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  • Anexo 3.4 - Geologia - M. Grange

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    Anexo 3.4 - Geologia - M. Grange

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    hie 1099191652121 200800047» First alkaline magmatism during Iberia-Newfoundland rifting Marion Grange," Urs Scharer," Guy Cornen® and Jacques Girardeau? ‘lascinces Azur (UMR 4526), Uist de Nie ~ Sapa Anis, Bare Vase, F-96108 NICE Cedex 02, Prac: *Labeatre &:Planeooge et Géedynamique (UMRS112), Univers de Nant, 3 Rae dela Hesse, F-44822 Nantes Cedex 0, Proc Sree adds: Deparment of Apped Geology, Carta Unive of Tecan, Kent St Baling 312, Bentley, WA 6102, tras ABSTRACT ‘The age and origin of alkaline rocks emplaced into the sediments ofthe ritelated continental Lusitaian basin were Investigated to constrain earliest magmatic activity occuring por ta oceanic plate formation between Iberia and New. foundland. The U-Pb ttante ages are 146.5 + 1.6 (2oSTERR), 145.3 + 14 and 1423 + 1.0 Ma, and initial Pb isotopic ratios of feldspars leat 18.418-18,978 for *"/?™Pb, at 15.594 15,25 for *"Pb/**Pb and at 37.105-39.216 for P,P, Initial "Sts ratios measured in the same feldspar fractions lie at 0.705403-0,706462. This episode of magmatic activity Introduction ‘The scope of this paper isto elucidate the age and origin of alkaline magma tism that occurred in relation to rifting ‘of the Tberia-North America plate Such rifting caused the formation of the Lusitanian basin such as illustrated in Fig. la. First’ manifestations of Pangaean rifting are marked by the injection of about 200 Ma old basaltic dykes (eg. Marzoliet a, 1999; Verali £1 al, 2007 followed by opening of the ‘Tethyan-Allantic o2ean tothe south of the Iberia-North America plate Fig, 1a). After onset of rifting. be- tween Iberia and Newfoundland, rst ‘oceanic lithosphere formation is Gated by the first sealoor-spreading-type ‘magnetic anomalies, at about 130— 125 Ma (MO-M3, known as J-Anom= aly, Fig. Ib; Seba eral, 1991; Féraud eral, 1996; Olivet, 1996; Pinheiro tal, 1996; Sibuet ef al, 2007). Beside the 200-Ma-old Pangaean dykes and the Lusitanian magmas, small volumes of pre-cceanic basaltic magmas were emplaced into the rifting subeontinen- tal mantle, such asthe 137.5- to 133.7 Ma-old gabbros of the Gorringe bank (ig. Ib; Scharer etal, 2000). In con- trast to the early Pangaean dykes and Gorsinge magmatism, the age and analyses. extension and Correspondence: Marion Grange, Depart ment of Applied Geology, Carta, Univer= sity of Technology, Kent St, Building 312, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. Tel “+61 85266 796%, fax: +61 89266 3153; mal m grange @ourin eda 494 origin of alkaline magmas in the Lu- sitanian basin are poorly known. We have therefore investigated the three freshest and representative magmatic complexes through U-Pb dating of titanite, Pb-Sr isotope data from fla spars and major and trace elements ‘The Lusitanian basin Rifhing caused intense normal fault- ing, often occurring along reactivated Hrereynian structures suchas the large Nazare fault (Figs 2 and 3: Proenga (Cunha and Pena dos Reis, 1995). Such strong stretching led to the formation of the sedimentary Lustanian basin (e. Montenat eal, 1988), which is the ‘main tectonic structure formed during rifling. On the continent, it extends from Sines to Aveco, continuing off shore up to the Galicia Interior Basin (Figs tb and 2). This phase of exten sion is associated with the rotation of tilted blocs of upper continental lith- ‘sphere accompanied by fan-shaped sediment accumulation, identifed on acoustic and seismic profiles (Sibuet and Ryan, 1973), Rapid deposition of ‘deep carbonates over shallow detrital deposits is indicative of fast basin deepening and subsidence leading to the accumulation of a. Sckm-thice Sedimentary cover, deposited at rates reaching up to 200'm per million years (Hiscott