2006 jo*kwf 15

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 2006 jo*kwf 15
ordik ;f pmrsufESm

8888 'Dru dk a&pDta&;awmfyt kH wGi;f ay:xGuv f mcJ=h uaom vlxak cgi;f aqmiftcsKd (h tay:qk;H )ESifh
wygwpD eH pf/ ppftm%m±Sipf eH pf qef u h siaf &;wGif yg0ifc=hJ uaom ,leaD zmif;0wftzGJ th pnf;tcsKd h
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 2006 jo*kwf 15

Tpmapmifukd

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0if;atmif(2)/ at;Edik /f aevif;atmif

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w,fvzD ;kH 03-5974-1981/ 090-4532-0568/ 090-6040-8282
zufpf 03-3910-5767/ 03-5952-5790/ 03-3362-1594
tD;ar;vf utzojp@yahoo.co.jp
mghlahan@gmail.com
thaungmyintoo@yahoo.com
maungtut@yahoo.com
drmmhk@yahoo.com

pmrlrsm;ay;ykd &h ef a&$&wk rS pmrlrsm;ukd }udKqkv

d su±f ydS gonf
#101 'Dru dk a&pDpeH pf awG;ac:usio hf ;Hk a&;/ vl h
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pmrlrsm;ay;ykd &h mwGif uavmiftrnf/ trnf&if;/ qufo, G &f efz;Hk trSwEf iS fh vdypf mrsm;
yl;wGaJ zmfjyay;yg
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 2006 jo*kwf 15

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 2006 jo*kwf 15

a&$&wktmabmf
1988 ckEpS rf aS yguzf Gg;vmaom jynfow l &yfv;Hk . vlxt k ºHk uGr=_ uD;onf/ ,ckEpS q f v kd #if wq,f±h pS f ESpw f idk f
wdik f a&mufcyJh g+yD?
vSn;f aeavSatmif; jrif;aZmif;ygrusef wEdik if v H ;kH .twkid ;f twm/ xkEiS x hf nfEiS hf ouf=uD;oufi,fr[l
yg0ifco Jh nft h rsK;d om;Edik if aH &;v_y±f mS ;r_/ xºuGrr_ sm;wGif 1988 ckEpS f ( 8888 )ta&;awmfyakH vmuf =uD;us,rf /_
atmifjrifr/_ usq;kH r_wkd rh ±dcS b Jh ;l yg? +Adwo d #wkd v
h ufatufrv S w G af jrmuf&eftwGuf jrefrmEdik if w H rsK;d om;vk;H yg0ifcJh
onfrmS rSeaf omfjim;vnf;/ ,ckta&;tcif;uJo h kd h wEdik if v
H ;kH tm;ESit hf ifEiS vhf y_ ±f mS ;r_rsK;d r±dcS [ hJ k ,k=H unfryd gonf?
xdt k csed u f jzpfay:cJah omvlxt k ºkH uGr=_ uD;onf jrefrmEdik if /H tm±SwcGiu f o dk mru urBmukyd g ukid v f y_ Ef idk cf yJh gonf?
Edik if w H umrS xkwaf 0aom owif;pm/ pmapmifrsm;omru/ Edik if jH cm;toHvi$ Xfh metoD;oD; rSvnf; jref
rmEdik if o H wif;ukd xdyw f ef;OD;pm;ay;azmfjycJ=h uygonf? ta&;tcif;pwifcsed rf pS +yD; owif;wd/k owif;±Sn/f awG q h kH
ar;jref;cef;wkd w h iG f ae&m,lco Jh nfukd ,if;ta&;tcif;wGi=f uKHawG ch &hJ olwikd ;f trSwx f ifxifowdw& ±d=S uvdrOfh ;D
rnf[x k ifygonf?
okd ah omfjim;vnf; xkt d a&;tcif;=uD;aemufyikd ;f rSay:aygucf &hJ aom Edik if w H um'Dru dk a&pD v_y±f mS ;r_rsm;
wGif jrefrmEdik if o H mv#if atmifjrifrv _ rf;a=umif;rSaeI ,ckcsed t f xd aoGznfaevsu±f adS eonfukd awG &h ygonf?
1988 ta&;awmfy=kH uD;umvY atmifjrifrv _ ufwurf;okd ah &muf±cdS &Jh onf[k rqkEd ikd jf im;vnf;/ tpd;k &rif;quf (3)
qufww d d jzKwfEidk cf o Jh nfrmS &mZ0ifrmS r=uKHcb Jh ;l ao;yg? b,ft h wGuaf =umifh atmifjrifrv _ rf;a=umif;ay:rS a0;uGm
cJ&h onfukd ±d;k om;pGmjyefvnfo;kH oyf=uzdk h vko d nf[k jrifryd gonf?
xdck sed cf gu ay:aygucf &Jh aom acgi;f aqmiftoD;oD;. pkpnf;nD!w G rf t _ m;enf;cJ&h jcif;/ acgi;f aqmifrsm;.
t,ltquGv J cGJ =Jh ujcif;ESifh wdik ;f jynf.vk+H cKHa&;wGif t"duu¾rSmta&;ygonfh wyfrawmfukd 'Dru dk a&pDtiftm;pk
rsm;bufokd h atmifjrifpmG odr;f oGi;f Edik rf _ r±dcS =Jh ujcif;wkd o h nf ratmifjrif&jcif;.t"dutcsurf sm;taeESi±hf cSd o hJ nf
[k ,lqrdygonf? xkcd sed cf gu wyfrawmftwGi;f rS t&Hvuf±;Hk wyfzJG rh sm;/ wyfrawmf(av)/ wyfrawmf(a&)/ESifh cv&
(16) rS wpdww f ykid ;f yg0ifcaJh omfvnf; t"dutiftm;pkrsm;rSm yl;aygi;f cJjh cif;r±dcS yJh g? wyfrawmftwGi;f okd 0h g'jzef ch sd
jcif; tm;enf;r_EiS fh xda&mufrr_ ±djS cif;/ ta&;awmfyt kH wGi;f qifu h pJ eH pftyk cf sKyforl sm;. tawG t h =uKHenf;yg; jcif;/
wyfwiG ;f wif;usypf mG xde;f csKyfxm;cJjh cif;/ wyfrawmft&m±d/S t=uyf/ESiw hf yfom;rsm; ^m%fynm=uG,0f r_tuef t h
owf±adS ejcif;ESifh 'Dru dk a&pDEidk if aH &; tjrifrus,jf cif;wdk o h nfvnf; ratmifjrifc&hJ jcif;twGuf oufqidk rf ±_ cSd =hJ uyg
onf?/
,if;jzpf&yfrsm;ukd oifcef;pm,lI aemifwiG f Tokd t h a&;tcif;rsK;d xyfr=H uKHawG v h mygu rnfokd ah omykpH H
csum vkyaf qmifomG ;=urnfukd =udKwifajrmfjrif jyifqif=uzkd v h +dk yD[k xifygonf?
xkcd sed cf gu atmifjrifr/_ a±$x;D aqmif;cJ&h r_/ qk;H ±_;H &r_rsm;ukd jyefvnfwoojzpf=urnft h pm;/ a±S v h yk if ef;
pOf/ c&D;pOfwdk u h kd ykrd I kd tav;ay;+yD; jyifqif=uzkd h vkt d yfvyS gonf? jzpfvmonft h csed t f cgusrS pwifjyifqif pOf;pm;
awG;ac:r_rsm;rSm tvsirf rDEidk yf g?
,cktcsed t f cgY jynfwiG ;f ±djS ynfow l &yfv;Hk rSm cg;onf;aomtawG t h =uKH/ cHpm;r_/ tzdEySd cf &H r_wkd rh mS
1988 ckEpS u f xuf ykrd I kd qk;d 0g;aomtajctaeokd h qku d af &mufaeyg+yD? tcsed rf a±G; ayguu f EGJ idk af om peufww H yf
xm;onfh Ak;H wvk;H ay:xkid af e&onfh tajctaersK;d wGif jynfy±dS tzGJ t h pnf;toD;oD;/ vly*k Kd~ vf toD;oD;wkd t h ae
jzifh (8888) ta&;awmfy=kH uD;ukd oifcef;pm,lI/atmifjrifr&_ ,lEikd o f nftxd vkH v h xkwo f mG ;=u&ef t"duwm0ef
jzpfa=umif; xyfavmif;E_;d aqmftyfygonf?

