Está en la página 1de 18

Dmxvwh gh Sduphwurv gh Uhjxodgruhv gh Yhorflgdgh gh Wxuelqdv Klguxolfdv

Dqwrqlr Vlphv Frvwd Djrvwr/ 5335 41 Lqwurgxr


Hvwh grfxphqwr ghvfuhyh wfqlfdv gh dmxvwh gh sduphwurv gh uhjxodgruhv gh yh0 orflgdgh sdud wxuelqdv klguxolfdv1 Gxudqwh wrgr r grfxphqwr/ vhu frqvlghudgr txh d ixqr gh wudqvihuqfld gr uhjxodgru gh yhorflgdgh frqyhqflrqdo gd irupd= #Er n rAo '  o jEr - E n rAE n r - Ao  +414,

rqgh #Er d srvlr gr vhuyrprwru txh dflrqd d wxuelqd h jEr r ghvylr gh yhorflgdgh hp R gd yhorflgdgh qrplqdo gd ptxlqd1 Lqlfldophqwh vr dsuhvhqwdgdv dojxpdv iupxodv jhudlv sdud dmxvwh gr hvwdwlvpr wudqvlwulr o h sduphwur gr }hur gr uhjxodgru/ Ao / gh xvr fruuhqwh qd lqgvwuld1 Qd vhtqfld derugdgd qd Vhr 617 d wfqlfd gh surmhwr edvhdgd qd uhvsrvwd hp iuhtqfld1 Qhvwd vhr prvwud0vh txh dv iupxodv jhudlv gh dmxvwh frqyhqflrqdo gd Vhr 5 vr rewlgdv frpr dsur{lpdhv gr dmxvwh pdlv uljrurvr ghvfulwr qd Vhr 6171 Ilqdophqwh/ d Vhr 7 prvwud frpr rv sduphwurv gr uhjxodgru srghp vhu dmxvwdgrv xvdqgr d wfqlfd gh ]lhjohu0Qlfkrov1

51 Dmxvwh Frqyhqflrqdo
Rv sduphwurv gr frpshqvdgru d vhuhp dmxvwdgdv sdud vh rewhu xp erp frpsru0 wdphqwr wudqvlwulr vr o h Ao 1 Hvwh dmxvwh hp jhudo ihlwr sdud r fdvr gh vlvwhpd lvrodgr/ xvdqgr0vh sru h{hpsor wfqlfdv gh uhvsrvwd hp iuhtqfld sdud vh rewhu ydoruhv dghtxdgrv gh pdujhqv gh jdqkr h idvh gr vlvwhpd frpshqvdgr1

D sduwlu gh xp surmhwr jhqhudovwlfr/ rqgh vr ihlwdv dsur{lpdhv frqvhuydwl0 ydv/ fkhjd0vh drv vhjxlqwhv ydoruhv sdud xp dmxvwh gh o h Ao = o ' 2c D Eo*-  Ao ' n fc D SEo*- % v A`  &  A fc e +514, +515,

Eo*-  2 E   fc D SEo*- o

rqgh= A` @ frqvwdqwh gh whpsr gh sduwlgd gd jxd>  @ 2M frqvwdqwh gh lqufld gd ptxlqd/ h - @ hvwdwlvpr shupdqhqwh1 D ghgxr gdv iupxodv +514, h +515, dflpd vhu ylvwd qd Vhr 617/ frpr fdvr sduwlfxodu gr surfhglphqwr gh dmxvwh gh sduphwurv gh uhjxodgruhv gh yhorflgdgh qr grpqlr gd iuhtqfld1

