THI CHN HC SINH GII

Nm hc 2011-2012
Math.vn
H NI 2011
Mc lc
Mc lc i
1 thi chn HSG Bnh nh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 thi chn HSG Bnh Phc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3 thi chn HSG ng Thp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4 thi chn HSG Hi Dng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5 thi chn HSG Nam nh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6 thi chn HSG An Giang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
7 thi chn HSG Thi Nguyn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
8 thi chn HSG Qung Ninh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
9 thi chn HSG Bn Tre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
10 thi chn HSG H Ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
11 thi chn HSG Ph Th . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
12 thi chn HSG H Nam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
13 thi chn HSG ng Nai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
14 thi chn HSG Hi Phng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
15 thi chn i d tuyn Bc Ninh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
16 thi chn HSG Ngh An . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
17 thi chn HSG Ninh Bnh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
18 thi chn HSG Hng Yn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
19 thi chn HSG Cn Th . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
20 thi chn HSG Vnh Phc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
21 thi chn HSG H Tnh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
22 thi chn HSG Nng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
23 chn i tuyn chuyn Thi Bnh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
24 thi chn i tuyn lp 12 TP.HCM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
25 chn HSG Lp 11,12 THPT Chuyn KHTN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
26 thi chn i tuyn trng PTNK, HQG TPHCM . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
27 thi chn i tuyn i Hc Vinh d VMO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
28 thi chn i tuyn Lng Th Vinh, ng Nai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
29 thi chn i tuyn THPT Chuyn Bn Tre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
i
30 thi chn i tuyn chuyn Quang Trung, Bnh Phc . . . . . . . . . 25
ii
1. thi chn HSG Bnh nh
1 thi chn HSG Bnh nh
Bi 1.
1. Gii phng trnhm

x 2 +

4 x = 2x
2
5x 1.
2. Gii h phng trnh
_
_
_
x
3
y
3
+ 3y
2
3x 2 = 0
x
2
+

1 x
2
3
_
2y y
2
+ 2 = 0.
Bi 2. Xt tt c cc tam thc bc hai f (x) = ax
2
+bx +c vi a > 0, a, b, c Z sao cho
f (x) c hai nghim phn bit trong (0; 1). Trong cc tam thc nh th tm tam thc
c h s a nh nht ?
Bi 3. Chng minh rng trong mi tam gic ABC lun c l
a
+l
b
+l
c

3
2

ab +bc +ca
(vi l
a
, l
b
, l
c
l di 3 ng phn gic xut pht t 3 nh A, B, C v a, b, c l di
cc cnh BC, AC, AB ca tam gic ABC).
Bi 4. Cho dy s (u
n
) c xc nh bi
_
_
_
u
1
=

3 +

2
u
n+1
= (

2)u
2
n
+ (2

6 5)u
n
+ 3

3 3

2.
t v
n
=
n

k=1
1
u
k
+

2
vi n = 1, 2, 3, ldots Tm limv
n
.
Bi 5. Cho tam gic ABC, cc ng cao AD, BE, CF ct nhau ti H. M l trung im
BC, EF ct BC ti I. Chng minh rng I H vung gc vi AM.
2 thi chn HSG Bnh Phc
(Vng 2-Chn i VMO)
Bi 1. Gii h phng trnh
_
_
_
x
3
8y
3
3x
2
+ 12y
2
+ 3x 12y =
_
2y 1

x 1

2x(4y
2
+ 1) = 6y
_
x
2
+ 4y + 1.
Bi 2. Gi p
n
l s nguyn t th n. Chng minh phng trnh 2011x
3
= 2nx
2
+
9n(p
n+1
+ p
n+2
)x + 1955n
3
lun c mt nghim n vi mi n nguyn dng.
Bi 3. Cho dy u
n
xc nh bi u
1
= 2; u
n
= 3u
1
+ 3(n 1)
3
n
3
. Chng minh
p|2011(u
1
+u
2
+ +u
p1
) vi mi s nguyn t p.
1
3. thi chn HSG ng Thp
Bi 4. Tam gic nhn ABC ni tip (O) . im M nm trn cung nh BC, gi N l
im i xng vi M qua trung im I ca AB. Gi H, K l trc tm ca cc tam gic
ABC v NAB tng ng v D, E l hnh chiu ca K ln AB v BC tng ng. Chng
minh rng DE i qua trung im HK.
Bi 5. Tm hm s f : R R tha mn f (x. f (x +y)) = f (y. f (x)) + x
2
.
3 thi chn HSG ng Thp
Bi 1.
1. Cho a, b, x, y, z > 0 v x +y +z = 1. Chng minh rng
_
a +
b
x
_
4
+
_
a +
b
y
_
4
+
_
a +
b
z
_
4
3(a + 3b)
4
.
2. Gii h phng trnh
_
_
_
_
9 + 8x
2
y x
4
y
2
= y(16y
5
3x
2
y
2
+ 1)
1 +
_
16 + (x 2y)
2
= x
2
(5y
3
x
2
) +y.
Bi 2. Cho a l s nguyn dng. Tm tt c cc hm f : N
*
N
*
tha mn
f (m+ f (n)) = n + f (m+ a), m, n N
*
.
Bi 3.
1. Cho ng trn (C) bn knh R = 1, A l mt im c nh trn ng trn (C),
v tip tuyn vi (C) ti A, trn tip tuyn ly mt im M sao cho AM = 1.
Mt ng thng d quay quanh M ct (C) ti B v C. t

AMB = .
a) Tnh din tch ABC theo .
b) Tm din tch ABC t gi tr ln nht. Tnh gi tr ln nht .
2. Trong mt phng cho ng thng , trn ly mt im A c nh. Hai im
B, C thay i sao cho AB = 5, AC = 3 v ng thng l phn gic ca gc

BAC. Tm tp hp im M t gic ABMC l hnh bnh hnh.

Bi 4. Chng minh rng tn ti hai s nguyn x, y khng chia ht cho 2011 v tha
mn x
2
+ 8043y
2
= 4.2011
n
vi mi n N
*
.
Bi 5. C bao nhiu s t nhin c 7 ch s i mt khc nhau dng abcde f g tha
mn iu kin s khng c dng (a < b < c < d v d > e > f > g).
2
4. thi chn HSG Hi Dng
4 thi chn HSG Hi Dng
Bi 1.
1. Cho hm s y =
x 2
x + 1
c th l (C) v im M ty thuc (C). Tip tuyn ca
(C) ti im M ct hai tim cn ti A v B. Gi I l giao im ca hai tim cn.
Chng minh tam gic I AB c din tch khng ph thuc v tr im M.
2. Tm m hm s y = 9x +m

x
2
+ 9 c cc i.
Bi 2.
1. Gii phng trnh sin
2012
x + cos
2012
x =
1
2
1005
.
2. Gii h phng trnh
_
_
_
x +

x
2
+ 1 = y +
_
y
2
1
x
2
+y
2
xy = 1.
Bi 3.
1. Chng minh tan x +sin x
9x
2
+
3
2
(

3 ), x (0;

2
). T suy ra trong mi
tam gic nhn ABC ta c
tan A + tan B + tan C + sin A + sin B + sin C
9

3
2
2. Tm gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca hm s y =

x + 4 +

4 x

16 x
2
.
Bi 4. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA = a

3 v SA
vung gc vi mt phng y.
1. Mt phng (P) i qua im A v vung gc vi SC ct SB, SC, SD ln lt ti
B

, C

, D

. Tnh th tch khi chp S.AB

theo a.
2. M v N l hai im thay i ln lt thuc cc cnh BC v DC sao cho

MAN =
45

. Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca th tch khi chp S.AMN.

