2 Basic NewVIIx

SEPARATION THEORY
Basic separation
Separation efficiency
Q 100
50
Inlet
0
Outlet Q
100
W
A
50
0
A
Separation efficiency is proportional
to settling area and inversely to Q
Basic separation. 2
Gravity separation
Q = Vg • A
Q
Q = Throughput capacity, m3 /s
vg = Gravitational settling velocity, m/s
Inlet A = Settling area (l • w), m2
Outlet
100
W
A 50
0
Q
Throughput capacity directly proportional

to settling area and velocity
Basic separation. 3
Basics
• The efficiency of all separating equipment

is a function of:
• Flow rate
• Settling area
• Settling velocity
Basic separation. 4
Density difference
Oil droplet
Density < 1000 kg/m3
Continuous water phase
Density ~ 1000 kg/m3
Solid particle
Density > 1000 kg/m3
Basic separation. 5
Improving separation
Increased efficiency.
Continuous gravity Enlarged settling area by
separation vessel means of buffer plates
Basic separation. 6
Conventional separator
= a TANK
Basic separation. 7
• With liquid
Basic separation. 8
• With liquid &

solids
Long settling distance Short settling distance
Basic separation. 9
• Separation of liquid & solids

only
What to do in order to get

liquid / liquid / solid
separation ??
Basic separation. 10
• Install baffle plates
U- tube
• Water seal filled
U- tube
• Water seal filled
U- tube
• Static separation of oil / water and
solids
Density
difference
Oil Water
Column Column
height height U- tube
I Svedberg / 02 09 12 Page 14
BASICPURTHEORY.PPT
• Static separation
”Fixed Oil surface level weir” = The Level ring
” Oil surface
level weir”
Fixed
U- tube
• Static separation
”Fixed Oil surface level weir” = The Level ring
” Oil surface
level weir”
Fixed
Adjustable
”Density
weir”
Adjustable height
”Density weir”
= The
Gravity disc
U- tube
• Static separation with discs
G force
• Turning the
tank
Centrifugal Force
Centrifugal force; 1000’s of G replacing the static 1 G
• Feed to separator • Light phase out

• Heavy phase out
• Gravity Disc
• Level Ring
• Rotation of the
tank • Solids out
Separation principles
# 1: SEPARATOR arranged for PURIFICATION
OIL / WATER / SOLIDS INLET
CLEANED OIL OUTLET
WATER OUTLET
OIL is cleaned from water and solids

SOLIDS /SLUDGE
“Dewatering of oils”
OUTLET
# 2: SEPARATOR arranged for CLARIFICATION
OIL / SOLIDS INLET
CLEANED OIL OUTLET
NOTE !
Water Outlet is Closed
Solids are removed from OIL

SOLIDS / SLUDGE
“Polishing of oils”
OUTLET
Purifier
= Continuous cleaning of oils with max.
density 991 Kg/m3 / 15oC
“Dewatering of oils”
Clarifier
= Continuous removal of solids from oils.
Water removal is limited
“Polishing of oils”
Separator applications
• Purifier Types for:

– Fuel Oil Cleaning
- Lube Oil Cleaning
– Hydraulic Oil Cleaning
• Clarifier Types for:

– Fuel Oil Polishing
– Hydraulic Oil Polishing
Clarifier in lube oil

Air vent
Combustion
Water, sand, dirt
Soot, ash
Acids
Blow by
Other combustion
products
Wear
Oil refill
Cu Pb
Fe
CaSo
4 Cr Sn
Calcium Sulfate
Calcium carbonate
The disc stack
The disc stack is the most

important part of the
separator, here the
separation of the dirt
particals takes place.
Should the disc stack

get dirty, or blocked
in some way, the separation
efficiency will be drastically
reduced
Caulk(s) 0,5 - 0,8 mm The disc-stack
The disc stack
FLOW
7000 G
0,5 mm
Caulk(s) 0,5 - 0,8 mm The disc-stack
Flow between discs
• The river! 0,5 - 0,8 mm

n Parabolic velocity profile:
friction close to wall -> lower
velocity
centre of tube -> higher velocity
• A pipe.
• Between discs
Flow between discs
1
2
1: G-Forces
2: Flow
Flow between discs
Flow between discs
Flow between discs
Purifier bowl
Oil inlet
Clean Oil outlet
Open Water outlet
Gravity Disc
Top disc
Interface
Sludge outlet
Clarifier bowl
Oil inlet
Clean Oil outlet
Closed Water outlet
Clarifier Disc
Top disc
Sludge outlet
Purifier
Factors affecting
interface position: 1
• Gravity disc too small - Interface moving

• Density of oil decrease towards centre:
• Viscosity of oil decrease
- Water blocking
• Flow rate decrease disc stack
• Temperature of oil -Bad separation

increase efficiency
Purifier
Factors affecting
interface position: 2
- Oil in Water outlet
• Gravity disc too big = broken Water seal
• Density of oil increase
• Viscosity of oil increase
Interface moving
• Flow rate increase towards periphery
• Temperature of oil
decrease
• Disc stack dirty
Correct G-disc
Separation Efficiency
Factors effecting separation

Efficiency
Separator Filter
Particles < 4 µm 65-85 5-10
Cat fines 60-90 ~5
Iron 40-60 ~5
Sodium 40-50 <5
Average samples from 44 ships during normal operation
source Alfa Laval SMT/F 9402
Components in oils not effected by Separation

