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Si deja de haber corriente desaparecen las fuerzas.

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Biot y Savart formularon el campo magntico producido por una corriente cualquiera Faraday realiz el siguiente experimento. Cogi una espira metlica con un galvanmetro. Al aproximar un imn a la espira metlica se observa que la aguja del galvanmetro se mueve. Si dejamos quieto el imn la aguja del galvanmetro se va a O. Si sacamos el imn la aguja del galvanmetro se mueve en sentido contrario, y si se separa mucho vuelve al cero. Por tanto se llega a la conclusin de que un campo magntico en movimiento produce una corriente elctrica.

Maxwell constat el efecto contrario, un campo elctrico genera un campo magntico. Por tanto podemos concluir :
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Los imanes y las corrientes elctricas generan un campo magntico. Los campos magnticos en movimiento producen corriente elctrica.

 

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