ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT

Rejecting excess aesthetic eclectism Promoted handmade

CONSERVATIVE IDEALS JOHN RUSKIN WILLIAM MORRIS PHILIP WEBB WILLIAM LETHABY GUSTAV STICKLEY CHARLES AND HENRY GREENE

PRINCIPLES 1. LEARNING & RESPECTING TRADITIONAL CRAFTS 2. CORRECT RELATIONSHIP OF DESIGN TO MATERIALS 3. RELATIONSHIP OF BUILDINGS TO THEIR SITE 4. REVERENCE FOR VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE AND ITS BUILDING TECHNIQUES.

LEARNING & RESPECTING TRADITIONAL CRAFTS

DID NOT DEMAND EXACT FINISH OR REFINEMENT

Wood, stone, or stucco siding Low-pitched roof ; Wide eaves with triangular brackets Exposed roof rafters Porch with thick square or round columns Stone porch supports Exterior chimney made with stone Open floor plans; few hallways Numerous windows ;Some windows with stained or leaded glass Beamed ceilings Dark wood wainscoting and moldings Built-in cabinets, shelves, and seating

Beaux Arts
classical Greek and Roman architecture with Renaissance

1885-1925

cole des Beaux Arts in Paris aesthetic principles of classical design supported Or Academic Classicism, or Classical Revival a late and eclectic form of neoclassicism characterized by order, symmetry, formal design, grandiosity, and elaborate ornamentation. eg:United States, the Beaux Arts style led to planned neighborhoods with large, showy houses, wide boulevards, and vast parks. Style commonly used for public buildings like museums, railway stations, libraries, banks, courthouses, and government buildings.

VIENNA SCHOOL
OTTO WAGNER

Guilded globe at entrance Higher jugendstil(counterpart of art nouveau)

Postal savings bank Vienna 1904-06

SPANISH MODERNISM BARCELONA

Roots from Spanish gothic, baroque, Art nouveau,tile vaulting, Catalan crafts(metal), Glass ceramics

Imbricated roof, Plastic Ovoid stone surrounds Slender bony columns Wall surface-blue,green glass

Casa batllo 1904-7

Sagrada familia basilca 1882 planned 1906-design completed

BUILDINGS SHOULD FIT THE PURPOSE , HABIT AND EMOTIONS OF MODERN LIFE ADOLF LOOS-PROMOTED RICH SIMPLIFIED SURFACES, OPEN PLANS AS CORRECT SETTING DUETSCHER WERKBUND(1907)-TO PROMOTE LINK BETWEEN INDUSTRY AND ARTS -HERMAN MUTHESIUS STYLELESSNESS INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS BY PETER BEHRENS, HANS POELZIG FLAT ROOFED, FREEPLAN, USE OF NEW INDUSTRIALISED BUILDING MATERIALS

Art Nouveau
They believed that the greatest beauty could be found in nature. Art Nouveau (French for "New Style") Maison de l'Art Nouveau, a Paris art gallery Against formal, classical approaches to design flourished in major European cities between 1890 and 1914. Art Nouveau in US - Louis Comfort Tiffany, Louis Sullivan, and Frank Lloyd Wright.

Otto wagner Appartments 1898-99 Vienna austria

Behrens House, by Peter Behrens, at Darmstadt, Germany, 1901. Casa Batllo, by Antoni Gaudi, at Barcelona, Spain, 1905 to 1907. Casa Mila, by Antoni Gaudi, at Barcelona, Spain, 1905 to 1910. Castel Beranger, by Hector Guimard, at Paris, France, 1890 (circa). Glasgow School of Art, by Charles Rennie Mackintosh, at Glasgow, Scotland, 1897 to 1909. Hill House, by Charles Rennie Mackintosh, at Helensburgh, Scotland, 1902 to 1903. Horta House, by Victor Horta, at Brussels, Belgium, 1898. Hotel Guimard, by Hector Guimard, at Paris, France, 1912. Hotel Solvay, by Victor Horta, at Brussels, Belgium, 1895 to 1900.

