Verb To be (simple present) Verbos modales

I am Student I am not Student Am I Student ? Cambian al verbo que les precede, más no son nada sin él.
You are Student You are not Student Are you Student ? Presente Pasado Futuro
He, She, It is Student He, She, It is not Student Is he, she, it Student ? Can Could have+PP puede-o / puede-o haber (sin permiso) To be able ser posible
We are Student We are not Student Are we Student ? Will Would desearé / desearía Would desearía
You are Student You are not Student Are you Student ? Should Should have+PP debería / debería haber … ---------
They are Student They are not Student Are they Student ? Shall deberé ---------
May-Might May-Might have+Part.Pasado puede-podría / puede-podría haber...(con permiso) May indica un mayor
Verb To be (simple past) Must Must have+PP debe / debe haber --------- grado de certeza que Might
I was Student I was not Student Was I Student ? Artículo indeterminado Artículo determinado Pronombres demostrativos
You were Student You were not Student Were you Student ? a / an The This / That (sing.) These / Those (plural)
He, She, It was Student He, She, It was not Student Was he, she, it Student ? Genitivo sajón
We were Student We were not Student Were we Student ? El caso genitivo indica posesión o pertenencia de una persona. Sust. poseedor + " ' " + "s" + Sust. poseído
You were Student You were not Student Were you Student ? Cuando el poseedor sea un nombre propio (personas o lugares), no lleva artículo.
They were Student They were not Student Were they Student ? My son's school Rafa Benitez's reds Charles's wife
Si el sustantivo poseedor es un plural regular (acaba en -s), o de origen clásico, sólo añade el apóstrofe " ' "
Verb To be (simple future) (Usamos el verbo modal "will") My sisters' bedroom Archimedes' law
S will be Student S will not be Student Will S be a student? Si existe más de un poseedor, sólo se añade " ' " + "s" al último
Tom and Paul's new record
Verb To have (simple present) Genitivo normando
I have money I have not money Have I money ? La construcción con "of" se usa con sustantivos que designan objetos inanimados o el poseedor no es una persona
You have money You have not money Have you money ? The doors of the room
He, She, It has money He, She, It has not money Has he, she, it money ? Preposiciones
We have money We have not money Have we money ? Excepto con but y except, los verbos que van detrás de una preposición van en gerundio (-ing)
You have money You have not money Have you money ? * De tiempo: at, on, in, on time, in time, to, until, during, for
They have money They have not money Has they money ? * De lugar: from, on, off, in, at, over, under, above, below, by
* Otras: of, from, out of, into, among, between, like, as, across, after, against, all over, along, apart from,
Verb To have (simple past) around, as far as, because of, before, behind, beside, besides, beyond, but, glose to,
S had money S had not money Had S money ? despite, down, in front of, in spite of, inside, instead of, minus, near, next to, opposite,
outside, past, per, plus, round, through, throughout, toward(s), unlike, up, with, without
Verb To have (simple future) (Usamos el verbo modal "will") Adjetivos
S will have money S will not have money Will S have money ? Demostrativos:
This este, esta, esto
Verb To do (simple present) (don't) That ese, esa, eso, aquel, aquella, aquello
I do anything for love I do not anything Do I anything ? These estos, estas
You do anything for love You do not anything Do you anything ? Those esos, esas, aquellos, aquellas
He, She, It does anything for love He, She, It does not anything Does he, she, it anything ? Posesivos:
We do anything for love We do not anything Do we anything ? my mi
You do anything for love You do not anything Do you anything ? your tu
They do anything for love They do not anything Do they anything ? his / her / its su (de él, ella, ello)
our nuestro/a
Verb To do (simple past) (didn't) your vuestro/a
S did anything for love S did not anything Did S anything ? their su /sus (de ellos, ellas)
Indefinidos:
Verb To do (simple future) (Usamos el verbo modal "will") Quantifiers: some, any, all, one, much, many, little, few, …
I shall/will do anything for love I will not do anything Will I do anything ? Distributives: both, either, neither, each, every, other, …
You will do anything for love You will not do anything Will You do anything ? Otros: a great deal of, a good deal, a lot of, enough, how much?, how many?, no (not any),
He, She, It will do anything for love He, She, It will not do anything Will He, She, It do anything ? plenty of, several, too many, too much, whole, …
We shall/will do anything for love We will not do anything Will We do anything ? Calificativos: Son aquellos que expresan una cualidad del nombre. Siempre van delante del nombre.
