PHP B DU HI-NG TRONG TING VIT &

VIT NG HI NG T V
INH S TRANG
TI BN NM 2003
This book is copyright to inh-s-Trang.
Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of criticism or review,
as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process
without the written permission of the author.
Copyright 1993, Dinh-si-Trang
National Library of Australia
Cataloguing-in-Publication Data: ISBN 0-646-16449-X
TC GI GI BN QUYN
Khng c trch dch hay in li nu khng c s ng thun bng th ca tc gi.
Th t lin lc xin gi v:
inh S Trang
32 Foster Street,
Newmarket, QLD 4051.
AUSTRALIA

MC LC
Li ni u
Phn Mt - Php B Du Hi Ng
I. H THNG TING VIT
Nguyn m v Ph m
Thinh
II. NGUYN TC CHUNG V THINH
i vi Ting Hn-Vit
Cch nhn bit Ting Hn-Vit
Lut Hi Ng cho Ting Hn-Vit
i vi Ting Nm
Ting Nm gc Hn-Vit
Ting Nm khng gc Hn-Vit
Ting Nm i
Ting Nm i Lp-ly
Cch nhn ra ting Nm Lp-ly
Mun bit phi b du g
III. VN
Php chnh t cho Ting-i Trng vn v cho Ting-i Khng Trng vn
IV. NAM BC PHT M KHC NHAU
V. BY IU LUT HI-NG

Phn Hai - Vit Ng Hi Ng T V

VI. HI NG CHNH T T V

LI NI U
Ngi Vit Nam chng ta, mi khi c dp so snh ting Vit vi mt ngn ng khc, thng t
ho v ngn ng ca mnh v nhiu l l:
1. Ting Vit phong ph, di do.
2. Nh ting Vit vit theo li ch La M (a, b, c) nn c th x dng nhng k thut ti tn
ca ngnh in tn v truyn thng m cc nc vn minh tn tin ang c sn, trong khi cc
quc gia c ch vit khc hn ch La M nh Trung-Hoa, n-, Nht-Bn, i-Hn v cc
quc gia thuc khi -Rp, khng c s tin li ni trn.
3. Vn phm ca ting Vit tng i n gin hn vn phm ca nhiu ngn ng khc.
4. Chnh t ca Vit ng khng thay i, khng ty thuc vo nhng ch ng cnh, cho nn
khng cn phi vit khc i mi khi gp s nhiu, s t, ging c, ging ci, nh Php ng
hay Anh ng.
5. Phng php pht m ca ting Vit n gin v nht nh, khng c nhiu ngoi l, khng
vit mt ng c mt no nh mt s ngn ng ty phng. Cho nn bt c ai bit nh vn
Vit ng, l c c ting Vit, khng sai trt.
Phn ng ngi Vit chng ta rt hnh din v ngn ng ca mnh, c l ti v l ting m
, ni ra l hiu lin, nn cm thy ting Vit sao m d qu, r rng qu, hay qu!
V cng v lc quan nh th, nn t ngi chu n nhng qui l cn bn v s kt cu ca
cc m th, v cch bin i ca ting Vit theo mt tin trnh mch lc - m suy cho cng khng hn l n gin nh nhiu ngi tng.
i vi cc nguyn tc v qui l cn bn ni trn, thng thng ch cc nh vn, nh gio, cc
hc gi, hoc nhng ngi nghin cu Ng-hc mi lu tm n m thi, cn phn ng qun
chng th t thy khng c nhu cu tm hiu hay phi hc nhng nguyn tc ny.
cng l l do m sch v v ti liu c lin quan n vn CHNH T VIT NG
khng thy c nhiu trn th trng sch bo Vit nam.
Ngay nh chng ti, khi mun hc vit cho ng du Hi Ng, nhn thy sch dy Cch B
Du Hi Ng rt him trn th trng hin ti l mt iu tr ngi, nn tn lc tm kim ti
liu hc hi hu b ci s khuyt ca mnh. Nhn , chng ti mi ngh n vic em
nhng iu mnh nghin cu v hc c m cng hin cho ng bo, ch c mong c th
gip c nhng ngi tng cm qua ci ni kh khn nh mnh, v tip tay qu v gio

vin ging dy cho hc sinh, ng thi cng gip c nhng bc ph huynh hng lu tm
n vn trau gii ting Vit cho chnh mnh cng nh cho con chu mnh.
Mc d khng phi l mt nh Ng-hc chuyn mn, nhng v nhit tm nn chng ti mo
mui son quyn sch nh ny, chc khng khi cn c ch thiu st hoc sai lm, mong qu
v c gi vui lng th lng cho v b khuyt gim, chng ti tht l vn hnh.
Brisbane, c Chu,
Xun Qu Du, 1993.
L.s. inh-s-Trang

PHN MT
PHP B DU HI NG

I. H THNG TING VIT

M TH
M l nhng yu t u tin dng to nn ting. m c chia thnh hai loi: Nguyn-m
v Ph-m. Nguyn-m v Ph-m kt hp nhau, hip vi Ging, thnh mt ting c ngha,
gi l T. Nguyn-m c th ng mt mnh trong li ni. Ph-m bao gi cng ty thuc
Nguyn m.
a/ NGUYN M v PH M
Ting Vit c 12 Nguyn m: a e i y o u
v 23 ph m: b, c (k), ch, d, , g (gh), gi, kh, l, m, n, ng (ngh), nh, p, ph, qu, r, s, t, th, tr, v, x.
b/ GING (cng gi l THINH)
Ting Vit c tm ging, thnh h thng lin h nhau: Bn ging Bng i chiu vi bn
ging Trm. Ging Bng cn gi l Thanh thinh. Ging Trm cn gi l Trc thinh
BNG: ngang, hi, sc, sc nhp [*]
TRM: huyn, ng, nng, nng nhp [*]
[*] Sc nhp hoc Nng nhp l ging ca mt Ting-i do hai ting hp li theo Lut
Thun-thinh-m.
* Sc nhp gm nhng Ting-i m ting u khng du, ting sau mang du Sc, v c c, ch,
p, t, cui. V d: nm np, vun vt, thinh thch, rng rc.

* Nng nhp gm nhng ting i m ting u c du Huyn, ting sau mang du Nng v c
c, ch, p, t, cui. V d: nm np, vn vt, thnh thch, vng vc.
II. NGUYN TC CHUNG V THINH
Ting Vit gm hai loi, tuy lin h nhau nhng vn gi c tnh ring r:
- Ting HN VIT l ch Hn c theo ging Vit.
- Ting NM l ting do ngi Vit-nam to nn vi nhng ting mn ca nc ngoi nhng
Vit-ho.
II.1 TING HN-VIT
Ting Hn-Vit l ting mn ca ting Hn nhng c theo ging ca ngi Vit. Phn ln
ting Hn-Vit l nhng ting gm hai ting tr ln. V d: quc gia, kinh t, qun s, chnh
tr, x hi, ngoi giao, vn ho, dn ch, cng ty, v.v. Trong ting Vit hin nay, khong 60%
l ting Hn-Vit. Chng ta x dng kh nhiu ting Hn-Vit trong mi giao tip v ni nng
hng ngy.
V d: "Hm qua nghip on cng nhn t chc hi ngh tho lun vn gia tng nin lim".
Ch c hai ch thun Vit l "hm qua", cn cc ch khc u l ting Hn-Vit.
Ting Hn-Vit c quy lut ring v du Hi Ng. V vy, nu x dng c Lut Hi Ng
trong ting Hn-Vit th chng ta gii quyt c hn 60% cng vic v du Hi Ng.
Ting Hn-Vit c hai c tnh:
1. V Chnh t: gia m v ging c s lin quan cht ch.
- Cc ting Hn-Vit khi u bng mt Nguyn-m, ch c th c du Sc, du Hi, hoc
Khng du.
- Cc ting Hn-Vit khi u bng cc Ph-m: L, M, N, NG, NH, D, V, ch c th c du
Ng hay Nng.

2. V v tr ca cc ting dng chung:

Ting Ch-nh lun lun ng trc ting c ch-nh, gi l Ng-php t ngc
V d:
Bch tng. Bch ch nh, lm cho r ngha ting tng.
K sinh trng. K ch nh sinh, k sinh ch nh trng.
CCH NHN BIT TING HN-VIT
1. Cc ting Hn-Vit thng khng tch ra dng ring mt mnh, m phi dng trn t.
Chng hn ch c th ni lm thng mi ch khng th ni lm thng, lm mi, hoc ni
lm chnh tr ch khng th ni lm chnh, lm tr v. v...
Vy mi khi gp mt t ghp, ta th tch cc ting cu to t y ra ring r, nu chng khng
dng c lp c, th l mt ting Hn-Vit.
2. V ngha ca mt ting Hn-Vit.
Cc ting hp li lm thnh mt t Hn-Vit u c ngha, nhng ngha ca chng rt m
h i vi nhng ngi khng c mt trnh Hn hc nht nh. V d nh nu em xt ring
bit cc ch: d, nhin, hnh, chnh, lnh, t, th chng u c ngha c, nhng hi ngha th
no th khng d tr li.
Cho nn khi gp mt t ghp, nu c hai ting u m h v ngha v d nh: cnh gic, mnh
lit, dng cm, th l t Hn-Vit.
Cn cc Ting-Nm-i v Ting-Nm-Lp-ly th u c kh nng dng ring ra tng ch v
ngha ca ch dng ring u r v d nhn bit. V d: xe la, my bay, tu ngm, xe p.
Do , da vo cch phn bit nh trn, chng ta d dng bit c ting no l ting Hn-Vit
v ting no l Ting Nm.

a) Tm li: Tt c ting HN-VIT khi u bng cc nguyn-m: A, , Y, O, , U, , u

vit DU HI v cc nguyn-m ca Ting Hn-Vit thuc Thanh-m (Bng).
V d: i quan, nh hng, m thc, n dt, li, Oi nhn, n tha, y hi, ng.
Ph ch: Sch ca G.s. L-ngc-Tr c ghi v I vo nhm nguyn m ny. Nhng v ch
HN-VIT khng c ch no khi u bng , hoc , nn ti khng ghi hai nguyn m
ny vo, cho ngi hc mt tr [-s-T].
b) Tt c ting HN VIT khi u bng ph m CH, GI, KH, PH, TH, S, X, u vit DU
HI v cc ph-m ny cng thuc Thanh-m (Bng).
V d:
- CHn on, CH huy, CHnh t, CHiu chi, CH ta, CHng qun.
- GIi phu, GIm thiu, GIn tin, GIng ng, GIo quyt, hc GI.
- KH d, KHi hon, KHo th, KHu hiu, KHng gio, KHng hong
- PHn bi, PHm cch, PH bng, PH thng, PH nhn. (tr PHn n)
- THi hi, THm thng, THn nhin, THo mc, (tr Mu THun, Ph THng)
- Sn khoa, Snh ng, S nhc, Sim nnh, S d, Sng hnh, (tr S = hc tr)
- X thn, Xo tr, cng Xng, (tr X hi, X trng, Hp tc X)
khi b sai du, xin c gi ng ln ln ting Hn Vit vi nhng ting Nm sau y:
CHNH=h bng t; GI (gi go, t gi); GII (gii by); GIN (co gin, gin ra= tng
di: dy cao su b gin); PH (ph phng); THI (tha thi); SNG (t sng)
c) Tt c ting HN VIT khi u bng By ph m L, M, N, NG, NH, D, V, u thuc
Trc-m, cho nn vit DU NG (tr mt ngoi l duy nht l Ngi cu).
V d:
- Lng mn, Lnh m, Lo u, Lm lit, L ngha, Lng on, thnh Ly, Lng ph.
- M no, Mi mi, Mn nguyn, M Mn, Mnh h, Mn tip, Mu nghi, M n.
- No ty, Non so, N lc, ph N.

- NGu nhin, NG cc, i NG, ngn NG.

- NGHa kh, NGHim nhin, NGHa trang.
- NH , NHn khoa, NHn ni, NH mc, NHim bnh, NH mu, NHn hiu.
- Dn lc, D nhin, Dim l, Din n, Dng cm, Dng dc, D vng, D man.
- Vn bi, Vng lai, V i, Vin th, Vnh vin, V trang, V tr, V tuyn.
Xin ng ln ting Hn-Vit vi nhng ting Nm sau y:
- L (l li, o l); LNG (lng vng); LNH (lnh lt); LO (lo o) LM (lm rm); L
(l c, l gai); LIM (c bc t tin gia hai , ra no mnh cng trng); LNG (lng
thng);
- M (m m); MI (mi mit); MNH (mnh mai); MN (m mn); MU (mu chuyn);
- NO (vit th trc); N (n bng);
- NG (ng qu); NG (i ng);
- NH (nh mi, nh t) NHN (nhan nhn); NH (vui nh!); NH (khuyn nh);
- DN (d dn) D (d hi);
- VNG (lng vng); V (v l, v bnh); VIN (vin vng) V (v c, v s).
d) My ph-m khi-u khc, gm c B, C, , H, K, QU, v T, v u c c hai bc Thanh
v Trc, kh phn bit, nn phi tra t in; nhng cng theo lut "Thanh vit du HI, Trc
vit du NG".
V ting ging Ng t hn ting ging Hi nn chng ti bin ra di y cc ting Hn-Vit
ging Ng ca my ph-m khi u va ni trn, gip bn c:

Bi : thi, ngh (bi cng, bi kha, bi th)

Bo : m bng (hoi bo, bo ha, bo mn)
B : xu (b cc thi lai, b vn)
Cng : gng p (cng bch, cng ch)
Cu : cu vua (quc cu), hm (linh cu)
i : tht, x vi (i bi, bc i, bit i, khon i, trng i, u i, i lnh)
ng : rng, phng tng (ng t, du ng)
: knh nhng (hiu )

in : in (in kh, in hc, in lc)

: h , chim quyn, cy trng
Hi : kinh s (kinh hi, hi hng, s hi)
Hm : xng ph (hm ch, hm trn)
Hn : m hi (xut hn, pht hn, lim hn)
Hnh : may mn (hnh din, kiu hnh)
Hon : chm (tr hon, hon i, hon binh)
H : ln nhau (h tr, h tng)
Hn : ln xn (hn chin, hn lon, hn hp)
Huyn : hoa mt (huyn hoc, huyn mc)
Hu : c (hu c, hu hn, hu dng, hu l)
K : ti nng (k s, k thut, k ngh, k xo)
Qun : khn n (qun bch, cng qun)
Qu : t ct tin (th qu, cng qu, k qu)
T : thuc hun (dc t, iu t, thuc t)
Tin : a (tin bit, tin hnh, tin khch)
Tiu : dp tr (tiu tr, tun tiu, tiu ph)
Tnh : im lng (tnh dng, tnh mch)
Tun : liu cht (tun tit, tun nn)
Tri : Nguyn-Tri
Trm : ting vua t xng
Tr : tr (u tr), bnh tr (tr ni, tr ngoi)
Tr : cha (lu tr, oa tr, tng tr, tch tr)

CCH NH LUT HI NG CHO TING HN-VIT

Xem vy Lut vit du Hi Ng cho ting Hn-Vit kh phc tp. Tuy nhin ta c th dng
mo nh mt cch d dng.
a) Ch cn nh nhng trng hp vit du Ng trong ting Hn-Vit, tc l nh BY ph m
u vit du Ng v khong 30 trng hp ngoi l phi vit du Ng.

Cc trng hp vit du hi khng cn nh v cc ting Hn-Vit c m u khc hn By ph

m ni trn u vit du hi.
b) nh By Ph-m-u vit du Ng, cc bn hc thuc lng cu sau y:
Mnh Nn NH V L Du NG
(M N Nh V L D Ng)
Nh vy l bn nm c lut vit du Hi Ng ca ting Hn-Vit. Cn cc ngoi l th
xin chu kh hc thuc lng.
II.2 TING NM
Tt c nhng ting khng phi l ting Hn-Vit, c gi chung l Ting Nm.
PHN BIT TING NM V TING HN-VIT
1. V ngha. Ting Nm l nhng ting ni sao hiu vy. Tri li ting Hn-Vit thng c
th dch ra bng mt ting thng thng hn (ting thng thng gi l ting Nm).
V d:
- ting Nm: tp v, t giy (ni sao hiu vy)
- ting Hn-Vit: bnh vin (nh thng), phi c (my bay)
Tuy nhin cng c mt s ting Hn-Vit khng th dch ra bng mt ting thng thng hn.
V d: kt qu, hnh phc, thnh cng v.v...
Ngoi ra, nhiu ting Hn-Vit, nht l nhng ting n c dng lm ting Nm (gi l
Ting Nm gc Hn Vit) vn gi nguyn ging c c. V d: danh, php, hi, lao, lnh v. v...
2. Nh quan st Ng Php ta s phn bit ting Hn-Vit v ting Nm rt d dng.
V d:

- LC CNH: lc (hnh dung t) lm r ngha ting cnh (danh t). Hnh dung t ng trc
danh t, tc l thuc Ng-php t ngc. Vy LC l ting Hn-Vit.
- TIU QUC: tiu (hnh dung t) lm r ngha ting quc (danh t). Hnh dung t ng trc
danh t, thuc Ng-php t ngc. Vy TIU l ting Hn-Vit.
- GCH TIU: tiu lm r ngha ting gch. Hnh dung t tiu ng sau danh t gch, tc
thuc Ng-php t xui.
Vy tiu ny l TING NM GC HN VIT.
3. Trong TING I th:
- ting Nm lin kt vi ting Nm.
- ting Hn-Vit lin kt vi ting Hn-Vit.
V d:
- LI LM: khi ta bit li l ting Nm, th ta c th qu quyt lm cng l ting Nm.
- TI TT: bit chc tt l ting Nm, ta c th qu quyt rng ti cng l ting Nm.
- HA S: bit chc s l ting Hn-Vit, ta c th qu quyt rng ha l ting Hn-Vit.
- LUT S: khi bit s l ting Hn-Vit th ta c th qu quyt lut cng l ting Hn-Vit.
Cng c mt s ting-i hp thnh bi mt ting Nm v mt ting Hn-Vit. Tuy nhin
l trng hp c bit ca nhng ting Hn-Vit c dng n c lm ting Nm. Ch c
nhng ting Hn-Vit y mi c th lin kt vi ting Nm to thnh ting-ghp. V d:
- mu huyt: huyt l ting Hn-Vit c ngha "mu". Ting huyt cng c dng n c
lm ting Nm, nh: cho huyt, huyt heo.
- l l: l l ting Hn-Vit c ngha "l", nhng cng c dng n c lm ting Nm, nh:
li ni c l, khng c l no.

- a thch: thch l ting Hn-Vit c dng n c lm ting Nm.

