Alcanos

Naming Alcanos Properties of Alcanos

Timberlake LecturePLUS

The most important hypothesis in all of

biologyis that everything that animals do, atoms do. In other words, there is nothing that living things do that cannot be understood from the point of view that they are made of atoms acting according to the laws of physics. Richard Feynman (1918-1988)
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Organic Compounds
z Contain z Have z Have z Have z Burn z Are

carbon

covalent bonds low melting points low boiling points in air (oxygen)

soluble in nonpolar solvents large molecules

Timberlake LecturePLUS 3

z Form

Alcanos

Contain Contain Have Are

C and H only single bonds C-C

4 bonds to every carbon (C) atom

nonpolar
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Complete Structural Formulas

Show the bonds between each of the atoms H H
yy

HCH
yy

H CH4 , methane
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More Alkanes
H H C H H H C H H C H H C H H C H H CH3 CH2 CH3
Timberlake LecturePLUS

Condensed Structural Formulas H CH3 CH3 Ethane

Propane

IUPAC Names
Name # carbons Structural Formula

Methane 1 Ethane 2

CH4 CH3CH3 CH3CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

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Propane 3 Butane 4

Pentane 5

IUPAC NAMES
Name # carbons Structural Formula

Hexane 6 Heptane 7 Octane 8

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH2 CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Nonane 9

Decane 10 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
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Learning Check Alk1

A. What is the condensed formula for H H H H H C H C H C C H

H H

B. What is its molecular formula? C. What is its name?

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Solution Alk1
A. B. C. CH3CH2CH2CH3 C4H10 butane

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10

Reactions of Alkanes
Combustion

alkane + O2

CO2 + H2O + heat

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Combustion In the Cell

Metabolic oxidation is combustion C6H12 O6 + 6O2
glucose

6CO2 + 6H2O + heat

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Learning Check Alk2

Complete the combustion reaction for C3H8 + O2 Balance your equation +

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Solution Alk2
Step 1 C3H8 + O2 Step 2 C3H8 + O2 Step 3 C3H8 + 5 O2 3 CO2 + 4 H2O
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CO2 + H2O 3 CO2 + 4 H2O

Learning Check Alk3

Complete and balance the reaction for the complete combustion of C7H16

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Solution Alk3
Step 1 C7H16 + O2 Step 2 C7H16 + O2 Step 3 C7H16 + 11 O2 7 CO2 + 8 H2O
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CO2 + H2O 7 CO2 + 8 H2O