You will do anything for love You will not do anything Will You do anything ? Los adjetivos determinativos son los que van detrás del verbo "to be". También van delante del nombre.
They will do anything for love They will not do anything Will They do anything ? Atributivos: Adj.+ Nombre A yellow submarine
Predicativos: Nombre + Verbo predicativo + Adj. The table is round
Present simple (verbo en infinitivo + -es / Do-Does) (se usa la contracción doesn't) (el adverbio not puede estar en las dos posiciones) Atributivos subjetivos: beautiful, ugly, good, bad, clever, stupid, …
I study French I do not study French Do I study French? Atributivos objetivos: red, yelloy, round, Spanish, …
You study French You do not study French Do you study French? Orden de los atributivos objetivos: Tamaño (size)+edad(age)+forma(shape)+color(colour)
He, She, It studies French He, She, It does not study French Does he, she, it study French? +origen(origin)+material(material)+nombre(noun) A small red German car
We study French We do not study French Do we study French? Comparativos y superlativos:
You study French You do not study French Do you study French? Los adjetivos monosílabos forman el comparativo añadiendo -er (than) y el superlativo añadiendo (the) - est
They study French They do not study French Do they study French? ej. Thick - Thicker (than) - the Thickest (grueso, más grueso, el más grueso)
Excepciones: tired, real, right, wrong, bored.
Past simple (ponemos el verbo en pasado que se forma añadiendo "-ed"; para los verbos irregulares hay que estudiar cada caso) * Los adjetivos monosílabos si terminan en una sola consonante precedida de una sola vocal,
S worked from home S didn't work from home Did S eat fast ? duplican la consonante final. thin - thinner (than) - the thinnest
* Los A. monosílabos terminados en -y precedida de consonante cambian la -y por una -ier (than) / (the) -iest
Future simple with "going to" (certidumbre) (verbo To be en presente + "going to" + verbo sin "to") dry - drier (than) - the driest
I am going to study I am not going to study Am I going to study ? * Los A. monosílabos terminados en -e sólo añaden una -r (than) en el comparativo y una -st en el superlativo
You are going to study You are not going to study Are you going to study ? nice - nicer (than) - the nicest
He, She, It is going to study He, She, It is not going to study Is he, she, it going to study ? * Los adjetivos de dos sílabas acabados en -ful, -re, -ing siguen las reglas de los de 3 o más sílabas
We are going to study We are not going to study Are we going to study ? clever - more cleverer (than) - the most cleverest
You are going to study You are not going to study Are you going to study ? * Los adjetivos de dos sílabas NO acabados en -ful, -re siguen las reglas de los adjetivos monosílabos
They are going to study They are not going to study Are they going to study ? young - younger (than) - the youngest
* Los adjetivos de tres o más sílabas forman el comparativo anteponiendo more y el superlativo
Future simple with "will" (predicción) and "shall" (mandato para 1ª pers. sing/plural) (se usa el verbo modal will/shall + el verbo sin "to"; se usa la contracción 'll y won't) anteponiendo the most expensive - more expensive (than) - the most expensive
I shall/will study I shan't / won't buy a new car Shall/Will I study ? * Adjetivos con el comparativo y el superlativo irregulares:
You will study You won't buy a new car Will You study ? comparativo superlativo
He, She, It will study He, She, It won't buy a new car Will He, She, It study ? Good better best
We shall/will study We shan't / won't buy a new car Shall/Will We study ? Bad worse worst
You will study You won't buy a new car Will You study ? Much more most
They will study They won't buy a new car Will They study ? Little less least Se usa delante de Sustantivos incontables
Few fewer fewest Se usa delante de Sustantivos contables (plurales)
Conditional simple (S + would + verbo sin "to" +C) Far farther / further farthest / furthest
S would study French S would not study French Would S study French? Late later / latter latest / (the) last
Old older / elder oldest / eldest
Present continuos (verbo "to be" en presente + verbo en gerundio) Para señalar mayores cantidades se utiliza more/most, para menores cantidades utilizamos less/least y