TING NM GC HN-VIT
Du ging ca nhng Ting-Nm Chuyn gc t ting Hn-Vit, phi theo du ging ca ting
gc, ngha l:
a) khi ting HN GC l mt ting Khng du hoc du Sc hoc du Hi, th Ting Nm c
Gc Hn-Vit vit du Hi. (KHNG, SC, HI = HI)
h > th; tu > sa; gi > g (con); gi > k
b) khi ting HN GC l ting du Huyn hoc du Nng hoc du Ng th Ting-Nm c
Gc Hn-Vit vit du Ng. (HUYN, NNG, NG = NG)
hng > hng (bun); k > ci; d >
TR ngoi l:
l > l; miu > miu; n > (cung) n; ngng > ngng (ngng, nga), nh > nh (mi); d > r
(r)...
TING NM KHNG GC HN VIT
Nhng Ting-nm khng chuyn gc t ting Hn-Vit th gi l TING-NM-LI. C hai
loi Nm-Li: Ting-n v Ting-i.
A. TING NM N
Nhng Ting Nm n, tri ra t mt ting khc (khng phi l ting HN), u ty ting
chnh m vit Hi hay Ng theo lut:
KHNG, SC, HI = HI
HUYN, NNG, NG = NG

Khng du chuyn ra Hi v ngc li nh:

cn/can; chng/chng; cha/cha; khng/khng qung/qung; nhi/chui;
Sc chuyn ra Hi v ngc li
ba/ba; th/th; h/h; ln/ln; ri/ri;
Hi chuyn ra Hi
bo/biu; ci/ci; ta/ta; x/ch; nh/r;
ti lng/mi lng; r/x; qun lng/qun lng;
Huyn chuyn ra Ng v ngc li nh:
cng/cng; du/du; /; ci/ci; li/li; b/b; gia/gii; mm/mm; ng/ng;
Nng chuyn ra Ng v ngc li nh:
ci/ci; u/; chi/chi; gim/gim; tru/tru; chm/chm (chm ri);
Ng chuyn ra Ng:
a/da; hng/hy; kh/s; ni/i; ngm/gm; di/ri; giu/riu; rung/rng; i/nhi
TR ngoi l:
g/kh; hm/(su) hm; k/g; ri/vi; mn/mn; (thuc) lu/lu; (mt) l/(i) lui;
phng/phng; ng/ng; qung/khong; r/t; tri/tri; lm/lm.
B. TING NM I

Bi tnh cch C VN (mono-syllabic) ngn ngn, nn ting Vit thng hp thnh Tingi cho du ging.
TING NM I khc hn TING GHP (l ting HN-VIT do hai hoc ba ting c ngha
ring ghp li ch mt nim mi).
TING NM I l Ting-nm do hai hoc nhiu ting hip li cho r , hoc du ging.
* C loi Ting Nm i do Hai ting u c ngha hp li m thnh.
* C loi Ting Nm i khc, gi l Ting i LP-LY, do mt ting c ngha hp vi
mt ting khng ngha; hoc do hai ting khng ngha hp li nhng ging nghe hi ho, thun
tai, d c.
Ting Nm i m C HAI TING U C NGHA TH KHNG THEO LUT TRM
BNG m mi ting gi chnh t ring ca n v m v Vn (Vn) cng nh v Ging
(Thinh).
V d: m m; c r; ri rnh; bn gh; bng m; ci g; chng chi; y ; l d; mi mt;
r; sng sy; su xa; trng ta; sing nng; tm kim; king c; t r; l ln...
Ting Nm i cn chia thnh hai loi: Ting Nm i Lin Hip v Ting Nm i c lp.
Ting Nm i c Lp l ting i m hai ting u c ngha v bnh ng: thn xm, tt
ti.
Ting Nm i Lin Hip l ting i m ngha ca hai ting ph thuc ln nhau lm cho
r thm ngha: c chua, my cy, xe p.
C. TING NM I LP LY
Ting Nm i Lp Ly l nhng Ting-i gm hai ting c lin h vi nhau v m thanh m
trong phi c t nht l mt ting khng c ngha.

V d: p , mi m, lnh lng, vi vng, v. v... nhng ting , m, lng, vng, u khng

c ngha. S phn bit ting c ngha v ting khng c ngha gip ta nhn ra Ting-i Lply d dng.
1. Cc mi lin h v m trong Ting i Lp Ly:
a) Lin h ph m u. C nhng Ting i ch ly li ph-m u: (m-m) mt m, (-)
n i, (l-l) lnh lng, (n-n) ni nng.
b) Lin h v vn. C nhng Ting i ch c phn vn c ly li: lai rai, li nhi, lng
chng, lm bm, lm m, l m, l th.
c) Lin h c ph-m u ln vn. C nhng Ting i ly li c ph-m u ln vn nh: co
co, ba ba, bm bm, rm rm, chu chu, khinh khnh.
Do , khi ni v Ting i Lp Ly ta cn ch n s lin h ca ph-m u v vn.
2. Lin h v ging iu.
a) Cng mt ging iu vi nhau.
lui cui, lung tung (khng du)
ch che, chu cht (du sc)
lng chng, thnh thong (du hi)
l m, d di (du ng)
b) Cng mt nhm ging vi nhau.
Ting Vit c chia thnh hai nhm ging:
Nhm ging cao gi l ging Bng
Nhm ging thp gi l ging Trm.
Nhm cao (Bng), gm c cc ging: Ngang (cn gi l Khng), Sc, v Hi.

Nhm thp (Trm), gm c cc ging: Huyn, Nng, v Ng.

Trong Ting i Lp Ly, ging ca hai ting bao gi cng thuc cng mt nhm. Nu mt
ting ca Ting i Lp Ly c ging cao th ging ca ting kia cng thuc nhm ging cao.
V d: vui v, mi m, lng l, nho nh...
Ngc li nu mt ting ca Ting i Lp Ly c ging thp th ting kia cng c ging thp,
v d: mnh m, p , ngi ngng, lnh lng...
Qui lut v ging-iu gia cc ting trong Ting i Lp Ly gi l Qui lut Thun-thinh-m
(cng cn gi l Lut Trm Bng).
Tm li, TING I LP LY b du theo lut Trm Bng:
KHNG, SC, HI i vi HI
HUYN, NNG, NG i vi NG
Ting u Khng du hoc du Sc hoc du Hi th ting sau phi b du HI.
Ting u du Huyn hoc du Nng hoc du Ng th ting sau phi b du NG.
Th d:
BNG
Khng du i chung vi HI v ngc li: ngh ngi, bnh bao, l loi, hm h, thong th, sn
s, vin vng, run ry, v vang, vui v.
Sc i chung vi HI v ngc li: mi mit, nhc nh, thng thm, d dm, bng by, chi
chut, khe khon, nhm nh, mt m.

Hi i chung vi HI: h h, lng lo, nhng nho, th th, bi hoi, mng mnh, thnh
thong, t m, xng vng.
TRM:
Huyn i chung vi NG v ngc li: v v, ru r, tm t, no n, i ng, nng n, sn
sng, k cng, chn chi, li li...
Nng i chung vi NG v ngc li: g gc, vi v, d di, cn k, no nut, lt lo, ci c,
l lt, p , chp chng, gy gn...
Ng i chung vi NG: d di, l l, ci ly, mi mi, k lng,...
Nh vy, theo lut ny th khi gp Ting i Lp Ly nh: b bng, r rng, vng vng, chng
ta yn tm vit b, r, vng vi du ng v cc ch bng, rng, vng, c du huyn.
i vi Ting i Lp Ly nh ci c, chp chng, d dm, p , chng ta vit ci, chng,
dm, , vi du ng v cc ch c, chp, d, p, l nhng ch vit du nng.
i vi Ting i Lp Ly nh l l, d di v ta bit d v l vit du ng (do suy bit t
l li, d dng) th theo lut ny ta bit chc l v d phi vit du ng.
Khi mt ch ca Ting i Lp Ly vit du sc, khng du, hoc du hi, th ch kia phi
vit du hi ch khng th vit du ng.
V d:
- cng ci, trng tri, trng tro v c cc ch cng, trng, trng vit du sc nn cc ch
ci, tri, tro phi vit du hi.
- trong tro, bn chi, tr treo v cc ch trong, bn, treo vit khng du nn cc ch tro,
chi, tr phi vit du hi.

- cc Ting i Lp Ly nh lm bm, lng cng, bm bm cng vy, v cc ch lm, lng,

bm, mang du hi, th ch ng sau phi vit du hi.
CCH NHN RA TING I LP LY
Khi hai ting ca mt t m hai ph m u ca hai ting y ging nhau, hoc c m u ln
vn u ging nhau (cng ging Bng c, hoc cng ging Trm c), th l Ting i Lp
Ly.
DA VO NGHA: Mt Ting i m c hai ting u c ngha, th Ting i KHNG
PHI l Ting i Lp Ly.
O NGC TRT T: Khi o ngc trt t ca mt ting-i m ting-i vn cn y
ngha nh khi cha b o trt t, th ting l ting ghp ch KHNG PHI l Ting i
Lp Ly.
V d: gi gn, l li, l lng, h hng, l ting ghp ch khng phi l Ting i Lp Ly, v
khi o ngc, n vn gi ngha nh trc. (gn gi, li l, lng l, hng h).
TING I B BT MT DU GING: C nhiu Ting-i v mun cho m tai nn
1) phi b bt mt du ging. My ting mt du ging l ting chnh lp li, ch khng
phi ting m, nn nhng ting i khng b du theo lut Trm Bng. Th d: khe kh, l
kh kh; d d l d d; ng ng l ng ng.
2) C nhiu Ting-i b i ging, nh hn hoi tr thnh hn hi; k cng tr thnh k cang.
Ngoi ra, NHNG TING NI TT do ghp vi ting Y, u vit du Hi. (Ni Tt l ni
thc hai ch thnh mt, theo li gin c). V d nh:
anh + y = nh; b + y = b; cu + y = cu; ch + y = ch; hm + y = hm; m + y = m;
nm + y = nm; thng cha + y = thng ch; con m y = con m
NHNG NGOI L CA TING-I (Khng cn theo lut Trm Bng)

bn b, chng hng, cho bo, dm d, o o, giy ny, hoi hy, hn hi, nh ng, khe kh,
lng xt, l l, lun li, lng lng, mnh my, se s, m m, nim n, ngoan ngon, nhu nho,
phnh ph, r r, rng tuch, snh si, sng s, sng s, thng tha, thung lng, tr ni, tri li,
tr trn, ve vn, vn vn, xnh x.
MUN BIT PHI B DU G?
1) Cch l nht l th tm mt Ting i khc, c ci ch mnh ang phn vn v du hi hay
ng.
V d ch d di: Ch cn bit c mt trong hai ch d hoc di mang du g th bit c
lun c du ca ch kia. Th chn ch d trc. Vi ch d ta c Ting i Lp-ly d dng.
Vi d dng ta bit ch d phi vit du ng v ch dng c du huyn. Khi bit ch d vit
du ng th ta xc nh c l ch di phi vit du ng do lut "HUYN, NNG, NG =
NG"
i vi cc ch mang du Hi cng lm nh vy.
2) Khi khng tm ra mt Ting-i Lp-ly trong c ch m ta cn bit l mang du g th ta
nn th a n vo loi ch-ly bn ting.
V d ch ng nh: Ta c ng a ng nh, v lng lng ta c lng la lng lng. Khi ta
thy ng a, lng la, th ta c th khng nh ng v lng phi vit du hi theo lut
"KHNG, SC, HI = HI". Khi bit ng v lng phi vit du hi ri th ta bit c
nh v lng cng phi vit du hi theo lut Trm Bng "KHNG, SC, HI = HI".
3) i vi Ting-Nm-n, v Ch-ghp.
Khi gp ting Nm-n hoc mt ting trong cc Ch-ghp m ta phn vn v du hi ng, th
ta tm mt Ting-i Lp-ly c ting , ri p dng lut tm du hi hay ng.
V d 1: ta gp cc ch: ngh, ngh, d, d, kho... Ta tm xem cc ch ny vit hi hay ng. Ta
xem ting Lp-ly phi vit du g?

ngh: ngh ngi --> du hi

ngh: ngh ngi --> du ng
d: d dang --> du hi
d: d dng --> du ng
kho: kho khon --> du hi
V d 2: nh gp ch sa cha, khng bit ch no vit hi, ch no vit ng, th ta tch ch
ra m tm.
Ta s c Ting-i sa sang. Khi c sa sang th ta yn tm vit sa vi du hi v
"KHNG, SC, HI = HI".
n ch cha th ta bit cha l Ting-nm c Gc-Hn-vit l ch Tr, vy phi vit du ng,
v "HUYN, NNG, NG = NG".
V d 3: gp ch r, khng bit ch no vit hi, ch no vit ng, th ta cng tch ch ra,
ri tm cch a thnh mt Ting-i Lp-ly.
Ta s c . Khi c th ta yn tm vit vi du hi, v l ch khng du, theo lut
"KHNG, SC, HI = HI"
n ch r th ta c Ting-i Lp-ly r ri nn ta bit l r phi vit du ng v ri l ch
c du nng, theo lut "HUYN, NNG, NG = NG"
CH : Khi to Ting-i Lp-ly da vo m xc nh du hi ng, ta cn chn Tingi Lp-ly sao cho ngha ca Ting-i , khi tch ra mt mnh, phi cng ngha vi ch
mnh ang mun tm du.
Th d: d (d lm) v d trong Ting-i Lp-ly d dng, d t, cng c ngha ging nhau.
Nu tm c mt Ting-i Lp-ly hay khng Lp-ly nhng ch trong ting li khc
ngha vi ngha ca ch mnh ang tm du th khng th dng c. Chng hn nh r trong
r m ta li dng ch r ca r r, r ren th khng cng ngha cho nn ta s vit sai du ngay.

III. VN
Mi Nguyn-m c th k l mt vn n. Ngoi ra ta c th to thnh vn bng cch:
1. Ghp hai hoc ba Nguyn-m li.
ai, ay, ao, au, u, eo, ui, u, ui, uy.
2. Ghp mt hay hai Nguyn-m vi mt Ph-m.
ac, am, an, ang, anh, im, in, ich, inh, ing, ung, ng.
3. Ghp ba Nguyn-m vi mt Ph-m.
uyn, uyt.
Nhiu vn t n c th lm nn mt ting: , ai, n, anh, em, in.
* Trong nhng Ting-i Trng vn, ngha l vn ca ting sau ng mt vn vi ting trc,
th chnh t ting sau phi ty ting trc:
n nn, tn mn, lng xng, xng vng, bn rn, bung xung, lng cng, lui cui, li i, li
thi...
* V nhng Ting-i Khng trng vn, c my vn thnh l nh sau:
1) Vn p
Nhng Ting-i do hai ting khng ngha hp thnh, m vn p ng trc th ting p vit
vi .
bp bnh, bp bu, chp chng, gp ghnh, xp x, hp hi, lp lnh, lp le, php phu.

Tr my ting:
p i, p im, lp bp, lp bp, rp ranh.
2) Vn ang, ng
Tt c Ting-i khng trng vn m ting sau khng ngha, xung vn ang, ng u vit C
G:
d dang, h hang, m mang, n nang, b bng, bn bng, du dng, gn gng, l lng, mn
mng, ng ngng, nh nhng, sn sng...
Tr:
cha chan, hi han, nng nn...
3) Vn n
Tt c Ting-i Khng trng vn, khi xung vn n u vit KHNG G. Nh:
ng n, gii gin, may mn, ngay ngn, xinh xn.
Tr:
lo lng, st sng, tng (ng, dng) hng.
4) Vn ng
Tt c Ting-i Khng trng vn, khi xung vn ng u vit C G . Nh:
dng dng, i ng, ngng ngong, vng vng.
Tr:

cc cn, d dn, nhc nhn.

5) Vn n, n
Nhng Ting-i m ting sau khng ngha, khi xung vn n, n, u vit KHNG G:
d dn, ng ngn, th thn, n, th thn, v vn
Tr khi vn ng, ng cng c ng, ng c th mi vit C G. V d: h hng = h hng; h
hng = h hng.
6) Vn ng
Nhng Ting i m ting sau khng ngha, khi xung vn ng u vit C G:
ng sng, lng chng, h hng, pha lng, tng bng.
7) Vn ung
Nhng Ting-i Khng trng vn, m ting sau khng ngha xung vn ung u vit C G.
p ng, bo bng, l lng, ngi ngng...
Tr:
ngn ngn, vn chn.
8) Vn iu, ui
thng i chung vi mt ting thuc vn n, n, t, it, ut, nh:
bn bu, cht chiu, dt du, ku kt, nhn nhu, ru rt, du dt, cui ct, gn gi, gn gi, ngui
ngt, si st.

Tr:
lng lu, nng niu, phng phiu, tc tu, tng tu.

IV. PHT M KHC BIT GIA HAI MIN NAM BC

(1) Thng th ngi Min Bc pht m ng, v d phn bit, nhng m cui sau y:
* Nhng m sau:
c G hay khng G: Can/Cang,
c C hay T: Bc/Bt;
c H hay khng H: Mn/Mnh
* Nhng vn: ac / at; n / ng; ich / it; in / ing; c / t; n / ng, ngi Bc u pht m
rt phn bit.
* Nhng vn vn nh: im, ip, iu, ui, i, ngi Bc pht m phn bit vi vn di im, ip, iu,
ui, i. (V d ting Tim pht m di hn Tm).
* Nhng ting c du Hi, ngi Bc pht m rt phn bit vi ting c du Ng. Ting c du
Hi pht m nh c du huyn ri dt bng ging Ngang (l ging khng du).
V d: Ca, ngi Bc pht m nghe nh C-a. Lch s, pht m nghe nh Lch s-. Bo,
pht m nghe nh B-o.
* Nhng ting c du Ng, ngi Bc pht m nh c du Nng ri dt bng du Sc.
V d: Bi, pht m nh B-; Mi, pht m nh M-
(2) Thng th ngi min Nam pht m ng v rt phn bit cc m u sau y:
* Ch pht m phn bit vi Tr

* S pht m phn bit vi X

* v nhng ting c m R u (trong khi phn ng ngi Bc pht m Ra nh Za v R nh
Z)
(3) Nhng ting c D v Gi ng u, ngi Bc v ngi Nam u pht m khng phn bit.
Dang, Giang, ngi Bc pht m nh Zang, ngi Nam pht m nh Yang
(4) Nhng ting c V ng u, ngi Bc pht m nh V ca ting Php hoc ting Anh. V,
ngi Bc pht m nh vn VO trong ting vocabulaire ca Php v vocabulary ca Anh, cn
ngi Nam th pht m nh D.
***
S pht m sai mt s vn ca ngi Bc hoc ngi Nam, khng phi li ca ai ht. Khi cha
m sanh ra v dy cho con ci ni theo ging ni ca mnh th con phi ni theo ging y
hiu nhau trong gia nh v khi ln ln, hiu nhau vi ngi chung quanh mnh, ch chng
phi t mnh pht m sai nh vy.
Th cho nn chng ta chng nn ly lm l cho s pht m chnh lch trong mt s vn ca
ngi Vit min bc hay min Nam hoc min Trung. Khp th gii, c l cha c dn tc no
hon ton thng nht c cch pht m. Mt quc gia t ai cng rng th s pht m cng
c nhiu ni khc nhau.
Php, ngi min Lorraine pht m khc min Marseille, Anh ngi min Irlande pht m
khc min Ecosse, cn Trung hoa th gn nh mi tnh c mt ging khc nhau. n
tnh trng cn phc tp hn na: c ti hai trm th ng, thnh th d c lp lu ri m ngi
n vn phi dng Anh ng lm ngn ng chnh thc. Nhng d cch pht m c khc nhau,
li vit ch phi ging nhau mi c.
Dn mt nc khng th dng hai li vit khc nhau ghi m mt ting c mt ngha duy
nht. Ngi Bc khng th vit: giy hc, nc ri, chin chanh chnh ch, thay v dy hc,
nc di, chin tranh chnh tr..v ngi Nam khng th vit giang nang, knh mch... thay v
gian nan, kn mt.

