100% Basis of Design Report 05-15-2003

University of California, Merced 100% Basis of Design Report
May 2003 Draft

STRUCTURAL ENGINEER, MECHANICAL ENGINEER & ELECTRICAL ENGINEER ARUP 901 Market Street, Suite 260 San Francisco, CA 94103 TEL 415 957 9445 FAX 415 057 9096 ARCHITECT & STRUCTURAL ENGINEER SKIDMORE, OWINGS & MERRILL, LLP One Market Street, Suite 2400 San Francisco, CA 94111 TEL 415 981 1555 FAX 415 398 3214 LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS PETER WALKER AND PARTNERS 739 Allston Way Berkeley, CA 94710 TEL 510 849 9494 FAX 510 849 9333 CIVIL ENGINEER SANDIS HUMBER JONES 590 Menlo Drive, Suite 1 Rocklin, CA 95765 TEL 916 435 2400 FAX 916 435 2410 CIVIL ENGINEER KENNEDY/JENKS CONSULTING 1330 Broadway, Suite 700 Oakland, CA 94612 TEL 510 663 3960 FAX 510 663 6210 COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEER SMITH FAUSE MCDONALD 351 Eighth Street San Francisco, CA 94103 TEL 415 255 9140 FAX 415 222 9180 SECURITY ENGINEER CATALYST Consulting Group 1040 Main Street, Suite 201 Napa, CA 94559 TEL 707 224 3020 FAX 707 224 1377 COST CONSULTANT DAVIS LANGDON ADAMSON 170 Columbus Avenue San Francisco, CA 94133 TEL 415 981 1004 FAX 415 981 1419 LEED CONSULTANT LYNN SIMON ASSOCIATES 65 McCoppin Street San Francisco, CA 94103 TEL 415 437 1425 FAX 415 437 1428
University of California, Merced UC Merced Infrastructure 100% Basis of Design Report
May 2003
Ove Arup & Partners California Ltd 901 Market Street Suite 260, San Francisco, California, 94103 Tel +1 415 957 9445 Fax +1 415 957 9096 www.arup.com
Job number
32080
University of California, Merced
UC Merced Infrastructure 100% Basis of Design Report
CONTENTS
Page DIRECTORY OF CONSULTANTS & ABBREVIATIONS 1. 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3. 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 6. 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 7. 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 INTRODUCTION TECHNICAL MEMORANDA CENTRAL PLANT AREA Energy Targets (Arup) Mechanical (Arup) Electrical (Arup) Plumbing (Arup) Architecture (SOM) Structural (SOM) CORPORATION YARD TECHNICAL MEMORANDA DEMOLITION AND GRADING (SHJ) Site Demolition Site Grading Erosion and Sediment Control TECHNICAL MEMORANDA UTILITIES Storm Sewer (SHJ) Sanitary Sewer (K/J) Electricity - Power (Arup) IT/Campus Information Systems Distribution (SFMI) Natural Gas Distribution System (K/J) Chilled Water Distribution System (K/J) Hot Water Distribution System (K/J) Recycled Water (K/J) Irrigation Main (K/J) Potable Water (K/J) Site Lighting (Arup) Security (CCG) TECHNCIAL MEMORANDA UTILITY TUNNEL (K/J) Preliminary Evaluation of Tunnel Construction Utility Tunnel Civil Design Criteria Utility Tunnel Structural Design Criteria Utility Tunnel Mechanical Design Criteria Utility Tunnel Coordination with University Buildings Utility Tunnel Electrical Design Criteria Utility Tunnel Instrumentation and Controls Design Criteria OFF-SITE UTILITIES Storm Sewer (SHJ) Sanitary Sewer (K/J) Electricity (Arup) IT - WAN & MAN Systems (SFMI)
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Ove Arup & Partners California Ltd Draft May 15, 2003
Q:\32080\4_PROJECT_DATA\4-05 REPORTS\100% BASIS OF DESIGN\MASTERDOC\100%MASTERREPORT.DOC
7.5 7.6 8. 8.1 8.2 9. 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 10. 10.1 11. 11.1 11.2 12. 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 13. 13.1 13.2
Gas (KJ) Potable Water (K/J) TECHNICAL MEMORANDA ROADS (SHJ) Alignment - Geometry and Profiles Pavement Design TECHNICAL MEMORANDA BRIDGE DESIGN Site Constraints (Arup) Bridge Type Selection (Arup) Architectural Considerations (SOM) Existing Bridge (Arup) TECHNICAL MEMORANDA DETENTION BASIN (SHJ) Detention Basin Design TECHNCAL MEMORANDA CANAL IMPROVEMENT WORKS (SHJ) Levee Stabilization Measures Seepage Mitigation Measures TECHNICAL MEMORANDA LANDSCAPE (PWP) Hardscape Softscape Site Lighting Bike Parking Landscape Elements Special Site Features LEED GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEM (LSA) Overview Process
109 109 110 110 114 117 117 119 120 121 122 122 123 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 130 131 131 131
APPENDICES REFER TO 100% BASIS OF DESIGN REPORT APPENDICES APPENDIX A Campus Utilities APPENDIX B LEED v2.1 Green Building Matrix APPENDIX C Communications Systems - VOIP
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DIRECTORY OF CONSULTANTS & ABBREVIATIONS
DISCIPLINE
Prime, Mechanical, Electrical, Structural Engineers Architect & Structural Engineer
CONSULTANT
Arup 901 Market Street, Suite 260 San Francisco, CA 94103 Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, LLP. One Market Street, Suite 2500 San Francisco, CA 94111 Peter Walker & Partners 739 Allston Way Berkeley, CA 94710 Sandis Humber Jones 590 Menlo Drive, Suite 1 Rocklin, CA 95765 Kennedy/Jenks Consulting 1330 Broadway, Suite 700 Oakland, CA 94612 Smith, Fause & McDonald, Inc. 351 8th Street San Francisco, CA 94103 CATALYST Consulting Group 1040 Main Street, Suite 201 Napa, CA 94559 Davis Langdon Adamson 170 Columbus Avenue San Francisco, CA 94133 Simon and Associates 65 McCoppin Street, San Francisco, CA 94103
ABBREVIATION
Arup
SOM
Landscape Architect
PWP
Civil Engineer
SHJ
Civil Engineer
K/J
Communications Engineer
SFMI
Security Engineer
CCG
Cost Consultant
DLA
LEED Consultant
LSA
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1.
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this report is to summarize the criteria used as the Basis of Design for the UC Merced Site and Infrastructure Project. The report comprises Technical Memoranda for each design element that summarize existing conditions (where applicable), campus demands, design criteria, design methodologies and design summaries. Refer to the Arup report Corporation Yard Basis of Design Report for the criteria used in the design of the Corporation Yard. It should be noted that the landscape design is ongoing at the time of writing. Upon completion of this design phase, this report will be reissued.
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2. 2.1
TECHNICAL MEMORANDA CENTRAL PLANT AREA Energy Targets (Arup)

2.1.1 Energy Targets
Previous work by the UC Merced Energy Group has measured real energy demand and annual use at 8 California Campuses. The results have been correlated for ambient temperature conditions and percentage of complex (laboratory) space on the campus. For the non-laboratory spaces it is assumed that classrooms, library and other mid level use spaces are roughly equal in area to low-level use areas such as recreational facilities and residential buildings. The electrical and cooling loads associated with the low-level areas have been taken as 70% of the loads for the classroom/library spaces. As all buildings at UC Merced will be new and will also be designed to operate in an energy efficient manner, the demands and annual consumption figures are set at 20% below the measured figures from existing campuses. The targets as listed below assume current energy saving technologies and practice. As the campus develops and good quality performance data becomes available from the Phase I buildings the energy targets will be updated. This will keep the University at the vanguard of energy conscious design. Table 2.2-1 - Building Energy Targets Laboratory Bldgs Peak Demand at Building (1) 5.3 W/GSF Annual electricity use (2) 33 kWh/yr/GSF Max heating demand (3) 34 Btu/hr/GSF Annual therm use 1.50 th/yr/GSF Cooling load budget (4) 2.9 Tons/kGSF Residential/ Recreational 2.0 W/GSF Library/ Classroom 2.9 W/GSF
8.7 kWh/yr/GSF 12 kWh/yr/GSF 15 Btu/hr/GSF 10 Btu/hr/GSF
0.23 th/yr/GSF 0.16 th/yr/GSF 1.1 Tons/kGSF 1.6Tons/kGSF
1,2, 4 Assumes that chilled water load at afternoon peak is met by chilled water storage tank discharge and not chillers. Chilled water Central Plant capacity based on 90% diversity of building loads. 1,2 The electrical demand and use figures include an allowance for pump power at the Central Plant. 3 Heating demand in the non-residential buildings is met by heating water distributed from the Central Plant at 210oF supply and 120oF return. Heating demand includes domestic hot water. Residential/Recreational buildings will have local gas fired heating systems.
2.1.2 Verification of Meeting Targets
These maximum demands and annual energy consumptions will require energy efficient design and operation. Achieving these targets will result in buildings that exceed the requirements of Title 24 and, taken with other sustainable measures, will place the building in the Silver Category of LEED.
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There is a significant difference in showing compliance with the energy targets in Table 2.2-1 and showing compliance with Title 24 or ASHRAE 90.1. In comparing design performance with the targets we are comparing a theoretical energy model against targets derived from real world data. Standard ASHRAE and Title 24 Performance Methods compare two theoretical models. Standard Demand calculations will use the design occupancy, lighting and small power loads for each space at the design outdoor conditions. Some diversity may be applied to the sum of loads but in general these calculations will be used to size the HVAC systems and the incoming CHW and HHW services. This load demand will be called the peak credible demand. The number of times in a year when design occupancy, lighting, plug and ambient loads occur at the same time is relatively rare and so to calculate a "real world" demand a more liberal diversity should be applied. This step is contingent upon building systems and controls that allow the systems to back off under lower use. Typically this means VAV or similar air controls, daylight and occupancy sensors on lighting, CO2 controls on variable occupancy spaces such as classrooms and setback or VAV fumehoods in laboratories. Design teams will need to justify the load profile used for the "real world demand" with the Universities' Project Manager.
2.1.3 Title 24 Compliance
A target of beating Title 24 by 20% has been proposed as another target. It was felt that if buildings achieved this performance then the energy targets listed above would be achievable and buildings would be in position to achieve a LEED Silver Rating. There are several problems with using Title 24 as the primary target. For laboratory buildings the calculation is somewhat trivial as the lab loads are discounted as process. A similar situation occurs for the large classrooms As part of the overall strategy for reducing energy a very efficient Central Plant is being designed, but individual building Title 24 calculations cannot get credit for this. This leaves very little "meat" for the building design team to undershoot Title 24 by 20%. Primarily this leaves reducing the glass percentage, getting the air-handling units to perform well below Title 24 limits and reducing the lighting gain by efficient fixtures and daylighting controls. The two elements of building design that will help provide a low energy system are reducing the heat gain/loss through the perimeter and low fan energy. Overall heat loss/gain through the building envelope should target 20% below a Title 24 equivalent building. If this can be achieved through shading and high performance glass then the goals of the Campus have been met. As a guideline for reducing fan energy the Watts/CFM should be 20% below Title 24. In summary the individual buildings must pass Title 24. Beating Title 24 by 20% is a guideline towards achieving the energy targets, which take precedence, as they are directly applicable to the type of buildings on the campus.
2.1.4 Energy Targets and Infrastructure Sizing
The design targets as set out in Table 2-1 above have been used for the initial sizing of the energy infrastructure. The implication of this is that if future buildings do not adhere to energy efficient design there will be a shortfall in the heating, cooling and power supply from the central utility. The loads for the Node1 buildings are tabulated in Table2.2-2.
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Table 2.2-2 - Utility Loads for Plant Node 1

PROJECT NAME CAMPUS INITIAL DEVELOPMENT PHASE 1 Central Plant Capacity 2 Science and Engineering 1 3 Library/Information Technology Center 4 Classroom and Office Bldg. 5 Housing (includes Dining, Community Center, Recreation, and Parking) - Phase 1 Note 1 2,500 100,000 120,000 60,000 235,000 20,000 166,667 175,000 92,308 293,750 Aug-04 Aug-04 Aug-04 Aug-04 Aug-04 32 483 280 148 323 200 5,167 1,750 923 4,406 1,800 883 508 268 617 ASF OGSF OCCUPANCY CHW LOAD HHW LOAD ELECTRICITY DATE (TONS) (MBH) (kW)
6 Housing (including Child Care and Parking) - Phase 2 Note 1 7 Logistical Support/Services Facilities 9 Science and Engineering 2 10 Social Science and Management Bldg. Subtotal PROPOSED FUTURE DEVELOPMENT (4) 11 Charter School 12 Student Center 13 Campus Recreation Center 14 Housing (includes Dining expansion and Parking) Phase 3 note 1 Block E9 Academic Block E10 mixed Use (note3) Block E11 Open Space Block D8 Academic Block D9 Academic Block D10 mixed Use Block D11 mixed Use Block C5 Academic Block C7 Academic Block C8 Research Block B6 Academic Block B7 Academic Additional Residential Subtotal
209,000 20,000 67,000 60,000 873,500
261,250 33,333 111,667 92,308 1,246,282
Aug-05 Dec-05 Aug-07 Dec-08 (3)
287 53 324 148 2,078 (3)
3,919 333 3,462 923 12,758
549 97 592 268 3800 (2)
50,000 20,000 20,000 212,560
76,923 30,769 25,000 265,700
Jul-09 Jul-09 Jul-09 Aug-09
123 49 40 292
769 308 375 3,986
223 89 73 558
72,500 114,110 54,560 270,920 192,000 168,000 39,500 59,380 212,400 33,390 13,880 550,000 302,560 1,629,032 2,875,314
116 148 87 433 250 218 63 95 616 53 22 605 3,212 (3) 5,291
725 1,712 546 2,709 2,880 2,520 395 594 6,584 334 139 8,250 20,589 (3) 33,347
210 331 158 786 557 487 115 172 1,126 97 40 1,155 6,176 8,300 (2)
TOTAL 1,176,060
CHW= Chilled Water; HHW = Heating Hot Water Note 1: Residential Buildings have independent heating systems Note 2: Electrical loads are per building. For campus load diversity should be applied. 1800 kW of demand at Central Plant occurs at night when chillers are charging chilled water tank. Note 3: The chilled water and heating loads are per building. Expected diversity at the central plant is 90%
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Note 4: By the time the future buildings are in design, data on the performance of the campus 2004 buildings will be available. This data combined with improved energy saving technologies should allow lower building energy targets to be in force. The figures in this table DO NOT account for the expected improvements in energy performance and so should be treated as the maximum credible future loads.
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2.2
Mechanical (Arup)
2.2.1 General
The Central Plant will deliver heating water and chilled water to the academic buildings for the purpose of space heating and cooling, and chilled water to student residences and other support buildings. The Central Plant will also house some services for the laboratory buildings to reduce the service requirements at the laboratory buildings.
2.2.2 Heating Water and Chilled Water Plant Distribution Options
Three main options were investigated for the delivery of heating and cooling water to the campus buildings. These options were discussed extensively during the DPP Phase and the nodal plant system was chosen. This system is summarized below. A series of Central Plant nodes are sited evenly though the campus, and are constructed only when the campus expansion requires additional plant capacity. The first node serves the area immediately adjacent to the 2008 buildout, extending over the canal in the future to connect to the second node. As the area served by each node is centralized and adjacent to the node, distribution pipe sizes are reduced. Maintenance requirements are similar to a single large Central Plant, and large, efficient equipment can be specified. The second node will serve the main research laboratory area.
2.2.3 Current Design
2.2.3.1 General
In accordance with the Campus 2008 site layout, the first Central Plant node (Node 1) will be located near the Science and Engineering Building, the Classroom Building, the Library, and the corporation yard buildings. This node will deliver chilled water and heating water to these core buildings, and chilled water to the student residence and other support buildings. The student residences and support buildings have relatively small heating loads compared with the laboratory buildings and their location means that distribution costs and losses start to dominate. It will be less expensive to serve these buildings with local heating sources. Space is allocated in Node 1 to allow the installation of future equipment to service approximately twice the 2008 load. A second plant node will be located to the northeast, adjacent to the main research buildings, when these buildings are initiated. The utility tunnel will connect the two plant nodes. With chilled water generation close to the high-load buildings, overall distribution costs are reduced. Utilities to each building will be metered. This will allow central monitoring of energy usage, to provide baselines for future projects as well as to monitor the overall health of the building systems. A backcharge rate may also be introduced, to make academic programs accountable for the responsible and efficient operation of their facilities.
2.2.4 Chilled Water Plant
2.2.4.1 General
Using the energy targets as a guide to load sizing shows a peak load of 2,100 tons for the 2008 build-out (Table2-2.2). Applying a 90% diversity to the individual building loads results in a peak load of 1,900 tons. The cooling load at full build-out will be approximately 5,300 tons, or 4,800 at the plant with 90% Diversity. As there is some uncertainty as to future building loads
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the central plant Node 1 is designed to deliver 5,000 tons at full build-out. For flexibility at final build-out, it is reasonable to design the plant for 2 capacity phases of 2,500 tons each. Although the 2,500 tons in Phase 1 is more than the expected peak demand of Campus 2008, it is sufficient to fully charge the chilled water storage tank within 12 hours, which provides operational advantages for peak shaving. To meet this tonnage at the design delta-T, the chilled water supply and return piping within the plant building will be 18-inches in diameter. This provides a reasonable tradeoff between first costs and pumping energy.
2.2.5 Thermal Energy Storage
2.2.5.1 General
An advantage of centralizing chilled water generation is that thermal energy storage can be incorporated with relative ease. A 30,000 ton-hour stratified chilled water thermal energy storage tank (TES) will be incorporated into the initial phase of this project. Combined with efficient building design, the tank will provide the total chilled water requirement during the onpeak and partial peak electrical rate periods through 2008. At the full Node 1 build-out, the tank will cover the chilled water requirement during the on-peak electrical rate period. The TES tank reduces electrical demand during the more expensive electrical rate periods. At night, when rates are low, electric chillers charge the tank by taking warm water from the top, chilling it, and putting it back in at the bottom. This process continues until the tank is fully charged (chilled) or it is no longer cost effective to run the chillers due to the rate schedule. During the partial peak or peak rate periods, depending on the volume of cold water in the tank and the estimated daily load, the chillers are turned off and the tank is discharged to the loop by the distribution pumps. The pumps take cold water from the bottom of the tank, send it to the buildings, and deliver the warm return water to the top of the tank. As the chillers do not run during the expensive rate periods, campus electrical peak demand is reduced. Chillers only run at full load at night when wet bulb temperatures are low, improving the overall efficiency. The tank relies on the density difference between cold water at the bottom and warm water at the top to stratify the tank. Pipe headers in the tank are designed to minimize turbulence even at the peak flow rates. As the density difference is small, inaccurate control of the supply and return water temperatures can cause temperature inversions within the tank, mixing the water and destroying the tank charge. Good quality controls and temperature sensors are required on the flow and return pipework connecting the tank to the system. Due to its large size, the tank cannot be pressurized, as the construction cost would be unreasonable. The tank is therefore vented, and the height of the tank provides the system pressure pre-charge. The height of the tank is set to some extent by the relative elevations of the buildings on the loop, as building chilled water piping above the tank water level will be negatively pressurized under static conditions. While this can be addressed operationally, it is certainly advantageous to set the tank water level higher than the majority of the buildings. Due to the relative elevation difference at the tank compared to the buildings (tank grade is at 240 feet) the tank must be. The economic minimum diameter of the tank is 60 feet and with an actual water height of 85 feet the tank has a total storage capacity of 30,000 Ton-Hours. As the tank height provides the system pre-charge, no expansion tank is required for the chilled water system under normal operation, although one will be provided for the rare occasions when the tank is isolated from the system for maintenance. As the velocity in the tank is extremely low, it will act as an efficient air separator. It will also collect all system sediment, requiring a method for blowing out dirt and scale.
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2.2.5.2 Chilled Water Load Profiles, Chiller Plant and Thermal Energy Storage Tank Sizing
Although a 30,000 Ton-Hour tank is larger than required for Campus 2008 it avoids the use of pressure sustaining valves on the taller buildings and avoids the future cost and operational complexity of two tanks. Additionally, though the plant loads are low in 2008, the 30,000-ton hour tank can provide 12 hours of storage at a rate of 2,500 tons. The tank will therefore meet the entire on-peak plus partial peak period initially; so buying the larger tank results in both lower cost overall and greater operational savings at early project stages. It is probable that in the initial phases of the campus development at non-peak weather conditions the tank will charged at the weekend and will only require top up charging for a few hours during weekday nights. To store 30,000 ton hours in 13 hours (the off-peak window) will require the full output of 2,500 tons of chillers, less the coincident load from the loop. Assuming an initial chiller purchase of three 1,250 ton machines, on the peak design day, the redundant chiller must be operated to meet the coincident load from the loop during the charging period to achieve the maximum savings possible with the larger tank. With only two chillers operational during peak cooling periods, the plant will not be able to store the full 30,000 ton-hours in the off peak period.
2.2.5.3 Chiller Arrangement and Size
Central plants use multiple chillers, with one redundant chiller equal in size to the largest chiller. One chiller (or its supporting equipment) can therefore be taken out of service while maintaining the required capacity. If all chillers are the same size, supporting equipment, such as cooling towers and pumps are interchangeable, improving flexibility and simplifying maintenance. The chosen arrangement for the Merced Central Plant is to have two 1250-Ton machines operate in series. The first chiller is set to take water from the loop return water temp (averaging 65F on the design day) to approximately 55F and the second from 55F down to 39F. This series arrangement provides the most efficient way cooling large delta T chilled water systems. Estimated chiller efficiencies are 0.53kW/Ton at full load, even with the low discharge temperature. As the chillers will nearly always be operating at full load at night this is a more realistic figure to use than IPLV efficiency ratings. The use of canal water for condenser water at temperatures around 60-65F will further improve the efficiency to 0.45kW/Ton. For comparison Title 24 requires 0.75 kW/Ton at full load for chillers above 300 Tons. The third chiller will be piped to provide redundancy for either of the two service chillers. To meet the future Node 1 loads, space will be left for two additional chillers also piped in series. The Phase 1 redundant chiller will also provide backup for the two future chillers. The final plant capacity is therefore 5,000 tons, with a back-up chiller of 1,250 tons, for a total installed capacity of 6,250 tons. While it is not anticipated that all five chillers will run simultaneously, piping and controls will allow this operational strategy. The piping arrangement will also allow the following strategies: Chillers and the tank discharge to the loop simultaneously (at a reduced tank peak flow rate). Chillers both charge the tank and simultaneously supply the loop. Tank charged by chillers located in another plant node (future). All chillers will use R134a as a refrigerant. The use of HCFC's will not be allowed.
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2.2.5.4 Chilled Water Temperature
The campus distribution pipe and pump sizes are dependant on both the building loads and the difference in temperature between the chilled water supply and the chilled water return (DeltaT). High Delta-Ts mean low water volumes, and distribution energy is related to the volume of water that must be distributed. A large Delta-T also assists tank stratification by increasing the density difference between the warm and cold water, and creates a large thermal storage capacity with a relatively small tank volume. This reduces tank first costs. These factors encourage design of large Delta-T chilled water distribution systems. There are some limits on the Delta-T that can be achieved. The lowest water temperature that can be used in a water system is around 36F. Colder temperatures require brines or antifreeze solutions. When using stratified water storage systems the practical low limit is 40F because stratified storage systems use differences in density between supply and return chilled water, and the maximum density point for water is slightly above 39F. The temperature of chilled water to buildings is somewhat higher than the temperature delivered to the TES tank due to storage and distribution heat gains. Based on 39F supply from the chillers to the TES tank, and taking into account temperature rise to the buildings, the lowest chilled water supply temperature to the buildings we can assume using stratified water storage is about 40F. The dry-bulb temperature of the air entering the cooling coils limits the chilled water return temperature. The closer the return chilled water temperature is to the entering the air dry bulb temperature, the more demanding the coil design. A reasonable approach at the full coil load is about 10F difference between the entering-air dry-bulb and leaving chilled water temperatures. A coil with this full load design temperature difference may achieve closer approaches at part loads depending on the nature of the part load conditions. If buildings using mixed recirculated air have air on coil temperatures as low as 85F, it can be assumed that most buildings on the campus will have a 75F peak return chilled water temperature on a design day. Since peak loads occur on a design day, the temperature rise at design conditions is the factor that we can use in calculating storage tank capacity and distribution flow. If there are somewhat lower return temperatures on cooler days, tank size, chilled water piping and pump size are not affected because the load is also lower. Based on a 40F chilled water supply temperature to the buildings and a maximum 75F chilled water return temperature from the buildings on a peak design day, the plant could be designed to take advantage of a 35F loop Delta-T. However, as this Delta-T is only available for a portion of the design day, and some Delta-T degradation is likely over the life of the plant, the chillers will be selected for a more typical Delta-T of around 25F (return water temp of 65F). To control chiller leaving water temperature, a blend down pump will reduce chiller return water temp when the loop return is warmer than the chiller design return temperature. This pump simply injects 39F chilled water into the chiller return pipe, maintaining the return water design temperature for proper full load operation. To ensure that the TES tank can maintain stratification at lower Delta-T, a Delta-T of 26F (supply at 39F , return at 65F) will be used for selecting the tank.
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2.2.5.5 Summary of Chilled Water Tank Selection
Table 2.3-7. Chilled Water Thermal Storage Tank Parameter TES Tank Height, feet Probable Loss Due to Themocline, feet TES tank Diameter, feet TES tank hours of storage at 2,500 Ton Rate TES Tank thermal storage capacity TES Tank Capacity, gallons TES Tank Delta-T (design) Chiller Delta-T (design) Loop Delta-T (design)
2.2.5.6 Chilled Water Pumping
Value 94 feet, water height 89 feet 4 60 13 30,000 ton-hours 1.9 million (approximate) 26F 26F 35F
All pumps will be located on the lowest level of the building, adjacent to the tunnel and underneath the chillers. This reduces overall piping lengths and the building footprint. There are three types of pumps: Primary pump, blend-down pump and distribution pump. The pair of series chillers will have a set of dedicated primary pumps (one service, one redundant) to maintain water flow though the two chillers. The pumps are controlled by Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) and the chilled water flow rate through the chiller evaporator tubes varies depending on the chilled water return temperature. When the return temperature is 55F, the flow rate is maximized. When the return water is 65F, the flow rate is minimized. This allows the chillers to remain fully loaded under a variety of chilled water return temperatures, to accelerate the charging of the tank. When the two future chillers are added, additional primary pumps will also be installed. A chiller/tank return water blend down pump will maintain the chilled water return temperature setpoint through a temperature sensor and VFD control. This pump will be sized for both the current and future blend down requirements. See a description of operation in the previous section. Loop distribution pumps will be controlled by VFDs to maintain the loop remote pressure setpoint. Two pumps will be installed initially, with space left for a third.
2.2.5.7 Condenser Water System (Cooling Towers)
Cooling towers will be located on the roof of the plant building. The piping will be arranged with large headers so that any tower can serve any chiller. Space will be left for future towers as chillers are added. For Campus 2008 5 modular towers will be installed each with a nominal capacity of 625 Tons. The tower water basins will be connected with a large diameter balance pipe. The towers will be sized for a low approach temperature and condenser water return temperatures will be a maximum of 75F.
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Cooling towers are usually elevated on stands above the condenser pumps to provide the required additional pump inlet pressure. To reduce the overall tower height, the condenser pumps will be located on the chiller level far below the towers. The towers will be slightly elevated to reduce piping congestion on the roof. Much of the piping will be under the towers.
2.2.5.8 Lake Water Condenser Cooling
Lake water will be available for condenser cooling, offering the potential for water and energy savings. The lake water is only available from the canal during the summer months (May through October), but this is the time of the highest cooling demand and the warmest wet bulb design temperature for a conventional cooling tower. If the lake water is used for condensing, conventional cooling towers will still be required when the lake level is low (winter). A cooling tower provides most of its cooling by evaporation of the condenser water. The evaporated water is discharged into the air stream and is therefore lost to the atmosphere. Lake water cools by sensible cooling, and the water is returned to the canal with a slight rise in temperature (less than 1F rise in water temperature leaving the hydro-electric plant). All of the water is still available for irrigation. One ton of electric drive refrigeration produces about 13,700 Btuh of reject heat to the condenser system. Based on 1,000 Btu/lb. of evaporated water, this requires 13.7 lbs. of water. A 5,000 ton chiller plant requires the evaporation of over 8,000 gallons per hour. That water is lost for other uses until it condenses out of the atmosphere as precipitation or dew. Other water must be drained from the tower sumps to bleed to remove the salts that are concentrated by the evaporation process. While that water is still available, the high salt content makes it unsuitable for most uses including irrigation. In a region where water is a relatively scarce commodity the use of lake water should be promoted. Using the lake water will require diversion of some of the water from the canal and a plate and frame heat exchanger. The water could theoretically be circulated directly through the chiller, but that would quickly result in fouling of the condenser tubes by using the lake for heat rejection. Two plate and frame heat exchangers will be required, one for service while the other is cleaned of sludge. Space will be reserved in the service yard for this equipment. The preferred location for taking water from the canal is directly after the discharge from the hydroelectric plant. This is close to the Central Plant and the water has already been screened before going through the hydro-plant. This intake location is lower than the central plant and so water will be pumped from the intake to the plate and frame heat exchangers. The return water can be discharged via the storm water drain that connects the retention pond to the Fairfield Canal. It may be possible to discharge some of the water into the retention pond to fill the pond overnight and allow a gradual drain down through the day. Energy savings are provided by colder condensing temperatures compared to towers, and by reduction in annual cooling tower fan energy.
2.2.5.9 Building Connection Detail
The buildings will connect to the circulation mains through a decoupler bridge. A pressure independent valve capable of closing against at least 60 psi will be located on the building return. The valve will be selected to provide the full building design flow with no more than 5 psi pressure drop. While several control strategies are being investigated, the current design involves controlling the valve with the building return water temperature, which should be no colder than ten degrees below the coil entering air dry bulb temperature. There will be a check valve in the bridge to assure that no flow occurs from the campus supply main to the campus return main without passing through the building. The supply to the building systems will be
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adjusted upward if the return from the building is too low. As long as the minimum building chilled water return temperature is obtained, the bridge valve will be fully open. If this return water from the building drops below the target return, the bridge valve modulates and some of the return water passes back to blend with the campus supply water, raising the building chilled water supply temperature. The pressure independent bridge valve shall be PID controlled based on return water temperature, with the temperature set-point reset based on the coil entering air temperatures. Enough delay shall be designed into the control of the valve to allow a gradual change in temperature compensating for the time required to detect the effect of a change in valve position. A flow measurement station will be installed at each building connection. Flow readings together with supply and return temperatures will be collated by the central energy monitoring system allowing continuous monitoring of cooling energy supplied to each building,
2.2.6 Heating Water
2.2.6.1 General
The heating demands taken directly from the expected Load Chart 2.3-2 are as follows: Expected 2008 demand: 13,000 MBH. Applying plant diversity 11,700 MBH Expected Node 1 peak demand: 33,500 MBH. Applying plant diversity 30,200 MBH Heating water supply and return pipe size based on a 90F Delta-T will be 12 inch diameter near the plant.
2.2.6.2 Description
Gas fired boilers located in the Central Plant will deliver hot water to the core academic buildings. The student residencies and student support buildings will have local boilers. All heating boilers will meet the current emission requirements of the South Coast Air Quality Management District with a maximum emission of 9 ppm. It is expected that this standard will supercede the current San Joaquin Air Quality Management District requirement of 20 ppm. To meet the 2008 loads with redundancy, three boilers will be initially installed with sizes of 14,000 MBH output each. Space will be allocated for a future boiler of equal size to meet the load at the full Node 1 build-out. The total installed capacity will be 56,000 MBH output with redundancy should one boiler fail.
2.2.6.3 Heating Water Distribution Temperatures
Originally, a high temperature (350F) high pressure heating loop was proposed. While water at this temperature can be used to generate the steam required by several laboratory programs, a low temperature system has several advantages: Low temperature systems are safer than high temperature systems, and do not require attended operation, reducing labor costs. Common heating system components such as pump seals, valve materials, and system gaskets are typically designed for low temperature. High temperature systems are less common, work at higher pressures, and use more expensive components. Low temperature systems have less heat loss through insulation materials. Low temperature systems do not require a heat exchanger at each building.
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Low temperature systems may make more complete use of energy from boilers because they are able to cool boiler stack gases to a lower temperature than high temperature systems. Low temperature systems are more flexible in working with energy sources such as fuel cells, internal combustion cogeneration, steam back pressure turbines on combined cycle gas turbine cogeneration, or even campus internal energy source heat pumps.
Steam systems were ruled out prior to the start of design for many of the same reasons as high temperature hot water, as well as the following reasons: Steam systems have high year around losses due to evaporation from condensate return tanks, and losses through steam traps. Water heating systems are more flexible with respect to sloping, do not require drip traps at each rise, and are easier to warm up than steam systems.
For these reasons, a heating loop with a 210F supply temperature and 120F return temperature will be used. The large Delta-T of 90F reduces pumping and distribution costs. The 210F supply can be used to preheat lab equipment such as tunnel washers and dishwashers without the losses associated with steam systems, nor the expense of electric heaters. The low return temperature is especially suitable for engine cogen and fuel cells. Return water from large building heating coils can be 120F or lower depending on the entering air temperature, coils rows, circuiting and velocity in the tubes. Typically reheat coils are designed for a much smaller Delta-T. A building system may involve blending the reheat coil supply from the 210F loop temp to 160F, with a return from the reheat coils at 140F. The building controls will be set so that the loop will not accept the overall building return water above 120F. This will result in a design Delta-T of at least 90F at design conditions. While it is possible to reset the supply heating water downward at part load, this would increase the heating water flow. There is little energy gain in the production and delivery of heating water by resetting the temperature. As the circulation energy required with a variable flow pump is related to the flow and head, there is more energy to be gained by maintaining a high Delta-T than in resetting the heating water temperature. Also water at a temperature of 200210F is required for some of the laboratory equipment year round. Because of the high mass of water in the heating water circulation systems, very low temperatures can occur in the boilers for long periods of time during warm up. Hot water boilers must be selected to withstand internal condensation and shocking of the boiler tubes or heat exchanger. Low return temperatures also can cause excessive soot formation. Although in practice the laboratories and parts of the library will be maintained at 65F throughout the winter. This means that true cold-start conditions will rarely be encountered.
2.2.6.4 Heating Hot Water Pumping
Unlike chillers, boilers can easily operate at a wide range of flow rates. Often a boiler plant will have only primary pumps to provide both boiler and distribution loop flow. Due to the likely introduction of alternate heating sources to the loop, including cogeneration or heat recovery, a primary/secondary pumping arrangement at the boiler plant is proposed. This hydraulically isolates the boiler loop from the distribution loop, allowing future heating sources to meet some, or all, of the campus load with fewer hydraulic complications. The primary/secondary arrangement also allows blend-up of the boiler return temperature as required for proper boiler operation.
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Each boiler will be equipped with its own constant volume primary pump. The loop distribution pumps will be controlled with variable frequency drives to maintain the minimum loop pressure set-point.
2.2.6.5 Building Connection Detail
The connection will be similar to the chilled water detail. The building valve will be controlled to maintain a maximum loop return temp of 120F.
2.2.7 Steam Plant
2.2.7.1 General
With diversity, the estimated peak load is 5,000 lbs/hr (sum of equipment average steam requirements). The load for the future lab building is unknown at this time.
2.2.7.2 Description
As the heating plant is operating at low temperature, a separate steam plant is located within the Central Plant to meet the process steam requirements of the adjacent lab facilities. If we were to use "California Special" to meet the peak requirements of the first Science Lab building, then over 15 boilers would be required. This is impractical, so instead two 5,700 lbs/hr steam boilers will be installed in the Central Plant. A boiler feed unit will preheat incoming feed water using condensate return and boiler steam. Due to the high percentage of steam lost to the sterilization processes, a large percentage of feed water will be required, accelerating corrosion due to dissolved oxygen. Chemical treatment and piping material selection will address this issue. The main steam line will be 6-inches, and will extend only to the Sciences Lab building. The condensate return will be 3-inches. This is large enough to serve the current and future loads, but too small to allow misuse as a large scale heating system.
2.2.8 Other Central Plant Utilities
Due to the adjacency of the first plant node to the science buildings, certain utilities funded by the Science Building budget can be located in the Central Plant. These could include a central nitrogen storage tank if this is required in the future. Currently this is not required. The laboratory air compressor will be located in the basement of the Science and Engineering Building. The laboratory emergency generator capacity is combined with the Central Plant emergency power demand. Two generator sets are located in the service yard (see electrical section for more detailed description).
2.2.8.1 Cogeneration
The UCM energy group report and the Detail Project Program for the Infrastructure outlined potential scenarios for on-site cogeneration. The UC Merced Energy Group has investigated alternate generation systems and details of their findings are in the UC Merced Energy Planning Module II - Energy Infrastructure Scenarios 01/08/01. Cogeneration will not be installed in this phase of construction. As the campus expands, the suitability of cogen should be re-evaluated. Space has been left for cogen adjacent to the central plant.
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2.2.8.2 Photovoltaic Power Generation
The use of photovoltaics was evaluated during previous design stages. None will be installed as part of this project, but their use should be re-evaluated as the campus expands.
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2.3
Electrical (Arup)
2.3.1 Incoming Power
Two services will be obtained from a utility company and the feeders connect to two redundant main switchgear, each rated for 2000A at 12.47KV. Each switchgear will consist of a utility metering section and 15KV rated vacuum breakers, one at 2000A for the main and one for each feeder. Additional incoming lines from the hydro plant and future cogen plants will also connect to individual vacuum breakers. Tie breakers in each switchgear and a tie busway between will allow interconnection in order to overcome a failure of a component of the system. Feeder cables will go out from the switchgear to feed the various parts of the campus, the ultimate build-out requiring 9 feeders from each switchgear. The initial phase will require one set of feeders for the campus area and one set for the Central Plant itself. Power for the Central Plant equipment will be supplied by pad mounted transformers connected to two redundant feeders from the main switchgear. The initial phase will require two transformers, each rated at 2000KVA, and space is being left to add two more as the Central Plant grows. Exact sizing of the equipment will be refined as the design progresses. Each transformer will feed a switchboard, rated for 3000A at 277/480V, located with an electrical room in the Central Plant. The switchboards will have individually mounted circuit breakers in a drawout configuration, a power breaker for the main and insulated case breakers for the feeders. The trip unit of each low voltage circuit breaker in the switchboard will have energy monitoring capability, which will report to the campus Energy Management System.
2.3.2 Normal Power Distribution
Power will be distributed at 480V to most central plant equipment, including chillers, cooling towers and pumps. Lighting will be fed at 277V. Miscellaneous outlets and small equipment will be fed at 120V or 208V. Chillers and large pumps will be fed directly from the switchboards. Panelboards located in the main electrical room will feed smaller equipment.
2.3.3 Emergency Power
Two diesel engine generators in weatherproof, acoustic enclosures will be located in the yard. They will be connected to a paralleling switchgear, which in turn will feed automatic transfer switches to serve as backup to the most critical loads in the Central Plant. At this time, the campus data center, chilled water distribution pumps, HVAC controls, fire alarm and security systems will be backed up by the generator. Additionally, the data center equipment will have small Uninterruptible Power Supply units built into the racks, so no central UPS is required. The generators will also serve to provide backup power to the nearby Science and Engineering Building. An alternate option of generating at 12KV and having the generators tie into the main campus feeders will be investigated.
2.3.4 Fire Alarm
A central station fire alarm system will monitor the various individual systems on campus and report to a central agency (to be determined).
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Locally, the Central Plant will have smoke detectors in the main electrical room, pull stations at the exits, and horn/strobes throughout for alarm. The fire alarm system will also monitor the fire sprinkler system.
2.3.5 Lighting
Lighting will be utilitarian, mainly industrial fluorescent fixtures to minimize energy use. Exterior fixtures may be decorative to accent the architecture.
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2.4
Plumbing (Arup)
2.4.1 Codes and Standards
The plumbing systems will be designed in accordance with the following codes and standards, latest edition as adopted by UC Davis: California Plumbing Code (CPC). National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), latest approved edition. State Plumbing Code, Title 24, Part 5 of the California Administrative Code, latest revision. UC Davis Facility Design Standards, latest edition.
2.4.2 General
Piped services will be distributed horizontally in an rack. Isolation valves will be located on pipe branches, to allow for the repair or retrofit individual sections or floors without requiring the shutdown of the entire plant
2.4.3 Water Supply
2.4.3.1 General and Service Entrance
Domestic water will be designed to serve plumbing fixtures. Industrial water will be provided for mechanical chiller and boiler equipment. The building water main will be complete with meter and connection to the nearest campus water utility main. A pressure reducing assembly will be provided if required to limit water pressure at the building to 75 psig. The minimum pressure at the farthest faucet shall be 35 psig. Domestic and industrial water pipe material will be type L copper above grade, type K copper underground.
2.4.3.2 Domestic Cold Water
Domestic cold water will be connected to all plumbing fixtures and emergency safety equipment.
2.4.3.3 Industrial Cold Water
Industrial cold water will be connected to the domestic water system through a pair of approved reduced pressure type backflow preventers. The industrial water systems will be connected to HVAC equipment requiring makeup water. Industrial water will be softened before connection to boiler equipment.
2.4.3.4 Domestic Hot Water
A single gas fired water heater will provide domestic hot water at 120F for showers and restroom facilities. The system will be provided with a pumped circulation system.
2.4.4 Compressed Air
Compressed air will be delivered to the building at 100 psig with pressure reducing valves for adjustment to necessary pressure for building control valves or pressure operated tools. Compressed air will be instrument grade with filters to remove hydrocarbons and particles and dried to a pressure dew point of 35 F. The system will include a fully redundant duplex oilfree, contamination free air compressor, filtration system, air dryer and controls. A single
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control panel will control and monitor both compressed air streams. Piping materials will be type L copper.
2.4.5 Natural Gas
The campus natural gas system will be extended to service the central plant. The pressure will be provided at 12 psig for the boilers and reduced to 7 wc for the building water heater. An automatic main shut off valve will be located outside the building and connected to the BMS. The service will be metered. Piping will be welded or threaded Schedule 40 black steel.
2.4.6 Sanitary Waste and Vent
A complete sanitary waste and vent system will be provided throughout the building, in accordance with the Uniform Plumbing Code. A gravity system will be provided Piping material will be service weight no hub cast iron.
2.4.7 Storm Drainage
A gravity storm drainage system complete with roof and overflow drains will tie into the site storm drain system. Piping material will be service weight no-hub cast iron.
2.4.8 Fire Protection
A fire main will be connected to the Campus domestic main. A detector check/double check valve assembly, post indicating valve and fire department fire hose connection(s) will be installed outside the building. The building will be protected by a hydraulically calculated automatic wet sprinkler system based on an ordinary hazard occupancy, with a sprinkler zone having its own alarmed sprinkler control valve, flow switch and drain valve. The main electrical room shall have a cross zoned single interlock pre-action sprinkler system. The telecommunications building shall have an FM-200 system for the main equipment room. The entire building will have a cross zoned single interlock pre-action sprinkler system. The fire sprinkler systems provided are subject to the State Fire Marshals and the University Environmental and Health Safety Departments approvals.
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2.5
Architecture (SOM)
2.5.1 General
The Central Plant Building has a gross area of approximately 41,260 sq. ft. on three functional levels. The Lower Level is partially below grade where it connects directly to the utility tunnel at its west side, and its east side is accessible by a service yard at grade. The thermal energy storage (TES) tank is located immediately adjacent to the southwest side of the building and is connected to the pump room. Water pumps, electrical equipment, control room, shops, and offices are located on the lower level, together with a storage area around the base of the TES tank. Including the tank base, the storage area, and the area within the building itself, the total area of the Lower Level is 15,530 sq. ft. The Upper Level is separately accessible from E Street at grade level on its northwest side where the main upper level entrance is located. Chillers and boilers are located on this level, which is 10,600 sq. ft. in area. Cooling towers are located on the third level, or Roof Level, which also has an area of 11,080 sq. ft. The lower level will be constructed of reinforced concrete that will support the steel structure of the second and third levels. Corrugated, perforated stainless steel panels will clad the upper portion of the building, including a full-height parapet to screen the cooling towers from view. The TES tank will be clad in formed stainless steel shingles. A 4,050-sq. ft. Telecom Building is also located in the services yard as are generators and transformers. Area is preserved on the site for expansion of the Telecomm Building to the southwest and for addition of a co-generation facility northeast of the Central Plant Building.
2.5.2 Applicable Codes
California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 24:
PART 2 1998 California Building Code: Part 2, Volume 1: This volume is a modified version of the 1997 Uniform Building Code, Volume 1. Part 2, Volume 2: contains provisions for structural engineering design. This volume is a modified version of the 1997 Uniform Building Code, Volume 2. PART 3 - 1998 California Electrical Code: This volume is a modified version of the 1996 edition of the National Electrical Code of the National Fire Protection Association. PART 4 - 1998 California Mechanical Code: This code is a modified version of the 1997 edition of the Uniform Mechanical Code of the International Conference of Building Officials. PART 5 - 1998 California Plumbing Code: This code is a modified version of the 1997 edition of the Uniform Plumbing Code of the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials. PART 6 - 1998 California Energy Code: The 1998 edition of the California Energy Code contains energy conservation standards. PART 9 - 1998 California Fire Code: This code is a modified version of the 1997 edition of the Uniform Fire Code of the International Conference of Building Officials and the Western Fire Chiefs Association.
2.4.2.1 California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 8
Chapter 3: CAL/OSHA
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Chapter 4: Industrial Relations

