CALCULUS I MATERI

1Sistem bilangan reel 2.Pertaksamaan 3.Fungsi dan limit 4.~urunan dan aplikasi turunan 5.lntegral dan apUkasi Integral

BUKUACUAN
. 1. "CALCULUS" Dale varberg Edwin J.Purcell .2."Calculus dan Geometri Analitik" Thomas 3.. "Calculus dan Geometri Analitlk" Howard Anton

The Integers and The Rational Numbers 1. N =Natural Numbers: 1,2,3,4,5 . 2. Z= Integers" -3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3 .. 3. Q = Rational numbers p/q,.( p,q are integers and q f:. 0 ) %,-3/4,3/3,7/6 • 4 Ir = The lrational Numbers 5. • R = The real Number • Bilangan reel
.00

• • • •

co

Sifat-sifat 1.Komulatif Law x + y;::: y + x .'2~Associative Law x + (y + z);::: x + y) + z 3.Distributive Law x(y + z);:::xy + xz 4.Identity Elements x + 0 = x x.l = x 5.Invers x.x" = 1
x( -x) = 0

• SIFAT'URUTAN
I.Trichotonyif'x arenwnbem,exactlyoneofthefollowingholds x ( yor x =y or x) y

f.Transitility x(y andy ( z ~x ( z

3.Addition x( y <=> x-i-z (y+z

4.Multipli:ation \}'h:nzpositive x(y <=>xz(yz znegative x( y <=>xz}yz

l:'

r
1.(x-4)4(x+l)(x-6)

>0

• Bagaimana mencari penyelesaian

KETAKSAMAA N
t .Tentuknn himpunan penyelesaian dari

<0

x2-x-2(0 Solution :(,,·2)(><+1){O • Cad titik nol yaitu ; 2 , - t • Gambarkedalamgaris bilangan++++++++ 'x aO-+ (2)(-1)-+ negative • If (pUOt daerah negatif, If ) pitih. daerah positif, 'Th.solution ~1-l<"(2 }

·1-----·--

2 ++++++

• Contoh 2

• Contoh 2a
2.Tenlukanhimpunan penyelesaian dari :>:0

2.Temukanltimpunan (x-l)2(.Hl)(x-2)

penyelesatandar: <0

(x-I)'(x+l}(x-2)

Solution: (x _1)2 selalu pos maka dapat diabaikan tanpa syamt(:>:) ~(x+l)(x-2) :>:0 :=;:.1!tilc oladalah-l,2~ n __ (-1) " _(2) -I _ untuk x;:O=>(+).(-)<O;;;:.+++++ :=;:.(xl-l:>:x:>:2 )
:;;>

Solution:(x-l)' > 0 ifx.d,tidaleberpengamh terhadap pertaksamaan maka dapat diabaikan ~(x+l)(x-2) <0 ~ titilc no! adalah -1,2 => __ (-1 )__

(2)

-I --- •• ----2 +++++++

=>unttlk x ;:O~ (+).(-)<O~+++++

a ----2 +++++++

~ (x /-1 < x < 2 ) dan x .. 1 -11111111111/11/(1)11111111111111/2

3.(x-li(x+l)(x-2)

sO=>thesolution-l:>;xs2

and xe l

2b. (x-l)J(x+2):s:O
(x-4)(x+3) (x-l)2(x-I)(x+2) (x-4)(x+3) (x-4)(x+3) uk nol :1,-2,4,-3 +++++++{-3)-------(-2)+++++1----4+++ -3<x:s::-2atau 1:s::x<4

4.(x-li(x+ 1)(x-2) > O=>(x-l)'(x-l)(x+l}(x-2)

=:> (x-l)(x+ 1)(x-2) > 0

>0

=>

kt2d' b .,--

ta atxan

=>Zeropoint:-l,I,2 => -1

=> (x-l)(x+2):s::0
1 2__

=>Checkeacldnterval x=o=>(-)(+)(-) >0 =>-----(-1)++++++++(1)-------(2}+++++++ =>thesolution isthepositiparea. -l c x-c l or x>2

3.(x-I)l(x+I)(x-2) :0;0;;:) thesolution

-rs x s 2
1)(x-2) > 0

3. (x -1)2 (x + 1)(x - 2) < 0

4.(x-I)~(x+I)(x-2» O;;:)c (x-!)l(x-l)(x+ ;;:)c(x-l)(x+l)(x-2) >0 ;;:)Zeropoint:-1 ,1 ;l ;;:)c __ -1 1 __ 2_ ;;:)Checkeachiuterval x=o=>(-)(+)(-) >0

;;:)-----(-1)++++++++(1)-------(2)+++++++ ;;:)thesoiution isthepositiparea -I-cx ct or x>2

5.Solvetheinequality

t~~~:+2i~:50
neg/pes == neg x pos

Solution: pos/pos == pos x pos ~ penyebuJ

; ~x==O

:: ~ titik nol adalah (-3) ,-2 ,I ,(2)

*0

6.

x-2
x-4

<2

(-)(+) pos selang Ill (-X+)

:~ ~++++++(-3)---[-21++++[1]---(2)++++
~-3<x~-2 or l~x <2

soal2 Tentukansolusi l.x' 3.x .

