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g G C , f e Qf h (dG) QG SQf W f
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? f GPa
,bJ M J c ,a fCG dG dG dG jDhQ M GeJ CG Y
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?dG dP U Fj
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Z e c EGh ,ed FU a eQ e c EG fCG Y ,dG dP U GPEG a
j e eh ,Gg eH cG dG gCG a ,kWMG FU a eQ
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Sh Y G U ` db a ,Ic dH OQh dG jOMCGh ` Sh Y G U
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Y cDj e Gg h ,ij M QaEG Y fh ij M dG Y f e dG
U J Y ` Sh Y G U ` f e K e dch ,GM dG dP U CG
G JCj M Z j eY eEG SdG SG EGh ,eH hCG H eQ
dg Ghj CG M YQ ceCG e IYdG JCj M dPh ,IdG GWCG e
dh ,jDhH T EG dG iCGQ fCH dGh dG bjh ,dG d J e
fEG eU EG H j CG iMCa ,LGdG dG Y kY dG dP U c
,a OOj dG dG Y ,eRG dG Y bJ IOY dG CG Y ,aR
e EGh eQ e a eQ e c EG dG f Y UCG d eH j a
.YCG Gh ,MG a Z
?dG NH gCG NH :j a db e
MCG CG a :dG eCG ,``KCGh dG j eCG dG NH gCG NG
GhdGh gCG QXh hdGh dc dG G MCG Y G YdG
,QeCG g e ``NBGh AT H j CG j h ,Y Y J ``EG gfh
QM j EGh ,H c dG bh QM j e H dG Gha
j e H dG W dch ,bdG e ke c e hCG H dG dP
fdG e H dG hZ dP eh ,``VQCG gCG L Y eEG Lh
,VQCG gCG L Y G IU Lh h ,e c Fd cCG RGL j
h ,dG ``G g e dH JJ ``EG GOdG g e IOY c CG ``dPh
g ```N``H k`Y```JQGh k` H``Lh GO````dG J `` EGh ,H CG ``d``G J ``
GhQ dG ja :KCG eCGh .dG G g V e dG jDhQh ,G
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,dH fCGh eQ g Y
q Sa ,dH jhe EG SY H GY IdGh QG
jCGQ) :a (? dG jCGQ e) :a SY HG dCS LQh LM b a
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,(dG i``f hCG kej KdG f M f G``f a dG d ```jCGQ dh)
G U - G SQ feCG Gg , ) :a (eUh jhe jDhH J e hCG) :a
SQ feCG Gg) db C ,SY HG e OLG O Gg CH j ,(- Sh Y
GH feCG) :HdG bh c ,jG aQ jU (- Sh Y G U - G
e AY Y adG M jGhQ Y j (G``c f c) hCG (G``c Y fh ,
.YCG Gh jG
eQ T dG Y ad SG AGdG QNG
T S J SCG c :UhG S
eQ C`ch Ic ``eCG Jh QG eQ
dG ``Y```S ```Jh ````dG ``` ` TEGh ``cC` d ```a
fCG `````jh ``c``G ```Jh ``` Gh ``` dG ```jh
VGeCG j Gg CG jCGHh dGh IOdG T
f e G Y OJ dG cG b H
jj ``U````TCG ``` ZCGh ````ch ```N EG ``c``Mh
Gg ``e `` NGhCG Q```G dG G```H egG
. dG BGdG IAGbh AYdH fYOjh dG
FdG OG``aCG ZCG : cDJ jHG Wa
NCG dGh edG dhL J J M
hCGjh QdG kG``L jW Yd ```dGh
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M Gh RdG bh CGj QaEG Hh
LGe ````dG ````Wh Y ```f```dG ``Y````dG
H dh ,VjdG GSQe GPEG GQO``fh eeCG
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TCG bHh dH eQ gP Jj
.f
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dG g EG IG fC ;dH HUEG
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a e Lj M FGdG Th cGdG