Bi 5. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn a
2
+b
2
+c
2
= 1. Chng minh
a
2
+ ab + 1

a
2
+ 3ab +c
2
+
b
2
+bc + 1

b
2
+ 3bc + a
2
c
2
+ca + 1

c
2
+ 3ca +b
2

5(a +b +c).
3
5. thi chn HSG Nam nh
5 thi chn HSG Nam nh
NGY TH NHT
Bi 1. Tm m h sau c nghim duy nht:
_
_
_

x +
_
y 2 = m
2
+ 1

y +

x 2 = m
2
+ 1.
Bi 2. Cho a, b, c > 0 tha mn abc = 1. Chng minh rng
a + 1
a + 2
+
b + 1
b + 2
+
c + 1
c + 2
2.
Bi 3. Vi mi s thc x k hiu [x] l s nguyn ln nht khng vt qu x v {x} =
x [x]. Cho u
n
=
__
45 +

2012
_
n
_
. Chng minh dy u
n
c gii hn v tm gii hn
.
Bi 4. Cho tam gic ABC khng cn ngoi tip ng trn (I). D, E, F ln lt l cc
tip im ca (I) vi cc cnh BC, CA, AB. ID ct EF ti J. Chng minh AJ i qua
trung im BC.
Bi 5. Cho T =
_
(x, y) | x, y N, 0 2x < y 100, 49 | x
4
+y
4
_
. Tm |T|.
NGY TH HAI
Bi 1. Gii h phng trnh sau
_
_
_
_
4x +y +
_
2x +y = 2
_
2x +y + x +y = 1.
Bi 2. Cho dy (u
n
) xc nh bi u
1
= 1, u
n+1
= u
n
(u
n
1) + 2n N. t P
n
=
n

i=1
_
1 +u
2
n
_
1. Chng minh P
n
l s chnh phung.
Bi 3. Cho a, b l hai s thc sao cho phng trnh x
3
+ ax
2
+ x + b = 0 c ng 3
nghim thc dng. Chng minh rng
a
_
a
2
+ 1
_
a b

9
2
.
Bi 4. Cho tam gic ABC, phn gic AD, trung tuyn AM. N l mt im thuc AD,
P l hnh chiu ca N trn AB. Q l giao im ca ng thng qua P v vung gc
vi AD vi AM. Chng minh QN vung gc vi BC.
Bi 5. Cho {a, b, c, d} l b 4 s nguyn i mt khc nhau. Ta nh ngha php ton
T l php bin i mi b {x, y, z, t} ( c k th t) thnh b {x y, y z, z t, t x}.
Chng minh rng vi b {a, b, c, d} ban u sau mt s ln thch hp thc hin php
ton T ta s c 1 b s mi sao cho tn ti t nht 1 trong 4 s nhn c khng nh
hn 2012.
4
6. thi chn HSG An Giang
6 thi chn HSG An Giang
Vng 1
Bi 1. Cho hm s y = mx
4
+ x
2
+ m1(m l tham s). Tm m th hm s c 3
im cc tr to thnh tam gic c din tch bng 1.
Bi 2. Tm gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht ca biu thc
A =

tan x + 1 1
tan x + 4
.
Bi 3. Gii phng trnh 8 sin
4
x 8 sin
2
x cos x + 1 = 0.
Bi 4. Gii h phng trnh
_

_
x y +
_
x y
x +y
=
12
x +y
xy = 15.
Bi 5. Tnh lim
x0

tan x + 1

sin x + 1
x
3
.
Bi 6. Trn mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho hnh thoi ABCD vi A(

3; 1), B nm
trn trc honh, C nm trn th y =

3x,

ADC =

BAD
2
. Tm ta im D.
Bi 7. Cho hnh chp u S.ABCD c cnh bn bng a, gc hp bi mt bn v mt
y bng , gc hp bi hai mt phng cha hai mt bn k nhau bng 2.
1. Tnh th tch khi chp theo a v .
2. Chng minh cot
2
. tan
2
= 2 + tan
2
.
7 thi chn HSG Thi Nguyn
Bi 1.
1. Tm ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca hm s f (x) = 2 cos
x
2
+

6 sin x.
2. CMR vi mi tam gic ABC ta u c sin A + sin B +

6 sin C
5

10
4
.
Bi 2. Cho ng trn (O, R) v 2 im P, Q c nh. P nm ngoi (O) cn Q l im
nm trong (O). Dy cung di ng AB ca (O) lun i qua Q; PA, PB ln lt giao ln
th hai vi (O) ti C v D. Chng minh ng thng CD lun i qua 1 im c nh.
5
8. thi chn HSG Qung Ninh
Bi 3. Gii h phng trnh
_

_
8(x
2
+y
2
) + 4xy +
5
(x +y)
2
= 13
2x +
1
x +y
= 1.
Bi 4.
1. Cho cc ch s 0, 14, 5. C bao nhiu s gm 6 ch s khc nhau c thnh lp
t cc ch s cho, trong hai ch s 0 v 1 khng ng cnh nhau?
2. Tnh tng 2C
1
n
+ 2
2
.2C
2
n
+ 2
3
.3C
3
n
+ ... + 2
n
.nC
n
n
.
Bi 5. Gii phng trnh
|sin

2011x|
= |cos 2011x|.
8 thi chn HSG Qung Ninh
Bi 1.
1. Tm trn th (C) ca hm s y =
1 x
x 2
hai im A v B sao cho di on
thng AB = 2

6 v ng thng AB vung gc vi ng thng y = x.

2. Tm cc nghim thc ca h phng trnh
_
_
_
_
3x +y +

x +y = 2

x +y + x y = 1.
Bi 2. Tam gic ABC vung A, c

ABC = . Tnh t s ca bn knh ng trn

ngoi tip v ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC theo . Xc nh t s t gi
tr nh nht.
Bi 3. Cho hnh vung ABCD cnh a, cc na ng thng Bm, Dn vung gc vi mt
phng (ABCD) v cng mt pha vi mt phng y. Ly im M thuc Bm v im
N thuc Dn. t BM = x, DN = y.
1. Tm h thc gia x, y hai mt phng (ACM) v (ACN) vung gc vi nhau.
2. Chng minh rng khi x, y thay i nhng lun tha mn iu kin nu phn
1, on vung gc chung ca ACv MN c di khng i.
Bi 4. Tm s nguyn dng n nh nht sao cho trong khai trin ca nh thc Newton
(1 + x)
n
c hai s hng lin tip m t s cc h s ca n bng
7
15
.
Bi 5. Cho ba s thc dng x, y, z tha mn iu kin 2

xy +

xz = 1. Chng minh
rng
3yz
x
+
4zx
y
+
5xy
z
4.
Khi no du bng xy ra?
6
9. thi chn HSG Bn Tre
9 thi chn HSG Bn Tre
Vng 1
Bi 1. Gii h phng trnh
_
_
_
x
2
+y
2
2x 2y + 1 = 0
x(x 2y + 2) = 1.
Bi 2. Tm h s ca s hng x
10
trong khai trin ca (1 + x + x
2
+ x
3
)
15
.
Bi 3. Cho a gic by cnh u ABCDEFG. Chng minh
1
AB
=
1
AC
+
1
AD
.
Bi 4. Cho cc s thc x, y, z [0, 1]. Chng minh: x
2
+y
2
+z
2
x
2
y +y
2
z +z
2
x + 1.
Bi 5. Cho phng trnh x
2n
3x + 2 = 0 (1) trong n l s t nhin ln hn 1.
1. Chng minh rng ng vi mi n, phng trnh (1) c ng mt nghim x
n
[0, 1].
2. Gi (x
n
) vi n = 2, 3, 4, ... l dy s c c theo trn. Chng minh rng dy s
n iu v b chn.
Bi 6. Cho hnh lp phng ABCDA
1
B
1
C
1
D
1
c cnh bng 1, M l im di ng trn
ng cho BD
1
ca hnh lp phng. Tm gi tr nh nht ca MA + MD.
Vng 2
Bi 1. Ng gic u ABCDE c cnh bng 1 c tm l O. Php quay tm O vi gc
quay bin ng gic ABCDE thnh ng gic A
1
B
1
C
1
D
1
E
1
. Tnh din tch phn chung
S ca hai ng gic theo . Tm gi tr nh nht ca S.
Bi 2. Gii h phng trnh
_

