Lli'bti~OIt.!tei':l: GuIde rl:ll ,i9'rJ'tdlii1~ Wa&4 J~' ilIlfii (l(fil$iln~'1 \,i/ior~ fiist pl!.ibili!

ihiEclllfll 2008 by Fo;(: Cl'rilipell p;jjbm~IMI'il9 COiii1l[Pillii).t lne, No part of ful:!l! bOr:llk; may be r!B'lProdluQ(;!dj in fi t1j~ form er by 'rlrlli' ftI'1iB'ii'llS, ~h~-G::t.ml'ik, or m@!dfuiniml without: writt_e.;1i1I permiS::l.ion (rom the pi.!I:dii'i$her..

"h~ ~t~ri1l$ OIPf!h1~fiI!!d hi!i!f'~fi! .;if>lij' CQ~:ffi'9I1ii~dI ,oy '~Il ~ ~UU~(:if. ~i ~~ chh ~ p:!I~t!!);IT1I$; fiiay ~ i'!fil\idi? f!\if l[pe~oilli!lil USigi h Ol.l"-~""@;r;. il:1l1~ m3J! not !:!(!, dlJiplh:l:i'~~dl fOr 1\e$3le O~ dhti1llbuU;Olil IilIfrld!!i",:!i11l)' di'C:(jt'i'ils;ttij'il~(i$,. Any

WQQdwork~r"$ !J i.ilid,e '~;lJ' befildi!l9 wood!! J\O!l~th:iiil~ 6et1'~(ln. = E.an Pe'tersbYru, IPA" :. f«:< Ch~p~ PI,!!h1i~hl!'ig, ~"

,p,,;C;nlI.

:ISBN; '97:8,. ~ -,SUi.523,·JgQ.·7

Ilholl.lides. ilfIiCe;(.

rrzse .B\46 ,2008: 6~4h(ll,~HjC:2',

ll;ll~i;!:m mo:re ,!'!biol;.!t dlie Qth!l;'~ '![Ir~art bOQb Qm FQ~' Chi;!,p!I;'11 Pl,!lbli~hi flgi, Q~ rgijndi ~ lret@il~r !1~r yo~" ,i;i!!llltil!l t!ret:!! ;StJ&4,jl=9~ '~:Z or VIs'IILIS, a~ ww~,'t.FOX~i:lpei'Plutl'li.~l'ttll~'j::.'[ID}.,

NlJll!i!!,'tQ .ll,;liIithofS! Wt!! .ar~ alwlliYS, lo;OI;:Iif'i;gi f'Oi" ta 1~l'l'l!ed .,'lJijtl'lo:rs: 10 write new IboQl.;;1 ~n alli~ ,8 r~a 0'1" ~orking; ,de5ig~r and r;eI~ted cfaru. Ij;l~N~e send a bnef letter de~Clrib~ng :'ImJ!f idea t:Q A_'t:qUlisi1iiori Edit~r:., 197'0 Br'Ooild Stlleet. East iP'e'I~F$biJjlr,g.IM '111':5211

PriMlE!d 1111 (iminE!

FIJ~,t: IPrir1~i!l'ig,: 'seFliiptelrn1ibet:' ::loo-a:

la~(1'!'.ma \~"llkiill51 with! ';';liXi<;!l oillildl iJU1~ I:IUt~!I:b 1I!IJJ!:I'~I'l!!'y ~ 1At!'wiiit; of h'!jll.lry!!1lil! d~m~rhh boo« ~~t ~l\i\fjt~ ~h."t p!~d"llIJI_ing! 'fille illi5H"jlll~ II'i !hl~ ~ lIS !lllf~ Il'er,t:ioIi!f~~·. r«~, rt!~rSfIil1.; tim oo!!ik Ii!i !-!!iIdi wlEllIil!ti~ wailfJ.n'l'lo2!!lw !;!UaraIllN!e!, i:lfafll'ji Ik Ii'i fl. ~~!.'S!d (iii' Ii"r~jled,. 4itJd, llic ~~c:r 1!f!1i! '~~ oiiJJ'l1ii0f,.g~(iI~I!m!!!!1:I' ~!~hl!l~r ~ iili'l)' !fII!J;UI~ ~!~ I)ji d~rfii!:;ge! eoill-iiiled If!, ~n(V war b)i 'U!v: OOf!'ren~.g~ '-!i'ffi IXIOk,(i)r tlliti:

Irm!!r'~lu~'O'I ~liii! ~ I'I~ ~"iJ D!)I11~te ~lrii!t~j2i:!:!i jpl'eiel"i!il'd ti_(jf!!. TM pUblJ5hi§ a.OO 1be',allnhQr~· all wood~ker~~);i '~~1t I~ e:a;c:I1, jloiifi;J~i ,EiOO to. ii.i.~tall!d itle 1J~'J:lrali t~~ bel'ote ~1['Ii'll'I9 ,!ifiif j:i!:~Je;;i.

[nlrod.l!Icti.o:n " • " • ". • " • " • " • " • ., "

"I

CI!L11W Fl' Be:Rdill'g,Wo@dili:len and Now • :3

),\. H~~[]ry !:l!flk:nding l)"~. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ . _ _ . _ ; ; _ . _ _ . _ -1'

("h{lpt,'r 2; G,e'E1:illl,g Sm.IiI:£.i:ft, in lemi"ing '\\~iJiad., . . , .. ... u • • • • • • .! • • l j;

Th~ :r·ri.rI.t~I:tl~::.. of i1I~ttdi['jg, ''''!lOOd _ _ _. •. _ _ • _ .. . _ • • • • _ • _ .15

ToBe'n(l or NO:L 1.0 meUld :;'L :fo'rUJP1'cti" • • • L • • • • • .zn

Cboos1f\~ the rugiU ~jl'~I;n~ , • . ,,2~

WOOt:!b:;!!!IlLirrng r:tnp..YfII~~ - - - I . . -.N·

(hr.1l1t" r J' Beu;ldi!lugG;rr;eeQ Ylloodi , , , 33

"~1lSi with GroiHl, Wooo •••• • . • _. • • • , • . _3'"

i!o.hkiL~ jGJito:.m·WDiJd ch:~ir_ . . ,]5

(lWl'ta 1;~{~ter~i\ls ~iDcli Tc~lt!'liiquts f®ir BCJl..dimg FIili,m!l$ " " 4l

ri!!~~il=rn ~hl(lng .;s2

f<;irm [3mkjmg, , . ''it)

AdhL'..:;;i ... es , . .64·

CIIr;!I~rtJ 5: lBe~iI'~1i,g\1j,~,IJ~, Hi:arn,WJI:,er! ::l!lld S 1:,C~iilil • , 169

Th~ S~~br 01,':";, _ , - - , _ •• - __ • - " , _ - • _ _70

nmd~ wiith W'llin and :u :1k~Jing FlCIHEl _ . _ _ _ _ _70

Ik:l1d~~ wit'h ,Ht"al , _ _ • _ _ _ • _ _ .si

IknJkng wnh Slt",rn I , .91

~fc1'!JIr.~ wnl1 o'! 1'u'lio;rP\!.l'.t!\'1; (');i.j:irn. , 110

C~lt~I'r{! o. SoUd-'\,Vbod, !Benl: 'L3Iuhmdm'!!s,. " • • • ••• " •. [ 1.3

Why u~ scJid - \\"Dd Bent Llmiullltrons? _ , _ _ , _ . _ . 11."1

~lmiJu Uses ,f.o~ SiJlid~'1i,i"CIodI Hkhi l_;lmi.inilLi.oL~ _ _ _ _ . 1 :15-

Nml~ fot' SDlicl·Wi:IOO B!::'il.\t...trlljii1J.lj!.i~ L • _ • • _ • • • 1.] 5

Cboo.;iJ~~ [h~ r.'i'@PC' Allr:U;YI1ltl~ (tf \\i.JOd • • . • • • • , • . 1. i i

T~$t ~!'j~i:lJ):!1 L~ 1~_r'f!Ilr;gil~.:i',Ii:;. , • • ].16

C~til1.g 't.!i.1T!i~H~.!L _ . - . _ _ . - __ , ll~

o.J:l¢'.i;i~.,Lt'j, Ad 1'WSi,'~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. • _ _ _ _ , _ . ]..23

1ll~]~d!II1~,[:..LT~~ln:!lJltl:l~(i. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ • _ , _ _ . _ .. . _ , , _ . U.l

Using a vacuum l"rii;..5lj, _ _ _ _ ,_ _ • _ < _ _ • 1.:2~

~~kil'1,g.1';;]:pi::f¥'d i..1!'n1nll~~.oTI';;; , j,;l:"

Clmi'I~;r ;' Bit.all,'D P,;[Ultl< ••• " • .D:5

_ . IJIS

T~p::l'i1:d i8cnil. [',[lnds _ _ . _ _ • _ _ _ • _ • • _ • • _ .&:iemllhiU!! Ih: CJ'bi ti:c'~. •

._ . 152- • :I ~J,

, R.69

. 1'1\)

, 171

l19

IfiQI.!A1'i..J!Jr1ol!th~!1 [!i:l~ ErIc! TI1b.~ :~rd cheri)' !l1i1.~ ~nill~ Non~ r;oer-, zooa

P4l~tem i!)f moS!l. W'l:1(J~ is Ii! 0 I: !!Itr~.'dgin~ bW.aJ!liWlteous Jlld' !Jl:]d!tlI~~~~ whoch ~ee.m~ tu G~III 'f!lir :w me :son of !l:!.i!M·. lin !n"_Y ~~' d:e:Io'lgil'l($~ I tOilk ~1fHi!!Yte'h!illqu~ ~ ~p,Plled .~~ ~ til nH]!Fe l(i~!l!k !!1!1l5~~5r-ti!:kijf!!g' II!l!f!I~e:

F!ig 1.1 hII' H.l"iIC.'1c:~ ~hr;_,

hop !l111.ihe 'l;II,Jj'uetileg

on. ;tr~ ~.l1fatbr! Cdl!ir~ ~!Jl'li bii!' ~11'i©1 Ihrou9'"lD!Jl '!tJr.; ootlk,

1"i1e ieg-;... dll"i:l1.w.rJro:liit 5; 6f.,©li" I\~il~ ,,) n.d liJ.)itd% .)~~ iTOf"'Il: oogQ .b~n:cling ~ro

<IIi bi;lr'l, bmhlilltl!lfi~. The 1~"'i.CI"l;'l!:-r: pint h .. IIJ.:rgn Idn'hr,cedl with ·iue'l'l1.

,"111 ~ke '!htll mysi:elY om or l~iC!1di]jJ gnd .sI1ow ~ow a~ll!~ \Wt~i:l ~!Wi): '\!IOOdn'O~jll1l ~(iWI'ed~e and a ,!~, Ib~c:

IIDliJils. ~Ji It ~l\!1fJ.!re be-auUfLlII .rufitOO dlffig/M.,

Fj!lltl~, 1!i_'1. ihl~ ~f\l;her!i' '00-..\1 Vo'it; gh,lJl)~ fr~r!ii ~!I"i O~g!:, Oi<iii9E' bl'<lilkl1ia'L had ~ ~itiJut {ii, ,J, g~, mh<ut h£L ~ te-:::h~q~(;' ~j' (j~I,!~ i~l() ~cly:~in d~c~ net [I.m out" l-rer£' '100 st~lTi1fbi2rit ':;:Ui\~ !~~~inedl 1l)1' ii, ~lifigle clernp 'f.,.lnilc ,Ili!' 'l'iOOdi (hi~

A History 0" Bending' Wood

Sl)m~ l~:pi\!' i[JHi!,\fQiIJd h~Ii1JJi~g h $,cf;, il!)d~.~d M. ]~;~l :i~gC~' t'lw i!it\i~I~~i()~~ 'of t ~e brm! RJ1d (lJlr(J'W. !Fo~ hu n;clIr,i;!d~ !I;IW 1f~.~n;, boat byIM~T'ii h!:!'~' !J.~~'lIiI1 w(w~ bt:n,dlli~ i,n i; reat.: ihl" :rllltLi tlla~ run ili~ro:sJl, ~he !.!!~!ihh ,,)f~li}a~~, Iflg)l!il~ :rn,··2}.r ;andllb emwee d llOr(lics uet~li!I'OO lj{I,Uo\\,lt'ilil (lui: I~s :11'1. [h~ rnm~tr!!lc:HfJo:n nff m,lng.ed lL'fm.siG!aB in~tJll'L'l.men.t:!; by' [he m bd~'nn~i!1'milh "ntu,Tf (L:,lguH': t..~).

