PROJECT REPORT ON CHEMISTRY

TOPIC:

ADULTERATION IN FOOD

Submitted by : Name : Class : School :

CERTIFICATE

This is hereby certify that Ms. 2010-11 of School

, student of

of session report

Jorhat, have completed this educational tour

successfully under my guidance and supervision.

Date :

Signature of Teacher

Certificate to be the bonafide work done by Miss . of class .. in the . During the year .. date .. P.G.T. in Submitted for All India Senior School Certificate Practical Examination held in Examiner : Date : .. at Indian Public School

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my chemistry mentor .for her vital support, guidance and encouragement without which this project would not have come forth. I would also like to express my gratitude to the lab assistant . For her support during the making of the project.

Miss :

CONTENTS Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Topic Objective Introduction Theory Experiment Experiment Experiment Result Conclusion Bibliography

OBJECTIVE :

The objective of this project is to study some of the common food adulterants food stuff. Adulteration in food is normally present in its most crude form: prohibited substance are either added or partly or wholly substituted. Normally the contamination/ adulteration in food is done either for financial gain or due to carelessness and lack in proper hygienic condition of processing, storing, transportation and marketing. This ultimately results that the consumer is either cheated or often become victim of disease. Such types of adulteration are quite common in developing adulteration and their effect on health. TffIDRy: The increasing number of food producers and the outstanding amount of important foodstuffs enables the producers to mislead and cheat consumers. To differentiate those who take advantage of legal rules from the ones who commit food adulteration is very difficult. To consciousness of consumers would be crucial. Ignorance and unfair market behaviour may endanger consumer health and misleading can lead to positioning. So we need simple screening, tests of their detection. In the past few decades, adulteration of food has become on of the serious problems. Consumption of adulteration food causes serious disease like cancer, diarrhea, asthma, ulcers etc. Majority of fats, oils and butter are paraffin wax, castor oil and hydrocarbons. Red chilli powder is mixed with brick powder and pepper is mixed with dried papaya seeds. These adulteration can be easily identified by simple chemical tests. countries or backward countries. It is equally important for the consumer to know the common

Several agencies have been set up by the Government of India to remove adulteration from food stuffs. AGMARK : Acronym for agricultural marketing, this organization certifies food products for their quality. Its objectives is to promote the Grading and Standardization of agricultural and allied commodities. To detect the presence of adulteration in fat, oil and butter Requirement :

Test-tube, acetic anhydride, conc. H2SO4, acetic acid, conc. HNO3.

Procedure : Common adulteration present in ghee and oil are paraffin wax, hydrocarbons, dyes and argemone oil. These are detected as follows : i. Adulteration of paraffin wax and hydrocarbon in vegetable ghee heat small amount of vegetable ghee with acetic anhydride. Droplets of oil floating on the surface of unused acetic anhydride indicates the presence of wax or hydrocarbons.

ii.

Adulteration of dyes in fat heat 1ml of fat with mixture of 1 ml on conc. Sulphuric acid and 4 ml acetic acid. Appearance of pink or red colour indicates presence of dye in fat.

iii.

Adulteration of argemone oil in edible oils. To small amount of oil in a test-tube, add few drops of con. HNO3 and

shake. Appearance of red colour in the acid layer indicates presence of argemone oil. To detect of presence of adulteration in sugar Requirement : Test-tube, dil. HCL Procedure: Sugar is usually contaminated with washing soda and other insoluble substances which are detected as follows : (i). Adulteration of various insoluble substance in sugar. Take small amount of sugar in a test-tube and shake it with little water. Pure sugar dissolves in water but insoluble impurities do not dissolve. (ii). Adulteration of chalk powder, washing soda in sugar To small amount of sugar in a test-tube, add few drops of dil. HCL. Brisk effervescence of CO2 shows the presence of chalk powder or washing soda in the given sample of sugar. To detect the presence of adulteration in samples of chilli powder, turmeric powder and pepper. Requirement :

Test-tube, conc. HCL, dil. HNO3, KI solution

Procedure: Common adulteration present in chilli powder, turmeric powder and pepper are red coloured lead salts, yellow leads santsl and dried papaya seeds respectively. They are detected of follows : (i). Adulteration of red lead salts in chilli powder. To a sample of chilli powder, add dil. HNO3. Filter the solution and add 2 drops of potassium iodide solution to the filtrate. Yellow ppt. indicates the presence of lead acid salts in chilli powder. (ii). Adulteration of yellow lead salts to turmeric powder. To a sample of turmeric powder and conc. HCL. Appearance of magenta colour shows the presence of yellow oxides of lead in turmeric powder. (iii) Adulteration of brick powder in red chilli powder Add small amount of given red chilli powder in beaker containing water. Brick powder settles at the bottom while purr chilli powder floats over water. (iv). Adulteration of dried papaya seeds in pepper Add small amount of sample of pepper to a beaker containing water and stir with a glass road. Dried papaya seeds being lighter float over water pure pepper settles at the bottom.

Experiment

Procedure

Observation

Adulteration hydrocarbon vegetable ghee

of Heat

small

amount of

of oil

paraffin wax and vegetable ghee with acetic in anhydride, unused Droplet acetic floating on the surface of anhydride indicate the presence of wax or hydrocarbon. Adulteration dyes in fat Adulteration edible oils Adulteration of Heat 1ml of fat with mixture of 1ml of conc. H2SO4 and 4 ml of acetic acid of To small amount of oil in a conc. HNO3 & shack. of Take small amount of sugar

argemone oil in test tube, add few drops of

various insoluble in a test tube and shake it with substance in sugar little water. Adulteration of To small amount of sugar in a chalk powder, test tube, add a few drops of washing soda in dill. HCL sugar Adulteration to powder Adulteration chilli powder Adulteration of To sample of chilli powder, solution and add 2 drops of KI solution to the filtrate. of Add small amount of given of To sample of turmeric

yellow lead salts powder, add conc. HCL turmeric

red lead salts in add dill HNO3. Filter the

brick powder in red chilli powder in a beaker chilli powder Adulteration in pepper containing water. of Add small amount of sample water and stir with a glass rod

dried papaya seeds of pepper to beaker containing

CONCLUSION : The increasing number of food producers and the out standing amounts of imported food stuffs enables the producers to mislead and cheat consumers. To differentiate of those who take advantage of legal rules from the once who commit food adulteration is very difficult. The consciousness of consumers has become very crucial. However, how can we expect consequent behavior from them regarding controversial issues emerging day by day? In addition, ignorance and unfair market behaviors is endangering consumer health. So we need sanctions and judicial penalties with adequate restaning force to halt this process.

Bibliography :