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T g eQ T : J jdG MCG jOa
SG e c Y j dd GdGh IOdG
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T g dG Gg CH hj hdG CG EG HQ
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ja S.O
,`` `NGhCG `````dG `````S ````jO ````b ``e ``d``e
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b ```f``L `` eh .`` ` `dG BG`` ` `dGh ```H``H U fEH j `` dG QG`` G ``` fE``H ``H``` UEG
j c dd .U Y Ic IQN jh
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S g EG dG FW e W d dG
GPEG Gd ;dG V SCGQ Y JCj dG HSCG d
YCG e dG J CG ZQh Y TCG
dP S QG eQ T ``N dG
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dG T dG eQ T CG e ZdHh
c Hj ``F````dG CG `` ``` fCG EG `````dGh
Ia AKCG Gh dG e ``M MCG e
EG O```j CG EG OQ``` Jh dG OQ``` J Q````dG
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CG `` : ``j``a ````S IQ``` c``dG ``` J ``jG``` dG
a `` Uh ````fEG IM Y ``KD`j dG
d CG M ,UeGh dGh jdG Y
dG ``` ` dG ``e ```Y``f `````dG ````a ``e ````a
dG ``LQO ```J``J dG a ```a ,```F``J
f ``d``H OGO`` jh ``f```MCG ``H``W``dG f OGO`` Jh
FGdG G``` a EG OD` ` `j `` .IQG`` ` `H ``` ` dG
dGh NdG Y bd Ua
ddG e dGh dG
NdG Y ITe bdG H ``fCG YGh
e dGh dH G ``F``Xh ```J
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dM EG GOj dG Vh dG HV
Nh ,f Je fc CG H dG
fc CG H h```dGh dG SM J ``jCG
.NdG H V
eYEG eGdG b
dG YEGh dG IFGO
e dG G`` fCG SGh ``N```dG
QgJ S aNh eh Th IQS
VGeCG e jdH HUEGh fEG U
`` NO ``` ` j ``` M ,``` ` ` ` dG ``` Y``` ` Gh
FdG OG``G ``e ``f 4000 Y IQdG
aVEH Wd e e Yf 60 ,IQdG
,dG ,HdG cCG hCG e iNCG OGe EG
d eS OGe c gh UUdG ,fQdG
. dG
Y `` bE` `d ``` ` gP ``` U``a ``` ` eQ ``` ` T
He
jDhdG e
SEG IQGR``H dG GYd FGdG dG VSG
QhdG YLG ``dPh ,S IYe dM 81A```HQCG eCG
Y ``j``e edG ```TGQ ``H G```Y SG SFH ```dG G```d
ObG IQGRh e dhDG e OY QHh SEG Yhe
fedG HH Rj G adG
b```dG ```G WT IO```````d
q ```dG dG hD`````T
``j
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Y WT dH WdH dG OH hCG eCG Ae NG
cQ 2011 d d fedG dGh cd fdG
.dG d kHV 22h cdG d kHV19
a ,HdG M ``H N Ye dG ddG N ``YQ
H ```U``f ``Y````e ``FG``dG hCG ``c``G ```Y ````M ``c`````dG ```H````e
dU ``H eS hCG R`` G ```dG ``c``G A``Lh ,``e````G
q
kYL kGQ``` aEG hCG ```eCG Ae dG ```dG hD``T f
k e VH dG dG hDT eCG IMh e
dP
e jYQ ``dPh ,jdG OQGd edG jjH ddG I``FGO
c OY QH dG dG hDT Y eCG dG OM H f
dG Vh dG Qc e OYh HGfh dG AGQeh jQG e
.dG dG hDT Xe e c Lh
AdEGh MGh IFe Y XG c LH G Gg j M
,MGh e XdG Jje ac Y XGh dhDG H
jOMCG OJh INCG OJ SCG L H dG KJ EG ODj
.dG dG Gg H dBdGh QdG e je EGh ,jOdG
,YLG ddG J Y Uj dG dG hDT CG cj
edG dG ``JhQ Y H L ,XG H NGdG UGdG Yh
.XGh hDG H LGG c gj QhH dGh
edG Q
bZ W e
dH Ae cH