V th cho nn, mun bo tn v pht trin Vn ha dn tc, c l iu chng ta cn quan tm

n trc nht l lm mi cch khuyn khch v to phng tin cho mi ngi Vit nam,
d hi ngoi hay trong nc, u ni v vit c ting m ca mnh mt cch lu lot,
ng chnh t v ng vn phm.
cng l nguyn vng thit tha ca son gi khi bin kho tp sch ny.
V. BY IU LUT V DU HI NG
LUT HI NG gm c BY IU, nu chng ta chu hc thuc lng by iu ny, th s
vit ng ti 90% cc ch c du Hi Ng. Cn li li 10% l cc ngoi l, nu khng nh ht
th nn tra T-v, T-in, hay T-in.
BY IU CA LUT HI NG L:
1)
a. Tt c TING HN-VIT khi u bng:
- cc Nguyn-m A, , Y, O, , U, v
- cc Ph-m CH, GI, KH, PH, TH, S, X,
u vit du Hi.
b. Tt c TING HN-VIT khi u bng mt trong by Ph-m sau y, u vit du
NG: L, M, N, NG, NH, D, V
2) Tt c TING NM C GC HN-VIT u ty ting gc m b du theo lut:
"KHNG, SC, HI = HI;
HUYN, NNG, NG = NG"

3) Tt c TING NM N, KHNG C GC HN-VIT u ty ting chnh m b du

theo lut:
"KHNG, SC, HI = HI;
HUYN, NNG, NG = NG"
4) TING-NM-I m HAI TING U C NGHA th Khng theo Lut Trm Bng m
mi ting gi chnh t ring ca n.
5) TING-NM "LP-LY" l TING I c mt ting Khng ngha, hoc c Hai ting u
Khng ngha, th ting sau ty ting trc m b du theo lut
"KHNG, SC, HI = HI;
HUYN, NNG, NG = NG".
6) TING I v Thun-thinh-m m B BT mt du ging th KHNG THEO lut
"KHNG, SC, HI = HI;
HUYN, NNG = NG"
v l ting chnh lp li.
7) Tt c TING NI TT u vit Du Hi.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. CHNH T VIT NG, L-ngc-Tr, Trng Thi, Si Gn
2. VIT NG CHNH T T V, L-ngc-Tr, Thanh Tn, Si Gn, 1959
3. CHNH T T V, Trn-vn-Khi, Thanh-Trung, Si Gn, 1957
4. VIT NAM T IN, L-vn-c v L-ngc-Tr, Khai Tr, Si Gn, 1970
5. VIT NAM T IN, Hi Khai Tr Tin c, Trung Bc Tn Vn, H Ni, 1931
6. TI TP VIT TING VIT, Nguyn-hin-L, Vn Ngh, USA, 1988
7. HOA VIT THNG DNG T IN, Tng-vn-H. Si Gn, 1972
8. HN VIT T IN, o-duy-Anh, Trng Thi, Si Gn, 1957
9. VIT ANH T IN, Nguyn-nh-Ha, Tuttle, Vermont, 1966
10. VN PHM VIT NAM, Bi-c-Tnh, Trung Tm Hc Liu, B Gio Dc, Si Gn, 1968
11. T IN TING VIT, Hong-Ph, Vin Ngn Ng, H Ni 1994

PHN HAI
VIT NG HI-NG T V
VI. HI-NG CHNH T T V
Tuy c By Qui tc r rng v cch b du Hi Ng, nhng v c nhiu ngoi l nn kh nh ht
c. gip c gi trong nhng trng hp phn vn, chng ti son sn phn HI NG
CHNH T T V sau y c gi tin tra cu khi cn.
CCH TRA CH TRONG T V NY
1. i vi nhng ch kp th tra theo vn ca ch c du Hi hay Ng. V d mun bit ch i
trong An i vit du Hi hay Ng th tra ch i, hoc Bn trong D bn th tra ch Bn.
2. Nhng ch kp m ch c du Hi hoc Ng ng trc (v d Mu thn) s c sp trc, v
nhng ch kp m ch c du hi hc ng ng sau (v d Gng mu, K mu) th c sp sau,
ngha l Mu thn phn u ch Mu, Gng mu K mu phn cui ch Mu.
3. Nhng ch ng m c sp gn nhau cho d tm.
V d ch VY, c sp ngay sau nhng ch VI, VI, thay v theo th t ca mu t th phi
cch xa nhau, s khng tin cho c gi tra tm.
4. Ch Y sp chung vi ch I v khng c phn bit g trong khi pht m. Ch do thi quen m vit
Qu hay Qu.

A
--ch ngi n b o, c , m , oi , ng , -Rp.
i --ting ht ca kp ht i i! --ch qua li bin gii i quan, bin i, ca i, y i, t i (tht c t t)
m --ti tm m m.
ng --ci chu ln ng ng nc.
nh m nh, o nh, hnh nh, mn nh, nhip nh, tranh nh, nh hng; --anh y nh i ri.
o --mp m, nh tht o nh, o gic, o mng, o thut, o tng, o vng, huyn o; --bun phin o no.
m --b, bng trn tay con cn m nga.
ng --ting ch con ku ch con ku ng ng.
m m , m mc, m thp, m t, m m, m thc, c m, i m, m, m.
n --trn, lnh i, giu n c, n danh, n dt, n hin, n nu, n np, n nhn, n s, n s, n tnh, n , b n, tr n.
u --ma u th, thng u h t; --khng cn thn lm n u t, ni u qu; --nh ln u .

B
B --b y b i ri; --mi b vinh hoa, n phi b, b vai, bn b.

B --ht ct, ch cn xc b hm, b ma, b ru, b tru, cn b; bun b.

Bi bi hoi, chi bai bi, b h bi hi.
Bi --ch rng v di bi bin, bi bn, bi ct, bi c, bi ct tru, bi chin trng, bi mn, bi phn, bi sa mc, bi tha ma; -ngng, thi, ngh bi binh, bi b, bi ch, bi cng, bi chin, bi chc, bi hc, bi kho, bi min, bi ni, bi th, bi trng; bi
bui, bm bi, ba bi.
By --s 7, by ni ba chm, bng by.
Bm --d, th tc n bm, bm bm.
Bn --t, tp, bi, bn n, bn n, bn , bn hip c, bn kch bn nhc, bn nhp, bn sao, bn tho, bn cht, bn chc, bn
hng, bn km, bn lnh, bn l, bn mt, bn ng, bn mnh, bn nng, bn quyn, bn tnh, bn thn, bn th, bn v, bn x, n
bn, bi bn, bin bn, cn bn, c bn, ti bn, tc bn, vn bn, vong bn, xut bn, vn bn ng xung, xung tam bn; Nht
Bn.
Bng bng cu chng, bng en, bng s, bng tin, bng h danh, bng nhn (u nh), bng thng k, bng vng, bng yt th,
ng bng, treo bng, v bng, bng lng.
Bng thc bng, thit bng.
Bnh --v sang b ngoi bnh bao, bnh tn, bnh trai, chi bnh, din bnh, xi bnh, bnh mt.
Bo --qu bo kim, bo thp, bo vt, bo (bu) quyn, gia bo; --ch dy, biu ch bo, dy bo, rn bo, khuyn bo, bo ban; -gi, che ch bo an, bo bc, bo chng, bo dng, bo m, bo hong, bo him, bo h, bo lnh, bo mt, bo ph, bo qun,
nh bo sanh, bo tng, bo ton, bo tn, bo th, bo tr, bo trng, bo tr, bo v.
Bo --gi ln bo bng, bo lt, bo tp bo t, bo tuyt, ma bo, gp gi lm bo --m p hoi bo; --no, nhiu bo ho, bo mn.
Bm chm bm.
Bm --trnh ln bm bo, bm co, bm trnh, phc bm; --do tri ph cho bm cht, bm sinh, bm tnh, chm bm, lm bm.
Bm --mnh, th bo cy su cuc bm, b bm.
Bng --im bt, vng lu im bng, qun bng, bng i mt do.
Bn --d dy bn thu, d bn; --tng thiu bn cht, tng bn, ln bn, xn bn.
Bu --thiu l , v php n ni bu lu.
By --t t, ly li ng by ly, gim by sn; --dng n bn ln by ln (xeo, ny ln) n by, by ct nh, run by by, ly
by.
By --cm la by chim, by chut, cm by, gi by, t by, mc by, vng by.
B --bt, lm cho la ra b c, b gy, b khc, b mng, b tri cy; --bc i, sa li bc b, bt b, b tay li, vn b, vp b.
B --ng ngng, thn duyn phn b bng, lm b mt ngi ta.
Bm --ni nhiu bm ming, bm mp, bm bm.
Bn --dng h thn bn ln.
Bo bo mp, cht bo, chim cho bo.
Bo bc bo.
B --tan v ra b nt, b tan, b v, p b, b, rt b; --bin b i thuyn tnh, b c, b du, b kh, b khi, b ngh mun bnh.
B --ng tht thi la thi b, tht b, ng b th rn.
Bn --bn y (ni tt) bn, qua bn.
Bu --mnh nc, bu tht bu.
B --khinh khi b mt, b i, khinh b, th b; --kia, ngi kia b nhn, b th; bn b; nc B.
B --vn xu b cc thi lai, vn b.
Bin --vng nc mn bin c, bi bin, b bin, c bin, rong bin; --tm st, g... trn c ch bin hiu, bin s xe; --ly cp, la
bp bin ln, bin th.
Biu --by ra, t ra biu din, biu dng, biu hiu, biu l, biu ng tnh, biu th, biu ng, biu quyt, biu tnh, i biu,
biu, tiu biu; --b con bn ngoi biu huynh, biu mui; --t tu dng vua biu chng, biu tu; --ng h o hn th biu, phong
v biu; --bo, ra lnh ch biu, dy biu.

Bu --tr mi di ra bu mi, d bu.

Bnh bnh bt, bng bnh.
Bnh ph bnh.
B --khng gi li na b b, b chng, b d, b hoang, b ly, b liu, b lng, b ma, b ph, b qua, b qun, b ri, b st, b
v, b x, bc b, ph b, rung b; --thm v, vo b ba, b hnh, b mui, b ngi, b ng, b t, b tiu, b phn, b phiu,
b t; --ting chi th b b, b mng, b m! b ng, b nh.
B --cho ng cho b ght, cho b gin, chng b cng; v b (cha m u), b gi (ngi t gi).
Bm nhai bm bm.
Bm li b bm, ri lm bm, nh bp bm.
Bn --h tin, rt rng bn sn.
Bng --phng bng la, bng nc si, nng bng; xi hng bng khng, b bng, lng bng.
B --ba cho v ra b cau, b ci, b da, b lm i; --nh vo sng b gnh, nh b vo u, au nh ba b; --b vo, thm
sc b cu, b dng, b khe, b khuyt, b sung, b tr, b tc, bi b, tm b, thuc b, tu b, v b; vn b kho, ng b chng,
chy b sp, b nga, b dng, b nhm, b nhim.
Bi --mi nhy la ci bi, dm bi, thuc bi, giy bi.
Bn (Bn) bn bo, bn chc, bn o, bn mng, bn phn, bn x.
Bng --ging cao, ln cao bng trm, bay bng, bn bng, d bng, nhc (nhc) bng ln; --tin cp pht hc bng, lng bng,
bng cp, bng lc, hu bng; tha bng.
Bng --khng ng trc bng chc, bng dng, bng u, bng khng, bng nhin, nh bng.
B --mm, d ri ra b rt, t b; --c li d dng kim c mn b, bo b, tng b.
B --ng ngng, lng tng b ng.
Bi --nhn v, nguyn c bi u, bi th, bi vy, bi v.
Bn --a, gin, tru bn ct, a bn, d nh bn, ni bn m ha tht.
Ba --vy chung quanh ba ging, ba li, ba vy.
Bn --nt, n c bn, tht bn; --ri r, thi ch bn rn tay chn; --nh nhen, keo kit bn xn.
Bng da xanh bng, mt bng da ch.
Bui --mt phn ngy bui sng, tra, chiu, na bui, bui l, ngy hai bui, thi bui.
Ba --s ra, b ra ba cau, ba ci, ba khc.
Ba --bui n ba n, ba cho ba rau --mt ngy ba nay, ba n, ba kia, mi ba, my ba ry.
Bng --ngn chn vn bng, p bng.
Bi mi bi, tri bi, bi Bin Ha.
Bu / Bo --qu bu bu bi, bu quyn, bu thp, bt bu.

C
C c ci, c gan, c gin, c kinh, c lng c nc, c m, c nh, c l, c n, c quyt, c s, c thy, c v ln chng, c v lp
ming em, anh c, bin c, cao c, cy cao bng c, con c, ch i u c, n c, gi c, gi c, k c, v c, mc c, rung c ao
lin, ng hng c, tt c.
Ci --loi rau ln l ci bp, ci b xanh, ci r, cy ci tri, c ci --thay i ci bin, ci cch, ci chnh, ci dng, ci ha, ci hi,
ci hun, ci lng, ci to, ci t, ci tng, ci tin, ci thin, ci trang, ci lo hon ng.
Ci --chng li ci ba, ci bng, ci c, ci ly, ci ln, ci nhau, ci v, bn ci, trng s ci trc ta.
Cy --lm, kh d cy, trng cy.
Cm --dm, khng s cm t, dng cm, qu cm --bit bng cm tnh cm ng, cm gic, cm ha, cm hng, cm kch, cm
mn, cm ngh, cm n, cm phc, cm t cm tnh, cm tng cm thng, cm ng, cm xc, c cm, a cm, giao cm, mc cm,
tnh cm, thin cm thng cm; --nhim phi cm gi, cm hn, cm mo, cm nng.

Cn --ngn li, chng cn ng, cn ngn, cn tr, truy cn.

Cng --bn tu, bn xe hi cng, phi cng, nhp cng, xut cng, thng cng, xa cng, Hng-Cng (Hongkong); --ting snh b
cn cng, lng cng.
Cnh --b ci nhp cnh, xut cnh --phng gi, bo tin cnh binh, cnh b, cnh co, cnh gic, cnh st, cnh tnh, cnh v; --hnh
sc, s vt trc mt cnh o le, cnh hung, cnh kh, cnh ng, cnh sc, cnh trng, cnh tr, cnh tng, cnh vt, bi cnh,
hon cnh, phong cnh, quang cnh, t cnh, tnh cnh, tc cnh.
Cn cn nhn cn nhn.
Cng --chn ba chn bn cng, chng cng, chn cng, nh cao cng, cng gh, gim cng ku tri, ch con ku cng cng.
Cm --qu cm bo, cm nang, cm thch, cm t, thp cm, bng cm nhung, mu l cm, cy cm lai, ni lm cm.
Cn --khm vo cn c xa c, t cn; --d dt, cung knh cn co, cn mt, cn phng, cn tn, cn thn, cn trng, bt cn, knh cn,
tn cn, hp cn giao bi.
Cu --khng cn thn cu th; --ch cu tr, cu tc, hi cu, tranh vn cu; --cu y cu va i ra.
C c cy, c rc, bi c, ng nh kin c, gic c, ma c, nh c, rau c.
Ci cng ci.
Ci --cnh, vng ci m, ci bin thy, ci cht, ci i, ci lng, ci tin, ci trn, ci tc, lm vua mt ci, b ci, cm ci, gi ti
ci.
Cm ki cm, cm rm.
Cn --con nh y cn va i vi thng; --nh nht cn con.
Cng --mang trn lng ch cng em, cng rn cn g nh.
Cng --ca ng cng lng, cng xe la, ng cng, gc cng, kn cng cao tng.
C --c y; --b phn ca c th c chn, c hng, c tay, ct c, kin c, mc c, ngng c, nga c, rt c, cng c; --nc ct
tru c tru; --xa, c k c in, c h, c l, c l s, c kim, c knh, c ng, c nhn, c s, c s, c th, c tch, c truyn, c
vn, hoi c, kho c; c ng, c phn, c v, c phiu, c ng, c xu, c qui, bnh c trng.
C c xe, c quan ti c bi t sc; --mt bn n n c, dn c, c ci mm cao c y, ting cho cao hn c.
Ci --lt b, tho ra ci o, ci gip, ci giy, ci trn, ci g, ci m.
Ci --ci, gi cn ci, cy ci, t ci, gi ci; --gc, ci ci r.
Cn --ting khua cn cng, ln cn.
C --loi, , chng c chng, c no? l c, qu c, cc c, mc c, va c.
Ci xem ch Ci
Ci, Ci --ngi trn lng ci c, ci hc v tri, ci nga, ci sng, ci tru, ci xe p.
Cn ng cn, ngn cn cn.
C c u, c ci, c gng, c hnh, c khoai, c m, c ngh, c sn, c ti; --c t chc, nn np vic lm c quy c.
C --khng cn mi c k, c mm, c rch, c x, qu c lng xa, nga quen ng c, tnh xa ngha c.
Ca --ch quyn s hu ca ci, ca chm, ca ni ca ti, ca gian, lm ca, ca gia bo, ca hi mn, ca ng ti, ca, ca phi
ngha.
Ci --thn, cnh cy t ci uc, ci la, ci qu go chu, ch ci v rng, con ba ci.
Ci --lng nht nht t vo ci, tho ci s lng.
Cm cp ca cp cm.
Cn --ngn kh coi mc qun o cn cn.
Cng lng cng, cng c.
Cng --cng, nh nhau cng bng, cng bi, cng c, cng kh, cng nn, cng phi, cng vy, cng xong.
Cum --chim v mang i trm cum c, cum v ngi ta.
C c ch, c nh, c ng, c hnh, c ln, c nhn, c qun, c ta, c tri, bu c, cng c, c, thi c, tuyn c, ng c, nht
c lng tin.
C --lc, thi k c ghin, c rt, lm c, ung thuc chn c; --king, cm c n, c m, c tht, c ru, c tn, king c, c,

n b nm c.
Ca --li thng ra vo ca i, ca bin, ca hiu, ca cng, ca hng, ca l sch, ca no, ca ng, ca sng, ca s, ca t, ca
thin, ca Pht, cy ca, ng ca, gi ca, g ca, m ca, ca Khng sn Trnh, nh ca, ngng ca, cht mt ca t, rng ca,
tr ca, v v ca.
Ci --my dt canh ci, dt ci, khung ci, mc ci.
Ci xem Ci
Cng --nhy nht nhy c cng.
Cng --tn chim con chim cng; --bt p cng bch, cng bc, cng ch, cng chim, cng dm, cng ot, cng p,
cng gian, cng hnh, cng hip, min cng.
Cu --chn cu chng, cu huyn, cu ng, cu phm, cu trng, cu tuyn, sng Cu Long; --lu vnh cu, trng cu.
Cu --ci hm di cu, linh cu.

Ch
Ch --ting than cha ch! --khng, chng ch dm, ch nh; --cha y thng ch; --tn thc n ch c, ch la, ch gi, ch qu, bn
ch, kh ln ch phng; --b vai ch vai .
Ch l ri l ch.
Chi --g cho sun chi chut, chi u, chi giy, chi g, chi tc, ci bn chi, bn chi.
Chi vng chi.
Chy --di chuyn thnh dng chy mu, chy xi, chy rng rng, chy xit, thng lng chy re, nu cho ch chy.
Chng nhnh cy chng hai, nng chng nh thiu.
Chnh lm b chnh.
Cho -- chin, rang, xo cho n, cho st, cho gan, chin p cho.
Cho --th dy ln nh cho, dai nh cho.
Chn --s nguyn, trn chn cp, chn chi, chn chc, ngy chn, chn mt trm.
Chng --ch, khng chng bao gi, chng b, chng b, chng cng, chng c, chng cn, chng hn, chng l, chng my khi,
chng nhng, chng qua, chng th, chng trch, cc chng .
Chm --hon, chm chm ri.
Chn --xc nh chn bnh, chn on, chn mch; --tr gip chn bn, chn t; --ly bt chn bt tin lng, n chn tin hu hng,
bnh ban chn.
Chu --chm v tr mi chu m u lo, chu mi, chu mm.
Ch --tch ra theo chiu dc ch ci, ch lt, ch nan, ch lm i, ch nh ra, ch rau mung, ch tre, tnh ch si tc lm hai.
Ch cht ch.
Chm c chm, b con chem chm.
Chn --qun o cht mc o chn; --vch ngn tm chn dng.
Chm ngi chm ch.
Chnh chnh mng.
Ch --ngn, cm cm ch, nh ch; --mng lnh ch d, ch o, ch nh, ch th, phng ch, sc ch, thnh ch; --giy t bi ch,
chng ch, tn ch; --si nh may, thu ch hng, ch len, ch t, ch vi, bt ch, chy ch, kim ch, ng ch, rt ch, canh t ch vi;
--tr, hng v ch chc, ch dn, ch im, ch gio, ch nam, ch no, ch r, ch thin, ch trch, ch tr, ch v, m ch, a ch, tn
ch, chm ch, c ch, ch huy, ch, Giao ch, coi ch tay; --ch y nh v ch; --phm vi hn nh ch c, ch l; --1/10 ca 1 lng
hai ch vng.
Cha cuc cha, cy cha ba; --tr v hng cha sng vo hng, cha ming vo.
Chiu --cn c vo chiu chi, chiu d.
Chnh --sa li chnh b, chnh n, chnh hnh, chnh hun, chnh l, chnh t, chnh trang, iu chnh, nghim chnh, tu chnh, cu

vn chnh.
Chnh --ging ci lu chnh ng go, chnh ru, chnh tng.
Ch ci ch, cnh ch.
Ch --ni 2 tng c l y ci ch xi np; --xen vo ch ming vo, ch vo chuyn ngi ta; --chm ra ngoi nhnh cy ch
ra ngoi.
Chong --nh mnh chong vo u, chong nhau kch lit.
Chi --chng chi li, chng chi, la chi li.
Chm --nh, ngn chm u, chm ni, lc cn chm.
Chn ln chn.
Chng --gi cao ln chng gng, lng chng, nm chng cng.
Chng --ging tre nh chng tre, ging chng, lu chng.
Chng --vng ln chng gng, chng khu, chng mng, ghe chng mi, thng chng cht tri.
Ch --ni chn ch hay, ch d, ch lm, ch no, ch ngi, ch , ch anh em vi nhau, n b nm ch, l ch.
Chi -- dng qut chi ch, chi lng g, sao chi, ru chi.
Chi chi dy, chi bc.
Chm lm chm, n nh cha chm.
Ch --chuyn i ch chuyn, ch hng, ch ci v rng, che ch, chn ch.
Chm --nhn bn chm chm, lm chm.
Ch --k ng u ch bt, ch cht, ch ng, ch hn, ch hi, ch kho, ch mu, ch no, ch s, ch s, ch ta, ch tch, ch
tr, b ch, gio ch, minh ch; --ngi c quyn s hu ch in, ch hng, ch nh, ch nhn, ch tim, in ch, nghip ch, s
hu ch; --c ch trng ch chin, ch , ch ch, ch ha, ch kin, ch lc, ch ngha, ch tm, ch , ch yu, ch nht, ch
quan, ch quyn, dn ch, phn ch, kh ch, tn ch, thn ch, th ch.
Chun --sa son chun b, chun chi, chun ch, chun hnh, chun min, chun nhn, chun ph, chun tng chun y, chun y,
tiu chun.
Chm --ting ku khi rt vo nc rt nghe ci chm.
Chn --ngn, ln thp chn, ngn chn.
Chng --ging, loi chng loi, chng sinh, chng tc, chng vin, binh chng, d chng, dit chng, ng chng; --trng chng
u, chng t.
Chui --ht x xu chui b , chui h, chui ngc, xu chui; --thi gian chui ngy, chui su.
Chuyn --lm thay i chuyn bin, chuyn bng, chuyn ng, chuyn ma, lay chuyn, lun chuyn, uyn chuyn --di, gi i
chuyn di, chuyn t, chuyn , chuyn giao, chuyn hon, chuyn hng, chuyn ngn, chuyn nhng, chuyn t, chuyn tip,
chuyn vn, thuyn chuyn.
Ch --k hiu ghi ting ni ch Hn, ch hiu, ch k, ch nho, ch nm, ch ngha, ch quc ng, ch tng, ch trinh, ch vit
thu, hay ch, m ch, khng c mt ng mt ch.
Cha --c thai c cha c nghn, bng mang d cha, cha nm mt, cha hoang; --cha cha c, cha ri, cha xong.
Cha --tr, cu cha bnh, cha chy, cha tr, chy cha; --sa li cha li, cha thn, bo cha, sa cha.
Chi --ni li xc phm chi bi, chi bng lng, chi ng, chi mng, chi ra, chi th, chi ti, chi xi, chi xin chi xo.
Chng nut chng (nut trng), t b chng.
Chng --cha vng chng chc, chng chng, chp chng, lng chng.
Chng chng n, chng kh, chng l, chng qun, chp chng, phim chng, tiu thuyt chng.