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 2006 jo*kwf 15

@Spaf v;vk;H vlxkta&;awmfykH. acgif;aqmifwyg;_zpfol

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1956 ck pufwifbm (10) &ufae w h iG f jrefrmEdik if H &ckid jf ynfawmifyikd ;f Y tbOD;ZHjzLESifh trd a':jzL
jzL wkd rh aS rG;zGg;cJ+h yD;/ arG;csi;f 5 OD;teuf om;OD;&wemjzpfonf?
i,fpOfb0
rdbESpyf g;u rlvwef;ynmuko d if=um;apcJ+h yD; 1969
ckEpS w
f iG f Ak'b
< momwkd .h xk;H pHtwkid ;f jrifjh rwfaom
“omra%”tjzpf omoemhabmifokd h 0ifapcJo h nf?
xkpd OfrpS IAk'b < momygVpd mayrsm;ukd tywfwukwf
avhvmoif,cl o Jh nf?
ynmoifb0
Ak'b < mom ygVyd nmoif=um;jcif;Yxif±mS ;aom
yJc;l wdik ;f ±dS “ =ucwf0ikd ;f y&d,wWd pm oifwu kd f ”odkh
1972 ckEpS w f iG f wufa&mufoif=um;cho J nf? y&d,wWd
yËdywWu d sr;f *ef pmayrsm;ukd xl;xl;cíecf íeaf vh vm
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f nf; ynmqnf; yl;oif=um;cJo h nf?
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f iG f &[ef;abmifokd h 0ifa&mufco
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f iG f ygVyd nmoif=um;a&;tpDtpOft& wuUov kd 0f ifwef;txda&muf±cdS Jh onf?
pmayc&D;
1980 ckEpS rf pS I Ak'b < moma&;*sme,f/ r*~Zif;rsm;wGif bmoma&;-,Ofaus;r_-c&D;oGm;aqmif;yg;
rsm; ESifh tjcm;r*~Zif;/ *sme,frsm;wGif bmoma&;-,Ofaus;r_-c&D;oGm;aqmif;yg;rsm;/ pmyef;cs-D
pm!Gerfh sm;ukd a&;om;cJo h nf?
1987 ckEpS w f iG f “ pmayvkyo f m; ”tjzpf vufctH odtrSwjf yKjcif;cH&onf?
t&Siaf crmpm&onf 'Dru dk a&pDa&;&m*sme,frsm;/ r*~Zif;rsm;wGif 'Dru
dk a&pDta&;/ vl h tcGit
fh a&;
ESifh +idr;f csr;f a&;ta=umif; aemufcaH qmif;yg;rsm;ukad &;om;azmfjyvsuf pmtkyrf sm;xkwaf 0jzef ch srd _
rsm;vnf;jyKvkyv f su±f o
dS nf?
bke;f awmf}uD; rlvwef;ausmif;q&mb0
1982 ckEpS w
f iG f u&ifjynfe,f xkid ;f jrefrme,fpyfYzGiv
fh pS x
f m;aom “Ak'b
< mom omoemjyK bke;f