K dG ``e j W A``K```dG ``J
jhP ``YQ`` A``e cH bZ ``KEG GS
EG f M ,dG jH eGdG OGh
.IG Qa dh eG e
AdhCG ```f``````dG ``` Y ``W```T `````Jh
j cJ Yh FHCG bG Q``eCG
jSCG ``````dG A``` KCG ```U``N ``gO```
dGh VGMCGh jQG G e dH
WMEG Y ```jh ,``M``dG h`` Gh
MGh e JQG Y H MdG VM
Yh ,d Hb H Oh``j CGh ``bCG Y
j CG fCT e e hCG LGQO hCG dCG J
Vah ,MdG H e GbH WCG
hGh NdG cM Y IG HbdG
.cdG hCG G
YG ja
WG j edG
.TGG
BG S H G hCG cG Y M dG He h
.TdG Y H j FGdG f e dG cG ALh ,GY
Y dGGh ShDdG H SG YGQ b ddG N h
Y WT V ``e O``Y ```G M .hCG cGH jFdG
.fdG
16
jDhdG -e
H jT eCG dG Ae e H q j
N ``H Q YdG SdH dG dG
dG `` hCG ``c````H R```H Ak ````MG ``e````dG
HdG ``HOCG G "ie" Jb ``Y dG
NGdG H ih``f ``jh ```bCG ``dGh ,Y
H dP JCjh ,QG dG e dj 20`16 e IdG
e e H h```d bEG IQGOEG ``YEG
e hdH edG YG ja f
jM dPh fb M e jH
jdG G bCG M edG VG
HGh WCd adG GdG e
MGh TfCGh
`` gCG ``e ``` c O`` Y ``` G ````M `` bh
ac J bh .dWCGh dG ``jh
jGdG ``jR``Jh d jVG ```WCG
IgR J SG Hh .jGh d
,edG ``Y````G ``j``a ````FQ ```F````dG
Y ``````e ``` ` ` H ``U``` j ``j``` dG C` ` `H
YLGh `````a``dG ```d````dG ``e``bCG
aH G gCG J CG fCT e dG
JCj G G``g J C`H dbh ,FGT
MdG NOEh b Y hQe AMB
c ````T `` ` `WCG ``` b Qh``` ` dGh
.ah
N ``j``d ``j```dG C` H FdG `` cCGh
aH dG ``jh ``e```J I``j``Y ``eG``d
.G FGT
d YL QaEG
jh jeh be
hG OGh
dG UCG hG OGh
d YL Q``` aEG ,A``K```dG Ae ```bCG
QH ,hG OGh jh jeh be
,HGh ,Gh ,AYCG e c OY
OGh jH dG Of e fH dPh
H UCG dCG IdGh QaEG Hh ,hG
Th ,G dG c dG ``g
f ``bh ,hdGh ,YdG Y QG
jeh ``b``e ``````j `` dG Qh`` `dG ``Y
Lh h``` J ``g```H ,h``` G OGh `` jh
G ``` gG``HEG ``H ``` MCG jh .AdG
e ``j``j `````dG EG :``b````d ``` dG ``j``G
dG ````dG ``S``` jh ,`` MG`` dGh ,``dB` ` dG
dG Qh``dG G``gh ,dG IQO```Gh ,hdc
,YLG eG bG IQGOEG J
:a ``b````H ``` ` e ``` UG``G OhGO `` eCG
dGh ,dG IQO`````H G``L AGS f
.Gc A`` b`` ` `UC`` H ``` H``` j `` `gh ,`` `FG`` `dG
jeh ``b``e IQGOEG CG ``c``d``H ``j``G
Jh QGSH J ,h```G OGh ``jh
Y fH ,ddGh ,TG e dG
.dGh jdG ie Y eYEG
zeH G d Qd { QT
dG ..dG G J WCG jY M
adG e jG f OdH OJ dG adG b
hdG ee JOjQ Jh ,Gh fEG dG
kGJ ```J ``j````dGh ,k````Y ``` WCG jd ```YG``dG
HdG O```dG L G Y Uj kjS
h dG hH LHG e AL gh eSEGh
FdG OGaEG H gfh SH dG FT QXE
H S dG dG SdG c gG ``dh
h G f jdG J c ,QdG WCG
. YLG dG UGhCG
25 ``jCG KK J ``b ``fCG EG IQ```TEG Q``
e ``K IQ``j``d Q`` G `````dG ``e 27h 26h
eh ,dN eh ,dG G :gh
Y WGh jGdGh jdG jRd dPh eG
. VG WCG U
G Uf : e
be ```Y ``` Y ````T ``` U ``Y``` ``` dG ``
G dMQ hCG " a" YLG UGdG
jY M V dPh ,WCG bCG IQjd dG
JCJ dGh G eG VG WCd
YG AYCG S M ,eHG d Qd QT
Abh jGdG Jh JFYh VG WCH
.e bdG
Y H J dG ffEG IQO```G ``g ``JC`Jh
`````dG QhO ````gC`H e fEG Y ````T ```U
,G ``g e ``e``bEG G OG``aCG ``e YdG