eta, 1950), Riftrelated continental magmatic complexes within the Lusitanian basin lasting for at least 4.2 = 2.6 Myr most likly marks a phase of ‘maximum lithospheric thinning during which zones of weak ness were created to allow deep magmas to reach the surface. Such zones are preferentially re-activated Palaeozoic faults of the erin plate. The isotope data suggest that the dominant volume of alkaline magmas was generated by partial melting of the metasomatized subcontnental Iberian ‘mantle, Tera Nova, 20, 494-503, 2008 com to be restricted to the northern part of the basin, where they intrude the entire Lustanian basin sediments, constituted of continental as well as deep-water sediments (Fig, 3). They are strongly clustered representing only a small total volume of magma, with most of them being emplaced in elation to fault activity and salt apitism (Fig. 2; Montenat et al, 1988; Wilson eal, 1989; Procnsa Cunha and Pena dos Reis, 1995), Sample descriptions Itis important to note thatthe studied rocks were taken from by far the largest and least altered exposures of the northern Lusitenian basi, Other much smaller outcrops are strongly altered, which sa general problem for the entire basin, together with dense vegetation and urbanization making sampling difficult. Locations of the three samples are indicated in Fig. 2, and major and trace element data are listed in Table 1. Corresponding TAS. diagram and trace and RE-clements patterns are displayed in Fig. 4. The ‘monzodiorite (PT-I0A) constitutes the Sao Bartolomeu plug a few kilo- metres east of Nazare. This altered rock is composed of plagioclase and Kefeldspar as major phases, with a large part of them being transformed into white mica. A minor phase is clinopyroxene, partially replaced by {green amphibole and secondary Quartz, Titanite is the only entirely preserved primary magmatic phase lithospheric © 200 aval ating a Tera Noi, Vol 20, No.6, 494-503 Grange etal + Fin aaine magmatism ding beo-Newounand tng The alkali miero-gabbro (PT-11A) has been collected on the eastle hill of the eity of Leiria tis strongly altered showing scarce plagioeases, mostly transformed into white mica. Clino pyroxene are better preserved than in the monzodiorite (PT-IOA) but tita- nite is vey sparse. Both rocks include rramerous vesicles filled with Fe- hydroxide, zzolite and prehnite, The transition from coarse-grained to vesicular structures corroborates the subvoleanic origin of the magmatic complexes, The third sample (PT-3SB) js also an alkali micro-gabbro, sam- pled from the northernmost intrusion iaasiiee? |S Fesvemage | feeorded ia. the Lasanian bas, | fiserantnc Tocted a few klometes to the NE | Binns Of the city of Soure. The outtop is composed of fine to coarse-grained rocks. In the contsest. lithology, iw. row m7 plagioclase and clinopyroxene are well preserved and primary magmatic tla- bites our as abundant large crystals. Other mineral phases are completely altered, As described above, the three Tocks studied show various degrees of alteration; nevertheless, even if the rocks look altered some minerals are well preserved among them. More- ‘over, for isotopic analyses, each tta- nite’ and feldspar have been handpicked one by one, and selected from theless altered or even unaltered rains, and then washed in acid bath prior 10 dissolution (see footnotes, ‘Table 2, Jester] ty field (TAS. diagram, Fig. 4a) with the monzodiorite(PT-I0A) being Ihe tmost allaline rock, plotting in the ttachy-andesite field. The other two tocks are only slighty alkaline and Significantly Tess evolved, lying in the baslitrachyte felds, Chondete-nor- malized REE. patterns (Fig, 40) a Homogeneous having (La/Yb)y be- tween 583 and 6175. They are batwera 50 and 100 times chondrite enriched Fig, 1 ()Palacograpic reconstruction of the reson prior o fommationoftheeastera for LREE, and between 10 and 20 ‘Nenh avanti (Gedmacher ee, 2000,eorrerponding to