"no, '0' 'j' ,', f g',...Ik.. .' d F -I""

111".e ,If!g!i!lS. 1(11. ~nll,'!'I!!,ii)O" _ urfil IWlfe:

U!1ink.e '!h~' a'ris;ii!'!<!'i of ~1!11JIil other b·lilnl:WlIfid fc-rm:s., tn~ f:i ~5:.~ !.Ji5!1.' of beJl'tWQod (~,r fll!tl!1lit\]!L'il: 15 It¥I'rd ~tl iJiI~ ,JCIWI~! :)CNIIIU· (:,\\,I,d l!'~Li:t:! In, ~hllt .fnViI' of ~omRi, rah1~laflB;-~ $11I11i1 re:Ho;, :!;i,jigges~~ UI~' 'IIn(.lcilii, F-s.yp'i:li!l!T\'!;~s.clld I!h~~ ~jlrootl:~:!ii (f~!!Ii"I!;'I-<l). lil ~olii(: eases, ii'~~y :tJ;~Iill!piy carved w'Ood into ill C!IIr 'l'ed! shi1~e ~r used tree 'limbs; tina.!: ,\'III!l're' ;}he<lJ.y h~l:JIi'; and iffi (l!thc::1I' sim-atlom. actl;l,ilJiiy bent the :f\l"lJo(1 themselves, r,ne mystl!:ir}' eenunues inte ih:e rifth eentlJT}" [i,.C. tl1l! !mc:ie;ru,t Gr-.e-ece. :i n t~;C" rQ'[m of l~~ Ktism,o!!; ,eh::lir; wnich, CIJiIJ~dJ h[llw: bem ennsrrueted Llsi[j_g ~lfi'n't m~l-nbi£!J~ (Rj!luii'e j ..,lih Nil l.It.i;g~I'!;a'I, dhjJ,lr:~ lfia\;'oI:!' s~I~¥~Vil(l. ISO 'I he rC':.l:J!.:t ~~m::>tnl:l;;Hr.ir1 ~G;:;fTI:qii!(;l"1.:ill;" c<lin[Jg~ be cll!;:h;,~m hilli;'J. Chfl:ir.s wM~ I)!il\tl!t'llf(;iutii ~;}.;;ks \\"rllTe made dl,mr:1 MIS lh!l' M,Mdiill' Ae;a-.il ana, by th~ ci61hHl'4l:f,:th C't'li,tlJllf'5/, 'bo~h I~m bC'.n;{Ur~~ <li1,d ooil:I)([·,wood IIi1Jmif'Lat~ i)(~n,dl t'I'& wcm w~M·alOwn Wcnrri"1:!.II'~$.

1"heili.~~: 'lj,\fiJdJ~~p~d use of b~I,1tw"o("IdIiOJ ooMtI:UC~rYI;'I~~lurli~ in the W~tJ(:'rn wn~ld W!l!~'

thi! \WiIiI(!I!iin~' ;:h~ir ~!!i!. ~.fI.r~y 'i;!~gh~l!!ilNith;-~!iltgr:y [ngb:n:dI, l'hi! W~J1;dl~ov or-@t~'~acl !ii. ';;:!':!r¥~d pact.; that :g~ill1£d i!itr~DiIBtlh. fl'om the CI!lI;r\;OO 1{!l(IC!ciI run![i!L;""I'iZd to i,he ~\.oat. (Rj'g!I\Ii1' ~ ~6). ·.rhi~ w:iMl m,U!ft 'lIkely ,dOlilll' ltt :ilih'il ~illbo[ iilljd tU1.M.erli!i~ rall:lil~i" than £J:l,j:' il:~stl~(:tI!ii rt:~'~OiiilS,

IFIIl1Jre 1Hii. 'WYJodl bi::f1id!!1!]1 !'l~, been JLr.Se:d for ~l'Idreds 'JIr YCiJ[:l; to truihl ~ib:k planks, end! g ll!1:rw.a1e.s !lfl 00a'1l'J;.

Iri'gul"Q 11-3. Thjs 'Ili!JL1n, mlIrwfirl:IW'"I:!dI in 16":;8 ibj Jocdb S~elri~r;. olfuf:s ~r:.t if'.o'..IimlPic.~ of woad ~~ll"Ig an th:. ~idJ:lj ~iUIl1" !lIilclllb.Jtk. S~eili!:r (l is ~ ,·'1003) Wi!~. ~moo;g '!tic! OOtst jq,0Iffl'I Auwlln luthbr!.. ir~dlmorb!lll¥. the illJ'il:i1Ci:l 'I.O~ Oiricl hBD. uhdo:lI!iE..:md oot.Q~ 'iJ;'i!!i'e !l:~1Vi:i::I (r,[in; '!did '~1. TI"E' ~ ,!1!1l! 1105i!t-betli fj"~I,'dr ~ il'"OO!:J, I!li1CJitl-.letl L'O Wfi'ICf b'bi:M_

ifi!Jil.lfO 'm'·4!. A (ii:~ '~i!Jii 'il:ijtl (hf;! ~911~

or 'tl~e E'tI:ij:lNan ~oo Oif flt~ili'llllf" ~ lI;a~c;dl iIi l!:!e ,i:;laQk, iliJ~ ~In!ill bel1ijW!o!J~ .;haJl' W~ '!Ol;ind In i.u~llIJi'~ 10mb, ~n!;ll ~ <;in displio/ Sit' the C~ MWalllfi'i. Tt:.i~, roprOOilC:~ W.._" ~J:I ... ' in 1076, Izy Mrm'-81 G'(;Ilcl1JJ f',!@j\Myc.rkCi!iy.

:F!iji.!te. '~·s, Th~ 6irBE!~ c~!JI'd Ioavel,l~ waQCil D€:iIli!! ir.Jgto iWl\:i1rud .oh~f.l, l~ ~ Klisfl1iQ3" 'lh~ KlfGliiM Ls kooWFI !Jfil,:( ~oirill'liid81i~ IItu~UGm lin. pg~Ery=1iI!!:' ~~I;I~I e~;IDlp-le~ Ih::rlli;! RIfl'r..ed.

IPigUfe1·e.. 'Thl!l WindSClr dlii,il' F!Q"!-reoIi!lI~ '!:!(1ny !lIJldi :c,;id~preM iJ:rPil 01 bcni\"~~d ii'll i~,i1i1'1:F~ ~. iIile ,l:iaMSf[TI P1eoe

i:;; ;,'lJ ~if!£I!'e :;;:t~;)Jm: ~d. ~I ,.;;on~Jnuoo:(:.-~i1fI W@n1llt;Qr WEll;: moil;!"" in 11 g,98; bj MiiGi'lm [lUl1hilir of Po.rhrni:iIJ1h.N~1N ,i-blnp~him

IBenlMood FUlfiIliiliulff; ,,"dille ~I'!dmtrii!lm R~hJitloln

W~~~I~ bl;:flclIiulli\ Ior fl.!milYre :h;'~'~lf c;1Imt!' i!!l1;) ii:1i [I'L'Ii!t t!I!:)d~S th!l:!' if!c;l!)Y'1 [~:'J!~ r~L'I.i!ti!!l1il with th~ w(~fk ,1)[ M~..;lt:!L~1 'Jh!J'r~d, a Ge~'I'man·Au~tli'i iUI f~mJlliJl:rc ]]i.ali:)('i' :ilIlul Ifl(hjs~rllili!I~. I-J~$ ('r~1U: and !;~i'nple d~sd~iis": \,\~I]' eifi(;mJ~1luiil)' ,pO:Viljl~ir In Uw

ifL'l i(hlirneteiCntJl il:iC'ljitUIl'Y (FI~IIlr.e 1·'?,). Thi)\l~t iL'K~eralmi:nt-ed w~tti, ib~Jl:di~ng S{)'iI!d '\'1'0 01:1. aT1~

il=! m,imm~s, and (h::¥,~l(l,p;OO a pr;t'ictiG~j pmdl[J,i:.tior~ m ~~Jlw-rl ,for Di;lndi:rt:J!i 'lJliiiJ1!1:.l steam al~fl:HI~Jil'it:l'1i

!i:t~ ~lmpll'e.~~lo:f1! ~lnp~, By flte W!id- j,RQO;g. Ilrl1!!I:1!Yr~UJrol;1f" 'I. &: l'. ~iQ~HIi b ec~m" 'l~onli!t$, i::hiiil( 1Ch\,<aI, oll~nurlg ~\rct.ilJ 'fa~W,~I~:ji :lTLt~rna, 1A;J:ru,!llli~, .Cfl'! p'l!Cfifln~ an (:5U mii a ~d 0.000 pri:tDf)l~ and pi'D'di;i;dn.e; i(!Or,[: ~hlllliJ 1i!OOp~I1:'~ M :Fi!f.!il;~!;jlr.c: d.<i'ily" The 'LJompil!iiri}1i;' ~mw~hiuild the' e'KpjrJlloil1 of Th!;HI~~"s patlr:lfLt truf, his 'Wood·be,l1dil ~g !poo~.ss. i'e.g: to It he rn,ilmJfill!::i!IJre of ~illrg'il: 'Cl[tll.nl+t~ii.". o~ b~rut1vn@d ~l1m~~I!I~' by m:a~ mi!iJl1.U ~actI.!iNrs .. TheclJ.IJrvlilimliear $h;,j~es; filf he!nt"li!.1oodi also ten~ themselves to tile em;ecr!citni!]i Al:'t No"u~:;lI.!! 5tyle (FI$'Ufe ~ "8.)- T.~I!! 'UIiIi;! I,r '1:II;m!t!j!,~l{:Jd 1:!~i;:1iImri:! ptJiJ;I\lnat 'r>t lK."'i'i:!fa'l n~n'5~'LI'I;5;" ~111 cIJl:I/clli!J!J; Hi!i! e'm,d",,~! '-1~il! (lU ~flID~)!" iJ!~d m'flIll,,~rl<liI,. ~ti:lit:ildd~,

~t w.rn:gII:h of beJ1lwoo(il. iillftU i'les:L~t1l\Lh;'l!!.