• Density
• Viscosity
• CCAI
• Flash point
• Pour point
• Micro Carbon Residue
• Sulphur / Vanadium
• Asphalthenes
Components in oils strongly effected by Separation

• Water
• Sodium
• Aluminium
• Silicone Cat-fines
• Iron
• Magnesium
• Ash
• Calcium
ISO 8217 . 2005
Cat-fines distribution
Water in separator bowl in general:
In order to get the best possible separation result
- Water must never enter the disc stack !!!
Conventional separator: The purifier

Purifier optimum interface position: 1
Outside the outer edge of the disc-stack
Inside the outer edge of the top-disc
Conventional separator: The purifier

Purifier optimum interface position: 2
• Correct gravity disc size

• Clean Disc-stack
• Maintain following feed conditions:
– Constant oil properties = viscosity & density
– Constant FLOW - rate
– Constant TEMPERATURE
HFO 380 temperature change

down from 98°C to 95°C
a change from 26 cSt up to 29 cSt
HFO 380 temperature change

down from 98°C to 90°C
a change from 26 cSt up to 35 cSt
Stokes’ Law
Applied on centrifugal separation
centrifugal droplet heavy phase light phase continuous centrifugal

settling size density density phase acceleration
velocity (mm Ø) (kg/m3 ) (kg/m3 ) Viscosity (m/s2 )
(m/s) (Kg/m, s )
Stokes’ Law
And efficiency
Separation
efficiency
+
Particle size Density difference Viscosity
Conventional separator system :

PURIFIER LIMITATIONS
PURIFIER followed by CLARIFIER
The Gravity Disc
Maximum Density 991 kg/m3
Manual Adjustment
Optimum Separation hard to achieve
Need of qualified attention for optimum result
NOTE :
All MAPX type separators and All MOPX / WHPX type
separators from before 1984/85 have a density
limit around 985 kg / m³ at 15⁰C
Water separation with oil densities above this density

limit will cause problems with this separators when
operated as purifiers
Conventional separator system :

OPTIMUM SEPARATION RESULT on HFO
• Maximum Density 991 kg/m3

• PURIFIER followed by CLARIFIER
• Operation in SERIES for optimum separation result
• CLARIFIER act as “SAFETY NET” = POLISHER
• CLARIFIER to be discharged at same interval as the
preceding purifier
Limitations
Density limit =
⁰C
991 Kg / m3 / 15⁰
Viscosity limit =
600 cSt/ 50⁰⁰C
Normal setup:
Purifier to Clarifier
From settling tank To clarifier To service tank
Purifier Clarifier
Emergency setup:
High density oil
To service tank To service tank
From settling tank From settling tank
Reduced water removal!

Disharge every 10 min!
Clarifier Clarifier
Emergency setup:
High cat fines in oil
To service tank To service tank
From settling tank From settling tank
Reduced flow to consumption

+ 10% over two separators
Purifier Purifier
Advice:
Know your oil!
Good instructions!
Normal handling and in crices.
Eduicate the operators.
Advice:

2 Basic NewVIIx

Cargado por

Información del documento

Descripción original:

Derechos de autor

Formatos disponibles

Compartir este documento

Compartir o incrustar documentos

Opciones para compartir

¿Le pareció útil este documento?

¿Este contenido es inapropiado?

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

2 Basic NewVIIx

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

SEPARATION THEORY

Throughput capacity directly proportional

• The efficiency of all separating equipment

• With liquid &

Long settling distance Short settling distance

• Separation of liquid & solids

What to do in order to get

• Install baffle plates

• Water seal filled

• Water seal filled

• Static separation with discs

Centrifugal force; 1000’s of G replacing the static 1 G

• Feed to separator • Light phase out

OIL / WATER / SOLIDS INLET

CLEANED OIL OUTLET

OIL is cleaned from water and solids

# 2: SEPARATOR arranged for CLARIFICATION

OIL / SOLIDS INLET

CLEANED OIL OUTLET

Solids are removed from OIL

• Purifier Types for:

• Clarifier Types for:

Clarifier in lube oil

The disc stack is the most

Should the disc stack

Caulk(s) 0,5 - 0,8 mm The disc-stack

The disc stack

Caulk(s) 0,5 - 0,8 mm The disc-stack

• The river! 0,5 - 0,8 mm

Flow between discs

Flow between discs

Open Water outlet

Closed Water outlet

• Gravity disc too small - Interface moving

• Temperature of oil -Bad separation

Factors effecting separation

Average samples from 44 ships during normal operation

source Alfa Laval SMT/F 9402

Components in oils not effected by Separation

Components in oils strongly effected by Separation

Water in separator bowl in general:

In order to get the best possible separation result

- Water must never enter the disc stack !!!

Conventional separator: The purifier

Outside the outer edge of the disc-stack

Inside the outer edge of the top-disc

Conventional separator: The purifier

• Correct gravity disc size

HFO 380 temperature change

a change from 26 cSt up to 29 cSt

HFO 380 temperature change

a change from 26 cSt up to 35 cSt

centrifugal droplet heavy phase light phase continuous centrifugal

Particle size Density difference Viscosity

Conventional separator system :

Water separation with oil densities above this density

Conventional separator system :

• Maximum Density 991 kg/m3

From settling tank To clarifier To service tank

To service tank To service tank

From settling tank From settling tank

Reduced water removal!

To service tank To service tank