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 2006 jo*kwf 15

awmf}uD;ausmif;”. rlvwef;ausmif;wGif apwemausmif;q&mtjzpf 2 ESpw f w d d ausmif;om;

ausmif;ol 200 ausmtf m; ynmoif=um;ay;cJo h nf? ESppf Of aEG &moDausmif;ydw&f ufa&mufwikd ;f
Ak'b
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f if=um;ay;cJoh nf?

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tajccHt*Fvyd pf mESiAfh 'k b < momygVpd mayrsm;uk, d if;okd ah vhvmaepOf 1988 ck jrefrm Edik if v H lt h cGifh
ta&;ESi'fh rD u dk a&pD ta&;awmfykH v_y±f mS ;r_}uD;ay:ayguv f m&m t±Siaf crmpm&vnf; ,if;ta&;
awmfy}kH uD;wGif wufºuGpmG yg0ifvy_ ±f mS ;cJo h nf?
ajratmufv#K0d u S zf GJ ph nf;cJah om “&[ef;ysKo d r*~/&efuek f ”wGif OD;aqmifau'gwyg;tjzpfvnf;
aumif;/ &efuek +f rKdth a&;ygaoma'owcktwGi;f YzGJ ph nf;xm;aom “&[ef;ysKo d r*~”wGif taxGaxG
twGi;f a&;r–;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ Ak'b < mom&[ef;oHCm/ ausmif;om;ESi0fh efxrf;rsm;yg0ifzGJ ph nf;
xm;aom “taxGaxG oydwaf umfrw D ”D wGif t=uHay;yk*K~ v d tf jzpfvnf;aumif;/ Edik if vH ;kH qkid &f mzGJ h
pnf;xm;aom “'Dru dk a&pD ta&; awmfykH =uD;=uyfa&;aumfrw D ”D wGif oHCmhu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf
vnf;aumif;/ “atmuf jrefrmEdik if v H ;kH qkid &f m&[ef;ysKo
d r*~”wGif A[kt d vkyt f r_aqmifwyg;tjzpf
vnf;aumif; aqmif±u G vf y_ ±f mS ;cJo
h nf? 1988 ckEpS Ef 0dk ifbmvwGijf yefvnfzpGJh nf;cJah om“jrefrmEdik if H
vk;H qkid &f m &[ef;ysKd or*~”wGif OuUX tjzpf ,ae w h ikd f wm0ef,l v_y±f mS ;aeonf?
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dk a&p/D v l t
h cGit
hf a&;ESiS hf +idrd ;f csr;f a&;&¶daS &;
1988 ck pufwifbm 18 &ufae h ppfbufrt S m%modr;f vku d o f nfah emufwiG f xdik ;f jref rme,fpyfukd
tajcjyK+yD;/“t=urf;rzufaomenf;vrf;”jzif/h tjcm;aom 'Dru dk a&pDtzGt Jh pnf;rsm;ESifh r[mrdwjf yK
umjrefrmEdik if tH wGuf 'Dru
dk a&pD&±daS &;/ vl t
h cGit
fh a&;t jynft h 0usiofh ;kH cHpm;Edik af &;ESifh +idr;f csr;f
a&;rsm; &±daS &;rsm;twGuf qufvuf=udK;yrf; vsu±f o dS nf?
Edik if w
H umAk'b< momrsm;tzGJ t h pnf;wckjzpfaomINEB wGijf refrmEdik if q H ikd &f m t}uHay;yk*K~d vft
jzpfvnf;aqmif±u G v
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t&Siaf crmpm&onf jrefrmEdik if 'H rD udk a&pDa&;twGuf *smr%D/ oD&v d uFm/ tar&duef jynfaxmifp/k
uae'g/puFmyl/ rav;&Sm;/ urfycl sm;ESifh b*Fvm'uf&ESf idk if rH sm;okd h ºuGa&mufvsuf a[majympnf;¶k;H
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H kd ºh uGa&mufvmcJ+h yD; wku
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 2006 jo*kwf 15