61 Surmhwr qr Grpqlr gd Iuhtqfld


6141 Lqwurgxr Dv frqglhv gh rshudr gr vlvwhpd ghwhuplqdp rv uhtxlvlwrv gh rshudr gh uhjxodgruhv gh yhorflgdgh sdud wxuelqdv klguxolfdv1 Hp hvshfldo/ dv vhjxlqwhv frqglhv gh rshudr ghyhp vhu frqvlghudgdv=  rshudr d yd}lr/ lqfoxlqgr d idvh gh sduwlgd h d vlqfurql}dr dr vlvwhpd>  rshudr dolphqwdqgr fdujd lvrodgd +uhgh lvrodgd,>  rshudr hp fdujd frp frqh{r d xp judqgh vlvwhpd hp uhjxodr sulpuld h hyhqwxdophqwh hp uhjxodr vhfxqguld1 Fdgd frqglr gh rshudr whp vhxv uhtxlvlwrv h rv sduphwurv gr uhjxodgru txh dwhqghp d xpd frqglr gh rshudr srghp qr dwhqghu d rxwud1 D fr0 pxwdr gh sduphwurv xpd irupd gh dwhqghu drv uhtxlvlwrv gh wrgdv dtxhodv frqglhv1 R surfhglphqwr dgrwdgr jhudophqwh sdud r surmhwr frqvlghudu d frqglr gh vlvwhpd lvrodgr/ txh lpsh rv uhtxlvlwrv pdlv vhyhurv gh rshudr h txh jdudqwh txh hp fdvr gh lokdphqwr d hvwdelolgdgh pdqwlgd1 Frqvlghud0vh dlqgd txh d 5

rwlpl}dr gr dmxvwh sdud fdgd vlvwhpd frqvlghudgr lvrodgdphqwh ohyd d xp erp ghvhpshqkr gr vlvwhpd lqwhuoljdgr1 Pwrgrv gh frqwuroh fovvlfr vr jhudophqwh hpsuhjdgrv sdud r surmhwr gh uhjxodgruhv gh yhorflgdgh gh xqlgdghv qd frqglr gh rshudr lvrodgd1 Gxdv derugdjhqv vr xvdgdv d vhjxlu frp hvwh remhwlyr=  surmhwr qr grpqlr gd iuhtxqfld xvdqgr gldjudpdv gh Ergh>  surmhwr xvdqgr r pwrgr gh ]lhjohu0Qlfkrov1 6151 Frpshqvdr xvdqgr frpshqvdgru gh dwudvr gh idvh D ixqr gh wudqvihuqfld gh xp frpshqvdgru gh dwudvr gh idvh gdgd sru= n r n rk frp k : 1 D uhvsrvwd hp iuhtqfld gr frpshqvdgru prvwudgd qd Iljxud 6141 CS Er ' g

Iljxud 614= Uhvsrvwd hp iuhtqfld gr frpshqvdgru gh dwudvr gh idvh D frpshqvdr xvdqgr r frpshqvdgru gh dwudvr gh idvh ihlwd frorfdqgr r frpshqvdgru hp fdvfdwd frp r surfhvvr +Ilj1 615,1 Vxsrqkdprv txh r vlvwhpd qr0frpshqvdgr whqkd d uhvsrvwd hp iuhtxqfld prvwudgd qd jxud 616/ h txh vxd pdujhp gh idvh vhmd lqvxflhqwh1 6

U+v, .

+

0

nr & nrk

 oJSerrJ

\+v,

Iljxud 615= Frpshqvdgru gh dwudvr gh idvh h surfhvvr

Iljxud 616= Frpshqvdr sru dwudvr gh idvh1 Qd frpshqvdr xvdqgr r frpshqvdgru gh dwudvr gh idvh/ whqwd0vh uhgx}lu d iuhtxqfld gh fruwh gh jdqkr gr vlvwhpd qr0frpshqvdgr/ xwlol}dqgr0vh d dwhq0 xdr gh CS Er d dowdv iuhtxqfldv/ gh prgr txh d qryd iuhtxqfld gh fruwh gh S jdqkr  surslflh d pdujhp gh idvh ghvhmdgd1 Sdud surfhghu glvfulr gr surfhglphqwr gh surmhwr/ frqvlghuh txh d ixqr gh wudqvihuqfld gr frqwurodgru uh0hvfulwd qd irupd= 7 Er ' g n Er*/5  n k Er*/5  +614,

Dv hwdsdv gr surmhwr srghp vhu uhvxplgdv qrv vhjxlqwhv sdvvrv= 41 Wuddu rv gldjudpdv gh Ergh gr vlvwhpd qr0frpshqvdgr frp jdqkr m dmxvwdgr sdud d suhflvr ghvhmdgd> 7