a tine of abou 15S Ma times for HREE. The monzodioste {Stampa and Borel, 202). Shown are the already formed AUlaate-Tetyan oceanic PT-10A) displays «small postive Eu Saar between the Affi andthe Teria-Norh Amerie plntesand location ofthe anomaly (Ew/Eu* = 1.20), For refer- zones ing such a ihe Lastasian basin. (©) Sbemaictap ofthe Iberian margin ence is given () a dried basalt (ODP {D's aca! poston, dspoying the Lustanian basa andthe diferent geolopel Site 8598) of the Tberian Abyssal this dstngushed in een lle Preto ef, 1990, The tars show the ODP Plain showing a very similar patera Siig Holes used inthe text and gues. (Comen eral, 1999), and. (i) oo (9208 ciel big ad 495 Fist laine magmatism ding theta Newoundland ing © M. Grange et a Atlantic Ss aa zal bees ocean sout® ae wiles Nazare fault ? oe prs oe La ay a B06 e “et pe SES ~~ forranssreraaay etc uses [Justa tan sediments [ - _|Eeeemenans cin ‘ann rr] raw 4 Nagmatcinsons a 2% Sampleoeions Fig. 2 Schematic map of the Lusitanian Basin (rame in Fig. Ib; after Montenat Lal, 1988) showing locations of the three samples studied here: PT-IOA at Sao Barclomeu, P-IIA at Leta, and PT-38B at Soure. The small stars indicate other, in general very sal exposures of alkaline rocks, not investigated in detail so far. fields of REE-patterns defined by Galicia Bank, and the drilled basalt. Golertes and basalts intruding the A third data eld compares REE- peridotites along the Galicia Bank patterns of other dolerites and basalts {Cihazot et al, 2005). The exact age from the same drill-tole (ODP Site of these reference intrusions remains 8998; Seifert etal, 1997). tinknown but they are considered to U-Pb dating results of titanite frac- have been emplaced during the main tions from the three simples are rifing phase between Iberia and New- shown in Table 2 and corresponding Foundland, N-MORB normalized Concordia diagrams are presented in trace elements patterns Fig. 4c) show Fig. 5. The fractions analysed are that all three rocks are about 30-40 between 0.207 and 0.305 mg. in times enriched in most incompatible weight, representing between two and clements (LILE and HFSE). For com- 20 grains each. Individual euhedral parion are also shown the two fields pleochroic exystals are between 0.07 Of dolerites and basalts from the and 0.40 mm in length varying from 496 “era Nowa, Vol 20, No, 6 494-502 yellow 10 brown in colour. Opaque fand translucent inclusions reach ‘maximum of about § vol.% and were fxcluded from analyses as far as possible, Uranium concentrations lie between 12 and 6t ppm. and mex sured ™Pb/*Pbvratios range from 42 to 383. To correct for inital Pb in Uianite and trace the origin of the magmas, U-Pb isotope analyses were performed on about 10 mg fractions Of feldspar extracted from the same rock (Table 3). ‘Corrected for such initial Pb, eight titanite fractions from the monzodi- ote —(PT-IOA) give a mean eppAMyage of 146.5 + 1.6 Ma o standard error) and six fractions fof the fist micro-gabbro, (PT-ITA) Gefine a mean Pb/"U-age of 142.3 4 L.0Ma. For the second micro-gabbro (PT-35B), six titanite fractions yield a mean PLU. age of 1453 4 14 Ma. Errors on these ages integrate uncertainties on Pb blanks, mass-fractionation, isoto- pie tracer and common lead correc: tions (Table 2). These ages indicate the latest Jurassic. to. the earliest Cretaceous times (Tithonian-Berti- asian; Gradstein etal, 2004) of alka Tine magmatism. AU U-Pb ages are ‘exclusively derived {com *Pb"*U. ratios because *”Pb/™°U-ratios show Targe seater because of large analyt= fecal uncertainties induced on *”Pb by the correction for commen Pb. ‘Besides U-Pb isotope analyses of feldspar fractions to obtain initial Pb isotopic composition, the same frac tions were used for Rb-Sr isotope analyses to determine initial Sr iso- topic compositions of the magmas (Table 3) For both systems, measured ratios were corrected for in-situ decay of U and Rb, respectively, using