I am studying I am not studying Am I studying ? fewer/fewest. Con los sujetos contables se utiliza fewer/fewest, y con los incontables utilizamos less/least
You are studying You are not studying Are you studying ? fewer chairs than …/ less money than … The fewest chairs / The least money
He, She, It is studying He, She, It is not studying Is he, she, it studying ? (The) + Superlativo + in (lugar) / of (demás casos) …
We are studying We are not studying Are we studying ? Comparación de inferioridad:
You are studying You are not studying Are you studying ? Less + Adj. (en grado positivo) + Than
They are studying They are not studying Are they studying ? María is less beautiful than I am
Comparación de igualdad:
Past continuos (verbo "to be" en pasado + verbo en gerundio) As + Adj. (en grado positivo) + As
I was studying I wasn't studying was I studying ? Madonna is as famous as Michael Jackson
You were studying You weren't studying were You studying ? (negativa) Not so/as + Adj. (en grado positivo) + As
He, She, It was studying He, She, It wasn't studying was He, She, It studying ? Piqué is not so/as good as Messi
We were studying We weren't studying were We studying ? Comparación de superioridad:
You were studying You weren't studying were You studying ? Adj. (en grado comparativo) + Than
They were studying They weren't studying were They studying ? Claudia Schiffer is more beautiful than Jennifer Aniston
Grado superlativo relativo:
Future continuos (verbo "to be" en futuro + verbo en gerundio) Some people think that Kaká is the best footballer in the world
S will be studying S will not be studying Will S be studying ? (suele ir precedido de the) in (lugar) / of (demás casos) …
Grado superlativo absoluto:
Conditional continuos (S + would + "be" + verbo en gerundio + C) * Con most Everybody has been most kind
S would be studying S would not be studying Would S be studying ? * Con really / extremely It's really good for you
* Con very ó very very It's very very expensive
Present perfect simple (verbo "to have" en presente + "participio pasado") (En los verbos regulares, el pasado y el participio pasado se forman añadiendo "-ed" al final) Otras estructuras relacionadas con la comparación:
I have played I haven't played have I played ? Most (la mayoría, la mayor parte de …, formar superlativo) He run most quickly
You have played You haven't played have You played ? Adj. Comp. + and + Adj. Comp. Things are becoming more and more expensive all this time
He, She, It has played He, She, It hasn't played has He, She, It played ? The +Adj. Comp. … + The + Adj. Comp. … The sonner the better
We have played We haven't played have We played ? Sujeto+Verbo+"as much"+Sustantivo incontable+"as" … He has as much money as Susan
You have played You haven't played have You played ? Sujeto+Verbo+"as many"+Sustantivo contable+"as" … He has as many friends as Matt
They have played They haven't played have They played ? Sujeto+Verbo+"twice as much"+Sust. incontable+"as" … He has twice as much money as Susan
Sujeto+Verbo+"half as many"+Sustantivo incontable+"as" … He has half as many money as Matt
Past perfect simple (verbo "to have" en pasado + "participio pasado") As + Adj. + As + Sustantivo (más … que …) As mad as a hatter
S had played S hadn't played had S played ? Comparación con adverbios:
* Hay adverbios y adjetivos que tienen la misma forma A hard day / He hit hard
Future perfect simple (verbo "to have" en futuro + "participio pasado") * Los adverbios terminados en -ly forman el comparativo con more y el superlativo con most
S will have played S will not have played Will S have played ? She works more quickly than her husband
Sustantivos contables y no contables
Conditional perfect simple (S + would have + "participio pasado" + C) Son sustantivos contables aquellos que se pueden contar, que tienen plural.
S would have played S would not have played Would S have played ? Son sustantivos incontables aquellos que no se pueden contar, que no tienen plural (mass nouns)
* Los nombres incontables no pueden ir precedidos del artículo indeterminado (a, an)
Present perfect continuos (verbo "to be" en presente perfecto + verbo en gerundio) Si se quiere singularizar, debemos anteponerles una frase con valor partitivo.