IF iEJIiI Fe' ~i'L The t!lll\iililii~f 'sil'~S, O'f bentwood! 1111 if! "if,:ell Vlifth iihe o:I:ganic AJl'I:

NcI!fi12~ $L)lIe.

fkJ!o.lM 1.'-:1; M!k;h",oll1l!lioit~t r;biOIt)tl1HIi ~i~pll!: b!li1. q.IOSM. OI.!!'rI!:!cI .f~~rn !iii;;! ... ,A~'iiifI'!-beFlcl:i.i9 lliio;;im~dL His Madr2'l;(l: i <1 chair-nlJ'N 15'0 r.eii!.!i, ·IJM\-i:;: lh.i!i mast f.ErIflOO'.!I dl!!~i:g~_

P(YW<iod

The n~,:c;t Ir·i!V(!iIIil.HQiIlJi in wQrld b~~dilr:!~ c(i!me

w~fh thi.!· ~I!Vi!rl)liI\!:1I1Ji;!~~l ·~~f p!'y'womt!!lI ] ~M, }()~_n M"IPl II t.'-~lp~~i)':l1it!l!;d ~Hg.(i!rly l)'P!l! iIlf lP~y![.\i'l;Iodl :!il1 tlI~)l': Ujruil)~d St~i:f:~. riV~!'!u(:jt'[ iJ<lli'l:-> tn::inir~~-I;jQl1:i' .!i~reffl~th ;;J:t'iiI..11 ~taMIhi;y from. ~[S. (XIll:!:!:rill!i;[lf)i':I, wHtieil f~ii1ire:; tJliJI.i'il ;I~rers. t'llF \',1'Qocl ~I;;i)ei.l tA:!g-.el.h~r wH:h th~ gr~in I';l~tt~m ·of ~(l:G'h i,il)~~ pelr.p.~ndic:t.lJ..a·r to IRe ilut. Tihe ;l;\i)H!#tlruc:!:i1)1fI Inillthoc:!l. caUed ·~ri}ss"~],!Ji~1l lilmi[l.!lJt]olfi, l\il'eps; lhe·gm~n or the

WiJ·Gi d from. ~lPandiil'ltl ~nd (;ontuc.ung, C:'L';ea'~ LI'1!M,

:I GH!Jn'lll :[ium~~er t'oon 5{11id w~md. W~~'Wl,}o;;JJ~ ~~n;~ "':1,11 ~]ji ~ot f~ill]l' rei~i~~di (111U'! l ~hi!l inv-fntio:lilll -of b1J.Cllycl]r:a~di{l Im~ p~Si!;i :il,li1Id mtlllS!ilUfi .... r!2&l:f;l-;aDi~. ~~}fc!i~]II::ti(: iIlIiHi'i.'.dvts. l!'ill ~h-l,': ~f1J~f. ~al1 of ~hc L\'i'C'.fji~,I€\ih ';;'k"iIi!!!-i!fY.

By the ~ 92ClI~ ;:m.d: 19 ~(jS', FI.I nlli~h. 1l.1"(;'l'Itt~CI: .A.lNar. Ail!!); HIIJ;I1,~:rll1m..born ;:tr.,d~lEie-c;-t and

fl1i1'r.lit!Ll ~e (lesjgnelr HI 1lIr!;lli Elr~'~WiC::l;; :ili1tl ol:her~ ''iiorere de~!!lnjriQ ,1!!ld manu fOl!l:tulinll. benl'-'pll"'v!"ood fl.lil'llitiLue·, ,Ou.rln~ WcrUi W!:!I" :iLne-w :ai:r~Ia..l;ie t:e.cl;u1iolilgY Jeve~Qll'ed by ';gil'lIn. Nmthi'~,p of NE'w.,'ir~. New' Jc;:r~e')I, :iI.~d Chadli!::i; ,![f,lJd, i~ity

1~::U1i1'~ii or iLck5 ti.:ii1J~~I>I!s!. Co!liifil'l\~ni'1J iti!S:i;I;1~ed. ll:r:11 m.m¥ m 1l!!!!I.I!f!'l('t!.l!.r>~ng :;J(i,'II<i!I'!i!:e::;; ~()r t~ :!:1i1IQ~dl~li!g and s,hi1J:tI'FI;g of l)iPi!'oo~i .. A fie, tbll:l' WilJ~ t&'i!.l rillilW t:eJ;:hi~",i[!!gy i.t.')J;l 'to rn<lt'l.y [1'Q[mll1r rru r.~lIli,i,JIr!!:' J([s:lgns; ill' the '[iunlc.gi/l:\,: <I:n~. i at(;"f. by :iit,lJlly odllliU: (Fd¥~lt'rlil' 1 .• ·9]r, Anfllh'!1r Il~¥ll!ncem·~nt w.l:~ the :i!~1!t~~o~d~1C~~[j'!Il! ·((ftih.~ WlI!:t1l11!1l1 ,p'~e~s;. lihi!:' use (]if whh:h win he ~et;"l~lll:d! gn U1!ii ng;;II!.; (.Fiijgure l~l~. lhll:~!l!.!:m [I~!iS .rull.(ji~ ~mr)"OI;i!l1' ~ .t;:L'll!a~~ 6 ~~t.-·liL'r"l'i'aood [!iiI['j.~h; !oVitt;,. [!!"g :1!ilm[}S~ 1!J,f!li~i~!i!d r;(l:pge or s h;1!Jp~~ ;3llcl, ~illl!'li·.

F[gur.(i 1~. i6Qr.'Ilcpfyw~odlI'Y(i'J:i1i;i"C !;;~C;].:(l)~ !!l~i1it fy I~QP~l!l,f fn, ltJl!l 1 ~~ ;1!i"Id t9di&, ~ is !!Ulr,pronlJ.;;OOn o~ an EIlIiliJN;.Ql!Isigm

Fil'g;UJI\el 1:',1 10m 'TIl;:: !J;le,;pM:)'wc' V,&yuiJiI prl:~~ olpt':Md IjJIP 'aM 1Pm;!liiblli'l~~5 ltlf

i:J!llilcliI'l9 p'lyWCi!Jd panels Tn [q,,:: i5I'TIs]'1 wDrksh.:;.p.. .

IBendililg]Wo(!d, Tild'ay'

ThJ~il""~ilah~~ilY of th~~'~C:UI:,lIIlfl "r11i~~ ,aX ~ rJltJ;;ili~~y low (.iWit ,i)!nll~[! ill'l~i'IJi(l~JlJlI; ~t'); ~~tll,,': fi(]t~~I~ t!~M pt~rI'!!'l~51]i' Qnl'y ]ar~!? ~l1i,'~rpd~iI;;'$"~\I'iJh l(!';(p~~!'ii';-~ l~ijii;l.llpll'ilLt,:f~1: IJ0[J'lilcliprodllli~~' ~ifiglU~& l~llll~ 1~2'4~"

~,~i.lrg1"1 iI. JOJHI!l~Dn ShelknrIHJ'~.l3!3i, d Fori ~9' Call li:mniilIt, ac<ilkdi 'ffJJ1drij in. 200~. I~: '~fumGi I:J Il'rut iILJIilinaiGdil!sga, and fDr 'iha \i'.:ritinl3 ::'lJr.aD~! ooDk"ml!kfled [ght lili1ah~i'JilIY J.j~~r. The cori!:lu! ';\Ior1:.rrti!lflsbip arid :s!fiI,:iflg d1e~sni:!i!lN'II~d' Ih~1 P.l:t:c: ill'll ~I el'IE~Qellence' from The FWflilij!'e Soo~ily.

CO~SirilNiC ii1aMgany; jalJl'ahj redKcod ~ hcliii ~"' .

QB~ (74tlm)' ligh by 48" I[ 124~ wide b'J :za." (~4en1) de~

i~19YI\!Cil·tiI:. KiiI~-1ff1 Irrin"cd' i4HIOCltlf\!'.;, Ar1!~rHiI, g'o!l1~1edl R;ed Oif;jl.z illl 200A, The r.e'hrD.~~d pjeoe '~eal!;Jres, a'!!'ll dm'''''~r '1:1I::.U!3!: ,andl ~ m~~l!intt-cl,J~d dm ..... ur ftoj'"lfi~, wJ~i~!li ~tQ m~dl!i! iby l1~i'!d~ '~~CQ~ ~rwnd ;(!, form, Ciil IIi1PD~ru'l)ll: bu:binga.!J.O· (1 'YI'an) hi~h b, 16'" (..;,; c"ffi) '\iiid~ !by 'I ~'I (E5il:m~ .cle;(!'p.

1~lgillte 1HI3. Mii>l~mi:as. :P1ie~~ Qf New i3lediord. '~$.::d'mi>oi~ ,,@1ic1 Shg{1 lin :1008, i.t'a si~IEJ tamlnaled on ,E),fDrm; hkfi EI. canDe" C~,rr'l~"i(l!'l: !n(llIIl0:9~,11 lootKK'tc.. 27~ ~ high .b) '74,'" (1 Bebll} 'IIIio(l

I~ 11!r' (~lQm) ~p,

IFlgy~ '~'·14. ~JWliri4~ C'a!d 'T~Il!.l ~~OOJ}. 1r1l' ~a_rdl Hi. Oede!! ~t Sa'~ ~~ru:h!Juttt, 'f~~u res Q!.!i:'!i'e'iJ, ffOl'!c and :>idS iijlH!Jn:; madg b.1 g'11;i1n91 'faQil' ~;B~r5 oo~ ,f; DanHamitliitBc !blan~. Campa::iliOOn;' tnMD,gan:!l, .;;r'1J~dl blrdJ,

ht:lil.~"Gab.Drn e'biJ'J1)'i ~' (7'ikm]i hi,gil by $' iII il t;;m) 'wid!3 by '~9" (,;I5i:m) ,dlili3iP- .

F~Dg!l"!!! "!-,.'1:5". Thi~ ~di.;; r~~ i;JQ1( ~ Jim A~d~~Qn i!l ;.1lI 1!i~f,)i!5! of Hl~ $irn,;i1e bliit. ~!~~l ~~. y,~!l! {:;),'Il ~ ihriJl;J~h1 'w.~!Jd bend nt9, Comf,Xli5~jQIii: b!'d cll!3~1 !:!lJiHed ~!a smdi map'~' bWli '~%" Hh::rrn.~ higil bj {;' (1 Bcnll ,"";de, b:t' ~2'!!' {56Qf;jj~ IQ~,

Iflgurei ·1I'·1'G~ Q'~fUf} r!;r;~ tJ)l' Jilni AiI1(l~er~!I EO :;;lnQ'ih~r NGlldj,,~~p)1~g bel'1~w.!;IG!dl !iJWi.. Catrnposftkin: bird'sEliOO' r!1~ ~Il:!I,,~ ,billr!. 6" ('I 5c:m} ilmh 11y'

'1'" (i eCm:}1 raid'~ h)l

j@;' (4 t'i!lIIfI) IO-rlg..

figllill'Q 1,·1117., H'an& O(DI15:'in.Jdi!id fiJr ,t:JmgfJIJ' U;91Y!:.')' Ji.im .A'f!d~f$'i;l1lI fiN!] S~Jfla..ian'~~Ii!:: d~DM. COill~iliiiru. 1:J!:3.d1o!: d1i!lil"f !!i_llId rmrl'l~"ur.l.