3

-X~

(x+3) > 5
<0
<0

2.(x2 -5x+6)(x+3)
-

2X2

M Sx

+6 <0

(x.,- 2)

4 (xMl)(x+2)(xM4)

(x-5)(x+6)

\ I

"

x-4 <3 2x+3

Rlngkasan pertaksamaan;

1.( X

X \:~) ~o
2.gambar

~o
ke grs bil

Laari titik nol

=>

3.uji selang 4.pi/ih daerah posumuk: soal~, 5.pilihdaerah

>

neguntuk soal

$, <

"

\,'

R/ngkasan pertaksamaan : 2.(x-ay·.,.pl18DP( X

Ringkasan penaksamoan :

\:~)
¢

3~x-ay·...
a

p.ltR>~I(

X J< 0,50)
'\>O,~O

i_;'

:::>

pkt genap dibuang dg syarat x

:::>{x-a)2(x-a)( :::>(x-a)(

X },pktgnpnyadiabaikan

:::>shgmenjadi(

X ~:~)

X ~:~::~)

:::>

l.ear/filik nol 2.gambar ke grs btl 3.uJIselang 4.pilihdaerahposuntuksoal~.> 5.pilihdaerahneguntuksoal S,<

l.ear; tillk nol 2.gambar ke grs bil

:::> ( 3.ujiselang 4.pi{ihdaerahposunluksoal~.> 5.piJihdaerahnegunluksoaI5,<

,
,:
i'

Ringkasan pertaksamaan :

Ringkasan pertaksamaan:

, 4. ~ ~
,
:

W 0.: 0)
>0,_0

=> titik penyebut "

,

5·n<aatau>a.~a,sa :::> ubah menjadi ~ ~+a <: 0

()

l.cari titik nol

:::> samakan penyebutnya

l.eari tlttk nol 2.gambar :::> kegrsbil

2.gambar Ire grs bil ;::::> l 3.uji selang 4.pilih daerah pos untuk soal ~, > 5.pilih daerah neguntuk soal s,<

3.uji selang
4.pilih daerah pos untuk soal 5.pilihdaerah

e,>

pos untuk soal S, <

NILAI MUTLAK
Nilai mutlak

jx2_sx+61(x

2 -2

5X+6

,x

-:X+6~

0 ....(1)

IAI=

A ,jika A~O ( ~A.jika A<O

-(x -5x+6).x. (1)::::> (x - 2)(x - 3);;; 0

-5x+6<O .....(2)

Sifat 2 dari nilai mutlak

11111112 - - - - - 3/1111111 (2)~ ++++21111/11/111/3+++++

qABI = IAIIBI 3·IA+BI siAl + IBI

21~ -11 'BI-IBI 4~A-BI ~IAI-IBI

\~

§ i ~ -:% ~}jc~i· ...

. ' ~===t¥ 1I

///////////111111 t\~==
~
X

12x~41 < 8
¢:>

Contohl

-8 <2x - 4 < 8
-4 < 2x < 12

\~

ft. ~}j(~9\

> a>a

I/11//11111 Ir====a/IIIIIIIIIIIIII =

¢:>

<=> -2 < x < 6

1. 13x-2 < 5 .2. 14x-5! > 6

I

Tentukan hp dr :

t'
r
\

(x -5x+6)(x+2)\x+l)::;O

14x-Sl > 6

(x-4Xx+5) rex - 3)2 (x' - x) > 0

\ 5

.-

c,

....................-6 ....................6............... 14x-51>6 :::;. 4x-5 < -6 atau4x-5 > 6 :::;.4x<-1 atau4x>11
h~'

=:-x<-- atau x>4 '4

11

14x-71 >13
¢:)

Contoh 2

4x-7 <-13 or 4x - 7 > 13 ¢:) 4x < - 6 4x > 20 <=> x < - 6/4 or x > 5

"

Contoh 3

1~1<2 x+2 x-2 <=>:-2<--<2<=> x+2 x~2 x-2 I -->-2 dan IT --<2 x+2 x+2 <=> he solution I T IT