the U-Pb titaite age of the rock. The former correction is very small and it does not in uence the “*Pb/*U age fof the rock. Corrected initial isotopic compositions are the same within errors than the uncorrected inital ratios, Corrected initial Pb ratios (Bb) range from 18418 to 18.978 for PLAMP (a), from 15.595 to 15,925 for *"Pb/*™Pb (f.) and from 37.108 to 39.216 for ™*PO™Pb (1), land initial Sr ratios (Sr) lie between 0.70834 and 0.70646. Figure 5 shows correlation diagrams for ad vs. iy ai vs. Se and By vs Sr; compared ‘with initial isotope signatures of (i) © 2008 ub at era Nova, Vol 20, No. 6, 434-503, Present-day cross section in the Leitia salt diapir rae faut Fig. 3 Cross-section of the Leiria diapir (Teincica etal, 1968) and the reactivated Hereynian Nazare faut (Rasmussen eral, 1998), Sediments of the Lusitanian basin ‘were deposited since Upper Triassic times. Magias shown in black rise along the fault in association with the mobilization of the Triassic evaporates of the Dagorda Formation. The total width of the cross-section is around 8 km. MORE-sources (GEOROC and Pet- DB databases), (3) OTB-sources (Salt ers and White, 1998; Lassiter e” al, 2003), (i) reference values for sub- continental mantle (Davies er al, 200; Schmidberger et al, 2001; San- tos etal, 2002; Lucassen et a, 2005), and Gv) a few initial isotope data reported for the much younger, 105- to 98Ma-old Newfoundland” sils (art and Blustajn, 2006) ‘The three new U-Pb titanite ages of 1465 + 1.6 Qo STERR), 145.3 + 14 and 1423 = 10 Ma substantiate a ‘major period of continental (latest Jurassic to the earliest Cretaceous) alkaline magmatism lasting for atleast 42.4 2.6 Myr, This period is about S Myr older than the 137.5. and 135.7-Ma gubbro emplacements into the subcontinental mantle of the Gorringe Bank (Schirer er a, 2000). These two groups of U-Pb ages date oldest rift-related magmatic activities Known so far for the Iberia-New- foundland sifting, aking place about 20 Myr prior to first AUlantic litho- sphere formation between Iberia and Newfoundland (Barremian 125— 130 Ma, Whitmarsh and Miles, 1995; Jagoutz et al, 2007). The question remains open’ whether or not older ‘magmatic phases exist but the scarcity fof such rocks within or outside the © 208 btn LLusitanian basin seriously limits for- ther studies, and sampling inthe offshore domain of the basin has not been undertaken So far. An additional important dificulty is the degree of alteration in these rocks either in Continental or oceanic settings, and only the U-Pb chronometer in acces- sory minerals such as titanite and 2rcon has potentially preserved origi- nal age information. Chronometers such as Rb-Sr and K-Ar Arn) can therefore not be used to obtai precise ages, possibly with the excep fion of WAr/¥Ar dating of fresh feldspars, not done so far. Earlier cited. but unpublished K-Ar dating fof whole-rock samples, and not on minerals, necessarily suffer from this handicap and only very approximate ages were given ranging between 165, and 130 Ma (Ferreira and Macedo, 1983). The new ages, obtained on titanites from rocks Tocated in the northernmost part of the basin lie in the range of these earlier dates, with the main diference that we cannot confirm the occurrence of a magmatic period lasting as long as. 38 Myr Feaching back to 165 Ma. Further search for adequate outcrops with fresh minerals should be undertaken, which will be limited to. the few ‘occurrences of similar rocks in the central part of the basin, with the southern sector lacking outcrops Fig. 15). 1M, Grange etal « Fst laine magmatism droga Newoundand ting Table 1 Major and trace elements con- centrations of the stgied samples, ‘0 locaton martelomeut see 08 50, woe, 5730, Ads 1583 Fes 139 mao ao Nao Ko 1; Fo Tat a0 + Ko © o ow BeeEoE Bo ms vas an a0 ae 190 asi . 335 10 ant 5B 87s 10 105 oa geese sgaeegeron

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