_
(x +y)
3
= z
(y +z)
3
= x
(z + x)
3
= y.
Bi 3. Cho x, y, z l cc s thc ln hn 1. Chng minh
1 + x
2
1 +y +z
2
+
1 +y
2
1 +z + x
2
+
1 +z
2
1 + x +y
2
2
Bi 4. Cho cc dy s {a
n
}, {b
n
} vi n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... tha cc iu kin a
0
= b
0
= 1;
a
n+1
= a
n
+b
n
v b
n+1
= 3a
n
+b
n
vi mi n N.
1. Tm cng thc tng qut ca a
n
, b
n
.
2. Chng minh rng tn ti mt hng s thc k sao cho n|k.a
n
b
n
| < 2 vi mi n.
Bi 5. Tm tt c cc hm s f : [0; +) [0; +) tha mn f ( f (x)) + 7f (x) = 18x
vi mi x 0.
7
10. thi chn HSG H Ni
10 thi chn HSG H Ni
Bi 1.
1. Gii phng trnh x
4
+

1 x
2
= 1.
2. Gii h phng trnh
_
_
_
x
2
+y
2
= 2xy + 1
x
5
+y
3
+ 1 = 0.
Bi 2. Cho P = x
2
y +y
2
z +z
2
x vi x, y, z > 0. Chng minh rng:
1. P 3 khi xyz = 1.
2. P <
4
27
khi x +y +z = 1.
Bi 3.
1. Cho dy s (u
n
) xc nh bi u
1
= 1 v u
n+1
= u
n
+n vi mi n 1. Tm lim
u
n
u
n+1
.
2. Cho dy s (v
n
) xc nh bi v
1
=

2015 v v
n+1
= v
2
n
2 vi mi n 1. Chng
minh rng lim
v
2
n+1
v
2
1
v
2
2
...v
2
n
= 2011.
Bi 4.
1. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, y ABCD l hnh thang vung vi cc gc vung ti
A v B. Gi O l trung im cnh AB, SO (ABCD). Tnh th tch hnh chp
S.OCD v din tch tam gic SCD bit rng SO = a

3, AB = BC = 2a v AD =
a
2
.
2. Trong mt phng (P) cho hnh thang ABCD c AB vung gc vi hai cnh y
AD v BC. Cnh AB c nh, cnh CD thay i v c di bng tng di hai
cnh y. Gi M l im thuc cnh CD sao cho DM = DA. Xc nh v tr im
M trong mt phng (P) tng din tch ca hai tam gic ADM v BCM l nh
nht.
Bi 5. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, gi (C) l th hm s y =
x
2
3x + 3
x 1
, M v
N l cc im m t mi im k c hai tip tuyn vung gc vi nhau ti th
(C). Chng minh rng di on thng MN khng vt qu 4.
8
11. thi chn HSG Ph Th
11 thi chn HSG Ph Th
Bi 1.
1. Gii h phng trnh
_

_
y
3
(27x
3
35) + 8 = 0
3x
2
y + 2x = 5y
2
.
2. Gii phng trnh (x + 1)(2 +

x
2
+ 2x + 4) 2x(2 +

4x
2
+ 3) = 0.
Bi 2. Cho a, b, c thuc [1; 2]. Chng minh rng
a
2
+b
2
+c
2
+ ab +bc +ca + 3(a +b)(b +c)(c + a) (a +b +c)
3
.
Bi 3. Cho dy s
_
_
_
u
1
= 4
u
n+1
=
1
9
(u
n
+ 4 + 4

1 + 2u
n
).
Tm cng thc s hng tng
qut ca dy s trn.
Bi 4. Cho tam gic ABC v im M nm trong tam gic sao cho

MAC <
1
2

BAC,

MCA <
1
2

BCA. Gi D, E, F l hnh chiu vung gc ca M trn BC, CA, AB. Gi s N

l im nm trong tam gic sao cho

NAB =

MAC,

NCB =

MCA.
1. Chng minh rng AN vung gc vi EF .
2. Nu gc DEF = 90

th N l trc tm tam gic BDF.

Bi 5. Tm tt c cc s t nhin A c 9 ch s. Bit rng trong biu din thp phn
ca A ch s hng n v bng s cc ch s 8 trong A; ch s hng chc bng s cc
ch s 7 trong A; ch s hng trm bng s cc ch s 6 trong A; c nh vy cho n
ch s hng trm triu bng s cc ch s 0 trong A.
12 thi chn HSG H Nam
Bi 1. Tm tt c cc hm s f : R R tha mn ng thc sau vi mi s thc x, y:
f (y f (x)) = f (x
2012
y) 2011y f (x)
Bi 2. Cho dy s thc (x
n
) tha mn x
1
=
1
6
, x
n+1
=
3x
n
2x
n
+ 1
vi mi n nguyn dng.
1. Chng minh dy s trn c gii hn v tnh gii hn .
2. Tm s hng tng qut ca dy s trn.
9
13. thi chn HSG ng Nai
Bi 3. Tm tt c cc cp s nguyn (a, b) sao cho s 3
a
+ 7
b
l mt s chnh phng.
Bi 4. Cho t gic ABCD ni tip ng trn (O). Gi P, Q, R ln lt l hnh chiu
ca im D ln cc ng thng BC, CA, AB.
1. Chng minh ba im P, Q, R thng hng.
2. Chng minh QP = QR khi v ch khi phn gic ca gc ABC v ADC ct nhau
ti mt im thuc AC.
Bi 5. Mt dy a
1
, a
2
, ..., a
n
vi a
i
{0; 1} c gi l mt xu nh phn c di n. C
bao nhiu xu nh phn di n, n > 3 cha ng hai ln xut hin ca 01 .
13 thi chn HSG ng Nai
Bi 1. Cho phng trnh x
3
+ 3ux
2
+ 3vx u
3
+ 2uv = 0 (vi x l n s, x R, u v v
l cc tham s thc). Chng minh phng trnh cho c ba nghim dng khi v ch
khi u < 0 v 2u
2
< 4v < 3u
2
.
Bi 2. Gii phng trnh
2 cos 2x
sin3x sin5x
=

2.
Bi 3. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc khng m tha a +b +c = 1. Tm gi tr ln nht ca
biu thc
P = (a b)
3
+ (b c)
3
+ (c a)
3
.
Bi 4. Cho hnh hp ABCD, A

. Bit mt phng () ct cc cnh AA

, BB

, CC

, DD

ln lt ti cc im A
1
, B
1
, C
1
, D
1
, vi cc im A, B, C, D khng thuc mt phng ().
Gi V, V
1
ln lt l th tch ca cc khi chp A
1
.ABCD, A.A
1
B
1
C
1
D
1
. Chng minh
rng V = V
1
.
Bi 5. Cho m l s nguyn dng tha m = 2
n
p (vi n l s nguyn dng v p l s
nguyn t cho trc). Hy tnh tng tt c cc c s ca m theo n l p.
14 thi chn HSG Hi Phng
Vng 1
Bi 1. Gii h phng trnh sau
_