,;

x-2 x+2 x-2 --+ 2 (x+2) > 0 <=> x-2+2x+4 > 0 -x+2 x+2 x+2 3x+2 ' =>--> O=>ttk nol x=-2/3 .x=-2 x+2 #########(-2) -----(-2/3)########
I -->-2

'"",..------------------,
JJ!!.:1.-2

x+2
~ -x-6.;0

x+2 <o~ ...2-2x-4 x+2 x+2

<0

x+2
lillf, norx=-6,x=-2 11

2 .Cari
(-2)1#1111111#####11##11# (-213)U###

himpunan

####I1#####IIIIIIII#(-u)

11l###II##fI###II##iI######II###II####(-2)----{-213)f1.1I#1I1I

3 - 2x ] 2+x

I~

penyelesai

an dari

J n11##############(--6)
Hf

x-c-e

ata«

x >-213

,'2 .Cari
, .[,

himpunan

penyelesai

an dari

Tentukan solusi dibawah ini

i'"'- 4
I:

L I f

13

- 2 x I_"4 2 + x '" 3 - 2x
2+
;S;

, r,1 => - 4

S4

t
r.
1 ,.

3-2x
2+x

atau

3-2x~_4
2+x

f II
-:~
,

=> 3 - 2 x ~ 4
2

+x

i'.· solusi f
f

II

2·lx+21< Ixl+4 3 IX+21< Ixl-l 4·lxl + Ix + 11 5.x -Ixl < 2 6·lxl+ Ix-2!<6 7.!2x-l!+!x-21 >3 g~x+21<Ixl-l
2

qx2 -41xl + 31

~.'.
,"t;,~.------------------, i -Tentukan solusi dibawah ini

r~
.I

6~xl+ IX-21<6 => Ixl/X ,x~O

1

Tentukan solusi dibawah ini 6·lx + =>

l Ix- 21 < 6
-x,x<O
X-2 0

\-x ,x<O
X-2 -(x-2) 0 2.0Sx<2 x~2

.lxl(X ,x;;::

=>!x-2! ( •·

x<2
_..•2 ..

:::}lx-21 ( -(x-2)
. 1. x<O 0

x~2 x<2 2 3.x;;O:2 ..

ujiselang:

l.x<O

2.0:Sx< 2

,\,

, . Tentukan solusi dibawah ini

6~x! + !x-2!<6
1

Ix!(XJlmUkX~O -XJlIlIJlkx<O X-2 un,uk x~ 2 ( !X-2!_(X_2)lmIUkx<2

1IIIhoi .." "

0,2
0 "." .."2"." ".."" ,,

IUjl x<O~!:cj + !.\'-21<6 menjdl -x-.\'+2 <6

_2x<4)~
x>-2
ke.lmpulan

.......................... "...0
...." -2"."." "."." .."
: IrlsQllnya

" "" 2 -e x <: 0

10/8/2011

FUNCTION
i'l. •
Definition of function • Funcyion f :A ~ is a rule of corepondence • That associates with each obyect x,inAcalled the domain a single valuef(x) in B • The set of values called is range
.;c_x __ ~(x)

. i: r--r-. --E-x-am-pl-e-F-n-o-t--fu-n-c--tio-n----------,,-,
Function 1-1 (injective) (x '# y --+ f(x) f. fey) example :y = X2 ~o
I

fi :",

• Fs one to one

r;-

~
>O(l<)
',

'------'

• Example fs one to one • :y =x2 ,)(20 Surjective function f A ~ B if B

= R (f)

• :y:::

X2

not one to one

Ex. 1.f(x) = sin x ... no suriectlve

2.f(x)

example :y = x> , x l!: 0

= X2

)"...'... ,
~ x

••••••••

no surjective f(x)

3.t. R -)0 [2,00) su~ective

= (~x':+2X + 4 ) is

Domain y=x2 ,.. (0,")

10/8/2011

• :y = x_2 not one to one Partial Catalog of function l.y = x is linier function, the graph is straight line

2.y == ax2 + bx +c(quadratiqfunction)is parabola

3 .Rational Function .
n

itx) == polinomfal
polinomial

0.0

+ all_Ix II_I ......... a1x+o . I anx o PoIi tnomta == 1 .. h"x" + hn_1x"- ........ hlx+ho
4.Constant junction

• y = X is straight line • y = X + 1 (y=x translation

•y

1) 2)

= x - 2 (y=x translatiqn!

The graph of function

//

... ...-

,...