51 Vh ) qr vxflhqwh/ ghwhuplqdu d iuht1 / S qd txdo d ) hvshflfdgd vhuld vdwlvihlwd vh d fxuyd gh jdqkr fruwdvvh f gE hp / S +ghl{du irojd {) gh DJ d DJ sdud dfrprgdu r dwudvr gh idvh gr frpshqvdgru,> 61 Phglu d dwhqxdr qhfhvvuld hp /S sdud txh d fxuyd gh jdqkr fruwh f gE qhvwd iuhtqfld> 71 Fdofxodu kc xvdqgr r idwr gh txh 2f *L} k +hp gE, rx *k +hp xqlgv1 ivlfdv, ghyh vhu ljxdo dwhqxdr rewlgd qr sdvvr 6> 81 Srvlflrqdu r }hur gr frpshqvdgru hp xpd iuhtqfld /5 / S c wdo txh d frqwulexlr gh idvh gr frpshqvdgru hp /S vhmd frpsdwyho frp d irojd gr lwhp 5/ rx vhmd/ `E/S  ' {)> 91 Fdofxodu r sor frpr /R ' /5 *k1 6161 H{hpsor Loxvwudwlyr Ghvhmd0vh frqwurodu hp pdokd ihfkdgd r surfhvvr fxmd ixqr gh wudqvihuqfld = CEr ' 2f r E n fc D r +615,

wdo txh d pdujhp gh idvh gr vlvwhpd frpshqvdgr vhmd gh eDJ  Hqwuhwdqwr/ vh fdo0 fxoduprv d pdujhp gh idvh vhp d xwlol}dr gh frpshqvdr yhulfduhprv txh vh rewp dshqdv ) ' 2fJ / r txh hylghqfld d qhfhvvlgdgh gh frpshqvdr1 Xwlol}duh0 prv sruwdqwr xp frpshqvdgru gr wlsr dwudvr gh idvh/ fxmd ixqr gh wudqvihuqfld gdgd shod Ht1 +614,1 Frpr vh vxsh txh r jdqkr qd Ht1 +615, m hvw dghtxdgd0 7 phqwh dmxvwdgr sdud fxpsulu dv hvshflfdhv gh uhjlph shupdqhqwh/ r jdqkr g gr frpshqvdgru vhu frqvlghudgr xqlwulr1 Shuplwlqgr0vh xp dwudvr gr frpshqvdgru gh DJ qd qryd iuhtqfld gh fux}d0 phqwr gh jdqkr/ yhprv txh hvwd iuhtqfld vhu ghwhuplqdgd d sduwlu gh= `CE/ S  ' EHfJ n eDJ n DJ  '  fJ c r txh iruqhfh /S ' c SH o@_*r1 Qhvwd iuhtqfld/ yhulfdprv txh mCE/S m ' bc 1 Orjr/ k ' bc 1 D iuhtqfld gr }hur gr frpshqvdgru rewlgd lpsrqgr0vh= `E/ S  ' |} !E/S */ 5   |} !Ek / S */5  ' DJ

Ghqlqgr f' whprv txh=

/S /5

+616,

|} ! f  |}!Ek f ' DJ

Fdofxodqgr d wdqjhqwh grv grlv odgrv gd htxdr dflpd h xvdqgr d iupxod gd wdqjhqwh gd glihuhqd hqwuh grlv qjxorv/ whprv= f  bc f ' fc fH.D n bc f 2 r txh vh uhgx} htxdr gr vhjxqgr judx fc .bS f 2  Hc f n fc fH.D ' f/ fxmd udl} uhohydqwh qhvwh fdvr f ' fc Se1 Xvdqgr d Ht1 +616,/ rewhprv qdophqwh= /5 ' h Ilqdophqwh= E/ ' /S ' fc SD o@_*r fc Se /5 ' fc fH o@_*r k n  E/*fc SD n  E/*fc fH

/R '

iflo yhulfdu txh d hvshflfdr fxpsulgd/ lvwr =


S ) ' HfJ n `E/S  CE/S  ' eDJ

D Ilj1 617 dsuhvhqwd dv fxuydv gh uhvsrvwd hp iuhtqfld sdud rv vlvwhpdv qr0 frpshqvdgr h frpshqvdgr h wdpep gr frpshqvdgru1 6171 Dsolfdr dr surmhwr gh sduphwurv gh uhjxodgruhv gh yhorflgdgh sdud klgurjhudgruhv D sduwh dmxvwyho gd ixqr gh wudqvihuqfld hp pdokd ihfkdgd gr vlvwhpd gh frqwuroh sulpulr gh yhorflgdgh gh xp klgurjhudgru gdgd sru= 8@ Er ' n rAo o - n r - Ao

