EXAMEN TEMA 1: ELS NOMBRES REALS

(11-10-2011)

NOM: _________________________________________________________________
1 Classifica els nombres segents:

!
51 3
!5 4
, !27 , 7 , 1, 6 , ! ,
, 81 , !5
17
7
N:

Z:

Q:
I:

51 4
81
17 ,
51 4
81 , !5 , 3 !27
17 ,
! !5
51 4
81 , !5 , 3 !27 , 1, 6 ,
17 ,
7

7 ,!

2 Expressa en forma dinterval i com a conjunt els nombres que compleixen aquestes
expressions:
a) x + 2 > 9 ! x + 2 < "9

x + 2 > 9 ! x < "11 x > 7

I = ( !", !11) # ( 7, +" )

{ x !" / x < #11} $ { x !" / x > 7}
b) 3x ! 27 " #27 ! 3x ! 27 " #9 ! x ! 9

I = [ !9, 9 ]
{ x !" / #9 $ x $ 9}

3 Racionalitza i simplifica sempre que siga posible:

a)

22
22
2 5 " 3 22(2 5 " 3)
=
!
=
=
20 " 9
2 5 +3 2 5 +3 2 5 "3
=

b)

22(2 5 " 3)
= 2(2 5 " 3) = 4 5 " 6
11

3 6 + 2 2 3 6 + 2 2 3 3 " 2 9 18 " 6 6 + 6 6 " 4 2

=
!
=
=
27 " 4
3 3+2
3 3+2 3 3"2
=

9 18 " 4 2 27 2 " 4 2 23 2
=
=
= 2
23
23
23

4 Simplifica:

4 72 ! 2 200 ! 3 18 + 3 98 =
a)

= 4 2 3 "32 ! 2 2 3 " 52 ! 3 2 "32 + 3 2 " 72 =

= 4 "3" 2 2 ! 2 " 2 " 5 2 ! 3"3 2 + 3" 7 2 =
= 24 2 ! 20 2 ! 9 2 + 21 2 = 16 2
2x 2 y 4 ! 5 24xy 3 = 2x 2 y 4 ! 5 2 3 !3! xy 3 =

b) = 10 2 5 x10 y 20 ! 10 2 6 !32 ! x 2 y 6 =

= 10 211 !32 ! x12 y 26 = 2xy 2 10 2 !32 ! x 2 y 6 = 2xy 2 10 18x 2 y 6

5 Calcula el valor de x:
a)

log3 x = !3 " x = 3!3 =

1
1
=
3
3
27

b)

log x =

log81
+ 2 ! log 5 " log15 # log x = log 81 + log 52 " log15 #
2

# log x = log 9 + log 25 " log15 # log x = log(9 ! 25) " log15 #
9 ! 25
$ 9 ! 25 '
# log x = log &
#x=
= 15
)
% 15 (
15

c)
x

125
125
" 45 %
" 45 %
" 45 %
" 125 %
4, 5 = 0,125 ! $ ' =
! log $ ' = log
! x ( log $ ' = log $
!
# 10 &
# 10 &
# 10 &
# 1000 '&
1000
1000
x

" 125 %
log $
# 1000 '& log125 ) log1000 log125 ) 3
!x=
=
=
" 45 %
log 45 ) log10
log 45 )1
log $ '
# 10 &

6 Sabent que log k = 1, 5 , calcula el valor d'aquestes expressions:

k2
= log k 2 ! log100 = 2 " log k ! log100 = 2 "1, 5 ! 2 = 1
a) log
100
! 1$
log # 2 &
" k % log1 ' log k 2 log1 ' 2 ( log k 0 ' 2 (1, 5
1
3
=
=
=
=
= '1
b) log
k2
3
3
3
3

2
2
c) log 0, 01! k = log 0, 01 + log k = log 0, 01 + 2 ! log k = "2 + 2 !1, 5 = 1

7 Sabent que log 7 A = 1, 5 i log 7 B = 5 , calcula :

log 7 3

! A2 $
log 7 #
" 49B &% log 7 A 2 ' log 7 ( 49B )
A2
=
=
=
49B
3
3

log 7 A 2 ' ( log 7 49 + log 7 B ) 2 ( log 7 A ' ( log 7 49 + log 7 B )

=
=
3
3

2 (1, 5 ' ( 2 + 5) 3 ' 7 '4

=
=
3
3
3

log
8 Demostra que

1
+ log 3 a 2
2
a4
= ! ( sent a ! 1 ).
5
log a
3

1
log a 2
2 " log a
4
3 2
log 4 + log a
log1 ! log a +
0 ! 4 " log a +
a
3 =
3
=
=
log a 5
5" log a
5" log a
12 " log a 2 " log a
10 " log a
+
!
!10 " log a !10 !2
3
3
3
=
=
=
=
=
5" log a
5" log a
3" 5" log a
15
3
!

(2 Punts)

(2 Punts)