awG qh akH qG;aEG;cJo

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OD;xG%;f jrifh - a':auoDoed ;f / OD;rif;OD;/ paomif;0if;/ a':wifwifat;/ a':csKcd sKjd ri/fh a':,k,ck idk /f
a':oif;oif;vwf/ OD;ausmaf usmEf idk f (1)/ OD;wifatmif/ OD;aZmfaZmf0if;aX;/ OD;ESi;f atmifatmif/
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OD;ausmaf usmEf idk f (2)/ OD;atmifarmf[ed ;f / OD;oef ah Zmf atmif/ OD;nDnv D if;/ eef o h if;oif;jrif/h
OD;jrwfo/l OD;pk;d rd;k Edik /f OD;0if;atmif (2)/ OD;oef;xGe;f 0if;/ OD;aomif;vdi_ /f a':prf;prf;jrif/h a':eDepD ;kd /
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 2006 jo*kwf 15

1988 ckEpS f rwfvtwGi;f jzpfymG ;cJah om pufrw _ uUov dk af usmif;om;udzk ek ;f armfusq;Hk cJ&h o!fh wygwD
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(6)a,muftwGuf yJvyk yf gw,f/ tJ'DrmS ausmif;om;tzG@J tpnf;awGu ygwo D abmaygah v 'gayr,fh ygwv D dk@rac:bl;
ayg/h ausmif;om;nDnw G af &;wyfO;D &Srd ,f/ (Democratic Students Organization)ac:wJh (DSO)&Srd ,f
tJvydk J tjcm;ausmif;om;tzGJ@ ponf tm;+zifh ausmif;om;tzGŒJ awG 0if+yD;òydi=f uygw,f/ ausmif;om;awGutJ'gudk
v#Kd @0u S rf aJ y;pepfeJ@a&G;ygw,f/”
(w-u-o)ausmif;om;a[mif;tr_aqmifO;D vSazajymjyoGm;wmyg/ wcgjyef=unfah wmh wuUov dk af usmif;
om;or*~ordik ;f rSm (w-u-o)qdw k m p+yD;ay:cJ+h yD; aemufr=umcifrmS yJ ArmEkid if v H ;kH qdik &f m ausmif;om;rsm;or*~(A-
u-o) qdkwmvnf; ay:vmcJw h ,f/ aemufwcg (A-u-o)rsm;tzGJ@csKyfqw dk muvnf; &Scd jhJ yefw,f/ tJ'v D dk or*~awG
u b,fvakd wGqufE, G +f yD;/ b,fvkd tvkyfvyk fc=Jh uwmygvJ/ 'Dta=umif;ukdoEd dkizf dk@awmh (1960-63)ckESpf (A-u-
o)rsm;tzGJ@csKyftwGi;f a&;r_;tzGJh0if (1961-62)ESpf &efukew f uUov kd f ausmif;om;rsm; nDnw G af &;wyfOD;&Jh twGi;f a&;
r_; OD;vSa&$udk ar;=unfch yJh gw,f/
OD;vSa&$ -“(w-u-o)uawmhtapmqH;k ay:wmaygh/ aemuf ArmEkid fiv H ;kH qkid f&m ausmif;om;or*~uawmh
'gow d Jh twdik ;f yJ/ (1936)arvrSmzGJ@wmuk/d zJG@awmh(A-u-o)eJ@ ausmif;om;or*~ ESpcf u k awmufav#muftòydijf zpf
vmwmayg?h (1960)ckEpS f (6)}udrf ajrmuf (A-u-o)nDvmcHrmS rS (A-u-o)rsm;tzGJ@csKyf[m Armwjynfv;kH udk uk, d f
pm;ðywJh trsKd ;om;ausmif;om;or*~=uD;tjzpfeJ@ (6)=udraf jrmuf uGef*&ufuqH;k jzwfvu dk w f ,f/ (A-uo)zGJ@pnf;yHkrmS
ESprf sKd ;&Sw d ,f/ wrsLd ;uwuUov dk /f aumvdyo f r*~awGe(Jh A-u-o)eJ@ qufqaH &;[m oD;jcm;oufqikd rf w _ pfcjk zpfw,f?
olwŒkd uol@o;D jcm;zGJ@pnf;yHkeJ@ ol&Sdw,f/ Oyrm rauG;aumvdyo f r*~/ aemuf rEWav; wuUov kd of r*~/ &efukew f uU