D ghulydr d vhjxlu shuplwh r fofxor dsur{lpdgr gh Ao h o1 9

Iljxud 617= Fxuydv gh uhvsrvwd hp iuhtqfld gh jdqkr h idvh sdud frpshqvdgru/ vlvwhpd frpshqvdgr h vlvwhpd qr0frpshqvdgr1 :

Hp uhjlph shupdqhqwh +r  f, whp0vh= 8@ '


o Frpr sdud dowdv iuhtxqfldv  - Ao

/ rx 

A/ o o

whp0vh xp jdqkr

rAo ' o - r - Ao o
rx - yh}hv r jdqkr - qd iuhtxqfld }hur1 Wdpep qdv dowdv iuhtxqfldv r qjxor o gh idvh vh dsur{lpd gh }hur1 Sruwdqwr/ sdud dowdv iuhtxqfldv srgh0vh frqvlghudu=

o Hvwh r prwlyr shor txdo o fkdpdgr hvwdwlvpr wudqvlwulr1 Frpr o : +frpshqvdgru gh dwudvr gh idvh,/ r jdqkr qdv iuhtxqfldv pdlv dowdv phqru txh r jdqkr hp uhjlph shupdqhqwh1 Qrupdophqwh - {dgr hp xp ydoru frpsdwyho frp d rshudr gr vlvwhpd lqwhuoljdgr E- ' eI rx DI,1 Sruwdqwr rv sduphwurv d dmxvwdu vr o h Ao 1 Sdud dvvhjxudu xpd erd uhvsrvwd h hvwdelolgdgh/ surmhwd0vh xpd pdujhp gh idvh gr vlvwhpd frpshqvdgr gh fhufd gh efJ 1 Frqvlghudqgr xp dwudvr gh fhufd o DJ lqwurgx}lgr shod ixqr E n Ao r*E n - Ao r/ d ixqr frpshqvdgd 8@ Er * E  A r  oE n rA E n r A2 E n r  ( ( ghyh whu xp qjxor gh idvh gh 2DJ +m txh 2DJ  efJ  DJ ' HfJ ,1 Ghyh0vh revhuydu txh d ixqr dmxvwyho 8@ Er irl dsur{lpdgd sru vhx jdqkr d dowdv iuhtqfldv/ E 1 o Frqvlghudqgr0vh d sdufhod n  whp0vh txh d uhodr  shtxhqd/ rx vhmd/ d ( r
( 

iuhtxqfld gh fruwh

ehp phqru gr txh /S 1 Sruwdqwr r qjxor hp / S


S  S  '  |@?!E  ( (*

wE/S  '  |@?!E h


( 

S S 1 Hqwr wE   bfJ 1 Sruwdqwr rv whuprv uhvwdqwhv ghyhp frqwulexlu frp  DJ 1 Xpd dsur{lpdr dglflrqdo ihlwd ghvsuh}dqgr0vh d frqwulexlr gh idvh gr whupr txh ghshqgh gh

A 1 Lvwr htxlydoh d frqvlghudu txh d iuhtxqfld gh fruwh S vhmd d frqwulexlr hp idvh gh n Q hp  fJ 1 rA Hqwr d idvh gh  A r  n r A2 ghyh vhu  DJ 1 Hqwr=  |@?! EA / S   |@?!E rx |@?!EA /S  n |@?! E Id}hqgr |@? w  w whp0vh= A /S n rx

AQ

wdo txh

AQ

S  / rx

A S / '  DJ 2 A S /  ' DJ 2

A S Z / ' D  2 HfJ /S '

fe A Hvwd iuhtxqfld ghyh fruuhvsrqghu sdvvdjhp sru f _/ rx vhmd


S m 8 S E m'

D ixqr gh wudqvihuqfld frp r frpshqvdgru dsur{lpdgr sru xp jdqkr whp d irupd m ylvwd= E  rA    o( E n r ( E n r A2 E n rA 
S Xvdqgr r idwr gh txh A  whp0vh txh=

m h d frqglr fd= m

m* f S n H A

E  fe m' e o( E n H f E n f2 A ( <

Rx dsur{lpdgdphqwh= m rqgh irl vxsrvwr txh=  S m  ( ( 1 Dglflrqdophqwh/ vxsrqgr txh=