D
D d d
D --lm cho bt d c, d l, d ru; --bun, mt d di; --ch hoang, qu ma d chin, d man, d s, d th, dn d, sn d,

thn d, kh d nhn, cng d trng, d tm, trng d.

Di --c hnh di v hp di o, di c, di ym, di tht lng, di sng, di ni, di i, di t.
Di --nc ming chy nc di, d di, thm nh di, mi di lng thng, di du ma nng.
Dy --hng di lin nhau dy nh, dy ni, dy ph, dy dinh th, hai dy gh.
Dn / Gin --tng di dy cao su dn (gin), dn (gin) gn ct.
Do --nc nh, lt mi nc mm do, tr do, nc ct do, c ph do.
Dm d dm, da dm. Xem thm Gim, Gim.
Dn cu hi d dn.
Dn --dt i, a n, dn chng, dn d, dn o, dn in, dn , dn ng, dn gii, dn ha, p dn, ch dn, ch dn, tin
dn, tiu dn, dn thy nhp in.
Du --d lm nhiu du, du ln; --cha mi ra du mm ra ch t.
Du --du, d du cho, du m, du rng, du sao.
Dy --c nhiu lm y dy.
D da d, mnh d, ht d.
D --st xung, ht xp d cng, d dt, d kht, t d.
Do --mm mi, bn dai do dai, do nho, do sc, mm do bnh do, go do cm.
D --khng knh n, khinh d ngi, khi d, khinh d
D --khng kh d bo, d chu, d coi, d di, d dng, d dy, d du g, d dng g, d g, d hn! d t, d s, d tnh, d thng.
D --h, h d hi, d li, d rng, d tai; --ni tt ch "d y" d l v ca dng.
D d ch, d h, d hu, d l d nhin, d vng, dn d, gia d, kh d, s d, bt c d, ht d, d n bo on, d ng b ty, d ha vi
qu, d thc vi tin .
Da da ht, da nhc, chn da, nh sc da.
Dim --p rc r dim l, dim phc, dim tnh, kiu dim.
Din din bin, din binh, din ca, din dch, din n, din t, din gi, din gii, din ging, din kch, din ngha, din t, din
tin, din thuyt, din tung, din t, din vn, din vin, din v, din xut, biu din, thao din, trnh din.
Dnh --thng minh dnh t, dnh ng.
Di --tip ni theo dng di, ni di, di gt, theo di.
Dm d dm.
Dng --dng thng ln dng tai nghe, ch dng ui, dong dng cao.
Dng --mnh m dng dc, ng dng lng
Dng --trn trung trung chng dng.
D --d, khuyn d dnh, d ngt, cm d, dy d, d d, khuyn d.
Di gin di, hn di.
Dm xem Dm
D -- ln cao, m ra d bng, d hng ln, d sch ra; --tr ra, li ra d thi v phu, d tr; --khng hay d t, d mt, d qu, d
t, gii d, hay d; --l chng d ba, d chng, d hi, d dang, b d, l d; --khng r tnh d d ng ng, d khc d ci,
d khn d di, d ngi d ngm, d ng d thng, d sng d cht.
D --ly ra d cm, d ch, d nn, d nh, d khoai, d tc, d tng mn, bc d hng ho, cn d (cn r).
Dm --gi, khng tt dm khng bn, mua lm hng dm.
Da, Gia da ca, da mng tay, gia ca, gia mng tay.
Dng --mnh, can m dng cm, dng lc, dng lc, dng mnh, dng s, dng tng, anh dng, tr dng.
Dui --gin ra dui cng, dui tay, dui thng ra.
D --hung bo d c, d dn, d di, d qu, d tn, gin d, hung d, th d; --qu lm c d, mc d, nhiu d, xu d, d kin
(xem thm Gi).
Dng --dng ln dng tc gy; --ng ln dng m; --khng lo ti dng dng.

Dng --nui dng bnh, dng dc, dng ng, dng gi, dng kh, dng lo, dng mu, dng nhi, dng sinh, dng
sc, dng tm, dng thai, dng thn, dng t, an dng, bo dng, b dng, bi dng, cp dng, dung dng, iu
dng, hon dng, phng dng, tip dng cha sinh m dng.

--nh o, ng ti, h, kch, ph, thng, thng, u , u , t, on .

i, nh, gin, kht, lm, qua, ri, xong, vy th, gii li ngoan; --ting bo ngng khoan ! ch
ht ma ! ngh ci ! ri lm tip, cc chng .
i --tht, x vi i bi, i ng, i khch, i ng, bc i, bit i, chiu i, i i, khon i, ngc i, tip i, trng i,
i lnh, u i; --tr ni hun i, gii i; --sng gn lc i sn, i ct tm vng, bn tro i tru, n i.
y --ti to bng vi y gm, y go, cp y, mang y, chim gi y.
m --nhn trch nhim m bo, m ang, m ng, m nhim; --gan d m lc, m lc, can m, khip m.
n Pht n, hunh n, qui n.
ng --phe, bn ng cp, ng b, ng phi, ng tr, ng vin; b ng, chnh ng, phe ng.
ng ng tr, ng t, du ng, l ng, phng ng, khong ng.
nh --phn cao nht nh ni, nh u; ng nh.
o --quay ln v tr o in, o ln, o ngc, la o; --nghing ng, o chnh, o lon, p o, khuynh o; --c lao bn
o, hn o, qun o.
m --li trong nc tru m bn.
n --cht tng on n cy, n ma, n khc, n tre.
ng --ko di rng r ng ng my nm tri
ng --bc, tng ng cp, ng hng, bnh ng, cao ng, ng ng, s ng, trung ng, ng ng, ng, gh ng, eo ng.
m --t nhiu m mu, m m hi, t m; b i lm m.
n, n --cht ra t khc t n; ln n l .
u gh u; sao Bc u.
y --x mnh, x ra y ca, y lui, y ra, y xe, y mnh, x y, a y, chi y y.
y --hi to, hi mp y , ngi bo y.
--sanh n cha, con so, non, sanh , ngy sanh thng , tin cho vay li, ni , ting m .
p .
n --tn rn
o lo o.
o --vt bng ba o gt, o g, o khot cht o, c o.
--nhng li li gi bao nhiu? --lu li bng, dnh, ca, ging, phn, gia ti li cho v con, vt thng
li tho; --b, thi nhau v chng b nhau; --chu tang, ch; --cm th p, ng; --ch mc ch cm n, nh ;
--thm vo dnh, mui, t, tiu; --t vo v tr u? trn bn, trong t, chm, () khng, l ra, ru,
tm, , i , trit .
--knh nhng bc anh hiu .
nh l nh.
u --la o gian tr u cng, u gi, chi u.
--gi mi dm im, tha, tnh, lm , thi bm.
a --con a ht mu a mn, a tru, eo nh a i, dai nh a, giy nh a phi vi.
a --da ng thc n chn a, m cm ra a, thi nm a, a nhc.
im im binh, im ch, im danh, im huyt, im mt, im tm, im trang, im ta, chm im, ch im, cc im, tc
im bc, a im, giao im, khi im, kim im, nhc im, quan im, t im, trang im, u khuyt im, yu im trng

im canh.
in in ch, in chng, in c, in hnh, in mi, in tch, n in, c in, kinh in, t in, t in cy in in.
iu --loi chim c iu, iu, hi iu.
nh --phn cao nht nh chung, nh u, nh ni, cht nh, c nh, tuyt nh, cy ng nh.
--mu hng sm au, bng, chi, cht, cuc en, lc n, gay, hoe hot, lm, lng, ngu,
i, rc, ng, s , vn .
on --ngn on cn, on ao, on hu, on kim, on k, on mng, on s, s on, n on hu, on thin tiu thuyt.
i --dy to buc tu buc i, dy i, t i, ht i, th i.
m lm m.
ng ng nh lm cao.
bc, b, b, chung, dn, ng, gin, ho quang, khng, king, li, la, mu, m hi,
nt, nho, quu, rit, rut, ti, tho, tha, trt, vi, v, v, x, bn bn tho, sp , nc
u vt, sp , trng hi, t tng; Tam nguyn Yn .
--cc th u ht xi , ht ; --h ; --trng tuyn k thi t, trng, thi ;--gh li, u li xe li, thuyn li; -loi chim quyn.
i --thay i, di i i chc, i di, i mi, i phin, bin i, i trng thay en, p i, sa i, trao i, vt i sao di.
i khng n i, qu i, i mt i kh xa.
ng ng binh, ng l, chi ng, nhy ng ng; Ph ng Thin Vng.
--tr gip dy, n, , b (b m), gip , nng , cha m u; --hng ly, n n, gt, li,
ngn, vt, b ; --gim bt bnh, i, kh, ngt, tn, tm .
m xem m.
--khng thiu n, dng, iu, loi, lng cnh, s, sc, th, ng , u , thiu .
a --2 que dng gp a bp, a con, u a, chi nh a, cy so a, tr a.
ui --tng i ui c, ui x, xua ui --rt theo ui bt k trm, eo ui, theo ui.
ng cy ng nh.
ng ng qun.
ng lng ng l .

E
n n n.
o dng i o l, tr o.
o vng ku o t.
--mun bnh mnh mun cm.
nh --phnh bng ra nh bng, con nh ng .

G
G --kt hn cho con gi g con, g ci, g bn.
G --ngi n ng g thiu nin, g kia.
Gi --co nh trn da gi ch nga, gi sn st, gi u gi tai, gi gh.
Gy, Gy --khy n gy n, n gy tai tru. Xem Khy.
Gy, Gy --t ri ra gy gnh gia ng, t gy xng, b gy, trm gy bnh ri; --rnh mch gy gn.
Gm --ngm, ngh k gt gm, suy gm s i.
Gu --gp chuyn cho vui tn gu, bn gu.

Gh --bnh ngoi da gh chc, gh hm, gh l, gh nga, gh phng, gi gh; --khng phi rut tht cha gh, m gh, d gh, dng
gh, con gh; --i x lnh nht gh lnh.
Gi --khng thc gi b, gi cy, gi chc, gi danh, gi dng, gi di gi , gi mo, gi s, gi tng, gi to, gi thit, gi thuyt,
gi th, gi t, gi trang, gi tr, gi v, bc gi, thit hay gi? --k, ngi din gi, c gi, hc gi, k gi, khn gi, son gi, s gi,
tc gi, thnh gi, thc gi, trng gi, vng gi, c gi c bo, gi l, hoc gi, kh gi.
Gi --hon li, xem Tr.
Gi gi bit, gi go, gi t, gic gi, gin gi, gic gi, thuc gi c.
Gii --ni r, thot ra khi gii p, gii ngha, gii thch, gii bi ton, bin gii, ch gii, ging gii, phn gii, gii cu, gii li
th, gii oan, gii ng, gii ta, gii ngh, gii phng, gii thot, gii tr, gii vy --tranh thng gii thng, tranh gii, git gii
qun qun; --a n ni no gii giao, gii t, p gii; --lm cho du bt gii bun, gii c, gii ha, gii kht, gii khuy, gii
kh, gii lao, gii su, gii nhit, gii phin, mm loa mp gii, gii php, gii phu, gii quyt, gii tn, gii th, gii tr.
Gii --by t lng mnh gii t, gii by tm s, gii d trung thnh, gii by ni oan c.
Giy, Giy --ca quy mnh giy cht, giy nh ch, giy gia, giy ny, giy t t, giy khc, c giy trn tht.
Gim --lm cho bt gim bnh, gim gi, gim hnh, gim khinh, gim st, gim th, gim ti, gim thiu, gim thu, n gim, tng
gim, ti gim, thuyn gim, gia gim.
Gin --s lc, d hiu gin d, gin lc, gin tin, gin yu, n gin, Phan Thanh Gin.
Gin co gin, ni gin, thun gin (xem thm Dn).
Ging --gii thch ging bi, ging dy, ging o, ging ng, ging gii, ging ha, ging s, ging vin.
Gio --gian xo, lc la gio hot, gio quyt, gian gio; --tht, ct gio i (tht c m cht) gio quyt, x gio --so snh gio gi,
gio t.
Giy --ca quy mnh c giy trn tht, giy cht, giy gia, giy ny.
Gim, Gim --p ln gim by, gim bp, gim bn, gim chn, gim nt, gim ln.
Giy --co cho sch giy c, giy m; giy gia (giy gia), giy ny (giy ny).
Gi --vi c lau chi gi lau, gi rch, ni gi, x gi.
Giu --a bn, lm tr giu ct, ch giu, h giu, ni giu.
Gi -- an ng gi bi, gi c, gi cn x.
Gii --c ti, hay gii giang, gii gin, hc gii, mnh gii, ti gii.
Ging --a ln con ch ging ui ln, ging tai m nghe.
Gi --l cng ngy cht gi chp, gi qui, gi t, m gi, n gi.
Gi --m ra gi tng trang sch, gi mnh khe la bp, gi th on, gi tr, gi ging e da --tr gi chng (tr chng), gi
mnh (tr mnh) gi mt (tr mt) gi qu (tr qu) gi gii (tr tri).
Gin --a, chc cho vui gin ct, gin chi, gin ht, gin mt, ci gin, a gin, ni gin, trng gin (Xem Rn).
Gi --rung cho sch gi o, gi bi, git gi, gi sch n trn, chim gi lng, Ngc Hong gi s (xem thm R).
Gia --mi cho lng ci gia, mi gia, gia ca, gia mng tay.
Gi --ct ly, theo ng gi ca, gi gi, gi gn, gi k, gi l, gi ming, gi mnh, gi , cm gi, canh gi, chng gi.
Gia --trung tm gia chng, gia dng, gia ng, gia thng, gia vi, chnh gia, ca gia, k gia, khc gia.
G --p nh vo cho ra ting g ca, g m, g nhp; --loi g qu cy g (g g), b nga g
Gi --tn mn n n gi, gi g, gi sa, gi tm tht.
Gng gt gng.
G gy g.
G g qu, g g, g tp, n g, khc g, tng g.
G --im khng lnh im g, ni g, qui g.
G --lm cho ht ri g ri, g u, g ti; --vt li g canh bc, g gc, g thua, cy g.
Gi, Gi gi gm, gi li, gi th, gi r, gi li thm, gi thn t khch, gi trng cho c, chn mt gi vng, n gi nm nh.
Gi gn gi.

H
H --ting hi vy h? ti ri h? --ting ci ci ha h, h h; --m ra au chn h ming, h ming mc quai; --tha lng h d,
h gin, h h, h hi, h lng.
Hi --bin hi cng, hi chin, hi o, hi l, hi ngoi, hi phn, hi quan, hi qun, hi sn, hi tc, hi triu, i hi, hng hi; -tn cy hi ng; --tn x Hi Dng, Hi Phng, Long Hi, Phc Hi.
Hi --s hi hng, kinh hi, s hi.
Hm --p bc hi hm ch, hm n, hm hi, hm hip, hm ti, hm thnh, hm trn; --gi li, cm li cm hm, giam hm,
hm xe li, hm my.
Hn --m hi pht hn, xut hn; --hung d hung hn; --t c hn hu.
Hng b hnh hng (ic), ng chng hng.
Hng --nh bun ln hng bun, hng tu, hng xng.
Hnh --h tri hnh nng.
Hnh hnh din, kiu hnh.
Ho --tt ho hn, ho hng, ho s, ho tm, ho , bt ho, ha ho, tuyt ho.
Ho --v ch lo ho, tic ho, ho huyn.
Hy --ting sai bo hy chm hc, hy cn thn, hy gc b ngoi tai --vn hy cn, tri hy cn ma --tm thi hy bit th .
Hm --hm su xung bc hm, hm ng.
Hm --h, ht ngon go ny hm; --khng ai hm hiu, hm ht; da hm, hm hm.
Hn hn hoi, t hn, b hn, chc hn, iu hn, bnh cha dt hn, khng hn nh th, xong hn.
Hng --ting bo: hy hng lm vic ny ! ri hng hay! n xong hng i!
Hy --y ra, ht ra hy t, hy tay ra, gi hy hy.
H --ng h nh l h, kt h, ngi ch h.
Hm --li i hp ng hm, ng hm, x hm, nh trong hm, hang cng ng hm.
Ho --vng ho lnh.
H --tha lng, vui v ni ci h h.
H --nu m h m, h c tin th mua c.
Hn --th nhiu th ho hn, th hn hn.
H h h, h mi, h s, h tn, h x, bo h, ci hi h, cung h, hoan h, h h, song h, chi ra h? vui qu h!
Him --nguy, c him c, him a, him c, him ha, him hc, him ngho, him nguy, him tr, him yu, bng him, ch
him, t him, thm him, thot him.
Hin --sng sa, v vang hin t, hin hch, hin hin, hin linh, hin nhin, hin thnh, hin vi, hin vinh.
Hiu --thu r, bit hiu bit, hiu lm, hiu ngm, chm hiu, d hiu, thng hiu.
Hnh --phng ln hnh mi, mi hinh hnh.
H ngi ch h.
Ho --la, gp ho bi, ho cng, ho chu, ho dim sn, ho u qun, ho hon, ho l, ho lc, ho mai, ho m, ha ngc, ha
pho, ho tai, ho tng, Ho Tinh, ho tin, ho thiu, ho tc, ho xa, B ho, cu ho, dn ho, du ho, hng ho, pht ho,
phng ho, t ho, tu ho.
Hoi --mt mi bi hoi.
Hon --chm li, khng gp hon binh, hon dch, hon i, ho hon, tm hon, tr hon.
Hong --s st hong hn hong va, hong ht, hong s, khng hong, kinh hong, la hong, m hong.
Hong, Hong --loi hu nh chy mau nh hong.
Honh --ro nc ro honh.
Hi --xin cho bit hi cung, hi han, hi ti, hi thm, hi v, n hi, l hi, tra hi, xt hi, bnh hi, chi hi, du hi, i hi, vay

hi.
Hm --lm su v hp su hm, hm xung.
Hm --khuyt su vo mt hm v thiu ng.
Hn -- lt tr mi sanh hn.
Hng --h, thi rt hng bt, hng mt, hng thi, hng vic, xi hng bng khng; --cao khi mt t hng cng, nh hng, d hng,
treo hng ln.
H --thn, ti h ngi, h thn, ti h, xu h; --cp h bo, mnh h, h khu, h phch, bng h danh, lm hm lm h, cao h
ct, rn h.
H --ln nhau h tng, h tr, h gi vin.
Hi --nng cn ln hi bnh cn nng hi.
Hi --hi ny (ni tt) hi gi (hi ny ti bygi) hi i!
Hm --hm y ba hm, hm ry.
Hn th hn hn.
Hn --v l, xc lo hn u, hn ho, hn lo, hn xc, lm hn, ni hn; --ln xn hn chin, hn n, hn hp, hn lon, hn tp.
Hng --khng kn trng hng, l hng; --khng ni hng c, hng bit.
H --khng kn h ca, h hang, h mi, h rng, h, hm h, hn h, k h, khe h, l h, s h, o h lng, lm khng h tay.
H hc h.
Hi --vui d hi d, hi lng.
Hi --ting than hi i! hi ng bo! tri i t hi.
Hn --vui mng h hn.
H --c k h bi, h h, h ho, h lu, h nho, h tiu, h tc, u h.
H --lu nh b ming h go, h mm, h ru, c h cau, c h da.
Hi ht hi, ci hi, phong hi.
Hng --ln xung ch hng.
Hy --ph, b hy b, hy dit, hy hoi, hoi hy, ph hy, thiu hy, tiu hy.
Huyn huyn hoc, n huyn.
H --h? h? i u h? khng i h? mi v ti h?
H h, h h.
Hng --hng tri hng sng, h hng.
Hng hng h.
Hng --c c cho mnh hng dng, hng lc, hng lc, hng phc, hng th, hng ng, nh hng, m hng, cng
hng.
Hu --c hu danh, hu dng, hu duyn, hu hn, hu hnh, hu ch, hu sn, hu ti, chp hu, chim hu, c hu, cng hu,
quyn s hu, hu x t nhin hng; --bn tay mt hu dc, hu ngn, hu phi, cc hu, t hu; --anh em bn i hu, bng hu,
o hu, gio hu, tnh bng hu, hu ngh.
H, H h s, h tn, h x, bo h, cung h, hoan h, song h; h h, h mi, vui qu h.

