NON - FERROUS METAL

METALS
» PHYSICAL PROPERTI
ES
˃ DUCTILE AND MALLEABLE
˃ EXELLENT ELECTRICAL CON
DUCTIVITY
˃ GOOD CONDUCTOR OF HEAT
˃ REDDISH, ORANGISH AND B
ROWNISH IN COLOUR
» CHEMICAL PROPERTI
ES » ALLOYS
˃ NOT REACT WITH WATER
˃ REACT WITH OXYGEN IN AIR
COPPER
» USAGE
˃ PIPING FOR WATER SUPPL
IES
˃ REFRIDGERATION
˃ AIR CONDITIONING
˃ WATER-PROOF ROOFING
˃ IN LIQUID FORM IT CAN B
E USED AS WOOD PRESER
VATIVE
˃ BRASS
˃ BRONZE
 Copper
Alloys

Brass Bronze
(Cu-Zn alloy) (Cu-Sn alloy)

Muntz Delta metal Bell metal

metal Gun
Naval metal Manganese
Cartridge Red brass
Phosphorus bronze
brass brass
Low Yellow bronze Speculum
brass brass metal

COPPER
» TUBING
TYPE DWV (THINNEST WALL; ONLY ALL
•
OWED AS DRAIN PIPE PER UPC),
• TYPE 'M' (THIN; TYPICALLY ONLY ALLO
WED AS DRAIN PIPE BY IPC CODE),
• TYPE 'L' (THICKER, STANDARD DUTY FO
R WATER LINES AND WATER SERVICE),
• AND TYPE 'K' (THICKEST, TYPICALLY US
ED UNDERGROUND BETWEEN THE MAIN
AND THE METER).
COPPER
 ELECTRICAL APPLIC
ATIONS
˃ ELECTRICAL MACHINES, ESPE
CIALLY ELECTROMAGNETIC M
OTORS, GENERATORS AND TR
ANSFORMERS.
˃ ELECTRICAL RELAYS, ELECTRI
CAL BUS BARS AND ELECTRIC
AL SWITCHES.
˃ VACUUM TUBES, CATHODE RA
Y TUBES, AND THE MAGNETR
ONS IN MICROWAVE OVENS.
˃ WAVE GUIDES FOR MICROWA
VE RADIATION.
 » MARKET SURVEY
˃ Home wire Rs. 5/M handell’s
˃ Flexible wire Rs.10/M plaza,po
lycap

Copper pipe joints

• Elbow Rs.73
• Socket Rs. 35
• T Rs.77

COPPER
» PROPERTIES » USAGE
˃ MALLEABILITY AND ACOUSTI ˃ DOOR KNOB
C
˃ FURNITURE
˃ LOW MELTING POINT
˃ NOT FERROMAGNETIC
˃ ALUMINIUM MAKES BRASS ST
RONGER AND CORROSION RE
SISTANT
˃ 90% OF BRASS ALLOY ARE R
ECYCLED
DISADVANTAGE
˃ SUSCEPTIBLE TO STRESS CO
RROSION CRACKING
˃ RESOLVED BY ANNEALING TH
E CASES

BRASS
» BRASS PRODUCTS: ˃ BRASS STRIPS
BRASS STRIPS HAVE EXCE
˃ BRASS RODS LLENT NATURAL QUALITIE
SOLID AND HOLLOW BRASS S AND ARE WIDELY USED I
RODSULFIL NUMEROUS IND
N AUTO MANUFACTURING,
USTRIAL AND TECHNICAL A
ELECTROLYTIC APPLICATI
PPLICATIONS, SUCH AS FIT
ONS, ART AND DECORATI
TINGS FOR PLUMBING INST
ON.
ALLATIONS, DECORATION,
MECHANICAL AND ELECTRI ˃ BRASS TUBES
CAL ENGINEERING. BRASS TUBES ARE WIDELY
˃ BRASS SHEETS USED FOR DECORATIVE, A
BRASS SHEETS WITH THEIR RCHITECTURE, AND THE L
BRIGHT SURFACE ARE SUIT IGHTING INDUSTRY.
ABLE FOR INTERNAL DECOR
ATION APPLICATIONS.