S m n  S m  HA m  f S  m n H A2 m

 fe m' fe o(  A ( E n f2

S m txh   (

whp0vh= m Hqwr
fe o
A

m' e o( H f A ( o ' 2D A 

'h

Ghwhuplqdr gh Ao = D ixqr gh wudqvihuqfld

n rAo o n r - Ao

+617,
fe
A

S ghyh whu xp qjxor gh idvh gh Df qd iuhtxqfld gh fruwh gh jdqkr  ' Hqwr

|@?! Xvdqgr0vh

feAo feoAo  |@?! ' Df A A |@? k  |@? q n |@? k |@? q

|@?Ek  q ' frp

|@?EDf '  |@? Df ' f2SH

43

h id}hqgr0vh f '

feAo
A

/ whp0vh=
o f  -f o ' f2SH n f2 -

+618,

rx f2 n D vroxr =
o !  f2SH o -

o E  -  'f o n f2SH o

f' Frpr f '


feAo
A

u

o ! o f2SH -

2

 eo

2 v 2 6  - 8 A o fe

/ vhjxh txh= 5 Ao ' 7

 o n fD S -

o -

o  o fD S -

D udl} frp vlqdo srvlwlyr hvfroklgd srutxh xp pdlru ydoru gh Ao dvvhjxud d e nrA uhodr Ao f id}hqgr frp txh -Enr ooAo  whqkd xp jdqkr gh fhufd gh qd A o S iuhtxqfld 1

71 Dmxvwh gh sduphwurv gh frpshqvdgruhv shor pwrgr gh ]lhjohu0Qlfkrov


Rv dmxvwhv sursrvwrv sru ]lhjohu h Qlfkrov vr h{suhvvrv hp whuprv gr ydoru gr jdqkr gJrS gh xp frqwurodgru sursruflrqdo +Ilj1 714, txh ohyd r vlvwhpd dr olplwh gd hvwdelolgdgh h gr shurgr gd rvflodr vxvwhqwdgd txh rfruuhuld qhvwh olplwh/ gdgr sru JrS ' /2Z 1 JrS R pwrgr gh ]lhjohu0Qlfkrov shuplwh d ghwhuplqdr grv sduphwurv gr frp0 shqvdgru gh xpd pdqhlud vlpsohv1 Rv vhjxlqwhv dmxvwhv vr sursrvwrv sdud r frqwurodgru CS Er= Sursruflrqdo +S,= CS Er ' gS / rqgh gS ' fc DgJrS Sursruflrqdo0Lqwhjudo +SL ,= CS Er ' gS E n Ar / rqgh  44

U+v,

+
 0

gJrS

RoJSerrJ

\+v,

Iljxud 714= Dmxvwh gh ]lhjohu0Qlfkrov gS ' fc eDgJrS A ' fc H JrS Sursruflrqdo0Lqwhjudo0Ghulydwlyr +SLG, CS Er ' gS E n Ar n A_r/ rqgh  gS ' fc SgJrS A ' fc DJrS A_ ' fc 2DJrS Sursruflrqdo0Ghulydwlyr +SG, CS Er ' gS E n A_r/ rqgh gS ' fc SgJrS A_ ' fc 2DJrS R pwrgr gh ]lhjohu0Qlfkrov xvdgr d vhjxlu sdud d ghwhuplqdr grv sduphw0 urv gh frqwurodgruhv sdud uhjxodgruhv gh yhorflgdgh frp frqjxudr prghuqd1 R vlvwhpd gh frqwuroh gh yhorflgdgh gh xpd xqlgdgh klguxolfd prvwudgr qr gldjudpd gh eorfrv gd Ilj1 715 whp ixqr gh wudqvihuqfld 4Er .

+!
 0

nrAQ

!rA nrA *2

 rn(

jEr

Iljxud 715= Vlvwhpd xvdgr sdud fdofxodu jdqkr

jEr ' 4Er

 AQ A r

r2E (AQ A
2

gE  rA  n A n 2  n rE(A n
A

(A

n   gA  n E( n g

45

R frqwurodgru irl vxevwlwxgr sru xp jdqkr g h A uhsuhvhqwd d frqvwdqwh gh whpsr gr vhuyrsrvlflrqdgru1 D htxdr fdudfwhuvwlfd gdgd sru= r E A A (AA A (A nr2E nA n nrE(A n n gA nE( n g ' f 2 2 2 2