Y IOdGh MdG SQ EG hCG G J dGh
j e Gh T OLH h WCG Lh
17
jJh U
SG W
L Wfl Yj
FdH dG
k jW SG CG jM jeCG H Qq M
Y Yj adG
dG jjh dG
GP GhG``` ` G ``e "adG" ````j
Y ````j PEG ,I``` ` dG ```FG```dG ``` ` gCG
jOdGh `````d```dG e e UY
jGh SdGh Gh SJdGh
eg OGe Y j c ,OdGh Gh
.d IQe OGeh JGQgHch
jh dG ```Y "adG" ``Y````jh
k je jh QdG VGeCGh QCG
gdG HGPEGh dG OW Y Yj dG H dG hJ
L e Ggh ,SG dG Y jJ h kGL Se
G M FdG aCG j NCG dG
QKBG hM hH jdGh d G adH
G NCG dG e kHc CG cjh fL
IdG a H adG e eGe 15 GH
.adG e eGe 130 GH G
U jT -jDhdG
jG UeG
e j ``cCG H dG hJ CG dG jh
e j ``fCG c ,````d``H O``L``G ``j``G UeG
j G``dh ,jG Ge e G IOSG
Ge ```H hCG `` cCG ```H ````dG h```J k`H``Z``e
U Y KCG jG SGQdG d .ITe jG
UTCG 4 e MdG W SGQdG iMEG a dP
He Z kT 11 h jG f fCH He
hJ H NCG dG hJ Y ehGG fCH
b SGQdG e Ia Hh ITe jG Ge
CG GhLa eLCH jG ie SH MdG
.NCG dG hH KCj jG UeG
e ``Y``` ```Y ``j``LCG i`` NCG ``` SGQO `` cP ```c
OYG CG ,``j``G ````f `````fC`H ``H````G ``eG``G
H EG iOCG ``` ` NCG ``` ` dG h``` J ``` Y ``````H
dG ``dh````j `` ``g```d ``````d``H ``````dG
NCG dG CG MdG ZCG ij Gdh .NCG
Ua ``j``j ```Hh ,``j``G UeG ``e j
.kU j b dG CG H jG fCG hM
GG jh G j
FGa a jLCG dG SGQdG g e QTCGh
,G J dG (adG) IOe Y j fCG dG
Jh dG bdG YJh LGG dG Jh
. kFGO IcGdG
NCG dG e IG (adG) c Jh
IQb Rj fdG
bdG fEG Y jG
T I``b S ``j``j```S AY c
GdG `` `gh kG`` ` ` NCG ``` d``` G (`` `H`` `H)
.dhj dG fdG IOLG
jdG dhQc e AY cPh
IOLG FdG IO`` G CG GcG ```fCG
jJ ,AGG GQhCG GP QG aH
.bdG fEG Y jG IQb
q
ac fdG e I``MGh M CG Jh
gh ``j``G jQfcG da jd
dG AdUa T Y IdG jG
.dGh jG f J
b OJ dG HH QdG
q CG EG Qj
hj ``M ``` V``G ``` dG `````K``K EG
cCG jh kGQ``a JY a fdG
j M cCd fS Y j gh ,Ib
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dG g fdG jG CG j ch
CG GcG AdG CG q EG fEd IdG j
.jG bdG jJ dG g GdG
ICGe
18
Hf hM
FdG IjY
``dG
AdG AGOQ
U jT - jDhdG
Le H ge H TH IdG dG MU jYQ GNDe bCG
e bGQ J a MW dGh HGdG Gh AjRCG Ve S BG
cT f dGh VQd hdG Y c dGh ICGG ee
.VQd hdG Y c dhdG VQG d dG
G cd dG FdG ````dG S ``H ``bh
H ``JC`j ,"2011 jS" ``HG``dG A`` jRCGh ```G Ve EG Vd
Gg J h ```H````dG G`` `YCG ``V```G M `` dG ````dG ````dG
e OG``YEG SCG M e d jL dG Gd VG
e ``e FJ ``c Ie G`` dCGh TCH J dG VdG
IgG FdG HG e VG Y j dG Gh G
ICGG ee e Y dG Y b e QGhdG zG iH {
G `````dh ```J```M QG``` ` e ``````S `````H
G G A````TCG ``e dG ```g ,``U``G
GQGcEGh HGh ``YGQ``dGh jdc VG
VG Gg jh ,d LdGh ICGG j e Lh
d T d Ua g UG f Lh e
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J dG fedG G da UGJ e
QGhdG aGj ,e H jYQ G iH cT
j ``e H G eg Y ```G VG EG
jMCGh FGh HG c ICG``G ee e
NG Y GQGcEG EG aVEG dGh jdGh
bCG ```f````e``dG ``` ` G ``` e``g ``` Yh .``` d``` ` TCG
EG ``a```VEG `````f```dG c ```d````dG ``e ``j```dG
