Ancient and Modern Rhetoric

Definitions and Applications AP English Language Mr. Bruno

The Five Canons of Rhetoric

    

Invention Arrangement Style Memory Delivery

Invention


The process of coming up with ideas for writing and speaking. Under this heading are three proofs or appeals:

Logos Ethos Pathos

Logos


Logic; in Greek, the word translates literally into embodied thought In the letter:

Answers all of the charges of the clergymen

pragmatically and ethically.
 

Syllogism Enthymeme

Ethos
 

Character and credibility In the letter:

My Dear Fellow Clergymen Rebuts the claim he is an outsider Lists the steps in the process of preparing for
direct-action nonviolence Closing

Pathos
 

Emotional appeals Presents, with passion, the evils of segregation The fact that King uses little pathos makes his few examples very effective.

Arrangement
 

Deciding how best to present your ideas In classical oratory, not all parts are used.

Arrangement
      

Exordium Narratio Propositio Partitio Confirmatio Refutatio Peroratio

 

Introduction Outlines argument

Conclusion; summary and final emotional appeal (call to action)

Support for proposition Background info

 

Anticipation/Refutation of counter-arguments
The proposition

Style
 

ow to express your ideas Stylistic choices:

Enhance all three appeals Builds tension and suspense (periodic

sentence) Clearly illustrates ideas (Figurative Language and Imagery)

Informal Logic: Toulmin

     

Claim Reasons Warrant Grounds Backing Conditions of Rebuttal Qualifier

      

Exordium Narratio Propositio Partitio Confirmatio Refutatio Peroratio

Rogerian Rhetoric
  

Seek common ground Build trust Reduce threat Focus is on ethos

The Text Says/The Text Does

 

Close Reading and Rhetorical Analysis Two elements:

Summary of the content of the text (what the

text says) Description of the construction, organization, and form of the text (what the text does)

Visual Rhetoric


Includes:

Photographs Drawings Graphs Charts

Maps Posters Advertisements Web pages Cartoons