PERCEPTION

PERCEPTION IS A
COGNITIVE PROCESS

IT IS A PROCESS OF
SELECTING,ORGANISING AND
INTERPRETING OR ATTACHING
MEANING TO EVENTS
HAPPENINING IN ENVIRONMENT
 Stephen Robbins
• Perception may be defined as a
process by which individuals organise
and interpret theier sensory
impressions in order to give meaning
to their environment.
 Features of perception
• Perception is the intellectual process through which a
person selects the data from the environment .

• Perception is the basic cognitive or psychological process.

The manner in which a person perceives the environment
effects his behavior .

• Subjectively perceived reality in any given setting may be

different for different people
 Simplified Perceptual
Process
Perceptual Perceptual
Inputs Perceptual Thoughts out puts

Stimuli Actions
Receiving selecting organizing interpreting
 Comprehensive Perceptual
process
Perceptual
Perceptual Mechanism
Out puts
Characteristics of
Stimuli or inputs Selection Interpretation Behavior
-Attitudes
-Options
Organization -Feelings
-Values
Perceptual
Inputs

-Objects
-Events Characteristics of
Characteristics of The perceiver
-People
situations
 External Factors in
Perceptual selectivity
• Size
• Intensity
• Repetition
• Novelty & Familiarity
• Contrast
• Motion
 External Factors in
perceptual selectivity
• Self concept
• Believes
• Expectations
• Inner needs
• response disposition
• Response Salience
• Perceptual defence
 Perceptual organization

• Deals wit the manner in which

selected stimuli are organized in
order to make sense out of them
.The persons perceptual process
organizes the incoming information in
to meaningful whole
 principles
People organize the various stimuli on the
principles of
• Figure ground
• Grouping
• Simplification
• Closure
 Errors of perception
• Halo effect
• Stereo typing
• First impression
• Attribution
• Status
• Visibility
 Managerial application of
perception
• Interpersonal working relation ships
• Selection of employees
• Performance Appriasal
 Developing perceptual
skills
• Perceiving one self Accurately
• Enhancing the self concept
• Having positive attiude
• Being empathetic
• Communicating more openly
• Avoiding actual perceptual disorders