e jd ,AjRCG Vc S dG ddG H
dGh AjRG fdG YCG MU
VG ``` CG ``b``` G `` eh ,``````G ``j``` ` dGh
Gh .``dP Y ```aG``G ``M dG ``jCG dK EG
EGh AGdGh d a N d fedG
adG G ddGh WCd e NGH
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G `````J ``d``d ,``` d ``j``````dGh dG
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VG QGJ
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e dG j VG Gg EG -QdGh Qd G
e dGh dH fdG ```YCG MU
UG fdGh IG IQdG GAG e
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AdG edG e jd AjRCG cQG
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Y ``H ``b ``V``` G G``g CG ``````dG i``j hCG
dG VQG e gh IQdG H d c O
e Ggh e dWCG J CG cQd a
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AGS ```fC`H f j ``e BG ```M G ``` Gh
IOS g dEG j e ```YCG Md ebh
aVEH G Gg e QGH JeCGh cQG
S JdG YCG MU e jdG g CG EG
d ``V```G ```b ``e I``a ```H ````Lh `````G ``Y
.a cQG
a b dG VdG YCG Y MU c AT
CG G e WCG e ``ch ,JLMGh dG MU
f j CGh ````gG G j CG aj
.f dG dG g Ga QG e Ic
MU e dG OdG Gg OLh CG EG QTCGh
dG dG J dG G QeCG e YCG
Vh ``e e dG i``f ``` fCGh UN RG``` YGh
QGhdG e Ic f
G QGhR O``Y ``Y ```G iH cT ```VQ ``Yh
Ggh G ```d dG EG G e ```J
Ic `` eCG f ```ch ```Lh ``bh EG ``` MCG ``V```G
dP eh ,G g Y MG fh
LC Y ``eh aCG d jgL Y
Gd `````F``dG ``` dG ``c ```M ,`` ` `YCG ```M```U
J dG J UN G H dG gdG
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dG fG Y AdG J EG j c
Y `` WEGh I````G ``j``dG dG d
dG SDG gYJ dG G dG ddG
j dN e dGh UG hCG dG dG AGS
Oe ````fEGh dG dG AG``K RG``HEG
cQd Ua aj efdG CG EG aVEG adG
jdGh bdG dGh aGG G Y WEd
d dG GSG ch IG jdG d
edGh dG jJh YGdG IQGOEG a QhH
G LdG JH
FbO 10 `` `dG eR
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jOG
dGh dGh Gh dH e LO QhU
SO hH OHR c f
U e QN c HQ
L f IU e HQ
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LRW N GQhCG
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dGh dG jW
e SdG b a L c K
jGdG Y hCG dG LdG TG
kfL fh dGh QGh OHdG f
UU fh Gh WdGh LdGh G Yh G f
kNS jh SCG OH fh G f K G YCG OHdG
jDhdG -e
e j fH jeCG IQdG Y
ae JGdG MCG H fEG fd IQdG
d ```f````dG H `````dG dG ```dG
FGdG ``e``f``H Q TJ ```dG ,dG
YLG QdG jJ GY OdG hdG
S 9 jQH S ``dGh ,dG ``N e
LQG IQGRh J dG efdG Gg jh .2011
,dG ,jdG) dG gCG RGHEG EG jeCG
jJ j dN e dG IYdG QYH (HOCGh
djEG G HUCG
FbO 10 :`dG eR
25 :Q`` ` ` ` ` dG ``` Y ``` ` dG `` ` eR
bO
jOG
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YR hCG
bO HQh c 2
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K Q``f Y Q``b I``H``dG ``HhP
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19
feQ eGQO
jh j
a jJ
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