BRASS
 HARDWARE:
BRASS DOOR HANDLE
BRASS PULL HANDLE
BRASS DOOR KNOCKER
BRASS HOODED DOOR
STOP
BRASS NUMERALS
BRASS LETTER PLATE

BRASS
» PROPERTIES » USAGE
˃ LESS BRITTLE THEN IRON ˃ BUILDING RESTORATION
˃ LOW MELTING POINT ˃ ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR
˃ 10% HEAVIER THAN STEE ˃ SCULPTURE
L ˃ GUITAR AND PIANO SPRIN
˃ IT IS SOFTER AND WEAKE GS
R THAN STEEL
˃ RESISTS CORROSION
˃ CONDUCTOR OF HEAT AN
D ELECTRICITY
˃ LOW FRICTION PROPERTY

BRONZE
» CRYSTAL OF CASSITE » CHARACTERISTIC
RITE TININ ORE ˃ NAME , SYMBOL, NUMBER – T
IN, SN, 50
» PROPERTIES ˃ ELEMENT CATEGORY- POOR M
˃ MALLEABLE AND DUCTILE, HI ETAL
GHLY CRYSTALLINE ˃ APPEARANCE- SILVERY, LUST
˃ BRITTLE WHEN COOL ROUS GRAY
˃ NO METALLIC PROPERTY
˃ ALLOYING ELEMANTS MAKE IT
HARDER
˃ RESIST CORROSION
˃ CAN BE ATTACK BY STRONG A
CID
˃ A PROTECTIVE COAT FOR OT
HER STEEL

TIN
» USAGE » BENEFITS AND DEF
˃ COAT OTHER METAL TO P ECTS
REVENT CORROSION
˃ IT RESIST TO CORROSION
˃ USED IN MANY ALLOYS
FROM DISTILLED, SEA AN
˃ WIDELY USE IN FOOD PRE D SOFT TAP WATER BUT C
SEVERATION AN BE ATTACK BY STRONG
˃ WINDOW GLASS ACIDS, ALKALIS AND ACID
SALT
˃ IT CAN BE USE AS PROTEC
TIVE COAT FOR OTHER ME
TALS
˃ USED IN PANEL LIGHTING
AND FROST- FREE WIND S
HIELD

TIN
» PROPERTIES » DEFECTS
˃ MALLEABLE AND DUCTILE
˃ BLUISH-WHITE
˃ BIVALENT METAL
˃ SIMILAR TO ZINC BUT FOR
M COMPLEX COMPOUND
˃ CORROSION RESISTANT
˃ LOW COEFFICIENT OF FRI
CTION
˃ LOWEST MELTING POINT
OF ALL ALLOYS
CADMIUM
˃ THESE PIGMENTS ARE TOXI
C, AND IT IS RECOMMENDE
D TO USE A BARRIER CREA
M ON THE HANDS TO PREVE
NT ABSORPTION THROUGH
THE SKIN WHEN WORKING
WITH THEM.
˃ CADMIUM BLUE, GREEN, AN
D VIOLET DO NOT EXIST.
» USAGE
˃ BATTERIES
˃ PIGMENTS
˃ COATING
˃ PLATING
˃ BARIER IN NUCLEAR FISSI
ON
˃ USE IN MANY KIND OF SO
LDER
˃ USE IN BEARING ALLOY

CADMIUM
» PROPERTY » USAGE
˃ ANTI FERROMAGNETIC ˃ JET ENGINES
˃ PASSIVATION ˃ METAL COATING
˃ CORROSION RESISTANT ˃ USE FOR PIGMENTS AND D
˃ HIGH RESISTIVITY YES
˃ HIGH MELTING POINT ˃ MATERIAL FOR HIGH TEMP
ERATURE REFRACTORY AP
PLICATION
˃ GASOLINE ADDITIVE
˃ GLASS COLOUR ( GREEN)

CHROMIUM
» Limitations » Chromite ore
˃ HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM (CHROM
IUM(VI)) COMPOUNDS CAN BE TO
XIC IF INGESTED OR INHALED.
˃ MOST CHROMIUM(VI) COMPOUND
S ARE IRRITATING TO EYES, SKIN
AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES.
˃ CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO CHROMIU
M(VI) COMPOUNDS CAN CAUSE PE
RMANENT EYE INJURY, UNLESS PR
OPERLY TREATED.
˃ CHROMIUM SALTS (CHROMATES)
ARE ALSO THE CAUSE OF ALLERGI
C REACTIONS

