Global Warming

&
Climate Change

Dr. Najib Altawell

Centre for Energy, Petroleum and Mineral Law & Policy (CEPMLP)
University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK

1 February 2011
 Agenda

History
The Problem
Solving The Problem
Solutions Using ‘Renewable Energy’
Conclusion
 The Main Culprits

Water Vapour (H2O)

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)
Ozone (O3)

But There Can Be Others….!

?
Global Warming

Global Natural Beyond Or Manmade

Phenomena Within The
Planet Earth
 First Approach

Global Warming Is Manmade!

- The official Line -

The History CO2 The Planet Earth

The Earth Atmosphere is

Always Changing

The Relationship Between The Earth And CO2

What Was The Percentage?

95 to 99% CO2
 Source: http://www.damninteresting.com/how-bacteria-nearly-destroyed-all-life

Helping The Evolution

e.g. Microorganisms Called ‘Plankton’

The CO2 Concentration In The Atmosphere
Before The Industrial Revolution

40% - 45%
Higher than it was before the industrial
revolution
Source: http://www.google.co.uk/images?rlz=1T4GGLG_enGB327GB374&q=combustion+engines&um=1&ie=UTF-
8&source=univ&ei=XCHtTKKrM9G4hAes1oTPDA&sa=X&oi=image_result_group&ct=title&resnum=3&ved=0CEwQsAQwAg&biw=1259&bih=795

The Beginning Of The End

The Combustion Engine
The Good, The Bad And The Ugly
Bringing Back CO2
Source: http://seekingalpha.com/article/147494-google-drops-a-nuclear-bomb-on-microsoft-and-it-s-made-of-chrome

What Is Nuclear Bomb?

Is It The Missing Energy We Need?
 Source: http://www.universetoday.com/14131/pictures-of-planet-venus/

CO2

The Planet Earth Is Heading To….?!

…..The Fate Of The Planet Venus!?

The Average Temperature On The Planet Venus is 465 degrees C

Source: US Dept. of
Energy
Source: US Dept. of Energy
Source NASA: http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs/
 The sources of manmade CO2

1. Electricity and heat production (35%).

2. Transport (24%).
3. Manufacturing industries and construction
(22%).
4. Other sectors (14%).
5. Other energy industries, like refineries (5%).
Data from SINTEF Group (an independent research organisation in Scandinavia)
Source: http://www.sintef.no/content/page1____328.aspx
 Second Approach

Global Natural Phenomena

‘Global Warming Natural, May End Within 20
Years, Says Ohio State University
Researcher’
Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2001/06/010615071248.htm

6 billion tons of CO2 (manmade)

In their report, the IPCC* wrote that some 90 billion tons of carbon as
carbon dioxide annually circulate between the earth's ocean and the
atmosphere, and another 60 billion tons exchange between the
vegetation and the atmosphere. 150 billion tones

*Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Third Approach

Solar variations
Volcanoes
 Fourth Approach

‘fluctuations in atmospheric and

oceanic circulation systems can
cause small changes in global
average cloudiness, this is all that is
necessary to cause climate change’

Dr. Roy Spencer

http://www.drroyspencer.com/global-warming-natural-or-manmade/
 ‘I argue that global warming is a
threat, but is due to natural causes
which we cannot prevent’

Michael Gorman
http://homepage.ntlworld.com/m.gorman/gwarmnat.htm
 Fifth Approach

‘Climate change is much more likely to be part

of a cycle of warming and cooling that has
happened regularly every 1,500 years for the
last million years’,

Dennis Avery and Fred Singer

http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23412130-global-warming-its-natural-say-experts.do
‘Dr Buckee believes human behaviour has no
effect on the climate and the vast sums
spent by governments trying to promote
renewable energy to cut greenhouse gas
emissions are being wasted’

Soctman.com
http://news.scotsman.com/latestnews/Global-warming-is-not-our.4966808.jp
 Source: http://inhabitat.com/chile-earthquake-may-have-shifted-earths-axis-shortened-days/

Sixth Approach
 The Seventh Approach

Beyond The Planet Earth

 Source: http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2002/21feb_mwbh/

What This Has To Do With The ‘Global

Warming’?
X-ray telescopes (Chandra X-ray Observatory) detecting the fiery glow from super-heated
gas swirling into a black hole.
Source: http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2009/05/cataclysmic-orb.html
 ‘As the Sun ventures out "above" the galactic
plane, it becomes increasingly exposed to the
cosmic ray generating shock front that the Milky
Way creates as it ploughs through space.  As
we get closer to this point of maximum
exposure, leaving the shielding of the thick
galactic disk behind, the increasing radiation
will destroys many higher species, forcing
another evolutionary epoch.’

Professors Medvedev and Melott of the University of Kansas

http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2009/05/cataclysmic-orb.html
 The Eighth Approach

From ‘Within The Planet Earth’

 Source: http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/29dec_magneticfield.html

The Earth Magnetic Field

 Source: http://nepa.energy.gov/documents/EIS-0409_Chapter6_Vol1.pdf

Climate Change
Frequent heat waves and water shortages
Sea level rise:
Population displacement
Property losses
More frequent/on a large scale:
Damages caused by storms, floods and wildfires
Farms, forests and fisheries will be less productive
Species extinction
Spread of infectious disease
Heart and respiratory problems (higher concentration of
ground level ozone)
 http://www.energy.gov/media/Chu-Georgetown.pdf

Source: United States Global Change Research Program

Decreasing soil moisture

Higher evaporation rate

Frequent & sustained drought

Shortages of underground water

Is Global Warming Unstoppable?
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/11/091123083704.htm
 Global Approach

Climate change cannot be avoided

“[s]ocieties can respond to climate change by adapting to its impacts

and by reducing [GHG] emissions (mitigation), thereby reducing the
rate and magnitude of change” (IPCC, 2007b)

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

 http://www.bellona.org/ccs/Artikler/bellona_studies

Better energy efficiency

Wider/global renewable energy
production
Global involvement/implementation of
‘Carbon Capture Storage’ (CCS)
‘Renewable Energy’ Is Part Of The
Answer!

Benefits?
 • Biomass Energy
• Solar Power
• Wind Power
• Geothermal Power
• Hydropower
• Ocean Thermal Power
 • Solar Power
• Wind Power
• Geothermal Power
• Hydropower
• Ocean Thermal Power
 Biomass Energy

Energy Crops

‘Solutions to Climate Change: Using Trees

and Grasses to Capture Carbon and
Produce Energy’
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/01/100127110421.htm

Land & Water

 Important Issues
Technical
Environmental
Economical

Law / Policy / Regulations / Private Sector

 The Dominant ‘Source of Energy!

What is the ‘Fuel’ that we will be using in the

future?
 Environmentally friendly
Secured and reliable (supply)
Economical – affordable
Available on demand (international, national
and local - cities, towns and villages)
Compatible with wide range of ‘technology’
Grades (produced in different forms, i.e. types)
Storage and lifecycle
Present and future development are
possible
Your Prediction!

?
To Help Yourself & To Help Protect
Your Environment…..The Main
Focus Will Be On….!
 Conclusion
1. Global warming is real
2. Scientists are still in ‘disagreement’ of the
actual causes
3. Planning and adapting to the ‘climate
changes’
4. Reducing greenhouse emission
5. Renewable energy can be part of a
‘solution’
6. Individual, local, national and international
support and cooperation are vital
Thank you for listening.
Questions?