_
2 + 6y =
x
y

_
x 2y
_
x +
_
x 2y = x + 3y 2.
10
14. thi chn HSG Hi Phng
Bi 2. Cho hms f : N
*
N
*
tha mn cc iu kin
_
_
_
f (1) = 1
f (n) = n f ( f (n 1))n 2.
Chng minh rng f (2012) = f (2011) hoc f (2012) = f (2011) + 1.
Bi 3. Cho a, b, c 0 v a +b +c = 1. Chng minh rng 4(a
3
+b
3
+c
3
) + 15abc 1.
Bi 4. Cho tam gic ABC khng cn c BC = a, CA = b, AB = c. Gi s AA
1
, BB
1
, CC
1
l cc ng phn gic trong ca ABC. Chng minh rng nu A
1
B
1
= A
1
C
1
th
1
b +c
+
1
a +b +c
=
1
a +b
+
1
a +c
.
Bi 5. Tm cc hon v p ca tp {1, 2, ..., 2011} tha mn
|p(1) 1| +|p(2) 2| + ... +|p(2011) 2011| =
2011
2
1
2
.
Vng 2
Bi 1. Gii h phng trnh
_
_
_
x
3
+ 3xy
2
= 6xy 3x 49
x
2
8xy +y
2
= 10y 25 9.
Bi 2. Tm tt c cc dy s t nhin (a
n
) b chn tha mn a
n+1
=
a
n
+ a
n1
gcd(a
n
, a
n1
)
.
Bi 3. Cho lc gic li ABCDEF c B +D +F = 360

v
AB
BC
.
CD
DE
.
EF
FA
= 1. Chng
minh rng
BC
CA
.
AE
EF
.
FD
DB
= 1.
Bi 4. C n l th v n phong b ghi sn a ch. Hi c bao nhiu cch cho mi l
th vo mt phong b sao cho c t nht mt l t c cho ng a ch.
Bi 5. Tm hm f : Z Z tha mn
f (0) = 2, f (x + f (x + 2y)) = f (2x) + f (2y), x, y Z.
Bi 6. Cho ba im A, B, C theo th t nm trn mt ng thng. ng trn (O
1
)
thay i lun i qua A v B, ng trn (O
2
) thay i lun i qua B v C. Gi D l
giao im ca (O
1
) v (O
2
) (D = B). Ly E l im chnh gia cung AD khng cha
im B ca ng trn (O
1
) v F l im chnh gia cung DC khng cha im B ca
ng trn (O
2
). Chng minh rng trung im ca on EF thuc mt ng thng
c nh khi (O
1
) v (O
2
) thay i.
11
15. thi chn i d tuyn Bc Ninh
Bi 7. Cho bng hnh ch nht gm 2010 hng v 2011 ct. K hiu (m, n) l vung
th m v ct n. Ngi ta t mu cc vung ca bng theo nguyn tc nh sau: ln
th nht t mu ba vung (r, s), (r + 1, s + 1), (r + 2, s + 2) vi r, s l cc s t nhin
cho trc tha mn iu kin 1 r 2008, 1 s 2009. T ln th hai mi ln t
ng ba cha c mu nm cnh nhau trong cng mt hng hoc mt ct. Hi bng
cch c th t mu tt c cc trong bng cho hay khng ?
15 thi chn i d tuyn Bc Ninh
Bi 1. Tm 5 s nguyn dng phn bit sao cho tng ca 5 s chia ht cho tng
ca hai s bt k trong 5 s .
Bi 2. Tm tt c cc hm s f (x) lin tc trn R tha mn
_
_
_
f
_

2x
_
= 2f (x)
f (x + 1) = f (x) + 2x + 1
, x R.
Bi 3. Cho tp A = {1; 2; ...; 100}, a
1
, a
2
, . . . , a
50
, b
1
, b
2
, . . . , b
50
l cc s phn bit thuc
A. Tm gi tr ln nht ca tng S =
50

k=1
a
k
b
k
.
Bi 4. T mt im S nm ngoi ng trn (O), k tip tuyn SA (A l tip im)
v ct tuyn SBC vi ng trn (O). Ly im I nm trong tam gic ABC sao cho
SA = SI. Cc tia AI, BI, CI ct ng trn (O) ln na ti D, E, F. Chng minh rng
DE = DF.
Bi 5. Trong mt gii bng 20 i tham gia, thi u vng trn mt lt (kt thc
gii mi i vi mi i cn li ng mt trn). Tm s k ln nht sao cho sau mi
k vng u (mi i u k trn lun tm c ba i i mt cha vi nhau.
16 thi chn HSG Ngh An
Ngy thi th nht
Bi 1. Gii h phng trnh
_

_
x
2
+y
2
+
8xy
x +y
= 16
x
2
8y
+
2x
3
=

x
3
3y
+
x
2
4

y
2
.
Bi 2. Tm tt c cc s nguyn dng x, y tha mn x
2010
+ x
2009
+ ... + x + 2 = y
5
.
12
17. thi chn HSG Ninh Bnh
Bi 3. Cho tam gic nhn ABC c trc tm H. Phn gic ngoi ca gc BHC ct cc
cnh AB, AC ln lt ti D, E. Gi K l giao im ca phn gic gc A ca tam gic
ABC v ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ADE (K khc A). Chng minh rng hai tam
gic BHK v CHK c din tch bng nhau.
Bi 4. Tm tt c cc hm s f : R
+
R
+
tho mn f (x + f (y)) = f (x + y) + f (y)
vi mi x, y R
+
.
Bi 5. Cho s nguyn t p > 3 v M = {1, 2, . . . , p}. Vi mi s nguyn k tha mn
1 k p ta t E
k
= {A M | |A| = k} v x
k
=

AE
k
(min A + max A). Chng minh
rng
_
x
1
C
p
1
+ x
2
C
p
2
+ ...x
p1
C
p
p1
_
0 (mod p
3
). Trong |A| l s phn t ca tp
hp A.
Ngy thi th hai
Bi 1. Gii phng trnh 2

4x
2
x + 10 + 2x = 3
3

2x
2
x
3
+

9x
2
4x + 4.
Bi 2. Cho ba s dng a, b, c tha mn abc 1. Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc
P =
3

a
2
+ a
a
2
+ a + 1
+
3

b
2
+b
b
2
+b + 1
+
3

c
2
+c
c
2
+c + 1
.
Bi 3. Cho tam gic ABC ni tip (O). im M nm trong tam gic, AM, BM, CM ct
ng trn (O) ti A
1
, B
1
, C
1
. ng thng B
1
C
1
ct BC ti A
2
. Tng t ta c B
2
, C
2
.
Chng minh rng A
2
, B
2
, C
2
cng nm trn mt ng thng vung gc vi OM.
Bi 4. Cho hm s thc f (x) tha mn vi mi s thc c lun tn ti a thc P
c
(x)
sao cho | f (x) P
c
(x)| c.x
2002
vi mi x. Chng minh rng f (x) l mt a thc h s
thc.
Bi 5. Vi mi s t nhin n. Xc nh s hon v (a
1
, a
2
, ..., a
n
) ca tp (1, 2, ..., n) tha
mn 2(a
1
+ a
2
+ ... + a
k
) chia ht cho k vi mi k (1, 2, ..., n).
17 thi chn HSG Ninh Bnh
Bi 1.
1. Gii h phng trnh
_
_
_
x(y
3
x
3
) = 7
x
4
+ x
3
y + 9y = y
3
x + x
2
y
2
+ 9x.
2. Bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh 2
x
+ 3
x
= 2 +mx theo tham s m.
13
18. thi chn HSG Hng Yn
Bi 2. Chng minh dy (u
n
) xc nh bi cng thc u
n
=
n

