Understanding of Ethnolinguistic

 Ethnographic study of can be viewed from different

angles, one of the languages. Language is closely
related to culture. Study that combines science with a
language called ethnolinguistic cultures. The word is
formed from the word ethno or ethnic and linguistic.
Linguistics according to Lauder and Lauder is the
science of language. So, ethnolinguistic or linguistic
anthropology means the science that examines the
relationship between language and culture, especially
to observe the use of language as a tool in social
action.
 Ethnolinguistic study includes a review of structure and family
relationships through kinship terms, color concepts, patterns of
child care, or communication of a member of the society in
certain situations, such as traditional ceremonies. Ethnolinguistic
trying to assess the language used by people with the concept of
community culture.
 Every tribe and nation has its own culture. The variety cultures in
Indonesia also means the language is too diverse. This, is because
Aceh is the first region in the process of spreading religion of
Islam in Indonesia. For example, in Javanese culture known
concept or a hierarchy of social strata which stand out. The
concept of culture is reflected in the support of the language used.
Java language to introduce the tree levels.
Etnolinguistic Understanding of
the Various Parties
 Opinion From The First
 Chairman of Graduated Studies Program Linguistics
University Andalas (Unand), Prof.Dr. Nadra m Hum
said linguistic science is not just about language, but
also the knowledge to provide solutions to various
problem in society. So linguistic becomes an integral
part in the life of the community building in various
sectors, linguistics can be used for aspects economic,
social, cultural, political, and community life others.
 Therefore, the science of linguistic include cross-field,
where studies can be viewed from different points of
view exist.
 Opinion From the Second

 Dr. Sawirman mention linguistic analysis tends to

decrease, but this knowledge can be benefit
society, many people have argued that it was not
a field of engineering, physics, biology, and
others. If the science of linguistic is placed in the
proportions in the field, you can contribute to the
solution of problem society.
 Functionality Ethnolinguistic
 Language is an important element in the culture system. According
Nababan, the language involved in all aspects of culture. Almost
all human activities carried out by language. It is impossible to
develop because the elements of culture such as clothing, houses,
government agencies, and so forth. without language, the fact it is
an ethnolinguistic study because it is there and important.
 Nababan Furthermore said that the language as a system of public
communication system that has meaning only in a culture that to
place. That means, to understand a culture, we need to understand
the language. Conversely, to understand a language, a little more
we need to understand its culture.
 With cultural relationship between language and culture, the study
of ethnolinguistic become important. The function or purpose of
this study is to understand the patterns and cultural values of a
society with greater depth.
 The Spread Languages in Indonesia
 Like as humans can be raised, the language was believed to have originated
from one language, then the spread or bear offspring linguist seek relation
historical anthropology-relationship between language in the world.
 Based on the research that has been carried out, languages are grouped in
clumps an subrumpun, and spare the human race.
 Indonesia has many tribes with cultural and language respectively. On the
islan java, we know javanese, Sundanese, and betawi. At the top there is
language support west madura and bali.
 The more east, there is an increasingly diverse language. So too in kalimantan,
Sulawesi, Maluku, and Sumatra. Until recently, there has been no definitive
answer to find out the number of languages in Indonesia. Based on general
estimates, the language in indonesia is reached 300 local languages. There is
also researcher, namely Lucy Monolalu who said that in indonesia there are
726 language support in section.
 In the section, will be explained about
classification language in Indonesia
 Before that, let us look at the family language in
the world. Research on the grouping of the
languages supported by the various sciences,
including linguistics, history of anthropology, and
science of population migration. In addition, the
grouping of languages based on equations that
there are similiarities such as the structure and
culture.
 From this research, obtained by grouping of languages in the world according to
Mees as Follows :
a. Language of Austria:
1) Austronian languages;
2) Austro-Asian languages;
3) Tibetan-Chinese languages;
b. Language Nostrat-language support:
1) Language-Indo-european language support;
2) Semito-Semitic languages;
3) Uralo-Altaic languages;
c. Group Isolated in Australia and Asia:
1) Languages Hyporborea or paleo-Asia;
2) Languages Drawida;
3) Languages of the Andaman Island;
4) Languages of Australia;
5) Languages Halmahera-Tidore;
6) Language of papuan;
d. Languages in central and Southern:
1) Khoisan language;
2) Bantu Languages;
3) Sudan languages;
 Based on grouping languages in the world, we see that
the languages of estern Indonesia (Halmahera-Tidore,
Papua) belonging to the family of languages of
Australia and Asia. According to experts, the majority
of languages in Indonesia introduced Austronesian
language family.