Hotel van Eetvelde, by Victor Horta, at Brussels, Belgium, 1895 to 1898. Majolica House, by Otto Wagner, at Vienna, Austria, 1898 to 1899. Paris Metro Entrances, by Hector Guimard, at Paris, France, 1899 to 1905. School in Glasgow, by Charles Rennie Mackintosh, at Glasgow, Scotland, 1904 to 1906. Sezession House, by J. M. Olbrich, at Vienna, Austria, 1896. Tassel House, by Victor Horta, at Brussels, Belgium, 1892 to 1893. The Willow Tea Rooms, by Charles Rennie Mackintosh, at Glasgow, Scotland, 1902 to 1904. Werkbund Theater, by Henry van de Velde, at Cologne, Germany, 1914. Whitechapel Art Gallery, by C. Harrison Townsend, at London, England, 1897 to 1901.

Darmstad ,Germany

Art Nouveau buildings have many of these features: Asymmetrical shapes Extensive use of arches and curved forms Curved glass Curving, plant-like embellishments Mosaics Stained glass Japanese motifs

Other Names for Art Nouveau: Style Moderne, in France Style Nouille (Noodle Style), in France Jugendstil, in Germany Sezession, in Austria Stile Liberty, in Italy Arte Noven, in Spain

Eg: in St. Louis, Missouri, by Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler Parque Gell in Barcelona, Spain by Antoni Gaud Majolika Haus in Vienna, Austria by Otto Wagner The Marquette Building in Chicago, Illinois, by William Holabird and Martin Roche with Coydon T. Purdy The Municipal House in Prague, Czech Republic

EXPRESSIONISM

Einstein Tower Potsdam(1920) Erich Mendelsohn.

Sculpted curves Functional Station for astraunomical Observation

distorted shapes fragmented lines organic or biomorphic forms massive sculpted shapes extensive use of concrete and brick lack of symmetry many fanciful works rendered on paper but never built

Chicago School
Steel frame blg Masonry cladding or terracotta clad Facadegrid baywindows,oriel windows

"Chicago window" three-part window of a large fixed center panel flanked by two smaller double-hung sash window

Architects Henry Hobson Richardson William Le Baron Jenney Martin Roche Louis Sullivan FL Wright

Carson, Pirie, Scott & Co. Building Louis Sullivan

BAUHAUS Germany
1919-33 Between World wars Architecture of the new era

absence of ornamentation harmony between the function of an object or a building and its design.

unify art, craft, and technology. machine considered a positive element industrial and product design were important components. Vorkurs "Basic Design" course- foundational courses offered no teaching of history in the school because- design and create according to first principles rather than by following precedent. functional, economical and consistent with mass production

Weimer- 1919-25 ; Walter Gropius Desau 1925 32; Hannes Meyer Berlin 1932- 33 ; Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

3 CONNECTED WINGS /BRIGES- PI.N WHEEL CONFIG 2 STOREY STSPAN APPROACH ROAD FROM DESSAU LOWER ADMINISTRATION UPPER -PVT. OFFICE DORMITORIES,SCHOOL BIDG ATTCHED AS WINGS ASSEMBLE HALL,DINING SPACE AND STAGE BETWEEN RCC FRAMEWORK,BRICK WALLS MUSHROOM SHAPES CEILING AT LOWER LEVELS ASPHALT TILE ROOFING STRUCTURAL TRANSPERANCY

Chrysler Building NY William Van Alen Year: 1928-1930 Stainless steel exterior hood / 1,047 feet Height: 319 metersornaments, hubcaps, and abstract images of cars. Stories: 77

AIG BUILDING, NY (1932 COMPLETED) ART DECO

POST MODERN

BRUTALIST STYLE

Alison and Peter Smithson,

AT&T Headquarters Philip Johnson

INTERNATIONAL STYLE 1984 Height: 197 meters / 647 feet Stories: 37