k=1
1
k
ln n vi n = 1, 2, ... c
gii hn hu hn.
Bi 3. Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A. Gi M l trung im ca cnh BC. im X di
chuyn trn cung nhAM ca ng trn ngoi tip ABM, ly im T thuc min
trong ca gc BAC sao cho gc XMT = 90

v XT = XB. Chng minh rng hiu gia

hai gc MTB v MTC khng ph thuc vo X.
Bi 4. Bn A t tn cc nh ca mt hnh lp phng mt cc ty l A
1
, A
2
, ..., A
8
,
bn B t tn cc nh theo mt cch ty l B
1
, B
2
, ..., B
8
. Chng minh rng lun
tn ti 3 s i, j, k i mt phn bit thuc tp {1, 2, ..., 8} sao cho tam gic A
i
A
j
A
k
bng
tam gic B
i
B
j
B
k
.
18 thi chn HSG Hng Yn
Vng 1
Bi 1. Cho cc s thc dng x, y, z. Chng minh rng
x
2
(y +z) +y
2
(z + x) +z
2
(y + x) (xy +yz +zx)
3
_
(x +y)(y +z)(z + x).
Bi 2. Cho hai ng trn (C
1
) v (C
2
) ct nhau tai A, B. Cc tip tuyn ti A, B ca
(C
1
) ct nhau ti K. M l im di ng trn (C
1
) (M khng trng A, B), ng thng
AM ct (C
2
) ti P. ng thng KM ct (C
1
) ti C, ng AC ct (C
2
) ti Q. Chng
minh rng:
1. MC i qua trung im ca on PQ.
2. ng thng PQ lun i qua mt im c nh khi M di ng trn (C
1
).
Bi 3. Tm tt c cc hm s f : Q R tho mn f (x +y) = f (x). f (y) f (xy) + 1,
x, y Q.
Bi 4. Cho dy s Fibonacci xc nh nh sau
_
_
_
u
1
= u
2
= 1
u
n
= u
n1
+u
n2
, n 3.
1. Chng minh rng vi mi n 3 th u
n1
v u
n+1
nguyn t cng nhau.
2. Vi s nguyn t p nguyn t cng nhau vi 10, chng minh rng trong hai s
u
p1
v u
p+1
c ng mt s chia ht cho p.
Bi 5. Tm s cc dy s x
1
, x
2
, . . . , x
2012
vi x
i
{1, 2, 3} tho mn iu kin x
1
=
x
2012
= 1 v x
i
= x
j
vi i = 1, 2, . . . , 2011.
14
19. thi chn HSG Cn Th
19 thi chn HSG Cn Th
Bi 1. Gii h phng trnh
_

_
4

x
_
1
4
+
2

x +

y
x +y
_
= 2
4

y
_
1
4

2

x +

y
x +y
_
= 1.
Bi 2. Chng minh rng vi mi ta c

17
_
cos
2
+ 4 cos + 6 + +
_
cos
2
2 cos + 3

2 +

11.
Bi 3. Cho A, D ln lt l trung im ca cc on A

B, AB(A

B = 2R). Dng v mt
pha i vi ng thng hai na ng trn (C) v (C

) c cc ng knh ln lt l
AB v A

B. Gi I l im tho mn iu kin

AB = 3

AI. K mt ng thng bt k
qua I ct (C) v (C

) ln lt ti M, M

( M khng trng vi A). Chng minh rng:

1. DA
2
= DI.DA

.
2. AM, BM ln lt l phn gic trong v phn gic ngoi ca gc I MA

.
3. A, A

, M, M

cng thuc mt ng trn.

Bi 4. Tm tt c cc cp s nguyn (x, y) tho mn x
2002
+y
2002
= 2003
2011
(x
4
+y
4
).
Bi 5. Cho dy s (x
n
) c xc nh bi
_
_
_
x
1
= a
x
n+1
=
2011
3
ln(x
2
n
+ 2011
2
) 2011
2
.
Chng
minh rng dy s (x
n
) c gii hn hu hn.
20 thi chn HSG Vnh Phc
Vng 1
Bi 1. Cho hm s f : R R tha mn iu kin
f (xy) + f (x y) f (x +y), x, y R.
1. Hy ch ra mt hm s khng phi l hm hng tha mn bt ng thc trn.
2. Chng minh rng f (x) 0, x R.
Bi 2. Cho dy cc s dng (a
n
) tha mn a
k
2a
k+1
+ a
k+2
0 v
k

j=1
a
j
< 1 k 1.
Chng minh rng 0 a
k
a
k+1

2
k
2
vi mi k 1.
15
21. thi chn HSG H Tnh
Bi 3. Cho ba ng trn (O
1
), (O
2
), (O
3
) i mt tip xc ngoi nhau. Xt ba ng
knh A
1
A
2
ca (O
1
), B
1
B
2
ca(O
2
), C
1
C
2
ca (O
3
) sao cho cc vc t

A
1
A
2
,

B
1
B
2
,

C
1
C
2
cng hng. Chng minh rng cc ng thng A
1
B
2
, B
1
C
2
, C
1
A
2
ng quy.
Bi 4. Cho hai s nguyn a, b sao cho (a, b) = 1. Gi p l mt c nguyn t l ca
a
2
k
+b
2
k
(k Z
+
). Chng minh rng p 1 (mod 2
k+1
).
Bi 5. Cho s nguyn n 2. Chng minh rng trong mi h gm t nht 2
n1
+ 1 tp
hp con khng rng phn bit ca tp hp {1, 2, 3, . . . , n} u tm c ba tp hp m
mt trong chng l hp ca hai tp hp cn li.
21 thi chn HSG H Tnh
Vng 1
Bi 1. Cho cc s thc a, b, c tha mn a > b > c > 0. Chng minh phng trnh sau
c nghim duy nht:

x a

x b +
a b

x c
= 0.
Bi 2. Tnh cc gc ca tam gic nhn ABC bit rng
1
3
(cos 3A + cos 3B) + cos A + cos B +cosC =
5
6
.
Bi 3. Dy s (x
n
) vi n = 1, 2, 3, . . . b chn trn v tha mn iu kin x
n+2

1
4
x
n+1
+
3
4
x
n
vi mi n = 1, 2, 3, .... Chng minh rng dy s trn c gii hn.
Bi 4. Cc nh A, B, C ca tamgic nhn ABC ln lt nmtrn cc cnh B
1
C
1
, C
1
A
1
, A
1
B
1
ca tam gic A
1
B
1
C
1
sao cho

ABC =

A
1
B
1
C
1
,

BCA =

B
1
C
1
A
1
,

BAC =

B
1
A
1
C
1
. Gi H
v H
1
theo th t l trc tm tam gic ABC v A
1
B
1
C
1
. Chng minh rng H v H
1
cch u tm O ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
Bi 5. Hy xc nh tt c cc hm s f : N
*
N
*
tha mn f (n) + f (n + 1) =
f (n + 2) f (n + 3) 22 vi mi n N
*
.
Vng 2
Bi 1. Tm m h
_
_
_
x
2
+y
2
= 2m+ 1
(x +y).2
y
+ 2
x+y+1
= 2
2m
+ (2m1).2
y
c nghim sao cho tch xy t gi tr ln nht, nh nht.
16
22. thi chn HSG Nng
Bi 2. Chng minh rng vi a, b, c > 0 ta c
1
a(1 +b)
+
1
b(1 +c)
+
1
c(1 + a)