odv k o f r*~pwJh or*~}uD;F awGu ArmEkdiif Hv;Hk qkdi&f m ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@csLyfeJ@ qufo, G wf Jhtcg usew f mu
awmhh b,for*~/ òrd@e,for*~ qdw k mawGurS (A-u-o)rsm;tzGcJ sKyf&J h wku d &f u kd wf m0efcrH a_ tmufrmS &Sw d ,f/ tJ'g(A-
u-o) eJ@wuUov dk f or*~qufE, G yf uHk tJvkd taetxm;&Sw d ,f/”
tJ'w D ek ;f u OD;vSa&$wdk@tcsed u f aygah emf or*~awG&v hJ yk if ef;pOf&nf&, G cf suaf wGu bmawG bmygvcJ ifAsm/
OD;vSa&$ -“eHygwfwpfuawmh e,fcsq Jh efhusiaf &;eJh vGwv f yfa&;xde;f odr;f a&;/ 'kw, d uawmh jynfwiG ;f ppf&yf
pJa&;/ jynfwiG ;f +idr;f csr;f a&;/ wwd,&nf&, G cf suu f awmh 'Dru dk a&pDtzGhJtpnf;ukd vufczH kd@/ umuG,fzkd@u ausmif;om;
or*~awG&Jhta=umif;&if;cHawG&Jh ta&;}uD;wJh&nf&, G fcsuwf cky/J aemufq;Hk pwkwt Î csuu f awmh ynma&;pepfaumif;
zdk@eJ@ ausmif;om;awG&J@ ae@pOfynmoif=um;r_awGudk jynfpkHvakH vmufz@kd tJ'&D nf&, G fcsu(f 4)csufukd t"duxm;aeyg
w,f/ ”
OD;vSa&$ajymcJhwJhtwdik ;f or*~&J@&nf&, G fcsuaf wGukd =unf&h if EDkiif aH &;eJ@qufE, G af ewmawGudk awG@&ygw,f/
Oyrm 'Dru dk a&pDa&; jynfwGi;f +idr;f csr;f a&;qdkwmrsKd ;awGudk aemufwcg ausmif;om;v_yf&mS ;r_qw kd mawGukd acwftquf
quf jyef=unf&h ifvnf; ausmif;om;awG[mtrsKd ;om;a&; Ekid if aH &; awmif;qdw k dkuyf JaG wGrmS ygcw Jh mudk awG@&ygw,f/ 'D
rSmwcsKd@u ausmif;om;ta&;qdw k m ausmif;cef;xJrmS pmoifcef;xJrmS jzpfwhJ ta&;oufoufv@kd jrif=u+yD;awmh
ausmif;om;awGEidk if aH &;eJ@ uif;rJw h ,fvdk@ ajymcJ=h uolawGvnf;&Scd yhJ gw,f/ OD;vSa&$&J@ oabmxm;udk r=um;cifrmS
ausmif;om;v_y&f Sm; r_awGrmS ygcw Jh Jh vltrsm;u av;pm;=unfnKd =uwJh yk*K~d vf}uD;awG&J@ tjrifawGudk em;axmif=unfh
=u&atmifyg/ yxrqH;k awmh &Jabmfo;Hk usdy0f if Adkvrf ;_ csLyfa[mif;ausmaf Zmayg/h ol[mvnf; (1938-ck) Adv k af tmif
ausmu f sq;Hk cJw
h Jh twGi;f 0ef&;Hk udk 0dik ;f cJw h Jh wwd, ausmif;om;oydwrf mS ygcw Jh o Jh yl g/. ol@tjrifuawmhæ
Adv
k rf ;_ csLyfa[mif;ausmaf Zm -“rw&m;r_awG&adS eao;oa&$ jynfolawGwu kd fyGJ0ifaeao;oa&G olwdk@av;
awG/ ynma&;oifEidk rf mS r[kwyf gb;l / 'Dvydk J wdu k yf aJG wGa&S@u yg0ifae&ygvrd Ofh ;D r,fqw dk m usaemfwdk@oo H ,r&Scd yhJ gb;l
ausmif;om;rsm;Edik if aH &;vky&f wm vkycf siv f dk@vyk &f wm r[kwb f J rv$rJ a&Smifom b0ay;tod b0ay;wm0efrsm;
a=umifo h m jzpfw,fqw dk mygb?J ”
aemuf vlxak ':trmqdv k nf; (1936-ck) ArmEdkifiv H ;kH qdik f&m ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ pwif zJ@G pnf;pOfu
wnf;u yg0ifco Jh yl g/ tarrmua&mcifAs/ ausmif;om;awG Edik if aH &;rSmygwmudk b,fv, dk q l ygovJ?

