A

B(6, 0, 4)
AB
A(3, 4, 1)

B(7, 2, 5)
(4, 6, 3)

A(1, 1, 2) B(1, 4, 3)

C(2, 2, 7)

A(2, 3, 1) B(4, 6, 5)
A(1, 1, 2) B(3, 3, 4)

C(3, 2, 1)

C(2, 6, 1)

B
A(1, 2, 2)
A(4, 2, 0)
A(1, 0, 5)

B(2, 1, 4)
B(3, 2, 1)
B(2, 0, 1)

(1, 0, 0)

(2, 1, 3)

(1, 0, 0)

(3, 1, 1)

(2, 1, 6)

A(2, 3, 5)

A B
A(1, 2, 3), B(2, 3, 4)

C(1, 1, 4)

A(3, 4, 5), B(1, 0, 5)

C(1, 2, 3)

(2, 3)
{v R2 : u (2, 3) = 0}.
L = {(2t, 3t)/ t R}
{v R2 : u v = 0 u L}.

R3

P (0, 2, 0) Q(1, 5, 1)

R(2, 16, 1)

(x, y, z)

!
! = {(x, y, z) R3 : x + y + z = 2} .
P (0, 1, 1) Q(1, 0, 1)

R(1, 1, 0)

S(2, 1, 3)

L1 :

2x
= y 3 = 2z 10
7

L2 : x = 7 + t, y = t, z = 17 + 12t
tR

L:

1x
= y 2 = 2z 6
3

(3, 4, 5)

L = {(x, y, z) R3 : 2x y + z = 0 2x + 3y z = 0}
= {(0, 2, 1) + (2, 3, 1) : , R}

L
L
L

= {(1, 2, 3) + (2, 3, 0) + (0, 0, 1) : , R}

! = {(1, 1, 1) + (0, 1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) : , R}

= {(1, 0, 1) + (1, 1, 2) + (3, 2, 2) : , R}

! = {(x, y, z) : x + 2y 5z = 21}
! .
(1, 5, 7)?
.
L L! ,

x = 3t + 1
y = 2t 4
L! =

z = 3t 7

= {(x, y, z) R3 : 3x + 4y = 1 }

! = {(x, y, z) R3 : 2x + y z = 2 }

! !!

!! = {(1, 2, 1) + (2, 1, 0) + (1, 1, 3) : , R}

C = {(x, y, z) R3 : y = x 3}.
C

C
L = {(1, 0, 1) + (1, 1, 2) : R}.

u = (1, 0, 2)

v = (2, 1, 1) w = (1, 2, 2)

uv
(u v) w
u (v w)
(u v) (u w)

P (0, 2, 2) Q(2, 0, 1)
P (2, 3, 1) Q(1, 3, 4)

R(3, 4, 0)
R(1, 2, 1)

P (1, 0, 1), Q(1, 1, 1), R(2, 1, 2)

S
P QR
< u, v w >
u = (3, 0, 0), v = (0, 4, 0), w = (0, 0, 8).
u = (2, 3, 1), v = (3, 7, 5), w = (1, 5, 2).
t

u, v
u = (1, t, 1),

v = (t, 1, 0),

w
w = (0, 1, t)
(1, 1, 0), (0, 1, 1), (1, 0, 1)

(x, y, z)
< (x, y, z), (0, 0, 1) (6, 3, 4) >= 3
x + 2y 2z + 7 = 0

Q
(1, 2, 3)

3x y + 2z = 4

X(t) =

(1 t, 2 3t, 2t 1)
L
L
t

2x + 3y + 2z + 1 = 0
X(3)
L

3x y + 1 +

3y + 1

3=0

x = 1

3=0

3x y 1 +

X(2)

3=0
A(1, 2, 2)

P (2, 0, 1)

t
a

2x 2y + z = 3

Q
Q

b
1 :
2 :
3 :
a 1
a

x + y + az = 1
x+y+z =a
2x + by + 2z = 2

B(3, 0, 2)

Q(t, 1, t)

tR

4, 23 , 92

(0, 4, 15)
2y
z2
(x, y, z)
3 = 2
y+2
4 = z (x, y, z) =

x = 1 + t, y = 2 3t, z = 2 + 2t x 1 =

x = 4 t, y = 2 + 4t, z = t 4 x =

x = 1 3t, y = 0, z = 5 4t

1x
3

5z
4 ,y

= (1, 2, 2) + t(1, 3, 2)

(4, 2, 0) + t(1, 4, 1)

= 0 (x, y, z) = (1, 0, 5) + t(3, 0, 4)

2x + 4y 8z = 3
2x 3y = 0
(x, y, z) = (0, 2, 0) + t(1, 7, 1) + s(2, 14, 1)

7x + y = 2 (7, 1, 0)
(1, 7, 6)
x + y + 12z 65 = 0
$

%
14 , 12 , 1 (0, 0, 0)

{(0, 0, 0)}

& $ 10
% $
%
'
4
3 , 1, 15
+ 7, 0, 75 : R

$
%
1, 5, 7) + t( 52 , 0, 1
C

(1, 1, 0) (0, 0, 1)
15
2

315
2

96
27
2

(0, 3, 0) C L = {(2, 1, 3)}

$1
7
3

2
2
3, 3, 3

$
%
14
Q 79 , 14
9 , 9
(1, 3, 2)

t = 1

L : (x, y, z) = (1, 2, 1) + t(1, 3, 2)

(0, 1, 1)

2x + 3y + 2x = 15
x 3y + 2z = 19

6
2

a (= 1
a (= 1

a=1

b (= 2
b=2