 Keraf split accumulation into several languages
Austronesian subrumpun:
a. Western Austronesian languages, language Indonesia
or malay
1) Hesperonesia (western Indonesia)
2) In support language eastern Indonesia (maluku)
b. Eastern Austronesian languages or Polynesia. The language
consist of two subrumpun:
1) Languages support Melanesia (Melanesia and East Coast of
Irian)
2) Heonesia of languages (language of Polynesia and
Micronesia) That belong to a group of Indonesian Irian is :
a. Language Minahasa-language support: Tombula,
Totemboan, Tondano, and others.
b. Languges Sangir Talaud: Sangir Talaud, Bantik, etc
c. Bahasa Aceh Barus, Tunong
d. Gayo Language: Sea, Gayo-Luos,
e. Batak Languages: Dairi, Simelungan, Toba, and others;
f. Minangkabau Language: Agam, Flat Land, Kerinci;
g. Bahasa Melayu: Riau, Linga, Betawi, Kalimantan,
Maluku, Malay, Kubu, People Darta, Sea, Niap etc;
h. Malay middle: Pasemah, Serawai, Musi, and other;
j. Lampung language: Fire, Nyo;
k. Language Nias;
l. Mentawai Language: Simalegi, Sakalangan;
m. Java language;
n. Sundanese language;
o. Maadurese language;
p. Dayak languages: Borneo, Sea Dayak, and others;
q. Bali Sasak language;
r. Gorontalo language: Gorontalo west and East;
s. Language Toraja;
t. Bugis-Makassar language: Makassar, Bugis, and others;
u. Bima language;
v. Manggarai Language;
w. Sumba language
x. Sawu language
 Language Savu included in the Indonesian
language to the East are:
a. Timor-Ambon Language: Lamalohot, Stretched,
Eastern, Kupang, attacing western, eastern
Cream, and othes;
b. Sula-bacan languages: Sanana, Bacan Obi, and
others;
c. South Halmahera languages-west Irian:
Patani,Gane, Biak, Windesi, and others;
 The formulation of the problem
 National Language and culture
 Moment-called oath of youth has passed, Indonesian as a language of unity that
as this unifying language.
but recently became a problem with the phenomenon of language Alay among the
internet generation, as well as a jumble of languages that use a variety of
languages within a sentence (often insert the English language in Indonesian-
language dialogue) as well as classical issues such as reduced use of local
languages and extinction of some local languages because native speakers are no
longer there.
 From the above phenomena, one of the most prominent is the discourse of
Indonesian Versus the local language. one party claims that the use of Indonesian
EYD either fit or did not indicate a high sense of nationalism, the other person
there who said that Indonesia is not genuine but almost all of Indonesia in the
form of absorption of foreign language support and some are promoting the
campaign on the use of local languages of the form cultural preservation.
 Ethnolinguistic mean for Indonesia
 Etnho-Linguistic: Indonesia through various means,
for example, that I mentione above will be enough to
open our eyes to the importance of Etnholunguistic
studies for us in Indonesia. As we have informed, a
slogan tht still remain important still is the slogan “
Maintaning a culture of”. This slogan is very
interesting and deserve praise. But few people really
think about how you can do this. This is where
Etnholinguistic can play a very important role.
 If we agree that the language is very important
symbol of the life and the development of human
culture thet language stores repertoire knowledge
community or tribe that the arroud language real
people view of the environment;
 We certainly agree that the preservation of culture
in the form most specific nothing but preserve
local languages in all regions of Indonesia.
 This view might be correct makes many people say
it is impossible to thing is thus a need to explain
further, making the preservation of the local
language.
 Preservation of local languages here are not
always iterpreted as an effort to maintain the
existence of this language, it means people are
forced to use local languages in everyday life
because things like that would not be possible.
 For example, people may just not want to learn
Indonesian language or english, but he will feel
himself that the inability to use those languages
will make it unable to compete in the search for
teachers who work with those languages.
Therefore, The preservation of local language
does not necessarily mean that language should
be used in everyday life.
 Conservation in this context can be defined as any attempt to
describe a variety of local languages in Indonesia with all the strings,
ranging from the grammar, morphology, semanticks, and fonology.
 This language documentation does not seem important, but would
really benefit much if we are aware of its benefits, as well as to reap
the benefits. This benefit will e not only collected by experts in
languages that you will be able to use it enrich Indonesia, nut you can
also learn by scientist to another.
 For example, based on the analysis of the different areas of
knowledge society through their language has, we can learn from
their lives that implicity underlies language cannot be transferred to
the owner of the language itself. Knowing this implicit outlook on
life, at least, we can understand their perspectives and different
behaviour based on look at life. Thus, in addition we can assess and
put up with them.
 Furthermore, by knowing the culture of a society of their own
language, and mastery over their language, we will be able to
engage in dialogue with the proponents of this culture. From
this dialogue will create a framework for thinking together.
Which will be shared frame of reference in everyday life, and
this will reduce the possibility of miss uderstanding, which
will be able to bring us into conflicts that endanger our own
lives.
 Unfortunately, that sort of thing is still not fully realized by
many citizens of our community. Many people still think that
the language issue can be resolved by itself as long as existing
national language; conflict and unrest will be reduced if
economic problems can be resolved, miss understanding and
conflicts generated can be prevented if individuals are more
aware of his religion, higher education, etc.
 Those who take this view forget that it all ultimately
comes down to a matter of communication between
groups and individuals. How communication can walk
and miss understanding can be guaranteed not to
happen if we do not know the language of each well.