I
--hi t m , i , ; --ngm ngm au m , tri m ; --ku than nn n i.
m , n .
a --i tiu, i tin a chy.
m ca ng im m
nh con nh ng nh ng
u --b m lm cho mm iu u.

Y
--cy th, da vo giu, gii, li, ti, quyn, th, y.
Ym --tr gip ym h, ym tr; --m, m ym ba, ym ti, ym tr
Yu --cht non yu tng, cht yu; --mm mi tht tha yu iu.

K
K --ngi k c, k cp, k gian, k hn, k ngho, k th; --v, gch hng k ch, k lng my, giy c k hng,
thc k; --bi ra k vch, tnh a k xu ngi ta.
K --khe nh, ch h k ca, k tay, cn k, gi k, xen k.
Km --kim loi trng dy km gai, mi km, m km, thng bng km, tin km, trng km.
Kng --din sang n mc kng.
Ko --khng th th phi chm hc ko dt, mau mau ko tr.
Ko ting vng ko kt.
K --thut li, coi nh k chuyn, k cht, k cng, k l, k nh, k n, k ra, k r, k trn, chng k, c k l,
khc k, khng ng k.
Ka hm ka hm kia.
Kim --xem li, sot li kim chng, kim duyt, kim im, kim c, kim k, kim li, kim lm, kim
nghim, kim nhn, kim sot, kim tho, kim tra.
King --cnh, cy nh cy king, chi king, trng king, king cha, mt king hai qu; --chung nh th
king, king chung bo hiu.
King --nhn king chn, king gt.
Kiu kiu cch, kiu c, kiu mu, kiu v, chn kiu, da kiu.
Ku ting vng a ku kt.
Knh --knh, tn trng knh lm anh, knh nhng.
K, K k vt, k yu, k lc; --thn mnh ch k, t k, tri k, v k; --php tc bt buc k lut, k cng; --ch
thi gian k nim, k nguyn, nin k, th k, K Du, K Su; --gh ngi, mm nh gh trng k, k tr.
K, K --ngh k ngh, k s, k thut, k xo; --gi tha k n, ca k, k vin; --mt nhiu cng k cng, k
lng, nhn k, n no ng k.

Kh
Kh --c th kh i, kh d, kh knh, kh nng, kh nghi, kh , kh quan, bt kh khng, v k kh thi.
Khi khi hon, khi hon mn
Khy khy n, khy mng tay; ci khy.
Khm khm xa c, khm vng, tm khm, qu Khm.
Khn --kh ro khn c, khn ting.
Khng n ni khng khi.
Khnh --nh th dng ngi mnh khnh.

Kho --tra xt kho chng, kho c, kho ca, kho cu, kho duyt, kho gi, kho hch, kho nghim, kho st,
kho th, kho xt, ch kho, gim kho, phc kho, s kho, tra kho.
Khm --nng v y thuyn ch khm.
Khn khn tnh (gt gng); mi khn khn.
Khng --gy cm khng kheo, khng khiu; --tha nhn l ng khng nh.
Khn --khai ph t hoang khn in, khn hoang, khai khn, trng khn; --cu xin khn cu, khn khon, khn
nguyn, khn yu; --gp khn cp, khn thit, khn trng, thng khn, ti khn.
Khu --ming khu cung, khu i bc, khu hiu, khu kh, khu lnh, khu phn, khu pht tm x, khu sng,
khu thit, khu truyn, khu c, khu thuyt v bng, khu v, khu, hi khu, cm khu, ca khu, gi hm
lo khu, h khu khai khu, nhn khu, nhp khu, xut khu.
Kh --nh cho b ln ln kh ln, kh ming snh; --nh nh vo pht kh tay, kh chn.
Kh --nh nh kh gt u, ni kh, hi kh, khe kh.
Khnh nm khnh, rng khnh, i khp khnh.
Khu i kht khu.
Kh kh ci, kh dc, kh t, kh kh, kh khn, kh mc, r kh, thng kh, ni kh ho c gy, rung cy nht kh,
cy cu kh.
Kha --lin tip thua kha ba bn, trng kha hai bn.
Khin --sai khin, trch iu khin, khin trch, tiu khin.
Khing --bn cao bn thp khing chn, khp khing.
Khnh khu khnh, khinh khnh.
Kh --nh nh vo kh ca, kh u, kh m, kh nhp.
Kho kho nc, kho mt, kha cho bng mt, kho lp, khuy kho, kho thn.
Khoi khc khoi.
Khon khon i, bi khon, iu khon, khn khon, lu khon, ti khon, tn khon, tng khon.
Khong khong cch, khong i, khong ba gi khuya, khong chng, khong ng, khong trng, khong
thi gian, khong khot.
Khonh khonh t, khonh khc, khonh rung, thnh khonh.
Kho --mnh, khng au kho n, kho khon, kho mnh, khe ru, kho thn, b kho, sc kho, ngi bnh
kho, ngh kho, thuc kho.
Khi --khng cn khi bnh, khi cn, khi lo, khi ni, khi s, chy khi, i khi, qua khi, thot khi, trnh
khi, trn khi, tai qua nn khi.
Khng lng khng
Kh kh i, kh ch, kh cng, kh dch, kh giy, kh hnh, kh hnh, kh no, kh nn, kh nhc, kh nhc,
kh sai, kh s, kh tm, kh thn, kh vi, b kh, b kh, cng kh, c kh, cc kh, cu kh, kh, gian kh,
hp kh, khc kh, khn kh, khun kh, lao kh, ni kh, ngho kh, qu kh, rng kh, t kh, su kh, tri
kh qua.
Khn nguy khn, vy khn.
Khng Khng T, Khng Minh, Khng gio, Khng Mnh, ca Khng sn Trnh; khng l; --khng khng
(hng) chu.
Khi --bt u khi chin, khi cng, khi u, khi im, khi hnh, khi hn, khi lon, khi ngha, khi pht,
khi s, khi tho, khi thy, khi t, khi xng, hng khi, phn khi, qut khi, s khi, mng khp khi.

Khun vi khun.
Khng --s hi khng b, khng hong, khng khip, kinh khng.
Khuyn --ch khuyn m, khuyn ng.
Khunh khunh t (xem Khonh).
Khuu khuu tay, ng i khc khuu
Kh --tr, b i kh c, kh t, tr kh, kh th, kh trng.

L
L --yu sc i l, mt l; --khng ng n l li, l la, l lt, o l; --rch, tt t l u gi; --ri rc ma ri
l t.
L nc l, lm n l l, l ri l ch.
Li ni li nhi.
Li l li, li li, tin li, ly cng lm li, cho vay nng li, li sut; --giun trong rut li a, li kim, sn li, sn
li, con li.
Ly, Ly --dng tay tch ra ly bp, ly u, ly l, ly c sng.
Lm ni lm nhm, nhai lm lm.
Lm duyt lm, lch lm, nhn lm, trin lm.
Ln th ln cng i ln lng
Lng lng cng, lng , lng tai, lng nhch, lng trnh, lng vng, lng xt, lng sang chuyn khc, lng i ni
khc, l lng, khuy lng, lnh lng, xao lng, bng lng.
Lng --khng b buc lng du, lng ng, lng mn, lng ph, lng qun, lng t.
Lnh --m thanh cao lanh lnh, lnh lt.
Lnh lnh cha, lnh cung, lnh m, lnh gio, lnh hi, lnh lng, lnh n, lnh th, lnh thng, lnh vc,
bn lnh, bo lnh, cng lnh, hng lnh, pht lnh, qun lnh; --chc quan lnh binh, lnh s; --ng u lnh
o, lnh t, thng lnh, th lnh.
Lo lo o.
Lo --gi lo u, lo b, lo bc, lo gia, lo gi, lo khu, lo luyn, lo phu, lo thnh, lo trng, cy lo,
dng lo, nguyt lo, ra lo, trng lo; Lo T, Lo gio.
Lu --thuc lu lu thng, thuc lu.
Ln --sn cht bo ln, i vai trn ln; ln mn.
Lng lng lng, khu lng, lng lng, lng nhng; --khu gi lng l, cp mt lng, ci lng, tnh lng.
Lm --gi cht lm lm.
Lm lm bm, lm nhm, lm rm, cha gi m lm cm.
Lm p lm, lm la, lm lit, mi bit i lm m, oai phung lm lm.
Ln ln khut, ln lt, ln np ln qun, ln qut, ln thn, ln trnh, ln trn.
Ln c ti ln anh, gip ln nhau, trn ln; --lm ln, hay qun gi ln, ln ln, lm ln, l ln, ni ln.
Lu lu c, lu ln, nu lu, n ni lu bu.
Ly run ly by, ly c sng, ly (trch ra) mt cu Kiu.
Ly ly lng, lng ly, ci ly, ni ly, ly n, gin ly.
L --khng i l bn, l by, l loi, l t, bn l, chn l, tin l, mt trm l nm, s l.

L ly l, phn l mn, v l, lng l; --ci l phi vy l d nhin, l no, l phi l ra, l s, l thng, ci l, c
l, chng l, l, hp l, khng l, l l, qu l, tri l.
Lm --bn lm sc lm, lem lm.
Ln --ln, ln i ln trn, ln i mt, trm ln vo nh; --rt r ci ln ln, b xn ln.
Ln --dng h thn bn ln.
Lng kng --ting khua
Lo lo l, lo mp, ht lo, lng lo, mch lo, tho lo, chi leo lo, nc trong leo lo.
Lo lnh lo, lt lo, lo o.
L --dng vt nhn cy ln ct l, l gai, l mn, l c b thy l n, dng kim l ci dm ra, k l.
L --c php tc l , l php, gi l, ngy l, ngh l, thi l; --em ti vt cu l ci, l hi, l lc, l vt,
dng l, snh l, l m --by t knh l bi, l b, l gio, l nghi, l ngha, l nhc, l phc, hnh l, min l, t
l, tht l, v l.
Ln ln thn
Lnh lnh lng, su b lnh nghnh.
Lu nhn lu, lu ngoi da, may lu mi kim, lu lo, bp lu.
Lim nguyt lim, nin lim, hu lim, thu lim.
Lin lin trng, lin i, vit lin, treo lin, dn lin, i lin cn.
Ling thua xing ling.
Liu liu ng hoa tng, liu b, liu yu o t, bng tai l liu, dng liu, my l liu, bnh hoa liu, kt liu.
Lnh lnh knh, lnh lng, lnh nghnh, lu lnh, n lnh u mt ri?
Lnh, Lnh lnh gio, lnh hi, lnh lng, lnh n, lnh , lnh thng, lnh vc, liu lnh, qun lnh.
L --trn ln l mt ngc nhin.
L --li ln, l ra mi l.
Lo lo l, lo th, ng lo, tc lo xo.
Long --khng c mc long, mu long, pha long, cho long.
Li len li, ln li, lun li, tri li, thng li con.
Li li cy, li bp, li i, lc li, n chi li, li du hn gic g, ting Nm Li.
Lm --ln lt hc lm, nghe lm.
Lm --tht vo m lm ng tin, ri lm bm, lm chui, gia lm, li lm.
Ln ln ca sau, ln chn, ln i, ln ln, ln tn, ln vo, thon ln, qun x ln.
Lng lng chng, lng khng, lng ngng, lng le, lng lo, ci lng bng, buc lng, cho lng, c lng, giam
lng, nm lng, th lng, mi dy lng.
Lng ni canh lng bng, lng thng, lc lng.
Lng lng chng, lu lng, trng lng.
L ba l ban, l u, l n, l hang, l hng, l kim, l l, l li, l mng, l ming, l mng, l mi, l tai, l
b, o l, gii l, khot l, lng l, th l, xoi l, gn xung l, n ba gi l ba cy.
Li --sai, iu quy li duyn, li o lm con li hn, li lc, li lm, li thi, cung n li nhp bt li, cha li,
chu li, li, hi li, phm li, sa li, tha li, th li, ti li, xin li.
Lm lm chm, lm ngm lm lm.
Ln ln ngn, khua ln cn.
L --st ra, rt ra ni l, l, v l, xoi l tri long t l; --b gh khot l lot, l li, gh l.

L l ba, l bc, l c, l cuc, l chng, l dp, l d, l duyn, l ng, l lng, l li, l thi, l tay, l
tu, l lm, d l.
Lm lm chm.
Ln ln vn.
L b l, c l, lam l, l lt, ma l, l kin n ong, l lt, nc l, tng l.
La la ta .
Li li i, li mt, li v bi, li thi, li trn, lm li, tri li, rau hng li.
Lui --mt qu sc i lui, mt lui.
Lm --n gn c ming bc lm, lm khng lm.
Ln --ngn, vn, nh. o ngn ln cn, thp b ln cn, ln mn ln mn.
Ln mm ln (mm nhn)
Lng lng lng, lng lnh, ni b lng cng, c lng cng, cu vn lng cng, lung l lng lng; --thng
lng l, chc lng, m lng, xoi lng, qun lng y.
Lng thung lng, lng on.
Lu tch lu, lu tha, lu tin, lu tre xanh; --thnh, ro chin lu, n lu, ho lu, thnh lu.
L --l i l, mt l, nhc l, say l.
L l im, l on, l hnh, l khch, l qun, l th, l x, qun l.
La la ci, la dc, la hn, la lng, la tri, bn la, binh la, cha la, d la du la, da la, la, kin
la, ny la, ni la, nm la, nhy la, xe la, nhm la, b cp la, rn h la, thi la, th la, tnh nng nh
la.
La c ln la mi.
Lng b lng, lp lng, l lng, lng lng, qun lng, n lng d, treo lng l.
Lng mt lng ( lng), sng lng, lng chng, lng ng l , lc l lc lng, l lng, lng l, i
lng thng, lng th lng thng.
Li li bo, li cy, li g, li cu, li ca, li l, li dao, li gm, li hi, li khoan, li khng
xng, trng li lim, u mi cht li, ming ln li mi, nn li trai, c li tru.
Lng lng, k lng; --hai, mt i lng ban, lng cc, lng din, lng l, lng quyn, lng th,
lng ton, lng c, lng vin quc hi, nht c lng tin, tn thi lng nan, lng u th ch.

M
M --ch chn ngi cht m m, bc m, o m, giy m, g m ca m, mo m g ng.
M -- bng giy t cng m, t m, hng m, th m, vng m; --dng b ngoi gi ra m, tr m, tt
m r m; --nga binh m, ph m, k m, khuyn m, xe song m, ht bi tu m, m thng anh hng, trng
tri m lc; --tn cy, tn bnh cy m , cy m tin, bnh x tu m; --du hiu mt m, m s, m t; --tn
qu m no; --tn x M-Lai, La-M; bn m t, dao m tu.
Mi --ham m, c mi ham chi, mi hc, mi m, mi mit, mi lo.
Mi --lun lun, hoi mi mi, ni mi, ch mi ti khuya, ngh mi khng ra; --mua bn (Mi) mi dm, mi l,
mi v, to mi, thng mi.
My my may, my lng, ngi tro my.

Mn --trn, y mn cuc, mn i, mn hn, mn kha, mn kip, mn k, mn nguyn, mn nhn, mn

phn, mn tang, mn tic, bt mn, nhn mn, sung mn, t mn, tha mn, vin mn; Mn-Chu, Mn Thanh.
Mng mng lo chi qun hc, trc mt mng da, chic mng (ci b nh), tri mng cu, bn mng, chnh mng.
Mng n ni l mng.
Mnh mnh bng, mnh chiu, mnh giy, mnh gi, mnh g, mnh gng, mnh hng nhan, mnh khnh, n
mnh, mnh mai, mng mnh, mnh v y, mnh vn, thn hnh mnh d.
Mnh ma mnh, ng mnh, ranh mnh; --mnh mnh h, mnh lit, mnh lc, mnh th, mnh tin, dng mnh.
Mo --bao trn mo ht mn hng, lnh lm mo, mua mo ht; --m i o mo, m mo; --tui Mo nm Mo,
gi Mo, thng Mo, tui Mo.
Mn --hi mn mn mn, c kho mn; --nh ln mn, tn mn, tm mn.
Mm chc mm.
Mm --mp trn bo mm, tru c mm.
Mn m mn, tn mn.
Mn mn cn, mn t, mn tip, cn mn, minh mn, mui mn.
Mu --on ngn, nh mu bnh, mu chuyn, mu i, mu g.
Mu --m mu hm, mu hu, mu h, mu nghi, mu quc, mu s, mu thn, mu t, tnh mu t, b mu,
dng mu, hin mu, k mu, lo mu, nh mu, ph mu, s mu, t mu, t mu; --kiu mu mc, gng mu,
kiu mu, khun mu, ngi mu, ra mu; --n v o t, tn hoa so mu, hoa mu n.
My mnh my.
M --st, b cht t dao m, chn m, khn m, st m; --chuyn, lt mt m c, ko mt m li, b mt m
trm, con m (con m y), mt m, mi m.
M mnh m.
M --go m cc, go trm m.
M t m
M, M m cm, m l, m mn, m miu, m nhn, m ngh, m n, m sc, m phm, m quan, m thut, m
tu, m vin, m v, m , hoa m, chn thin m; u M, M Chu, m kim, M Quc.
Ma ma mai, ni ma, ci ma.
Min --cho, khi, tha min chp, min cu, min cng, min dch, min l, min ngh, min nhim, min ph,
min thu, min t, min ti, min trch, min tr, bi min, x min; --ch cn ... l c min l, min sao; -ng xin min vo, min hi.
Ming --mnh b nh ming chn, ming chai, ming snh, ming va.
Miu --cha nh, am miu b, miu ng t, miu thnh, nh miu, cao nh tre miu.
Mm --ci h ming mm ci, mm mm.
M --ming loi th m chim, m chut, m heo, qut m, khua mi ma m; --vng t c khong cht m bc,
m ch, m km, m than, m vng, o m, hm m, khai m, phu m; --tn vt m c, m hn, m neo, ci m
vt, chim m nht, ni mt ni m, mng m
M --nhc kh bng g chung m, nh m, m to, m hi mt, g m, thng m.
Mi --mt, r rit mi chn, mi c, mi lng, mi mt, mi m, mi mt, mi ming, mi tay, mong mi, mn
mi, nhc mi.
Mm --phn de ra mm , mm ni, mm gnh.
Mm --ming loi th mm ch, mm heo.