I have been playing I haven't been playing Have I been playing ? A piece of bread A glass of water
You have been playing You haven't been playing Have You been playing ? * Los nombres incontables no tienen plural. Para cuantificarlos, debemos cuantificar sus correspondientes partitivos
He, She, It has been playing He, She, It hasn't been playing has He, She, It been playing ? Three pieces of bread Two glass of water
We have been playing We haven't been playing Have We been playing ? * Los nombres incontables no pueden ir determinados por un número cardinal, ni por many, few, these, those, both,
You have been playing You haven't been playing Have You been playing ? several, another.
They have been playing They haven't been playing Have They been playing ? Se admite en cambio much, little.
How much money has Vincent spent? We have little money
Past perfect continuos (verbo "to be" en pasado perfecto + verbo en gerundio) * Se admite para determinar tanto a sustantivos contables como incontables: some, any, plenty of, a lot of,
S had been playing S hadn't been playing Had S been playing ? enough, all, the, this, that.
This beer is very expensive I've got all day
Future perfect continuos (verbo "to be" en futuro perfecto + verbo en gerundio) * Los sustantivos incontables sin artículo tienen valor genérico Rice is a plant
S will have been playing S will not have been playing Will S have been playing ? * Hay sustantivos que cambian de significado según sean contables o incontables
Ice hielo helado
Conditional perfect continuos (S + would have been + verbo en gerundio + C) Country campo país
S would have been playing S would not have been playing Would S have been playing ? Glass cristal vaso, gafas
Wood madera bosque
Future / Present / Past conditional (1ª claúsula) (verbo en presente / pasado / pasado perfecto simple) Iron hierro plancha
If I win / won / had won the lottery Saludos Paper papel periódico, artículo, conferencia
If You win / won / had won the lottery Hallo! ¡Hola! Time tiempo vez
If He, She, It win / won / had won the lottery Good morning Buenos días Tin hojalata lata
If We win / won / had won the lottery Good afternoon Buenas tardes Chocolate chocolate bombón
If You win / won / had won the lottery Good evening Buenas noches * Algunos sustantivos incontables tienen forma de plural
If They win / won / had won the lottery Good night Buenas noches - despedirse Politics doesn't interest me (La política no me interesa)
* Hay sustantivos que son incontables en inglés y contables en español
Future / Present / Past conditional (2ª claúsula) (futuro / condicional / condicional perfecto, seguido de verbo en presente / presente / participio pasado) "De nada" Three pieces of advice (Tres consejos)
I shall-will / should-would / -should have -would have- play / play / played tennis That's all right Pronombres interrogativos
You will / would / -would have- play / play / played tennis That's okay Who … ? quién, quienes ... (personas) Adverbios interrogativos
He, She, It will / would / -would have- play / play / played tennis you're wellcome Whom …? quién, quienes ... (personas actuando como COD) How …? cómo …
We shall-will / should-would / -should have -would have- play / play / played tennis Not at all Whose …? de quién, de quienes … (personas) Where …? dónde …
You will / would / would have play / play / played tennis Don't mention it What … ? qué, cual, cuales … (cosas, y en ciertos casos a personas) When …? cuándo …
They will / would / would have play / play / played tennis Which …? cuál, cuáles … (tanto a personas como cosas) Wherever … ? dónde demonios/diablos…
Miscelanea Whoever … ? qué diablos … , qué demonios … (personas)
Llegar a. Whatever … ? qué diablos … , qué demonios … (cosas)
arrive in (país, gran ciudad) Pronombres personales, posesivos y reflexivos
arrive at (todo lo demás) Los pronombres personales van delante del nombre y los pronombres complemento van detrás del verbo.