Ghyh0vh ghwhuplqdu r jdqkr gJrS txh ohyd r vlvwhpd dr olpldu gd lqvwdelolgdgh1 Xvdqgr Urxwk0Kxuzlw}= r r2 r rf
 AQ A (AQ A

n  A n 2   A ( E2AQ nA  E AQ A ( nAQ  (n n  !2gA dA E nAQ(n AQ  o


2

 A

(A n (A n   gA 2 (ng

(ng

(AQ A

 n E2AQ nA 

D frqglr sdud d h{lvwqfld gh ud}hv vreuh r hl{r lpdjlqulr =  E2AnA  h/ sruwdqwr E2A n A   A A 2  A Q ( n A( n  2 n A A (E n 2AQ  2 A dA E n A ( n A o   2 AA 2 A ( 2 ( n A ( n  n 2gA dA E n A ( n Ao ' f 2 2

gJrS '

D iuhtxqfld gh rvflodr srgh vhu fdofxodgd gd htxdr dx{loldu=    A (A A n  A n r2 n E( n gJrS ' f 2 2 Orjr/ d iuhtxqfld gdgd sru== v / JrS ' h r shurgr srgh vhu fdofxodgr gh 46

2 E( n gJrS   E2A n A  n (AA

JrS ' rx vhmd/ v JrS ' 2Z

2Z /JrS

 E2A n A  n (AA 2 E( n gJrS

H{hpsor= Vhmd r vlvwhpd frp sduphwurv= - ' ffD ('f  ' ff re} A ' 2f re} A ' fD re} Hqwr xvdqgr dv h{suhvvhv dqwhulruhv/ whp0vh gJrS ' e2HS h JrS ' .DD re}1 Vxsrqgr lqlfldophqwh txh r frqwurodgru vhmd  U1 Hqwr CSEr ' gS E n  rA

rqgh gS ' feDgJrS h A ' fH JrS1 Rv sduphwurv gr frqwurodgru vr gS ' b2H. h A ' b.D. re}1 D hvwuxwxud gr uhjxodgru frp vhuyrsrvlflrqdgru frqvlghudqgr0vh dshqdv d dr  U +KR ' f, +yhu Fdswxor 5 gdv Qrwdv gh Dxod/ sj1 79,=


n K| rA% Hqwr/ gS ' n rA K| rA% Frp rv sduphwurv fdofxodgrv/ whp0vh= CS Er ' gS n K| ' , K| ' fDHD gS

o ' K| , o ' fDHD

47

A , A% ' DfS re} gS Xvdqgr0vh d ixqr gh wudqvihuqfld gr uhjxodgru/ whp0vh= A% '


A% KR n K| n r KR nK| n rAo  '  o A% K| KR - n r - Ao n r KR



| h Ao ' K A%K| / - ' K R K| h o ' K|/ gh wdo prgr txh rv grlv odgrv gd htxdr vr Rn Rn htxlydohqwhv1 Srgh0vh fdofxodu KR xvdqgr d htxdr
K K
 

-' Hqwr= KR '


 

KR K| KR n K|
 

K| K|  -

rx/ frp - ' ffD/ KR ' ffDD1 Ao srgh vhu fdofxodgr xvdqgr0vh d htxdr= Ao ' A% KR n K|


h Ao ' HH2 re}1 R surmhwr gh xp frqwurodgru gh dwudvr gh idvh sru gldjudpdv gh Ergh/ xvdqgr dv dsur{lpdhv ghvhqyroylgdv dqwhulruphqwh/ ohyd d o ' fD h Ao ' D2f re}1 Frqwurodgru  U( Hvwh frqwurodgru gdgr sru n A_r A r rqgh gS ' fSgJrS/ A ' fDJrS h A_ ' f2DJrS Vxevwlwxlqgr0vh rv sduphwurv rewhp0vh gS ' 2D. A ' DHH re} A_ ' e. re} Frpsdudqgr frp d hvwuxwxud gr uhjxodgru gh yhorflgdgh  U(= CS Er ' gSE n 48

gS n gSA_ r ' n n rA? A r K| rA% Xvdqgr dv iupxodv gh ]lhjohu0Qlfkrov/ whp0vh= CSEr ' gS n K| KR A% A?