= ax
=~

+ bx + c (quadratic! unction )is parabola

y~,,' -2x-i¢>y
¢> lranslatlon

.. (x-l)'-2

to Ihe right ~ ipoint .translation to down ,j. 2 point

10/8/2011

3 .Sketch

==

Ix I

• Y=x • The curva negative reflection to x ordinat

Invers functions
I
I

4.y

= 1/ X,x

.,:0

lnvers of funcnon let f :A ~ B Is aone

10 onefuncuon

=>

g:B-,> A .(fag)x<=/(g(x}=x;s

called invers functton

tonetoone-« R(f)=D(F'»

Example!:J(x)'" y= 3x + 4 FindF'(X)? solld/on:y'" 3x + 4 (y=J{x)-4changed

X=

Example2: f(x)=
10 X=

Y=X2

+1.0 S X < 00

J(y»

Find I-I (x) ? y=x2 +1 =>X2 =y-l=:} x :.j-l(x)=+.Jx-I

-3= X~3

y-4

.change x..,.. J (x) ami

y~.t

= ±~Y-l
(OSx<oo)

i.

rex)

r;

t
\

!
I
I

10/8/2011
i
C

~"r--------------------------Examp/e3:f(x)=x -2x+3 ..(x z l)

2

Find 1-1 (x) ?

Y=X2 -2x+3=> y::::(x-1)2 +2 =>(x-1)2 == y-2
!; . f'

• ~. Diketahui ; f{x)

x2 - 3x - 2 dan g(x)

•
Tentukan : 0 (fog) ,O(gof)

=>(x-l)=±~y-2 =>x=1±.Jy-2

,f(g(x» ,g(f(x)

:.1-1 (x) =1 + .Jx-2

',.'

':,

10/8/2011

, s. il

':.1
I~

Definisi turunan Turunan dari fungsi

I adalah I' disuatu tttik

'I·

TURUNAN

adalah f" (c) = Iimit l(c+hJ- fCc) h_,o h terbukti jika lim it ada

t.
1,

EXltiilplel:lel!(x)=2x+2 find f'(4),/,(xo)

Example 1: letf( x)=2x + 2 atau secara rumus umum f (x) = 2

Solution;
,
"

.'a.F'(4)=Umit I(x+ h)-/(x)

,:'.

h~O

" :: ~ Iimitl(4+h)h~O

1(4) =>limit 2(4+h)+2-10 h .... O h

, ,'ih 2 ', . => IImll - == secarateoridiatas

h .... O

.'

Examp/e2 letf(x)=x2 .find f'(x)

h~O

Solutionr» F'(x) = lim it f(x+h)

~

- f(x)

, 't(X+h)l_Xl I Iffil h_,O h

=>

I'. x2+2xh+h1-X2 Imlt----h.... O h

~ limith(2x+ h) h ....O h

=;; Jimit2x+ h=2x

h->O

10/8/2011

:f ,H',;r-----------------~

;:i:·;1

:,;V

I, Example3

,t:
~~:

ietj(x)",,-sinx,jind j'(x) F'()x

h_ ...

BASE FORMULA DERlV ATIVE

:::>

= 1m

l' i,j(x+h)-j(x)
h ... O

l' . sin(x+h)-sinx lmll-"'-----'--h->l)

l.y==x" 2.y=e
x

dyl dx= nx"-I dyldx= eX dyldx=cosx dyldx=-sinx dyl dx=sec2 x dyldx=-cosec2x dyldx=secxtgx

:::>Iimit ~iii;:teas It + Cbsxslii h 0,

-It

sin x

3.y=sinx -4y-=.cosx 5,y=tgx 6,y=clgx 7.y=secx

~I ID111--'----'~--h... O

, ,sin.t(cosh-])+cosxsinh

It

,,~ sinx(O)

+ cos x
sinx

:::: os x c =1

I:"
I)~.'

,,

(notes:xlimit .... 0

' 'tl-cosx llml---= 0)

x...

",I:'
Ii:

1j'-7,.y=cO!lecx 19.y=arclgx

dyl dx=-cosecxcotgx

f.:~8..v';ln~ 1,:;::',
p.'.;'-

dyldX= I1x
dy t dx .. 11(1 +x')

Jikau=f(x) l.y=Un 2.y=eu 3:y=sinU 4.y=lgU 5.y=ctgU 6.y=:secU dyldx= nUn-I.v' dyl dx= eU .U' -dyldx=cosU Ll'

?/'to,y=arcctgx ":_,11.y= arc sin x l;::12.y=arccos x

{' :i3.Y:oiarcse<lx
~r I.;'

dyldx=-l/(l+xi) dyldx=1I~(l-x2) dyldx=-lI~(1-r) dyJdx= 1 x~(x'-l)

dy! dx=sec U
dyldx=-cosec U dyldx=secUtgU
2

.u'
U' U'

'h',=cosecU

dyldx=-cosecUcotgU dyJdx= 1/U

-(/yl <b;=l/(l

U' Theorema:
IjJkafdangsuatujlsyangdapatdideifereruJalkfm

[y=lnU
~;~?:QJ;'clgU

v'
U' U'

+U2)-U'

~r'

:6.)'"