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 2006 jo*kwf 15

vlxt k a':trm -“taruawmhav ausmif;om;vnf; jynfoly/J jynfoleJ@twlwal &m+yD;awmh wufºuG&

rSmbJ/ Ed;k =um;&rSmbJ/ v_y&f mS ;&rSmbJvdk@jrifwmbJayg/h ausmif;om;rdkv@kd Edik fiaH &;rSmryg &bl;vd@k tJ'v D rkd jrifb;l / tJ'grmS ;
w,f/ taruawmh ausmif;om;vJbJ Edik if aH &; vkyo f ifw h ,fv@kd jrifwmbJ bmjzpfvŒdk wke;f qdak wmh ausmif;om;vnf;
wdik ;f oljynfom;wa,mufb f J r[kwv f m;? wae@v=l uD; jzpfvmOD;rSmbJ/ tJawmhEikd fiaH &;rvky&f if t w,fom;&J@ vkyf&
rSmbJ?”
OD;vSa&$ua&mcifAs Edkiif aH &;udk awmufavsmufaqmif&u G fcw hJ Jh ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif w a,muftaeeJ@
ausmif;om;awG bma=umifh Edik if aH &;aqmif&u G &f w,fqw kd mvnf; &Si;f jyay;ygO;D cifAs/
OD;vSa&$ -“ausmif;om;qdw k mu ynmwwfawGb/J todynm&Sif twwfynm&Siaf wGbJ odŒk r[kwf
ausmif;om;u wu,fwrf;usawmh vl@tzJG@tpnf;&J@ OD;aESmufb/J vl@tzJG@tpnf;xJrmS tEd;k =um;qH;k bJ/ t*Fvyd f
acwfuvnf; q&mpH ta&;awmfyu Hk p+yD;awmh/ aemufq;kH aygh vGwfvyfa&; r&ciftxd &Jabmfo;Hk usdyftxd vufwJG
yg0ifcw Jh Jo h al wGu ausmif;om;awGb/J 'ga=umifv h nf; ausmif;om;rS ausmif;om;r[kww f o Jh lrS awmif;qdEk dkiw f m r
[kwyf gb;l cifAs? jrefrmjynfvw G vf yfa&;[m wu,fwrf;=unf&h if ausmif;om;vdyk nmwwfawGu wpHw k &m Edik fiaH &;
t& Ed;k =um;=uw,f? 'gou l avmuygvw&m;(3)yg;udk ud, k pf m;ðyw,fwpfcsuf jrefrmjynf&@J ,ae@acwf Edik fiaH &;o
rdik ;f udk jyef=unfŒ&if/ ynmwwfawGu tzJG@toD;oD;rSm a&@w S ef;ubJ/ olwdk@[m tpd;k &jzpfwmrjzpfwm aemuf udpu P
'Dae@=unfayg/h tdE, Nd qdk&if yd+k yD;awmifaocsmaeygw,f/ tdE, dN ud=k unfŒvdu k f t"du tifw,fvufusL&,fawGu jref
rmjynf 'Dru dk a&pDtwGu&f Sad ew,f/ ausmif;om;u Edik if aH &;vkyfoifw h ,f rvkyfoifb h ;l qdw
k m ausmif;om;wa,muf
csi;f u qH;k jzwfwmr[kwb f ;l / jrefrmjynf&J@ wnfqJ Edik if aH &; tajcaet&yf&yfu awmif;qdw k m zefw;D aewJt h aeeJ@ r
v$rJ a&Smifom rsuaf phatmufu avmuygvw&m;(3)yg;rJah e&if avmuygvw&m;(3)yg;vdv k m;aeolawGu b,fol
rqdyk gEidk yf gw,f/ bke;f }uD;vnf;ygw,f/ ausmif;om;vnf;ygw,f?”
ausmif;om;[m Edik fiaH &;vkyfoifh&ifvyk &f r,f/ acwf&@J jyXmef;csuft& Edik fiaH &;v_yf&mS ;r_rmS yg&r,fvdk@awmh
ausmif;om;v_y&f Sm;r_acgi;f aqmifawGu qd=k uyg+yD/ 'gayr,fh or*~v_yf&mS ;r_qw kd m Edkiif aH &;wdu k fyGJcsn;f yJ qifEaGJ ewmyg
vm; wjcm;v_yf&mS ;r_awGua&m bmawGrsm;&Scd yJh gao;vJ? rEWav; wuUov dk af usmif;om;or*~&J@ wJGbuftaxGaxG
twGi;f a&;r_;jzpfcw Jh o Jh l uAsmq&marmifprG ;f &nfu awmh trsm;=uD;&Syd gao;w,fwæ Jh
uAsmq&marmifprG ;f &nf &nf -“,Ofaus;r_uef@xm;wJah e&mqdv k nf;&Srd ,f/ ,Ofaus;r_e@J tm;upm;yJaG wmfawG
wufr,f tvSnfhus &efuek w f uUov dk /f rEWav;wuUov kd f/ armfvòrdiaf umvdyaf wGrmS ausmif;om;or*~awG&+Sd yD;awmh
yJaG wmfawGvyk =f uw,f/ wa,mufeJ@ wa,mufcsp=f unf&if;ES;D =uw,f/ xl;c|ew f Jh tm;upm;orm;awGtm;vH;k [m
wuUov dk xf u J ae t"duarG;xkww f mbJ/ xl;c|ew f Jh tEkynm&Siaf wGqv kd nf; 'Dvb dk J wuUov dk u f aearG;xkww f mbJ
wdik ;f &if;om;awGuvnf; wdik ;f &if;om;tzJG@tpnf;awG wdik ;f &if;om; tvku d zf JG@=uw,f/ aemufjynfe,f,Ofaus;r_awG
az:xkw=f uw,f/ wdik ;f &if;om;pmayr*~Zif;awGxw k =f uw,f/ wdik ;f &if;om;awG&@J ,Ofaus;r_tuawG bmawGuakd z:
xkw=f uw,f/ 'gawGu +yD;usawmh jyifyrSmtukev f Hk;jyef@ymG ;oGm;w,f/ EDik fijH cm;qufqHa&;wm0efcw H a,mufxm;+yD;
awmh urBmah usmif;om;or*~eJ@vnf; qufoG,w f ,f/ urBmah usmif;om; toif;tzJG@ tpnf;awG vli,ftzJG@tpnf;
awGeJ@vnf; qufo, G +f yD;awmhvnf; vkyaf qmifw,f/ tifrwefus,f jyef@w,f?”
'Dvv dk y_ &f mS ;r_awG trsm;}uD;&Sw d t
Jh xJrmS q&mpGr;f t"duaxmufjyoGm;wmuawmh (1958)ckEpS rf mS
ausmif;om;awGuOD;pD; +yD;vkycf JhwJh ynma&;pepf jyKjyifajymif;vJa&; ynma&;ED;S aESmz vS,yf =JG uD;yg? 'DE;DS aESmzvS,yf GJ
=uD;uae 'Drdkua&pD ynma&;pepf jzpfvmatmif ausmif;om;awGu =udK;yrf;=uHpnfc=Jh uw,fvdk@ oluajymjyoGm;
ygw,f?
uAsmq&marmifprG ;f &nf -“jrefrmekidf if &H J@ynma&;udk ausmif;om;awGyg yg0ifjyD;awmh urBmh ekid if t H m;vH;k &J@
ynma&;udak vhvmjyD;awmh qufpyfjyD;awmhrS acwfynma&;pepfen hJ jSd yD;awmh 'Dru kd a&pDynma&;vdk@ emrnfay;wmud?k
ausmif;om;awGyg yg0ifwJh ynma&;aygah v? 'Dtpd;k &uaejyD;awmh pDrHued ;f cswmrsK;d vnf; r[kwb f ;l ? ausmif;om;awG
bufu pkpnf;wJyh nma&;qdjk yD;awmh ud, k uf udk ,
dk af c:zdk@ aqG;aEG;wmqdak wmh ta&;=uD;ygw,f? ynma&;eJ@ywfoufwhJ