Mn --ht hi sc mn ch, mn hi, mn sc, thn mn.

Mng --khng dy mng dnh, mng lt, mng manh, mng mnh, mng tanh, mng te, dy mng, giy mng,
mi mng, phn mng, vi mng, cam mng v.
Mng --mng t to mng, vu mng.
M --dng m m bt c m c, g m thc, chy m; --x banh ra khoa m x, s m, m bng, m rut, m t
thi.
M --ti, ting t xng nh m y, m tn l ...
Mi --tng ci mt mi khi, mi ln, mi lc, mi mi, mi mt, mi ngy, mi ngi, mi th, mi vic.
M --tho ra, khui ra m banh, m bt, m ca m ng, m hng, m h, m h, m hoc, m hi, m li, m
mang, m mn, m mt, m ming, m rng, m toang, m tri, m tung, ci m, p m, m cuc iu tra, g
m ca m, m u bui hp.
M --cht bo m b, m chi, m g, m gu, m sa, du m, khoai m, lng m, mng m, mu m, thng m,
tht m, tre m, trng m, rn snh ra m, nh mo thy m.
Mn --hi trng, ti, mt nc da mn, mn mn.
M --nha trong da cy m cy, m cao su, m mt, m sung, m trm; --cht c ni gh m mu, chy m,
chch m, nn m, cng m, ra m, lm m lm nht hoi! --m y m mi va i khi.
M --mo, nn m cnh chun, m ni, m li trai, ng m cho mang ru i m.
Mi mi lng.
Mi -- th v ngi mi cao, mi dc da, mi gy, mi hnh, mi di, mi l, mi xp, bt mi, h mi, kht
mi, l mi, nght mi, nhy mi, nn mi, s mi, sng mi, cn mt mi no; --phn nhn mi dao, mi di,
mi giy, mi khoan, mi kim, mi li, mi nhn, mi tu, ln tn mi n, chch mt mi thuc, t chi mi.
Mui --con mui mui c, mui n xc, mui mng, p mui, nhang mui, rui mui, thuc xt mui.
Mm mm mm.
Mng thng mng, i mng (thuyn nan trn)
Mung -- mc thc n mung na, mung xp, mung c ph.
Ma --i vt, nn ra bun ma, i ma, mun ma, nn ma, a ma, i ma, ma mu, ma ti mt xanh.
Mng --li, kiu, iu quen mng c, c ci mng hoi.
Mu cu ht th lc bt u hoc cui bi ht ni.
M (xem M)

N
N --bn mnh n n --tm bt n trc, tm n, tp n, truy n; N-ph-Lun.
Ni --nhiu tri kt li ni chui, tr ni, tay ni (ti vi c quai eo).
Ny --tr, pht ra ny bng, ny chi, ny lc, ny la, ny mm, ny n, ny sanh, nng ny.
Ny --lc va qua ny gi, ban ny, hi ny, khi ny, lc ny.
Ny, Ny --a ra, n ra ny bng, ny ngc, git ny mnh, ny nga, nung ny, cm cn ny mc.
Nn --ng lng, chn nn ch, nn lng, bun nn, chn nn.
Nng --nng y.
No --bi vit nhp no n, no th, ra no.

No --bun, phin no lng, no n, no nng, no nut, no rut, o no, kh no, phin no, su no, thm no;
--c, tr ha cn no, ch no, tm no, tr no; --loi long no, m no.
Nm --nm y (ni tt)
N --nt ra t n, l n, nt n, ci nh nc n.
No ch no a ng, khp cc no ng.
N --king d n li, n mt, n nang, n v, c n, king n, knh n, v n.
N --vi dt bng lng o n, mn n, nn n, n non, ni n, nn n.
Na mung na.
Ning i x ning, xing ning.
Nnh nng na nng nnh.
N --ci n bn n, cung n.
Non --trng non bo, non so.
Nn --bp non, p nn cau, nn tre, cy mi ra nn, trng nn, nn n.
N --bt thnh ting n bng, n my, n vang pho n, sm n, sng n
N n lc
Ni --khng chm, ni bt, ni bt, ni cn, ni phnh, ni tri, chm ni, ca ni, ghe ni, tri ni, ba chm by
ni; --dy ln, pht sinh ni cn, ni danh, ni dy ni dng, ni in, ni gic, ni gin, ni hch, ni khng, ni
la, ni lon, ni mn ni nng, ni c, ni sng ni vng, ni xung; --kham c chu ni, lm ni, tr ni, vc
ni.
Ni --tnh cnh, tm trng ni bun, ni lng, ni nim tm s, ni su, nng ni ny, ng kia ni n, khng
n ni no.
Nng --ch t cao g nng, nng ct.
N g n, hoa n, ny n, nim n, nc n, sinh n, su n, n my n mt, n mi, n nang, n gan, n nhy
khai hoa, n n ci, g con mi n
N --nh lng chng n, sao n nh, n lng no.
Nm --ting mng nm!
Nng --nhng nho nng nu, lm nng.
N --con gi, n b n cng, n gii, n nhi, n hong, n kit, n lu, n sc, n sinh, n s, n trang, i n,
cung n, chc n, lit n, m n, ph n, thc n, trinh n
Na --phn na na bui, na cn, na chng, na m, na ng, na gi, na ma, na sc, na vi, na nc
na m, na ngi na ngm.
Na --hy cn, cha ht na thi? cn na, cht na, hn na, lt na, na l.
Nu c tn thnh ph.

Ng
Ng --no, li i phn chia i ng, ng chia ba ng, i ng no? --nghing, h xung ng lng, ng mnh nm,
ng m cho, ng nn, ng nghing, ng nga, o c ng mu, bng ng x t, ng ngn, ng xiu ng t, ng
qy.
Ng nghit ng; --ta, ti bn ng, duy ng, v ng; --ni c nhiu ng r ng ba, ng t, ng by, trc ng ba
cuc i; --t, ln xung ng bnh, ng b chng, ng chng gng, ng chi, ng gc, ng gi, ng lng, ng

ln, ng l, ng mn, ng ln pho, ng nho, ng rp, ng ng, sa ng, ng nc, ng nga, ng rp, ng sp, vp
ng, vt ng, x ng, du ng, ch ng em nng.
Ngi --cy thuc ngi cu, ngi dip, ngi m, ngi ngh b ngi, ba ngi, mc ngi, thy ngi.
Ngi --ngha, tnh ngha nhn ngi, n ngi, tnh Qung Ngi. (Xem Ngha)
Ngnh, Ngonh --xoay v mt pha no ngonh c, ngonh i, ngnh (ngonh) mt lm l.
Ngn --vn, ngn ct ngn, ngn ngn.
Ngng --bp hp li tht ngng c bng.
Ngm ngn ngm, nga ngm.
Ngm --suy gm, ngh k ngm ngh, suy ngm, nghin ngm, ngm s i.
Ngn -- ra ngn mt lm thinh, ngn ngi, ngn ng, ngn t te, ng ngn.
Ngng --ngng ln ngng c, ngng u, ngng mt, ngng nhn.
Ngu --tnh c ngu duyn, ngu hng, ngu hp, ngu nhin, bin ngu, giai ngu.
Nghn --khng thng nghn c, nghn li, mc nghn, tc nghn.
Ngho xem Ngoo.
Ngho ci ngt ngho.
Ngh b ngh mun bnh, cy ngh, l ngh.
Ngh ngo ngh.
Nghn --vng ln nghn c, nghn u.
Nghnh nghnh ngng (ic tai).
Nghu ngt nga ngt nghu, nghu nghn.
Nghu --tht cao cao nghu, nghu nghn.
Ngh --khng lm vic ngh chn, ngh hc, ngh h, ngh l, ngh mt, ngh ngi, ngh php, ngh vic, nm ngh.
Ngh --suy xt ngh bng, ngh cch, ngh li, ngh mu, ngh ngi, ngh tnh, ngh ti, bit ngh, lo ngh, ngm
ngh, suy ngh, thin ngh, thit ngh, trm ngh, ngh, ngh th no? tht l kh ngh.
Ngha ngha bng, ngha bc, ngha c, ngha en, ngha a, ngha hip, ngha huynh, ngha kh, ngha mu,
ngha n, ngha ph, ngha qun, ngha s, ngha t, ngha trang, ngha v, n ngha, bc ngha, bt ngha, ct
ngha, chnh ngha, ch ngha, gii ngha, kt ngha, l ngha, phi ngha, tn ngha, tnh ngha, tit ngha, trng
ngha, trung ngha, ngha.
Nghim nghim nhin.
Nghnh ng nghnh.
Ng --by t, khng giu ng lng, ng li, ng , ca b ng, th ng.
Ng --li i ng ct, ng hm, ng hu, ng hu, ng ngch, ng tt, ro ng n ng; ca ng.
Ngoi --ngoi y ngoi, ra ngoi, bnh cn ngoc ngoi.
Ngoy, Nguy ngoay ngoy, tro ngoy, ngoy ui, ngoe ngoy.
Ngom nhai ngm ngom.
Ngon ngoan ngon.
Ngonh --xoay ni khc ngonh i ngonh li, ngonh mt lm ng.
Ngon ngn ngon.
Ngoo ngoo c, ngoo u, cht ngoo.
Ngon ci ngn ngon.
Ngm cht ngm, tt ngm, em b b ngm dy.

Ngn ci ngn ngon.

Ngng --vn cao ln ngng c nhn ln, cao ngng ngnh, cao ch ngng thp ch ln.
Ngng --cht tra vo l ngng ci, ngng ca.
Ng --to bo ng ngo, tnh ng; n ni ng.
Ng --bng bnh ng nghch, ng ngc.
Ngm b lm ngm, nhai ngm ngom.
Ngn ngn ngang.
Ngng cao ngng ngng, ngng nghnh,lng ngng
Ngng --loi vt to, di c ngng c, ngng tri, c k d ngng.
Ng ng ngng, b ng, ng l, ng rng.
Ng ng gt, ng gc, ng kh, ng kh, ng li b, ng m ng ngh, ng nng, ng qun, ng say, ng thip,
ng vi.
Ng --s nm ng m, ng cc, ng cung, ng gic i, ng gia b, ng gii, ng hnh, ng h, ng kim, t th
ng kinh, ng quan, ng sc, ng v, ng tng, ngi cu ng, tam cang ng thng; --qun lnh c ng, o ng,
i ng, hng ng, nhp ng, qun ng, ti ng, tu ng.
Nguy ngoe nguy, nguy nguy.
Ngi ngn ngi.
Ngm, Ngm cht ngm, tt ngm.
Ngn ct ngn, ngn ngn, ngn ngn, ngn ngon.
Nguyn h Nguyn.
Nguu tiu nguu.
Ng ng hc, ng php, ng vng, biu ng, ngn ng, ngoi ng, ngn ng, quc ng, tc ng, t ng.
Nga --ngc, tr mt ln nga mt, da nga, nm nga, li nga, ng nga, ngang nga, nghing nga, sp
nga, t nga.
Ngi --hi bng mi ngi hoa, ngi mi, ngi hi.
Ngng xem Ngng.
Ngng ngt ngng.
Ngng ngng cu, ngng ca, ngng m, ngng vng, ngng trng, chim ngng, tn ngng.

Nh
Nh --phun ra nh mi, tm nh t, nh ngc phun chu; --trc, rt ra nh h, nh sn; --khng lch s cht nh,
nh nht.
Nh nh gim, nh nhn, nh , ho nh, nho nh, khim nh, nhn nh, nhc nh, phong nh, tao nh, trang nh,
Bt-Nh.
Nhi li nhi.
Nhi --thng b thng nhi ranh, thng nhi con.
Nhy, Nhy nhy bc, nhy b, nhy c tng, nhy cng, nhy d, nhy dng, nhy m, nhy mi, nhy nht,
nhy nhm, nhy phc, nhy ro, nhy sng, bay nhy, chy nhy, g nhy , gi nhy.
Nhm --by b nhm nh, ni nhm, n nhm, tin nhm.
Nhn nhan nhn, chan nhn.

Nhn --con mt nhn khoa, nhn lc, nhn quang, nhn tin, m nhn, c nhn; --tri trn, ngt long nhn, nhn
nhc, nhn lng; --du hiu dn nhn, nhn hiu.
Nhng --qun xao nhng (xao lng), nhng qun (lng qun). (Xem Lng)
Nhnh --km ng n nhng nhnh, nh nhnh.
Nho --mm, lng nho nht, cm nho, t nho, nhu nho.
Nhu cu nhu, lu nhu nhanh nhu (nhu).
Nhn cn nhn cn nhn, au nhn nhn.
Nhn --mn ln, trn nhn bng, nhn l, nhn nhi, nhn thn, mn nhn, ht nhn. (Xem Ln)
Nhng vic cn nhng nhng, di nhng nhng.
Nhm --lm thm c nhm, tnh nhm, hc nhm, lm nhm.
Nhn nhn nha.
Nhn --c r nhn ci, nhn xon; --hi ng nhn nhn, nhn nhn; --n t y nhn nay; --nhn, dn lng
nhn ni, nhn nhn, nhn nhc, kin nhn; --n lng nhn tm, tn nhn, bt nhn
Nhu nhanh nhu.
Nh bim nh, nh nh.
Nh xem L.
Nho nheo nho, nhng nho.
Nh m hi nh nhi.
Nhu --chy tng git nhu nho, nhu du, thm nhu nc ming.
Nh --ting hi p nh? vui nh? nh; --chy t cht nc mm nh.
Nh --l tai l nh, mng nh, mc nh.
Nhim --nhum,vng nhim bnh, nhim c, tim nhim, nhim, truyn nhim, nhim trng.
Nhin, Nhuyn bt xay nhin, nhin bn, nhin nh.
Nhiu --loi hng dt nhiu iu, khn nhiu, du nhiu; --phin, lon nhiu hi, nhiu lon, nhiu nhng, nhiu
s, phin nhiu, quy nhiu.
Nh --b nh con, nh di, nh ln nh mn, nh nht, nh nhen, nh nh, nh nht, nh nhoi, nh to, nh th,
nh xu, b nh, ni nh, xt nh, thu nh, thng nh; --nhu tng git nh git, git ly nh sa, thm nh di.
Nhon --nhch ming nhon ming ci.
Nhi nhiu nhi, nh nhi.
Nhm nh nhm.
Nhng nhng nha nhng nhnh.
Nhng nhng nho nh tr con.
Nh --bng gc nh c, nh lng, nh m, nh neo, nh rng, nh so, nh tc, nh tri; --phun, pht ra nh c
tru, khc nh, ng nh, ph nh, phun nh.
Nhm --nhm ln nhm dy, nhm tc gy, nhy nhm, nhp nhm.
Nh nhc nh, nham nh, nhn nh, nhn nh.
Nh xem L
Nhn nhn nh, nhn nha.
Nhn xem Nhn
Nh --khuyn bo khuyn nh, nhn nh, nh thm, t nh.
Nh --v, sa, cho b nh b, nh danh, cy nh hng, nh mu, nh nng, thch nh.

Nhi --li ti nhi u xung, t nhi, trn chui trn nhi, chy nhi, d nhi.
Nhn --mt tinh thn s nhn ngi.
Nhn --khng kiu nhn nhn, x nhn.
Nhng --gian di nhng lm, nhng nhng, nhng nhiu, tham nhng
Nhuyn --mn, mm bt nhuyn, nhuyn ct, nhun nhuyn (xem Nhin).
Nh --d bng mi cu nh, nh th, nh qun ch.
Nhi cn nhn ci nhi
Nhng --ni v s nhiu nhng k, nhng ngy, nhng lc, nhng tng, chng nhng.

O
Oi oi gn, u oi.
i inh i, t i.
m la m ti, ci m ln.
n n n.
ng bng ng.
ng i ng ng o.
bnh m, kha; --ch ca chim, th chim, g, kin, ong, yn, truy tn bn cp.
i b i, cy i, tri i.
n --yn, m thun n nh, n tha, an n.
ng ng b, ng ng.
c, n, c, d, di, u, , go khng, mn, trn, tr, vy nui con, n xi th, k
ngi i.
m m .

P
Ph gia ph.
Phi phi bit, phi o, phi y, phi lng, phi php, phi tri, va phi; --pha tay mt bn phi, tay phi; --b,
mc phi bnh, phi gi, phi pht, lm phi, mc phi; --buc, c g phi nghe li cha m, phi chi ti trng s
..., phi khi y ..., thi ba phi.
Phn --chng li, nghch li phn bn, phn bi, phn chiu, phn ch, phn chng, phn cng, phn cung, phn
i, phn ng, phn gin, phn hi, phn khng, phn lc, phn lon, phn nghch, phn pho, phn phc, phn
quc, phn trc, phn ng, phn x, tng phn; --ging phn b phn g, k phn.
Phng phng pht, li phng.
Phng --bng, khng li lm phng lng, phng l, phng phiu, bng phng sng phng.
Phm --mu nhum phm , phm xanh; --gi tr tt xu phm cch, phm cht, phm gi, nhn phm; --th
bc quan li phm cp, phm hm, phm trt, tt phm; --tng loi phm loi, phm vt, n phm, cng phm; -khen ch bnh phm.
Phn --ct phn b, phn heo.
Phn --bc tc phn ch, phn n, phn ut, cm phn, cng phn.

Phu --m x gii phu, phu thut.

Phy chm phy, du phy, phy phy, phe phy.
Phu dng phu rt nc vo chai hay vo l.
Ph ph bng, ph ch, ph d, ph lng, ph nh, th ph.
Phnh --ni kho gt phnh gt, phnh nnh, phnh ph, ni phnh.
Phng --on i khi phng chng, phng , phng nh, phng on, m phng, tnh phng, phng vn, v
phng; --phng ln v nng chy da phng trng, phng la, phng nc si.
Phng ln phng, tm phng, sng phng mi.
Phng phng , thng phng, phng tay trn, bi t tm nhiu phng.
Ph ph bin, ph cp, ph , ph nhc, ph qut, ph thng.
Phi b phi, au phi, lao phi, sng phi.
Ph ph b, ph g, ph ti, ph xo.
Phn ph phn.
Ph --bao trm ph u, ph lp, bao ph, che ph, tuyt ph, vy ph, nhiu iu ph ly gi gng; --y n
ung ph ph; --khu vc ph ng, ph th tng, m ph, a ph; --bc b ph nh, ph nhn, ph quyt; -cui xung ph phc; --ngi n ng ng ph; --chc quan tri ph, tun ph, c ph, ph huyn; --v v ph an
b tnh, ph d; --b phn trong ngi ng tng lc ph.
Ph ph phng.
Phi phi bi, phi n, phi tay, phi n trn.
Phng --thu qua, lng m phng, gii phng.
Phn --phng bng ra n no phn bng.
Phng --hi ging phng pht.