0"' (1 Scm) IVgh b.li' 5'ti!! (1[km) \~idE: ~ 1..!;i~" (3 a~rn) iOfl:;]L

,Fl91.ii\Q\ iII,4!!, Mkh:Siir Wii!gdalli-.a-,I!li NatJsillft1i"

ElWIii';:'h CQillmb'i3!, C'EL'ilm:iBj worked Lcti"r;: ,a~!l'''' 2M.l, n ~i'I ,tho PQQp~~:;; CI"IQiC;~ ~td!1!!tic ~j:"4 AI'IF!ii!~ 8~ and Col1llDlirmr Sh~'io!' rn SQIlllflB, Vf.a6hingtmL Til'll' ,t;;r~.[l~: p~SiI!I'iI(!d:lh(! lr:idki'J!!:sI, cltca~(!. r;(!qui,ingl 50 iili~fl!ri!lil1t ji,9s to 'fol!!r.m 1Ji1~ ~~ lamii'iatioo:s, 'f'be il!9s .l!Jrll:l CIiI: ~rom ~ woDd, hut Uile 11~:blld.'r.reem Ule Ie?t!~ IDe !ll'l~ bt!ii~; Thl!! bud :!ipIM M ,Eli :ilDwf!;1 fiiSinG 'ltDIit'i 'lil'l!l MS~i arid the l'e~s io!d .a(J\\fII'I to ei(~ sheM!;s, C'orn~~lli!:!n: Q_JjJU:eirl v.~s~rn ~ 'p;<l'U'illatik. maple. ;;1.3" (U 05~ml 'high bJ' 1.8" (.,acrnl'.Md'e IJ~

18" (tPlk:m) d"I;'E;P, .

FilgUfi!!! 1-19.. MMk Koon.~ ~f \NheilLl!ilI1d, Wyoming., ''''-lOrke.d A Sil'fl{llt:. CIPZir F!ro1.o~ iM ~1JiJa; The pt:aJ".ld: is 11 r:it as ,simpi'!! 8li iiti; nrllme :SU!;!get.t!i. Koom:!i 'I\'a"k~ DIl!, tl}1lI de~i!jn (i',;el' 'Ifo;e ~~ars, 1irsl ~pe'!i1rie"l~1r]9 ¥Ii 1I1 5"~ ben4ing b.i1il ~ tti~, ~d 1I.J5t~ beii'lit iamil'laliOIll ,Ilnd ~e~", iI, OOit3ioo. 21,ff! ~ .and 'req,wIF~ 50 elamps ICI Sl. Ih!;!, parls :;rGUf'ilclibfm5, C'Q:I11~osilion: Si.llro/ chell)" ve'11Ieer; "':;m~ illide :sl~:ii~

8;" t~ Ihigt. ~)l' '210'" 1(66io'nJ> 'tIide by :22" (5'IX[iI)~ deep.

Figul\~ '1..20., SfJlr.t1 Cr:Jtlee w~~ by Jlorl!!!.lhi!t1: S~Ii!~l iiTIroflPtJr!!tll1i '-::!.l~ ihsi pU5b :the Ilmiis of Ih!eni lP,mei I~rt~. Cl)m,pI)!li1i~ ~~.lIt:)dI ~p~ i.l~d Ql;!riy mii!j;i'l~. 1'7'i {iI'!:iI¢i1Ii his<\, 36" {91 cm).-dlrn1l~h::r '9h.,.~.

IItIg,i:Iilill' 11-:2:1. PedeslB'!lJy Jonii'llila,n Benson 'eatu!·ijS ~k1e'S ~ l.1:5'ng a t'o\io--pf:lrl 'kirm n a! ~r p~s. Ir'£ ~flade of pemele sapele 'l'8nel!l', :maplt, bYrl, and ia Ifr\alliit1i' .op. 43' (i 09crm) high 'by I E!- ~::i E!r::ml ~ by ~ 5" (Zgl;JT.1~ d'e~_

'FigYl!I'e " "'.2;2', C~ CallA'lcJ Ib~ ,Ja n'Elrfia.J'j 'Bef'!s.on iea~tIlre:s ~o~cd \!Iood' befllt !~J'I:'1tna!lof! 'find ben t pru'lei ~QilI'i 1i'li!i.1Jotn. The ;f1neliientt~ Br:lo;I ~!miIi::!li'ijl;!~ i!1'hl!,)w Ilh E! ~rl ~l;lIll;l~ ~ 'the <C1if!.i'i&~ iilif1 d ,g!rn!~f1t piea--s roe, u.sed !e:! liiildl initHMI ID '~18 O:;S'iliiMI visu all 1111' unit)!

the pi~I;~, lhr:;; i-;; jjJ,e ~r!.t.msijF~th;ln' lI;e;ilbill-ei :shown tt;l~!lghoY1 t!'iie tNoJ:- (:(:irn~~i~i"@J'!: w,!lilnui :ilIi'ltil! d'iQffi'. 52" ('I32ci;.!) higf1, ibill' 26"" (poem) ..,009. br H~I! (.1BQmJ doa'Eip.

,FI'g!'!~ 1i~~ Til'lCiCiYrvy b1'!.:iltJ ~I W r~b,kl b; JiDnlIDlhun &n~11I pU~OOs thi!i ~imjl:!: ~Ib!!iji"j,t I"an~l lilIrm:~LitU{ifi. II ;;,;il:Io ii'lMo:

U~ 'l!I,klu~rt bGnding iorm. C:Clmpll5i~m: blllbiri~ 17" (43crm)' ~ii;t! by 44'"

{I 1 ~;:; m]) 'IOOe lit ::l' 2" {5fx:mJ ,dli!E!p.,

Fijoura1·a4." C:al~$fn;iC'l~';,dQ1 H8fI ffi.!l.1:iby J~1h!ID iEl~C!il oorn.'bi(;J!3E! simpla ,Cl.JMiS to cm:Ii:~ ;EL5iiFOlll9 S!!Ifl~i1i (if !,r'!~WF! :)I['Id ~~ID'CoiTIp~ wd!'Aui

stJd ctmr.'1' :'35" {Bg~m) high by 4®" (1 :2:20f11~ l!lijj~ by 1 6" {SBDif~l dil1illP.

FIg!;~JO ~:"1, Sl~(!!iii ~4 """<it ;>oitljj'i; \,'roo;i<:!1 '~'bN::>~ all~t11i)1iri ~ bsnd.

A :~;1~;!Lj'fj bQr.>! ~ ~pl'!;! i!:i ~~rlJtI:.

~'9ill1i1' 2·;a. $wItt1inS! Elifllli91 !he iDUiI:!l~1I! o-f

Ihe GI..!fl.ie: ~ tli.::: JiiiCo!:;! Q!;IfTiiW.oo fa~!l: If! ~"d 1J!!!n.dih.-g bi!iC8US'e \YoXicl ~be~ \!XIH1P'~ Ol"! 'lhe lfI~.lde .or Ihl!l:!:i.li1'i:: I'i~r!!; ;;:;1:5111' IllaIll 'If'leJ ,~~I,di enthe ~utsl{!e¢the C;;IllNe, Wrltd'i .e or ~~ Ihai runS oot ~.;)j Mal 'Mlii be Cil,l_ski!e qIlri'M'e' 01 thl1l' Cl.!fI,!(t,

l~::::W~:~ of

IhO!.!igh ll1[!·:!i!~p1ic~liurl!-> ,ljlil, rot~~h[)clI~, ffilf beif1.(_llllB. 'l'\'{~~~d (:~~~ seem w~i1i pl~:o:;, ~h~y ~!'~ al~ based 'f)f~ .. r~\!.! (l:Jifitilil ill.'!!ilitrul ~~htC~[jll~-~_ The 'o'I\[md flib~r~ Iii~ i1.~t h·f: i!.b~e ~o "q.retm;:h ~I~_d re:om"pi"<:S8 :aIAJlng, [lie ()i11ir'i'"~. <liI:'iiJ, U'i;~ }lI~OiJer ilm{J![I,'iil!, of moisjl.iJfe undi.'lt'llt Ilr1.IISt. be p~~~I.It: to k-t.Y'[:lI the '~.ro[j;fj :pl'I;jj.ble drurllfti!: Deft~'1 njllL.

Sill~dd1'ii!Ll.g1 lind COimp!:'essii!1g

~~r!drniJ. \'!i'{iD d ClIfI h,~ 18: chi!!~I~f1gi'n~ l)rl!)c@~:;; ull'i ilY'J'l'1I~Lndill'f~t:i!lnd jl;l;!l~ ""r,l'!i1!!t hap'p!i'iI'IiS to! \4Io1)'odi ilb~'X~ 1i!iil~" i:IH!'f .t~c h(tl)~. While W.tH;H] tfllfi,¢":r] ,a,n ~om.~"~5:;;wU,hoi,l't fi1l.1111 "S. "nI2:Fc is: :a [II rli!~ as hl! h..:lt,\f ri1lr i~ ~1lI ~C' :f!~~!,chc--(l, 'W1~h"lni!:t erillcl~~luig o'r. sp,HI:t:llng.

Wood 'ben(l~I'i@l, requlll:'es, i:wo thilligj;, lit) 'h1li1'i'.l:'i'en s~ml:.llJ.:;;}m,:oli!lsl1(. 'The tlboC''[~.s enthe outside or-a rnr'M"e need tl(t S'i:I,e-II';;h, !1Lndthe r.t~ef5 '0i1:1i the ~'lliSlde needtn ~T!Tpfe_"5i {:t1,gure 2~:;;n~ the' c:elluhll' w,,1]1> (if vrood lI:omI)IL~~:;; :nllUlcbll mere e'il11li~)"th~m they i!1t~~c+li, whkh j:> w_hif thi;! f!UCilSl, O]lJ1 1i1!1~UI Filll ~U!l;l Ihlh~n hl!o~di~g 'I~m(l Is ~plin~H!Il) On th~ ,lJut::;lldlE! 'iJ:f th~ ~!il~~<! (fig,'I'!~ ~":n"

~11I :!;om'L: sji!!.I;1lJtio'n~j S:1"i,Il'JlI't1l,g ;11 iioii:1l,S the: '!'1U~!li1:l1l' CI,H'I;'~ ,cat.'!. a ti:u~.i i,~l!' '~e <II. :!l~gj;]l{k:~:nt tilC~Ol; as

I i~'IJ.~tratoo ~iiI I;hc foliowiI'ilS~:!::;Jiril;~'L.", A p:1 "'il:~'

9f 'R'i (:Wmml"ih!~lk~1d o~k -W[l~ b~!il~ ~!iII [l 1 ;:I'"

'Woo d-Bertr:[[liIgl 'If' ,E, R M S

,Adj;~'5Itebie ,enKi' b!o~" 8ki1:ks of 'lItooIi en OOIh ,end:;; cl ~ !;-«I'lpfe5i5bn or 1b~11il9 ~'tir.ap llf1~t keefli' e[l~ JR-~~re:!J!"i 'Ilhe ~c4 ~ ~ '_ f beoo~,

,A1~, WOOOI dil1~i ~j.hOll!t ,~il~naI t)SSit ~ fn, a IitJlfll lNi- ~tufilZi OlIfiI~t Qf :aij'od~ \'fOOO' is QJoo,f1 tiSOOr;[M1l ~hat (If ijn-drle'(j 'l'I'OC'!I;i"

B'en,t ~ami!ila'iio-Jl.ial'dn.81 ~!ililj I~~ of wo;od, ~h 00. w.rnk: HI ~ 'bh-'n !\'2'[l~ 'fQ ~cl!;illi il::; ()1J'/1i1, ().f ~iUlll~ ~ illIi'JidJi.!irs ,ofan edhe~J.ie. ~nd ;gluing thOO'l rog~lJIer f'i ~ (;uMidf-ol'11l,

OoI'lil~nI!lllim Q~ N'ttdlilil!!!1 s'ti!"il.p. A m1ltai mp r(a-ced ol1'im .olftsm ai ~ 'ClIW to kilieJl"1M Vf~ firers: ino:miijjf~OO to hel~~:the ~ from 5~'jlifl'Ig and tl'iE:l\Jng.