2.4.2.2 Other Relevant Regulations
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 City of Merced, Municipal Code

2.5.3 Occupancy Classification
The occupancy of a Central Plant Building is not clear from the Code, but is most similar to that of a Factory or Industrial Facility dealing with non-combustible products (Group F-2 Occupancy). The Communications Building, on the other hand, is clearly identified as a Group B Occupancy. SECTION 301 - OCCUPANCY CLASSIFIED Every building, whether existing or hereafter erected, shall be classified by the building official according to its use or the character of its occupancy, as set forth in Table 3-A, as a building of one of the following occupancy groups: Group A-Assembly (see Section 303.1.1) Group B-Business (see Section 304.1) Group C-Organized Camp (See Section 431A) Group E-Educational (see Section 305.1) Group F-Factory and Industrial (see Section 306.1) Group H-Hazardous (see Section 307.1) Group I-Institutional (see Section 308.1) Group M-Mercantile (see Section 309.1) Group R-Residential (see Section 310.1) Group S-Storage (see Section 311.1) Group U-Utility (see Section 312.1) Any occupancy not mentioned specifically or about which there is any question shall be classified by the building official and included in the group that its use most nearly resembles, based on the existing or proposed fire and life hazard SECTION 304 - REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP B OCCUPANCIES 304.1 Group B Occupancies Defined: Group B Occupancies shall include buildings, structures, or portions thereof, for office, professional or service-type transactions, which are not classified as Group H Occupancies. Such occupancies include occupancies for the storage of records and accounts, and eating and drinking establishments with an occupant load of less than 50. Business occupancies shall include, but not be limited to, the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Animal hospitals, kennels, pounds. Automobile and other motor vehicle showrooms. Banks. Barber shops. Beauty shops. Car washes. Civic administration. Outpatient clinic and medical offices (where five or less patients in a tenant space are incapable of unassisted self- preservation).
Page 24 Ove Arup & Partners California Ltd Draft May 15, 2003
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
Dry cleaning pick-up and delivery stations and self-service. Educational occupancies above the 12th grade. Electronic data processing. Fire stations. Florists and nurseries. Laboratories-testing and research. Laundry pick-up and delivery stations and self-service. Police stations. Post offices. Print shops. Professional services such as attorney, dentist, physician, engineer. Radio and television stations. Telephone exchanges.
SECTION 306 - REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP F OCCUPANCIES 306.1 Group F Occupancies Defined: Group F Occupancies shall include the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for assembling, disassembling, fabricating, finishing, manufacturing, packaging, repair or processing operations that are not classified as Group H Occupancies. Factory and industrial occupancies shall include the following: Division 2: Low-hazard factory and industrial occupancies shall include facilities producing noncombustible or nonexplosive materials which, during finishing, packing or processing, do not involve a significant fire hazard, including, but not limited to, the following: 1. Nonalcoholic beverages. 2. Brick and masonry. 3. Ceramic products. 4. Foundries. 5. Glass products. 6. Gypsum. 7. Steel products-fabrication and assembly.
2.5.4 Type of Construction
Because these are not large buildings and their occupancies are relatively low hazard, the code does not require a high level of fire resistance. However, due to reliability, expandability, and maintainability, the buildings will be built of inherently fire resistive construction and equipped with an automatic sprinkler system. The buildings have yards on at least three sides exceeding twenty feet. Based on the area and height (in stories) of each of the buildings, each of the buildings is required to be of only Type VN construction, yet because we have unprotected steel roof framing, the buildings will be required to be Type II-N SECTION 504 - ALLOWABLE FLOOR AREAS 504.1 One-story Areas: The area of a one-story building shall not exceed the limits set forth in Table 5-B, except as provided in Section 505. 504.2 Areas of Buildings over One Story: The total combined floor area for multistory buildings may be twice that permitted by Table 5-B for one-story buildings, and the floor area of any single story shall not exceed that permitted for a one-story building. 505.3 Automatic Sprinkler Systems: The areas specified in Table 5-B (see 1998 California Building Code) and Section 504.2 may be tripled in one-story buildings and doubled in
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buildings of more than one story if the building is provided with an approved automatic sprinkler system throughout. The area increases permitted in this section may be compounded with that specified in Section 505.1.1, 505.1.2 or 505.1.3. The Central Plant Building is 13,826 SF on the lower level, expandable to 17,600 SF with a future addition. F-2 Occupancy allows 12,000 SF x 2 = 24,000 SF on each of two floors with an automatic sprinkler system, without counting the side-yard increases, for Type VN. Likewise the Communications Building is 4000 SF expandable to 8000 SF. B Occupancy allows 6,000 SF x 3 = 18,000 SF on one floor with an automatic sprinkler system, without counting the side-yard increases for Type VN. However, Type V buildings appear not to allow roofs of unprotected steel less than 25 ft. above the floor, so it appears that the buildings may have to be Type II-N in order to use unprotected steel. SECTION 603 - TYPE II BUILDINGS 603.1 Definition: The structural elements in Type II-F.R. buildings shall be of steel, iron, concrete or masonry. The structural elements of Type II One-hour or Type II-N buildings shall be of noncombustible materials. Floor construction of Type II One-hour and Type II-N buildings shall be of noncombustible material, provided, however, that a wood surface or finish may be applied over such noncombustible material. Walls and permanent partitions of Type IIF.R. buildings shall be of noncombustible fire-resistive construction, except that permanent nonbearing partitions of one-hour or two-hour fire- resistive construction, which are not part of a shaft enclosure, may have fire-retardant-treated wood (see Section 207) within the assembly. Type II One-hour buildings shall be of noncombustible construction and one-hour fire resistive throughout, except that permanent nonbearing partitions may use fire-retardant-treated wood (see Section 207) within the assembly, provided fire-resistive requirements are maintained. Walls and permanent partitions of Type II-N buildings shall be of noncombustible materials. Materials of construction and fire-resistive requirements shall be as specified in Section 601. 603.5 Roofs: Roofs shall be of noncombustible construction, except that in Type II-F.R. and Type II One-hour buildings, roofs may be as specified in Section 602.5. SECTION 606 - TYPE V BUILDINGS 606.1 Definition: Type V buildings may be of any materials allowed by this code. Type V Onehour buildings shall be of one-hour fire-resistive construction throughout. Materials of construction and fire-resistive requirements shall be as specified in Section 601. 606.5 Roofs: Roof coverings shall be as specified in Chapter 15. Except in retail sales and storage areas classified as Group M or S, Division 1 Occupancies and in Group H Occupancies, roofs and their members other than the structural frame may be of unprotected noncombustible materials when every part of the roof framing, including the structural frame, is 25 feet (7620 mm) or more above the floor, balcony or gallery immediately below.
2.5.5 Location on Property
The site for the Central Plant and Communications Buildings is bounded on three sides by dedicated rights of way, assumed to be the equivalent of public ways. The court between the
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two buildings exceeds the width required by Table 5-A for protected openings to an assumed property line between them (10 ft. + 10 ft. = 20 ft. for Type II-N). SECTION 503 - LOCATION ON PROPERTY 503.1 General: Buildings shall adjoin or have access to a public way or yard on not less than one side. Required yards shall be permanently maintained. For the purpose of this section, the centerline of an adjoining public way shall be considered an adjacent property line. 503.3 Buildings on Same Property and Buildings Containing Courts. For the purposes of determining the required wall and opening protection and roof-covering requirements, buildings on the same property and court walls of buildings over one story in height shall be assumed to have a property line between them. The south wall of the Communications building abuts a developable parcel, but will be protected, allowing the future development to abut the building without restriction of openings. Sites for future expansion of each building are indicated on the drawings. It is intended that the future expansion would be an enlargement of each of the buildings, rather than separate buildings.
2.5.6 Exiting
The Communications Building is a single story building, and the Central Plant is a two story building, where the upper floor is the first story. The table on the following page shows the exiting requirements for the two buildings and below are applicable building code sections.
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Occupancy Load/Exit Calculations Central Plant and Communications Building

Use Type Room Name Room Area 706 436 700 194 3,933 1,757 1,968 198 154 10-A Use No. 20 23 23 23 21 26 21 21 21 Occup. Factor 200 100 100 100 300 300 300 300 300 No. of Occup. 3.5 4.4 7.0 1.9 13.1 5.9 6.6 0.7 0.5 2 Exits Req'd 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 no no no no no no no no no Horiz. Width (in.) 0.07 0.09 0.14 0.04 0.26 0.12 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.87 Stair Width (in.) 0.11 0.13 0.21 0.06 0.39 0.18 0.20 0.02 0.02 1.31
Central Plant Lower Level Occupied Shop Areas Control Room Offices Break Room Water Pumps Storage Switchgear Emergency Switchgear Batteries Total Lower Level Exit Width Accessory Uses** Showers/Lockers Womens Mens Stair A Central Plant Upper Level Occupied Chiller Room Areas Boiler Room Total Upper Level Exit Width Communications Building Occupied Telecom Offices Areas Telecom Total Exit Width
157 180 180 164
6,291 3697
21 21
300 300
21.0 12.3
30 Yes* 30 Yes*
0.42 0.25 0.67
0.63 0.37 1.00
1322 2757
23 21
100 300
13.2 9.2
30 30
no no
0.26 0.18 1.36
*Two exits are required for the Boiler Room and Chiller Room per CBC Section 1007.7 ** Accessory Uses do not contribute to Occupancy Load
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SECTION 220 - S [For HCD 1 & 2, DSA/AC] STORY is that portion of a building included between the upper surface of any floor and the upper surface of the floor next above, except that the topmost story shall be that portion of a building included between the upper surface of the topmost floor and the ceiling or roof above. If the finished floor level directly above a usable or unused underfloor space is more than 6 feet (1829 mm) above grade, as defined herein, for more than 50 percent of the total perimeter or is more than 12 feet (3658 mm) above grade, as defined herein, at any point, such usable or unused under-floor space shall be considered as a story. [For HCD 1 & 2] STORY, FIRST, is the lowest story in a building that qualifies as a story, as defined herein, except that a floor level in a building having only one floor level shall be classified as a first story, provided such floor level is not more than 4 feet (1219 mm) below grade, as defined herein, for more than 50 percent of the total perimeter, or not more than 8 feet (2438 mm) below grade, as defined herein, at any point. Because of the relatively low occupancy of the building, many of the exit related requirements are reduced. 1003.3.3 Stairways 1003.3.3.1 General: Every stairway having two or more risers serving any building or portion thereof shall comply with the requirements of Section 1003.3.3. For the purposes of Section 1003.3.3, the term "stairway" shall include stairs, landings, handrails and guardrails as applicable. Where aisles in assembly rooms have steps, they shall comply with the requirements in Section 1004.3.2. EXCEPTION: Stairs or ladders used only to attend equipment or window wells are exempt from the requirements of this section. For the purpose of this chapter, the term "step" shall mean those portions of the means of egress achieving a change in elevation by means of a single riser. Individual steps shall comply with the detailed requirements of this chapter that specify applicability to steps. 1003.3.3.2 Width: The width of stairways shall be determined as specified in Section 1003.2.3, but such width shall not be less than 44 inches (1118 mm), except as specified herein and in Chapter 11. Stairways serving an occupant load less than 50 shall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm) in width. Handrails may project into the required width a distance of 31/2 inches (89 mm) from each side of a stairway. Stringers and other projections such as trim and similar decorative features may project into the required width 1l/2 inches (38 mm) from each side. 1003.3.3.3 Rise and Run: The rise of steps and stairs shall not be less than 4 inches (102 mm) nor more than 7 inches (178 mm). The greatest riser height within any flight of stairs shall not exceed the smallest by more than 3/8 inch (9.5 mm). Except as permitted in Sections 1003.3.3.8.1, 1003.3.3.8.2 and 1003.3.3.8.3, the run shall not be less than 11 inches (279 mm) as measured horizontally between the vertical planes of the furthermost projection of adjacent treads or nosings. Stair treads shall be of uniform size and shape, except the largest tread run within any flight of stairs shall not exceed the smallest by more than 3/8 inch (9.5 mm). EXCEPTIONS: 1. Private steps and stairways serving an occupant load of less than 10 and stairways to unoccupied roofs may be constructed with an 8-inch-maximum (203 mm) rise and a 9-inch- minimum (229 mm) run.
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1003.3.3.10 Protection of Exterior Wall Openings: All openings in the exterior wall below and within 10 feet (3048 mm), measured horizontally, of openings in an interior exit stairway serving a building over two stories in height or a floor level having such openings in two or more floors below, shall be protected by fixed or self-closing fire assemblies having a threefourths-hour fire- protection rating. See Section 1006.3.3.1. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Group R, Division 3 Occupancies. 2. Protection of exterior wall openings is not required where the exterior openings in the interior stairway are protected by fixed or selfclosing fire assemblies having a three-fourths-hour fire-protection rating. The buildings are designed using Hallways and travel through intervening rooms rather than corridors for access to exits. 1004.2.2 Travel through Intervening Rooms: The required access to exits from any portion of a building shall be directly from the space under consideration to an exit or to a corridor that provides direct access to an exit. Exit access shall not be interrupted by intervening rooms. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Access to exits may occur through foyers, lobbies and reception rooms. 2. Where access to only one exit is required from a space under consideration, exit access may occur through an adjoining or intervening room, which in turn provides direct access to an exit or to a corridor that provides direct access to an exit. 3. Rooms with a cumulative occupant load of less than 10 may access exits through more than one intervening room. 4. Where access to more than one exit is required from a space under consideration, such spaces may access one required exit through an adjoining or intervening room, which in turn provides direct access to an exit or to a corridor that provides direct access to an exit. All other required access to exits shall be directly from the space under consideration to an exit or to a corridor that provides direct access to an exit. 5. In a one- or two-story building classified as a Group F, Group S or Group H, Division 5 Occupancy, offices and similar administrative areas may have access to two required exits through an adjoining or intervening room, which in turn provides direct access to an exit or to a corridor that provides direct access to an exit, if the building is equipped with an automatic sprinkler system throughout and is provided with smoke and heat ventilation as specified in Section 906. Such areas shall not exceed 25 percent of the floor area of the major use. Hallways shall be considered as intervening rooms. 1004.2.3.3 From Individual Spaces: All occupied portions of the building shall have access to not less than one exit or exit-access doorway. Access to not less than two exits, exit-access doorways or combination thereof shall be provided when the individual or cumulative occupant load served by a portion of the exit access is equal to, or greater than, that listed in Table 10-A of the 1998 California Building Code. 1004.2.4 Separation of Exits or Exit-Access Doorways: Where two or more exits or exit-access doorways are required from any level or portion of the building, at least two of the exits or exitaccess doorways shall be placed a distance apart equal to not less than one half of the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the area served measured in a straight line between the center of such exits or exit-access doorways. Additional exits or exit-access doorways shall be arranged a reasonable distance apart so that if one becomes blocked, the others will be available. 1004.3.3.1 General: Hallways serving as a portion of the exit access in the means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of Section 1004.3.3. Hallways may be used as an
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exit-access component unless specifically prohibited based on requirements specified elsewhere in this chapter. For exit-access design purposes, hallways shall be considered as intervening rooms. 1004.3.3.2 Width: The width of hallways shall be determined as specified in Section 1003.2.3, but such width shall not be less than 44 inches (1118 mm), except as specified herein. Hallways serving an occupant load of less than 50 shall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm) in width. 1004.3.3.3 Construction: Hallways are not required to be of fire- resistive construction unless a building element of the hallway is required to be of fire-resistive construction by some other provision of this code. Hallways in buildings of Types I or II construction shall be of noncombustible construction, except where combustible materials are permitted in applicable building elements by other provisions of this code. The stairway provided requires no exit enclosure. 1005.3.3 Exit Enclosures 1005.3.3.1 General: Exit enclosures serving as an exit in a means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of Section 1005.3.3. Exit enclosures shall not be used for any purpose other than as a means of egress. Interior stairways, ramps or escalators shall be enclosed as specified in this section. EXCEPTIONS: 1. In other than Groups H and I Occupancies, an exit enclosure need not be provided for a stairway, ramp or escalator serving only one adjacent floor. The utility tunnel is separated from the Central Plant by a 2hr occupancy separation wall and 90 min. doors to provide a horizontal exit from the tunnel (it is not used by the Central Plant). The tunnel is provided with separate stairway access. 005.3.5 Horizontal Exits 1005.3.5.1 General: Horizontal exits serving as an exit in a means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of Section 1005.3.5. A horizontal exit is a wall that completely divides a floor of a building into two or more separate exit-access areas to afford safety from fire and smoke in the exit-access area of incident origin. It is permissible for a horizontal exit to serve as an exit for each adjacent exit-access area (e.g., a two-way exit), providing that the exit-access design requirements for each exit-access area are independently satisfied. A horizontal exit shall not serve as the only exit from the exit access. Where two or more exits are required from the exit access, not more than one half of the total number of exits or total exit width may be provided by horizontal exits. 1005.3.5.2 Construction: The wall containing a horizontal exit shall be constructed as required for an occupancy separation having a fire-resistive rating of not less than two hours. 1007.7 Special Hazards 1007.7.1 Rooms Containing Fuel-fired Equipment: All rooms containing a boiler, furnace, incinerator or other fuel-fired equipment shall be provided with access to two exits or exitQ:\32080\4_PROJECT_DATA\4-05 REPORTS\100% BASIS OF DESIGN\MASTERDOC\100%MASTERREPORT.DOC
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access doors when both of the following conditions exist: l. The area of the room exceeds 500 square feet (46.45 m2), and 2. The largest piece of fuel-fired equipment exceeds 400,000 Btu per hour (117 228 W) input capacity. EXCEPTIONS: 1. In Group R, Division 3 Occupancies. 2. If access to two exits or exit-access doors are required, one such access may be by a fixed ladder The Boiler Room exits to an exit stair and to a fixed ladder that extends to grade. 1007.7.2 Refrigeration Machinery Rooms 1007.7.2.1 Access to Exits: Machinery rooms larger than 1,000 square feet (92.9 m2) shall have access to not less than two exits as required in Section 1007.7.1. The Chiller Room exits to an exit stair and directly to an exit discharge. 1007.7.2.2 Travel Distance: Travel distance shall be determined as specified in Section 1004.2.5, but all portions of machinery rooms shall be within 150 feet (45 720 mm) of an exit or exit- access doorway. Travel distance may be increased in accordance with Section 1004.2.5. 1007.7.2.3 Doors: Doors shall swing in the direction of exit travel, regardless of the occupant load served. Doors shall be tightfitting and self-closing.
2.5.7 Accessibility
There are two references in Chapter 11B that appear applicable (1103B.1 and 1105B.3.4). These indicate that only the office related areas and related sanitary facilities of the Central Plant and Communications Buildings must be accessible. Each of the two main floors of the Central Plant are accessible separately from a public way but are not connected by an elevator or ramp, as the second level is entirely devoted to machinery space. SECTION 1103B - BUILDING ACCESSIBILITY 1103B.1 General: Accessibility to buildings or portions of buildings shall be provided for all occupancy classifications except as modified or enhanced by this chapter. Occupancy requirements in this chapter may modify general requirements, but never to the exclusion of them. Multistory buildings must provide access by ramp or elevator. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Floors or portions of floors not customarily occupied, including, but not limited to, nonoccupiable or employee spaces accessed only by ladders, catwalks, crawl spaces, very narrow passageways or freight (nonpasssenger) elevators, and frequented only by service personnel for repair or maintenance purposes: such spaces as elevator pits and elevator penthouses, piping and equipment catwalks and machinery rooms. Stair stripping shall be required on stairs. 1105B.3.4 Public utility facilities. Areas to be made accessible include the following: 1. Office areas, meeting rooms and similar areas together with related toilet rooms shall be made accessible. 2. Public tour areas, to the extent that such public tours are conducted through or about a facility, or where the public is permitted to walk in such areas, shall provide accessibility in those portions of the facility and grounds where this occurs.
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EXCEPTIONS: 1. Facilities located in operational areas which would not have any reasonable availability to or usage by persons who use wheelchairs for mobility are not subject to the wheelchair accessibility requirements of these regulations. 2. When the enforcing agency determines that compliance with this subsection would create an unreasonable hardship, an exception to such provision shall be granted when equivalent facilitation is provided. 3. Visitor overlook facilities, orientation areas and similar public-use areas, and any sanitary facilities that serve these facilities shall be made accessible. 4. Where public parking is provided, spaces shall be provided for persons with disabilities as specified in Sections 1129B and 1130B. 1105B.3.5 Police Department, Law Enforcement, Fire Department Facilities and Courtrooms: Areas to be made accessible include the following: Office areas, conference rooms, classrooms, dispatch rooms and similar areas, along with related sanitary facilities, shall be made accessible. SECTION 1107B - FACTORIES AND WAREHOUSES Factories and warehouses shall conform to the provisions of this section, Section 1103B.1 and Section 1103B.1, Exception 2, for multistory buildings. 1107B.1 Factories 1. Major or principal floor areas shall be made accessible. 2. Office areas shall be made accessible. 3. Sanitary facilities serving these areas shall be made accessible. SECTION 1115B - BATHING AND TOILET FACILITIES 1115B.1 General: Sanitary facilities that serve buildings, facilities or portions of buildings or facilities that are required by these standards to be accessible to persons with disabilities, shall conform to the following requirements, except as specifically exempted in other portions of this code. SECTION 1127B - EXTERIOR ROUTES OF TRAVEL 1127B.1 General: Site development and grading shall be designed to provide access to all entrances and exterior ground- floor exits, and access to normal paths of travel, and where necessary to provide access, shall incorporate pedestrian ramps, curb ramps, etc. When more than one building or facility is located on a site, accessible routes of travel shall be provided between buildings and accessible site facilities. The accessible route of travel shall be the most practical direct route between accessible building entrances, accessible site facilities and the accessible entrance to the site. EXCEPTIONS: 1. Where the enforcing agency determines that compliance with these regulations would create an unreasonable hardship because of topography, natural barriers, etc., an exception may be granted when equivalent facilitation is provided through the use of other methods and materials. SECTION 1129B - ACCESSIBLE PARKING REQUIRED 1129B.1 General: Each lot or parking structure where parking is provided for the public as clients, guests or employees, shall provide accessible parking as required by this section. Accessible parking spaces serving a particular building shall be located on the shortest
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accessible route of travel from adjacent parking to an accessible entrance. In parking facilities that do not serve a particular building, accessible parking shall be located on the shortest accessible route of travel to an accessible pedestrian entrance of the parking facility. 1133B.1.1 Entrances. 1133B.1.1.1 Entrances and exterior ground floor exit doors. 1133B.1.1.1.1 All entrances and exterior ground-floor exit doors to buildings and facilities shall be made accessible to persons with disabilities.
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2.6
Structural (SOM)
2.6.1 General
The Central Plant and Telecommunications Facility is located on a block parcel on the new UC Merced Campus. The purpose of the facility is to accommodate services for the first phases of new building components on the new campus. The facility is to be adjacent and connected to below grade service tunnel accessing the rest of the new campus infrastructure. The facility incorporates a Central Plant Building, Telecommunications Building, a large Thermal Exchange Storage (TES) tank and a service yard with various freestanding service equipment. The facility buildings are located on a parcel approximately 325 feet by 100 feet. Perimeter cast-in-place reinforced concrete 8 thick walls (10 ft high) and gates enclose the facility grounds.
2.5.1.1 Central Plant Building
The superstructure construction of the Central Plant Building consists of a two-story steel framed superstructure and roof level with mounted equipment and surrounding steel framed wind screen. The TES tank sits directly adjacent to the Central Plant Building with areas open to each other at Lower and Upper Levels. The structures are approximately 74 foot wide by 250 feet long. The Level 1 base structure is 15 feet high including an 16 thick reinforced concrete retaining along one side adjoining the connecting tunnels to the main service tunnel. At Level 1, remaining walls with architectural openings are also cast-in-place reinforced concrete 12 thick. Story 2 is 18 feet high with a 28-foot high windscreen with a total height of 61 feet. The steel framed superstructure columns extend to foundation level footings. The Level 2 and roof level is framed in steel composite beams and metal decking. At Level 2, an additional normal weight concrete fill of 4-1/2 over 3 metal deck, and, at the roof level 4-1/2 concrete fill is provided over 3 metal deck with steel sloped to roof drains. The windscreen consists of WF columns cantilevered and laterally braced at perimeter column line locations with in-plane diagonal bracing. The lateral steel frame consists of a ductile eccentric braced frame at perimeter wall locations in the longitudinal and transverse directions with additional transverse bay locations.
2.5.1.2 Telecommunications Building
The Telecommunications Building consists of a one-story structure of approximately 4,000 square feet at Level 1 on grade. Perimeter reinforced concrete shear walls with architectural openings resist both gravity and lateral loads. The roof structure is framed with steel composite metal deck framing with 2 metal deck plus 2-1/2 lightweight concrete fill.
2.5.1.3 Foundations
The foundation system will consist of conventional cast-in-place reinforced concrete wall and column footings with an 8 slab-on-grade construction. Additional grade beams will interconnect footings as shown. It is likely that a protective waterproofing membrane will be required for the foundation below the slab-on-grade. Foundations for the TES tank will be designed and provided by the equipment tank contractor conforming to tank design criteria per applicable specifications and standards. Piles and pile caps interconnected by grade beams and slab-on-grade construction.
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2.6.2
Structural Code Criteria
Building Code: Structural Code:
1998 California Building Code (CBC) including 1997 Uniform Building Code (UBC) provisions. Manual of Steel Construction AISC (Second Edition - 1998). Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete and Commentary ACI 318 (1999 Edition).
Geotechnical Reports: DRAFT Geotechnical Investigation Report, University of California at Merced, Library, Science, Classroom, and Central Plant Buildings, Merced County, California dated June 29, 2001 prepared by Kleinfelder, Inc., Merced, California. DRAFT Geotechnical Investigation Report, University of California at Merced, Phase 1, On-Site Infrastructure, Merced County, California dated October 31, 2001, prepared by Kleinfelder, Inc., Merced, California.
2.6.3 Structural Material Summary
Concrete: (fc = 28-day concrete design strength) (normal weight = 145 pcf) 1. Foundation Spread Footings fc = 5000 psi 2. Misc. Foundation Walls, Pits, etc. fc = 4000 psi 3. Slab-on-grade fc = 4000 psi 4. Cast-in-place Walls fc = 4000 psi 5. Fill on Metal Deck fc = 4000 psi 6. Misc. MEP Pads, Curbs, Walls fc = 4000 psi 7. Misc. Sidewalks, etc. fc = 3000 psi Fly Ash: ASTM C618, High volume Type Class F 50% Cement content replacement Rebar: ASTM A615 Grade 60 (60,000 psi) Welded wire fabric: ASTM A-446 Structural Steel: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) WF Shapes Miscellaneous plates & shapes Electrodes Bolts Anchor Bolts Steel Tubing ASTM A-572 Grade 50 (fy = 50 ksi) ASTM A-36 ASTM E70xx ASTM A-325 / A-490 ASTM A-354 gr. BD or equivalent, A36 ASTM A500 Grade B (fy = 42 ksi)
Metal Deck/Studs: 1) 1-1/2 and 3 deep, 18 gauge composite metal form deck typical where shown with headed studs / shear connectors. 2) Composite Metal Deck ASTM A446 Grade A galvanized or phosphatized and painted (Galvanized with G60 or G90 coating ASTM A525) 3) Shear Studs ASTM A108-58T (Fu = 60 ksi)
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2.6.4
Structural Gravity Load Criteria
Exterior Wall Loads: 20 psf vertical surface u.n.o. Floor and Roof Loads:
1) Central Plant Lower Level