Q
Qu --hp trn c np qu bnh, qu may, qu l, qu tru; --tri, hnh trn qu bom, qu bng, qu cu,
qu t, qu m, qu t, qu tim; --chc chn qu c, qu nhin, qu quyt, qu tang, qu thit, qu vy; --tri
cy qu da, hoa qu; --kt cuc ca vic qu bo, hu qu, hiu qu, kt qu, nhn qu; --c n, ga ba c qu,
qu n (gi cha chng), qu ph (n b chng cht).
Qui gi qui, cng qui.
Quy --gc trn vai quy gnh, quy hng, quy khn gi ln ng.
Qun -- n v ngi qun bao, qun chi, qun g, qun ngi gian lao, chng qun nng ma; --ng trn huyt
qun, kh qun; --coi sc qun ch, qun c, qun gia, qun ht, qun l, qun th, qun thc, qun tr, cai qun,
chng qun, tng qun.
Qung --tn x Qung Bnh, Qung ng, Qung Nam, Qung Ngi, Qung Tr; --rng ri qung b, qung co,
qung i, qung giao; --tn bnh su qung.
Qung --mt khong cch qung, qung trng, vo qung ba gi chiu, i mt qung ng.
Quu --thng nh r quu, mt quu la.
Qung --vt b, qung qung i, qung xung, qung vo thng rc.
Qun --loanh quanh ln qun, quanh qun, qun tr, ngh qun, g qu n qun ci xay.
Qun --ngho tng qun bch, cng qun, khn qun, tng qun.

Quy --mang trn vai quy gnh i ch, quy gi ln ng, quy nc ti hoa, bnh du chao quy, xi quy.
Qu --php bi qu Dic, bi qu, t qu gieo qu, s qu, tr qu.
Qu qunh qu.
Qu --ry la qu mng, qu pht, qu trch, b qu.
Qu, Qu qu k, qu khc, qu qui, qu quyt, qu s, qu thn, c qu, qu, ma qu, qu thut
Qu, Qu --quy, t tin cng qu, gy qu, k qu, np qu, ngn qu, sung qu, th qu, qu o.
Quyn quyn sch, quyn v, ting kn ting quyn, t gy ng quyn.

R
R ci ra r, r rich, ma r r.
R --ri nhau ra, mi mt r bn, r bt mp, r m, r hn, r ri, r sng, r thy, tan r, mi r chn, ku r
hng, i r rut, r ri, rng r, rn r.
Ri --phn ra nhiu ni ri ca, ri rc, ri truyn n.
Ri chm ri, chm ri, rng ri, ri ri.
Ry --vung te ra ry mc, ry nc, bng ry, phi ry.
Ry run ry
Ry --t trng ta ry bi, t ry, lm ry, rung ry; --b ry v, ry chng, rung ry, ph ry.
Rng --ln ting rang rng, rn rng; --bt, gim ln my rng, ma rng.
Rnh -- khng rnh mt, rnh n, rnh rang, rnh ri, rnh tay, rnh vic, rnh tr, gi rnh.
Rnh --ng thot nc mng rnh, cng rnh o rnh, khai rnh.
Ro --bc mau ro bc, ro ph, ro quanh, chy ro.
Rm rn rm.
Rm lm rm, r rm, r rm.
R --khng t tin r mt, r r, r thi, bn r, ca r, gi r; --khinh khi coi r, khinh r, r rng, chim r qut.
R --chia, tch ra r duyn, r ng ngi, r ri, r thy chia uyn, chia r, con ng r, rnh r, ring r, ci r
r, tu r sng, r tay tri.
R --chng con gi mnh con r, c du ch r, chng r, kn r, lm r, r, ph r.
R --r cy r ci, r con, r chm, bn r, ci r, m r, gc r, mc r.
Ru --qua li chy ru, i ru, tha ru, ru qua ru li.
R ma r r, chy ri r, r hi, rn r, r tai, r r, st r.
R ru r, rn r, rm r.
Ra --rt tng ming ra ry, ra ri, rc ra, c ra mi, chim ra lng.
Rnh bng binh rnh.
R thm r di, ci r r (rc rch).
R --minh bch, t r rng, r rt, t r, hiu r, nghe r, thy r, r kho, hai nm r mi.
Ri rn ri.
Ri ri bc.
Rm cm rm.
Rn --i rnh i rn, tun rn.
Rng --khng c rut rng khng, rng rut, rng tuch, trng rng, thng rng ku to.

R r may, r quu, r r, r xc, ci r, chi bng r, thng r.

R --l tho mt r chng, r hoa m, gt r.
Ri i ri, ghe ri, phng ri.
Ri --t vic phi lm ri hi, ri ri, nhn ri, rnh ri, ngi ri; --xin cho khi ti ri ti, ri xin, cu ri, tu ri,
tiu ri.
Rn --ting khua chn da khua rn rng, n ni rn rng.
R r danh, r mt r my, r rng, cn r, mng r, rng r, rc r, sng r.
Rm --l lng n mc rm, hng rm, i cc rm, bn rm i, tnh rm, tr rm.
Rn s rn tc gy, rn gai c.
Rn --khng nghim ni c rn, chi c rn.
R --bo theo r nhau, r ren, r r, r r, quyn r

R --l xung v kit sc r ri, r lit, c r, r, gi r, ho r, t r xng; -- rung cho sch (D) r sch lo
u, r sch n i.
Ra --cu chi tr chi ra, nguyn ra, ra c, ra thm, ra s.
Ri --khng may ri ro, ri tay, gp ri, may ri, phn ri, cuc i dun ri, may t ri nhiu, mt may mt ri.
Rui rui nga ui theo, rui mau, giong rui.
Rn --mm, ht hng rn ch, s rn ngi, bn rn, mm rn.
Rung --rng bn trong rung nt, c rung, rung xng, mt n rung g.
Ra --lm cho sch ra hn, ra hn, ra hnh, ra mt, ra ry, ra tay, gt ra, php ra ti, tm ra.
Ra --r, va, tn ho chn ra, thi ra, a ra, hoa tn nhy ra.
Ri --phn na ca n v trm ri, ngn ri, cn ri, ch ri, ngy ri, gi ri, thc ri, chc ri,
triu ri

Ch r trong quyn r vit du hi, v ch r ny c ngha r r, r ren, d d n vi mnh. Ch r du ng c ngha r ri, mt mi,

kit sc, khng ng theo ngha d d, r ren ca quyn r. (-s-T)

2

Vit Nam T in (L vn c), quyn H, trang 1258, ghi:

* RI phn na ca s trm, s ngn sp ln (mun ri, ngn ri, triu ri)

* RI na phn ca mt s di s trm, hay ca mt n v c k tn (cc ri, cn ri, ch ri)
Vit Ng Chnh T T V (L ngc Tr), trang 385 ghi:
* RI phn na, s trn mt trm (ngn ri, trm ri, thin ri)
* RI (dng vi danh t) na phn (cc ri, cn ri, chc ri, ng ri)
Vit Nam T in Hi Khai Tr Tin c, trang 477 ghi:
*RI na, ri (trm ri, nghn ri)
*RI phn na (mt ng ri, mt ngy ri)
T in Ting Vit ( Hong Ph, Vin Ngn Ng, H Ni 1994), trang 811 ghi:
* RI nh RI (nhng thng ch dng sau s n v t hng trm tr ln): Vn ri.
* RI mt na ca n v: Mt ng ri. Hai thng ri. Nm trm ri. Tng gp ri (tng 50%)
Vit Nam T in (L vn c), quyn H, trang 1258, ghi:
* RI phn na ca s trm, s ngn sp ln (mun ri, ngn ri, triu ri)
* RI na phn ca mt s di s trm, hay ca mt n v c k tn (cc ri, cn ri, ch ri)
Vit Ng Chnh T T V (L ngc Tr), trang 385 ghi:
* RI phn na, s trn mt trm (ngn ri, trm ri, thin ri)
* RI (dng vi danh t) na phn (cc ri, cn ri, chc ri, ng ri)

S
S --c l di mi thm bi s, c s, du s, l s, mui s t; --ch ra s lm hai, s tht, b s ra, chm s.
S sung s, sng s.
Si li si, nga si, t nm si tay, di hai ba si.
Si --s ng thy si, si vi, lm si khng ai ng ca cha.

Vit Nam T in Hi Khai Tr Tin c, trang 477 ghi:

*RI na, ri (trm ri, nghn ri)
*RI phn na (mt ng ri, mt ngy ri)
T in Ting Vit ( Hong Ph, Vin Ngn Ng, H Ni 1994), trang 811 ghi:
* RI nh RI (nhng thng ch dng sau s n v t hng trm tr ln): Vn ri.
* RI mt na ca n v: Mt ng ri. Hai thng ri. Nm trm ri. Tng gp ri (tng 50%)
C bn quyn u khng gii thch v sao khi s lng n v TRN MT TRM th vit du HI, v DI MT TRM th vit du NG.
Theo thin ca chng ti th Ri c ngha l THM PHN NA CA N V vo s lng n v ang c.
V d ni:
2 Ngn ri, l 2 Ngn + Na Ngn.
3 Ch ri, l Ba Ch + Na Ch.
5 Ngy ri, l 5 Ngy + Na Ngy.
1 triu ri, l 1 triu + Na triu.
Nh vy th Ri ca Mt Triu, hay ca Mt Ngy, ca Mt Ch, hay ca Mt trm, Mt Ngn, u mang mt ngha duy nht l phn na
ca n v y c thm vo s lng n v ang c.
T l ca Ri i vi n v lun lun l NA PHN ca n v d n v l Mt ch, Mt ngy, Mt cn, Mt trm, Mt ngn, hay
Mt triu, th Ri vn l na phn ca n-v y. T ta c th ni:
1. nh ngha ca Ri l: NA PHN CA N-V, c THM VO s N-V NGUYN ang c.
2. T L 50% gia Ri v n v lun lun KHNG THAY I.
Ni theo Ton hc, th N V Chc, Trm, Ngn, Mun, Triu, Cn, Ch, Ngy, u l 1/1. V Ri ca Cn, ca Ch, ca Ngy, ca Chc,
ca Trm, ca Triu, lc no cng l na phn, tc l 50% ca n v y.
Vy, khi m trong mi trng hp, nh Ngha ca Ri v T L gia Ri vi n v khng thay i, chng ti khng thy l do ti sao
li THAY I DU ch Ri ch v n v ng trc ch Ri y c tn gi khc nhau (tn n v ln hn Trm hay khc hn Trm th
vit Hi, nh hn Trm hay khc hn Trm th vit Ng?!)
Ngoi ra, theo Lut Hi Ng th Ri l Ting Nm c Gc Hn l ch BN. Ch Hn BN c ngha l Phn na. Th d:
Ba ngy ri, ch Hn ni: Tam nht bn.
Nm gi ri, ni: Ng im bn.
Hai ch ri, ni: Nh tin bn.
Bn lng ri, ni: T lng bn.
Su cn ri, ni: Lc cn bn.
Cng theo lut Hi Ng, ting Nm c gc ch Hn phi ty Thinh ca ch Hn gc m b du. Ch Hn "BN" thuc Thanh Thinh (Bng)
th ting nm RI phi vit du Hi.
Cn nh khng mun nhn Ri l c Gc Hn, th phi nhn Ri l TING NM LI, c gc l ch "NA" (Na phn). Theo Lut Hi
Ng cho Ting Nm Li th ting Ri cng phi ty Thinh ca ting gc l ch NA m vit du. Thinh ca NA l Thanh Thinh (Bng),
th RI phi vit du Hi.
V cc l trn, chng ti thin ngh nn vit ch Ri vi du Hi trong mi trng hp, cho nn trong sch ny chng ti khng c ghi
ch Ri vi du Ng.
Chng ti xin trnh by ra y rng ng d lun v xin sn sng n nhn mi iu ch gio ca qu v c gi uyn bc [.s.T.].

Sy --mt nh, nga ni trn da mc sy, em b ni sy, rm sy, sy cn, ci sy ny ci ung; --ht cho sch sy
go, sy thc, sng sy, gn sy.
Sn sn lng, sn ngch, sn nghip, sn phm, sn xut, bt ng sn, di sn, in sn, ng sn, gia sn, hng
sn, khong sn, lm sn, s sn, ti sn, th sn, tn gia bi sn; --sinh sn dc, sn hu, sn khoa, sn ph,
sinh sn, tiu sn.
Sng --s, m man sng kinh, sng st, m sng, ni sng; --tnh to, sng sut sng khoi, thanh sng; ging
sang sng.
Snh --nh ln th snh, snh ng.
So so thai, sc so, r so.
Sn --c th x dng ngay sn by, sn dp, sn lng, sn ri, sn sng, sn trn sn, sm sn.
Sm tri sm, sm ti, sm.
Sm --mu sc m, thm sm da, en sm, sm, mu sm, tm sm, s sm (r rm).
Sy --vut, thot, ht sy chn, sy cha cn ch, sy tay, sy thai, s sy, sy n tan ngh, sy li kh cha.
Su --bc, thi ch su mnh, su gan.
S s o chia cm, bn s, chia s, chim s, san s, tra con s (tra cht bng g).
S --ch vic sp n s bit, s hay, s liu, s lm, s thy; --nh nh s thc lm, i s chn, ni se s cht, lm
s tay, gi cao nh s, s ln, sch s.
Sn --h tin n sn, bn sn, d sn, tiu sn.
S chi s, lng my chi s.
S --bun bn ln mua s bn l, gi s; --xu h s nhc, s v, lim s, quc s.
S --hc tr, ngi c ti s kh, s phu, s t, n s, bc s, ch s, c s, o s, hn s, hc s, ngha s, ngh s, n
s, thi s, tin s, tr s, vn s; --binh lnh s quan, binh s, chin s, h s, qun s, tng s.
Sim --nnh ht sim nnh, gim sim.
S u s, sng s, trm s.
Si -- nh si , t si, sn si, snh si.
Si --kho mnh ni si, ng gi cn si, ngi bnh si, c v si i lm.
S --sch bin chp s b, s sch, s tay, bin s, ghi s, kha s, tnh s, xt s; --ko t trn xung s dc,
s tot, nt s; --st ra, tut s u tc, chim s lng, s mi, s sa, ca s, st s.
S --khng gi l php s sng.
Sng --chy thot g chy sng, t sng.
S s cu, s cy, s d, s c, s on, s hu, s nguyn, s ti, s tn, s thch, s trng, kh s, S-Khanh,
u Ng mnh S; --ch s lm, cng s, c s, hi s, tr s, tr s, x s; --mt khu s t, s rung, s vn.
S sc s, sm s.
Si --bnh hay ly bnh si, ln si.
Sn em b sn s, sn tc gy, sn gai c.
S c s.
Sa ch sa, sng sa.
Si --si bt nh si bt, si tm.
Sng --ch khuyt l sng, ng sng; --thng yu c sng, tht sng, sng i, n sng.
Sng --m nc t sng, sng nc.
Suyn lng tin khng suy suyn.

Suyn --tn bnh hen hen suyn, kh suyn, ln cn suyn.

S s di, s dng (x dng) s lc, s quan, s sch, s xanh, b s, d s, gi s, hnh s, kinh s, lch s,
ng s, quc s, th s, thanh s, tnh s, tiu s.
Sa --lm li, cha li sa cha, sa dy, sa i sa li, sa lng, sa pht sa sai, sa sang, sp sa, sa son,
sm sa.
Sa sa bt, sa b, sa d, sa m, sa ti, b sa, bnh sa, mc rng sa, cy v sa, sa u nnh, ming
cn hi sa.
Sng --kinh ngc sng st, sng s, ng sng, cht sng.
Sng sng sng, ng sng li, nhn sng, xe ng sng.
Si --h cho m t si, si m, my si, l si.
Su --v th nh ca 12 a Chi nm Su, tui Su, gi Su.

T
T --bnh tiu chy dch t, i t, t dc, u t, t l, th t; --bn tri t ban, t bin, t dc, t ng, t hu, t
phi, t khuynh, t ngn, cnh t, t xung hu t; --by t ra t chn, m t, din t, miu t, t cnh; --rch, ri
t ti, l t.
T --vi qun tr con t lt, gi t, qun t, ma tm t.
Ti --ch ti lng, ti thng, p ti, trng ti, vn ti.
Tn --di chuyn tn b, tn c, tn lc, tn mc, di tn, nhn tn, tn vn, Tn-.
Tng tng , tng l, tng sng nn tng.
To to hn, to m, to tr, to thanh, bun to bn tn, chinh Nam to Bc.
Tn tn mn t m.
Tm --ngm cho thm tm b, tm du, tm gim, tm mui, tm ru, tm nhim, tm cung, tm in, tm miu,
lng tm.
Tn -- t thi vo hm tn lim, qun tn; tn mn.
Tu --chy, trn tu tn, tu thot, bn tu o tu, ht bi tu m; --ch du i tu, tu tu.
Ty ty chay, ty no, ty trn, ty tr, ty u, ty xo, ty vt mc, bi ty, l ty, lt ty, thuc ty.
T --go t do go t, bt t, np t; --bun, vng v t lnh, t ngt, t nht, t vng, bun t, l t, tm t.
T --tch ra, lm ri ra t bp, t u, t bt, phn t, t ra, tch t.
Tn --thn, mc c tn t, tn mt.
To --t lm, nh lm cht to, b to teo.
T t tng, cha t, ao t, t, thi t.
T --thuc hun ng y dc t, ung thuc t.
Tnh i tp tnh.
T t d, t l, t m, t mui, t nh, t ph, t s, t t, t th, t trng, t v, hin t, ngc t, ni gi t, say b t, mt t
(1,000 triu).
Ta --ct bt ta bt, ta cy, ta gt, ta l, ta nhnh, ta ru, cht ta, ht ta, trng ta.
Tin --a ln ng tin bit, tin chn, tin a, tin hnh, tin khch, cung tin, ho tin, lnh tin.

Tiu tiu ban (subcommittee), tiu bang (state), tiu dn, tiu cng ngh, tiu on, tiu , tiu i, tiu ng tiu
hc, tiu khu, tiu lin, tiu lun, tiu nhn, tiu qu, tiu sn, tiu s, tiu tm, tiu tit, tiu t, tiu yu, tiu t
sn, tiu thuyt, tiu tha, tiu th, tiu thng, tiu xo, ch tiu, cc tiu, gch tiu, nhc tiu, nc tiu.
Tiu --dp, tr tiu tr, tun tiu.
Tu tc tu.
Tm ci tm tm.
Tn tn nc mm.
Tnh --khng say, khng m, hiu r tnh b, tnh dy, tnh gic, tnh hn, tnh li, tnh mng, tnh ng, tnh ng,
tnh to, bnh tnh, cnh tnh, cht tnh, nh tnh, lai tnh, lm tnh, sc tnh, thc tnh, tu tnh, d tnh d say; -khu vc, tnh b, tnh ng, tnh l, tnh thnh, tnh trng, tnh y, ch tnh, hng tnh.
Tnh --yn n, im lng tnh dng, tnh mch, tnh mch, tnh tm, tnh ta, bnh tnh, im tnh, ng tnh, thanh
tnh, yn tnh.
T --by ra, sng r t by, t du, t lng, t phn, t ra, t rng, t r, t thit, t tnh, t v, t , chng t, mt
cn t, sng t, trng t.
To --ta ra to nh sng, to khi, to nhit, to ra, b quan to cng, cng to, gii to, phong to, kim to.
Ti c ti, ni hnh ni ti, m ti.
Tm ri tm xung nc
Tn ln tn, tn mn.
T -- ca chim, th t m, t chim, t chut, t ong, bnh t; --ln, ng u t b, t cha, t ph, t s, t tin,
t tng, t truyn, t quc, cng t, t t, gi t, Pht t, thy t, bi t tm, t chc, t hp, t trng, ci t.
Tn --tn, hao mn tn c, tn hi, tn ph, tn tht, tn th, lao tn, tn thng, hao tn.
Tng --ngi cai qun tng binh, tng c, tng qun, tng ti, tng thng, tng trng, cai tng, lng tng; --hp
li, chung c tng cng, tng i, tng hnh dinh, tng hi, tng hp, tng kt, tng khi ngha, tng lun, tng
nha, tng qut, tng s, tng tc, tng bi cng, tng nh cng, tng ng vin, tng gim c, tng lnh s, tng
tuyn c.
T t m.
Tm gh tm, kinh tm, thy pht tm.
Tn --cha, khip s tn n, tn mt, tn kinh, cha tn, mt ln tn ti gi.
T t o, t king, t lnh, t sch, t st, t thuc, hc t, ngn t, trng t; --che khut li t li bng chiu, t
li bng rm.
Ta --to ra, phn ra ta ra, chy ta ra, ru mc tua ta, tn bn ra tua ta.
Tun --cht v vic g tun o, tun nn, tun tit.
Ti --au bun ring ti duyn, ti h, ti lng ti nhc, ti phn, ti thn, ti thm, ti thn, bun ti, su ti.
Tui tui cao, tui gi, tui hc tui tc, tui th, tui tr, tui xanh, coi tui, ng tui, lung tui, qu tui, vng
y tui.
Tu --nc gia xng ct ty, no ty, xng ty.
Tuyn --la chn tuyn binh, tuyn chn, tuyn c, tuyn dng, tuyn la, tuyn m, tuyn tp, tuyn th, trng
tuyn.
Tm ci tm tm.
Tm xem Tm.
Tn --vn vt nh mn tn mn tn mn.