to get to (todo lo demás) PRONOMBRES POSESIVOS PRON. REFLEXIVOS
Precios en inglés Personales Compl. Obj. Dir.o Ind. Adjetivos (delante Sust.) Pronombres (detrás Verbo) (detrás Verbo o preposición)
Sterling pound (Libra esterlina) L 50.30 I me (me) my (mi) mine (mía) myself (mí mismo)
Pence (penique) you you (te) your (tu) yours (tuya) yourself (tú mismo)
Formas de "comida" he him (le) his (su-él) his (suya-él) himself (él mismo)
meal (función fisiológica - lunch, breakfast, dinner) she her (la) her (su-ella) hers (suya-ella) herself (ella mismo)
food (alimento) it it (lo) its (su-ello) itself (ello mismo)
lunch (hora de comer) we us (nos) our (nuestro/a) ours (nuestro/a) outselves (nosotros/as mismos/as)
Preposiciones de dirección you you (les) your (vuestro/a) yours (vuestro/a) yourselves (vostros/as mismos/as)
from (de, desde) to (a, hacia) they them (los) their (su-ellas/ellos) theirs (suyo/a-ellos/ellas) thenselves (ellos/as mismos/as)
Pronombres recíprocos Prepositional Verbs and Phrasal Verbs
Dos o más sujetos ejecutan la acción del verbo, y a la vez la reciben mutuamente. Son verbos que constan de dos partes: el verbo + una preposición o partícula adverbial

Each other (el uno al otro) We do not hate each other / one another (hasta 2 sujetos) a) Prepositional verbs
One another (el uno al otro) Do you, Henry and Michael know one another? (más de 2 sujetos) Los "prepositional verbs" (verbos preposicionales) constan de un verbo más una preposición.
La preposición siempre va detrás del objeto y en las oraciones interrogativas suelen posicionarse al final.
Pronombres relativos
Who que / (a) quién … (el antecedente es una persona) The man who won the race I'm waiting for you
Which que … (el antecedente NO es una persona) This is the car which we sold last year Who are you waiting for?
That que … (el antecedente puede ser o no una persona) The children that I saw in the street
(nunca lleva delante una preposición) b) Phrasal verbs
Whom (a) quién/es … (realiza función de COD Ó COI, o lleva una preposición) But who has been hitting whom? Los phrasal verbs (verbos frasales) constan de dos partes: el propio verbo más una partícula adverbial.
Whose cuyo/a/os/as … (el antecedente es una persona o cosa) This is the car whose tyres are flat Muchas veces un phrasal verb tiene el mismo significado que un verbo normal.
What lo que / eso que / la cosa que … (conlleva su antecedente) I don't know wath to say En este caso utilizaremos los phrasal verbs para hablar de una manera más informal.
(debe usarse which si tiene como antecedente a toda la oración anterior) He say that he was very poor, which was true
A veces se suprime el pronombre relativo (contact clauses) find out = discover = descubrir

Whoever Whoever it was they got me in trouble Quienquiera que fuese me metió en un problema La diferencia entre una preposición y una partícula adverbial es que la preposición está unida a un COD (sustantivo o pronombre)
Whatever son formas enfáticas Whatever he becomes Llegue a ser lo que llegue a ser y una partícula adverbial forma parte y depende solo del verbo.
Whichever Strike out wichever is not desired Tacha cualquier cosa que no se desee
Veamos la diferencia con el ejemplo live down que puede actuar como verbo preposicional y también como verbo adverbial.
There + Be
El verbo To be precedido del sujeto aparente There equivale al verbo impersonal "haber" a) preposicional: He lives down the street En este caso, down es una preposición. Va unida a the street. ( Él vive abajo de la calle.)
b) adverbial: He lived down that incident. En este caso, down es una partícula adverbial que va unida y depende directamente del verbo.
There is somebody in the house (Olvidó ese accidente)
There are some exceptions to every rule / There aren't any exceptions to every rule / Are there any exceptions to every rule?
En plural, en lugar de a/an usamos some para el afirmativo, y any para el negativo y el interrogativo Los verbos compuestos pueden ser transitivos o intransitivos, según lleven o no un complemento objeto directo en forma de
There was anything left? sintagma nominal (grupo de palabras que actúan con una función determinada, p.e. COD). De ello dependerá el orden de la frase.
There were some coins on the table / There were any coins on the table / There were any coins on the table
En plural, en lugar de a/an usamos some para el afirmativo, y any para el negativo y el interrogativo Haremos una clasificación según lo anterior mencionado:
There will be an answer
Will there be life after death? 1) Prepositional verbs (verbos preposicionales)
En plural, en lugar de a/an usamos some para el afirmativo, y any para el negativo y el interrogativo VERBO + PREPOSICIÓN + COMPLEMENTO DIRECTO
There has been a very interesting film on television transitivo (que lleva complemento directo)
There have been three accidents 1: La preposición va entre en verbo y el complemento directo
En plural, en lugar de a/an usamos some para el afirmativo, y any para el negativo y el interrogativo Looking at him you'd never guess he is a policeman.