' ' ' '

f Hb ffD.e 22HH ..H

81 Frpsdudr gh Ghvhpshqkr sdud rv Glyhuvrv Dmxvwhv


Frp r remhwlyr gh frpsdudu r ghvhpshqkr gh glyhuvdv hvwudwjldv gh dmxvwh gh sduphwurv gh uhjxodgruhv gh yhorflgdgh/ irudp uhdol}dgdv dojxpdv vlpxodhv gh uhvsrvwd qr whpsr d xp dxphqwr hp ghjudx gd fdujd frqvlhudqgr lqlfldophqwh r uhjxodgru gh yhorflgdgh fovvlfr/ fxmd ixqr gh wudvqihuqfld gdgd shod Ht1 +414,1 D pdjqlwxgh gr ghjudx gh fdujd frqvlghudgr gh fc f sx1 Rv ydoruhv sdud rv sduphwurv gr vlvwhpd frqgxwr irudgr0wxuelqd0pdvvdv jludqwhv vr gdgrv qd wdehod dedl{r1 A` ' 2c f r - ' fc fD R*R  ' fc f r A ' fc D r ( ' R*R D Ilj1 814 dsuhvhqwd dv uhvsrvwdv dr ghjudx fruuhvsrqghqwhv d wuv dmxvwhv=  Rv dmxvwhv edvhdgrv qd uhvsrvwd hp iuhtqfld ylvwrv qd Vhr 617 hp txh wrgdv dv klswhvhv vlpsolfdgrudv dol dsuhvhqwdgdv vr dsolfdgdv1 D fxuyd fruuhvsrqghqwh qd Ilj1 814 lghqwlfdgd frpr UI Dsur{>  Dmxvwhv rewlgrv vhjxlqgr0vh r phvpr surfhglphqwr gd Vhr 617/ srup djrud vhp dsolfdu dv dsur{lpdhv1 D fxuyd rewlgd lqglfdgd qd Ilj1 814 frpr UI>  Dmxvwhv rewlgrv dsolfdqgr0vh rv fulwulrv gh ]lhjohu0Qlfkrov gd Vhr 7/ jh0 udqgr d uhvsrvwd dr ghjudx lqglfdgd sru ]Q qd Ilj1 8141 49

Iljxud 814= Ghvylr gh iuhtqfld gr uhjxodgru gh yhorflgdgh fovvlfr hp uhvsrvwd d ghjudx gh fdujd gh fc f sx/ sdud dmxvwhv edvhdgrv hp uhvsrvwd hp iuhtqfld frp h vhp dsur{lpdhv h dmxvwh gh ]lhjohu0Qlfkrov1 D sduwlu gd dqolvh gdv fxuydv qd Ilj1 814/ revhuyd0vh txh r pwrgr edvhdgr qd uhvsrvwd hp iuhtqfld dsur{lpdgr whqgh d iruqhfhu xpd uhvsrvwd ehp pdlv ohqwd txh rv ghpdlv1 Lvwr frqvhtqfld gd frqvhuydwlylgdgh gdv dsur{lpdhv dsolfdgdv/ txh whqghp d iruqhfhu xpd pdujhp gh idvh uhdo ehp pdlru gr txh d pdujhp gh idvh hvshflfdgd sdud r surmhwr1 Wdpep irudp uhdol}dgdv vlpxodhv sdud rv uhjxodgruhv wdfrpwulfr +fxuyd uhihulgd frpr Wdfrp1,/ wdfr0dfhohurpwulfr +W0Dfho1, h SLG ghvfulwrv qdv qr0 wdv gh dxod1 Qhvwh fdvr/ irl dsolfdgr r pwrgr gh dmxvwh edvhdgr qrv fulwulrv gh ]lhjohu0Qlfkrov gd Vhr 71 Rv uhvxowdgrv/ lqfoxlqgr rv ydoruhv grv sduphwurv rewlgrv/ vr dsuhvhqwdgrv qd Ilj1 8151 Yhulfd0vh txh rv whpsrv gh uhvsrvwd rewl0 grv vr edvlfdphqwh rv phvprv/ vhqgr txh r ghvhpshqkr wudqvlwulr hp whuprv gh pdjqlwxgh gr vxevlqdo grv uhjxodgruhv txh xvdp lqirupdr ghulydwlyd +wdfr0 dfhohurpwulfr h SLG, oljhludphqwh phokru gr txh r gr uhjxodgru wdfrpwulfr1

4:

Iljxud 815= Ghvylr gh iuhtqfld hp uhvsrvwd d ghjudx gh fdujd gh fc f sx sdud dmxvwhv grv uhjxodgruhv wdfr0dfhohurpwulfr/ wdfrpwulfr h SLG1

4;

También podría gustarte