Grai!"l.'ll.m-out WOOd gf'alj'd~t traveis; ~l~tI Ih.9 Otrt$1c!e Siun9.q! (Ii' UiE I~ arn::i' Is li10tlaiy tg .sJ1t~: at tho;:; pant !;'i'h~l[lit b~ 'ih6 S~"

t:l)e,M'il'ilgl" '~eflmn91 vrooci IDy :addi 1"1;9. ilf:al, !SIJcn as

'Y'Itlh e, beooirlg irOO. . -

KJIIli-.dfledL WoocE IJ'iIa1 i;a$ ~ai'l diiad in :a. 'klhi'li" ,i,jil!ia£y'~"~1'6% 10,Q% ii'loi~;1jft·C!cfi~,

Lignin. A ile-)iJbft:;, gllie..J1'i<t: chemical In '!MMd 'U'1at ~ "'''et. claws. ~ "lil:! iba1d~, wnen lIi¥, ~ wwJl1 rtl~·

,S~lMlidrniQ.lJmgl sle2Jn,:aM iEaI: ~·.bafip' ~I 0ffsn jnrc~1;1 ,~€ ~ of ,i} ,sttlilim boo;"

(,3&:m) f:!diill.lJ!!O .. ,]'h~ ,g;ri!!ll~;ll :I'e'I:-!~ihQ f th!l1! iPl!l'ce' 'i\f:;],~, 3~M;" (,S7AicTll]1 ~fig!,!!;i~ 2·4),. A:fl;~r ~t;e>l!m b<l!'~d!i:ng:.. dH! m,'hld~ ;!iil,lrF3~ ~l$"H~d 3r,~" ti(il'Ullt;;rn~lo !1f!;,' i!!nd ,t~!Il insiCi't;i I!;!!lrf;;a.~ ~e,~5'!,r~~d ~4K~ trl1i7,Ikm} IOUil@;II:i1! diHIi!;riliOC'ei 'Of 1%" l+,SiI;:!,n) , l'klll d:lltllHlil'lCl!I':s: iTii,If:~'1'I t~fJ nb en; on, tlw .ulJ;t ~l(lt _ 00 f Ih~ (~r'tell: b;a,1.I to ~r.(:t"h aTild sH-d:~ 1I:!'f' (lad! ';jitiltt"r' %. j~!j!i:riTIfiI)" while- li1.c fjbiilir~ On th'!ll insliJc '\'r~rll! c!ll.!-vipr~~!!l'd ~~_,ii I(i!ii IlPIl1,j. ~JI wh h~I!.:J:t: th,~ W~{I d cr;1IC~ uns (I'r r.(lIJ'! ng {!F;iQiU,~' ~··'5j" ·n~!!o1 'iit)(;;!Hlpit;l! i~ i!! !~t!YI n-j t~~i [lmill~~; ti"l- tl~'iii ifi:r~ :!Jllung on h~id!l!' I!Iipif!CIl' {](f WO!L'!iI :3iB it i:s Ibeing, 'bi!'~t. BIl't;;Ili~~' ,!II'Qllodi'f."i!I, :q:rD'1i'i! ~~ny 'QQ~pr'i;!~lSi t~n 6t[l(!lcn. iiJ; g;~f! .. t!2:r ,~~ClIll~lIt ;[If t:;h"lI!.l_~ us irt!ilill

-~hic!( ~ec:~~ ,of b!Hl]~, 'w(lolill 'C:i!'l1i :be IbIJ lit II.llp'ifmm IJi'k1Ilr'f!( 'I hi IflI 1.!i,)'E~ gtued toge1:he;r,

~lTik:1-; P!~,!' ,M !lii:!tld wiJd G~lii' be

ib@lIlt '1::1:11 ~d'din~ h@a:t ami ilT'lOI:!itln€!', ~lllJd by Ire~t.~li!'iI'1'i9 ,t he '~~Iil~ ~Q the

=:z::) =-z ----.. .:-11 ~'!!I:!;r.lt'f!lIl1r.e'

!l:!i!!1:5'lde:lil:i~u'c~li't ~!llre:t(.h .!ill!dl bJi!l~k. IE--=Iiii ...... -~~ .... ' - ~..7 -/ 7" - -===.::::-....:.""SJ" I~-~~~trn!,awt~l,

1he P~in,dples ,of Belli:iliog' W:Ood

,AI i !he 'o!"tiII:lHJI~ metnods fC'J bi!l:1dllFiQl '1/,\1'00 d OJ re bas I!! d 0 1111 a {ElM

f!.l Pldoii ~~lfJt~IIPiiiri~i!p~~

-G',!;'e'~ '~'[I"e~~il,!"~ wood b ~I;!l'iph;:' .jjlflidi ,e~~y to beMl :beColJju~e It, CO!'i~'QVfl4 oilJ I'Q! ,01 mdiS!liIlI'!!",

,=[:i.r:;" ',~i'fif~ Cilin. b~ mi'ilf,e S!lI PIP~ 'r;;:.f lJ.r;.;ndiPg by .f!ddll!1!S, ooih h!:lillt and mIJlm.!re.

,_ Tihln pl~~~QfWiXid .ne >ei!J~y to be!la Ib@calll~e tnil!l '~ibi!lr~, an the out~dli!l

o~ i'hli!' cu rlo'!3 dGlliIl need 10' :s:tr'!:fb;:'h ;,lli\ji,]:tig ~tJ!ii' ;;:!Ill~

F:I'gl!r,o :2.;;l!, A, 't.Mj!~ piQ(:Q 'Cli f,;,tQfI.:j r~ fJ(f.io:ibiQ SJi1:d1 @.'.>I;',if ~I) b1300 m!Jcll!t b.rIliIDQIi!g.

_~ _ __ 44'"""4'

Thi;l diiF\()f;()f'!~~ 'i!1: $m_.U b;;)l(mi;Mll~F.lgl ~ l·!iJVI the oo~id~ (If i.h~ Qlrfe, ,llInd! rl.!:1l1{i~rn L" an u,!!:l ill1:.sid~ a,f the cu~~ il!1,'l' 'l';'&Udi Hber.l> doni h~tl(! !fi< ~lr"o!!!b;I' \1~1'1j 'f,lllr.

YQIlJ! can !jI~I:e lrr'~\I' :tN!li ~ers: Qif w~ iQg'&l i"i!;lr in a '~ir~ 5~~ Th1~ is iaminsf.e bendi'~,

~\~9n y&u band ,iII

lf1ick piece of wood,

'If!.!) .:iff'!] i1cnO~ ill, I"j~ Ilul"tWOt:A !~ng'ih l,t- om. lh~ t,lL'.Jt~idel ~f ~h.'!i eUiNe Md ~gin L- an iliic ilisiclEl'_ 'Th!!!, ~'liJdd lilil~l:s

m!Jst :!itretdJi a ~o.I. 800 are Ilkeft 'lID. break.

A. s:l.I.icl compr(i:>Si;oo strap, ~'lh ~ b~5 [I1~!li1l5 1he wi)od libers 'fr'i)f'I1I £~relcti~l~. L.en.glh 1...+ rOM ~ PIJ15iill'e- of 1:1te oJ;lJ1'I'e r,elT!W!l~fl! clese W ~he origiF!!it! hil!iigiift 1,.. In 1il11'e~I, tt~ lloel1traJ 311l~ a&lIiftE f,rQm tltII! ,~nt()F oIl& th~ !,!.W~ ~41!,'i~41 ~i1i{!i !1;o!jI;:[;N;lc, ~i,!f-h:II:C, Tihil> il:S siaam bl;1ndillI{ll'

~lOlnili 2-4. The! QriQin;p] feUlgth Q'f !he Ibawdl

~s 9414'i t38eirl),

A.'%:i r :;:be:mn b.er.iiding~ ihfi !Jl.dr;im!) ;5JU rfo::::e iTI!l~~I:fIj);d ~I.{;'i;

m i Born) 1'IJ.:ii!S! !!'.Ild i.IJj'i:: ins'jdg ~f.l!lri!!' nlel!l5ul!:lcl 34%''; (81(.$~)

- - '

- - - -- - .

FllSiUifO :iI,·6. 'ThIG: Iii illlCiil' of ,y~" ~20mm)·tihick: IlE!d Q:a,1!; ~~ ~~':)l!l!1!-~~~~ to a 15" (Seem) rnd iU:5, OUJ~ngl the' b!!lIIH~ill'9 ~!i!h.a.e$~. 'IJ~~ flbetrS '~n In;!:: ou:b::£rle (!!f Ih~

C!JIV!J s.lri!!!ttOOd ~':..

n 15l"r!r:F!) \I\l!'lii!i; '~he nb~1;5. Oil the Inside of 'itJe CUIVEi ;;:ompr~:5Md' I W [;:i!'.9cm); .

i"ggl.il'iili l·iS. A miilbJ ODIT~p~~ilJn ,sir.ilI:JI' hlll'l,p:i l':ilQP ~hl!i' w.:iad fi'llleirg, [n e!JimliH~~ign tg 'p~~/!!:'r~t :s,plit~r.t@! El!oo!J.f.OI:::king_

F~gul\~ 2-7, A.Jj!J~i."..blt, bltKk,s an cithci C'nd !:If !he ~tj!f' ~r!, pfe$!!I;Jfe QrI the ~fid$ Q:f th~ ''!'~ood ii1iid~~ iie!p t-o keep Ihi! \ri!:md] ~'rQ-.rn 5pfrL'!jjJ~! crac:f.:II1!1P, ~ f .. l.\!~,

Q Il: 'tne [liiside C'!Jw¥e. If }'QI.I 'JII.~H~' ~e drnw ~ line at the .clml~f' (jf ~1;I".ci; ')Ii Wlllij!~t th~ Wi;:mclJ rlbG~ tin !li;l-t ~J'!U'I'iI;!',! g~ W'QIllJ.d h~ ~~~~ut. lwllil-Uri IT'd!;; III [ U1r:! 'I1ttl,~ In fr~jm ~'!."L'I;: (;OIM;4"'~' :§;i~!I! (Dr ,g ne-Ithitcll ()f lih'll! ~va'~ lin fr..:iiinl H'iie ol!J;i:er :\]!JlEf.ace.

