UNIT 2 : BASIC PHYSICAL ABILITIES AND LOCOMOTIVE ABILITIES

We call basic physical abilities of the body those that make movements possible and depending on how developed those abilities are, these movements will be more comfortable, useful and enjoyable when we want to do some physical exercise. Endurance is the power to bear prolonged exercise. The organs and body systems connected to endurance are the heart, the lungs and the cardio-respiratory system. - Types of endurance: aerobic (the oxygen we breathe is sufficient to meet the energy demand required by the body) ; anaerobic (The oxygen you breathe is not enough, and needs an oxygen debt which is manifested in the respiratory rate and fatigue) - Training methods: Continuous (without pauses; continuous running and fartlek); staggered ( with pauses to recover ; interval training) Flexibility is the ability to do movements to the best of your ability. The parts of the body that can be stretched are the muscles (as long as they can) and the joints. Depends of 2 factors: joint mobility and muscle elasticity. - Types of flexibility: static ( in a static position, without movement, called stretching); dynamic ( with ballistic movements) Strength is the necessary ability to overcome an obstacle or move a weight. The muscles and their capacity to contract are the elements linked to it. - Types of strength: Slow ( push ups), fast or maximum ( weightlifting) and explosive (jumps) - Training methods: with own weight ( with the body weight); in pairs ( can be used your partner as a resistance) Speed is the ability that permits us to move in the shortest amount of time possible The parts of the body related to speed are the muscles and the nervous system. - Types of speed: translation ( distance travelled in a time); gestural ( motor act in a short time) ; Reaction ( time to respond); mental ( time to solve a problem) The locomotive system enables us to make precise, agile and balanced movements. It is necessary to develop both types of abilities to find the efficiency of the movements: the physical abilities are the basis, and the locomotive abilities are the ones that complete the perfect achievement of these movements. The locomotive abilities are: coordination, agility and balance-stability. We must learn to value our physical abilities (it will be very useful for our future life), to warm up and we must pay attention to the execution of the tests in order to assess our physical abilities. We use a personal record card to write the changes in our physical condition and the impact on our health. With the personal record card we can check our habits if they are healthy, if we exercise enough or we should do more physical activity and finally how we have grown up in our last phase of development. VOCABULARY:
basic physics abilities: habilidades fsicas bsicas; endurance: resistencia; aerobic: aerbica; anaerobic; anaerbica; oxygen debt: deuda de oxgeno; Training methods: mtodos de entrenamiento; continuous: contnuos, staggered: fraccionados; flexibility: flexibilidad; joint mobility: movilidad aerticular; muscle elasticity: elasticidad muscular; Ballistic movements: movimientos balsticos; strenght: fuerza; speed: velocidad; translation: traslacin; gestural: gestual; reaction: reaccin; mental: mental; efficiency of the movements: eficacia en los movimientos; locomotive abilities: habilidades motrices; coordination: coordinacin; agility: agilidad; balance-stability: equilibrio-estabilidad;