(a
5
+b
5
+c
5
)(a
3
+b
3
+c
3
)
(1 + abc)(a
8
+b
8
+c
8
)
.
Bi 3. Tm tt c cc a thc P(x) c h s thc tha mn
_
_
_
P(2) = 12
P(x
2
) = x
2
.(x
2
+ 1)P(x)
vi mi x R.
Bi 4. Tm tt c cc b ba s nguyn dng (a, b, c) sao cho a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
chia ht cho
a
2
b, b
2
c, c
2
a.
Bi 5. Cho tp hp P gm n im phn bit trn mt phng (n 3),trong khng
c 3 im no thng hng.Mi cp im thuc P c ni bi mt on thng t mu
hoc t mu xanh.Tm s nh nht cc on thng t mu sao cho bt k tam
gic no vi 3 nh thuc P u c t nht mt cnh mu .
22 thi chn HSG Nng
Ngy th Nht
Bi 1. Tm tt c cc hm s f : R R sao cho f ( f (x y)) = f (x) f (y) +
f (x) f (y) xy.
Bi 2. Cho dy s thc (x
n
) tha mn iu kin x
n+1
=
x
3
n
+ 3x
n
3x
2
n
+ 1
vi mi n N
*
.
1. Tm cng thc tnh (x
n
) theo x
1
v n.
2. Chng minh rng dy s (x
n
) c gii hn hu hn.
Bi 3. Cho ng trn (C). Trn (C) ly hai im c nh A v B sao cho cc tip
tuyn ti A v B ct nhau ti P. Mt im C di ng trn cung ln AB ca (C) ng
thng CP ct(C) ti D khc C. Gi I, J ln lt l trung im ca CD v AB. Hy xc
nh v tr im C trn cung ln AB sao cho S = JD+ JC I A IB +CD AB t gi
tr ln nht.
Bi 4. Tn ti hay khng mt cch xp 100 s nguyn 51, 52, ..., 149, 150 vo trong mt
li vung gm 10 hng, 10 ct (mi vung mt s) sao cho nu a vb l hai s
ng k nhau trn mt hng hoc trn mt ct th t nht mt trong hai phng trnh
x
2
ax +b = 0 hoc x
2
bx + a = 0 c nghim nguyn?
Ngy th hai
17
23. chn i tuyn chuyn Thi Bnh
Bi 1. Cho P(x) l a thc vi h s thc, khc hng s tha iu kin P(x
2
) =
P(x 1)P(x) vi mi x R;Q(x), Q
1
(x), Q
2
(x) l cc a thc Q(x) = Q
1
(x
3
) +xQ
2
(x
3
)
vi mi x R. Chng minh rng nu a thc Q(x) chia ht cho a thc P(x) th cc
a thc Q
1
(x), Q
2
(x) cng chia ht cho nh thc x 1.
Bi 2. Tm tt c cc cp s nguyn dng m, n sao cho 3
m
+ 5
m
v 3
n
+ 5
n
ng thi
chia ht cho tch s mn.
Bi 3. Cho G l mt th n ( G khng cha khuyn v khng c hai cnh khc
nhau no ni cng mt cp nh),c hu hn nh. Mi nh ca G ch c t mt
trong hai mu en hoc trng. Gi s ban u tt c cc nh ca G u c mu en.
Ta c php thc hin nhiu ln cc thao tc: chn mt nh P ty ca G ri i
mu ca P v ca mi nh k vi P ( hai nh c gi l k nhau nu c ni vi
nhau bi mt cnh). Hi sau mt s hu hn ln thc hin cc thao tc nh vy, ta c
th i mu tt c cc nh ca G sang trng khng?
23 chn i tuyn chuyn Thi Bnh
Vng 1
Bi 1. Gii h phng trnh
_
_
_
2(y
3
x
3
) = 6x
2
+ 7x y + 3
2
_
3 y +
_
2(1 +y) =
_
9
4
x
2
+ 4.
Bi 2. Cho dy su
n
xc nh bi u
0
= 1; u
1
= 2, u
n+2
= 4u
n+1
u
n
. Tm cng thc
tng qut ca dy v xc nh tt c cc gi tr ca n u
n
1 l s chnh phng.
Bi 3. Tm tt c cc hm f , g xc nh v nhn cc gi tr trn tp s thc tho mn
| f (y) f (x) g(x)(x y)| M|x y|
2+a
vi mi x, y R ( M; a l cc s thc dng
cho trc).
Bi 4. Cho hai ng trn(O
1
); (O
2
) ngoi nhau. K ti hai ng trn mt tip tuyn
chung trong v mt tip tuyn chung ngoi vi tip im A, B (O
1
) v C, D (O
2
).
Chng minh rng AB ct CD ti 1 im thuc O
1
O
2
.
Bi 5. Trong mt gii u c n cu th thi u theo gnh thc gp nhau i mt
(khng c trn ho). Gi A
i
; B
i
ln lt l s trn thng, trn thua ca cu th i.
Chng minh rng
n

i=1
A
2
i
=
n

i=1
B
2
i
.
Vng 2
18
24. thi chn i tuyn lp 12 TP.HCM
Bi 1. Gii h phng trnh
_

_
2(y
3
x
3
) = 6x
2
+ 7x y + 3
2
_
3 y +
_
2(1 +y) =
_
9
4
x
2
+ 4.
Bi 2. Cho a, b, c > 0 v abc = 1. Chng minh rng
(3a 1)
2
2a
2
+ 1
+
(3b 1)
2
2b
2
+ 1
+
(3c 1)
2
2c
2
+ 1
4.
Bi 3. Tm tt c cc hm f , g : R R tha mn vi mi x, y R v hai s dng
cho trc m, n ta lun c | f (y) f (x) g(x)(x y)| m|x y|
2+n
.
Bi 4. Tm tt c cc hm lin tc f : [0, 1] R tha mn vi mi x [0, 1] ta u
c f (x) 2x f (x
2
).
Bi 5. Tm tt c cc s nguyn t p > 2 tha mn tn ti cc s nguyn dng x, y
sao cho x
p
+y
p
= p[(p 1)!]
p
.
Bi 6. Cho hai ng trn (O) v (O

) tip xc trong ti K, (O

) nm trong (O). Gi
A l im thuc (O) sao cho A, O, O

khng thng hng. V cc tip tuyn AD, AE ti

(O

) (D, E l tip im), chng ct (O) ln lt ti B v C. Gi s AO

ct (O) ti F.
Chng minh rng KF, BC v DE ng quy.
Bi 7. Trn mt phng cho n im A
1
, A
2
, ..., A
n
. Tm tt c cc gi tr ca n sao cho
tn ti b s thc (r
1
, r
2
, ..., r
n
) tha mn cc tnh cht sau:
1. Khng c ba im no thng hng trong s n im trn.
2. Vi mi b (i, j, k) bt k trong 1 i < j < k n th tam gic A
i
A
j
A
k
c din
tch l r
i
+r
j
+r
k
.
24 thi chn i tuyn lp 12 TP.HCM
VNG 1
Bi 1. Gii h phng trnh sau
_

_
x
y+1
= (y + 1)
x

4x
2
+ 18x 20 +
2x
2
9x + 6
2x
2
9x + 8
=
_
y + 1.
Bi 2. Cho hai ng trn (O
1
) v (O
2
) ct nhau ti A v B. Trn tia i tia AB ly
im M. Ct tuyn qua B ct (O
1
) v (O
2
) ln lt ti C v D (B nm gia C v D).
ng thng MC ct (O
1
) ti P khc C. ng thng MD ct (O
2
) TI Q khc D. Gi
O l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ACD, E l giao im ca PB v AC, F l giao
im ca QB v AD. Chng minh MO vung gc vi EF.
19
25. chn HSG Lp 11,12 THPT Chuyn KHTN
Bi 3. Cho a, b, c > 0. Chng minh bt ng thc
1
a(b + 1)
+
1
b(c + 1)
+
1
c(a + 1)