Til hElp 1ii'r;,l::iI('iiu the wood [Ihl".~:;;fili tt~e eutslde era 1!,I1'Didi f!fl(j m ~!~lIb~.Iiit8,alfld ,!:nt:l:cflliig, :ill metilil {'1m!1 p'ress&!11'11 q,r 'j}emli~g :81 L~o!Jp eanbe pl~ced {I n the om~1J;J: orr ~~,e eu rove {liig!ilIlNr~ :2·6). l'h~ :stnlPI ;.'ii'l'l]iv~~d be made or ill, (j!i!~Jb~e ,8im I) ;[ilf; g;ll'!r,ini,z~d, :i"l~iLlbi!5S, 011.' SPfil1!!t n-eeli These t}'P~5 .il,:I~ M,e~ 'IIL'iII 1'Iii:J:t ~t wi~h th!ll w,",Dd" and '~\!1.'~ 'C~ru;~ ~tai!1lt\;

! 11 the VifQf;i!!ll ~;hat cannor 'bill r;-eIl1~m~~.l,

I:lIladdl~I(]n. t~~ ~h'l,: :!;U'iil~,J, a,[lj 1,J;/i"Jblc h~ul;)!.c~

;Q ill bod'l I!!Ald11 "(If th,L!:' ,s~ra.p ,calli, h co' il!Sii!d ~m. ~X(l~~ p!r.'Ii!!;'~~:f,t:' '(1"1 ~n!il C;i:1IdSiO r~he woo dI IJflgti;~~ 21-'7l, The- com pre-s s.'1 0 1'1 '1I:X!e-rteilii b:ythe end h'1'O'L"':b ~,r,.ew.i1Il fine '\'I'o!i)od flhoC'rs fr'Om ,~tretil,ll,liIg, 'Whkh ,,,,l;s!lJi ke~ the fib'li:':l".ll (rom, ::'e'[)lll<itJIlg, (ill iiho~ (i'!iI:t::;ide :SUIr.f;'i(\i: lilt' the rnrye. R,emembe,f in the'e'c~:~tnil,ple !ih;(lI"!i\~ how much, I;he ClIJtsiililiE' :'\'lId~t'£' ,of (lilJf Iboord w;a,~ len;githened, and ~trie ;i IlS~.d-e ;!i;hOii:'i!(!'~C!d iI!5 the' 'i!l,Ci nd '~,\f~;S hiiurlYW h~"~tnil

b ItlC~5 :;'i['1I' pI3"~ 1[).Iii !:!'iU~i!'r .and (~f Un} '\!Ii[] n ~~, the '\\"IIJ ~Id wm, r!?:a~h 'inl!! i~I):!il~h betw.g",~ U~1i;'

'b iocli::s P>iti:willf U~ r(!ol;ll~hl ~h e bendliiiS l?rotill,~~, AcS, 'b'!l'ilJitiS contl n,iJ:Il1S:" Ith'll: eads of the '~iJ~ ~r($ t1N f.on::-c'lil, liii.oOl:h(:~~Hi i)~(Jo(ibj. cl'>Ciliiing l;n;:-,itv:;:~'1~I,fJ,ti:s, i.Tlf\M;1!rd pre5l!l1lll r!: !:il;1!~; '~fie~~ the rjb~r~, tQg~l~~!f', ,;:n~~, w!ll.n~I~~d lP'r~~IJ,I!J:Ie i~ wl:!!il!!: a llgi"~, the'!ll."lPood te h~'I~d; :;tr~dt; ~nd c~m:p'f~~. 0'11 r <It. the ~;1!_I":I~'e tim~. '\ji~:ho"'t 5,pEi.~ttin,Ill' ct::l!l!:lki!ilgi. or f,olcijlilg.

M~oilsh.!:re andl li'gfdni

'WQ(ld~t> hil)ln~~~~ 'lil,~~II:.wp .!liIIQ'\1I~ :it W< $~.rG~;(!~ fiI[!d! 1\:[I~Pfi~, 'YiI1!,ii''!lJ}!: r~~lli'lalTlly w!lm~~~cJ WUWJ'S y!:;'~!.i,i'9I! ~~~!i.\k P[~'JJ~rii~ I)~(.~~I),! 'I,I;'(I!lI'd m~S!i

be ilihliC' It~)ben.d. as I,t, s:r~)~\l'::k liru '~!!ll.fll: :ilp~~,IC'.5l, bJ'ane:Jit'.5 1~]"i1It [l;r.,f)'>!Ji' tC!:uI~, (~.f}fll tt~f: ~~ii.l!i~!k {]Ifill tree siilre~lIiIi Oi.l~ ,anil, ~roJii liIo'!l!.'fi. to ilIUfI<\!I the ~p~t"r iJI'jJjn~h!}.s 'more '006:1111, tOgL'O'W, The !lIdk.le;;i, weight o:f twl;illS' a [']iIl :lie;ruve,s: ~t tj~l!lld or !II b~~lrt1::h eIllfil elso !!:~ta5'1i: ,[I, thnoci:t to l}end down. bll.lt wllhO'lJt b:r:e3lUn~i' Also~tl)e~~ it3J1ili hell:om~ {hlll13.:~,il but Y!ot killed by Il~1il t\il~ight or il!:'li!. ~~C!i'l'il; '''I'' i;lHl&U 'tlL'e~5 tha~ :ma!f f;:I m, f'iUl them, lh~y i:!!rI be benr oy,wr I~f' wind jjf ~<'I:n. IYNW '!),iOl ~q~iI;JI' hIlI!] a~O!fII ili:1S1f' Uil~!tr>~ l-I{~.

,Moll~'!cIre O':rJtii.:t1~ pl!~F!i: a, ~r:~' ro~!il' 111, ill'vod'z.; ,ai>'i.'II,ty to b end, 'lb gjve }I'OU ;'iJil; 'bdJt".ilI of hcvw ailfillJich 'WLIII~. Is pr\f:Seil~: Ifili ''i,.'j\o!J'd, Iton:dd er tllilllt, riiHIi;t [r~hi}"'''1ut It rees {wMd~ h.OI;'i!!!1: Ulie:::U"iy the' ~~mn:e 1lI.l1iQ!l.lJnt or Writer <l$ll¥iII'~ itru.s} we:igh !!it Je.:L~1 tw;ic~ ~hE'iil' dry '\'I''e~g'h:t;, ;md: :;!jlrni:il~t: !!ill !Qhhe w~i:gh! cl~rf!l'n;~nce is the ~:I:nG'lJInt (;if~!ic1l;te'r[J{e.~<e'flt ~n tih.OSI.'li;! cd, 'fhit 'wMiII't. h:.J.:',1i"5 '~I$n~n, a ch<e'l1'1tl;:li~ lin ilitlmllthat iI~t~ Int~ fle;o;.:::ilblE.1 :Sll;ili'!, p;l!I,ahfil!'.

Ug~i!l, 1'!lJ tutr!li. hl!'l:1r-i 'W'jJ:jJid! :\j!,r~.:li:h :il!l"!d, !\;i;!ianipi!"t!'li!i' WH!joHYLI!t I:~aril t'I(l;" Ct:! n,V!l:rs.1l''iY. \<.!IIWI'Ii ill,g:r:r11l1l hLlrdflIlS" ~i :jJ£1 d, ,r~gi.dHy to Wti ad.

It\" also ill~r!'Or~'ilillii: to !l.Ii~ltl(:~r.gt;il.ndJ mil) lstu re eontenr ~n the m~.cl\rucnp!c ~~vd. \y';jfHl'Id~ hk~ mest Qtl.le:, ~r,Il'lF1i~C m;1!~~ri"'!~, gHIW~ hy cell di~':is~,g[r:Ii, .A~, th~ I!:~!~~ grO'w, th~y !!!ooept ;].rn:d t.i!:i!I!1!51lioq;~: T!' oiL~tl.lrl? :m.a, ~'!.!;iri:E.'m'~, ml;ilQ)J, H:k",." :spOfl@;'m dol1'.!i with w:~t!gr; Lo~~ ",!fl~~ thi1' tre!i! 11:!!i ,dii?d, tiTle- M;!od C~i5, ';iDi!lti~ll~ t'D i'lh.!iig.~ib :iimft. R!1~::'IS:1;l moisture :Inl thl:s; :!JioJiJjS)!!-,i,ltjm mfi'llIlii1llt;. wlMdt ls wh}r iSlC!:iJ,ti, "1,,,oJ 'i'lim ,OO[iI'I;IlJi:n~l~ <ilxp'ilIliid iltiid !i:tmt,rili!.:t ;;iwill iil~[lr' it h:ilI:l: ibiJlmli '"li..iil j, Jr.I,):J, !!itlIJ r.n'i!!lh~d. 'W!:H:~J:'~: !lX'~I;rti'm;;t:l i,]hi!it:~' t!O, ii!ibswh ::lind ~i~I~~&il: m!i'listYrei~ 'WI1IIi~nT' ;1! I1Ji!lM::l!!:h~, r'Ol" mCi:sr l'i'l) I) d~ro~~\:![:'!ii bL;!c~1""U):t;:~~: i!,1't~~n!l till!;! ~f!tinu~l ,ell:p:illll:!liDJ,l :lind !l:'C[)~rn.ctllil!l'.i of' 1AA1'l!ld witl1i ~~:Eol1ii!jl mQi!ii;Iili['~ !;h:JIng)ll~, :Ht;l'L'/!'I;!\'W. ~h~ 1!!~5y ~9i~,t~1[;1l' 1l!..'l:l!;:h:!!!Il£i)!! cJlids; in h~ll:d~ng of WCJod_

f:~9lmiJo 2·:8. Yi:JUVGl !lrobBibl)., 'l'iib;I!:l~s~d 'llioOO't! IIIJIIi'burai iIl,ladie plU'p!J.r.ti~:!(. lin llii~ iPhakl. ~h~ lri!e' lilaEi glOWTi at fIl'! :I!rrif!~~ tJ~ HIoi! w~~li]l fi~: 'i'iirld, :~now, !IiIl"ll1 k:.e_

1Jliidil;!':lf,Sl:iilndins thililwood ~ib.50:r\bS .iilil;(1 'l"itl]i:!'iIsel> moits.tl,i[~ :and de t;!L> ~!J]' lI:ifSJ! ani!'( Jt h"'~ Ihil~!~ !i,;1i!lt ilUld drli0cli ~ugg!:.s,ts ii), W1~.Iet)' f.ih,~";iIi}'3; r!l}~ I,!.!S, to

add m!J)~s.lure to 'Wood" whiil?h ~d:teil.s the Ilgnlll "luI 11IIri1lh::s the. boC'.11 dl~ prn;GC$~, ,e:j)$~C~~ ~~CiIll1:!>e we i)!ISi;) k!f!f1iw ijrjt!);~~~li I.t>~ rjgidrty to WQQid whf!)!]1 it !ifl(;':;i,wl? k~o",\i' ~ 'ic\l':llilt W <1lb;lIW the w~~di~g, I\k~1' pro p~rir ~,Ci it t~tt~r ,hQld.!] it;::il,(;ur'!'~d shape, [;t'G!l1i~:rrl;I:j.ii:!l' h!Ji'l'ii'Il!'~, t~~t :oo!),~\fOo..;i .'i\Iii W !i!~I;L:dh'

,

~1I\m! :;i. ~imdi'!)nq'~£!o ~,~hi!:r~ '!xl' itii ol!'i~h1!1iI.1 :;;h;lipB, 15:0 5Qm!6 spril:J;gb:jjdl:; sOLl1,llid be i;'Xp.~cbeld"

'To Bend or 'Not '1'0 Ben,d a Proj:ec.l?

Nl;Jlw t~:iit, t;(.y iknu'l.l;' the bi'il);ic!i (~f hmJ,l' w~lod tll~f1il:I~~f. I~l'i;; ](I!(lk ~~. wJ~(!!t }'lJI[l!'U ~p!t ill;! ~l:)flYJiM~~ 'bdi;Jl~ startli1g ill, I' ro) (...; t, 'n~e first d8i;;~loI1 flit! \'i'ilil ilt."l·{[ 10 illlilll\::e I,~ W~1~ttl(1' or jjotb('i1Idh~g I~ ~.l~i'~T rUIi"}'IYLlir (i("t!ISI"i. A~ you r.s elf [he rflnuwil"i,~ quesHoos;

Is; the s:hiil.lH~' easter ~o Gut .from: i!. soiiifil ,[ile&~ uh,!,Q;od:?: Coot, pi[lf~.s [l [1WJ1:I: here 'be;;::ii!iIJl~'g ther~ '!i!.~~~ most Ulretjllb~ iii, 1m 01 ~'a::ne IresU:hillg from ~lui 1:1.1!, a clJ"~d ih!IJ&J'il: Cram (I sL'r.aii;t!,;li1.'l pi~i;le gf !'!'''(!Iodl. tJw lo~El.~ ~!~I;! at'rvt' ,;md the ti\lllht~r j,nlll ~,3i'~h];s. I:P'I;!