=arcctell

~hy'!"ariJsmU

..

dyldx=-1J(1+U2) dylil:i=lJ~(l-U2) dyl dx=-U J(l-U2) dyl dx» dyldJc

1

(L)' (x) _ g(x)f'(x)-g'(x)f(x) g g(X)2

(f.g)x = g(x)f'(x)+

g(x) .. O~

~)l;arccos'u
~.y=arcsecU
~~ ·;;L

-,j'
U'

U)' 'VU'-W' or ( V =-v-2-2. Jikafdang-suatu jIs yangdapatdide,UerensJolkan g'(x)f(x)

UJ(U'-l)
-1

:!y=arccosecU "~.

U'

(UV)' .. U'V + UV'

U~(U'-l)

t\ t

',';:

~:J,:

'.'

1018/2011

i,'

"~~--------------------------~ lq:~:I:
I

. ~ir" :1 Derivative
W:;
::c

dengan pangkat fungsi

Exercise find y'!!!!

Soal:y=5x•

I ..y = XX

i Jawah:y;:5x:
; a.1ny
'=,

In 5x

lny == x In 5

2 ..1 = (sin x)'?"

'=

I!

diturunkan

JJ.!.. y' :::Lln 5 => y'

v
=> y';::: 5x ln5

y.ln5

3.y

= XXX

4.y=(x2 -5x +7 )3x-4

, ~/Exercise find y '!!!!

:, ~~ ..
i
./.. ,,.

i>1 y-=:- XX
~ ':
:

..

Exercise find i!!!!

2,y-:;;.

(sinx)cos.:r

.'!tlny =x lnx =:;. U.V

~, 1

lny :::In(sinx)COSX

.~:,-- = Ilnx+xy'

lny ::: cosx In(sin..x)_ -uv 11 -y'::: -sinx In(sinx)+cosx

y Y'::: (sinx)'?"

cosx -,SlOX

cos'' X (-sinx In(sin x) +--;--)

smx

, ii

~,;

,"'.

Exercl .. jind y'UIl 4.1ny=(3x-4)1n(r2 -5x + 7)

.!.y'= (3)In(x2-SX
;y
:Y'=C.Jl-S.<+7) ....

2x-~ +7)+(3x-4}-, -

(x--s:r+7

(3)ln(.Jl-S.r+7 } +(3.. -4) x2-Sr +7

2"-S)

10/8/2011

• 4..Tentukan: dy/dx jika diketahui • y =: (2x-1 )sin 2x + en (3x2 + 2x + 5)

2.TURUNAN
y= arctg x

DARI FUNGSI INVERS

= Ig Y

r= .... ?
1

y=arctg x <::> x
<::>1"" 2

sec y. y' =>y' =-2sec y

CONTOH1.
y=arctg(x2+1) subtitution U =( x2 sketch tg Y = x --sec y '" 1+x2 y =arclgU y'= .... ?

+ 1)
I+U2 U' 1 2

<::>Y'.. -- 1

~Y

= arc tg(x 2 +1)

1+( x +1)

2 (2x)

'.:

.~-;'

• catatan:
·SiriN;b/a CosA=c/a SaGA =1/cosA=afc CosecA= 1/sinA= alb
b

~d~k~
1\'.Y=arcsinx -; lb. y =arc sinJX
.. ~i:- -;
\~,'

TgA=b/e
CgA=clb

i~.Y=,",csecx
;

-7

2b

y=arcsec

(X3/2

-x+ 1)

4.

10/8/2011

c,·

• Sketch x
..... .

= sln y
1=cosy y'

. "Q'. '/utiQn
'1

gambar

. )':=arcs~nx <=>x==siny/

. -diturunkane» 1=cos.y y'

=>y'=:;

1 cosy

·.Jl-x

= 1/cosy Y' = 1/{"~1-x~ )

y'
2

solutions

solutionlb y=arcsin U => =>y'=

::=}

y=arccosx => x =cos j/ =>-1=-sinyy' 1 -1 :::::}= - -. y'

1
,JI-U2

U' 1I2X-1/2

Y'=

~1_JX2
.JI-X

sm y

.Jl-x2

=> Y'=

1I2X-I12

Solution 2 ..
So[ution1b

y=arcsecx -:::>x=secy
=::> 1=secy tgy y' 1 :::::>y'=--= secytgy 2by=arcsec :::::>Y'
(X3/2

···.·anothel'· solution Ib •. '

r :'

'.