8 Reinforced concrete slab-on-grade Ceiling, Mech, Electrical & Plumbing Partitions Fixed Equipment 4 (NWC) Housekeeping Pads Total (Excluding framing self-weight) Live Load (Reducible per UBC) 100 psf 10 psf 5 psf 50 psf 50 psf 215 psf 75 psf
2) Central Plant Upper Level

3 Metal Deck + 4-1/2 (NWC) Fill Ceiling, Mech, Electrical & Plumbing Partitions Fixed Equipment 4 (NWC) Housekeeping Pads Total (Excluding framing self-weight) Live Load (Reducible per UBC) 78 psf 10 psf 5 psf 50 psf 50 psf 93 psf 75 psf
3) Central Plant Roof Level Mechanical Areas

3 Metal Deck + 4-1/2 (NWC) Fill Ceiling, Mech, Electrical & Plumbing Partitions Fixed Equipment 4 (NWC) Housekeeping Pads Total (Excluding framing self-weight) Live Load (Reducible per UBC) 78 psf 10 psf 5 psf 50 psf 50 psf 193 psf 75 psf
4) Central Plant Roof Level Roof Areas

3 Metal Deck + 4-1/2 (NWC) Fill Ceiling, Mech, Electrical & Plumbing Acoustical/Sound Insulation Roofing Membrane Roof Pavers/Ballast Total (Excluding framing self-weight) Live Load (Reducible per UBC) 78 psf 10 psf 10 psf 8 psf 20 psf 126 psf 20 psf
5) Telecommunications Building Lower Level

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6 Reinforced concrete slab-on-grade Ceiling, Mech, Electrical & Plumbing Partitions Fixed Equipment 4 (NWC) Housekeeping Pads Total (Excluding framing self-weight) Live Load (Reducible per UBC)
75 psf 0 psf 5 psf 50 psf 50 psf 190 psf 75 psf
6) Telecommunications Building Roof Level

2 Metal Deck + 2-1/2 LWC Fill Ceiling, Mech, Electrical & Plumbing Acoustical/Sound Insulation Roofing Membrane Total (Excluding framing self-weight) Live Load
2.6.5
44 psf 10 psf 10 psf 8 psf 72 psf 20 psf
(Reducible per UBC)
Structural Lateral Load Criteria
Wind Loads (1997 UBC) 1) Primary Lateral Load Resisting System a. Design Wind Pressure, P (psf) P = Ce.Cq.qs.Iw b. Exposure = Type C c. Basic Wind Speed = 70 mph d. Iw = 1.15 (Essential Facility) 2) Roof Primary Structural System a. Design Wind Pressure, P (psf) As above except: b. Cq = 0.9 outward or 0.3 inward c. Ce = 1.53 (ht max = 80 ft, Exposure C) d. qs = 12.6 psf e. Iw = 1.15 3) Exterior Cladding and Roof Elements Per UBC, Table 16-H. Seismic Loads (1997 UBC) Superstructure and Non-Structural Components 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) Seismic Zone: 3 Zone Factor: Z = 0.3 Importance Factor: I = 1.25 (Essential Facility) Ip = 1.50 (Essential Facility) Soil Profile Type: SC Seismic Source Type: B Near Source Factor: NA = 1.0 Near Source Factor: NV = 1.0 Lateral Force Resisting System: Central Plant Facility
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Shear Walls - Concrete Steel Eccentrically Braced Frame (EBF) R = 5.5, W0 = 2.8 Telecommunications Facility Shear Walls - Concrete R = 5.5, W0 = 2.8 10) Dynamic Analysis Using Site Specific Response Spectra per UBC Not Required Seismic Loads (1997 UBC) Thermal Energy Storage Tank 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Seismic Zone: 3 Zone Factor: Z = 0.3 Importance Factor: I = 1.0 Soil Profile Type: SB Seismic Source Type: B Site Amplification Factor: 1.2
Structural Loading Combinations Using Strength Design 1) Basic for Concrete: UBC 1612.2.1 & 1909.2.1 a) 1.4D + 1.7L b) 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5(Lr or S) c) 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or S) + (f1L or 0.8W) d) 1.2D + 1.3W + f1L + 0.5(Lr or S) e) 1.1 * (1.2D +/- 1.0E + (f1L + f2S) ) f) 1.1 * (0.9D +/- (1.3W or 1.0E) ) 2) Special Seismic Load Combinations: UBC 1612.4 a) 1.2D + f1L + 1.0Em b) 0.9D +/- 1.0 Em Where, f1 = 1.0 (live loads >= 100 psf) f1 = 0.5 (other live loads) f2 = 0.2 (no snow loads)
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3.
CORPORATION YARD
Refer to the Arup report Corporation Yard Basis of Design Report.
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4. 4.1
TECHNICAL MEMORANDA DEMOLITION AND GRADING (SHJ) Site Demolition

4.1.1 Existing Conditions
The site for the Campus will occupy the area currently utilized as the Merced Hills Golf Course. The core development area is bound by Le Grand Canal to the north and Fairfield Canal to the South.
4.1.2 Proposed Demolition
Site demolition will consist of the existing golf course clubhouse, parking lot, maintenance building, appurtenances, utilities and landscaping as required for the construction of the proposed campus improvements. The existing septic system will be abandoned per County Health requirements. The existing well may be utilized for water for construction related activities. With regards to sustainability considerations, the demolition of the site materials should be included as part of a waste management plan for the project. Salvageable and recyclable materials should be identified and utilized as appropriate in lieu of hauling to land fills.
4.2
Site Grading
The existing topography consists of rolling hills sloping downward in a south, southeasterly direction from a high elevation of 260 to a low elevation of 225.
4.2.2 Proposed Grading
A Conceptual Grading Plan for the entire Campus was prepared as part of the Master Planning effort. This grading plan set the general grading patterns utilized for Campus 2008 site grading. Site grading will be limited to the areas within the limits as designated as non-environmental as established by the by the Corps of Engineers and Fish & Game. Grading will be performed in an effort to establish maximum grades of 5% wherever possible to conform to current ADA requirements. To meet EIR requirements of no export or import, the mass grading must balance. The goal is for the area east and west of Fairfield Canal to balance individually. The core area for the building site will be graded to an elevation of approximately 255. The main access road, Entry Road, will be graded in a manner to gently slope downward to a low point near the Little Lake and then slope upward to the proposed bridge crossing Fairfield Canal. The Central Plant site will be graded at an elevation of approximately 240. The areas south of Fairfield Canal will be cut and rough graded as needed and in a manner to balance earthwork and for proper placement of utilities with regards to future development of the remaining sites. The proposed grading requires approximately 200,000 cubic feet of cut and fill to balance the earthwork for the project site. Grading operations will follow the requirements of the Geotechnical Report prepared for this project. The grading schemes adjacent to the buildings will be designed to present gentle uniform slopes away from the buildings. Hardscape adjacent to buildings should slope away at 2%-3% and 5% for at least 5 feet in landscape areas.
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4.3
Erosion and Sediment Control

4.3.1 Design Standards
Erosion and sediment control measures meeting the requirements and standards of the State Regional Water Quality Control Board will be implemented for the construction phases of the project. The erosion and sediment control plan will conform to the EPAs Storm Water Management for Construction Activities, EPA Document No. EPA-833-R-92-001, or local erosion and sedimentation control standards, whichever is more stringent. A Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan, SWPPP, is required for this project.
4.3.2 Proposed Erosion and Sediment Control Measures
Erosion and sediment control measures will be implemented to prevent sediment from spreading beyond the limits of the project limits boundary. Pre-construction and construction related measures such as silt fencing, straw rolls, graveled construction site accesses and sediment basins will be utilized to prevent sediment from going beyond the limits of construction. Upon completion of mass grading operations, areas to be left exposed for extended periods of time will be hydro seeded. Additionally, straw rolls, filter sacks, and gravel beds will be utilized to prevent sediments from entering the proposed storm drain system. Post construction BMPs will both be administrative and structural such as catch basins (with sumps), hydrodynamic separators, bio swales and redundant filtering structures such as the gabion rings at the northern detention basin inlet and outlet. The construction SWPPP should transform and evolve into a permanent post construction UC Merced SWPPP that includes source controls, employee training, structural BMP maintenance, and other administrative measures.
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5. 5.1
TECHNICAL MEMORANDA UTILITIES Storm Sewer (SHJ)

The majority of the existing golf course site drains overland via natural and man-made swales. There are a few minor piped systems in and around the golf course clubhouse. The majority of the site east of Fairfield sheet flows into the canal. The portion of the site west of Fairfield Canal drains either to Little Lake, Lower Pond or to upper Cottonwood Creek. Several vernal pools in the vicinity of upper Cottonwood retain rain and irrigation runoff. The storm season for the Merced area generally occurs during the months of October through April. The average annual precipitation is approximately 12 inches.
5.1.2 Design Standards/Methodology
A conceptual drainage shed map was prepared for the entire Campus as part of the Master Planning effort. This shed map identified the pre and post development drainage flows along with the general locations for required 100-year storm water detention/retention basins. This plan was developed with the intent of no net increase in the rate or quantity of storm water runoff from pre-developed conditions. The design of the storm sewer system will be based on the County of Merced Public Works Design Standards, the Merced Irrigation District Design Standards, and generally accepted design methodologies of the region. The underground storm sewer system will be sized to convey a 10-year storm under non-surge conditions, where possible. Detention basins and low lying green space will be utilized as areas for temporary storage of 100-year storm events. The site will be graded in a manner so that the proposed finish floor elevations of the buildings will be above overland release routes and 100-year flood plain levels. The storm sewer and detention basin designs will be analyzed using computer design and analyses software, such as Haestad Methods StormCAD and PondPack.
5.1.3 Proposed Storm Sewer System
The storm sewer system will be comprised of a combination of piped systems, bio swales, and passive water quality structures. A new detention basin meeting the approval of MID, will be constructed adjacent to Fairfield Canal south of the proposed Central Plant. This basin will collect storm water runoff from the Campus Core area between Le Grand and Fairfield Canals. The detention basin will be constructed and sized in a manner to retain the runoff from a postdevelopment 10-year storm event. Some of the runoff collected in the pond will be discharged by pump into the Fairfield Canal in a manner approved by MID. Additionally, some of the collected runoff will be diverted to Little Lake through a 12 gravity line. All of the area west of Fairfield Canal and north of Entry Road, inclusive, will be collected and discharged into existing Little Lake. The water level of the lake will be controlled to retain a 100-yr storm event. The operations of the storm water management system are discussed in Section 10. The remainder of western Campus 2008 will drain to Lower Pond and eventually to upper Cottonwood Creek.
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5.2
Sanitary Sewer (K/J)

Except for a small septic tank and leach field serving the existing golf course clubhouse in the 2008 Campus site, there are no existing wastewater collection and treatment facilities located within the Main Campus area. The existing and potential wastewater collection and treatment options for the Campus were addressed in the Conceptual Plan for Integrated, Water-Related Infrastructure Systems, Nolte Associates, July 2000 and the Detailed Project Program for the UCM Site Development and Infrastructure Project, Arup, April 2001. Pertinent information from these studies is summarized below. The City of Merced (City) owns and operates a municipal wastewater treatment facility located on the southwest side of the City. This facility has a design capacity of 10 million gallons per day (mgd) and currently treats an average flow of 8.3 mgd. Therefore, this facility has potential capacity to treat wastewater flows from the Campus. The City also owns and maintains a wastewater collection system that extends to the north Merced area near the Campus. There are two possible options for a Campus connection to this system. The first is a connection to a 27-inch-diameter gravity sewer on G Street near Merced College and the second is a connection to an 18-inch-diameter gravity sewer on Yosemite Avenue.
5.2.2 Analysis Methodology Development of Campus Sanitary Sewer System
5.2.2.1 Sanitary Sewer Layout and Sizing
The campus sanitary system was laid out and sized for Build-out demands. Hydraulic requirements for Phase 1 were then evaluated based on the pipe sizing developed in the Buildout model. Sewer alignment is set along the centerline of the roadway if possible. Manhole spacing is at a maximum of 300-feet separation and minimum invert elevation of 7-feet if possible. Model junction elevation data (manhole rim elevations) were obtained from contours displayed in the following drawings, developed by Sandis Humber Jones: Grading.dwg, dated July 20, 2001; and Pcontours.06.26.01.dwg, dated July 26, 2001. The network layout was superimposed on the grid as it appears in the drawing developed by Skidmore Owings & Merrill entitled buildout.dwg, dated August 9, 2001.
5.2.2.2 Selection of Campus Sanitary Sewer System Computer Model
HYDRA 6.1, by PIZER, was selected for the analysis of sanitary sewer network.
5.2.2.3 Sanitary Sewer Connection
The City owns and maintains a wastewater collection system that extends to the north Merced area near the Campus. Two options for a Campus connection to this system were considered. The first is a connection to a 27-inch-diameter gravity sewer on G Street near Merced College and the second is a connection to an 18-inch-diameter gravity sewer on Yosemite Avenue. The first option is the preferred connection. The City will construct the 27-inch sewer connection from the UC Merced Campus to Merced College. The UC Merced Campus system is expected to connect to the City system at the intersection of Lake Road and Bellevue Road.
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5.2.2.4 Demands and Analysis Scenarios
The campus will be divided into two main areas: residential and academic. The model assumes that the proposed 27-inch city sewer will be the point of connection. Two models were setup to model the Build-out and Phase 1 (2004 2008) expected demands. Sewer loads were developed based on water and cooling demand projections.
5.2.3 Campus Demands
Average daily demands for 2004, 2008, and 2035 were provided in the Campus Master Plan Document. The UC Merced-Block Massing Study Table, dated June 14, 2001, supplied a list of campus blocks with gross square footage of building area and land use. With this data, a ratio of average daily water demand to system area for each land use category and time increment was calculated. These ratios were multiplied by the gross square footage of each block. Sanitary sewer loads assume 90% of the average daily water demand as the average daily sewer load. In addition, within the Academic zone, cooling water demand is added to the average daily load. This load is evenly distributed within the Academic zone blocks based on their gross square feet.
5.2.3.1 Maximum Sanitary Sewer Demands
Average daily demands were peaked according to land use-specific peaking factors (see Design Criteria Section, following for peaking factors) for maximum day and peak hour demands. These values were then combined by year (2004, 2008, 2035). Blocks were then assigned to model network junctions and flows entered into the hydraulic model. Results of these calculations are tabulated in the Campus Sanitary Sewer System Appendix.
5.2.4 Design Criteria
The following design criteria and assumptions were based on typical criteria for other campuses. References are listed at the end of the section.
Pipe Friction Factor, n Normal Depth at Peak Flow Minimum Pipe Size Minimum Slope 0.013 55 percent of pipe diameter 6.0 inches 6-inch 0.0035 8-inch 0.0025 12-inch 0.00156 18-inch 0.0012 21-inch or greater 0.001
Infiltration and inflow were not added to the model since the system is new and defects are assumed to have minimal effect on the system. Pipe sizing is based on the minimum size required to satisfy the 55% D/d flow depth at peak flow. The remaining capacity (D/d) is available to accommodate increase flow from possible future degradation in the sewer network. The average peaking factor is based on the diurnal curve developed for the University of California at Davis Sewer Master Plan. Two curves were used, residential and academic, normalized to a 24-hours period. Support areas were assumed to have similar use characteristic as academic areas.
5.2.4.1 Assumptions
Deviations exist between the Build-out street grid displayed on the 7/23/01 drawing bldout723.dwg downloaded from Skidmore, Owings & Merrill ftp site \\fttp:\ftp.som.com\7-2501\SCHEMATIC_UTILITY\P\500137\MstrPlan and PDF display June 13, 2001 Full Build-out
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Land Use Diagram, lu_bld.pdf developed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. The street layout in bldput723.dwg was assumed to be the most current and was used in developing the sewer model layout.
5.2.4.2 References
The University of California at Davis Sewer Master Plan developed by West Yost & Associates, dated December 1, 2000 The University of California at Davis Health Sciences Infrastructure Project Predesign Report developed by Kennedy/Jenks Consultants, dated February 27, 2001 The Merced University Community Planning Area Wastewater Collection, Treatment, Disposal, and Reuse Conceptual Plan Technical Memorandum by Nolte Engineering, dated June 15, 2001
5.2.5 Design Results Sanitary Sewer Analysis
5.2.5.1 Sanitary Sewer Analysis Results Build-out (2035)
The proposed sanitary sewer operates in accordance within the design criteria. A total of 1,582,000 gallons per day average daily flow was entered into the model. Sanitary sewer crossings at Fairfield and La Grande Canals were modeled as gravity flow. Five pump stations were required to drain the entire proposed Build-out area. The pump stations were included in the model because of the topography of the site does not accommodate complete drainage by gravity. The sewer modeling results can be found in the Campus Sanitary Sewer System Appendix (Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4).
5.2.5.2 Sanitary Sewer Analysis Results Phase 1 (2004 2008)
The proposed sanitary sewer system for Phase 1 is a subset of the Build-out System. Pipe sizing was based on the requirements of Build-out. A total of 119,000 gallons per day average daily flow was entered into the model. A small pump station will be needed to drain the residential area south of the existing golf course lake and the adjacent athletic fields; however this pump station is not included within the scope of the Phase 1 design. The sewer model results can be found in the Campus Sanitary Sewer System Appendix (Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4).
5.2.6 Proposed Campus Sanitary Sewer System
5.2.6.1 Build-out (2035)
The proposed sanitary sewer system for the Build-out Campus is shown on the Build-out Sanitary Sewer System (2035) drawing in the Campus Sanitary Sewer System Appendix. Pipe and node data can be found in the Campus Sanitary Sewer System Appendix (Table 1).
5.2.6.2 Phase 1 (2004 2008)
Pipe and node data can be found in the Campus Sanitary Sewer System Appendix (Table 1). The pipe and node data are based on the conceptual layout as shown on the Phase 1 Sanitary Sewer System (2004 2008) drawing in the Campus Sanitary Sewer System Appendix. The complete design for the Phase 1 sanitary sewer system is shown on the Utility Plans and the Sanitary Sewer System Profiles in the Bid Package 3 and 4 Drawings.
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5.3
Electricity - Power (Arup)

5.3.1 General
The aim of the electrical distribution system is to provide reliable power to the various facilities on campus, including academic buildings, residential units, facilities buildings and lighting for roadways, parking and recreational areas. The goal has been set at (5) 9s reliability, as defined in the IEEE Standard 493 IEEE Recommended Practice for the Design of Reliable Industrial and Commercial Power Systems. Achieving such a high standard of reliability will depend on several factors, including the reliability of the utility source, which is unknown at this time. Also, redundancy is required in all aspects of the electrical system, so that a single failure will not cause any more than a brief power outage. (See the Central Plant part of this report for features at the main switchgear.) The site distribution also has to be arranged so that all feeders and feeder routing are redundant. Based on preliminary information from utility companies, we have calculated that the (5) 9s reliability can be achieved at the connection point into each academic building if power is obtained from two separate utility company substations.
5.3.2 Load estimation
The estimated demand load for the initial phase of the UC Merced construction is 2.1MW, with the ultimate build-out estimated to be 18.3MW. The sum of individual loads is greater than this because the maximum loads are not coincident. For example, the Central Plant loads are maximized at night, while the building loads are maximized during the day. Based on this information, we have subdivided the full campus into 9 zones, 6 of them for general building loads and 3 for central plants, the load of each zone being estimated at about 3-4MW.
5.3.3 Incoming power
Based on cost and reliability scenarios, power will be obtained from a combination of the following sources: Utility company feeds (preferably 2) Hydro-electric generating station
Most probably, the utility feed(s) will be at 12KV and enter the campus at the southwest corner at or near Lake Road. The hydro power would originate in the existing Merced Irrigation District hydroelectric generating station located on the Fairfield Canal at the east end of the initial campus area.
5.3.4 Main connections
If two utility company services are obtained, they would be routed underground along two separate routes to the Central Plant. The service feeders will share ductbanks and manholes with the campus 12KV distribution system. Conduits will be installed to be able to handle the full campus build-out, but only enough cables will be installed to feed the first phase. The feeders will terminate in the main switchgear in the Central Plant (see Central Plant electrical narrative). Each service will be sized for 2000A at ultimate build-out. This corresponds to 43MW at 12.47KV, which leaves over 100% margin above the estimated total demand.
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The switchgear is arranged so that future cogeneration plant(s) can be connected into it, in parallel with utility connections. Protective relaying for cogeneration will include undervoltage, underfrequency, power flow, and overcurrent. The existing Fairfield hydroelectric generating station has a capacity of approximately 0.9MW, which is only available during summer months. Its output, pending negotiations with MID, will be connected into the main switchgear, in parallel with utility connections. The existing facility has the protective relaying required for utility interconnection.
5.3.5 Site distribution
Each of the 9 zones of the campus will be fed through two sets of feeders, run underground along different routes. With an estimated demand of about 4MW (200A at 12KV) for each zone, each feeder will utilize 500kcmil conductors, which will provide sufficient overcapacity for almost any eventuality. The first phase of the campus construction will all be included in one zone and fed from one set of two redundant feeders. Manholes will be located at spacings to allow for the installation of the feeder conductors and at strategic locations near buildings to allow for their connection. The two redundant feeders will run along different routes and not share manholes, in order to avoid having a single point of failure. In order to reduce points of possible failure, modular junctions will be located in the manholes only where the feeders split to run in different directions. Additional conduits will be installed out of the Central Plant and run to the boundaries of the initial phase, for continuation during subsequent phases.
5.3.6 Building connections
At each manhole near a building, multi-way switchgear, consisting of modular connectors and fused loadbreak switches, will be used to tap the main feeders and supply the building. The conductors from the interruptor will be sized depending on the building load, but generally at #2/0AWG, rated for 200A capacity. Conduit from each such manhole will be connected to conduit stubbed out of the building, and the conductors will be run inside to the unit substations installed as part of each building project. Each of the two feeders will feed all unit substations, with the primary of the unit substation consisting of two vacuum breakers arranged for selective radial feed. Upon loss of one feeder, the breakers can switch power to the other feeder. It has been concluded that at this time, a campus-wide SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system is not required, and the functions of monitoring loads can be accomplished using the Energy Management System. If cogeneration is installed in the future, a more reliable and faster system will be required to control the loads, and this will require the addition of a SCADA system. The campus network will have capacity to add this system at a later date if required. Primary metering on the building unit substations and trip units on the low voltage circuit breakers have data outputs and control inputs that can transmit information on energy usage to the central Energy Monitoring System. In order to reduce downtime, the building loads can be switched between the two feeders in case of the failure of one. This can be accomplished automatically using programmable logic at each unit substation or from a central control point using the campus Energy Management System.
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5.4
IT/Campus Information Systems Distribution (SFMI)