I:lil;1;I r~ \va~tlil 'ih'fl\lll' will be. '111 mQ~ w""gds. thll' tlb~T.s arc n!l'il n,~ng I,r! un,'I,l: ,;;.u~(tbL:!I1", ~!1i 'U~{:rtl, !JI:ay titorl! ill \<>;'{-ak ;!Ipootwhi!r'll: ~lic :l}ii',aJilil :Is: Slh~iI'~",

'POetS I~'be ~~i!i!]j !lIJ Utewi)od ~~!ild H~:elMbJ 'b~~~H!"!t~ :S~m~~ ff:g'lll'rod \Ii'(I{IoI;b h:il'!!'~' g~hi]J t~~t runs 1:i1J :an Irrc-.ci.ilar ~,~Ii,~rn, 'w~llilih wm ten,d te :5~nt er e:rncl.!: i'iitNU t~~e o~t!t~ :~Utfi'lil)e (if ~I!l,e 'b~ritL

Whc:re win !tll'icllliii,i:sh"e'4ill pIU(~e ltit: i.'iI:;;~n Thin it abeut dll~ r,j nish '!fOil! Wiil nt to [1St'! ;1.1:1icl1 '\')/"iM.(;r~ ~:I.'i.e piece '~'!/'Iil 'ffi;e lceated, I i ~he p.~,~c::~, Is to be (NIiintoo {i ~ statned darik M.m ~~ I:H ~,I,lSld,~, ~e'li"er!l:l :solid ]l;fii\l'cli;!s ,of' w'Q'!)i;l may be ~M!ll t!~ he j(l,i !1t~d to !\:if."~;llie' H,~ dil!'dlr,~d '~b 1I!PIl!,

F.rsiLIl'e' :rl!""9i. J\vC!Jl<1be ¥root! llieFldilli:i) t;::qu!tt$ 1M bl.liik:!ef I)) eOFl5irud f~m:lo <tiH:II fg:'J, '".,Ihirn eafj, be q,i:Me liff'le C>tIMurning .. Till!!! ~{!Ill!i is 8. !\ro:-~ joll'llt fer I:M!lNiir.l9 ,8. s'I.:3.dk or 'UhitJ wood iami:Ji3~ml'ls. Thi!l :::'I:la~1 raii1 ali9n ~ lWei p~.c1s 01 the f~rm ~ .. ~ 1!l!ey ere Ileing Ilfu<aWl~ 'oo.geU'!er ~ltI~ clam~,

,j:iigul'oIIl~'.'IOi. 8:ef'itwaod 3!1l\\a)i'1.> 6pmng~ hEld:: Eo seme ,~~~~r.~ ~tlljlt ii li;:.~, !x:-ClI'I rCi'ii~d '!fM~ H~c bC~!t9

[jjr:rm. Si~!!lfIi,bomt'IPilirm,~,~ back rIilom [limn kminEll~ bt!l1d~, ~t 1Ut,.!! 'il~per:IeIllOO fu !l!hI!lITll 'OOw fu IPrOOiel iIl'l~ ,amounl ;!)i '~.ll~I!Hje1i,. ,~fid '~~ I~Ek'lr n ~ :fDur de~j,~ms,

~:OW ml!i!i!:~ 'Illi~~' aDd effo:rt, '~'mfCln 'you IPUIt:' ,in;~ COJ'[sii!leJ' the b:ibor in'!l\!)!'~ 'l¥ih!l."1lli ,d£;cidJn!J

t'Q use the .lllra;cesfO of b,enuiting; It takes i,1 cm'~:ln ili!;JWI!Ii~l~ ,or !:l.m~ to '!;{i:r.I:~~tl(u;! thi;: ,liIwhh s~ld ~igs, tl:i~8U~ :1:,"91). am.! tnl!!t'(!- I:'> a f3ilkIr!2' tfI!iil \\'ilh :!lorni! b~l1i!dij:r:!~ I?~O(':~!i.lii~li,! l r 'j.'~y @~~~['!':!'rt, :a,I:a~1i1.i!1i;1!bl;'~ ph:c~'. }"{Itt '~\I'.I,j'11 nill'!l:d ttl SPi:lild a i;IlI'Ii:Ollnll ill rrtlIol.mt

,of ~1 t.lfwf: :&O'I.'Wfting. Ut.lOOthJI11}, and g~uins 'th,1l' ~ilIm~:ni1t((1lu; Hlf.1 d th~IfIi::l,eilJnil1g tilP t It I: (1:ri~d !:iJuc end br~fl~i~H! the lPi~ t~ !~~ riifl;d ~h~p~',

How wi~! 'l{Q'lJI rClop"ei whl1 'the :!l~!11~!Qb:;l!ck;1 ~~dl!es~ @f Ih:-l;lll,!,' Wr!I('!;;:!! is b'!:ntt~ll:re i~; ;]: t~!1;::L~~C;:~1 fair th~ '1;:1,1~"'~ till [~:i:il; ~ ~itdi!! mom: tilillil)'. l~d:;; ~!i! b,~ d!l!<!ltt wHh '!?"i1h~ !by' 05it1!mri!1g ~h~' !i!!1!ds 0:1' b~1 'l;::IIkl).l!l:3t~[1jg: th!7!!)~gh trj3l~ ,:)nd ~[.ri[Jil' how mu(~ ~1 piift l)iJLdilli" ~pi."r;l!il$ of \'!rooJi at ,ill paFtklllt~r rod.us 'misht splr,i,liir~ b~l.d;: ('Fiyu Hi 2·,. ~O~,

A(i:~r .:.:(m~I,d'l.l'~in$ ;ili:I, 1J:r th1i'l;!11 qiJI(:~iJ:IOr.1/5i ,~ O~~i:n, d~ciJ~ il!'i h~lJ'i ilil: ('O!r thf.l' frJ!l!fldnfi.j, q{ ~~is:nat: !l!1l\Q"~rtl, ~~H!:. ~.d,d""d ~tr~ilgth it pMI,!,id~~, :'ll1!d thll! ii!rnd~!1C)' g;:!i!l!!l'd when h ~!!din~ t"i1/lJiki,ptll! J.:'i'~OS {P~su~ :il-U ~:n.d. 2.l'2~I.

FijOUfB :2,,1 i!I. iha ~I!N Jv.;;lJI St:1.f1pIl./fI;. ~i!\;i!.!'ied, Ml:1il Jil'i'!;;),It1<J1l1 B!:iifl:l;OfTi

to haJi"Ell mm'J3l illlil'&l:ilil1i

0:1 d'e~igl1. Mudli ,ei the '~i,!(ll t!!1It4!f.8Y' ii'! 'l;Iii(l; p~~1 oo~ frocm '~h;:: mill;:::; !he!: I.5OO'm lo !lIDjr.aJ Dill!

f Cfl'l, I!~e, Q~fl~ll:r.

FPa 2,.~,2. 'The ben~ !ffill[na1l!!jJll~!i! of 1mi!l tabla :J!'"II:! at&!! to i!iUfipJt :lIJilremGlndbug ar:ooL!lr!~ 'of ""Qigllit The 91o~ Igfi i:J; %,.'i {1 !:Ju!lliIj '11t~! ilCtJJljI' Ei' t 15GOifi/ in ~ill~[! :a:nd wwghs morn li1<lJ'11 200· pound:;,

~lllur'iIi :l\-l:J.:" 5iQma g~r r ~~.be !tililii'l'l: ~i_1y blli<lt~ ",m~IClU!:B.,'lr addii1E:l'nal rooisfuJ Fe or be..t; III m t 8!~ ~d i;l!~'911.~: iht: Si'C[~~, tendemcy 10 !1p1~ baD'IoL

~19U"'O 2·'HI,,, ~ C~1iI ba '!;{l<R~ te ~ r,oo'jsl!!JIOOi ~ rn~kii!l i! ~a~F 'lID bend.

FagU!lD :g·'16 ... , :;;;Q;:.I.;:~d! lNDod L:;; aEi£l11 b~H''Il i:i\f!l!f a hG.t ilr'On.

FigU!\1i 2-1 (Ii;, S~C!.!ti boxil;':!J Cf1J:tL'b:i 001lh t1es~ ~mJ !if'I~i~'Ii!JR;!: Ik; 8~t "'ioQd ~t for tlil:ndilfl{l.

Choosinglbe Right Method

:t'r.k~ iii'lO'lltte~ ~hi: f.'~~!il n<S-''i:'''ht'~Jh~r ~~'s i!].la,iWl' IIWU:sb1ii'1.l op!f1.'atlm~ er OJ, sm<lli slnoi]lp='~i'I~ue' are nw basic :l'iIl,eihoc'ls, f()II:b;elldi~1!l: W!i)od,

Bf!'i!iii1"il1i,g giI',I::Cn, "fO!i]d,; ,0. bend1fiS 'WI) (I,d th<lii was n~c~l1dy alree and h,.~'n'ii; diciH (:E'd:gl!~e' 2-13), BeruUng \!01'CiiOg, ~iI!ll;)ed either ilii ~V~.Um. W.:ltter ,0 r ''Wf:!rm wat~:rwi~:h a :nn.il'j!ue of cn-em leals

;( P~g!l!,~ 2~ :IAII.,

U~;~nifi; 1i.e3;~'. ' .... 1 n hJ1 can :hilliit: tn!? wm:i!d n!b.(!"if,~. :1,0 '~i!!:IdI ~h~ 'I!Ift;!!i;id, (f~!!(;-e' 2-:Un.

'Us~ng stcamlitlld bcOlit. .~If). f:o;['l(;;r.': ;nl'toi-stl;lle bacik h:lItO ['ITh!: 'i.-'JR1,(j;~ bt:iore b;;;"iftmI iI1i;g it ('Ifiiguro 2,='l.6:~.

U5iling']-I~ b!l:int-'I:!!!ml~nl!~hlilli i!$i;liilniq,'@e. wMd1 liil"I'DII,!l('S ~<1tl n,g: !11,1!il'!illrulJi.!! 1a.¥"t:'.!11 of ~hlb1 ","uod.\;

f!.JIcn oif '\'!thkh ts thjn e:riiolJl~h 100 bend OLl 11i~ own Clr. 'W1,tirlthe Oirlded molsi:IJ,lIe (If <Iiill,lI1dheSflw, artdl g[u I~g the'ln tQg.etlill!l'r. ina C!JlIII'¥OO JOIr.m ~ f.~11~: 2·l7~.

~FllGt!~2·'1!!!I. P.i\i;Il~cbii ft!adl)<:JI' one ~[ ""I' L~ W>D~d, ~h Em 'lf1.~ 91.1 iBF ~; ofikm, QEiJ'j bi3l bGrrt IMilh ni3!ai: ,~nd ~J~iTil:lll ~1nr,.LIlI}t. e] rndi~ILiI\1:'_

Cli(;!{)MriI~ ~~v%,dii, irli'lICt!iOd. 'i.;)! CIi:llj'l!I(~1IfOf ill,

pOlin,1 ~!;.!bilr i<!ftli(l\r;:~i,Ii~"", .• illt d(>i?!::~iirl~~ (]I!!,!, :,:i,!i1i;iI1il~I)~r !/lot t:iomh;liC'riilUOn!l .• '1'hL1' ortiC'. ~Il ,",'h t(;1ii 1:0 (;onsldell' th e opticms mOi,:Y v,u~' frCilm [fIroJect to pmjcci', hlJj~ 1.1 isbc-si; 'i'D' :~p thl)l,jl~, ,all in mln d wnelll, .milkin~ !l; cholce.

F~:guj\e 2,.'11., In IJ;ent lamiflOlfi(:;l]$, lNOod is cut Into !hlll i;jj~'€f:S- [leU) :.mdl Ihen ~rrt in, a ClJr.-i!:d lbrm < rlr,hi).

fype' ti!f Wood.