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 2006 jo*kwf 15

ausmif;om; aqG;aEG;cGifh ay;wm 'Dwcgy&J w Sd ,f”?

'Dvdk 'Dvdpk Gr;f aqmifcsuaf wG&cSd w
Jh Jh ausmif;om;or*~qw kd mvJ rjrif&wm=umavjyDv@kd qdk&rSmygyJ (1988)
ckEpS w f ek ;f uawmh ausmif;om;awGu or*~udk jyefvnfz@GJ pnf;ekid zf @kd =udK;yrf;cJ=h uygao;w,f? 'gayr,fh w&m;0if&yf
wnfcGirfh &cJyh gb;l ? or*~ rwnf&aSd wmh ausmif;om;awGtwGuf bmawG epfemygovJ? or*~ &Sdvmawmha&m ausmif;
om;awGtwGuf bmawGrsm; xl;jcm;rSmygv?J 'Dar;cGe;f udk awmh (1988)ckESpu f ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifwpfO;D jzpfwJh
udrk if;udEk ikd af jzygO;D ?
udrk if;udek ikd f -“'Dausmif;om;xk[m ausmif;om;or*~qkdwhJ tzG@J tpnf;&Sv d mrS tcGifhta&;udk rSerf eS fuef
uef&Ekid rf ,f? usaemfwdk@ aemifwcsed rf mS wdik ;f jynfwm0efxrf;aqmifcsi=f uwJh ausmif;om;awG[mvnf; tJ'D ausmif;
om;or*~rmS yJ avhusiv fh dk@&ygw,f? ausmif;om;or*~&@J tpnf;ta0;awG[m v$waf wmfrmS usi;f ywJh tpnf;ta0;
awGyHkpt H wdik ;f wlygw,f? obmywdeJ@ tcrf;tem; r_;eJ@ pepfwus avhusio fh mG ;&wmyg? taustvnf aqG;aEG;&
w,f/ twdu k ftcH jiif;ck=H u&w,f/ tJ vdjk yD;wJt h cgrSm oabmxm;=uD;pGmeJ@ 'Drdkua&pDenf;usus qH;k jzwfcsuu f dk vduk f
em=u&ygw,f? 'Dvt dk usiafh umif;awG arG;jrLay;Edik w f Jh ausmif;om;or*~&rSd S &Edik yf gvrd rfh ,f? r&Sv
d dk@&&Sd if u|eaf wmfwdk@
wdik ;f jynftwGuf avhusi&fh r,fh ae&mvnf; r&Syd gb;l ? 'Dru kd a&pD enf;enf;usus avhusiEfh idk rf ,fh tzJG@tpnf; r&Sb d eJ J@
bmjzpfomG ;ovJqadk wmh wpfred f@ wpftm%mwnf;udk emcHjyD;awmh rSm;rSm;rSerf Sef vdkuf vky&f wJh pepfq;dk wpfct k wGuf
aemuf vdu k af wGurdk S arG;xkwaf y;r,fh tzJG@tpnf;awGyJ &Syd gvdrhfr,f? ausmif;om;or*~&rSd S tavhtusiafh umif;eJ@
'Dru dk a&pD tavhtusiafh umif;udk &rSmjzpfwt Jh wGuf 'Dru kd a&pDacgi;f aqmifawGukd arG;xkwaf y;Edik rf mS jzpfygw,f?”
or*~b,fvzdk JG@pnf;w,f/ or*~u bmawGvyk cf w hJ ,f/ ausmif;om;ekid if aH &; vkyo
f ifo
h vm; rvkyo f ifb
h ;l
vm;? a&S@raSD emufrSD vl}uD;olrawG ajymjyoGm;wmawG =um;cJ&h +yD?
'gayr,fh ausmif;om;or*~eJ@ ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_awG&ŒJ ordki;f a=umif;uawmhtcuftcJ trsK;d rsK;d =um;
rSm &ke;f uefvy_ &f mS ; cJ=h u&wJh tjzpftysuaf wGeJ@ jynfah eawmh tJ'gawGuv dk nf; odcsiaf o;w,f?
ausmif;om;awGu OD;aqmif+yD;awmh qk;H &_;H aewJh tcGit hf a&;awG awmif;qdck J=h uwJhtcgawG rSm tm%mydik f
awGeJ@ xdyw f u dk f awG@p&mawGjzpf jzpfvm&wmayg?h