5.4.1 Introduction
Definition of Terms - Knowledge of the following terms is useful in understanding discussion of IT Systems that follows ADF - Area Distribution Frame. A building or room within a building that serves as a information systems aggregation point, collecting the cabled and/or wireless output of several buildings, each equipped with a BDF, at a common point. Equipment placed at the ADF distributes the information to the NOC, other ADFs and local BDFs. Aerial Plant - Distribution of communications cabling by means of cabling affixed to telephone poles and similar. BDF - The Building Distribution Frame is a room within a building that aggregates all of the information systems hardware and cabling entering and leaving the building and supporting building operations. CLEC Competitive Local Exchange Carrier. A non-traditional provider of competitive telecom and data services in the local area. Contrast with ILEC. Fill - shorthand for the cabling placed in a pathway. ILEC Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier. Typically the telephone service provider that has traditionally provided local dial tone service in the area. For Merced, this is SBC. Instrument. A term used to collectively describe telephone handsets, answering devices, fax machines and other end point. MAN Metropolitan Area Network. A local area network extended to encompass a metropolitan area and commonly connecting physically separate properties into a single seamless logical entity for the purposes of data and voice services. MPOE Minimum Point of Entry. The point of primary service connection to the ILEC. At the MPOE, the ILEC franchise mandated service construction and maintenance responsibilities end, and the Owners begin. NOC - the central network operations center for the campus, housing the data and voice switching systems and connected to all the buildings and ADFs. Outside Plant - Collectively, the pathways and cabling used to connect buildings and similar communications nodes. Pathways - In reference to site construction, pathways are the system of conduits and similar components that are installed at the outset of campus construction to provide a means of placing current and future cabling media in service without reconstructing campus hardscape. Underground Ductbanks - Conduits placed underground and generally encased in concrete. Voice-on-IP or VOIP. A new means of providing telephone service user computer data transmission means described more fully in this section and the appendix. WAN Wide Area Network. A communications network providing the means of connecting geographically separate facilities commonly by means of third party long distance, packet and cell circuits.
Existing Conditions - Impact of Site Constraints
5.4.2
The existing site development is constrained at the edges by the amoeba development perimeter. This limits the number of degrees of freedom along which the new infrastructure can be developed. The interior of the amoeba is further sliced by the existing canals. In addition to further constraining the potential routes for distribution, communications ducts will need to cross with and be integrated into the bridge design(s) that cross these barriers.
Core campus communications facilities require a secure, physical space to house the campus communications electronics and terminate the major cable bundles. On a campus, this central facility is generally referred to as a Network Operations Center, or NOC. The design requirements of the NOC are described in Section 5.4.6.2 below. The Phase 1 design documents refer to the NOC as the Telecom Building. The site development has further placed the proposed Central Plant/Telecom Building facilities at the southeastern corner of the Phase 1 development areas. While more central to future areas of development, this orientation necessitates crossing the long axis of the Phase 1 campus in order to reach the areas to be served. Traditional telephony systems (as related herein below) have the advantage of the simplest maintenance cycle as they can provide power to all instruments from a central point (either the Telecom Building or from multiple ADFs) over cable lengths of up to 4,000 feet. Portions of the proposed housing area, as well as the majority of the future campus, lie beyond the radius easily served with voice services from a single NOC facility over high pair count copper cabling. The communications infrastructure design is therefore based on the expectation that either supplemental distribution facilities (called Area Distribution Facilities or ADFs) will be developed in the vicinity of these distant buildings (as is common at other U.C. campuses), or that an voice systems architecture relying on distance-insensitive fiber optic cabling between building, remote, building-based voice switches (whether traditional telephony or VOIP) and in building UPSs will be selected by the campus. As will be described below, the goal of the pathway development is to create pathways that align with major roadways, provide physically separate dual pathways for carrier and BDF/ADF distribution, provide the means to extend the campus beyond the ameoba and yet remain within the amoeba. The arrangement of facilities on the existing site and restrictions of the site boundary constraints prevents satisfying all objectives simultaneously. Given the limited number of roads and intersections to be built in the Phase 1 project, it is inevitable that the two routes will need to come in close proximity to one another at one or more locations.
Analysis Methodology
5.4.3
Development of the campus IT infrastructure includes the development of both a passive outside plant infrastructure and the related in-building infrastructure to support it. The following industry design guides references have been consulted in establishing quantitative measures for these findings: BISCI Customer Owned Outside Plant Design Manual U.S. Department of Agriculture- REA/RUS Design Practices, including Bulletin 1751F-643 Design of Underground Conduit Rural Utilities Services. Pacific Bell Consultant Liaison Design Handbook.
Campus Demands
5.4.4
5.4.4.1 Voice Architectures and Implications
The outside plant infrastructure of most campus environments can be divided into backbone and branches. In the development of earlier U.C. campuses, it was common for high pair count copper voice cabling, broadband coax, and later fiber optic cabling to occupy the majority of the cross-section of both the backbone and branch outside plant ductbanks. These cables were placed to serve voice, broadband video and data needs respectively At the present time, there is no need to place coax in the backbone. Fiber cabling is the preferred outside plant medium for distribution of all audio, video and broadband television media in the outside plant infrastructure.
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Any one of four different voice telephone services, in varying combinations, may be utilized by the campus. These include: Centrex Voice Telephone Service. In this service model, the campus would not own nor operate its own telephone systems hardware. Services are instead provided using the equipment of the ILEC (SBC) or a CLEC. In the case of SBC, implementation has historically consisted of high pair count copper cabling placed in ratios of 1 pair plus spares for instrument served in branch and backbone conduits. Furthermore, depending on the availability of sufficient ILEC/CLEC facilities in the immediate vicinity of campus, the provider might require sufficient ductbank in the off-campus to extend each pair to an offcampus C.O. facility. If instead, the provider chose to place switching hardware on campus, then the large ductbank carrying cabling off campus is avoided. In its place is the requirement to make available to the provider room to construct a on campus satellite Central Office Facility, including room to terminate copper cabling on blocks, switching and backup facilities, voice feature facilities, such as voice mail, and WAN/off campus voice trunks. To varying degrees in various places on campus, U.C. Berkeleys voice systems are based on this model. Central Voice Switch Facility. In this service model, the campus procures and operates a central voice switch. All instruments are connected to this switch either through copper cabling or through digital loop extenders or digital remote units (DRU). With all voice processing performed in one location, the topology and infrastructure requirements of this system closely resemble those of Centrex services. The distinction between the two is in the requirement for carrier voice trunk cabling - the Central Voice uses multiplexed Central Office trunks and/or IP gateway facilities for WAN access, eliminating the need to extend all of the campus ports off campus on individual pairs. If the Centrex provider places switching hardware on campus, then these two service models are very similar or identical - both require switch room and voice processing facilities in the campus core (Physical Plant and/or Telephone Buildings), along with long run battery backup support by emergency generator. U.C. Davis presently uses a Central Voice Switch architecture. Distributed, Networked Voice Switches. In a distributed voice switch architecture, call processing hardware is placed at ADF facilities closer to areas of large instrument counts. Instruments in each served area are connected to the nearest switch using copper cabling. The switches are in turn connected to each other and to the WAN trunks in a meshed architecture. While voice processing facilities, such as Voicemail are often concentrated in a single location in such systems, the multiple meshed trunks can permit the system to redirect calls around failed backbone fiber trunks, and, to a lesser extent using Power Fault Transfer blocks, can survive the failure of the ADF switching hardware. All modern networked voice switch networks can be provisioned to incorporate elements of Voice-onIP architectures, including VOIP instruments, gateways and/or switching and routing. UC Santa Cruz uses a Distributed, Networked Voice Switch Architecture. Voice-on-IP. A summary of the state of the VOIP market as it exists today, and the issues and benefits of it in its current state is given in Appendix C.
It is not necessary to determine the exact voice architecture at the present time, however, a very distinct difference exists in the outside plant copper cabling requirements of the first two options (Centrex and Central Plant Switch) when compared to that of the second two options (Distributed Switch and VOIP). For the purposes of the infrastructure design, SFMI has assumed implementation of one of the latter options, likely a hybrid of the two. While sufficient duct bank capacity will exist to support one of the other two architecture options for the Phase 1 campus, in the long run, the demands of installing and administering a large new voice plant constructed out of only centrally wired copper pairs will fill the available ductbank entering the NOC as the University approaches ultimate buildout. The initially installed
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ductbank would need to be reinforced, with additional ducts installed across the service yard to the utility tunnel, and from the south end of the NOC to the south and east of the utility yard. In addition to the four service models choices, there are separate choices to be made as to how to provision the separate state funded and non-state funded areas of the campus. Fifteen or more years ago, the U.C. campuses were typically only providing campus voice services to state funded buildings. In the last five years, most have moved to extend their voice networks to support student housing areas. At the other campuses, the projects to extend the voice networks to the student housing areas were also used to provide campus data services to each student in on campus housing. For UCM, the possible decision to support student housing areas and academic areas with common voice services similar to those provided at other U.C. Campuses will influence the scope and scale of the voice infrastructure required. The following table, depicting student, faculty and staff population, is drawn from the UCM Long Range Development Plan (LRDP). The LRDP notes that half of the student population is expected to live on campus. The table below further draws on the experiences of UC Davis and U.C Santa Cruz, which currently provide the following ratios of voice instruments to the campus population: .9-1.19 Voice Ports per capita of Staff and Faculty .5 Voice Ports per capita of housed undergraduates, 1 per capita of housed graduates (where in family housing or similar). UCM has expressed the desire to retain the ability to offer every housed student a private telephone (1:1 ratio). Since the goal of the campus (as express in the LRDP) is to house half of all students attending, this works out to a ratio of 1 voice port per 2 students attending.
Based on these counts and ratios, we derive the following expected port counts per year of operation of the UCM campus.
Population 2004/ 2005/ 2006/ 2007/ 2008/ 2009/1 2010/1 2014/1 2024/2 2025/2 2026/2 2027/2 Full 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 5 5 6 7 8 Dev. Undergraduate 900 1,801 2,519 3,238 3,957 4,675 5,394 7,699 12,398 12,869 13,341 13,813 22,250 Graduate 100 208 291 374 457 539 622 952 1,532 1,591 1,649 1,707 2,750 Subtotal 1,000 2,009 2,810 3,612 4,414 5,214 6,016 8,650 13,930 14,460 14,990 15,520 25,000 Faculty Staff Subtotal Total Population State Fund Only State & Student 100 400 500 149 596 745 194 241 285 757 940 112 951 1,181 1,397 316 1,232 1,548 6,762 342 1,334 1,676 491 791 1,719 2,769 2,210 3,560 821 2,791 3,612 851 2,893 3,744 882 2,999 3,881 1,420 4,828 6,248
1,500 2,754 3,761 4,793 5,811
7,692 10,860 17,490 18,072 18,734 19,401 31,248
595
887 1,131 1,405 1,662
1,843 4,450
1,994 5,002
2,629
4,236
4,299
4,456
4,618
7,435
1,095 1,891 2,536 3,211 3,869
6,954 11,201 11,529 11,951 12,378 19,935
As noted above, in the earliest years of the campus, a copper pair per active port architecture, such as are used in the Centrex or Central Switch Architecture, is supportable, however, as the campus growths, the number pairs required quickly grows to large very large counts that will require considerable staff time and effort to effectively manage and would ultimately necessitate growing the Phase 1 underground infrastructure connectivity beyond its initially capacity at the IT/C1 connection to the Telecom Building. Moreover, neither of these architectures supports
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failover as all of the system switching intelligence lies in one building, or in the case of Centrex, off-campus. The infrastructure is being let for bid prior to the campus deciding which system architecture it will support or whether it will offer campus voice services to non-State buildings. SFMI recommends, and the infrastructure design assumes, use of Distributed Switch or VOIP Architecture, or a hybrid of the two.
The relevant industry standards for design are: Campus Infrastructure Standards - a document being prepared by SFMI. ANSI/TIA/EIA 758 Customer Owned Outside Plant Telecommunications Cabling Standard BISCI Customer Owned Outside Plant Design Manual CPUC General Order 128, Rules for Construction of Underground Electric Supply and Communications System U.S. Department of Agriculture, Rural Utilities Service (RUS), formerly Rural Electrification Administration (REA): - RUS/REA Bulletin (Jan. 1993; Supp 1 thru 7) 1755I-100 List of Materials Acceptable for Use on Telephone System of REA Borrowers.- RUS (REA) PC-4 (July 1976) Acceptance Tests and Measurements of Telephone Plant. - RUS (REA)TECM 644(Apr. 1983; Issue No.3) Design and Construction of Underground Cable (Physical Plant).
Design Results
5.4.6
5.4.6.1 Connection to Carrier Services
Refer to Section 7.4.

5.4.6.2 NOC Facilities
UCM requires a Network Operations Machine Room (NOC) to act as a central processing and signal distribution facility for: Data networking systems - Collects all information from ADF (Area Distribution Frames) and switches this traffic to mesh connected ADFs, campus MAN and/or WAN. Telephony, including primary MPOE (see Section 7.4) and links to secondary MPOE. Supports central site switching, voice processing and distribution of voice traffic to distributed nodes and to the off-site voice trunks/VOIP gateway. Cable Television & Satellite Systems (CATV/MATV/SMATV) if implemented by the campus. Distributed Learning Systems Distribution of the signals of other campus systems, including Fire Alarm, Energy Management Systems and Building Management Systems Controls. Public Safety Radio (function and timeline PSR to be determined) Public Safety Answering Point/911 Dispatch (function and timeline PSAP to be determined) Security including Access Control, and Emergency Blue Phone Point of Sale Systems Irrigation Control Systems Central termination point for outside plant cabling infrastructure providing connection to all other campus buildings.
5.4.6.3 NOC General Design Parameters
Because of the essential nature of the service provided, the capital value of the developed facilities and the man-hours necessary to realize it, the location of the NOC should be such that relocation will not be required within at least a 30 year planning horizon, if ever. The NOC is the campuses primary connection to the Public Safety Answering Point (911) network, will house the Central Electronics Bays serving the campus radio and consoles, and may serve as an interim dispatch center for the initial 911 response system. The structures structural design needs to incorporate these core values. The NOC must be located so as to permit delivery of objects of a size of up to 7' H x 2-6"W x 3' D using a hand-truck or similar means of continuous wheeled delivery. In addition, the NOC entries to be sized to permit the delivery of the largest pieces of computer room air conditioning systems an/or centralized UPS (to be designed by Others). The location of the NOC must be designed to permit two physically separate points of outside plant entry. A means of isolating gel filled, unrated outside plant (typically high pair count copper) cabling before it enters from the NOC is required at both entries. The preferred location of the NOC is at grade level. The NOC must not be located in any place that may be subject to water, including flooding, or steam infiltration, humidity from nearby water intrusion or steam, heat, and any other corrosive atmospheric or environmental conditions. In general, the nature of the equipment and facilities found in a network operations center are not compatible with the uses found in the Central Plant Building. In early decision was made to separate the NOC into its own structure, with the added benefit that the construction of the NOC, while robust, does not need to be built to hold up the loads found in the Central Plant Building. The NOC must not be located near electrical power supply transformers, motors, generators, x-ray equipment, radio transmission antennas, induction heating devices, and other potential sources of electromagnetic interference. The size of the NOC depends on the size and variety of the equipment to be installed and the gross ASF the NOC will serve both at the campuss commencement and at its ultimate occupancy. In addition the NOC may need to support current and future technologies simultaneously during periods of systems transition. Within the University system, it is common to operate both old and new technologies for extended periods as funding is sought to build out what was initially deployed as a pilot program The NOC must provide enough space for all planned equipment and cables, including any NOC related environmental control equipment, power distribution/conditioners, and uninterrupted power supply systems that will be installed there. The NOC must also provide space for access to the equipment for maintenance and administration, and for equipment changes with minimal disruptions. At present, given the undeveloped state of campus IT infrastructure requirements, we are referencing the NOC facilities of the other UC campuses. At U.C. Davis, with a student population approximately equal to the ultimate build-out of UCM, the NOC machine room and the support space for technical staff directly assigned to NOC duties occupies 7,500 square feet. The campus staff of 14 housed in the building is solely dedicated to supporting the NOC equipment - of the 7,500 square feet, this staff space occupies 3,500 square feet. Based on this comparable precedent, we recommended the ability to provide an 8,000 square foot NOC facility for the new campus. In response to the very low utilization the
5.4.6.4 NOC Environmental Constraints - General
5.4.6.5 The Size of the NOC
space would receive in the early years of its use due to the small campus size, the Design Team opted to design the space at half of its ultimate build out requirement, while preserving the option to expand the facility to the west as the need arose. Services that could not be moved, such as the ductbank entries, were placed at the east end of the building. Initially, staff space was placed at the west end of the building and the space in the middle was allocated to machine room uses. Architecturally it was determined that access to the length of the north wall provided better staff space. As a result, the final design places ductbank termination at the east, staff to the north and machine room to the south. LEC and CLEC terminal spaces are placed were CLEC and LEC employees can access their MPOE and terminal equipment racks without a need to enter the campus machine room floor, preserving the security and integrity of those spaces. It is assumed that in order to expand the machine room floor in the future, staff space will be relocated to the west expansion space, with expanded machine room uses extending north and west.
5.4.7 Detailed Design Considerations
The factors that must be considered when designing the NOC:

5.4.7.1 Architectural
General A 2-hour minimum construction is required for asset protection, even where Code permits lesser construction means. Doors and Hardware Provide double doors at all NOC Machine Room. Such doors on must be double doors that are 6 feet wide by 7 feet, 6 inches tall. The doors shall be provided with the following security measures: Card Reader on active leaf connected to building security systems accessible only to the IT Department. Door Position Switch on all leafs connected to building security systems. Door(s) must open outward Access shall allow for future equipment changes. Ceiling The room shall not have a finished ceiling unless required for fire resistance or environmental reasons The minimum clear vertical height in the NOC must be 12 feet. Ceiling protrusions, including beams, shafts, ducts, sprinklers and similar must be placed to assure a minimum clear height of 12 feet to provide space over the equipment frames for cables and suspended cable trays and runway. Floor The floor must be smooth, level and constructed of sealed concrete or tile to minimize dust and static electricity. Provide for a dead load of 200 PSF under the equipment racks, 50 PSF elsewhere. All other room surfaces to be light in color and treated to minimize dust creation.
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5.4.7.2 Mechanical
This space is, by almost every definition, a specialized area. These rooms will house sensitive electronic components that will generate heat 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, and must be cooled to maintain operating performance. Design NOC mechanical systems to maintain: Positive air pressure relative to other building areas and cooling even during times when the main building systems are shut down. This may require separate air handlers and/or small stand-alone cooling systems that are thermostatically controlled in this space. Room temperatures between 64E F and 80E F. Relative humidity must be kept between 30% to 55%. The air handling systems to be connected to the building's backup power generation system. The design heat load is 6,000 BTUs per hour per server electronic cabinet (equipment rack).
5.4.7.3 Electrical
Lighting The lighting in the NOC machine and cable termination areas must provide a minimum equivalent of 50 foot-candles when measured 3 feet above the finished floor. The light fixtures must be mounted a minimum of 11 feet above the finished floor. The light switches must be located near the entrances of the NOC. As the machine room floor will be often unoccupied for long periods of time, consider occupancy sensors positioned to reliably detect workers in the rack aisles. Power Distribution Power for the lighting must not come from the same circuits as power for the telecommunications equipment floor. Connect NOC lighting and equipment circuits to the Building Emergency Power provided to the building. Do not rely on power conduit for power ground - provide dedicated ground conductor. Rack Power
Each rack must be equipped with a minimum of two dedicated 3-wire 20A, 120V AC outlets as follows. Each shall be: - on a separate branch circuit - 20-ampere rated, - provided with quad NEMA 5-20R receptacles - conductors and conduit sized to permit future upgrade to 30A service if required. - installed at +24" AFF - located on non-switched circuits - identified and labeled. Additionally, for each group of racks (up to 5 racks) provide a 15A convenience circuit mounted at 10'-6" above the center of the rack ensemble
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Backboard Power Separate duplex NEMA 5-15R 120V AC convenience outlets (for tools, test sets, etc.) must also be installed at 18 inches AFF at 6-foot intervals around perimeter walls. Grounding and Bonding The BDF must be provided with a Telecommunications Main Ground on a 4-inch or larger busbar connected to a main building ground electrode in accordance with ANSI/EIA/TIA607. The busbar to be mounted 6 feet, 6 inches above the finished floor if ladder racking is included in the design. If ladder racking is not part of the design, the busbar must be located near, but not behind, the riser sleeves between floors. Bond all racks, cable runway, tray and similar metallic surfaces to the busbar in accordance the California Electric Code Article 250-G. Acoustic Noise Acoustic noise levels in the NOC must be maintained to a minimum by locating noisegenerating equipment outside the BDF. Interior Noise Levels due to building systems and other sources of intrusive noise not to exceed RC-50.
Campus Distribution System
5.4.8
5.4.8.1 Pathways
General Requirement for Pathways
Consistent with current information system distribution standards, and not withstanding the provision for wireless data distribution on campus (described herein below), it is assumed that cabling will serve as the principal means of distributing information between buildings and other large information systems nodes on campus. A ubiquitous and expandable network of pathways to distribute such cabling to all points of interest is therefore required. Fail Safe - Since cabling systems and the information they carry are susceptible to total loss of service in the event of physical damage, protective means are necessary to protect the cabling systems. The principal means of achieving sustained service in the event of an outage include: Hardened Pathways - The principal means of preventing outages is to place the cabling in pathways hardened to prevent disruption. Commonly practiced means of achieving this are described below. Diverse Routes - Diverse routes provide a means for the signal to arrive at the intended destination despite loss of the primary means of connection of the transmitter with the receiver. To ensure uninterrupted service, all campus structures larger than 10,000 ASF will be served with dual underground service means fed from the NOC and the failover WAN connections by unique N+1 pathways. Routing
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NOC to ADF and ADF to BDF pathways to provide direct means of connection. It shall not be acceptable to link to a BDF through another BDF. Connection to site features such as wireless access points, shall be made to the nearest ADF. Such devices shall not be supported off BDF facilities unless directly associated with the building. Ductbank Construction There are four principal means of outside plant cabling distribution in common usage Underground Ductbanks Utility Tunnels Direct Burial Aerial Of these four: The first two - Underground Ductbanks and Utility Tunnels - provide protection to the cabling itself and are suitable for core campus distribution. The second two means do not provide protection and are not appropriate to core campus distribution. In addition to providing no protection to the cabling, Direct Burial Distribution provides no opportunity for future upgrades without total replacement of the cabling at an equivalent cost of the placement of the original cabling. Direct burial cabling is not a recommended distribution means for this campus By reason of its limited aesthetic appeal and vulnerability to damage, combined with the absence of pole infrastructure installed to support other utilities, aerial plant cabling is not appropriate for core campus distribution. Should the campus infrastructure follow more rural standards in areas of future development, aerial cabling used in conjunction with redundant routing could be used to extend service into those areas Underground Pathway Description A graphical description of the proposed pathways, including general ductbank sizing, is presented on the drawings. What follows is a discussion of the general construction criteria associated with the development of the ductbanks. Utility Tunnels: Utility tunnels used in common with other campus utilities will be the principal means of outside plant distribution at UCM in Phase 1. Typically these will take the form of multiple rows of 18" non-metallic cable trays placed on support arms placed perpendicular to one wall of the utility tunnel, above water and steam services, and wherever possible, opposite the electrical services. The general arrangement is detailed on the plans. Access to the communications pathways and media will be provided by: placing copper splice cases, where used, on the walls of the utility tunnels, and by using grade level vaults, where transitions to underground ductbank (as described below) are required.
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Benefits - Combined placement of campus communications infrastructure in the Utility Tunnels on campus provides the following benefits: Pathway Protection. Robust construction of tunnel casing provide primary protection of communications cable tray, which in turn, protects the communications cabling. Pathway Accessibility. Communications cable trays remain accessible after placement, making it possible to add and remove both fill, splices and, if necessary, conduits at a future time. The option to add and/or remove conduits, to add gross additional fill, and to inspect the entire pathway is unique to utility tunnel construction. Large cross-sectional area. The large area of a utility tunnel offers sufficient space for access to splice cases and pulling irons. Underground construction cost. Cost of underground construction of principal pathway between buildings is shared across multiple utilities. Limited alternative space. Since the proposed utility tunnels will occupy most of the available right-of-way in the streets of the core campus, any alternative distribution means would have limited cross-sectional area within with to work. Obstacles: The principal negative issues associated with the placement of underground infrastructure in common with other services in utility tunnels are the increase hazards due to proximity to other utility services, including steam, high KVA electrical power and gas. Coordination of the layout of tunnel section by the UCM Infrastructure design team will be necessary to ensure that power is delivered as a balanced delta distribution and that it is separated from copper based communications media at sufficient distances (12 minimum) to prevent induced noise. In addition, the all-underground utility placement shares common environmental hazards, including the dangers of environmental gases and the associated personnel safety issues, flooding and streetwork on the roadways above and potential for fire within the utility tunnel. Appropriate design professionals within the UCM Infrastructure design team will need to address these concerns in the design of the utility tunnel. Encased Ductbanks Where communications pathway routes diverge from those provided by the campus utility tunnel system, underground ductbanks will be placed. Typically these will consist of multiple runs of 4" diameter communication conduits placed in a 3" minimum 3000 psi concrete encasement 3" minimum to all sides, 30-36" below grade. In paved areas of campus and where shallow landscape is planned, backfill above the 3000 psi encasement will consist of 2 sack cement slurry to within 12" of the finish grade. Where deep landscape planting are proposed, native backfill compacted up to 95% are required. Access to be provided using utility grade manholes in streets and parking lots, H-20 loadrated type boxes in hardscape areas and landscape areas.
Benefits Limited exposure to environmental and other utilities induced hazards. Encased Ductbanks provide a means of separation from the hazards cited above associated with placement in a common utility tunnel
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Disadvantages Limited Fill Access. No access to the fill except at vaults and manholes. No Pathway Access. No access to replace pathway except through destruction of the hardscape. Vaults present a large visual break on the surface scape of the Project. The Phase 1 design will exclusively use manholes, except at incidental locations, such as in front of the Pump Station. Cost. Communications infrastructure bears entire cost of developing underground route necessary to provide communications.
Canal Crossings The existing canal infrastructure will need to be crossed on bridges at several points in order to create the topology presented on the plans. Ductbank approaches to the planned bridges terminate in manholes well beyond the ends of the bridge, clear of the abutment footings to permit maximum access for future bridge repair and modification. To the degree possible, spare ductbank penetrations will be placed through bridge abutments to permit future expansion of communications service using these routes. Pathway Connections and Termination Maintenance Holes & Vaults Manholes are required wherever the pathway is in the roadway and the communications ductbank diverges from the steam tunnel route. The design basis in an SBC type PTS-65 without a concrete surround ring to minimize the aesthetic impact on the hardscape. The design team has expressed a desire to use manholes in lieu of vaults throughout the core areas of the Phase 1 campus to reduce the visual impact of the large vault lids. Vaults (3x5 or larger) can be used outside of the core Phase 1 area where the communications ductbank is not in a road and the box is not visible to the public. At hardscape and landscape, provide an H-20 vault lid. Otherwise, provide a pedestrian rated lid. All box lids to be provided with lifters to facilitate maintenance. Requirements for single and dual entries by building type, size and usage. All Phase 1 Buildings large than 10,000 ASF, including non-State funded to be equipped with dual entries attached to separate ADF/MPOE distribution conduit infrastructures. For all buildings, larger than 10,000 ASF, the minimum entrance is 4-4" C.
5.4.8.2 Cabling Systems
General Campus cabling systems to provide a flexible means of distribution from the NOC to the ADF, and from the ADFs to the BDF capable of distributing all common information formats. Pending selection of a campus voice architecture by the campus, two cabling formats are supported
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Fiber. Combinations of single-mode and multimode cabling are supported in general ratios of 2 SM strands to each MM strand provided. Tight buffer fiber cabling is supported as a campus standard to conserve ductbank cross-section. High Pair Count Copper. To enable use of central battery backup to the voice systems and to reduce the numbers of satellite locations where voice processing and backup occurs, outside plant rated underground voice cabling is supported as a campus standard using RUS approved construction. Work of the communications project will also provide the communications cabling to the campus bluelight phone distribution in order to integrate it within the overall communications wiring plan. Outside Plant Cabling Formats that are not supported The current campus cabling standard does not support the introduction of broadband CATV coaxial cabling. Where broadband video distribution is required, single-mode fiber to be employed for its transport. Splice Cases Copper. Outside plant telephone splice cases are used to conserve ductbank cross-section. Splices to be gel filled, re-enterable, RUS approved. At building interiors, conform to the CEC for the maximum length of unlisted cable exposed in the building. For all pair counts greater than 100 pair, provide a transition splice case before termination on lightening protectors. Provide lightening protectors at both ends of each voice plant cable. Fiber. Splicing of fiber to be accomplished at ADF and BDF facilities only. No underground fiber splicing is permitted. Provisions for Wireless Access Point Nodes Function. Wireless access points to be developed at natural gathering places within the site beyond the reach of building hosted systems in accordance with the campuss stated desire to over wireless access outside of the core building envelopes. Requirements. Each such location will require fiber service back to an ADF, local power, room for terminations and access point hardware and a suitable support structure to attach the access point antenna. For design, assume a device weight of 10 pounds, with a projected area (windage area) of 1 square foot. The current security design assumes placement of campus bluelight telephones at 300 feet on center. Because these will already require communications cabling and power connection, SFMI recommends that a consolidated Wireless Access Point assembly be introduced at every other bluelight phone, except where they are adjacent to buildings (which are covered by their own Wireless Coverage patterns). This distribution will be evolved as the bluelight phone plan becomes available. Procurement of the wireless access nodes will be by the campus the infrastructure will only create a space where they may be mounted.
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5.5
Natural Gas Distribution System (K/J)

There are no existing natural gas supply and distribution facilities within the main campus area. The only identified supplier of the natural gas to the campus area is Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E), who owns and maintain a high-pressure gas pipeline along State Highway 99. It is anticipated that natural gas for the campus area will be supplied from this existing pipeline. A new high-pressure transmission pipeline could be installed from this existing pipeline to the campus. The ownership, installation and maintenance of this off-site pipeline shall be by PG&E. The proposed route for the new off-site pipeline is from the existing Highway 99 pipeline, to Arboleta Drive, to Yosemite Avenue, to Lake Road to the Campus. The approximate length of this off-site pipeline is six miles. From the point of terminus of the off-site pipeline, the gas system that extends into the campus area shall be installed, owned, and maintained by UC Merced. The pressure of the gas will be reduced prior to entering the Campus gas system. The gas regulating and primary metering station shall be installed on the Campus in the vicinity of the intersection of Lake Road and Bellevue Road.
5.5.2 Analysis Methodology Development of Campus Gas System
5.5.2.1 Selection of the Campus Gas System Computer Model
The campus gas system was modeled with KYGas, a program for analysis of pressure and flow in a gas distribution network. KYGas was developed at the University of Kentucky.
5.5.2.2 Gas Source
The only source for the natural gas system for the campus area is the high-pressure line along Highway 99, owned and maintained by PG&E. Connection to this gas line was described above in Section 5.5.1, Existing Conditions. The natural gas pressure in the new off-site pipeline is not known at this time. However, the new pressure regulating and metering station, located at the connection to the off-site line, will reduce the gas pressure in the Campus system to 15 psi.
The Build-out (2035) Campus area will be divided into two main areas: residential and academic. Gas for heating the residential area will be supplied directly from the Campus gas system. The three central plants will use gas to heat the academic areas. Therefore, the gas distribution demands will be developed within the residential area and at the three central plants. An additional gas demand will be provided to the first central plant for a future power cogeneration facility. The first central plant will be located near the Phase 1 Science and Engineering, Classroom and Library Buildings in accordance with the 2008 Campus site layout.
5.5.3 Gas Demands
The UC Merced Energy Group performed the energy efficiency study for the Campus, and as a result updated the UC Merced energy load projections for the Main Campus Area. According to these projections, the maximum gas demand for the 2008 Campus is 200 Th/hr, and 1100 Th/hr for the Campus at Build-out. For modeling purposes, these Campus demands are broken down into residential demands (70% of the total Campus demand) and academic (30% of the total Campus demand). The academic demands are used at the central plants for on-site heating hot water and steam generation. In the future, the central plant may also provide on-site power
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generation. See Chapter 2 for a discussion of the central plant gas demands. See Table 2.2-2 for a detailed break down of gas demands.
5.5.3.1 Maximum Gas Demands for Phase 1 (2004 and 2008)
The maximum gas demand used for modeling the 2004 Campus is 120 Th/hr. The required gas demand for the residential area for this phase is 85 Th/hr, which is 70% of the Campus maximum gas demand. The total residential gas demand is divided among the residential blocks in the 2004 Campus Area according to each blocks proposed building development area. The remaining 35 Th/hr of the Campus demand represents the gas demand for the academic area and will be used at the first central plant supplying the academic area. As mentioned earlier, the maximum gas demand for the 2008 Campus is 200 Th/hr. The required gas demand for the residential area for this phase is 140 Th/hr. The total residential gas demand is divided among the residential blocks in the 2008 Campus Area according to each blocks proposed building development area. The remaining 60 Th/hr of the Campus demand represents the gas demand for the academic area and will be used at the first central plant supplying the academic area. The gas demands per block area for Phases 2008 and 2004 are displayed in the Campus Natural Gas Distribution System Appendix (Table 2).
5.5.3.2 Maximum Gas Demands for Build-out (2035)
The maximum gas demand used for modeling the Campus layout at Build-out is 1,100 Th/hr. 70% of the maximum gas demand will be supplied to the residential area directly from the gas system. Therefore, the total gas demand for the residential area is 770 Th/hr and will be distributed within the residential area according to the block building development areas. The gas system network, developed for the Build-out Campus, is not detailed at this design phase. The whole residential area for the Build-out layout was associated to six nodes. The relationship between nodes and block areas is shown on the 2035 Build-out Map in the Campus Natural Gas Distribution System Appendix. Each shaded area is related to a node. The gas demands for the Build-out layout are included in the Campus Natural Gas Distribution System Appendix (Table 1). The central plants will use the gas allocated for academic demands for heating the entire academic area of the Campus at Build-out. The gas demand for the academic area will be 330 Th/hr and will be distributed among the central plants equally. The first central plant may have additional gas demands for on-site power generation. Its total gas demand will be 1,010 Th/hr. This amount includes gas needed for on-site power generation (900 Th/hr) and for the gas supply for the academic area (110 Th/hr) it serves. Demands for the other two central plants are 110 Th/hr per plant. Therefore, the total maximum gas demand used for modeling the Build-out system is 2,000 Th/hr.
All pipelines in the gas system will use polyethylene piping, with roughness factor of 0.140 millifeet. The diameter range for the gas piping is 4 inches to 10 inches. The first two pipeline segments, from the pressure reducing and metering station (Node S1) to Node N2 have diameter of 10 inches. From Node N2 to the first central plant, the diameter for the two main pipelines is 8 inches. The pipe in the main loop (through residential and academic area at Build-out) is 8 inches in diameter.
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Future ground elevation was adopted as the pipeline modeling elevation through the whole system, except when crossing the canals. Bridges will be built at both locations where the gas system crosses Le Grand Canal. The gas piping will cross on the bridges and, therefore, ground elevation was adopted as pipe modeling elevations. The same situation exists at the northwest campus crossing of the Fairfield Canal. No bridge will be built at the southeast crossing of the Fairfield Canal. The crossing of the gas pipe at this location, therefore, will be under the canal by jack and bore. The pipe invert will be 6.5 feet below the bottom of the canal.
5.5.5 Design Results Gas Network Analysis
5.5.5.1 Gas Analysis Results Build-out (2035)
The gas modeling results for the Campus at Build-out are presented in the Campus Natural Gas Distribution System Appendix (Table 3 and Table 4). Table 3 lists all nodes used in the model. Some of the nodes are junction nodes and have demands and pressure results. Some nodes are just direction nodes (with no demands), so only pipe elevations are given. The name for each node is related to the block name and number given in the Campus Master Plan. Nodes R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6, located in residential areas, are related to more then one block per node. The area with blocks related to each of those nodes is shown on the map of the whole campus area in the Build-out Natural Gas System. Table 4 lists all pipes, beginning and ending nodes for each pipe, pipe lengths, diameters, flows, and velocities. The high pressure in the transmission main at the point of entrance to the Campus system will be reduced to 15 psi. The gage pressure at the first central plant will be 13.43 psi. The node title for this central plant is P1. The second central plant (P2), located to the northwest of the first central plant, will have a gage pressure of 13.73 psi. The third central plant, located to the northeast of P1, will have a gage pressure of 13.52 psi. The minimum gage pressure in the system is 13.32 psi, at Node R5. The gas system will have pressure reducers before entering each residential building. The maximum velocity in the whole system is in the pipe P-6, between the Nodes N2 and N5. The velocity for this pipe is 76.26 ft/s. The average velocity is 18.11 ft/s.
5.5.5.2 Gas Analysis Results Phase 1 (2004 and 2008)
The detailed results of gas modeling for the 2008 and 2004 Campus site layouts are presented in the Campus Natural Gas Distribution System Appendix (Table 5 and Table 6). The diameters and the lengths of pipes and the demands and elevations of the nodes are the same as for the campus at Build-out. The model for the 2004 and 2008 Campus layouts are based on 15 psi at the gas reducing and metering station. The gage pressure at the Node P1 (the first central plant) for the 2008 Phase is 14.13 psi, and 14.53 psi for the 2004 Phase. The maximum velocity in the system for 2008 Phase is 34.7 ft/s and 23.52 ft/s for the 2004 Phase. The demands for the nodes included in the 2008 and 2004 Phases and are the same as for the campus at Build-out.
5.5.6 Proposed Gas Distribution System
5.5.6.1 Build-out (2035)
The proposed natural gas distribution system for the Build-out Campus is shown on the Build out Natural Gas System (2035) drawing in the Campus Natural Gas Distribution System Appendix. Pipe and node data can also be found in the Campus Natural Gas Distribution System Appendix (Table 3 and Table 4).
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5.5.6.2 Phase 1 (2004 2008)
The pipe and node data are based on the conceptual layout as shown on the Phase 1 Natural Gas System (2004 2008) drawing in the Campus Natural Gas Distribution System Appendix. The complete natural gas system design for the Phase 1 Campus is shown on the Utility Plans and Natural Gas System Profiles on the Bid Package 3 and 4 Drawings. Pipe and node data can be found in the Campus Natural Gas Distribution System Appendix (Table 5 and Table 6).
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5.6
Chilled Water Distribution System (K/J)

