1

(OH)

.:

C OH

(CnH2n+2 )
.(OH)

(C2H5OH )
(C2H6).

(CnH2n).(CnH2n2 )

H
H C C C OH

H C C C OH
H

CH2OH

(C6H5 )
) .(Phnol

(CnH2n)
OH

.(OH)

CH

:
).(

CH2

H2C

CH2

H2C
C
H2

(Monoalcools )
(OH).
(Dialcools )(Glycool )
(Trialcools).(Glycrol )
H H
H C C H
OHOH

C H

H C

OH OH OH

:
.Alcanols:
CnH2n+1OH

ROH

(R).

:.

(U.I.C.P.A ):
.
.

H H H H

H C C C C H
H H OH H

: 2 : 3
H CH3 H H

H C C C C H
H CH3OH H

: 3 3 2
: 2 2 3

(OH) .
3

H H H H

H H H

H C C C OH

H C C C C OH

H CH3H

H H H H

2 1

(OH).

H H H H

H H H H

H C C C C H

H C C C C OH

H H OH H

H H H H

5
:

.:
:.
:.
:.

H
R C OH

R'
R C OH

H
4

'R
R C OH
R''


(CH3OH) .

6
)(.(C11 )
)
.( 1
88,5 78
.
:65 ) (
97 )1(78 )(117,7 ) 2.(
:
CH2 CH2 CH2 OH) 1

117,7 :( CH3

108 : ( CH3 CH CH2 OH) 1

CH3

.
CO 143 .

11210 =
OH 96 .

COH 105

H
5

105

8

RO:
+

( R O , Na ) + 1 H2

R OH + Na

.
:1

.
:2
)(
:
+

( Na , OH ) + 1 H2
2

Na + H2O

:
R CH CH2 + H2O

R CH CH3
OH

: (Markownikoff )
(OH)

()
CH2 CH CH3
1.2

2 1

.2

:
H2O+CnH2n

140) (H2SO4

H2O+CnH2n

400) (Al2O3

CnH2n+1OH
CnH2n+1OH

22
%20

H2O + CH3 CH2 C CH2

OH

CH3

CH3 CH2 C CH3

CH3

%80

H2O + CH3 CH C CH3

CH3

:
H2O + R O R
H2O + R O R

250) (Al2O3
140)(H2SO

R OH + R OH
R OH + R OH

).(
:

ROH+HX RX+H2O

OH

RCOOH+ROH

RCOOR+H2O

H
OH

9
)(

3n
O2
nCO2 + (n+1)H2O
2

CnH2n+1OH +

.
8

 :
)(

).(

):(
)(
).(
O

1
O
2 2

CH3 C H + H2O

CH3 CH2 OH +

O
CH3 C H + 1 O2
2

CH3 C OH

300
.
):(
O

CH3 C H + H2

Cu

CH3 CH2 OH

)2:(
O

CH3 C CH3 + H2

Cu

CH3 CH CH3
OH

 : .

:
(K+ ,MnO4).(2K+ Cr2O72)

) (MnO4

) (Mn2+

) ) (Cr2O72 (Cr3+

:1
( 3
4/:
Mn2+/MnO4 C2H6O/C2H4O

:
:

2 (MnO4 +5e +8H3O+

Mn2+ +12H2O)

5 (C2H6O +2H2O
C2H4O+2H3O+ +2e )

:
2MnO4 +6H3O+ +5C2H6O
2Mn2+ +5C2H4O+14H2O

10

..
( 110
.
:
4(MnO4 + 5e +8H3O+
Mn2+ + 12H2O)
5(C2H6O + 5H2O
C2H4O2 + 4H3O+ +4e )

:
4MnO4 + 12H3O+ +5C2H6O
4Mn2+ +5C2H4O+23H2O

++

:2 2 .
)/(:
Cr+/ Cr2O72 CH3CHOHCH3 /CH3COCH3

Cr2O72 +6e +14H3O+ 2Cr3+ +21H2O

3(CH3CHOHCH3 +2H2O CH3COCH3 +2H3O+ +2e )

:
Cr2O72 +3CH3CHOHCH3 +8H3O+ 2Cr3+ +3CH3COCH3+15H2O

.
11