CHROMIUM
» ZINC CHLORIDE IS OFTEN ADD
ED TO LUMBER AS A FIRE RET
» PROPERTIES
ARDANT AND CAN BE USED AS
A WOOD PRESERVATIVE
» IMPORTANT CHEMICAL IN DYE
S AND PIGMENTS
» USED IN LUMINESCENT PIGME
NTS
ZINC
˃ DIAMAGNETIC METAL
˃ HARD AND BRITTLE
˃ FAIR CONDUCTOR OF ELECT
RICITY
˃ LOW MELTING POINT
˃ LOW BOILING POINT
˃ REACTIVE METAL
˃ STRONG REDUCING AGENT
˃ REACT READILY WITH ACID
S , ALKALINE AND OTHER N
ON METAL
˃ ANTI CORROSION
˃ LOW VISCOSITY
» USAGE »ALLOYS
˃ ANTI CORROSION AGENT ˃ BRASS, IN WHICH COPPER I
˃ CONTEMPORARY PIPE ORG S ALLOYED WITH ANYWHERE
FROM 3% TO 45% ZINC, DEP
AN ENDING UPON THE TYPE OF
˃ SHEET METAL BRASS.
+ IT IS USEFUL IN COMMUNI
˃ WOOD PRESERVATIVE
CATION EQUIPMENT, HARD
˃ ANTI FOULING PAINTS WARE, MUSICAL INSTRUME
NTS, AND WATER VALVES.
˃ OTHER ALLOY CONTAINING Z
INC NICKEL SILVER, TYPEWR
ITER METAL, SOFT AND ALU
MINUM SOLDER, AND COMME
RCIAL BRONZE.
+ USED IN CONTEMPORARY PIPE ORGAN
S AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE TRADITI
ONAL LEAD/TIN ALLOY IN PIPES.

ZINC
» ANTI-CORROSION AND BATTERIES
» THE MOST IMPORTANT APPLICATION OF
ZINC AND THE LARGEST USE OF THE MET
AL IS AS AN ANTI-CORROSION AGENT.
» GALVANIZATION, WHICH IS THE COATIN
G OF IRON OR STEEL AS PROTECTION AG
AINST CORROSION, IS THE MOST FAMILI
AR FORM OF USING ZINC IN THIS WAY.
» ZINC IS ALSO USED TO CATHODICALLY P
ROTECT METALS THAT ARE EXPOSED TO
SEA WATER FROM CORROSION.
ZINC
» ZINC MAKES A GOOD MATERIAL
FOR THE NEGATIVE TERMINUS
OR ANODE IN BATTERIES. POW
DERED ZINC IS USED IN THIS W
AY IN ALKALINE BATTERIES AN
D SHEETS OF ZINC METAL FORM
THE CASES FOR AND ACT AS AN
ODES IN ZINC-CARBON BATTERI
ES.
» PROPERTIES » USAGE
˃ DENSE AND DUCTILE ˃ BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
˃ SOFT ˃ EXTERNAL COVERING OF R
˃ HIGH MALLEABLE OOF JOINTS
˃ PAINTS
˃ POOR ELECTRICAL CON
DUCTIVITY ˃ PLUMBING
˃ HIGHLY RESISTANT TO C ˃ SHIELDING FROM RADIATI
ON
ORROSION
˃ A COLORING ELEMENT IN
˃ LOW MELTING POINT
CERAMIC GLAZES
˃ FORM GLAZING BARS FOR
STAINED GLASS OR OTHE
R MULTI-LIT WINDOW

LEAD
LEAD
» CHARACTERISTIC » USAGES
˃ SILVERY-WHITE METAL ˃ STAINLESS STEEL
˃ COMBINATION WITH SULF ˃ MAGNETS
UR AND IRON ˃ COINAGE
˃ DIFFERENT PERCENTAGES ˃ PLATING
RESULT IN A RANGE OF C ˃ ANTIFOULING PAINTS
OLORS
˃ CORROSION-RESISTANT Z
» PROPERTIES INC PLATING OF STEEL IS
˃ MAGNETIC AT OR NEAR R THE MAJOR APPLICATION
OOM TEMPERATURE FOR ZINC
˃ HARD AND DUCTILE ˃ BATTERIES AND ALLOYS

NICKEL