 “ How communication can walk and miss
understandings can be guaranteed not to happen if we
do not know their language well?” So that the meaning
of ambiguos, and perhaps people who would answer; “
Therefore, to make it easier to communication with
one language, unifying language ”
 That phrase certainly can not be directly interpreted as simple as
that, because there are Prof. Ahimsa Putra intended to refer to
the context of language and way of thinking speakers see life,
reality, and the environment.
 We take the example that is close enough, in the Indonesian
language known to various terms of padi, gabah, nasi, in English
known as the rice.
 In the java language, the term is more rich again with the
addition of sega, upa, and peek.
 Only then was born the term paddy. Here we see a difference in
Indonesian and English society in the view of rice, wheat, rice,
or rice-which are relevant in this case in Indonesia as an
agricultural country with agriculture knows field system, which
is it was not found in Britain. Due to culture differences
( Livehood system is one element of culture, according to some
views), very unlikely to be able to understand each other with
only one language.
 Solution Problem
 Solutions etnholinguistic and language have a great relationship and
influence on the culture because the language is part of the culture, the
study of language and culture performed.
 Language is the basis for all cultural activities, dissemination of
information, and a symbol of community identity. Solution to maintain
its existence requires other methods such as:
a. Language is a cultural preservation efforts through the creation of
mass media/ book by using local languages in relevantion with the
community
b. Lamguage socialization through public media, focusing on the
reasons the loss of language means the destruction of cultural.
c. Conservation effors through the motion which contains the sayings
like staging a play with the local language is known by locals.
d. Efforts through the early recognition of future generations to know
one of their own local knowledge of their culture by learning the
local language.
 Opinion
 During this time,many people assume that linguistics is
closely related to the language, in fact there is nothing
wrong with this. But the language can also be applied in
varios aspects of life. Not many know, but now the
problem to be solved in the first place is to exclude the
assumption people against what science Linguistics,
who only know the language of science, even among its
own linguistic identify persons as science of language
that only study of language in terms of writing as
morfology or fonologi and unun kataya and forget
applicability
 We agreed that although the linguistic focus on
language as a formal object of science, applied
linguistics can be done in the field. Linguistic
problem is not only focused on language issues.
Indeed it is the language of objects, but when we
know and integral part in the life of the community
building in various sectors. Because linguistic itself
becomes a key element in solving problems in
varios aspect.
 We can see in the previous sentence that linguistic or
language is used not only in language classes, but in
other sciences became more sophisticated today,
tehcnology such as computers. We can not eliminate
the fact that linguistics is really useful in public life,
even in everyday lie. Howefer, since no else in the
world of science that does not language as a
linguistic introduction. So we have to give us has
linguistics it is very important that we must learn for
life without problems in all of us.
 About the linguistic analysis is useful to society in a form
that is applied. Examples of linguistic theories relating to
the search and describe the general description the general
description for a particular language and to inter all
languages, use the linguistic/ applied to take the invention
and use it for other regions. Often, use the language/
refers to the use of applied linguistics in language
teaching inquiry, but the findings of linguistic
investigation has also been used for other fields, such as
explicitly involve the use of computers. His influence has
given a big impression on the theory of syntac and
semantics, because the teory of the formation of the
syntax and semantics by using the computer to force the
teory into the arithmetic operations and provide the
principles of mathematics are more stringent.
 Linguistic can be used in all fields, for example in
culture. There is a science of “ Linguistic Culture”.
 Which is the study of language in relation to
culture. Focus study of this science is the text the
media, sayings and proverbs, folklore, etc. and is a
product of the use of language that reflects the
language as a resource which has the form,
function and meaning. Cultural linguistics treats
language as a phenomenon that meaning can only
be understood as a whole if it is related to the
culture of speakers.
 Cultural linguistics can be provide insight into the
nature of language and culture, provide an explanation
of the realitionship between language and culture and
demonstrate the possibility of linkage to apply a
different approach to languistic file. Cultural linguistics
usefulness shown by the possibilities offered by
scientific discipline for understanding cross-cultural
communication that can broaden our cultural horizons
of the culture of others who in turn can strengthen the
love of his own culture. So it is clear that the science of
linguiostics is not only language.
 Conclusion
 Ethnography has a link (relationship) is a close with the
language as a major communication tool in the community
 Etnholinguistik in scope and structure of relationships that
is reflected through (descent) who focus pengkajiannya
genealogical kinship language and cultural concepts of
each different ethnic
 Language has a great intervention and support activities
and public life as objects of culture
 Language there are many families and subrumpun based
on ethnic and racial
 Studies (observation) language is influenced by factors
such as the science of Linguistics, anthropology, history
and population migration in language skills.
 Indonesia has a category in the Austronesian language
family as the source language and the diffusion of
language.
 The use of local languages as a communication tool to
prevent the extinction of local cultural wisdom itself,
especially language.
 Preservation of language is very important to maintain
presence in the midst of civilization and culture.
 Understand the concept and understanding of language
with a good influence on national integration in order
to prevent misunderstanding and conflict.
Finish