3
1 + abc
.
Bi 4. Cho a thc P(x) = x
2012
mx
2010
+ m(m = 0). Gi s P(x) c 2012 nghim
thc. Chng minh c t nht mt nghim tha | x
0
|

2.
Bi 5. Cho cc s nguyn x, y tha mn x
2
2xy +y
2
5x +7y v x
2
3xy +2y
2
+x y
u chia ht cho 17. Chng minh xy 12x + 15y chia ht cho 17.
VNG 2
Bi 1. Tm tt c cc hm f : R R tha f ( f (x) + y) = f (x
2
y) + 4y f (x) vi mi
x, y R.
Bi 2. Cho a; b; c > 0. Chng minh
ab
2
a
2
+ 2b
2
+c
2
+
bc
2
b
2
+ 2c
2
+ a
2
+
ca
2
c
2
+ 2a
2
+b
2

a +b +c
4
.
Bi 3. Cho ABC ni tip (O). Trn AC v AB ln lt ly hai im P v Q. Gi
M, N, J ln lt l trung im BP, CQ, PQ. Cho (MNJ) ct PQ ti R. Chng minh
OR PQ.
Bi 4. Cho dy (u
n
) c nh bi
_

_
u
1
=
4
5
u
n+1
=
u
2
n
u
4
n
8u
2
n
+ 8
n N
*
.
Tm cng thc
tng qut ca dy (u
n
).
Bi 5. Tm tt c cc s nguyn dng a, b tha mn (ab)
2
4(a + b) l mt bnh
phng ca mt s nguyn.
25 chn HSG Lp 11,12 THPT Chuyn KHTN
Vng 1, Ngy thi th nht
Bi 1. Chng minh rng vi mi s nguyn dng k u tn ti s nguyn dng n
sao cho (n) = (n +k).
Bi 2. Cho dy s {a
n
} xc nh nh sau
_
_
_
a
1
= 6, a
2
= 14
a
n+2
= 6a
n+1
a
n
24.(1)
n
.
Tnh lim
n
n

k=1
1
a
k
.
20
26. thi chn i tuyn trng PTNK, HQG TPHCM
Bi 3. Cho tam gic ABC v im P bt k nm trong tam gic. Cc ng thng
PA, PB, PC ct cc cnh BC, CA, AB ti cc im A

, B

, C

tng ng.
1. Chng minh rng (AB

), (BC

) v (CA

) c mt im chung Q.
2. Gi s AA

, BB

, CC

khng i qua Q. Chng minh rng (AQA

), (BQB

), (CQC

)
c im chung khc Q.
Bi 4. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn abc = 1. Chng minh rng

a
3
(b
7
+c + 1)
b
7
(b + 1)(c + 1)

9
4
.
Ngy thi th hai
Bi 1. Chng minh rng tn ti v hn b s nguyn dng x, y, z, u m (x, y, z) = 1
m x
4
+y
4
+z
4
= 2u
4
.
Bi 2. Tmhm f : R
+
R
+
tha mn f (x +2y) f (x y) = 3( f (y) +2
_
f (x). f (y))
vi mi x > y > 0.
Bi 3. Cho tam gicABC, P l mt im bt k nm trong tam gic. A
1
, B
1
, C
1
l hnh
chiu ca P ln ba cnh.O l tm ca (A
1
B
1
C
1
). Gi A
2
, B
2
, C
2
l trung im ca
PA, PB, PC. Gi s OA
1
ct B
2
C
2
ti A
3
, OB
1
ct A
2
C
2
ti B
3
, OC
1
ct A
2
B
2
ti C
3
.
Chng minh rng A
2
A
3
, B
2
B
3
, C
2
C
3
ng quy.
Bi 4. Trn mt phng ta ta nh du tt c cc im nguyn dng (a, b) vi a v
b l 2 s nguyn t cng nhau. Khi vi mi s nguyn k th im (a, b) s c ni
vi mi im (a +kab, b) v (a, b +kab) bng mi cnh (khng nh hng).
1. Chng minh rng vi mi im c nh du (a, b) u c con ng ni im
ny vi im (1, 1).
2. Ta gi cc cnh ni im (a, b) vi cc im (a +kab, b),(a, b +kab) l cnh dng
nu k > 0 v cnh m nu k < 0. Vi mi con ng ni im (a, b) vi im (1, 1)
ta tnh s ln i du ca cc cnh v gi v(a, b) l gi tr nh nht ca s ln i
du trong tt c cc con ng ni im (a, b) vi im (1, 1) . Hi khi (a, b) thay
i trn cc im c nh du th v(a, b) c th nhn gi tr ln ty c hay
khng?
26 thi chn i tuyn trng PTNK, HQG
TPHCM
Ngy thi th nht
21
26. thi chn i tuyn trng PTNK, HQG TPHCM
Bi 1. Cho cc s a, b, c dng tha mn ab +bc +ca = 1. Chng minh bt ng thc
1
3 + 2(a
2
bc)
+
1
3 + 2(b
2
ca)
+
1
3 + 2(c
2
ab)
1.
Bi 2. C bao nhiu tp {x, y, z, t} Ntha mn 12 x < y < z < t v x +y +z +t =
2011?
Bi 3. Tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn (O) bn knh R, (C
1
) l ng trn thay i
v lun qua B, C v ln lt ct cc cnh AB, AC ti M, N (M = B, N = C).
Chng minh (AMN) lun tip xc vi mt ng c nh.
Cho B, C c nh v BC = 2R, cn A thay i trn (O). ng thng qua A vung
gc BC ct (O) ln na ti D, ct (C
1
) ti E, F. Chng minh rng nu A v (C
1
)
thay i sao cho
EF
AD
=

5
2
th (AMN) lun tip xc vi mt ng c nh.
Bi 4. Cho p l s nguyn t l v a thc Q(x) (p 1)x
p
x 1. Dy s (a
n
) tha
mn a
0
=
p 1
2
, a
n
= a
n1
+ Q(a
n1
) n N*. Chng minh rng vi mi n nguyn
dng ta c gcd(a
n
, p) = 1 v Q(a
n
) 0 mod p
n
.
Ngy thi th hai
Bi 1. Cho dy (u
n
) tha u
1
=
1
6
v u
n+1
= u
2
n
+
2
3
u
n
, n N
*
. Tm
lim
5u
2
n+1
2u
2
n
u
n+1
+ 5u
n
u
n+1
3u
2
n
+u
n
u
n+1
(4 +u
2
n
)
Bi 2. Cho hm s f : NN N tha f (0, 0) = 0 v
f (a, b) =
_
_
_
f
_
_
a
2

,
_
b
2
__
nu 2 | a +b
1 + f
_
_
a
2

,
_
b
2
__
nu 2 | a +b 1.
C bao nhiu s t nhin m 2011 sao cho f (2011, m) = 5.
Cho s l p, n N (1 < p < 2
n
) v A l tp hp gm p s t nhin khng vt
qu 2
n
1. Chng minh rng