=>'-X-

Y =arc sin.JX => .JX 1 1I

. .2 1

= sin y

1 XVXl -1 ,:",x-lol,=y=arcsecU U'

1·;COS:y.y'::::}y'=-x )

I
2

-1/2

(--

1) . cosy

: => .!..X-"1(
'. 2

~1_.JX2

U.JU1-1

10/8/2011

2b y::::::arcsec (X2) =>Y'~

c.

2b y=arcsec

(X

3/2

-x+l)
U'

.U.JUL~l
2x

V'

::::>Y'=

1 U.JU2 -1

=> y'::::::---;=====
(X2)~«X2))2

-1

::::>.y=~----~~========= 3/2
I

1 2 1(3/2x -1)

_x+l~(x3/2

-x+l)2-1

exercise: find y'

X=secy 1=sec .y. tgy .y' Y'= 1/(secy.ttw) Y' 1/(xNxa-1))

l.y=~

l.y:= esinx .(x3)

3.y:: 2x.lnx.secx 4.y :: In (3x3
S.y:: e2x-3
-

Notes: Sec·y=1/tQsy.

Sx + 2)

exercise: find y' l.y::

~X2

cosx
. .+ hi- 4 x

2 .y=e

3xl +4.1'-5+

3.y:: .sec3x - 4tg(7x2

5)

10/8/2011

FUNGSI EKSPLISIT : y=f(x)

Coruoh:

differen"tiatron

l.y~" sin x+ x-7xi

2.y=x3 + 4x2 -7x+ 7 3.~y=ex -lnx+5 1,2,3 adalah fungst ekspllsit

Derivative dar; jUngsi implicit

imp/Isit adalajimgslf(x,y)~O,dimana y= I(x)

1.

! y2 - 5x + 2 = 0

=> (u'v+uv')-5+0=
:::::::>ly2 +x.2y'y'-5=O =::> 2xy.y'= _ly2 +5 :::::::>yr _ly2 2xy

Uv

+5

u. "~ '+nUn-1U'-"4(u' v+uv') + (S,x)'=o ""'+IIV'

10/8/2011

""".1·-""'x2-7Y",0 .~sinUU'+2x-14y'v'=: 0 +Ky)+2x-14.v.v'

2

2.sin xy+ y3 - 4xy+5x

",Q

=0

.sinxy+ y3 -4xy+5x=O 2x

,'-l4.v.v' == sin~y(2xy)-

Qr::

.""sinx2;YX~:-14)')=: sinx y(2.t)')- 2x

-.!!!ff.___",_c -- ----r

os U •U' + n Un-IU '-4(u'v+uv')+(5x)'=O

,_ sin;2y(Zxy)-2x
- (-sin~J«2

-14,)

~ C;Q~(zy)(ly+ xy')
=:}

+ 3y2y'-4(ly + zy') + $=Q

-5+4yycos(xy)

Y'(cOS(xy)x-4x+3y2)::;:

=> y';:: -5+4y- ycos(xy)

. (cos(xy)x-4x+3y~)

~4:XY= O;y' =,,? "'(ly+xy,-4(ly+xy')=O )'+xy'~XJ' -4y-4xy'=O xy'eXy-4xy' =

Igxy2 +X')'2 -e' +7),,,,

-e y+4y
XY

+x2Y.l")+{2zy2 +x'2.Y.V'J-e· +7;0'''' 0 set? '-:ll(IY) + sec' xy' (x2»") + (2xy2+x'2.»')-e' +7y'". 0 sec'l xy·(x2;v.v')+.r2;v.v'+7y'=o-sec' xy'(lY')_2xy2 +e' y'(sec' xy'(x2y)+r2y+7)=o-sec' , -sec' xY(ly')-2xy'+e" yo, (sec' xy'(x2y)+ x'2y + 7) XY'(ly')-2xr+e'

~ilcf~{I.v2

"'(xeXJ' ","4x) = =eXJ'y T 4 y

•.'= "'-eXJ'(y)+4y
. eXYx-4x

GARIS SlNGGUNG

DAN GARIS NORMAL

DITITIKP => PERSAMAAN GARIS SJNGG(JNG: y=.f'(x)x+n or y=mx+n

APERSAMAAN GARIS SINGGUNG B.Limit (th.L'Hospital)

C.maxlma minima

=> m=slopeof tg line =:

y' Ip

10/8/2011

The ""Molrln.