1988 ck =o*kwv f 28 &ufae w h iG zf GJ ph nf;vdu

k af om ArmEdik if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m ausmif;om;or*~rsm;tzGJ h csKyf. OuUX
rif;ukEd idk (f 0J)/ 'kOuUX uku
d =kd uD;(v,f)ESifh taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª a&;r;ª rk;d oD;ZGe(f ,m)

(wuUov
dk af usmif;om;rsm;or*~zGJ ph nf;cJjh cif; 75 ESpaf jrmuf pde&f wktxdr;f trSwtf jzpf bDbpD D jrefrmykid ;f rS
txl;tpDtpOftjzpfxw k v
f i$ cfh suu
f kd cGyaf 'gi;f 88 rSjzef ah 0csut
f m; jyefvnfazmfjyjcif; jzpfygonf?
?pmwnf;tzGJ )h
(qufvufazmfjyygrnf)

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 2006 jo*kwf 15

1350 jynft h a&;awmfy}Hk uD;vdk@ jynfot l rsm;u tjrwfwEd;k ac:a0:oH;k pGaJ e=uwJh &Spaf v;vH;k 'Dru dk a&pD tHºk uG
r_}uD;&Jh yxrrD;yGm;rD;pawG 1988ckEpS f rwfv 12 &ufeJ@ 13 &ufae@ &efuek pf ufrw _ uUov dk rf mS pwif awmufavmifcJh
w,f? 'Dr;D yGm;awGudk ppftm%mydik af wGu b,fvo dk abmxm;cJ=h u? b,fvu kd ikd wf ,G cf =hJ uygovJ? wbufuvJ ppftm
%m ydkiaf wG&J@ t}udr}f udrftvDvD &rf;um;yufpufra_ w/G pdeaf c:apmfum;r_awGudk jynfoal wGeJ@ ausmif;om;vli,f
awGu b,fvdpk dw"f gw/f ydki;f jzwfcsuaf wGeJ@ &ifqidk fausmef if;cJ=h uygovJ? pwJh 1988 rwfv&J@ aEG&ufjrwfawG[m us
aemfwdk@Edik fio
H rdik ;f rSm urŠn;f wifc=Jh u+yD;yg+yD? ocFe;f pm/ twk,pl &meJ@ av;jrwf*% k jf yKbG,&f mawGudk jyefvnf wifjyjcif;
ESit
fh wl usq;Hk cJh pGef@vw G cf =Jh uwJh ol&aJ umif;awG &JabmfawGudk OD;!$wrf j_ yKjcif;vnf;jzpfygw,f?

(1)
1988 ckEpS f rwfvqef qe;f twGi;f &efuek +f rdK@awmf. tajctae?
1? 1988 ckEpS f rwfv 14 &ufae@wiG f pwkwt ˆ }udrjf ynfo@l vw $ af wmf qXr tpnf;ta0;pwifusi;f y&ef&aSd ejcif;/
2? 43 ESpaf jrmuf awmfveS af &;ae@csw D ufyGJ twGuf wyfrawmf ppfa=umif;}uD;rsm; avhusiafh ejcif;?
3? tajccHynm txufwef;pmar;yGrJ sm; ajzqd&k efe;D uyfaejcif;/
4? 1988 ckEpS f rwfv & &ufae@wiG &f efuek +f rdK@ jynfvrf;ray:&Sd csuu f qkd vdAk ufo&H aHk &S@wiG f AH;k ayguuf rGJ j_ zpfay:cJjh cif;æ
ponfwdk@tjyif
5? 1987 ckEpS f pufwifbm 5 &ufae@wiG f rqv ppftpd;k &onf wpHw k &m cdik v
f aHk om ta=umifjh ycsurf ay;bJ aiGpuUL
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om;xk qENjyyGrJ sm; q,fpEk pS w f ckausm+f idro f ufae&mrS jyefvnfay:ayguv f mjcif;?
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(2)
12-3-88?n 8 em&Dcef@?
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qdik t f jyifxd vku d v f &H u dk Ef u
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rsm;udk w&m;enf;vrf;uspmG ajz&Si;f ay;rnf[k ajymqdak oma=umifh ausmif;om;tm;vH;k vnf; q&mrsm;. pum;udek m;
axmifvsuf ud[ k if;vrf;rS jyefxu G vf mcJ=h uonf?
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(3)
1988 ckEpS f rwfv 13 &uf?
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