There are no existing chilled water supply or distribution facilities located within the Main Campus area.
5.6.2 Analysis Methodology Development of Campus Chilled Water System
The campus chilled water system was laid out and sized to serve the ultimate service area of the first central plant node to ensure that the network constructed during Phase 1 would be adequate for future use. Then the hydraulic conditions of the Phase 1 and Build-out systems were assessed. The ultimate service area of the first central plant node is comprised of the blocks and buildings indicated in the Site Development and Infrastructure for Plant Node 1, Utility Loads Table (included in the Campus Chilled Water Distribution System Appendix, Table 1). Model junction elevation data were obtained from contours displayed in the following drawings, developed by Sandis Humber Jones: Grading.dwg, dated July 20, 2001; and Pcontours.06.26.01.dwg, dated July 26, 2001. The network layout was superimposed on the grid as it appears in the drawing developed by Skidmore Owings & Merrill entitled buildout.dwg, dated August 9, 2001.
5.6.2.1 Selection of Campus Water System Computer Model
Haestad Methods Cybernet, version 3.1, which interfaces with AutoCAD 14, was selected for analysis of the chilled water distribution system.
5.6.2.2 Water Sources and Pumps
Chilled water will be supplied by the central plant. Circulating chilled water will serve each of the academic and residential buildings in the ultimate service area.
The chilled water distribution system was sized to serve the ultimate service area of the first central plant node. The system was configured to adequately convey demands within the minimum pressure (Pmin) and maximum pressure (Pmax) range while trying to remain below the maximum velocity (Vmax). A Phase 1 model scenario was then constructed to ensure that pipe diameters required for the ultimate service area were appropriate for Phase 1 demands.
5.6.3 Campus Water Demands
Chilled water demands originate from the Site Development and Infrastructure for Plant Node 1, Utility Loads Table (see Chilled Water Distribution System Appendix) and were distributed among hydraulic model junctions.
The initial system layout was determined based on the following design criteria and assumptions, which are based on typical criteria for other campuses and the Central Plant thermal energy storage tank design. References are listed at the end of the section.
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Parameter HGLmin (ft) Pmax (psi)* Vmax (fps)
Value 325 15 10
* Pmax refers to the pressure drop across the heat exchanger coils in the most remote building in the chilled water system. All piping in the chilled water system is assumed to be pre-insulated welded steel pipe. During the modeling, the system pipe diameters were allowed to range from 8 inches to 20 inches. From the central plant, through the utility tunnel, both supply and return system pipes were set at 20 inches in diameter. This assumption was made based on the pipe sizing requirements for the central plant area (see Section 2). The insulation system for the utility tunnel noted in Paragraph 6.4.1 does not indicate the insulating material to be used. Assuming that the system will use pre-formed fiberglass insulation (the standard product listed in the California Energy Commission Efficiency Standards - Title 24), the insulation specified in Paragraph 6.4.1 far exceeds the Title 24 requirements. Moreover, for the chilled water system, the insulation is twice that required to meet Title 24 requirements. Outside of the utility tunnel, the steel carrier pipe will be insulated with closed cell polyurethane foam insulation, encased in a FRP jacket. This system is more conducive for direct burial and provides equivalent insulating capability at a lesser material thickness. To provide insulation equivalent to that proposed for the utility tunnel, the chilled water system supply piping shall be provided with 2 inches of insulation and the return piping will be provided with 1 inch of insulation.
5.6.4.1 References
The University of California at Davis Health Sciences Infrastructure Project Predesign Report developed by Kennedy/Jenks Consultants, dated February 27, 2001.
5.6.5 Design Results Chilled Water Network Analysis
5.6.5.1 Hydraulic Analysis Results Build-out (2035)
The maximum pipe size in the system is 20 inches. Build-out results are as follows: Parameter Qnet (gpm) CHW Pump Suction HGL (ft) CHW Pump Discharge HGL (ft) Vmax (fps) Pmin (psi) Pmax (psi) Supply Line 5,095 325 391 6.87 26.8 71.5
Detailed results for the all pipes and pertinent junctions can be found in the Campus Chilled Water Distribution System Appendix (Table 4 and Table 5).
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5.6.5.2 Hydraulic Analysis Results Phase 1 (2004 2008)
Phase 1 results are as follows: Parameter Qnet (gpm) CHW Pump Suction HGL (ft) CHW Pump Discharge HGL (ft) Vmax (fps) Pmin (psi) Pmax (psi) Supply Line 1,660 325 375 5.39 30.7 66.8
Detailed results for the all pipes and pertinent junctions can be found in the Campus Chilled Water Distribution System Appendix (Table 2 and Table 3).
5.6.6 Proposed Chilled Water Distribution System
The chilled water distribution system was designed to accommodate the demands of the ultimate service area of the first central plant node to the extent that they are developed at this point. The hydraulics of the proposed system should be reevaluated in the future as the configuration of the Campus and its demand distribution is developed.
5.6.6.1 Build-out (2035)
The proposed chilled water distribution system for the Build-out Campus is shown on the Buildout Chilled Water Distribution System (2035) drawing in the Campus Chilled Water Distribution System Appendix. Pipe and node data can also be found in the Campus Chilled Water Distribution System Appendix (Table 4 and Table 5).
5.6.6.2 Phase 1 System (2004 2008)
The pipe and node data are based on the conceptual layout as shown on the Phase 1 Chilled Water Distribution System (2004 2008) drawing in the Campus Chilled Water Distribution System Appendix. The complete chilled water system design for the Phase 1 Campus is shown on the Utility Plans and Chilled Water System Profiles on the Bid Package 3 and 4 Drawings. Pipe and node data can be found in the Campus Chilled Water System Appendix (Table 2 and Table 3).
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5.7
Hot Water Distribution System (K/J)

There are no existing hot water supply and distribution facilities within the main campus area.
5.7.2 Analysis Methodology Development of Campus Hot Water System
5.7.2.1 Selection of the Campus Hot Water System Computer Model
The hot water system piping has been sized using Haestad Methods WaterCAD 4.5 hydraulic software, which interfaces with AutoCAD 2000.
5.7.2.2 Hot Water Source
Hot water for heating will be supplied by gas-fired boilers, located at the first central plant node. The central plant will be built during Phase 1 and will be located close to the Science and Engineering Building.
Circulating hot water for heating will serve each of the academic buildings in Phase 1 and proposed future development of the Campus Area. There will be no residential buildings served by hot water from the first central plant node.
5.7.3 Campus Demands
5.7.3.1 General Campus Demands
Based on energy targets established for the campus, an estimate of hot water loads for the first central plant node was developed. The estimated loads were developed in the Utilities Demand for Plant Node 1. The loads were developed for academic buildings in Phase 1 and the academic buildings for proposed future development of the Campus Area, all of which will be served by the first central plant node. For hot water modeling, both Phase 1 and future development loads were analyzed. The temperature for the hot water supply system is 210 F and for the return system is 120 F.
5.7.3.2 Maximum Hot Water Demands
Hot water demands for the academic area were developed based on estimated hot water loads in the Utilities Demand for Plant Node 1 chart and are listed in the Campus Hot Water Distribution System Appendix (Table 1). The first column in the Table 1 is adopted from the Utilities Demand for Plant Node 1 chart. In the second column, building loads are listed in gallons per minute based on a conversion factor of 0.0286 gallons per minute-per-million BTUs per hour. To provide a factor of safety, the maximum demand for each building was projected to be 20% higher than estimated building loads. These slightly higher maximum loads for individual building connection were also considered in model simulation. Maximum demands, related to model nodes, are listed in Table 1. Hot water piping connecting to the central plant was sized to accommodate the maximum flows for both Phase 1 and proposed future development of the Campus area. Heating hot water supply and return pipes near the Central Plant are 12 inch in diameter. The maximum supply
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and return flow used for hot water modeling simulation was 438 gpm for Phase 1 and 1,144 gpm for Build-out conditions.
All piping in the hot water heating system is assumed to be welded steel, with a friction factor e = 0.00085 feet. The pipe diameters range from 4 inches to 12 inches. From the central plant, through the utility tunnel, both supply and return system pipes are 12 inches in diameter. This assumption was made based on the pipe sizing requirements for the central plant area (see section 2.2.6.1 General). Proposed ground elevation was adopted as pipe modeling elevation through out the system. The model included 15 psi as the maximum pressure drop (between supply and return node) in the building farthest from the Central Plant. The insulation system for the utility tunnel noted in Paragraph 6.4.1 does not indicate the insulating material to be used. Assuming that the system will use pre-formed fiberglass insulation (the standard product listed in the California Energy Commission Efficiency Standards - Title 24), the insulation specified in Paragraph 6.4.1 far exceeds the Title 24 requirements. Outside of the utility tunnel, the steel carrier pipe will be insulated with closed cell polyurethane foam insulation, encased in a FRP jacket. This system is more conducive for direct burial and provides equivalent insulating capability at a lesser material thickness. To provide insulation equivalent to that proposed for the utility tunnel, the heating hot water system piping (supply & return) shall be provided with 2 inches of insulation.
5.7.5 Design Results Hot Water Network Analysis
5.7.5.1 Hydraulic Analysis Results Phase 1 (2004 2008)
The hot water modeling results for the Phase 1 layout are presented in the Campus Hot Water Distribution System Appendix (Table 2 and Table 3). Table 2 lists all pertinent nodes used in the model for Phase 1 and the junction results. Elevation, demand and pressure information are included in the table. Only nodes with demands are included. Table 3 lists all pipes, beginning and ending nodes for each pipe, lengths, diameters, discharge flows, and velocities for the Phase 1 Campus. The maximum pressure in the hot water supply system is 61.1 psi and the minimum pressure in the system is 37.2 psi. The maximum velocity in both supply and return systems is 4.53 ft/s.
5.7.5.2 Analysis Results Build-out (2035)
The hot water modeling results for Build-out are presented in the Campus Hot Water Distribution System Appendix (Table 4 and Table 5). Table 4 lists all pertinent nodes used in the model for Build-out and the junction results. Elevation, demand and pressure information are included in the table. Table 5 lists all pipes, beginning and ending nodes for each pipe, lengths, diameters, discharge flows, and velocities for the Build-out Campus. The maximum pressure in the hot water supply system is 68.9 psi and the minimum pressure in the system is 36.3 psi. The maximum velocity in both supply and return systems is 5.77 ft/s.
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5.7.6
Proposed Hot Water Distribution System Phase 1 (2004 2008)
The hot water distribution system was designed to accommodate the demands of the ultimate service area of the first central plant node to the extent that they are developed at this point. The hydraulics of the proposed system should be reevaluated in the future as the configuration of the Campus and its demand distribution is developed.
5.7.6.1 Build-out (2035)
The proposed hot water distribution system for the Build-out Campus is shown on the Buildout Hot Water Distribution System (2035) drawing in the Campus Hot Water Distribution System Appendix. Pipe and node data can also be found in the Campus Hot Water Distribution System Appendix (Table 4 and Table 5).
5.7.6.2 Phase 1 System (2004 2008)
The pipe and node data are based on the conceptual layout as shown on the Phase 1 Hot Water Distribution System (2004 2008) drawing in the Campus Hot Water Distribution System Appendix. The complete hot water system design for the Phase 1 Campus is shown on the Utility Plans and Hot Water System Profiles on the Bid Package 3 and 4 Drawings. Pipe and node data can be found in the Campus Hot Water Distribution System Appendix (Table 2 and Table 3).
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5.8
Recycled Water (K/J)

There are no existing recycled water supply and distribution facilities located within the Main Campus area. The existing and potential water recycling options for the Campus were addressed in the Conceptual Plan for Integrated, Water-related Infrastructure Systems, Nolte Associates, July 2000 and the Detailed Project Program for the UCM Site Development and Infrastructure Project, Arup, April 2001. Pertinent information from these studies is summarized below. The City of Merceds existing wastewater treatment facility discharges treated water that is currently recycled for irrigation of fodder crops and maintenance of a duck club and wetland area. These recycled water uses occur either downstream or in the general vicinity of the existing treatment facility. The City does not have a recycled water distribution system that extends to the north Merced area near the Campus. The recycling of treated wastewater for non-potable uses on the Campus conserves valuable fresh water and has been identified as an important sustainable design infrastructure component for the UCM Campus. California allows a wide variety of recycled water uses including landscape irrigation and toilet flushing. The state regulations (Title 22) require different levels of wastewater treatment for different recycled water end uses. Treating to the highest level in Title 22 (unrestricted use) allows for the greatest number of recycled water end uses. A number of recycled water use strategies have been evaluated. The Conceptual Plan for Integrated, Water-related Infrastructure Systems has recommended that recycled water be used for landscape irrigation, cooling towers, and toilet flushing within institutional buildings. This would require wastewater treatment at a centralized facility designed to produce the high quality recycled water (unrestricted use design criteria) needed to comply with Title 22 regulations for these types of uses. This water recycling option is discussed further in the Recycled Water Sources and Pumps Section.
5.8.2 Analysis Methodology Development of Campus Recycled Water System
The irrigation system was configured and modeled for Build-out conditions. The Phase 1 portion was then separated and assessed for 2004 and 2008 conditions. The Phase 1 irrigation distribution system, therefore, is sized to convey flow in compliance with design criteria for 2004, 2008, and 2035 demand conditions.
5.8.2.1 Selection of Campus Recycled Water/Irrigation Distribution System Computer Model
Haestad Methods WaterCAD, version 4.5, which interfaces with AutoCAD 2000, was selected for analysis of the irrigation distribution system.
5.8.2.2 Recycled Water Sources and Pumps
The 2008 Campus irrigation distribution system will be supplied from the Citys municipal potable water system via the storage tank and booster pump station that will serve the campus potable water distribution system. Therefore, 2008 irrigation demands were applied to the potable water distribution system model to ensure pump station adequacy (see Potable Water Section below for pump station design discussion and criteria). The need for a source of recycled water to augment other Campus water supplies and to use in future environmental
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science and engineering research programs may justify the addition of an on-site recycled water treatment facility in a future phase of Campus development. The future recycled water treatment facility would operate at a variable flow rate by season, removing wastewater from the Campus wastewater collection system as needed, treating it to the States (Title 22) unrestricted recycled water use criteria, and diverting it for landscape irrigation, toilet flushing (if dual piping is provided in Campus buildings), cooling tower use and other non-potable water applications as needed. Solids from this facility may be discharged back to the wastewater collection system for processing at the Citys municipal facility. The size, siting and process design for this facility would be determined as part of a future phase of Campus development. The Build-out Campus irrigation distribution system was modeled and sized with a single source of potable water located at the Campus Support Area for Phase 1. The future addition of an on-site recycled water treatment facility could alter the proposed system sizing and layout. Design of the future on-site recycled water treatment facility should consider the significant site elevation change (92 feet). An additional source located closer to the systems higher elevations will provide better overall pressures throughout the system.
Demands were categorized as turf (grass) and non-turf (plantings other than grass) and modeled separately for each project year (2004, 2008 and 2035). Maximum and minimum pressures and maximum velocities were assessed for each of the six scenarios.
5.8.3 Campus Irrigation Demands
Turf and non-turf demands were provided in the Campus Master Plan Document. These values were factored assuming a 6-month irrigation season, a 6-hour turf irrigation period at night, and an 8-hour non-turf irrigation occurring in the evening and morning and not simultaneous with turf irrigation. The tables on which demand calculations were based appear in the Campus Recycled Water/Irrigation Distribution System Appendix (Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3).
5.8.3.1 Turf Demands
Total turf demands for Phase 1 and Build-out were split evenly among junctions located along open space perimeters.
5.8.3.2 Non-Turf Demands
The total non-turf demands for Phase 1 and Build-out were divided among the number of blocks in the respective system. Each block was assigned to a model junction and demands allocated accordingly. Because water reliability is not an issue in irrigation systems, looping was only performed where hydraulically necessary. Therefore several junctions receive flow from three or more blocks.
5.8.4.1 Design Criteria Phase 1 (2004 2008)
During Phase 1, the components of the water distribution system will have to support the recycled water distribution system. A future on-site wastewater treatment facility will better maintain the recycled water distribution system for Build-out conditions. Therefore the design
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criteria for Phase 1 is governed by the constraints of the potable water system and differs from the design criteria for Build-out. The minimum pressure (Pmin) is 55 psi. The maximum pressure (Pmax) is 90 psi. The maximum velocity (Vmax) is 10 fps.
5.8.4.2 Design Criteria - Build-out (2035)
The minimum pressure (Pmin) is 50 psi. The maximum pressure (Pmax) is 100 psi. The maximum velocity (Vmax) is 10 fps. A C-factor of 150 was applied to all hydraulic calculations
5.8.5 Design Results Recycled Water Network Analysis
5.8.5.1 Hydraulic Analysis Results Build-out (2035)
The proposed recycled water/irrigation distribution system operates within design criteria constraints. Based on hydraulic model results, a hydraulic grade line (HGL) or pressure head of 446 feet is required from a water source located at the Campus Support Node. A summary of relevant minimum and maximum values appears in the following two sections. Complete tables of hydraulic model results appear in the Campus Recycled Water/Irrigation Distribution System Appendix (Tables 12 through 15). The value Qnet is the total flow distributed among model junctions.
5.8.5.2 Turf Demands Hydraulic Analysis Results
Turf demands are considerably higher than non-turf demands and therefore governed the sizing of pipes to meet the minimum required system pressure. Velocities near 10 fps occur in two pipes that are directly downstream of the water source. Parameter Qnet (gpm) Pmin (psi) Pmax (psi) Vmax (fps)
5.8.5.3 Non-Turf Demands Hydraulic Analysis Results
2035 4724 49.9 99.2 9.85
Parameter Qnet (gpm) Pmin (psi) Pmax (psi) Vmax (fps)
2035 1939 59.3 101.7 4.04
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5.8.5.4 Hydraulic Analysis Results Phase 1 (2004 and 2008)
The proposed recycled water/irrigation distribution system operates within design criteria constraints. The sizing and layout of the piping system for Phase 1 and Build-out, performs such that the velocity is below 2 fps in many of the pipes. To prevent any sediment from clogging the sprinkler heads, a flushing program may need to be implemented throughout all phases of design. A summary of relevant minimum and maximum values appears in the following two sections. A complete table of hydraulic model results appears in the Campus Recycled Water/Irrigation Distribution System Appendix (Tables 4 through 11).
5.8.5.5 Turf Demand Hydraulic Analysis Results
A summary of relevant actual minimum and maximum values follows. A complete table of hydraulic model results appears in the Campus Recycled Water/Irrigation Distribution System Appendix. The value Qnet is the total flow distributed among model junctions. Parameter Qnet (gpm) Pmin (psi) Pmax (psi) Vmax (fps) 2004 292 60.5 79.2 0.61 2008 352 63.5 82.2 0.73
5.8.5.6 Non-Turf Demand Hydraulic Model Results

5.8.6
2004 147 60.6 79.2 0.31
2008 189 63.6 82.2 0.39
Proposed Campus Recycled Water/Irrigation Distribution System
The Build-out recycled water/irrigation system was designed to accommodate pressure constraints. The Build-out Campus irrigation distribution system was modeled and sized with a single source of water located at the Campus Support Area for Phase 1. The future addition of an on-site recycled water treatment facility could alter the proposed system sizing and layout. The hydraulics of the proposed system should be reevaluated in the future as the configuration of the Campus and its demand distribution is developed.
5.8.6.1 Build-out (2035)
The proposed recycled water distribution system for the Build-out Campus is shown on the Build-out Recycled Water/Irrigation Distribution System (2035) drawing in the Campus Recycled Water/Irrigation Distribution System Appendix. Pipe and node data can also be found in the Campus Recycled Water/Irrigation Distribution System Appendix (Tables 12 through 17).
5.8.6.2 Phase 1 System (2004 2008)
The pipe and node data are based on the conceptual layout as shown on the Phase 1 Recycled Water/Irrigation Distribution System (2004 2008) drawing in the Campus Recycled
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Water/Irrigation Distribution System Appendix. The complete recycled water/irrigation system design for the Phase 1 Campus is shown on the Utility Plans and Recycled Water System Profiles on the Bid Package 3 and 4 Drawings. Pipe and node data can be found in the Campus Recycled Water/Irrigation Distribution System Appendix (Tables 4 through 11, and Tables 18 and 19).
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5.9
Irrigation Main (K/J)

The irrigation system will initially be served by the potable water distribution system booster pump station, as recycled water will not be available to meet irrigation needs during Phase 1. The Build-out irrigation system was designed with its water source located at the Phase 1 Campus Support Node. The booster pump station design criteria are addressed in the Potable Water Section (5.10). The recycled water/irrigation distribution system demands and development are addressed in Section 5.8
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5.10
Potable Water (K/J)

Except for the water supply and distribution system serving the existing golf course in the Campus 2008 site, there are no existing water supply and distribution facilities located within the Main Campus area. The golf course system includes two groundwater wells of limited capacity (one for irrigation service and one for potable service to the golf course club house) and an irrigation storage pond with booster pump station feeding the golf course irrigation system. There is also a gravity connection from the Merced Irrigation Districts (MID) Fairfield Canal to the golf course pond. This connection has limited capacity and no guaranteed source of supply. The existing sources and potential suppliers of water to the Campus were addressed in the Conceptual Plan for Integrated, Water-Related Infrastructure Systems, Nolte Associates, July 2000. The information contained in this study is briefly summarized as follows: The MID collects surface water and distributes it for agricultural uses throughout Merced County. Lake Yosemite located to the northwest of the Main Campus is owned and operated by the MID. The lake feeds two canals, the La Grande Canal and the Fairfield Canal, that cross the Main Campus. At the present time, the canals are used seasonally for agricultural irrigation and flood control purposes. The Campus lies outside the MID service area. However, annexation into the MID service area could be considered to allow the MID to supply raw water to the Campus. Groundwater is also used throughout the region for both agricultural and urban water uses. The City of Merced currently uses groundwater for its municipal water supply system and groundwater is the recommended source of supply for urban uses in the Merced Water Supply Plan prepared in 1995 for the City and the County. The use of groundwater to supply the Campus water needs is considered viable from either on-Campus or off-Campus well fields or from the City of Merced.
5.10.2 Analysis Methodology Development of Campus Water System
The campus water system was laid out and sized for Build-out to ensure that the network constructed during Phase 1 would be adequate for future use, and then the hydraulic conditions of the Phase 1 system were assessed. Model junction elevation data were obtained from contours displayed in the following drawings, developed by Sandis Humber Jones: Grading.dwg, dated July 20, 2001; and Pcontours.06.26.01.dwg, dated July 26, 2001. The network layout was superimposed on the grid as it appears in the drawing developed by Skidmore Owings & Merrill entitled buildout.dwg, dated August 9, 2001.
5.10.2.1 Selection of Campus Water System Computer Model
Haestad Methods Cybernet, version 3.1, which interfaces with AutoCAD 14, was selected for analysis of the water distribution system.
5.10.2.2 Water Sources and Pumps
The primary source of water for the Campus is to be groundwater. This source may be supplemented in the future by use of raw water from the MID and recycled water generated onCampus or supplied by a municipal/regional water reclamation facility. These supplemental water supplies would be used for non-potable uses such as toilet flushing, cooling tower use or
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landscape irrigation. The sources of groundwater will be either from the Citys municipal system or from new on-campus or off-campus well fields developed, owned and operated by UCM or a regional water authority. The development of the groundwater supply would be phased to meet the needs of the developing Campus. Adequate lead-time in its development would be provided to ensure that this source would be available when needed by the Campus. If the Campus did develop its own groundwater supply, then it would comply with the groundwater management recommendations of the Merced Water Supply Plan. The water and irrigation distribution systems for Phase 1 will be supplied by a well-fed pump station located in the Phase 1 Campus Support Center. The pressure head, or hydraulic grade line (HGL) elevation required for a distribution system in compliance with design criteria was determined in the model and used in pump station design. For storage tank and pump station design criteria, see the Campus Water Distribution System Appendix. Fire hydrants will be provided throughout the system at the code-required spacing and fire department connections will be provided at each building in accordance with the local fire departments requirements. Reduced pressure backflow preventers will be installed at fire and irrigation service connections in accordance with health code requirements. Service to each building will be metered to ensure that water conservation goals are being achieved. Buried line valves will also be installed throughout the system so that system performance can be maintained when a pipeline segment must be taken out of service for maintenance or repair. The site elevation change (92 feet, or 40 psi) prohibits the use of a single well at Build-out. The ultimate water distribution system is such that an additional water source located on the eastern side of the campus is required to supply adequate pressure to that more elevated portion of the campus while minimizing the increase in pressure on the western side. Refer to the UC Merced Fire Protection Requirements Memorandum, dated 7 August 2001 and UC Merced Campus Water Supply Facilities Memorandum, dated 21 August 2001 in the Campus Water Distribution System Appendix for further discussion of the storage tank booster pump station capacity and design.
In order to assess maximum and minimum pressure, maximum velocity, and fire flow requirements, the following water system operational schemes were constructed as computer modeling scenarios: Year(s) 2004, 2035 2008, 2035 Demand Average day Peak Hour Parameter Maximum pressure Minimum pressure, maximum velocity
Irrigation demands were added to the 2008 peak hour and maximum day plus fire flow scenarios of the water distribution model as these demands are to be met by the same storage tank booster pump station throughout Phase 1. Both turf and non-turf demands were included in the hydraulic model in the form of a single junction (J-31) located nearby the water source. The adequacy of the booster pumps for both water and irrigation systems in Phase 1 was assured.
5.10.3 Campus Water Demands
Average daily demands for 2004, 2008, and 2035 were provided in the Campus Master Plan Document. The June 14, 2001, UC Merced-Block Massing Study Table, supplied a list of campus blocks with gross square footage and land use. With this data, a ratio of average daily
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demand to system area for each land use category and time increment was calculated. These ratios were multiplied by the gross square footage of each block. The contributing and resulting campus water demand tables are included in the Campus Water Distribution System Appendix (Tables 1, 2, 4, and 6 through 9).
5.10.3.1 Maximum and Peak Hour Demands
Average daily demands were peaked according to land use-specific peaking factors (see Design Criteria Section, below, for peaking factors) for maximum day and peak hour demands. These values were then combined by year (2004, 2008 and 2035). Blocks were then assigned to model network junctions and flows entered into the hydraulic model. Results of these calculations are tabulated in the Campus Water Distribution System Appendix (Tables 10 through 15).
5.10.3.2 Fire Flow and Sprinkler Demands
Fire flow was added to maximum day demands and a global fire flow analysis was performed in the hydraulic model. Fire flow was met at each junction, therefore, fire flow was assigned to a few individual junctions chosen in locations where pressure would be a minimum and velocity therefore a maximum. Pipes were upsized where necessary to meet velocity constraints. Sprinkler flow was analyzed with a scenario similar to a global fire flow run to ensure adequate pressure. See Design Criteria Section below for fire and sprinkler flow values.
The following design criteria and assumptions were based on typical criteria for other campuses. References are listed at the end of the section.
5.10.4.1 Peaking Factors
Peaking factors are generally higher for residential structures than they are for academic buildings. Therefore, factors were developed separately. Maximum Day Peak Hour Residential Buildings 2.0 3.0 Academic Buildings 1.3 25.
5.10.4.2
Flow Values
A fire flow of 3,000 gpm per building was superimposed on maximum day demands. The systems response was then assessed according to velocity and pressure requirements as appears in the following section. See the UC Merced Fire Protection Requirements Memorandum, dated 7 August, 2001, in the Campus Water Distribution System Appendix for additional information on fire flow requirements. A sprinkler flow of 1,500 gpm per building was superimposed on maximum day demands. The systems response was then assessed according to velocity and pressure requirements as appears in the following section.
5.10.4.3 Pressure and Velocity Criteria
The minimum pressure (Pmin) at street level at peak hour is 65 psi.