;:1;>

(mtg),(mnormal).;::-] mnorma/",,-lI(m oftgline)

;:1;>

m normal, m 19 = -1

SOAL: lCarl persamaan garis sin ggung Y:!X2 +2x+2 at the pointP damana garis sin ggung tersebu: .1tegak lurus dengan garis :2x-6y+5:!O 2.Carl persamaan garissin ggung dan garis normal
10

·2x2y+

y2

+5xy = Sat thepointP(l,l)

the curva Y'" x 3 atapointP(l,l)

4.Diketahui

y '"

(tgx + xY car;

y'::: •..•

::;:.Iny == xln(tgx
<r

+ x)
2

- 1. y' "" Hn(ten- + x) + x (tgx 1+ x) (sec ."..,.y

::;:. y';:: tex
<7"'

x + 1)
X"T

'f X

Y[l1n(tgx

T
.

x) 'f x

1 (sec2 (lgx+X)

1)]

10/8/2011

Yheorema L'Hospila/:

if

. f(x) g(x)

= '0 or

;;.maka

00

pembilang dan penyebut

. Theorerna L'hospltal

diturunkan secaraterpisah maka lim f(x) g(x)

= lim f'(x)

gl(X)

Notes:l'x1g'x no! UN

Exampl.2 lim\'1

.... U;;-2

x -I

...,IUI/"",

o)

"""""",!i!.,..;,;.-4)

, ,4x-4 unlt I X-402 1

Example3
limit sinx =
x'40

Example

4 3x f'x s'x
:::-

..fX.

solution: limit sinx ... Q.~ x~o.JX 0

limJt f' x ~O g'x

limy x~ x~o
x~o

sin 2x + tan x

lim it --=
COtSX

= limit
X~(}

ll

un It

(2Tx)

. 2 cos 2 x + sec 3

:;::: 1

limit 2.,JX.cosx = 0.1=0

x~o

.. sinx :. ]Imlt x~o 'IX

---c .. 0

Cos 0=1 SlnO=O Secx=1/oosx

t
"

10

10/8/2011

>,,'

,J.JlU.l.U

limit ':;rllis =00 x-+«> x+ lnx 00 , , . f'x l' . 1.1nx+x.1I x 11-- == un it == g'x x-+oo 1+11 x 'Llnx+] 00 1+1/x
~----::::

limit _1 1_=00_00 ......1 Inx x-I Pr oceed torewrite functtonas a fraction towlch L' Hos la/rule aplicable; limit x-l- nx =Q _I Inx(x-l) 0 limuf'x ""limit 1-lIx ... 1 g'x ...... (x-l)/x+ 1 lnx limitJ'x = limit
.... 1

Examp/e6

",Q
0

s»

.r-ool

l/x' IIx' +l/x

=_1_= 1/2 1+1

Exercise: 'Example?:
" x--¥-o

limit (1+x)lIx
=::;>

lety::(l+xjlfx

Iny=ln(J x)l/x +
00 00 Note. XD!n.'

x 1.Iml ./ --1· 2 limit

x-47r/2

2 9' 10
(tanx)cosx

x-t«>6x2+2

,lny'" l/xln(1
.,:'.
• >

+x)

Iny=lImrt--==',' 'x~,'x

. . 1n(l+x)
1

'~~:: =1~ 1~.T =l~l~X

Illy =O¢>lny= <=>y=1

3.hmtt x-+aax_xa

. .0-aa

=0

tnt

4'~/6[.';b' J"

lim it ~2X2 + 3x-.fix

x-too

11

1018/2011

limit X I-x
x~l

Oiketahul : y=x3-3X~"'6 Tllntukan adlmana fs nalk lIurun

makslmumlrn1n1mum

b.dlman8

c.gamllar grafik

--

Intgx

secx

-:;;:>
QO

<0

hmit X-'I>;r12 secxlgx limiJ X-'I>trl2

t;;;; . ---== limit

~=.Q=o.
sinl x 1

sec2x

secx -x-v« 12 tg2 x

MAXIMA AND' MINIMA

_,_l_~*,

2~

cosx sin2 x

if fiscontinousonacJosedinterval[a.bl
then f afttain s both a max value and a min imumvalue
jikaf(c)'i?: !(x)lIntuksetiapxdalam

if f tscontinousonan

U""''''''.''''J on S fika if l(c)5, f(x)forall

I. "·rl"'"."",,I.... o 1OilS If II is ihelnaximllnllllliu8ortJ\em,inlmumva/u8

xinS

openinterval(ab) then f may have a max value or a min imum value or nohave bothof them

12

10/8/2011

• F(x)==x2, xE(-1,2)