T --con t cung, t tn, t tc, cng t, dng t, mu t, nam t, ngha t, nng t, tc t, thi t, thn t,
trng t; --thy, ting ch ngi T Cng, Khng T, Lo T, Mnh T, qun t, s t, ti t, phm phu tc t; -tc quan phong tc T (Cng, Hu, B, T, Nam) --cht t bit, t chin, t a, t hnh, t kh, t nn, t s, t
tng, t thn, t thi, t th, t thng, t th, t tit, t ti, t trn, t t, t vong, sanh t, t t, x t, yu t, con
nh t t, s t vi.
Ta --gii mi sanh gii ta.
Tng tng nh, ch tng.
Ti tt ti, tc ti.
Tng --ngh rng tng b, tng chng, tng l, ng tng, thit tng, trm tng; --ngh ngi v tng
nh, tng nim, tng ti, tng tng, hoi tng, mc tng, mng tng, m tng, suy tng, thng
tng, t tng, vng tng; --khen ngi tng l, tng lc, tng thng.
Tu --ru tu bo, tu im, tu gia tu hng, tu lu, tu lc tu lng, tu qun, tu sc, m tu.
T xem T.

Th
Th --bung ra th bom, th bum, th ca, th diu, th , th n tay, th lng, th neo, th ra, th ru, th
rng, th tri, bung th, cu th, thong th, th th.
Thi thi hi, thi phng, cng thi, o thi, ph thi, sa thi.
Thi tha thi (ch THI ny l ting m ca THA nn vit du Ng, ng ln vi THI l ting chnh vit
du Hi).
Thy --tt c c thy, ht thy; --nm, vt, qung thy banh, thy l lc, thy xung ao.
Thm --au n, ng thng thm bi, thm cnh, thm m, thm c, thm hi, thm ha, thm kch, thm
khc, thm lm, thm no, thm st, thm su, thm thit, thm thng, thm trng, bi thm, th thm, trng thm
qu, gi thm ma su; --tm khm lt thm c xanh, tri thm.
Thn --nh khng c g xy ra thn nhin, bnh thn.
Thng thng hoc, thng tht.
Thnh thnh thi, thnh tht.
Tho --c lng tt tho n, tho ngay, hiu tho, lng tho, thm tho, thun tho, du hin r tho, mi dng ly
tho; --s lc, tho mt bi vn, bn tho, d tho, khi tho, tho lun; --c, cy tho am, tho d, tho dc,
tho l, tho mc, tho x, cam tho, tho cm vin, vn bch tho, qun tho, hi tho, thu tho, tho no!
Thm --su hay xa lm su thm, xa thm, bin thm, hang thm, thm thm, vc thm, rng thm.
Thm --kho xt k, x thm cu, thm nh, thm lng, thm phn, thm quyn, thm tra, thm vn, bi thm,
phc thm, s thm, thng thm; thm m.
Thm --m, sm thm, xanh thm.
Thng --ngay thng bng, thng bon, thng cnh, thng cng, thng ng, thng gic, thng gc, thng ng, thng
rng, thng tnh thng tay, thng tp, thng thn, thng tht, thng thm, thng thng, bng thng, cng thng,
ngay thng, thng thng; --thng y (ni tt) thng v cn.
Thn th thn, ln thn.
Thn thn th.
Thu --nha nha phin cy thu, tri thu.

Th th cn cc, th c tri, th ng, cm th, eo th, ng th, ngm th, pht th, th th.
Tho --ct tng ming mt tho t, tht tho, tho mt ming tht.
Th --tnh cht th c, th hi, th lng; --cch th th y, th cht, th ch, th din, th dc, th hin th l, th
no, th tt, th tch, th tnh, th thao,th theo, th thng, th thc, th xc, chnh th, c th, c th, c th,
lun th, khng th, nh th, quc th, s th, tp th, tin th, thn th, ton th, hn bt ph th.
Thu tht tha tht thu.
Th th th.
Thim --ting xng thim chc, thim nha, thim ta, thim ty.
Thin --cn, hp, ngn thin cn, thin , thin kin, th thin, ti s tr thin.
Thiu --bun kh thiu no; --khng nhiu thiu s, a thiu, gim thiu, ti thiu.
Thu bn thu, thiu thu ng, bun thu bun thiu.
Thnh thnh an, thnh cu, thnh kinh, thnh mi, thnh nguyn, cung thnh, thnh thong, thng thnh.
Th th ln c t, th th, nht nh th .
Tho --va , thch tho ch, tho d, tho ng, tho hip, tho lng tho mn, tho nguyn, tho thch, tho
thun, tho c, n tho.
Tho tho.
Thoi thoi mi, ng i thoai thoi.
Thong --bay lt qua thong mi hng, gi thong, thnh thong, thoang thong.
Thi --tho, ming di thi ng, thi st, thi t, thi phn.
Thm thp thm.
Thn --hi nhn mt thn, cm thn, thon thn, thn mn.
Thng --bung thng xung tc bung thng sau lng, ngi b thng chn.
Th --nh cha im nh th, cha th; --tn ging dn dn Th (thng du min Bc), ngi n Th (Cam
Bt) --t th cng, th c, th dn, th a, th ng, th ph, th sn, th thn, sao Th Tinh, th trch, bn th,
in th, n th ng th, h th, phong th, thy th; --ma, i th huyt, th t, u th, th l, xe th m.
Thi thi b, thi bong bng, thi ci, thi cm, thi kn, thi la, thi phng, thi so, thi xi, cc thi, gi
thi.
Thn thn thc.
Th --a hi ra vo th di, th dc, th ht, th pho, th ra, th than, th hng hc, nn th, th hn hn, tt
th, lm khng kp th, h Than Th.
Th --tay, cm gi, u th bt, th cp, th cu, th cng, th on, th , th h, th hin, th khoa, th lnh,
th l, th mn, th phm, th ph, th qu, th thnh, th thut, th tit, th tn, th tri, th trng, th tc, th
tng, bo th, chp th, c th, u th, ch th, c th ng th, h th, nguyn th, pho th, pht th, phng
th, thy th, th th, trn th, ni th th, xo th.
Tha xem Thu.
Thun hnh thun, bnh thun, diu thun, nn thun, mu thun, hu thun.
Thi thui thi, li thi, en thi en thui.
Thm --mi hi thi mi thum thm.
Thng --lng, rch chc thng, m thng, l thng, thm thng, trng thng kh hn, thng thnh, thng thng.
Thng --lm xung thng xung; --bnh ph da pht thng, ph thng, thy thng.
Thung --ci xung cuc thung, cuc xung.

Thu --lc y thu y, thu no, thu nay, thu trc, thu xa, i thu no, t thu, n theo thu theo thi,
ngn nm mt thu.
Thu --nc thu binh, thu cm, thu chin, thu o, thu in thu nh, thu ho, thu li, thu li, thu lu,
thu mc, thu nn, thu nng, thu ngn, thu qun, thu sn, thu t, thu tai, thu th, thu th, thu thng,
thu tin, thu tinh, thu tc, thu triu, thu vn, dn thu, ng thu, hng thu, phong thu, sn thu, king
trng thu, ng thu ly thu bnh nhn; --u tin khi thu, thu t, thot k thu, thu chung; Tn Thu
Hong.
Th --m xem th o, th coi, th lng, th la, th mu, th nghim, th sc, th ti, th thch, th vng, th
xem, th , n th, hi th, m th, v th; --nng, nng cm th, trng th, hn th biu.
Tha --s, khu tha t, tha rung.
Thng --cho ban khen thng cng, thng pht thng tin, ban thng, c thng, hu thng, lnh
thng, pht thng, phn thng, phong thng, trng thng, tng thng; --ngm xem thng hoa, thng
lm, thng ngon, thng thc, thng xun.

Tr
Tr --hon li, p li tr bi, tr a, tr li, tr l, tr ming, tr n, tr on, tr n, tr tin, tr treo, vay tr; -mc c tr gi, tr ln, tr xung, tr r r.
Tr --ni t rng ming ni trch tr, tr xi, tr tht kho.
Tri --tng bit qua tri mi i, tng tri, tri gi dm ma, tri qua th thch; --m rng ra tri chiu, tri thm;
trang tri, trng tri.
Tri Nguyn Tri.
Trm --chm trm quyt, x trm, trm tho tr cn, tin trm hu tu.
Trng --ch trng ln trng ct, ng trng, trng nng; Trng Bng.
Tro --mng vut cy ng tro.
Trm --ting vua t xng.
Try --ng ngi cng i try hi, try thuyn.
Tr --cn nh tui tr con, tr di, tr em, tr mng, tr nt, tr nh, tr th, tr trung, trai tr, gi tr b ln.
Trn --ngng, xu h tr trn, trn mt.
Tro trng tro, trong tro.
Tr --chm, khng kp tr gi, tr ni, b tr, chm tr, n tr; --ging li bt c tm ghe i tr, tr c, tr tm; -x xung mi tr xung, mc qun tr rn.
Trn --trn y trn, ln trn.
Tr u tr, u tr vin, chim tr; --gh hu mn mc bnh tr.
Trin trin hn, trin khai, trin lm, trin vng, pht trin, tin trin.
Trnh --rt du, rt m trnh du, g trnh t.
Trnh trn trnh.
Tru --nng tr xung gnh nng tru vai, tru nng u phin.
Tr --ly tay ch ngn tay tr, tr li.
Trm --lm vo v m mt trm l.
Trng --trong y trng.

Trng --khng ch r ai ku trng, ni trng, chi ng trng.

Tr --thng, xuyn qua tr ng mn, tr ng nc; --pht ra, mc ra cy tr bng, tr l, chui tr bung, da
tr i mi, tr chng, tr ti, tr tt; --xoi khot tr ca, chm tr, trm tr nc nh.
Tr --phai mu o tr mu.
Tri --vt, ct ln tri hn, tri nht, tri ting n, tri ging.
Tr --bin ra th khc tr bnh, tr chng, tr gt, tr li, tr lc, tr mt, tr mnh, tr mi, tr nn, tr ngi, tr
qu, tr ra, tr v, tr tay khng kp, tr tri, cch tr, day tr, tr, him tr, ngn tr, tro tr, trc tr, xoay
tr.
Trng --lm xung trng su, trng mt, t trng, rung trng, nc chy ch trng.
Tr --cha, giu, va tr hng, tr kim, tr tnh, d tr, lu tr, oa tr, tng tr, tch tr.
Trng --nut trn nut trng.
Trng --gin chi trng gin, trng m.
Trng --ln, ng u trng ban, trng on, trng gi, trng lo, trng nam, trng n, trng thnh,
trng tc, trng ty, b trng, ng trng, gia trng, hi trng, khoa trng, l trng, sinh trng, tng
trng, x trng, vin trng.

U
--bun, khng ti dt, , r, mt my chau; --ph kn p, men, mc, nm, thuc, p .
a --t ngc nhin a, sao cn y? a, ti sao vy?
Un --su kn un khc, ng un.
U --mi mt u oi.
i bn i, git i, i o, an i, b xe i.
m m thm, trn m.
n heo ku n n.
ng giy ng, tri cy chn ng tin h hu ng, ng h.
Ung --tic, v ch ung cng, ung ca, ung mng, ung ph, ung qu, ung tin, ung t, b ung, cht ung,
p ung, oan ung.
y y ban, y hi, y nhim, y phi, y quyn, y thc y vin, y lo, y m, cao y, nguyn y, tnh y.
Uyn uyn chuyn, ng uyn, vn thng uyn.
ng -- hng hng ng , vng ng, m ng hng, mt tri ng.
n --n, ny, cha ra n bng, n o, n ngc, n nga.
ng mt chng mt ng.

V
V vt v, v chng, v li, nh v, v vo mt, v rt rng, x v.
V --tot ra v m hi, v bt mp, n v, ci v, vt v, vi v, vn v, vi v.
Vi --hng dt bng si bng vi bng, vi b, vi mu, vi s, vi vc, dt vi, tri vi, ng b ng vi, vi tha
che mt thnh.
Vi b vi, si vi, mng vi, chua vi i, vung vi, vi chi, vi ht ging.

Vy, Vy --lp ngoi da c vy c, ng vy, nh vy, trc vy; --ming kim kh vy vng, vy bc, th bc gia
vy; --qung xe ra vy bn, vy mc, vy nc.
Vn vn bi, vn ht, vn hi, vn sinh, chuyn vn, cu vn, ve vn.
Vng lng vng.
Vng --qua, n thm vng cnh, vng lai, d vng, pht vng, qu vng.
Vnh --vnh, ngnh ln vnh mt, vnh ru, vnh tai.
Vnh vt vnh.
Vng --ting vng t xa nghe vng vng.
Vn vn bn, vn c, vn v, v vn.
Vn --c vy hoi vn bit, vn cn, vn th, vn vy, v vn, t vn (t vn).
Vu --nh ra hm rng vu.
Vy --ca quy vy tay cho, vy vng, vy gi, ch vy ui.
Vy ve vy, vy c, try da trc vy.
V --dng b ngoi c v, l v, t v, mi ngi mt v lm ra v, vn v, vng v, vui v, v vang.
V --ha, by t, ch v hnh, v kiu, v tr, v lng my, v vin, v vi, bnh v, by v, ch v, kho v
chuyn; --ly a banh ra v c, v tht, vn v, em b ni v v, ong v v.
Vo ngi vt vo.
Vnh xem Vnh.
V -- lt hay chn v bnh, ng v, tm v.
V --ui th v, v cm; --ln, l v i, hng v, v nhn; --ng dc v o, v tuyn.
Va va h, va ng.
Vin vin vng.
Vin --xa vin nh, vin chinh vin du, Vin ng, vin khch, vin thng, vin phng, vin th, vin tng,
vnh vin, vin vng knh.
Vnh --lu di, i i vnh bit, vnh cu, vnh quyt, vnh vin, Vnh Long, Vnh Yn, vi vnh, v vnh.
V --lp bc ngoi v cy, v da, v da, v ht g, v c, v xe, v xe p, v qut dy.
V, V --thut u chin h V, v b, v bin, v cng, v dng, v i, v kh, v khoa, v lm, v lc, v
ngh, v phu, v quan, v s, v thut, v trang, v trng, v tng, din v, u v, luyn v, ngh v, tp v,
vn v b quan, tinh thn thng v, v vng, v v, v v, linh thn th v.
Vi vn vi.
Vn vn vn.
Vng --li vng lng, a vng, n vng, nm vng, vng mc ca mt.
Vng --chng u ln vng n cn, vng phao cu.
V --p bn tay ln v bn v gh, v bng, v cnh, v i, v ngc, v tay, v v an i, sng v b.
V v kch, v tung, bi v, kiu v, sch v, tp v.
V --b, r tan, khai ph v bng, v , v l, v lng, v l, v mt, v mng, v n, v , v tan, v, gy
v, vm v, ci nh v ch.
Vn --nghu nghn vn v, ln vn.
V h V, v bo, v b, v bin, v cng, v dng, v i, v iu, v kh, v khc, v lc, v n, v phu, v
thut, v trang, v tr, v trng, phong v biu, tri vn v, ca v, khiu v.
Vm --hm, trm lng c vm, np vm, vanh vm.

Vng --ch nc ng vng bn, vng mu, vng nc, ao vng, ho vng, ch Vng Tu.
Va --ra, r, bin mi cho va, ht vt va.
Vng --chong vng xng vng x v.
Vng --bn, chc vng bn, vng bng, vng chi, vng chc, vng d, vng lng, vng mnh, vng tm, vng
vng, ng vng.
Vng vt vng.

X
X --bung th, m ra x bum, x hi, x tang, b tc x, x ht tc lc, x ly, x b x sng bn, chi x lng -xng vo ln x vo, nhy x vo, xn x vo; --b, hy sinh x mng, x thn, x rc, x thn cu o, x thn cu
th, h x; -- nhiu nc x qun o, ma xi x, xong x.
X --lng, thn, nhiu ngi hp li x on, x giao, x hi, x lun, x tc, x thuyt, x trng, x y, x vin,
hng x, hp tc x, lng x, thn x, thi x, th x, thng x, b x, ng x.
Xi xp xi, x xi.
Xy --cht, bng chc xy u, xy n, xy gp, xy nghe, xy ra, xy thy, i xay xy.
Xm --khng trn n nghe xm xm; --trt vo l h xm ghe, xm tu, xm thng lng, trt xm.
Xnh --lm b lm tch xnh x.
Xo --khng tht gian xo, ngi xo, xo ngn, xo ng, xo quyt, xo tr; --kho, gii xo cng, xo th, k
xo, tinh xo, u xo.
Xng --mn qu, gay gt xng l, nc mm xng, xng ging hi.
Xm xy xm chng mt --ngi n b Tu thm xm, xm lai, mc o xm; --ngi m i ht rong phng
xm, ht xm, nh xm v c gy.
Xn xn bn mt bn, lm n xn xn.
Xu xng xu.
X --ct, m x g, x mng, m x, x rnh, chia x.
Xn --thn thung b xn ln.
Xng --dng c xc t cuc xng, ci xng.
Xo xo tai, xo tht, xui xo.
Xo --ngn rch nh xo mng, xo vn, xo cn, rch xo, bi xung trn xo.
X --try, st x da, x my, x mt, try x, xi x.
X --x xung vt o x, x cnh, v x.
Xn ko xn.
X --rng ung x, x tu m, li x; --mng nhic, x mng, x v, x vo mt, x x, xa x, xp x.
Xa xa xi, xa thuc, xoi xa, xa bi, xa vo mt, xa tin, tm xa rng khng m xa g n, ng xa v
chuyn .
Xim ni xim, xim nnh.
Xing thua xing ling, bc i xing ning.
Xn bn xn, t xn.
Xnh x xnh.
Xnh xong xnh.

Xu --ngt, l i xu xung, mt xu, t xu; --t, mn c bc cht xu, nh ti xu.

X --lun vo, t qua x o, x ch, x chui, x kim, x l tai, x mi, x xu; --xen vo, xa vo ni x, x l,
x xin, x x, chi x, xin x, x ngt, x ming vo.
X gy x.
Xa --bung th xung bung xa, la xa, b tc xa.
Xong --ting khua long xong, xoang xong.
Xm --nh lm nh xm.
Xn --ni hn ho tr li xon xn.
Xng --lm bing xng lng chng lm g, ngi xng xng c ngy.
X --m, tho ra x bum, x c, x g, x s, x tc, x xui, x phong long, thuc x, x ch nho, m x n,
nhy x vo.
Xi --tm b n xi th, bun xi, lm xi, tin li xi.
Xm --nhng t ln b xm, xm t ln, ngi xm, nhy xm.
X --g ln hi xoay x, x bt n, x bt cng vic.
Xi --lm cho ri ra xi cm, xi t, xi t, xi thuc ht.
Xn --xn, ht ct xn lng, xn cnh, xn tc, b xn u.
X --r, bung xung x tay o, x cnh, cy x l, x mng, x qu, x rm.
Xun --ngu di, by xun ng, ngu xun.
Xu --ni, kham coi sc khng xu, lm khng xu, ni chng xu.
Xi --lm trc ln xi bi tm lum, xi ct, xi c, xi t.
Xung --dng c xn t cuc xung, ngay nh cn xung.
X --phn on, phn x x n, x bn, x on, x gio, x hip, x ha, x hu, x kin, x l, x phn, x
quyt, x trm, x tr, x t, phn x; --cch n , i i x s, x t, x th, x tr, c x, i x, khu x.
Xa hi xa hi xa.
Xng --ci v hp xng hp bnh, ko m xng (m thng); --chong vng xng vng x v.
Xng --ch th lm xng dt, xng my, xng ng tu, ch xng, cng xng; --tn thc n lp xng.