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The minimum pressure at street level at maximum day plus fire flow is 20 psi. The maximum pressure (Pmax) is 80 psi (if pressure exceeds 80 psi, pressure reducing stations are required by code at buildings). The minimum pressure at street level for sprinkler flow is 50 psi. The maximum velocity (Vmax) is 10 fps under normal operating conditions. The maximum velocity is 14 fps under fire flow plus maximum day conditions (sprinkler). The minimum pipe diameter is 8 inches. A C factor of 130 was applied to hydraulic calculations.
5.10.4.3 Assumptions
Deviations exist between the Build-out street grid displayed on the 7/23/01 drawing entitled bldout723.dwg contained on the ftp site ftp.com.com in the folder 7-2501\SCHEMATIC_UTILITY\P\500137\MstrPlan and that displayed on the June 13, 2001 Full Build-out Land Use Diagram entitled lu_bld.pdf developed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, assumptions were made about street layout during model development.
5.10.4.4 References
AWWA Water Distribution Systems Handbook The University of California at Santa Cruz Campus Water System Operational Analysis and Master Plan developed by Kennedy/Jenks Consultants, dated February 2000. The University of California at Davis Health Sciences Infrastructure Project Predesign Report developed by Kennedy/Jenks Consultants, dated February 27, 2001. The University of California at Berkeley East Campus Water Distribution System Study Final Report developed by Kennedy/Jenks Consultants, dated May 1993. The Stanford University Domestic Water Distribution Model Development, Static and Extended Period Simulation Draft Final Technical Memorandum developed by Kennedy/Jenks Consultants, dated June 23, 2000. California Fire Code.
5.10.5 Design Results Potable Water Network Analysis 5.10.5.1 Hydraulic Analysis Results Build-out (2035)
The proposed water distribution system operates in accordance with design criteria. In order to satisfy a fire flow of 3,000 gpm with a maximum fire flow velocity of 14 fps, in addition to a minimum peak hour pressure of 65 psi, the pipe sizing is such that the peak-hour velocity in many of the pipes is low (below 2 fps) for Phase 1 and Build-out. In order to assure acceptable water quality, the development of a flushing program is recommended at all phases of Campus growth. It should be noted that due to the site elevation change (92 feet, or 40 psi), the prescribed 15-psi pressure range of 65 psi minimum to 80 psi maximum was impossible to achieve. The system was therefore designed to accommodate the minimum pressure criteria for peak hour and fire flow. During future design phases, the pressures in excess of 80 psi should be addressed either through localized building regulating valves or via system zoning with pressure reducing valves. Such junctions are comprised of: the majority of those along and southwest of Town Center
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Drive as well as J-45 (block A10), just north of Town Center Campus Drive; J-68 (blocks I13 and J13), J-98 (block R10), J-115 (block S10), located in the southeast quadrant; J-101 (block P20) in the northeast quadrant; and J-57 (blocks D11 and E11) in the center of Campus. Junctions can be located on the figures within Proposed Water Distribution System Section. Build-out results are summarized as follows. The Qnet value indicates total flow demand that distributed among model junctions for a given operating condition. Average Day 1,417 65.3 105 1.3 Peak Hour 3,614 65.1 104 3.56 Operating Condition Maximum Maximum Day Maximum Day + Day + Fire Flow Sprinkler Flow 2,250 2,250+3,000 2,250+1,500 65.2 40.6 59.5 105 103 104 10.9
Detailed results for the all pipes and junctions can be found in the Campus Water Distribution System Appendix (Tables 20 through 23).
5.10.5.1.1. Peak Hour
The peak-hour scenario governed the setting of the HGL of the systems water source. For the Build-out scenario, an HGL of 453 feet is required.
5.10.5.1.2. Maximum Day Plus Fire Flow
The 10.9 feet per second velocity was a localized violation of the design criteria occurring only at fire flow and well under the 14 feet per second fire flow velocity maximum.
5.10.5.1.3. Sprinkler Analysis
A sprinkler pressure of 59.5 psi is achieved at street elevation.

5.10.5.2 Hydraulic Analysis Results Phase 1 (2004 and 2008)
The proposed water distribution system operates in accordance with design criteria. In order to satisfy a fire flow of 3,000 gpm with a maximum fire flow velocity of 14 fps, in addition to a minimum peak hour pressure of 65 psi, the pipe sizing is such that the peak-hour velocity in many of the pipes is low (below 2 fps) for Phase 1 and Build-out. In order to assure acceptable water quality, the development of a flushing program is recommended at all phases of Campus growth. The proposed water distribution system operates in accordance with design criteria. There are junction nodes in the residential area, however, in which pressures exceed 80 psi. Because building connections are not being planned in this area during this phase of design, pressure reducing valves should be considered at such locations for future building connections. Results for 2004 and 2008 are summarized as follows. The Qnet value indicates total flow demand that distributed among model junctions for a given operating condition. As explained in the Demands and Analysis Scenarios Section, irrigation demands were added to 2008 peak hour and maximum day plus fire flow operating scenarios of the model to ensure proper pump station sizing. The following tables display potable water demands only. For irrigation demands, refer to the Recycled Water/Irrigation Distribution System Section.
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2004 Hydraulic Results: Operating Condition Maximum Maximum Day+ Day Fire Flow 170 170+3,000 49.8 82.4
Parameter Qnet (gpm) Pmin (psi) Pmax (psi)
Average Day 70.5 65.3 84.8
2008 Hydraulic Results: Average Day 171 65.3 84.8 Peak Hour 437 65.2 84.7 1.0 Operating Condition Maximum Maximum Day Maximum Day + Day + Fire Flow Sprinkler Flow 256 256+3,000 256+1,500 65.3 55.7 62 84.7 82.4 84 12.3
Detailed results for the all pipes and junctions can be found in the Campus Water Distribution System Appendix (Tables 16 through 19).
5.10.5.2.1. Peak Hour
The peak hour scenario governed the setting of the HGL of the systems water source. An HGL of 406 feet is required for Phase 1.
5.10.5.2.2. Maximum Day Plus Fire Flow
The 12.3 feet per second velocity was a localized violation of the design criteria occurring only at fire flow and well under the 14 feet per second fire flow velocity maximum.
5.10.5.2.3. Sprinkler Analysis
A sprinkler pressure of 62 psi is achieved at the street level.

5.10.6 Proposed Water Distribution System
The Phase 1 system was designed to accommodate Build-out conditions, to the extent that they are developed at this point. The hydraulics of the proposed Build-out system should be reevaluated in the future as the configuration of the Campus and its demand distribution is developed.
5.10.6.1 Build-out (2035)
The proposed potable water distribution system for the Build-out Campus is shown on the Buildout Potable Water Distribution System (2035) drawing in the Campus Water Distribution System Appendix. Pipe and node data can also be found in the Campus Water Distribution System Appendix (Tables 20 25).
5.10.6.2 Phase 1 System ( 2004 2008)
The pipe and node data are based on the conceptual layout as shown on the Phase 1 Potable Water Distribution System (2004 2008) drawing in the Campus Water Distribution System
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Appendix. The complete potable water system design for the Phase 1 Campus is shown on the Utility Plans and Potable Water System Profiles on the Bid Package 3 and 4 Drawings. Pipe and node data can be found in the Campus Water System Appendix (Tables 16 19 and Tables 26 and 27).
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5.11
Site Lighting (Arup)

5.11.1 Lighting Criteria 5.11.1.1 Campus Standards for Site Lighting
The following standards have been developed through the collaborative efforts of: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Peter Walker and Partners, Arup, and the UC Berkeley Police Department. The basis for these standards is the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America Lighting Handbook, 9th edition. Pedestrian Corridors All pedestrian pathways adjacent to high activity roadways that are intended to facilitate nighttime traffic will be illuminated to promote a safe environment in an effort to deter criminal acts and nighttime accidents. The lighting will also serve as a guide for nighttime traffic to circulate throughout the campus. Pedestrian Pathways (without adjacent roadway) Unless pathways are intended to facilitate nighttime traffic they will not be illuminated. UC Merced will be responsible for determining those pathways intended to support nighttime activities. Roadways (adjacent to Pedestrian Pathways) Lighting equipment will be located so as to illuminate both pedestrian pathways and roadways whenever possible. Roadways (without adjacent Pedestrian Pathways) These areas will be illuminated to meet or exceed IESNA guidelines for roadway lighting. Parking Lots Parking lots will be illuminated to meet or exceed IESNA guidelines. Special circumstances such as security cameras and enhanced security areas will be addressed on an individual basis. Bridge & Canal Lighting The canal, which passes through the site, is not sensitive to spill light. Direct light onto canal waters is acceptable. Lighting will be used to facilitate nighttime pedestrian traffic to areas other than Fairfield Canal. Light Trespass & Light Pollution Because preservation of the dark sky is a priority, all site lighting equipment will not emit light at angles greater than 90o above nadir. Their will be no direct light spillage outside the area surrounding the campus. Fixtures that are adjacent to the boundaries of the campus will be equipped with house side shields to mitigate unwanted light spillage.
5.11.1.2 Established Site Lighting Criteria
Roadway
Commercial Intermediate/ Residential
Average Illuminance 0.9 [FC] 0.6 [FC]
Uniformity EAVG:EMIN 4 to 1 4 to 1
Commercial - A business area of a municipality where ordinarily there are many pedestrians during night hours. This definition applies to densely developed business areas outside, as well as within, the central part of a municipality. The area contains land use that frequently attracts a heavy volume of nighttime vehicular and pedestrian traffic.
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Intermediate - Those areas of a municipality characterized by frequent moderately heavy nighttime pedestrian activity, as in blocks having libraries, community recreation centers, large apartment buildings, industrial buildings, or neighborhood retail stores. Residential - A residential development, or a mixture of residential and small commercial establishments, characterized by few pedestrians at night. This definition includes areas with single-family homes, town houses, and small apartment buildings. 1
Sidewalks/ Pedestrian Pathways
Average Illuminance
Minimum Illuminance
Uniformity EAVG:EMIN
Typical .5 [FC] .2 [FC] 8 to 1 (Refer it IESNA Handbook for pedestrian areas with enhanced security considerations.)
Parking Lots
Average Illuminance
Minimum Horizontal Illuminance
Minimum Vertical Illuminance
Typical 1 [FC] .2 [FC] .1[FC] (Refer to IESNA Handbook, 2000 Figure 22-21 for parking lots with enhanced security considerations.)
5.11.2 Electrical Considerations
Supply an effective means of emergency backup for any areas where exterior lighting is critical. Power for site lighting fixtures shall be supplied by nearby buildings whenever possible in an effort to avoid having pad mounted transformers and panels throughout the campus. Fixtures shall be circuited in a staggered manner to minimize the number of fixtures affected in the event of circuit failure. Staggered circuiting can be used as an effective means to reduce light levels and conserve energy throughout the night.
5.11.3 Lighting Equipment and Associated Accessories 5.11.3.1 Lamps
Metal halide, ceramic metal halide and fluorescent lamps will be the campus standard light sources. Metal halide & ceramic metal halide lamps - will have an efficacy greater than 70 lumens per watt and a minimum CRI of 65, a CCT (correlated color temperature) of 4000-4100K is recommended. Fluorescent lamps - will have an efficacy greater than 65 lumens per watt and a minimum CRI of 80, a CCT of 4000-4100K is recommended.
5.11.3.2 Optics & Cutoff
All acceptable pole mounted luminaries for illuminating roadways and parking lots will be equipped with a full cutoff distribution.
1
IESNA LIGHTING HANDBOOK, Ninth Edition (2000)

Full Cutoff - luminaire light distribution where zero candela intensity occurs at an angle of 90 above nadir, and all greater angles from nadir. Additionally, the candela per 1000 lamp lumens does not numerically exceed 100 (10%) at an angle 80 above nadir. This applies to all lateral angles around the luminaire.1 All other site lighting equipment will mitigate light from passing directly into the night sky. A cutoff distribution that does not allow direct light from the lamp to be emitted at angles greater than 90o degrees above nadir is recommended.
5.11.3.3 Poles & Foundations
Poles heights throughout the campus shall be as follows: Roadway 18 pole Parking Lot 25 pole
Refer to architectural and electrical detail drawing sheets for pole foundation details.
5.11.3.4 Controls
Site lighting fixtures will be controlled locally through lighting control panels within nearby buildings or by other means around campus. The Central Plant will have global control over all site lighting fixtures through the Energy Management Control System, or EMCS. This will allow the university to tailor campus lighting for various nighttime activities, such as load shedding. The Central Plant will be equipped with a photocell so that lights can be activated by the EMCS in the event of an overcast day or other adverse weather condition.
5.11.4 Lighting for Central Plant and Facilities Buildings
These areas will be addressed individually with the following in mind: Utilize efficient light sources with good color rendering characteristics. (i.e. fluorescent, and metal halide with high color rendition) Work with architects and landscape architects to minimize any unwanted aesthetic impacts. Address maintenance issues as they affect lighting and specifying the appropriate equipment for the university maintenance practices. Meet or exceed IESNA guidelines and criteria
IESNA LIGHTING HANDBOOK, Ninth Edition (2000)

5.12
Security (CCG)
5.12.1 General Concepts
Security design concepts and measures relative to the Infrastructure Project.

5.12.1.1 UCM Security Program
The Security Program shall be a combination of physical security measures, modern stateof-the-art security system electronics, UCM approved policies and procedures, and a professional security force under the auspices of the University of California Police Department (UCPD). CATALYST Consulting Group, Inc. (CCG) is the security electronic systems consultant responsible for the infrastructure security development and specification of security system equipment for the UCM campus project. Additionally CCG will review and make recommendations to the A&E team for physical security measures, (such as security lighting, building security measures, etc.). Development of security related policies and procedures, and administration and management of the Security Program is the responsibility of the UCPD. Regarding security design and implementation of UCM approved security measures, it is the desire of CCG to coordinate with all related UCM Project Team members, particularly the University of California Police Department, Berkley Campus. Further development of the UCM Security Program, including staffing, department organization, and development of a Security Operations Center, will be undertaken by the University.
Security Systems Overview
5.12.1.2
The security system for the Campus shall be an integrated Access Control and Alarm Monitoring System (ACAMS), which utilizes access card reader technology for access control of secured areas and alarm monitoring of critical points, as coordinated with UCM and the A&E team. The ACAMS Server shall be provided as part of the Infrastructure Project and shall be located in the Telecom Room 001 in the Telecom Building. The ACAMS will communicate over the campus Ethernet backbone as developed by the Communications Engineer. Administration and control of the ACAMS shall be the responsibility of the UCPD, however decentralized administration shall allow individual University departments to manage their buildings and determine levels of access for users of their building though client workstations. The ACAMS has the capability to monitor the status of non-security related input points, (such as power generator status, boiler status, switch gear, water pumps, etc.). Specific monitoring points are to be determined. Secondary monitoring greatly increases the capability for response by UCPD. Security Call Stations will be strategically located at site locations, for emergency communication with the UCPD. Security Call Stations will be interfaced with the ACAMS to generate an alarm condition upon activation.
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At the behest of UCM, closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras are not planned for general surveillance of the site, i.e., Library Plaza, Library Green, Central Plant, parking lots, property entrances, etc.
Security Subsystem Components
5.12.1.3
5.12.1.3.1. Access Control and Alarm Monitoring System
Basic access control system components include: ACAMS server hardware, security system software, administration and monitoring ACAMS workstations, intelligent field controllers, door related devices (detailed below), and field devices related to the alarm portion of the monitoring system. An access control system provides an individually coded entry medium, which will allow selective entry into selected areas or buildings based on the users access level, time, and date. When a user leaves the educational institution (or is terminated for cause), his access privileges can be immediately revoked and updated to all related intelligent field controllers. The system will report unauthorized attempts, such as when a person tries to gain access with a disabled card, or when a person tries to gain access to an unauthorized area. Intelligent field controller(s) make the decision to grant or deny access and allow the host computer to distribute part of the processing load, thereby reducing the host's workload and network traffic. The field controller is located in a secure location and controls doors and inputs, which are directly connected (hardwired) to it. Intelligent field controllers communicate with the ACAMS Server over the campus Ethernet backbone. Card Reader controlled doors shall be configured for free egress, unless otherwise noted. Doors controlled by the access control system are programmed to automatically re-lock after the person enters, eliminating the need to rely on someone to lock the door behind them. Doors propped open are configured to report a door held open alarm allowing security to respond. Each card reader controlled door requires: a card reader, alarm contact, electrified lock hardware w/integral REX (request-to-exit) switch, electronic door power transfer hinge, electric lock power supply, relay outputs to provide controlled locking and unlocking of the door, and interface to the Fire System. The alarm-monitoring portion of the system is based on the activation of devices wired to the ACAMS intelligent field controller as input points. Upon activation of an input point, the ACAMS is programmed to respond to the event in a number of ways, based on priority levels for a particular alarm, (i.e., panic/duress alarms) and/or instructions for response to the alarm, and/or an output to automatically switch on cameras or other related devices. Basic alarm monitoring components include alarm contacts (doors), glass break sensors, motion detectors, request-to-exit (REX) devices, duress buttons, and other alarm inputs such as fire system status and building systems points (to be identified) for secondary monitoring by UCPD.
5.12.1.3.2. Security Call Stations
Security Call Stations shall be used to request emergency response, report suspicious activity, or request escort service. For the Infrastructure Project, security call stations are recommended at points along pedestrian pathways, parking lots, and along the canal pathways. The stations should be located at no more than 300 intervals in areas of pedestrian activity.
The security call station is a freestanding bollard style unit (approximately 8-6H x 12 dia.) and are ADA compliant. The intercom is a hands free, single button speakerphone, which automatically dials a pre-programmed number. Even if the person is unable to communicate, the location of the unit is transmitted to the receiving station. The station has a blue area light, which serves to identify the unit from great distances and a strobe light, which flashes when a call is placed. A concealed fluorescent light illuminates the speakerphone faceplate to facilitate locating and using the push button. Security Call Station communication will be monitored by UCPD personnel, temporary station to be located in the Telecom Building, Central Plant. A call from a Security Call Station will be addressed as an alarm input point on the ACAMS for data such as alarm response and audit trail purposes. The audio portion of the call will not be recorded by the ACAMS, unless otherwise directed by UCM.
Security Call Station can also be utilized by the campus wireless communication system as a permanent location of wireless transceiver equipment.
5.12.1.4 Security Systems Administration
The ACAMS server shall be located in the Telecom Room 001 in the Telecom Building, where environmental, network, and information security processes are maintained by UCM IT personnel. UCM IT personnel will also be responsible for all ACAMS system administration processes, such as back-ups, software updates (operating system and ACAMS software) and technical service. ACAMS server hardware specification will include a MS Windows based operating system on an Intel server platform. Raid Level 1 and Level 5 hard drive configurations will be incorporated into the server to allow fault tolerance. System growth/expansion to accommodate future campus growth and increased user demands shall be achieved by modular design of ACAMS components, decentralized administration (user control by department), and utilization of campus network for distributed communication to authorized users.
Campus Radio Communications System
5.12.1.5
A campus wide radio communications system is typically used by the Campus Facilities Group, Fire, and Security (UCPD) departments. Communications equipment, including facilities for a radio tower, antenna, etc., will be developed by the University. Radio communications systems are not specified by the security systems consultant, although the UCPD will be a user of the system. Scope of work and responsibility for a campus radio communications system is to be determined.
5.12.2 Central Plant
The ACAMS shall monitor and control access doors and alarm monitored points in both the Central Plant Building and Telecom Building. ACAMS Server to be located in Equipment Racks, Telecom Room 0M4. Reference 70% Design Security Plans, SE1.0, SE1.1, SE1.2, issued 12/14/01. Secondary monitoring of important mechanical processes or control points to be determined. Input point modules can be added to ACAMS intelligent field controller for expansion capability, as required. CCTV surveillance of the Central Plant is not planned.
5.12.3 Site
Security radio communications, see comments noted for Campus Radio Communications. Electrical Security equipment shall be connected to emergency power system. Electrical Underground security related conduit/raceway requirements will be specified to future campus buildings and site elements. Information Technology Network and bandwidth requirements for security systems will be specified when system selection is finalized. Secondary monitoring of important utility processes or control points, to be coordinated. Secondary monitoring of Fire Alarm System and Fire Sprinkler Systems, to be coordinated.
Security Lighting
5.12.3.1
5.12.3.1.1. Safety & Security Lighting
It is recommended that UCM Campus lighting be designed to incorporate general principals of Security Lighting, as follows: Integrate light into the total security system and thereby facilitate the effectiveness of other security devices or procedures.1 Illuminate objects, people, and places to allow observation and identification and thereby physically reduce criminal concealment.1 Use illumination to deter criminal acts by creating a fear of detection, identification, and apprehension.1 Reduce the fear of crime for the innocent by enhancing a perception of security.1 Security lighting is an essential and fundamental element in a well-established physical security program. Security lighting will serve as a deterrent to potential violators. Security lighting assists security personnel for identification purposes. According to a National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Research Brief, published in April 1996, lighting is one of the few facility features that has been documented to reduce crime.
5.12.3.1.2. Security Lighting Standards
The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) is the recognized technical authority on illumination. Through its technical committees, the IESNA publishes recommended practices regarding lighting applications (Security Lighting is one application), design guides, and technical memoranda. The Society also works with related organizations such as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), in the production of jointly published documents and standards. Until a new ANSI Security Lighting standard is formally adopted, the IESNA design guidelines is the most recognized reference for Security Lighting.
IESNA LIGHTING HANDBOOK, Ninth Edition (2000).

5.12.3.1.3. Security Lighting Applications
Campus areas for which security lighting of the Campus Infrastructure Project are primarily concerned with are: illumination of pedestrian walkways, trailways, jogging paths, parking lots, and outdoor areas where general illumination for safety and security are a primary concern.
Landscaping Landscaping Recommendations as Related to Security
5.12.3.2
A key concept of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design2 (CPTED) is natural surveillance, a design concept which promotes features which enable ones ability to view the space around them, maximize visibility, and thus increase ones awareness and reduce the vulnerability for crime. Landscaping, particularly type of tree or shrub, plant location, and growth patterns affect ones natural surveillance capabilities. The site landscaping plans illustrate tree type and an image of the mature tree. It is our opinion that the tree types shown on the plans will not obstruct natural surveillance, with the following comments: Plan to raise and maintain skirts of trees at a height of 6 to 8 (the higher, the better). Do not locate shrubbery or trees nearby a building so that when mature, they do not provide access to windows, upper terraces, fences, or roof areas. Additionally overgrown foliage can provide potential concealment of a perpetrator. Do not locate trees nearby light fixtures. A mature tree will obstruct the available light from the light fixture and create a strong shadow, which reduces the effectiveness of the light for security and safety purposes. Landscape material should not be allowed to become dense, which restricts the ability of light to penetrate landscaped areas. Sensible maintenance for foliage and limb removal can be achieved to balance security concerns and not disrupt the aesthetic value or atmosphere created by the landscape.
5.12.4 Security - Utility Tunnel
Man-door access to the Utility Tunnel: It is recommended that all access doors to the Utility Tunnel be monitored and controlled by the ACAMS. The campus facilities department shall control administration of access to the Utility Tunnel through client workstations.
Timothy Crowe, Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, Second Edition, (Butterworth Heineman, 2000)
6.
TECHNCIAL MEMORANDA UTILITY TUNNEL (K/J)

Utility tunnels serve the primary purpose of providing for below-grade access to critical utilities. The initial cost for placing utilities in a tunnel is generally higher than for the direct burial method. However, long-term maintenance costs are lower as a result of convenient access and reduced corrosion rates. Utility tunnels include provisions for ventilation, lighting, material access, drainage and people access, and egress. The following is a preliminary evaluation of the construction options for a utility tunnel on the UC Merced site.
6.1
Preliminary Evaluation of Tunnel Construction

Two basic construction methods are considered for construction of the utility tunnel: (1) tunneled or bored and (2) excavated from the surface (cut and cover). Based on the information obtained from existing soils reports, boring data and interviews with the geotechnical consultant, both tunneling methods appear to be feasible. A preliminary cost estimate was prepared to provide a comparison of the two alternatives. The following assumptions were included in the estimate:
6.1.1 Design and Construction Assumptions
The length of the tunnel will be about 550 feet. The cross sectional area of the tunnel will be about 150 sq ft. The rock profile is below the inverts of the tunnel profiles considered for this analysis.
6.1.1.1 Bored Tunnel
Pockets of running sand will be encountered. The cross sectional shape of the tunnel is a modified horseshoe. Some chemical grouting of the soil will be required during boring. Dewatering is not required.
6.1.1.2 Cut and Cover Tunnel
No shoring is required. Slopes of the trench can be safely laid back at a 1:1 slope. The tunnel will be constructed prior to the construction commencing on the buildings along 8th Street.
6.1.2 Depth Considerations
The existing ground elevation over the proposed length of the tunnel varies about 10 to 15 feet, from El. 255 ft. at the Main and West 8th Street intersection to El. 240 to 245 ft. at the proposed Central Plant. One of the key factors for determining the appropriate construction method is the depth of the tunnel below the ground surface. A shallow depth, less than two tunnel diameters below the surface, tends to favor a cut and cover method. It is assumed that the utility tunnel must be constructed at sufficient depth to not create a barrier to the construction of new utilities in the future. The depth of the tunnel is governed by the present topography, which is gently sloping to relatively flat, and by a future sanitary sewer in Main Street, which is approximately 20 feet deep.
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6.1.3
Feasibility Level Cost Comparison
A feasibility level unit cost estimate was prepared for a bored tunnel and a cut and cover tunnel. For the feasibility level unit cost estimate an average depth of 37 feet to the bottom of subgrade preparation was assumed. If a shallower tunnel is required then the cost for the cut and cover tunnel alternative would be less. The estimate did not evaluate risks, which are typically higher for underground tunneled or bored excavations. The feasibility level cost comparison for the tunnel indicated a total cost of $1,570,000 for a cut and cover tunnel and $2,270,000 for a bored tunnel resulting in a savings of $700,000 for the cut and cover alternative. Therefore a cut and cover method of tunnel construction is preferred over a bored tunnel.
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6.2
Utility Tunnel Civil Design Criteria

6.2.1 Tunnel Horizontal and Vertical Alignment
The first phase of the proposed utility tunnel will be constructed in West 8th Street and E Street in order to serve the Library/Information Technology Center, Classroom, and Science and Engineering Buildings. The utility tunnel will be connected to the Central Plant (Node 1) on the north side of the Central Plant along E Street. The utility tunnel will be designed for future expansion east along E Street and north along West 8th Street. The first phase of the tunnel will be approximately 670 feet in length from approximately Tunnel Station 10+00 north of the intersection of Main and West 8th to Tunnel Station 16+77 east of the intersection of West 8th and E Streets. This length does not include the tunnel connections to the Central Plant or the Science & Engineering building. The tunnel will be located on the eastern half of West 8th Street and will be centered in E street. Based on the requirements to provide tunnel access at the Central Plant First Level at El. 240 and the Science and Engineering Building Lower Level at El. 238 the tunnel will have an average finished floor elevation of El. 236 with a minimum slope of 0.25%. Tunnel low points for drainage will be provided near the intersections of Main and West 8th Streets and at the end of the tunnel at Tunnel Station 16+77. A high point in the tunnel will be located along 8th Street near the center of the street between the intersections with Main and E Streets.
6.2.2 Excavation Support Systems
The tunnel will be constructed utilizing cut and cover construction methods therefore a large excavation will be required in both West 8th and E Streets for tunnel construction before adjacent construction on building foundations can be performed and in order to eliminate the need for excavation support systems. Based on the requirement for 1:1 excavation side slopes and an average depth of 20 feet to the tunnel subgrade and an outside width of 14 feet the excavation will have a width of approximately 54 feet at the ground surface.
6.2.3 Groundwater
Based on borings performed for the geotechnical investigations for the existing golf course and the proposed Library, Science, Classroom and Central Plant Buildings and two additional borings along the tunnel alignment, groundwater does not appear to be a significant concern to tunnel construction. No shallow groundwater was encountered in any of the borings for the golf course. Groundwater was encountered at depths between 28 and 33 feet for buildings. Perched groundwater may occur in clay layers within the vicinity of the tunnel excavations and near the canals. It is possible that groundwater conditions at the site could change at some time in the future due to variations in rainfall, groundwater withdrawal, construction activities, or other factors. A waterproofing membrane system will be provided on the tunnel in order to minimize the intrusion of groundwater into the tunnel. The membrane will collect water into a perforated drain, which will discharge into drywells located at either ended of the tunnel.
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6.3
Utility Tunnel Structural Design Criteria

6.3.1 Tunnel Structural Configuration
Following the preliminary evaluation of tunnel construction and the recommendation to construct a cut and cover tunnel based on the feasibility level cost estimate three alternatives were identified for the tunnel structural configuration for a cut and cover tunnel. The three alternatives were a 12-foot-diameter circular precast reinforced concrete pipe, a 12-foot wide by 11-foot high rectangular precast reinforced concrete box culvert, and a 12-foot high by 11-foot high rectangular cast-in-place reinforced concrete cross section. The circular precast section could only be manufactured in the region at one location and with significant transportation costs from other parts of California was considered unlikely to provide competitive bids. The rectangular precast sections can be manufactured at two locations in the region and do not preclude other bidders from constructing the tunnel in a cast-in-place approach therefore a 12foot wide by 11-foot high rectangular reinforced concrete section was selected. If a precast reinforced concrete box culvert section is selected the interior corners of the section will be chamfered approximately 1-foot reducing the available area inside the tunnel. Typical tunnel wall and floor slabs will have a minimum thickness of 12-inches. At locations where the tunnel is required to make changes of direction including bends at street intersections and bends at buildings to provide connection to the Central Plant and the Science and Engineering Building and at the north end of the tunnel adjacent to the Classroom building cast-in-place sections of the tunnel will be required with tunnel geometry varying from the typical section. These sections will be larger than the typical tunnel cross section in order to permit mechanical and other systems within the tunnel to cross and exit the tunnel. The tunnel will be constructed with expansion joints at all connections to building structures and at all changes in direction in order to accommodate differential settlement and seismically induced settlement and ground deformation.
6.3.2 Tunnel Access
Access to the tunnel will be provided via a corridor from the Central Plant First Level, from the Science and Engineering Building Lower Level and from a stairway exit corridor to the western corner of the intersection of Main and West 8th Street. Exit corridors will provide a minimum width of 3-feet and height of 7-feet for access for maintenance and emergency personnel. Locked doors from all buildings and the exterior will restrict access to the tunnel.
6.3.3 Tunnel Loads
The tunnel will be designed to resist loads associated with soil overburden placed over the top of the tunnel, to resist lateral earth loads associated with native materials at rest and dynamically loading the buried walls of the tunnel, and a design vehicle load of AASHTO HS20-44. Where the tunnel will be constructed adjacent to shallow building foundations the loads of the building foundations should be evaluated on the tunnel. Based on the results of borings the groundwater levels are not considered to be above the invert of the tunnel and the probability of liquefaction of the native soils and the effects of buoyancy were not considered to be significant.
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6.3.4
Tunnel Waterproofing Systems
The tunnel will be designed with a modified bituminous waterproofing system placed on all below grade portions of the reinforced concrete structures. The waterproofing system will be fully adhered to the concrete structure. A blind side waterproofing membrane system will be required for the tunnel floors followed by application of the sheet membrane system on the vertical walls and horizontal top slab of the tunnel. The waterproofing membrane system will be protected with fiberboard and/or drainage composite before backfilling. If a precast concrete tunnel section is selected, waterproofing membrane will be placed on the bottom slab of the sections before they are placed in the excavation.
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6.4
Utility Tunnel Mechanical Design Criteria

6.4.1 Utility Systems
Utility systems to be included in the tunnel are summarized below: 20-Inch-Diameter Chilled Water Supply and Return Pipelines 12-Inch-Diameter Heating Hot Water Supply and Return Pipelines 4-Inch-Diameter Steam and 2-Inch-Diameter Condensate Return Pipelines 5-Inch-Diameter Nitrogen Pipeline (Future)
The chilled water supply pipeline will be provided with 4-inches of insulation and the chilled water return pipeline with 2-inches of insulation. The heating hot water supply and return pipelines will be provided with 4-inches of insulation. Chilled water piping will be designed for a low temperature of 30F and a high temperature of 75F. Heating hot water piping will be designed for a low temperature of 65F and a high temperature of 210F. The steam and condensate return pipelines will only be required from the Central Plant to the Science and Engineering Building. The liquid nitrogen pipeline will not be included in the tunnel; however, space for the pipeline will be allotted for the future addition of this pipeline from the Central Plant to the Science and Engineering Building. Chilled water and heating hot water pipelines shall be either Schedule 80 or 40 black steel pipes with grooved joints and grooved flexible couplings. Potable water, fire water, or domestic water mains will not be included in the tunnel. Separate connections for washdown water or fire water for the tunnel will be made outside the tunnel and conveyed into the tunnel for tunnel systems.
6.4.2 Tunnel Ventilation
Tunnel ventilation will be provided by two exhaust fans located near the two ends of the tunnel and one supply fan located at Station 13+25. Tunnel ventilation will provide a vacuum condition inside the tunnel in order to naturally draw outside air into the tunnel. Both supply and exhaust air will terminate in precast concrete duct terminal structures at-grade. The ventilation system will be on a variable frequency drive with two settings. The lower setting will provide air sufficient for occupation (code minimum of 1 air change per hour). The higher setting, triggered by smoke detectors, will provide air at 6 air changes per hour. The system is intended to remain on at all times at the lower setting. A control panel will be located at each entry point to allow for emergency stop and subsequent restart.
6.4.3 Tunnel Drainage
Tunnel drainage will be provided from sumps at the low points of the tunnel. Submersible pumps will be placed into the sumps by University maintenance staff in order to pump water out of the tunnel and to the sanitary sewer system. Tunnel water will be pumped to manholes adjacent to the tunnel and discharged into the top of the manholes in order to provide an air gap with the campus sanitary sewer system. A water seal and two check valves will be maintained in a segment of the discharge piping to avoid backflow of air from the sanitary sewer.
6.4.4 Fire Protection Systems
Smoke detectors and fire alarms, horns, and strobes will be provided in the tunnel. A fire alarm control panel will be located in the tunnel near the Central Plant or in the Central Plant first
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level in order to provide monitoring for the tunnel fire protection systems. As an alternative, fire alarms could be routed to the central station fire alarm system. Fire protection sprinklers will be provided in the tunnel. A separate connection will be made to the potable water pipeline outside the tunnel near the Science and Engineering building. The pipeline will be conveyed into the tunnel with a wet pipe alarm check valve, pressure switch, and flow alarm switch inside the tunnel for the fire water pipeline. The pipeline will make accommodations for future expansion of the tunnel.
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6.5
Utility Tunnel Coordination with University Buildings