There must be somebody there
2) Phrasal verbs (verbos adverbiales)
Advervios de lugar VERBO + PARTÍCULA ADVERBIAL + COMPLEMENTO DIRECTO
Responden a la pregunta Where? transitivo (que lleva complemento directo)
here, there, upstairs, downstairs, abroad, above, in the street … 1: Si el complemento es un sustantivo, la partícula adverbial podrá ir detrás del verbo o detrás del complemento
Advervios de tiempo look (something) up: consultar algo -en un libro-
Responden a la pregunta When? He looked up the word - He looked the word up
Advervios de frecuencia yet, still, already, soon, now, late, then, when, recently, tonite, before, after, any longer, no longer … 2: Si el complemento es un pronombre, la partícula irá siempre detrás.
Responden a la pregunta How often? cheer (somebody) up: animar a alguien
always, never, sometimes, ever, now and then, often, seldom, usually, hardly ever, rarely, frequently, generally … I wanted to get him something to cheer him up.
Advervios de modo
Responden a la pregunta How? VERBO + PARTÍCULA ADVERBIAL
well, fast, quietly, easily, difficulty, carefully, in a friendly way … intransitivo (que no lleva complemento directo)
Un buen número de adverbios se forman añadiendo el sufijo -ly (-mente) al adjetivo. 1: En estos la partícula va colocada inmediatamente después del verbo.
Si nos encontramos al final de una misma oración un adverbio de lugar, otro de tiempo y otro de modo, el orden será: Modo+Lugar+Tiempo (MALETA) The machine has broken down
Advervios de grado
Expresan el grado de realización de una oración. VERBO +PARTÍCULA ADVERBIAL+ PREPOSICIÓN+ COMPLEMENTO DIRECTO
Almost, as, enough, nearly, pretty, quite, too, very, fairly, rather, from end to end … transitivo (que lleva complemento directo)
Advervios de cantidad 1: Contienen dos partículas, la primera partícula funciona como adverbio y la segunda como preposición.
little, much, very much … No se admite la colocación de un componente entre las partículas.
Advervios interrogativos He ran away from the police.
When …?, How far …? She came in for dinner.
Advervios relativos El Alfabeto
Where …?, In which …? A ei N en
B bi: O ou
Let's C si: P pi
Se trata del modo imperativo para la primera persona del plural. D di: Q kiu
E i: R a:
Afirmativa Let + "us" + verbo sin "to" Let's go! ¡Vamos! F ef S es
Negativa Let + "us" + "not" + verbo sin "to" Let's not go! ¡No vamos! G dyi: T ti
H eitch U iu
Say - Tell I ai V vi:
Los dos significan "decir", pero "to tell" va acompañado obligatoriamente del complemento indirecto, mientras que "to say" no suele llevarlo. J dyei W dabliu
K kei X eks
I told him it was wrong L el Y uaid
I said it was wrong M em Z sed

Ask- Tell Formación del gerundio (present participle)

Son dos verbos de voluntad que expresan mandato, ruego, consejo, deseo, etc. Y sus contrarios, prohibición, oposición, etc. Se emplea la siguiente
construcción: Sujeto+verbo+pronombre acusativo+infinitivo con "to" Se forma añadiendo -ing al final del verbo.
I told/asked him to come Le dije/pedí que viniera (ask significa "pedir a alguien que haga algo") listen listening hear hearing
Cuando "to ask" significa "pedir una cosa" (sin verbo), entonces se dice "ask for". Los verbos monosílabos cuya última consonante vaya precedida de vocal, duplican la última consonante y añaden -ing.
I asked him for the pen cut cutting sit sitting
Used to Si el verbo tiene más de una sílaba y el acento recae sobre la última, tenemos que doblar la última consonante
Se usa para contrastar acciones pasadas con acciones presentes, o lo que es lo mismo, para indicar que una acción se realizaba en el pasado cuando tengamos una sola vocal y única consonante en la última sílaba.
y ya ha dejado de realizarse. admit admitting begin beginning
Pasado: I used to go out every day I didn't used to go out every day Did you used to go out every day Si el verbo acaba en vocal muda, se quita y añade -ing.