(open Interval)~

• fmin=O, • fhas no max

==11x ,XE (O,1)-7(Open Critical point theorem a Let foe defined on in int erval I containing the po int C if j(c) is an extrem va/ueJhe c must be a ontica; point
thatis either cis:

ianend jXlintoj I
~1.1

ii astationary po int of j(f'(c)

= 0)

tiiasin gular po int (f'(c) no exist)

Solution: I.find P(x) 2.Setf' (x) =0, obtaining critical po int s 3 Used the first dertvaitveto detr min ewhether

.. he t

max value and the min valueof

-3x

f(x)increasing(j'(x»O) or f(x)decreasing (f'(x) <0 to detrmin e 4.used thesecond derivaitvetest whether the critical pointsmax

2X2

(f"< 0)

or the critical point s min(f"> 0)

13

1018/2011

step:
l./'(x) =4x-3 is

2.j'(x) ==:'0 => 4x"':3 "'" => x =3/4 0 3 .------3/4+++++++ 4.[ decreasin ~ x < 3/4 ! increasing x>3/4 5 oX
::

3/4 subtitute to original equation

448 Therefore ,the minimum at x ==314,y

!(x)=y=u -3x=> y=2(~Y -3(~)=~2.

= -9/8

example 2
Where are max ima I min ima ? y=x3(-oo<x<tQ) $OIUliOn,dyl dt:=;3~~ =0 =* Xl2 =;; O(Cl'iticmlptlifit y'>O:::::) f(x)lncreasing y'<O:::::) decreasing

".:'_:Jex~»1f;1~3"
">]Wii~ktlrethemaximaorminimaof "'f
'!,':;::'-;:~:<:;'~~-'::;:\:-;,"3"'_':""'-1.",

'r,

",

':',:Sol;;ti;!l:jl~:dyldx'>;;;9xl +4>;;. 0 =>x

. '

~3x~1x+7

c,;

~.-4/9

have no max and min lma

'j

~·,;;'i-d.±4-4/9 ::± 2i (not real roots) 3

."/"""".,.".,

'··'ji'liO$.lii:dlheidmaxhorii ritin

solution2

. y'!:
!

exercise: \ Find themax ima and min ima of: ;l.f(x)~ 2x3 -3x2 -12x+13 Ii

(x2-4)O-4(2x)=_~~o (x2

-4f

(x2 _4)2 -

=> X"
' ....y '"
'i,'"

,"bJloorigl"'"f.

Y =-1 -4)2x

(x2 -4)'S-Sx.2{x2
{x2 _4)4

::2.y =-2 -,andtracethecurva :! x-4 r 3

!j3.y == x
-

/Or x ",,0 .used test thesec ond dertvativel

xintheint erval from x

= -ltox

=2

".<.,.' .

'J/"'c'

.,',;' ···'·«W -4iS-S(O).2W

(-1 -4)
'2' 4

-4)2(0)

.,Y"",·neg=>yni8X-il1tuin
=>crilical
po

atx=O

int is (O.-l),y max = -1 ....... nex:

14

10/8/2011

X2 _

4 IS undefined for thevalue of X = 2.-2

y== ±ooforx =2.x=-2

APPLIED PROBLEM
IN MAXIMA AND MINIMA

• Example 1 Find two positif numbers, the sum of which is 20

• solution • If one number is x ,another number is(20X) • V= x(20-x} = 20x ~ X2 • V' =20-2x==O x=10

• Their product is =x(20-x)

And their product is as large as posible

• X=10 ,y=20.10-10Q=100 (maximin) • Used test second derivative:flnd y" • Y"=-2 (always negatif) • Therfore x=10 is maximum

example 2 a piece of wire 20 inches long is cut and made recangular frame. What dim ens ions should be chosen so the area of recangle enclosedis max imal??

Exoercise: 1In a given semi circle of radius 2,

in which a rec tan gle is to be inscribed, what are the dim ensions for max imum area of rec tan gle
J

15

10/8/2011

2.A right circularcylinder is to be inscribed in sphere of radius a. Find the dimension for max imumvolume
Rarliu. 01 cyUndom??

3.Asheetof copperwhichis20inchi. on side is to be made in to a box of max lmum volume .Calculate the size of the square which should be cut of the corners

~ =... 111

scal
Pl1JH

S 80<11 .a)6

Learl HPd,: (X-1l'(x-;x,aS)

r-

sO

2.ganrMr jimgxl:), = -.' +2.<+4

3.cnrldOlilain

Y =~

4.Cari y' dart, a.y=arclg~ b.. "" +sin2.<+J;V' ~O S.Tentukmpcrs_ gari'singgwrg y~x'dililik (1.1) 6.Cari y' dDrl : y~(sirtx)"

16