6.5.1 Central Plant (Node 1)
At the Central Plant, one connection will be provided to the tunnel. The main tunnel will widen to 18.5-feet for a 44-foot length to allow utilities to cross in to the Central Plant extension. The tunnel ceiling will also expand to 14-feet high. The tunnel extension to central plant will be 16.75-feet wide and 11-feet high. Since the finished floor of the tunnel is approximately 4-feet lower than the finished floor of the Central Plant First Level, stairs and/or a ramp will be required for egress from the tunnel. The connection to the Central Plant will be adjacent to the room housing chilled water pumps between building gridlines 2 and 3. Pipelines conveying chilled water will mount on the southwest wall of the extension. The high voltage cable trays will hang from the ceiling along the centerline of the extension. Pipelines conveying the heating hot water, steam, condensate, and nitrogen (future) will stack along the northeast wall. The communication lines will exit the tunnel through the tunnel floor and direct bury in a ductbank. The duct-bank will parallel the Central Plant tunnel extension until reaching the building footprint at which point it will continue towards the telecom room. The top of the transition structure at the connection to the Central Plant will be at El. 251.00. Accordingly grading at this location will have to provide sufficient cover for the tunnel. The top of the tunnel extension to Central Plant will expand near the building footprint to allow for the utilities to enter the building at their proper height. Coordination with the Central Plant is required for power for the tunnel power and lighting systems, fire alarm control panels, and security systems. Isolation valves will be provided in the chilled water and heating hot water piping systems in order to separate pipelines in the tunnel from the Central Plant. The Central Plant building and the tunnel will be separated from the tunnel by a wall with equal fire rating to that of the tunnel construction. All utilities in the tunnel near the Central Plant will be blind flanged for future tunnel extension to the east and for the future building to the North.
6.5.2 Science and Engineering Building
At the Science and Engineering Building one 9.5-foot wide by 11-foot high connection will be made to the lower level of the building in the southeast corner of the building adjacent to West 8th Street. Pipelines conveying chilled water, heating hot water, steam, condensate, and nitrogen (future) will be located in the connection between the tunnel and building. All pipelines will be located overhead at the building face where the connection is made to the lower level of the building. Chilled water pipelines in the connection shall be reduced to 8-inch-diameter and heating hot water pipelines shall be reduced to 6-inch-diameter to serve the Science and Engineering Building(s). Isolation valves will be provided in the chilled water and heating hot water piping systems in order to separate pipelines in the tunnel from the Science and Engineering Building. Medium voltage power cables enter a switch in an enclosed/fenced area and will mount along the north wall. Four 4-inch telecommunications conduits will enter the tunnel and mount along the south wall of the extension. There will be no direct connection between the Utility Tunnel and the future Vivarium Tunnel between Science and Engineering buildings. Access to the tunnel from the lower level of the Science and Engineering building will be restricted via a locked door. The door will also serve as an emergency exit from within the tunnel to the building. The Science and Engineering building and the tunnel will be separated from the tunnel by a wall with equal fire rating to that of the tunnel construction.
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6.5.3
Classroom and Library/Information Technology Center
The Classroom and Library/Information Technology Center will receive utilities after they have exited the tunnel near the intersection of Main and West 8th Streets. Chilled water, heating hot water, electrical and communications ducts will all exit the tunnel at the intersection with Main Street. There will be no direct connection between the tunnel and the Classroom building. Exit from the tunnel will be provided at the north end of the tunnel after the tunnel crosses Main Street. The exit will be to the northwest corner of the intersection. A 7-foot-wide corridor will be provided via stairs to an access hatch set at grade. A temporary bulkhead will be constructed at the north end of the tunnel to enable future extension of the tunnel to the north and east to serve Central Plant (Node 2). All utilities in the tunnel will be blind flanged for future extension to the north.
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6.6
Utility Tunnel Electrical Design Criteria

6.6.1 Medium Voltage Power
A minimum 5-foot-wide cable tray suspended 16-inches beneath the soffit of the tunnel will be provided in the typical tunnel section for conveyance of medium voltage power in triplex armored cables.
6.6.2 Tunnel Power
Miscellaneous outlets and small equipment will be fed at 120V or 208V. Panelboards for small pumps and lighting will be required either in the tunnel or in the Central Plant.
6.6.3 Tunnel Lighting (Operating and Emergency)
Lighting will be provided by fluorescent fixtures. Lighting will be fed from the Central Plant (Node 1) at 277V. The lighting circuit will be constructed in two banks. One-third of the lights will be locked in the on position and the remaining two-thirds will be controlled by the user. All entry points will have switches for both circuits with lockable off switches. Emergency lighting will be provided with fluorescent fixtures with battery backup and internal switching.
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6.7
Utility Tunnel Instrumentation and Controls Design Criteria

6.7.1 Communications
The four 4-inch diameter communications conduits originally planned for campus information distribution and communications will be replaced with cable trays and other conduits mounted on 18-inch supports on one wall of the tunnel adjacent to the access corridor. Space in the corridor will be allotted for future expansion of the communications systems.
6.7.2 Tunnel Security
There will be a security system at all doors to the utility tunnel and phones inside the tunnel.
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7. 7.1
OFF-SITE UTILITIES Storm Sewer (SHJ)

Off-site storm sewer systems will not be required. The design of the on-site system will capture the difference between pre and post development flows. Flows will discharge into upper Cottonwood Creek, not to exceed predevelopment levels, and Fairfield Canal as permitted.
7.2
Sanitary Sewer (K/J)

The City owns and operates a municipal wastewater treatment facility located on the southwest side of the City. This facility has a design capacity of 10 million gallons per day (mgd) and currently treats an average flow of 8.3 mgd. This facility, therefore, has potential capacity to treat wastewater flows from the Campus. The City also owns and maintains a wastewater collection system that extends to the north Merced area near the Campus. There are two possible options for a Campus connection to this system. The first is a connection to a 27-inch-diameter gravity sewer on G Street near Merced College and the second is a connection to an 18-inch-diameter gravity sewer on Yosemite Avenue. The gravity trunk sewer serving these two lines was constructed and financed through an assessment district to serve the majority of the adjacent property owners. The City holds limited capacity rights in this trunk line that could be made available to handle flows from the Campus. The remaining excess capacity is held by the property owners, but may be available depending on their development plans. A connection to the Citys wastewater collection system would be located on G Street near Merced College, and would connect to the site by traveling north on G Street, then east on Bellevue to Lake Road. The wastewater main on G Street has a capacity of approximately 2 mgd that would be available for the Phase 1 Campus. Wastewater would be treated at the City of Merced Wastewater Treatment Plant located to the southwest of Merced. The Conceptual Plan for Integrated, Water-Related Infrastructure Systems recommends a conceptual plan that outlines components for on-site and regional wastewater collection and treatment options.
7.3
Electricity (Arup)
PG&E has existing overhead 12-kV service in the area that could meet the 2008 Campus power demands with some area reinforcements (installing new cable (re-conductoring) on the power lines). With re-conductoring, this service could also meet the Campus power demands for limited growth beyond the 2008 Campus needs (perhaps through 2013). The next phase of development, however, will require a significant investment by PG&E in upgrades to its facilities. PG&E has additional 12-kV distribution lines in the area that can provide separate redundant service to the Campus.
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7.4
IT - WAN & MAN Systems (SFMI)

7.4.1 Introduction
7.4.1.1 Background - WAN and Local Loop Services
A core goal and function of the campus IT systems is to provide connection to persons and information resources beyond the limits of campus. Applications include: Voice Telephony (Local/Off Campus and Long Distance) Internet and Internet2 CENIC (Corporation for Educational Network Initiatives in California) Distance Learning Collectively, such connections are described as Wide Area Network connections (in the case of data systems) or voice trunks (in the case of telephony). We will use the abbreviation WAN to represent both of theses needs, which are rapidly becoming a single transport media serving multiple applications. A variety of commercial WAN service providers may be engaged to offer services to the campus. These may include local loop providers (commonly known as the Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier, or ILEC, and Competitive Local Exchange Carriers, CLECs), long distance carriers, internet service providers, broadband video providers (CATV), etc. Collectively we will refer to these providers as carriers. Typically, a facility connects to the WAN at one point. In the vernacular of franchised voice services, this is known as the MPOE, or Minimum Point of Entry. This point defines the limit of the service providers responsibilities under California Public Utilities Commission standards. The cabling and systems for primary entrances for new facilities, when constructed in accordance with carrier guidelines, are generally constructed at the expense of the carrier. The pathway used by the carrier to reach the MPOE from the property line is ordinarily constructed at the expense of the Owner. If a MPOE termination point is selected that is remote from the property line, or the means of service requested (e.g. high speed OC-12 fiber service) is not commensurate with the types of circuits actually being purchased, the Owner may be asked to pay for some or all of what are ordinarily the carriers costs. Hardened facilities create a secondary MPOE, which can service the facility in the event service is interrupted along the primary MPOE such as through severing of the line or equipment failure. Such secondary entrances are ordinarily constructed entirely at the expense of the Owner. In addition to purchasing local loop and WAN services, Owners can also construct their own facilities to provide a means of connection to properties they occupy that are in the vicinity of the core facility but beyond the property lines of such facilities. Such services can take the form of fiber placed underground, on private pole lines (aerial) or on joint use pole lines (commonly shared with other carriers and distribution power lines). Both WAN, and potentially MAN service connections are required by UCM
Existing Conditions
7.4.1.2 Background - MAN Services
7.4.2
WAN Service, Aerial Pathways and the Construction of Underground Service to the Boundary of the Campus.
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Aerial service is the principal means of carrier service distribution in the existing community surround the campus and would ordinarily be the means of service delivery provided to the campus. Currently aerial service in the immediate vicinity of the campus is severely limited both in the direction of Merced and toward Atwater. Carriers will need to extend and enhance their existing structure in order to deliver services to the campus. Moreover, it is anticipated that as the campus grows over time and develops the Town Center south of the Phase 1 Project that carriers may ultimately elect to serve the campus along new the corridors, leaving the original Phase 1 entry as a backup. Aerial service is subject to potential service interruption hazards not found in underground plants, including: Pole Down - physical damage to the pole, usually due to impact by vehicles, undermining of the pole base, or excess lateral wind load. Under these circumstances, service restoral of the cabling can not commence until the pole is restored. Under SBC/PG&E Joint Pole attachment agreements, the duty to restore the pole is borne by the Joint Pole agency; the duty to restore the line is by the carrier attached to the pole, unless separate arrangements have been made. Line Damage - destruction of the line independent of damage to the pole. Common sources of this damage include wind, rodents, lightening, inadequate line maintenance practices and damage caused by attachment of other carriers to the common pole.
Despite the hazards described above, it should be noted that two of SFMIs public sector clients currently run their operations on more than 65 miles of privately owned aerial fiber plants placed on 1500 joint utility poles and serving more than 60 facilities in California. These organizations have operated with less than 24 hours total down time due a pole down (on one network) or line damage (on the campus on one of the sites on the second network) for more than five years respectively. Because of the proposed construction sequence, UCM will initially develop data processing and core campus IT administrative functions off campus at the nearby grounds formerly occupied by Castle Air Force Base. Until the second phase of the physical plant construction is undertaken on the core campus, a University owned high speed MAN link, or a carrier provided WAN link to these facilities will be necessary. In addition to the WAN, services described above, the campuses of the UC system, in general, and UCM, specifically will have access to one or more State funded public IT services, or commercial services at provided to the public sector at discount, including: The Corporation for Education Network Initiatives in California (CENIC) CalREN-2 CalNet Rate Services
Various State initiative and carrier provisioning programs may make different interpretations as to which campus (Castle or the new Main Campus) they will provide services under their current contracts and obligations, and within the new Main Campus, different carriers will interpret their responsibilities for provisioning primary and secondary MPOE differently. Until determination of which carriers will be used and how they propose to provision the campus, detailed determination of the nature of the WAN and MAN entrances facilities can not be undertaken.
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7.4.3
Analysis Methodology
A series of decision points will influence the WAN/carrier and MAN service model Determination of carrier availability and the means of providing service awaits determination by UC Merced of the role public IT initiatives will play in its service model. Selection by the campus of which carrier(s) will provide its WAN circuit carriage will also frame the regulations regarding the procurement of the services and the campuses obligations with respect to MPOE construction. Determination as to whether the campus will provide campus dial tone (voice services) to on campus housing spaces. While most UC campuses currently provide such service, the decisions to do so were undertaken in a less competitive commercial carrier market. U.C. Merced will further need to assess its ability to administer student voice services in combination with other start up IT tasks with the limited initial service staff. Procuring distributed switches with out-sourced adds, moves and changes administration is one solution to the challenge.
Campus Demands
7.4.4
Voice Service campus port demands were assessed in the campus IT discussion of Section 5.4. Using switching hardware to aggregate campus loads, the typical peak busy hour traffic does not exceed 20% of the subscriber base. On this basis, the aggregate voice trunk requirements are determined as follows:
2004/ 2005/ 2006/ 2007/ 2008/ 2009/1 2010/1 2014/1 2024/2 2025/2 2026/2 2027/2 Full 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 5 5 6 7 8 Dev. Ports State Fund Only State & Student 595 887 1131 1405 3211 1662 3869 1843 4450 1994 5002 2629 4236 4299 4456 4618 7435 19935
1095 1891 2536
6954 11201 11529 11951 12378
Trunk Ports (PBX I/O or 50% DID / 50%DOD) State Fund 119 177 226 281 Only State & 219 378 507 642 Student
332 774
369 890
399 1000
526 1391
847 2240
860 2306
891 2390
924 2476
1487 3987
Trunk Ports - Expressed as Supertrunks (24 Trunk Ports Each) State Fund 5 7 9 12 14 15 Only State & 9 16 21 27 32 37 Student
17 42
22 58
35 93
36 96
37 100
38 103
62 166
Data Service Demands To be determined based on the campuss assessment and selection of available of carrier and State WAN transport services.
Design Criteria
7.4.5
For construction of Underground and aerial communications line services in the public right-ofway, the following standards apply: CPUC General Order 95, Rules for Overhead Electric Line Construction
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CPUC General Order 128, Rules for Construction of Underground Electric Supply and Communications Systems
Design Results
7.4.6
7.4.6.1 Proposed Carrier Service System
To maximize the reliability of the service connection to UCM, it will be necessary to construct a completely underground entrance to the campus from the nearest point at which carriers have underground service available. Our understanding is that this point is at Highway 99. The scope of this undertaking lies beyond the scope of the current Infrastructure project, and would presumably require a shared construction cost arrangement between the campus and the serving carrier(s).
7.4.6.2 Proposed MAN Service System
To be determined by the campus based on State funding and service model for the CENIC initiative, among others.
7.4.6.3 Distribution of Carrier Services on Campus.
On campus, all services will be placed underground to harden them against line damage and to improve campus aesthetics. To provide N+1 redundancy, service to a Primary and Secondary MPOE are proposed. Using readily available data systems hardware (OSPF enabled routing, enhanced Ethernet Spanning Tree convergence techniques, load balancing server farm systems, networked voice switches with Least Cost Routing algorithms enabled and/or VOIP hardware using the data techniques described above) a secondary MPOE can provide a complete or partial (transparent service switchover, or degraded service switchover) in the event of the failure of the Primary MPOE or the lines serving it. A secondary MPOE is recommended in the Housing Area to facilitate failover recovery. Construction of this secondary ADF/MPOE lies outside of the scope of the Phase 1 project. To similarly harden the pathways to the MPOEs, two physically separate pathways, each connected to the carriers at the property edge, and each connected to both MPOEs are proposed. The connection points and the service routes are presented on the drawings. Internally, diverse routes are used for each connection to minimize the potential for a single point of failure. Selection of appropriate pathways for routes is challenged by the same physical constraints as was presented for the campus IT systems under 5.4 above. In addition, the two pathways cannot both connect to campus housing areas, where a second MPOE would logically be placed, unless housing area construction includes extension of both communications ductbank systems through the undeveloped roads in the housing areas. At the telecom building, provisions should be made to provide termination space for at least one primary and two secondary carriers (ILEC and CLECs). Such facilities will need to meet the environmental constraints of the NOC machine room and provide for cable access to it. These spaces shall also provide for connectivity to the campus outside plant ductbanks. Access to each of the carrier spaces should be secure, with only carrier personnel able to access their space. Carrier personnel should not need access to the space of other carriers or the Universitys machine room in order to service their systems or install new cabling. At minimum, the primary carrier space should provide for placement of two floor mount racks, with Code mandated access clearances. For each of the other carrier spaces, room for at least one floor mounted equipment rack should be provided.
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In addition, it is noted that the proposed Physical Plant/IT NOC facilities are located at the southeastern corner of the Phase 1 development areas. This necessitates crossing the entire length of the Phase 1 campus to reach the NOC, maximizing its exposure to physical damage within the campus.
7.5
Gas (KJ)
PG&E has been identified as the only local supplier of natural gas to the Campus. It has a transmission pressure gas pipeline along Highway 99. Serving the Campus from the Highway 99 transmission line would require installation of a new gas transmission pipeline to the Campus. Two routes are being considered by PG&E for the new off-site gas transmission pipeline: Arboleta Avenue to Yosemite Road to Lake Road to the Campus (a distance of approximately six miles). Highway 59N to Bellevue Road to the Campus (a distance of approximately 4.5 miles).
PG&E would install, own, and operate the off-site gas system. A metering and pressure regulating station would be located at the terminus of the PG&E facilities in the vicinity of the intersection of Lake Road and the new Campus Parkway. UCM would install, own, and operate the gas system that extends into and serves the Campus from this point.
7.6
Potable Water (K/J)

The primary source of water for the Campus is to be groundwater. This source may be supplemented in the future by use of raw water from the MID and recycled water generated onCampus or supplied by a municipal/regional water reclamation facility. These supplemental water supplies would be used for non-potable uses such as toilet flushing, cooling tower use or landscape irrigation. The sources of groundwater will be either from the Citys municipal system or from new on-campus or off-campus well fields developed, owned and operated by UCM or a regional water authority. The development of the groundwater supply would be phased to meet the needs of the developing Campus. Adequate lead-time in its development would be provided to ensure that this source would be available when needed by the Campus. If the Campus did develop its own groundwater supply, then it would comply with the groundwater management recommendations of the Merced Water Supply Plan. Potable water to the Campus would be provided by the City from a new well installed on the Phase 1 Campus in the campus support area. In addition, the City would provide a backup water line by connecting the Campus to the Citys existing water distribution system. The point-of-connection would be located on Yosemite Avenue, near the intersection with McKee Road. This connection is necessary to ensure that water supply to the campus is uninterrupted in the event that the on-site well is taken off-line for any reason.
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8.
TECHNICAL MEMORANDA ROADS (SHJ)

Road profiles will be designed to not exceed 5% in longitudinal grade, where possible, to conform to current ADA standards for onsite accessible route of travel. Road profiles and elevations will also be designed as required to provide adequate cover over the main sewer and storm drains which fall within the road alignments.
8.1
Alignment - Geometry and Profiles

8.1.1 Design Overview
The UC Merced Long Range Development Plan set out the road alignments for the Campus 2008 street network. This shows that the initial circulation system for the campus would consist of two road types, entrance roadways and campus streets. In support of this document, a technical memorandum (November 21, 2001) prepared by the Master Planning teams transportation consultants Fehr & Peers Associates, made detailed recommendations concerning the layout and conceptual design of the transportation infrastructure for the Campus 2008 street network. This memorandum made recommendations on the following elements: Intersection configuration; and Roadway sizing including details on travel lane and bicycle lane widths.
The paragraphs below provide a summary of the roadway design elements of the above reports and a more detailed description of the geometric design features of the Campus 2008 street network.
8.1.2 Entrance Road-Ways
8.1.2.1 General Description
The primary access route to Campus 2008 would be along Entry Road/Main Street. This is generally a northeast/southwest route that begins with a new intersection at Lake Road approximately 500 feet north of Bellevue Road, and then continues for approximately 3,400 feet across Fairfield Canal to the far side of the Campus 2008 core. The route will provide access to the University campus for bicyclists, cars, and transit; service and construction vehicles will use the temporary access route (see Section 8.1.2.6). Entry Road will provide access to car parking areas, student accommodations, and the visitors parking lot next to the Library. After the bridge, Entry Road becomes Main Street and is conceived of as a plaza that can accommodate pedestrian, bike, transit, and limited vehicular use. The route serves a variety of transportation activities and needs; the following paragraphs discuss the various sections of Entry Road in more detail.
8.1.2.2 Entry Road between Lake Road and West 2nd Street
This section of Entry Road connects to the new intersection at Lake Road and will provide internal access to the parking lots and student accommodation on West 1st and on West 2nd Street. Table 8.1 outlines the general design criteria of this section of Entry Road.
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Table 8.1 - Design Criteria for Entry Road between Lake Road and West 2nd Street
Criteria Functional Classification Pavement Width Speed Limit Design Speed Design Vehicle Curb Radii at Intersections Number of Traffic Lanes and width Bicycle Facilities Type of Intersection Lake Road/Entry Road Entry Road/West 1st Street Entry Road/West 2nd Street
Design Comment Collector Street 56 feet 25 mph 30 mph Bus/Single Unit Truck 25 feet based on the turning radius of a fire apparatus. Four 11-foot wide travel lanes. Two 6-foot wide bicycle lanes Signal controlled T-intersection Four-way stop controlled intersection Two-way stop controlled Four-leg intersection
8.1.2.3 Entry Road between West 2nd Street and Little Lake Road
This section of Entry Road is primarily a 44 feet wide facility that will provide access to student accommodations via the intersection with West 4th Street. The transition to the 44-foot wide section from the previously described 56-foot wide section occurs through the bend in Entry Road, between Stations 12+16 and Stations 13+99. This is a non-concentric curve with the northerly (smallest) curb radius being 232 feet, a street centerline radius of 246.5, and the southerly (largest) curb radius being 276 feet. This 44-foot wide section of Entry Road will eventually form an intersection with Little Lake Road. Little Lake Road will be a major north/south artery for the campus. The general design criteria for this section of Entry Road are set out in Table 8.2.
Table 8.2 - Design Criteria for Entry Road between West 2nd Street and Little Lake Road
Criteria Functional Classification Pavement Width Speed Limit Design Speed Design Vehicle Curb Radii at Intersections Curve Radius Number of Traffic Lanes and width Bicycle Facilities Type of Intersection Entry Road/West 4th Street Entry Road/Little Lake Road
Design Comment Collector Street. 44 feet. 25 mph. 30 mph. Bus/Single Unit Truck. 25 feet based on the turning radius of a fire apparatus. 232 feet
Two 12-foot wide travel lanes in each direction.
One 8-foot wide Parking Lane Two 6-foot wide bicycle lanes Stop controlled intersection Stop controlled T-intersection
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The curvilinear alignment of Entry Road between West 2nd Street and West 4th has been designed using a 30 mph (50 kph) design speed. Therefore, based on the minimum stopping sight distance of 214 feet (65 meters) as defined in the CALTRANS Highway Design Manual (5th Ed) the minimum proposed curve radius through the Entry Road bend will be a minimum of 232 feet.
8.1.2.4 Entry Road between Little Lake Road and Library Plaza
This section of Entry Road bridges over Fairfield Canal and will ultimately link the student housing and recreational/sports facilitates to the west with the main academic buildings to the east. The transition to the 32-foot wide section from the previously described 44-foot wide section occurs approximately 62 feet beyond the centerline of Little Lake Road, between Stations 21+50 to Stations 22+50. The specific details with regard to the bridge design are discussed in Section 9 of this report. The design specifications with regard to this section of Entry Road are set out in Table 8.3.
Table 8.3 - Design Criteria for Entry Road between Little Lake Road and Library Plaza
Criteria Functional Classification Pavement Width Speed Limit Design Speed Design Vehicle Curb Radii at Intersections Number of Traffic Lanes and width Bicycle Facilities Type of Intersection Entry Road/Library Plaza
Design Comment Local 32 feet 15 mph 20 mph Bus/Single Unit 25 feet Two 11-foot wide travel lanes. Two 5-foot wide bicycle lanes. Stop controlled turn-around
The pavement width of this section of Entry Road is 32 feet. This route provides access to the main academic buildings and the parking lot west of the library. In the later phases of the campus development through traffic will be discouraged along Main Street northeast of the bridge. Therefore, the only traffic on this section of Main Street should be pedestrians, bicyclists, buses, some service vehicles, and cars accessing the 100-space Library parking lot. Due to the limited traffic and the dead-end condition at the library drop-off area, the design speed for Main Street has been reduced to 20 mph at the end of the transition to this 32-foot wide section.
8.1.2.5 Main Street between Library Plaza and West 8th Street
North of Library Plaza, Main Street passes through the academic campus core. This section of Main Street is designed to encourage bicycles and walking as modes of transportation. As a result the pavement width of this section of Main Street is 24 feet. The general design specifications for this section of Main Street are set out in Table 8.4.
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Table 8.4 - Design Criteria for Main Street between Library Plaza and West 8th Street
Criteria Functional Classification Pavement Width Speed Limit Design Speed Design Vehicle Curb Radii at Intersections Number of Traffic Lanes and width Bicycle Facilities Type of Intersection Main Street/West 7th Street Main Street/West 8th Street
Design Comment Local 24 feet 15 mph 20 mph Bus/Single Unit 25 feet Two 12-foot wide travel lanes. Shared roadway. Stop controlled T-intersection Two-way Stop controlled four-leg intersection
Although traffic flows along this section of Main Street will be low; buses and service vehicles will travel within the academic core of Main Street. Therefore, in order to accommodate the turning paths of these vehicles at cross streets along Main Street 25-foot curb radii are required at each intersection.
8.1.2.6 Temporary Service/Construction Road
During Campus 2008 development, a temporary road running parallel to and north of Main Street is to be utilized for construction and service vehicles. This route makes use of the existing golf access road (Farm Road), which is a two-lane 22-foot wide road. North of the Library a new road will be constructed which links Farm Road with West 7th Street and West 8th. This new road will be 22 feet wide as it passes north of the Library. The geometric design specifications with regard to the temporary access road are set out in Table 8.5.
Table 8.5 - Design Criteria for Temporary Service Road
Design Criteria Functional Classification Pavement Width Speed Limit Design Speed Design Vehicle Corner Radius Curb Radius at Intersections Number of Traffic Lanes and width Bicycle Facilities
Design Comment Temporary Local Road 20 feet 22 feet N/A N/A Truck tractor-semi-trailer combination 35 feet 25 feet Two 10 to11-foot wide travel lanes Not provided
This temporary road will be used during the construction of Campus 2008 and will also be the primary route for vehicles servicing the academic buildings, the Central Plant, and for cars accessing the temporary parking lots located on E Street.
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8.1.3
Campus Streets
8.1.3.1 West 8th Street/E Street
These streets within the Campus 2008 academic core are to be 24 feet wide and are designed to accommodate limited vehicular movements. The geometric design specifications with regard to Campus 2008 streets are set out in Table 8.6.
Table 8.6 - Design Criteria for Phase 1 Campus Streets
Design Criteria Functional Classification Pavement Width Speed Limit Design Speed Design Vehicle Curb Radius at Intersections Number of Traffic Lanes and width Bicycle Facilities
Design Comment Local 24 feet 25 mph (8th St. south of E St.- 15 mph) 30 mph (8th St. south of E St. 20 mph) Bus/Single Unit 25 feet with an additional 5 feet mountable area Two 12-foot wide travel lanes Shared roadway.
During Campus 2008 development, buses will operate along these streets connecting the parking lots with the main campus buildings. Therefore, in order to accommodate the turning paths of these vehicles at intersections, minimum 25-foot curb radii are required in addition to a 5-foot obstruction free mountable area at each intersection.
8.2
Pavement Design
8.2.1 Design Procedure
The following paragraphs outline the general design procedures that were used in order to calculate the most appropriate pavement design for the UC Merced Campus 2008 street network.
8.2.1.1 Design Standards
The design standards used were the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) Highway Design Manual (5th Edition), and the City of Merced Standard Design of Common Engineering Structures.
8.2.1.2 Design Period
As set out in Caltrans Highway Design Manual, new pavement structural sections must be designed to carry projected one-way truck traffic for a period of 20 years following the opening of the road to traffic.
8.2.1.3 Truck Traffic
The Campus 2008 full build-out traffic flows were taken from the technical memorandum (November 21, 2001) prepared by the Master Planning teams transportation consultant, Fehr & Peers Associates. As it is the Universitys policy to reduce traffic within the campus, the maximum projected traffic during the design period (20 years) is that of 2008. Therefore, the projected daily Campus 2008 traffic flow is 7,000 vehicles.
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In order to project the level of daily oneway truck trips on the Campus 2008 street network the following assumptions were made: Construction Traffic The technical memorandum prepared by Fehr & Peers Associates estimated that there would be approximately 110 construction related one-way trips during periods of peak construction activity. In order to take into consideration the 20-year design period, and the future expansion of the campus street network, it is assumed for the pavement design procedure that an average of 11 construction related daily one-way trips would travel on Campus 2008 roads (5% of the peak construction activity). This is a relatively conservative assumption as it is the Universities policy to reduce vehicular demand along Main Street during the early stages of the campus development. Service Vehicles - Based on information obtained from the technical memorandum, it is assumed that 3% of the campus trip generation would be service vehicles. This translates into 110 service related daily one-way trips. Transit Traffic - During the peak hour 6 buses are forecasted to use Main Street (based on a ten minute headway) Based on the assumption that 10% of daily vehicle activity would occur during the peak hour the daily number of one-way transit related trips would be 60.
The projected truck information above is summarized by vehicle type in Table 8.7 below.
Table 8.7 - Truck Type
Truck Type 2-axle trucks 3-axle trucks 4-axle trucks 5-axle trucks or more Total
8.2.1.4 Traffic Index
Number of Daily Vehicles 165 13 2 1 181
The traffic index (TI) is a measure of the Equivalent Single Axle Loads (ESALs) expected over the design period. Based on the Caltrans design procedures and the projected truck traffic (set out in section 1.2.1.3) the ESAL determination for Campus 2008 roads is shown in Table 8.8.
Table 8.8 - Determination of the 20-year Traffic Index for Phase 1 Roads
Vehicle Type 2-axle trucks 3-axle trucks 4-axle trucks 5-axle trucks or more Total
Average Daily Trucks (2) 165 13 2 1 181
ESAL 20 Year Constants (3) 1,380 3,680 5,880 13,780 -
Total 20 Year ESAL (2 x 3) 227,921 48,171 11,642 10,611 298,345
Interpretation of Caltrans Highway Design Manual, Table 603.4A, shows that the traffic index for Campus 2008 roads over a 20-year design period is 8.0.
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8.2.1.5 Geotechnical
The results of the geotechnical investigation show the near surface site soils materials encountered in the test borings generally consist of a thin mantle of stiff to hard lean sandy clay extending to a depth of approximately 2 feet below existing grade. Further investigations showed that alternating discontinuous layers of silty sand, poorly graded sand, and lean clay underlie this peripheral mantle. Bulk samples were obtained at several boring locations drilled for this project. Based on visual observations four R-value tests were preformed on a near surface soil samples. Plasticity Index numbers were found from two samples and based on these equivalent CBR values were found. The resulting CBRs were found to be <5%. Ground investigations confirmed that there was no frost penetration in the area and so the pavements have not been designed to guard against frost heave.
8.2.1.6 Sub Grade Drainage
Of the 30 exploratory test borings drilled, 4 encountered groundwater between 23.5 feet and 33.5 feet below ground level. As the level of the groundwater found was so deep it should not affect the subbase materials and hence there is no need to include a subgrade drainage system.
8.2.1.7 Reuse of on-site material
With regard to sustainability considerations for the site, should the existing on-site material prove to be acceptable and fall within the requirements of the specification for any part of the road materials, it will be reused as part of the road construction. This would reduce the cost of importing additional construction material.
8.2.2 Recommend Pavement Section
Based on the above traffic projections and the results of the geotechnical investigations, the recommended pavement section of the Campus 2008 Street network is as follows: 2.5" - asphalt concrete wearing course; 2" asphalt concrete base course; 3" asphalt treated permeable base (per Caltrans standards) 15.5" Class II aggregate sub base
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9.
TECHNICAL MEMORANDA BRIDGE DESIGN