(Yo salía fuera todos los días) come coming write writing
Los verbos Like, Hate, y todos los de percepción o sentimiento van seguidos de un verbo en gerundio.
You'd better I like writing I hate working
Significa "más vale que / mejor que …" y la utilizamos para avisarle a alguien de un peligro potencial. Por último, si el verbo termina por l, y va detrás de una única vocal; esta l se tiene que doblar.
cancel cancelling impel impelling
Afirmativa: You had better stop (verbo sin "to") smoking / You'd better stop smoking
Negativa: You had better not tell (verbo sin "to") her / You'd better not tell her Formación del presente habitual (present simple)

Plural del sustantivo (regulares) Indica una acción que se realiza habitualmente.
Los nombres acabados en -s, -ss, -sh, -x, -o y -ch forman el plurar añadiendo -es Se forma añadiendo una -s a los verbos de la tercera persona del singular.
Excepciones:
Los nombres acabados en consonante + y suprimen la -y y añaden -ies Los verbos acabados en -s, -ss, -sh, -x, -o y -ch forman el plurar añadiendo -es

Los nombres acabados en vocal + y añaden -s Los verbos acabados en consonante + y suprimen la -y y añaden -ies

Los nombres acabados en -f y -fe suprimen la -f o la -fe y añaden -ves Los verbos acabados en vocal + y añaden -s

Existen plurales irregulares: Sing. Plural Uso del gerundio y del infinitivo
Man Men
Woman Women A) Gerundio
foot feet
goose geese Gerundio es la forma de un verbo que actúa como nombre o adjetivo (modifica al nombre)
tooth teeth Ej. Writing actuando como nombre running actuando como adjetivo
mouse mice * Usamos gerundio cuando el verbo es sujeto de la frase: ejem: Smoking is bad for your health.
child children * Usamos gerundio detrás de preposiciones (cualesquiera) y adverbios de tiempo como before, after while etc. Ejemplo; I don´t like her way of speaking
* Lo usamos tambien detrás de posesivos que se refieren a una acción verbal que actua como sustantivo ejem: I don´t understand his writing
La norma general es añadir al nombre -s * Detrás del adjetivo worth (valer). Ej. Madrid is worth visiting
* Detrás de ciertos verbos que expresan lo que nos gusta o nos disgusta en presente simple: like, enjoy, hate, love, can´t stand, dislike, mind, etc.
Imperativo * Cuando nos referimos a actividades deportivas o recreativas detrás del verbo to go. Ej. He goes swimming
Nunca lleva sujeto ni "to". La forma negativa lleva "don't" y su estructura suele ser: Don't + verbo sin "to"+ complemento. * Detrás de lo siguientes verbos: admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, detest, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, keep (=continue),
miss, postpone, practise, prevent, propose (=suggest), regret, resist, risk, stop, suggest, understand
La voz pasiva * Prohibiciones cortas ejem: No Smoking, No Parking etc.
El verbo pasivo se forma con el verbo "to be" en la forma verbal adecuada + participio pasado * Los gerundios también pueden modificar a los sustantivos actuando como adjetivos. En este caso el gerundio se refiere al propósito.
Sujeto+Verbo pasivo+Complementos Ej. I need a new pair of running shoes
Activa: We clean the room every morning * El gerundio puede tomar modificadores de verbos y de sustantivos, tales como posesivos, adverbios y adjetivos.
Pasiva: The room is cleaned every morning Ej. Paul's snoring never let Jane sleep Ej. Peter had considered not going to the party
El complemento directo pasa a convertirse en sujeto de la oración
La hora en Inglés B) Infinitivo
Preguntar:
* Usaremos el infinitivo detrás de ciertos verbos detrás un pronombre objeto. Como es el siguiente caso:
* What time is it, please? He wants me to stay longer. “me” es el objeto y seguidamente viene un verbo con "to" en infinitivo
* What's the time, please? * Tambien usaremos el verbo en infinitivo detrás de la mayoria de los adjetivos de la siguiente forma: It´is impossible to understand that letter
* Tras questions words . (where, when , why, how. Etc)
Contestar: * Para expresar finalidad u objetivo. Ej: He went to the shop to buy milk
* Detrás de los siguientes verbos: agree, appear, arrange, ask, choose, claim, decide, decline, demand, fail, forget, happen, hesitate, hope,
* It's twelve o'clock Son las doce en punto learn, manage, often, plan, prepare, pretend, promise.