{a,b}A
f (a, b) n
p
2
1
4
.
Bi 3. Cho tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn (O) vi B, C c nh cn A thay i trn
(O). Trung trc d ca BC ct AB, AC ti M, N. Gi P, Q l cc im i xng ca M, N
qua O v K l giao im ca BQ v CP.
Chng minh K lun thuc mt ng trn c nh.
22
27. thi chn i tuyn i Hc Vinh d VMO
Kt lun trn cn ng khng nu thay d bng ng thng Euler ca ABC.
Bi 4. Vi mi s nguyn dng n, t S
n
= x
n
+ y
n
+ z
n
. Ta bit rng S
n
P
n
(s, t, p)
vi s = x + y + z, t = xy + yz + zx, p = xyz. Hy tnh tng cc h s ca cc n thc
cha p trong P
2011
(s, t, p).
27 thi chn i tuyn i Hc Vinh d VMO
Ngy 1
Bi 1. Gii h phng trnh
_
_
_
xy x +y = 3
4x
3
+ 12x
2
+ 9x = y
3
+ 6y + 5.
Bi 2. Xc nh hm lin tc f : [0; ) [0; ) tha mn
2f (x) = f
_
x
x
2
+ x + 1
_
+ f
_
x + 1
2
_
.
Bi 3. Cho ng trn (O) ng knh AB. Trn ng thng AB ly im M nm
ngoi (O). QuaM k ng thng ct (O) ti E, F (E nm gia M v F). Gi H l giao
im ca BE v AF. K l giao im ca AE v BF. ng thng MH ct (O) ti P v
Q. Chng minh rng OPK = OQK = 90

.
Bi 4. Trong l khai mc th vn hi 2012, ban t chc d kin thc hin mt chng
trnh ng din xp ngi. C 2012 ngi tham d ng din. Trong mi ln sp xp
i hnh, tt c mi ngi c chia thnh hai nhm vi s ngi bng nhau. Tm gi
tr nh nht ca s ln sp xp i hnh tha mn iu kin vi hai ngi bt k, c t
nht mt ln h hai nhm khc nhau trong mt ln sp xp no .
Ngy 2
Bi 1. Cho cc s thc khng m phn bit a, b, c. Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc
P = (a
2
+b
2
+c
2
)
_
1
(a b)
2
+
1
(b c)
2
+
1
(c a)
2
_
.
Bi 2. Gi s rng p l mt s nguyn t sao cho 2
p1
1 chia ht cho p
2
. Chng minh
rng vi s nguyn dng n ty , s (p 1)(p! + 2
n
) c t nht 3 c nguyn t phn
bit.
Bi 3. Cho t gic ABCD ni tip ng trn tm O, hai ng cho AC v BD ct
nhau ti I. Gi I
1
, I
2
ln lt l tm cc ng trn ni tip tam gic ABI v CDI. Gi
M
1
, M
2
ln lt l im chnh gia cung AB, CD (khng cha cc nh cn li ca t
gic). Chng minh rng cc ng thng OI, M
1
I
1
, M
2
I
2
.
23
28. thi chn i tuyn Lng Th Vinh, ng Nai
28 thi chn i tuyn Lng Th Vinh, ng Nai
Bi 1. Cho ba s thc x, y, z 0 v tha mn iu kin x +y +z = 1. Tm gi tr nh
nht ca biu thc P = x
3
+y
3
+
1
2
z
3
.
Bi 2. Cho t din ABCD v I l mt im nm trong t din . Cc ng thng
AI, BI, CI, DI ct cc mt i din ca t din ti A

, B

, C

, D

. Chng minh rng

I A
AA

+
IB
BB

+
IC
CC

+
ID
DD

= 3.
Bi 3. Cho hai s thc a v b, xt dy s (x
n
) xc nh bi
_
_
_
x
0
= a
x
n+1
= 1 +b.x
n
; n N.
Tm iu kin ca a, b (x
n
) c gii hn tm limx
n
.
Bi 4. Tm tt c cc s chnh phng S c tnh cht S c th biu din di dng:
S = 2
8
+ 2
11
+ 2
m
vi m l s nguyn dng no .
Bi 5. Gii phng trnh 4x x
2
=
3

3
1 +

x
4
8x
3
+ 16x
2
+ 1
.
Bi 6. Cho tp hp S = {1, 2, 3, . . . , 2011}. Tm s nguyn dng n nh nht sao cho
tp hp S c tnh cht sau: nu ta xa n s trong tp hp S th trong cc s cn li ca
S, khng c s no l tch ca 2 s khc.
29 thi chn i tuyn THPT Chuyn Bn Tre
Bi 1. Tm s hng tng qut ca dy s (u
n
) tha mn
_
_
_
u
1
= u
2
= 1
u
n+2
=
u
n+1
.u
n
2u
n
u
n+1
.
Bi 2. Cho tam gic ABC c

C <

B <

2
. Ly D thuc cnh BC sao cho AD = AB.
ng trn (I) ni tip tam gic ABC tip xc vi AB, BC theo th t L, K. ng trn
(J) ni tip tam gic ACD. Chng minh rng LK i qua trung im ca BJ.
Bi 3. Tm hm s f : R R tha mn iu kin f (1) = 1 v
_
_
_
f (x +y) = f (x) + f (y) + 2xy
f (
1
x
) =
f (x)
x
4
, x = 0.
Bi 4. Cho t din vung c bn knh mt cu ni tip v ngoi tip ln lt l r, R.
Hy tm gi tr nh nht ca t s
R
r
.
24
30. thi chn i tuyn chuyn Quang Trung, Bnh Phc
Bi 5. Chng minh rng khng tn ti cc s nguyn m, n tha mn 0 < m < n < 2011
m |m k| v |n k| cng l s nguyn t hoc cng khng l s nguyn t vi mi
k {1, 2, 3, . . . , 2012}.
30 thi chn i tuyn chuyn Quang Trung,
Bnh Phc
Bi 1. Gii h phng trnh
_
_
_
x
2
(y + 1) = 6y 2
x
4
y
2
+ 2x
2
y
2
+y(x
2
+ 1) = 12y
2
1.
Bi 2. Gii phng trnh x =

2 x.

3 x +

3 x.

5 x +

5 x.

2 x.
Bi 3.
1. Cho p l s nguyn t ln hn 3. Chng minh p
2
+ 11 chia ht cho 12.
2. Tm tt c cc s nguyn t p sao cho s p
2
+ 11 ch c ng 6 c s (k c 1 v
chnh n).
Bi 4. Cho tam gic ABC c nh A c nh, hai nh B, C thay i trn ng thng d
c nh sao cho hnh chiu H ca A trn d nm gia hai im B v C ng thi HB.HC
l mt s khng i. Gi D l hnh chiu ca H trn AB, E l hnh chiu ca H trn
AC.
1. Gi P l giao im ca AH vi DE, Q l giao im ca AH vi ng trn ngoi
tip tam gic ABC.Chng minh rng BDPQ l t gic ni tip v P, Q l cc im
c nh.
2. Gi S l giao im ca cc tip tuyn ca ng trn ngoi tip tan gic HDE ti
D v E. Tm qu tch ca im S.
Bi 5. Cho ba s dng a, b, c tha mn
1
a
2
+
1
b
2
+
1
c
2
= 1. Tm gi tr ln nht ca
biu thc
P =
1

5a
2
+ 2ab + 2b
2
+
1

5b
2
+ 2bc + 2c
2
+
1

5c
2
+ 2ac + 2a
2
.
Bi 6. C m bn n v n bn nam cng tham gia k thi chn hc sinh gii Ton. Bit
rng:
1. Mi bn n u quen vi t nht mt bn nam.
25
30. thi chn i tuyn chuyn Quang Trung, Bnh Phc
2. Bt k hai bn n M
1
, M
2
v bt k hai ban nam N
1
, N
2
no: nu M
1
quen N
1
v
M
2
quen N
2
th trong hai cp (M
1
; N
2
) v (M
2
; N
1
) c t nht mt cp gm hai
bn quen nhau.
Chng minh rng c t nht mt bn nam quen tt c cc bn n.
26