The bridge carrying Main Street over the Merced Irrigation Districts Fairfield Canal will ultimately link the student housing and athletic facilities to the West with the library and academic buildings to the east. In accordance with the UC Merced Master Plan, Main Street will provide a sufficient level of vehicle and pedestrian/bicycle service within Phase I of the campus development. To provide this service the bridge carries two 8-foot sidewalks, two 5foot bike lanes, and two 11-foot wide vehicular lanes. Drawing no. B-S1.01 shows the Main Street cross-section at the bridge. In later phases of the campus development there is the potential of eliminating through vehicular traffic on Main Street north of the bridge. This will decrease bridge traffic to mostly pedestrians, cyclists, buses, and service vehicles. The adopted standards for the design and construction of the bridge are Caltrans Bridge Design Specifications and related documents. The UC Regents is the owner of the bridge.
9.1
Site Constraints (Arup)

Responsibility for the maintenance of the canal is intended to remain in the hands of the Merced Irrigation District (MID) during and after the UC Merced Campus development. To maintain these responsibilities, UC Merced is best served by avoiding any impacts on the canal that might be interpreted as negative. Therefore, remaining clear of the watercourse and the existing berms has influenced the Main Street Bridge schematic design. Meeting this criterion will require selecting a bridge type that can be constructed without placing the following in the canal to the greatest extent possible: Construction crews Equipment Temporary and permanent structures Construction materials
Canal Width
9.1.1
One aspect of remaining clear of the watercourse is establishing the current and proposed channel widths. To that end, on 31 October, 2001 a copy of drawing B-S1.01 with an accompanying request to verify the bridge footprint and abutment location was sent to the MID. This zone has been established as follows: Elevation +245 was selected from the topographical mapping in the area as the top of the berms and the assumed edges of the channel. This elevation would be the maximum elevation the water would be able to physically reach. To the width established by the Elevation +245 contours another 5 feet have been added on either side of the channel to accommodate a bench between the abutment face and the assumed edge of the channel.
A response from the MID was received on 9 November 2001, confirming their acceptance of the above bridge location criteria.
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9.1.2
Main Street Alignment
The alignment of Main Street places the bridge on a bend of the Fairfield Canal. While the canal is only about 60 to 70 feet in width, locating the bridge on the bend increases the clear span length to approximately 100 and creates a need to skew the abutments.
9.1.3 Utilities
Main Street Bridge will also support utilities crossing the canal. These utilities will be concealed below the bridge deck and between longitudinal girders.
9.1.4 External Agencies
Aside from hydraulic and bank stability, there is also concern that entering the watercourse on a temporary or permanent basis will trigger permits from California Department of Fish and Game and the Army Corp of Engineers. These permits and approvals can be avoided by remaining clear of the canal.
9.1.5 Vertical Constraints
The vertical profile of Main Street is greatly influenced by the rather steep grade required to travel from the lower area of housing and athletic fields to the higher area for the library. The elevations of the Library Plaza have been kept as low as possible to reduce the grade on Main Street. The result for the bridge is a design parameter that requires the top of deck to be as low as possible. In direct competition with this constraint is the elevation limit of the underside of the bridge that must remain clear of the high water mark at Elevation 244. Freeboard has been taken as 1, and an additional 0.3 have been added for clearance from the assumed top of berm to the underside of the structure. The lowest point of the bridge deck soffit has therefore been set at Elevation 245.3.
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9.2
Bridge Type Selection (Arup)

The constraints outlined above dictated most of the type selection. The length of the structure and the criteria to remain clear of the waterway resulted in selecting a single span structure supported by low abutments. Steel, cast-in-place concrete and precast concrete girders can accomplish the spans. Steel girders require bearings at the abutment supports. Maintenance of these bearings requires access to the underside of the bridge. With the constraint vertical clearance, providing access would require excessive alterations to the site grading around the bridge. Steel bridges also require other long-term maintenance, particularly the painted surfaces. Steel girders were not explored as a structural system Cast-in-place concrete construction requires underside falsework. The distance between supports drives the depth of the falsework. Keeping construction out of the watercourse and off the berms would separate these temporary supports by a considerable distance. The depth to span this distance would raise the elevations along Main Street. Cast-in-place concrete box girders would, therefore, not be an appropriate solution. Precast concrete girder construction does not require falsework below the underside of the girders. Equally important, these girders can be supported on integral abutments. Integral abutments are reinforced concrete abutments that encase the ends of the girders in the abutment wall. This abutment style eliminates the need for bearings and the associated maintenance clearance below the bridge. These advantages resulted in selecting the precast concrete girders to carry Main Street over the Fairfield Canal. The integral abutments will be founded on cased cast-in-drilled-hole piles. The draft geotechnical report, issued on 31 October 2001, confirms the suitability of this type of foundation for the bridge.
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9.3
Architectural Considerations (PWP)

9.3.1 General
The Main Street Bridge functions as part of the vehicular, bicycle, and pedestrian circulation system, and as the point of transition between the Entry Road and the Phase I academic core, the bridge, together with Library Plaza, acts as the gateway to core area. The bridges structural concrete deck will form the roadway and pedestrian walkway surfaces which will have a 6 curb. Scoring patterns on the bridges walkways will match adjacent walkways.
9.3.2 Design Considerations
The Main Street Bridge will function as a component of the Phase I campus vehicular, bicycle, and pedestrian bridge circulation system. Primary lighting will be provided by triangular light fixtures, spaced at 25oc along the pedestrian walkways. The triangular light on the bridge creates a visual continuity with the triangular lights in Main Street. The cable railing, including a retaining wall will be extended at the Northeast end of the bridge and will physically link the bridge with the pedestrian area of Main Street in the Campus Core. The placement and orientation of the bridge is determined by the overall campus Master Plan, and thus crosses the Fairfield Canal at an angle resulting in a span slightly longer than would be required by a perpendicular crossing. To avoid conflicts with the Army Corp of Engineers, Merced Irrigation District, or potential jurisdictional agencies, the abutments are held back from the existing embankments of the canal. The bridges design does not account for any future canal widening.
9.3.3 Materials
The bridge is predominantly concrete with a cable railing trim. The cable railing system is composed of galvanized steel plates, and galvanized steel wire which is tensioned at each end by two galvanized steel brace plates. A galvanized steel top rail caps this guardrail system. The triangular lights are extruded aluminum fixtures.
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9.4
Existing Bridge (Arup)

Farm Road currently provides access to the Merced Community Golf Course. The two-lane road crosses the Fairfield Canal on the west side of the Phase I property. During the Phase I development, the drive could serve as a means of access to the north side of Fairfield Canal for construction vehicles and equipment. The crossing of the Fairfield Canal is over a double-arch precast reinforced concrete bridge manufactured by CON SPAN Bridge Systems. The bridge was installed in 1994 and is approximately 44 feet in total length a center support in the waterway. The width of the bridge is roughly 40 feet. Visual inspection of the bridge carried out in July 2001 indicated no signs of distress. The inspection was restricted to the fascia of the structure as the canal was in use and access to the underside of the arches was prevented. There are water stains on the concrete that high water completely covering the openings. The design loading for the bridge, as stated on a drawing provided by CON SPAN, is a standard American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials HS 20 highway loading typical of most highway bridges throughout the California. Conversations with CON SPANs representative Mr. Bill Lockwood (1-800-526-3999), indicate that the bridge is capable of carrying larger loads. Any contractor that elects to place vehicles on the structure that exceed the HS-20 designation should consult CON SPAN.
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10. 10.1
TECHNICAL MEMORANDA DETENTION BASIN (SHJ) Detention Basin Design

The northern detention basin will be designed to the requirements and standards of the Merced Irrigation District and generally accepted design methodologies of the region for discharges into Fairfield Canal. The detention basin will be sized to collect runoff from the campus east of Fairfield Canal from a 10-year storm event and at a minimum, retain the difference between the 10-year pre and post development flows. Discharges into Fairfield Canal will be restricted to release the runoff from a 10-yr storm event over at least 48 hours.
10.1.2 Proposed Detention Basin System
The northern detention basin will be constructed in the area between the Project Limits Boundary (environmental boundary), Fairfield Canal, and the proposed Central Plant. Side slopes of the basin will be generally 5:1 with a maximum slope of 3:1 in limited areas. The primary means of draining the pond to elevation 221.5 will be a manually controlled dual pump storm water lift station located in the center of the discharge gabion ring. This pump station will discharge collected storm water into Fairfield Canal when capacity is available. A level sensor and solenoid control valve will control flows in to the canal and prevent discharges when the canal water level reaches a height determined by MID. Additionally, a gravity storm drain line will be utilized to drain the detention basin above elevation 224.0 into Little Lake. A rock lined emergency spillway will be constructed to drain the pond above elevation 226.5 into the low-lying marshy area east of the pond. The landscaping of the detention basin will be designed to present the look of a natural lowlying green area to include cobbles, trees, and existing grass species. The pond will have a bottom elevation of 217 at its lowest point and a permanent water elevation of 220.
10.1.3 Storm Water Management Operations; Northern Pond, Little Lake and Lower Pond
To be confirmed at the completion of the Landscaping Design.
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11. 11.1
TECHNCAL MEMORANDA CANAL IMPROVEMENT WORKS (SHJ) Levee Stabilization Measures

Levee stabilization measures will be designed in accordance with the design standards and requirements of the Merced Irrigation District.
11.1.2 Proposed Stabilization Measures
Areas along the levees that require stabilization will be identified based on field reviews, meetings with the Merced Irrigation District, and the results of the geotechnical investigations. Utilization of reinforcement mats along with increased backfill against the levees may be implemented where appropriate and as directed by the Merced Irrigation District.
11.2
Seepage Mitigation Measures

Canal seepage control measures will be designed in accordance with geotechnical engineer recommendations and the recommendations of the Merced Irrigation District.
11.2.2 Proposed Control Measures
Areas along the canal levees that require seepage mitigation will be identified based on field reviews, meetings with the Merced Irrigation District, the project geotechnical engineer, and the results of the geotechnical investigations. Utilization of an interceptor sub drainage system along with possible slurry backfill cut-off trenches may be implemented where appropriate and as directed by the Merced Irrigation District.
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12.
TECHNICAL MEMORANDA LANDSCAPE (PWP)

It should be noted that Section 12 will be subject to amendment, as the 100% design of the Landscape areas has not been finalized at the time of writing. The Phase I campus site has a number of disparate demands that need to be accommodated in the landscape design. Paved areas, including roads, bridges, plazas and terraces, and bicycle and pedestrian paths comprise the site hardscape. Planted areas, including the canal edges and large and small open spaces or courtyards comprise the site softscape. In addition, functional elements such as site lighting, bicycle parking, and the like are also landscape components, envisioned to be part of the campus landscape.
12.1
Hardscape
The intent of the site hardscape design is to accentuate the urban spaces and pathways and to create surfaces that are functional as well as aesthetically pleasing. The design establishes a hierarchy for the application and distribution of the project budget and anticipates a wide range of potential uses and future needs of each space. The approach includes using special paving materials for the building plazas and less-expensive paving for remote areas, temporary conditions, parking lots, and roads. Material selection addresses durability and aesthetics and the palette will be complementary to that of the buildings. Even less expensive pavements such as asphalt and concrete will be well detailed and installed to the highest standards.
12.1.1 Vehicular Circulation
The primary vehicular access to the Phase I academic core will be along Main Street/Entry Road, accessed via existing Lake Road. A large percentage of traffic, however, will be drawn off the existing Farm Road, which will be connected to a temporary construction road leading to the academic core. Building service areas and parking lots will be accessed via this road. Vehicles that enter on Main Street/Entry Road will cross the Fairfield Canal via the Fairfield Canal Bridge and reach the Library Turnaround where they have the option of dropping off passengers and circling around to exit via the Entry Road. Cars could also exit via an access road in front of the canal wing of the Library that leads to Farm Road, (not in Phase 1 budget), or they could continue to a connection with the temporary construction road and into the academic core. Removable bollards at the beginning of the portion of Main Street within the academic core will prevent all but emergency vehicles and a limited number of other campus vehicles from proceeding beyond Library Plaza and onto Main Street. Primary vehicular circulation areas will be paved with asphalt (with the exception of the bridge and the Entry Plaza, which will have a concrete deck) and will have standard concrete curbs and gutters. The areas that will have limited vehicular access, i.e., Main Street within the academic core, will be paved with concrete unit pavers designed to withstand occasional emergency vehicle loads. The paving of Main Street will emphasize the primarily pedestrian character of the space and will give a sense of human scale to the 80-foot right-of-way. This paving system will be replicated from phase to phase throughout future development of the campus.
12.1.2 Emergency Vehicle Circulation
Emergency access will be provided per California Fire Code and City of Merced standards. Pavement in designated emergency routes will be designed to accommodate emergency-vehicle loads and turf block may be used where an emergency route traverses a non-paved area.
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12.1.3 Plazas, Terraces, and Pedestrian and Bicycle Circulation
The plazas and terraces adjacent to the Phase I buildings will be paved with a material that has more character and sense of scale than asphalt. Library Plaza, as the main point of arrival to the Phase I campus, will be an iconic space and therefore will receive the highest level of treatment. The material will be an elegantly proportioned concrete unit paver. The Plaza paving will be continued into the Library atrium, using a material that can work in both exterior and interior conditions. The plaza will then continue through the Library atrium and out to the back of the building, where it forms a more secluded terrace. The courtyards behind the Library and the Classroom Building will be completed by buildings of future phases. Given the temporariness of these areas, the design of the courtyards will be held simple and cost-effective in order to serve the short-term use. The terrace at the Science and Engineering Building will have the same pavement as Main Street and serves a few important purposes: It provides the main means of access to classrooms and class labs; it creates a line that can be continued across E Street in future phases to connect the building to Science and Engineering II; and it provides a generous veranda at the edge of Library Green. A portion of this terrace will double as an emergency access route for the building. Hardscape within the planted areas will be more park-like in character. Stabilized aggregate paving, which provides a softer, subtler surface than asphalt or concrete, will be used for pedestrian paths.
12.2
Softscape
The softscape design strategy is a key site contribution to the overall campus goals for sustainability, and because of the harshness of the Merced summers, the planting of trees to provide shade for pedestrians and cars, and to screen sunlight from the buildings is an important goal of the Phase I softscape design. Selection of plant materials will emphasize regional natives and other species that are well-adapted to the Merced climate. Plants will also be selected for disease resistance and with a view toward minimizing the need for fertilizer, pesticides, and other chemical treatments. Large areas of the site will be covered with a native cool-season grass and annual mix; this particular grass requires minimal maintenance and, after establishment, will be able to survive without irrigation. Only the most high-use green spaces with the most public image, such as the Entry Road, the side streets, the courtyards and Campus Green, will be permanently irrigated. Other site areas will have either a temporary irrigation system that will be operative until plants are established or no irrigation at all.
12.3
Site Lighting
In addition to the technical criteria detailed by Arup, there are other functional and aesthetic requirements for the site lighting. The basic approach is to light for the safety of pedestrians, with light spill from the sidewalks providing a degree of light to the road. Paths that are not intended to be used at night will not be lit. Different lamping or distribution should account for most specific site conditions. Within the scope of Phase I, a cut-off, post-top fixture is proposed for all campus streets that have adjacent pedestrian paths. For the temporary construction road, reflectors rather than pole lights will be used. A columnar light fixture will accentuate Fairfield Canal Bridge and Main Street.
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12.4
Bike Parking
To encourage bicycle rather than car use, a large number of bike racks is being provided in Phase I. Bike racks will be installed on pads of rock mulch. A total of 400 racks are being provided in the following numbers in the following locations: West 7th Street behind the Library: 50 West 8th Street behind the Classroom: 70 Entry Plaza: 55 Southwest of the Science building near Library Green: 20 Science Building West 8th and E Streets: 75 Southeast end Science Building: 110
The final number and location of bike parking needs to be confirmed by the University.
12.5
Landscape Elements
Below are descriptions of the primary Phase I landscape elements, indicating how hardscape, softscape, and other landscape features have been incorporated into their designs.
12.5.1 Main Street/Entry Road
Main Street/Entry Road is an asphalt road with concrete curb and gutter. Curbs will not be extruded. It is 56 feet in width between Lake Road and West 2nd Street, 44 feet in width between West 1st Street and Little Lake Road, and 32 feet in width between Little Lake Road and the bridge. The right-of-way is 80 feet wide. The road centerline is the same as the rightof-way centerline, with traffic movements and lane changes being marked with paint. Flexibility of use within the road width is of the utmost design importance as uses will likely change over time. Trees are planted approximately 20 feet on center on either side of the street; the row of trees on either side of the street is centered in the planting zone. A temporary low-growing hedge runs along the outer edge of the sidewalk and provides sight protection from the adjacent construction activities. The groundcover will be a low-maintenance, low-water-use turf-grass. Trees and hedges should require no more than annual or bi-annual maintenance. The planting is intended not only to provide an attractive visual environment, but to create a green, shady environment for pedestrians and bikers and, secondarily, for cars. Street lights are cut-off fixtures 20 feet in height. They are located in line with the trees on both sides of the street, approximately 80 feet on center directly opposite each other. Five-foot sidewalks are located on the outer edge of the right-of-way on both sides of the street.
12.5.2 Main Street Bridge
The Main Street Bridge functions as part of the vehicular, bicycle, and pedestrian circulation system, and as the point of transition between the Entry Road and the Phase I academic core, the bridge, together with Entry Plaza, acts as the gateway to core area. The bridges structural concrete deck will form the roadway and pedestrian walkway surfaces. Scoring patterns on the bridges walkways will match adjacent walkways. The bridge is further described in Section 9. A columnar light will light the bridge as a special entrance gesture.
12.5.3 Library Turnaround
The Main Street Bridge drops vehicles onto the Library Turnaround Area, marking the end of primary vehicular access into the Phase I campus. Beyond lie the Library Plaza and Main
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Street, both of which are primarily pedestrian. Paved in concrete, the turn-around will be carefully detailed so that it provides an appropriate foreground for the Library. The turn-around island radii of 20-0 are designed to accommodate shuttle buses as the largest vehicle that would use the space. The planted island in the center of the turnaround is marked by a one-foot-wide concrete curb. A grove of palm trees is a reminder of the California homestead.
12.5.4 Library Plaza
Library Plaza is the main, paved point of arrival to the Phase I campus and, as such, is designed to read as an iconic space for the campus. Generated by the angles of the two wings of the Library, the Plaza is an appropriately scaled and detailed terrace for the Library. It provides both a graceful terminus to the vehicular entry sequence and a gateway into the pedestriandominated academic campus. Its edge will be marked with a row of removable bollards to prevent traffic other than emergency access to cross it. Two steps will lead to the Plaza. Paved with an elegantly proportioned concrete unit paver (3 x 18) in a sand-colored tone to complement the materials of the Library, the terrace will continue beyond the glazing into the Library atrium and out to a more secluded terrace in back of the building. Three planters connect the Library with the bus turnaround and provide shade for the south faade and the Plaza.
12.5.5 Main Street
Main Street is conceived as a linear plaza that will serve a wide variety of functions including emergency and service vehicle access; bike movement and pedestrian movement; serving as a gathering, meeting, and dining space. Flexibility, versatility, and durability are key design requirements. It is primarily a pedestrian space; the assumption is that Main Street will be blocked to almost all campus traffic. The entire width of the 80-foot right-of-way will be paved; regularly spaced circular tree planters will provide shade, scale, and seating areas along the length of Main Street. The street will be sloped to the center at 1.5 percent; surface drainage will be picked up by a continuous trench drain in the center. Because this is such an important space one that will be extended in subsequent phases throughout the academic core of the campus it is being treated as a more special space than other campus streets. Rather than using a monolithic paving such as asphalt or concrete, Main Street will be paved with 3 x 18 concrete unit pavers; the same material used as in the arcades. This material provides a number of benefits: a greater sense of pedestrian scale in this 80-foot-wide corridor, ease of removal and replacement for any potential utility repair work under the street, a surface that is more highly polished yet equally durable to that of concrete or asphalt. The 20-foot diameter tree planters will be created with precast concrete pieces. The planters will be 17 inches in height so they can double as casual seating. Planters are spaced 44 feet on center typically (with minor adjustments where necessary); they are spaced at 48 feet on center at intersections to accommodate truck turning movements. Each planter will hold four mulberry trees to provide a maximum amount of shade for the street. Structural soil will be provided in a 6-foot-wide, 3-foot-deep band around each planter to support the pavement while providing an adequate zone for tree root growth. The spaces between planters are available for a variety of uses. The spaces are available to set up caf tables, information kiosks or food stands. Street lights are located between each planter on both.
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12.5.6 Classroom Building Site
The Classroom Building site is greatly constricted by the Phase I environmental boundary; there is a small wedge of space remaining between the building and the environmental boundary. The space will be treated informally, with scattered shade trees making the space habitable. The main theater in the Classroom opens out to the back, and will receive temporary concrete paving. Once additional funding is available, the space will be redesigned to hold an informal amphitheater. The building is serviced off of West 8th Street. The first 60 feet of the road from the Main Street intersection will be built in its final configuration. The street will be completed later when the campus is extended and the temporary construction road is demolished.
12.5.7 Science and Engineering Building Site
The Science and Engineering Building has a concrete unit paver terrace under the arcades on the Green side of each wing. The terraces provide continuous access around the building for the individual classrooms, each of which opens to the exterior rather than to an interior corridor. The paving extends out 30 feet beyond the column at the eastern wing to provide an ample terrace at the Green as well as to provide emergency-vehicle access. A 20-foot-wide area of reinforced turf adjacent to the arcade of the southern wing provides emergency access to that wing of the building. The arcade paving extends through the building between the two wings to emerge again on the E Street side. When Science and Engineering II is built in coming years, the concrete unit pavers are intended to extend across the street to link the two buildings. The paving of the western wing is also intended to carry through the building lobby; it emerges on the West 8th Street side of the building and connects to the sidewalk there. A 12-foot-wide pathway runs below trellises along the northeast faade of the building, parallel to West 8th Street. This walk replaces the sidewalk typical running parallel to the streets. The base of each column lands in a rectangular bed of gravel. The gravel protects soil pockets for vines that will grow up the building columns. The building is serviced from E Street; a 25-foot-wide paved area allows room for truck access as well as a temporary staging area. E Street ends at the service area and is continued as a 10foot-wide bicycle and pedestrian area.
12.5.8 Campus Green
Campus Green is the primary soft open space for the Phase I campus. Bounded by the two wings of the Science building, Main Street, and the Fairfield Canal, Campus Green is a shady oasis and the heart of the Phase I campus. It will be the backdrop for a variety of festivities, like graduation ceremonies. The Green is primarily turf grass and a grid of large, upright shade trees, Chinese Elm. The grid forms a wrapper three trees deep around the outer edges of this rectangular area; they are spaced 27-6 on center. Six-foot-wide paths of stabilized decomposed granite criss-cross the Green. The trees and paths create the edge for an open turf rectangle approximately 88 x 310 in the center of the Green. The edges of the space under the tree grid slope down at 6% to the level, open rectangle. Two steps separate the arcade areas from the crushed stone paving of the Green. Adjacent to the longer of these two terraces is an area of unstabilized decomposed granite which provides a surface on which to mount a series of benches and to provide permeability so the grid trees can extend into the area to shade the benches. The edge to the Green near the canal is formed by an extension of the path that runs from the Librarys canal wing through the Library Plaza.
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12.5.9 Canal Landscape
The Le Grand and Fairfield Canals form the dominant existing features in the Master Plan area. A portion of the Fairfield Canal forms the southern border for the finished Phase I landscape. Its planting will be dense and varied, in distinction to the geometric, regularized planting that characterizes the rest of the Phase I area. Composed of a rich mixture of several riparian species including plants like western redbud, cottonwood, poplars and California bay the naturalistic line of the canal landscape will provide a strong counterpoint to the surrounding plantings. Fast growing cottonwood will form the backbone of the Canal planting. A grove of Redwoods, Aptos Blue, will accentuate the entrance to the Campus Core around Fairfield Canal Bridge. A multipurpose path will provide access along the canal for bikes and pedestrians. The planting plan implemented in Phase I will be replicated throughout the future development of the campus. A 14-foot-wide maintenance set-back is required on the north side of the Canal. The level grassy area can also serve as an informal recreational area along the Canal. The MIDs access road along the southern bank of the canal will be maintained and can double as a walking or jogging path.
12.5.10 Campus Streets
The campus streets, including West 7th Street, West 8th Street, and E Street have a standard asphalt surface with concrete curb and gutter. The Phase I streets will be shared by cars, service vehicles, and bicycles. The rights-of-way are 70 feet wide; the 24-foot paving width is centered on the right of way, leaving approximately 22.5 feet (23 feet less six inches for the curb) on either side of the street for sidewalk and planting. The concrete sidewalks are six feet wide and are located ten feet from the road curb. Local conditions at each building may effect the final configuration of the sidewalks. Planting areas lie between the sidewalks and the road. The sidewalks and planting zone are pitched between 1.5 and 2 percent to drain over the curb into the road gutter. Radii at intersections are 25 feet to accommodate fire truck movements. Street lights are cut-off fixtures 12 feet in height. They are centered in the ten-foot-wide planting zone on both sides of the street, approximately 55 feet on-center directly opposite each other. Actual light spacing is determined by starting with a regular offset from intersections then spacing equally between intersections. The final spacing and height of the lights still needs to be confirmed by the University. Street trees are centered in line with the street lights and are spaced approximately 18 feet on center on E Street, West 8th and West 7th Streets; the spacing is determined by the spacing of the street lights. The same species is used on West 8th and West 7th Streets and a different species is used on E Street. The groundcover will be a low-maintenance, low-water-use turfgrass. As with the main Entry Road, the planting of all campus streets is intended not only to provide an attractive visual environment, but to create a green, shady environment for pedestrians and bikers and, secondarily, for cars.
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12.6
Special Site Features

The site is envisioned to contain a variety of special features which will be incorporated into the landscape only if special funds are received from a campus donor or other sources. An entry gate at Lake Road and Main Street will welcome people to the campus and provide the first sense of campus identity. To enhance the Fairfield Canal Bridge/Library Plaza gateway to the academic core, a special focal feature, such as a fountain of sculpture, is envisioned for that area. When special funds will be available, a small, informal amphitheater behind the classroom building could be designed for performances or as a place for casual, shady respite from the hot environment. These features are not currently a part of the plan.
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13. 13.1
LEED GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEM (LSA) Overview

The University of California Merced is committed to incorporating and integrating the principles of sustainable design as part of their infrastructure planning and building efforts. The Infrastructure Team (IT) is using the US Green Building Councils (USGBC) LEED Green Building Rating System (Versions 2.0 and 2.1) as a tool. LEED is a voluntary, consensus-based, market-driven building rating system based on existing proven technology. LEED evaluates environmental performance from a whole building perspective and provides a definitive standard for what constitutes a "green building" in the following areas:
13.1.1 Sustainable Site Planning and Landscaping
Promote environmental approaches to land use, transportation patterns, and bioregional planning including restoration of habitat, vegetation, and water/aquifer systems.
13.1.2 Energy and Atmosphere
Reduce energy and resource use and resulting pollution plus use renewable energy sources through optimized building design, materials selection, envelope and windows, lighting and daylighting, utility loads, heating, cooling and ventilation systems.
13.1.3 Water Efficiency
Select water conserving fixtures and water recovery systems, and improve water landscaping quality through site design, with the goals of cleansing water streams and aquifer recharge and reducing the negative impacts of parking, paving and walking surfaces.
13.1.4 Materials and Resources
Select locally produced, easily maintained building materials and products from a sustainable or renewable resource, and which contain recycled content, or are refurbished or salvaged from the site or existing buildings. Reduce and eliminate waste and establish environmentally sound practices of construction and demolition waste reduction, reuse and recycling.
13.1.5 Indoor Environmental Quality
Create healthy indoor conditions for health, safety, and productivity, including specification of green materials and design of high quality indoor air systems.
13.2
Process
The UC campus will be one of the first new campuses (if not the first) in the country developed using the LEED rating system as a tool to benchmark the green principles. LEED is primarily designed for individual buildings, not a campus setting with multiple buildings. As a result, the Infrastructure Team has created a matrix identifying which LEED credits are related to infrastructure and those which are related to the Phase I base buildings. Of the 69 total points available in LEED, the IT has identified 6 Yes points and 7 Maybes that they will incorporate. The following are potential LEED credits for UC Merced Infrastructure:
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13.2.1 Sustainable Sites
Prerequisite: Erosion and Sedimentation Control Credit 1.0 Site Selection Credit 4.1 Alternative Transportation: Public Transportation Access Credit 4.2 Alternative Transportation: Bicycle Storage and Changing Rooms Credit 4.4 Alternative Transportation: Parking Capacity Credit 5.2 Reduced Site Disturbance: Development Footprint Credit 6.1 Stormwater Management: Rate or Quantity Credit 6.2 Stormwater Management: Treatment Credit 7.1 Landscape and Exterior Design to Reduce Heat Islands: Non-roof
13.2.2 Water Efficiency
Credit 1.1 Water Efficient Landscaping: Use High Efficiency Irrigation
13.2.3 Energy and Atmosphere
Prerequisite Fundamental Building Systems Commissioning Credit 2.1-2.3 Renewable Energy Credit 3.0 Additional Commissioning
13.2.4 Materials and Resources
Credit 2.1-2.2 Construction Waste Management: Divert 50%-75% Credit 4.1-4.2 Recycled Content Materials Credit 5.1-5.2 Local/Regional Materials Credit 7.0 Certified Wood
The LEED matrix includes scores for all of the buildings: Central Plant, Library and Technology Center, Science and Engineering Building, and the Classroom Building. The Infrastructure points will then be added to each of the building scores. The current LEED matrix shows that infrastructure points added to the building scores have generated an average total building score of 37 points, which is within the LEED Silver certification range. Throughout the remaining portion of the design process, the teams will continue to refine the matrix by reviewing the potential credits and converting some maybe credits to yes credits.
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University of California, Merced 100% Basis of Design Report

May 2003 Draft

University of California, Merced UC Merced Infrastructure 100% Basis of Design Report

University of California, Merced

UC Merced Infrastructure 100% Basis of Design Report

3 4 5 5 9 19 21 23 35 40 41 41 41 42 43 43 44 47 49 62 66 69 72 77 78 85 88 93 93 95 96 98 100 102 103 104 104 104 104 105

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UC Merced Infrastructure 100% Basis of Design Report

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University of California, Merced

UC Merced Infrastructure 100% Basis of Design Report

DIRECTORY OF CONSULTANTS & ABBREVIATIONS

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University of California, Merced

UC Merced Infrastructure 100% Basis of Design Report

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University of California, Merced

UC Merced Infrastructure 100% Basis of Design Report

TECHNICAL MEMORANDA CENTRAL PLANT AREA Energy Targets (Arup)

8.7 kWh/yr/GSF 12 kWh/yr/GSF 15 Btu/hr/GSF 10 Btu/hr/GSF

0.23 th/yr/GSF 0.16 th/yr/GSF 1.1 Tons/kGSF 1.6Tons/kGSF

University of California, Merced

UC Merced Infrastructure 100% Basis of Design Report

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University of California, Merced

UC Merced Infrastructure 100% Basis of Design Report

Table 2.2-2 - Utility Loads for Plant Node 1

209,000 20,000 67,000 60,000 873,500

261,250 33,333 111,667 92,308 1,246,282

Aug-05 Dec-05 Aug-07 Dec-08 (3)

287 53 324 148 2,078 (3)

3,919 333 3,462 923 12,758

549 97 592 268 3800 (2)

50,000 20,000 20,000 212,560

76,923 30,769 25,000 265,700

Jul-09 Jul-09 Jul-09 Aug-09

769 308 375 3,986

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University of California, Merced

UC Merced Infrastructure 100% Basis of Design Report

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University of California, Merced

UC Merced Infrastructure 100% Basis of Design Report

University of California, Merced

UC Merced Infrastructure 100% Basis of Design Report

Q:\32080\4_PROJECT_DATA\4-05 REPORTS\100% BASIS OF DESIGN\MASTERDOC\100%MASTERREPORT.DOC

University of California, Merced

UC Merced Infrastructure 100% Basis of Design Report

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University of California, Merced

UC Merced Infrastructure 100% Basis of Design Report

2.2.5.4 Chilled Water Temperature

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University of California, Merced

UC Merced Infrastructure 100% Basis of Design Report

2.2.5.5 Summary of Chilled Water Tank Selection

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University of California, Merced

UC Merced Infrastructure 100% Basis of Design Report

University of California, Merced

UC Merced Infrastructure 100% Basis of Design Report