* It's five past two Son las dos y cinco * Cuando tengamos "would"+verbo. Ej. I would like to visit Paris
* It's seven minutes past two Son las dos y siete
* It's twenty to nine Son las nueve menos veinte * Los verbos forget, need, regret, remember, stop y try pueden ir seguidos tanto de infinitivo como de un gerundio, pero con diferencias de significado.
* It's twenty-two minutes to nine Son las nueve menos veintidos minutos Si el verbo que les sigue va en gerundio, por lo general se refieren a un hecho pasado, mientras que si va en infinitivo, se refiere por lo general a
* It's a quarter past five Son las cinco y cuarto un hecho presente o en un futuro próximo (try y need no seguirían este patrón).
* It's a quarter to five Son las cinco menos cuarto
* It's a hasl past five Son las cinco y media May / Might
Es un verbo modal.
Marks of punctuation Se usa para indicar posibilidad (con permiso)
. punto full / stop La tercera persona del singular no añade -s
: dos puntos colon Es invariable en todas sus formas
; punto y coma semi-colon May indica un mayor grado de certeza que Might
, coma comma
. punto y aparte new paragraph Afirmativa: Yoy may/might find a good hotel Tú puedes/podrías encontrar un buen hotel
? interrogación question mark Negativa: He may/might not be here Él puede/podría no estar aquí
! exclamación exclamation mark Interrogativa: Does he think I may/might go out tonight? Piensa que puedo/podría salir esta noche?
… puntos suspensivos dats Pasado: She may/might have finished yesterday Ella puede/podría haber finalizado ayer
"" comillas inverted commas Futuro: This summer I may/might go to England Este verano yo puedo/podría ir a Inglaterra
() paréntesis brackets
- guión dash Must
abrir / cerrar open / close Es un verbo modal.
Formación de números Se usa para indicar deber u obligación de algo. La forma negativa mustn't indica prohibición.
La tercera persona del singular no añade -s
1 one 30 thirty Es invariable en todas sus formas
2 two 40 forty
3 three 50 fifty Afirmativa: Yoy must find a good hotel Tú debes encontrar un buen hotel
4 four 60 sixty Negativa: He must not (mustn't) be here Él no debe estar aquí (indica prohibición)
5 five 70 seventy Negativa: He doesn't have to be here Él no tiene que estar aquí (indica ausencia de obligación o necesidad)
6 six 80 eighty Interrogativa: Do I have make a call? Debo realizar una llamada?
7 seven 90 ninety Pasado: She must have (must've) finished yesterday Ella debe (debería) haber finalizado ayer
8 eight 100 a/one hundred Futuro: This summer I must go to England Este verano yo debo (debería) ir a Inglaterra
9 nine 107 a hundred and seven
10 ten 157 a hundred and fifty seven Can
11 eleven 200 two hundred Es un verbo modal.
12 twelve 979 nine hundred and seventy-nine Se usa para indicar posibilidad (capacidad, habilidad)
13 thirteen 1,000 a thousand La tercera persona del singular no añade -s
14 fourteen 1,838 a thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight Es invariable en todas sus formas
15 fifteen 17,373 seventeen thousand three hundred and seventy-three
16 sixteen 845,901 eight hundred an forty-five thousand nine hundred and one Afirmativa: Yoy can find a good hotel Tú puedes encontrar un buen hotel
17 seventeen 1,000,000 a million Negativa: He can't be here Él no puede estar aquí
18 eighteen 37,529,428 thirty-seven million five hundred and twenty-nine Interrogativa: Can I make a call? Puedo realizar una llamada?
19 nineteen thousand four hundred and twenty eight Pasado: She could have (could've) finished yesterday Ella puede (podría) haber finalizado ayer
20 twenty Futuro: This summer She is able to go to England Este verano ella puede (podría) ir a Inglaterra