The I;JiP~ o£ m~~IE'ti<ill)!:I be !jI'~~d 1'J1:Qi)'1 b,!!' ~liie f'1i!$:t i!'CIIl1!i:oi!l"Il!. AIi:!k )'o.un;~lf ~1:i1E:~t!! iI\Il!i!C!:s;t:1.1J ri~~ 'Wbi:;r~ ,[l[\"! ~llil;! 'pr!J;p~rtii~ or ti:1~ iIi~!I!d~ of 'WeiJ ~f.d I pJO!i!l, ~~l !lllS'Il', iUilcii Iww ~:hld, s'hrl nid tiil!il: tni'iJ~l:r.ll!ll b ~ ior

my [pru1(lilt't W,IlI ttl€: WMld j' (;oo~lll)~,d ~!JI the Ii;lJ:lilii I W1i11'1 in ~ilre: d1~:l!1 eed li:'l~r.:l::;r:·),C'~s 'L1:!lin~ S:i!C'iJllli ;mdh~n

f.'9iI' p'~Qij.I1'C:~;:;: ~d1 @:;:; ~ grLlH~r boor thl1!,t ~ro!1' made (If 'Q[W b'l'~~ gnli1;ir!'o';:'~()d; yPtl J1l:~ he1:lbte ~, use ~~I':it 'rv,;'itll '~8~: :it "'mllll~I1i!i;l1i!:nt of mol$tn;r:!"1l! (Pi~:re 2;·UI).E :SaIPili!! ~d~~ I]f 'Wlt:lO Q!!< , 5y.;:h !!Iii! r;l5;n :and ~Mbiite atllot, b~liid mOire ,~~~jl~ tl1i<l;1:! athE1JS, Ollhll'i" :S:Pl.lei('l.1 uf \1'~r;liJ m ~~ (;1,[!t bill" i1ihl~ tOI b~ H\!ll~llitl, b>li(mil :i'!Jt :run :;!in!.! wili hl~(1 I!J< b(· art ~iIlll:;;r; II hi r:ii lilytit:i ,am.i th~n t;lim~n:[Lt(:~J tOgt.>il:h"::lT .1;111 ,[jJ ,~a'i'lim.

Wood-Bending :Prope'rties

H~[IINIj;

~~ooo Si'EI;lE:ii Pfi:OPEfiTIES WI,II,IEIIIS

C~I

1lhI~ lei fmm 'tis ~ml!DI~'

,~

I Smdl

,E:.mld

I~

'Pmr

Goodl

rl.w.f ~~ ~11 M GW~' 1[Dl'k!" tut IleJW:welll_

-----------------------------------------

HENDIHli

wooo ':;PWES P~(lPlJmES C{kIJJH:IITS

~'

IGlIld

1i"!M.r

fOOl'

~'

~!1t ~~, ndl!!!:,rrood ilrW:tg ~M!!lam

'Me: 'llI~lnlJ!l~ ~ '!fi~! tlbl~ :lite IDr !l'!~ ;i!~~1]'1 teJ)jill:[J ,ul ~!1:-d':rll;!d ¥.rooo ~~tJ1IJo:lil'!iJil,U:~ I"' ~~'Jcm} ~1fuJl: a!lIJr ,atMM ~DI ,nmI~ ., Ih $'Ilj~in 1m;. T]J1,l ~B~$,3!i:

'. ~EnkeOJ!fI~mS1! ,~d1J3il1 :!t~mlmjl 'ilmi 'C~1'i Ile ~t to ai I~~~ ~I mi~]murn r!rliJ,~ ill I ~i (1lj'I!fIl}.

;, Gil~-{~jjJ 100: r~IWbtr ~eM: to ~I ~~iU~ ~,~I" ~m) ~ '1~" ,~3el;!ijn,

'. ~iri~l:" Y~!DJ ~e Iben~ ~!!I,~ rMi!l5: 01151i ,~ali.!D)b!12~," {Gl~~. by~ ~"r;l!

C1IfiIl &Iiltill tliilm [JJ ~,\!tii~ lie-rejjs Ih~t m!lid ca1!le~ 'ifi~ plire CD ~piil Dr mu (r001 mij' 'l'lllnl 'ITJllCOn:l:D belt iamir"'~iDnsJ

'~ ~:ij'Noltot re!«IlltEi!idEl! 'foI' mn~ rett!iBtl. bill: a}:t he mrie: i'n_t4llWlwdl shlP~S it.slng ~rd bm.li1a~iM;'

It~ Qfl1!e i!'!Qi)ii$ ~ Ih~ ~ibl~ ~~i) tEl m~~e' ii'l1'D ~h:r 1'34i: u:!li~ '~ ~~chn~~e 01 b!:nt ian::lMUOrt

:~l9flilre ::iM.'ii' .• ,Spliltlilllg your O'tm ~Dd hi r bMi1!i!'lg ~. 'Ili(! b~t ~tJ!l 10 :g,'Il!t O! !p[oI}~e willi 'Ih~ :!;l ru~ f~11IijorNlr...g ,thil- :j;ljIr~;jee ,th!'oi.igl'iout, Thit:. l:i, O::'Bgil:-1J ramgc ror hlJw-ltIlalking.

,Figura ,2'21. Th~ wide' 9 R1In im 'lMli plece of hi;;:l«1ry (:EiooYo!I~ 'l'i'iil rnakl!i il oasii!lJ 10 b~ 'lJhillll 1ihis ligh1''WSi!1i!!dI piece ~llI;iulll!!rflul

F!EI!I!!~~·~', IBe:eilJ.!!!Ie tnli'JI "gill_11Y !~e~ ~ ~,!K1'I11 grafn prul>e!f1" Jl: ~. nCl~' "'eM w,e.,1

. IFlgll;!:ile 2,·;ll.!J' Wood'i'.!ii;1'i 13mi!) ~eb'!ii'l'el~ pil1:;!I1~ '~O th ... 'I!;'Y n~lll< of lll1", fh.oru'tl is; ib!!lHI!lF for oomcling th:a:n thE!: 'l\Iiilfl1lu1:; wti1icl"J has S~.!I!if! P'JilI~i,I!:.

Ciwahll

Wih~n t~lk!niill ~h~!Jit; wood 'CI;I(i bmdil~g., we I!Yl'Y5'~ c:~midll'i' !~fi!il~.~VI}()di UJ! b'!l' be!1~; II'1Il;l,lS"i: ~mVlil t'h(l! ~r<lin >1£ I~,a.lld to ~hil;'" ~r;~ as '1::(l~il:J.]~ \'l'lthllJ"d rijJf! hlll'!l; 'iJ""~ ~!) tllil:" ~~i!',~iIIC¢. If til!!! g.t;i1Jf.!, ~tiU~"_ to ~ljt across d,t:, i:lilll.;i::IIL!::SS or!1ic ."~('Ii!t,, Ii \'1:111 tll.,d 10 miut wher~ tll:e: gr,alit:lI enid,s. or nms out on ~il:e: "'lJJts"ltdt': IlllfHw iCllI:,ve, (s:i!'~ li1l;plrC' ,!},·il.:il, en [ll)ge 97).

The M'~JIIlJl'r:r:::c: ,or wood~or bend iifi;E: 'Woutdi he cut ,~rum lihe-I!!!'g by ~,pUiittir.ig hoff jiLlst Ui ~~ ,~ pie(!' ~[ (-i r~'W'~(1;d (iilsu ee 2· W'9). U'!.ta:t, Wt!i}r- 'i. hie ~~!'!in WO'!:r;ld foikiw th~ 5U.d~ of the w\!:Iod ttim:mgho:ut; WQ(l,d OIJ)t lIi!::;;il"g t~i~ III il:'thlXi i'l haltt"l, to ri~ld l!nle!t,~ rou; cy~ ill 'YO!;llr:':5ielf; ~f) ymt tty '~[} flili~ wOll~d 'I'l'1!h d~'i!" !(lil~ir.t. :~r:rIl~~]!Fi :ll!li: JPI:rdld til;! '~hl;l ,~I!.!r,~~i;:f,!" a~ IP;(! ~Ihl~'.

\1I;I'QOO, '~\fii til annual ~~lI1g~ !hat :;JJrlil .p~rol~'icl "'" p~rll!:~ldh::VI~'llr to t nlil :!!lio1r[ilce teads 10 ber.ldI fl~Q:re ~~o;;ce-;:;~rl]J,ny th~T1!~J/JCI,~;d with ri.n,~!Il tl1!;lt WlI"f !rI i'heir '~r~el1t:!i!lti"nli W th~ ~\ld~ fW'I'n '()\n~ 'end (!If i;h;~ be ,,-~d!9 the o!l-!~r {fl~.~ ~·:~O),. \VQod iWHh 0If111i!J.~ i.ri!i1J~ fh.:tt ;;Ire f~rtt;.'?f :!Ipj(jj~~ will bll?ncd !!1"O~ i!'[!til~ ttt;tfIJ ''IJ,I£ll[]ci 'lifiitl1. a d®~'13 ~~il!r1l'! of ,;Iitlr!Y;l~ l-jlll~~ (lFiiSOire·:J;,,:21)_

n"t)i~i.,[;iilii -w~~I~ls ,~Iil>[:fill:i~y w11~ i'!()[ Ilwlilid wd~, M(iirti(!w~. tt,['!'pJ{<lJi wt!o&i 'wH'hr:tiiJI ~l. strung; IPilIi!tillir.n gJ :illfltltiai ;~in,~. :i'uch !.'IS; :mj)I~!ilIgfilIlY, UiJ- :jjilit ~!l~d \~t;!11 i!J~; ;!i:l, fl!iii!JIN'~';2:n. ',l'h~y tlond to jU!f!t (bid i1!!1!d il::rlJimpl~ undli,!r pr~~~Ili.

E~ll 'Il'!!!;!'!b if~~ 1;I~~J~I'!~\¥IlI-i;1 d.s ~~hn!.ll1c!l be f'r~o!t tl'o~~~ e r:ll~~:S. ~JI] i;J,i:s! cll~I;~~!i. ;(!i[Id {1'tb;g.rdlE:f~'i;bi, p,$Jr~:~c~~~rir nli the' rll;jjt~id!? ~)J the Ii.:I[IIP~ (fi~re 2·:2~}, D(iJft:'c~~ C;~Ellte tile ~O~.8fwHai frJI" Ill!?

;11~OJ, tebreak O.l~ :spilt tC(j:l'in~ heifidii1~,l'[)r the iSiIIliic jX".ilIS(f!I1i. rtlgtlii'tlll woods U'r '~~!(] J}jj',s, wli:ha,rli Il1ih].r.:jD!t~jl1g gr.tilli ~ltcr.1:t are (jM:fj~!III~: to!D-eifli1. &'! c;l1&ue i1iU m !l1li)1' pl~cc .' fi!J'~ 'the' :!1lr~11I'i to riI:p. tetlm. <Oil' fi'.'!ii ~f,lgul'e 2.--'2;~U. rlh~$e prlifiic:ipt~s 1Ii[PP~Y Ii!]; ;aJI!rni;lI5~ >eVil!!')' 'rn;i;j!' or blilln{l'un:~ IPrQces~ indtl.d.i:niI 1:t-e:lt1In[!tJ ~~e~m he'J!.-dl~ns:., ,'l!1..d h~1 ~~ mll!Jj~u:liJ,m:"

l'Jl«al~!'j Jlj tlrii, (tbe.!'5, QIl, t~iil im:i}:;Ilil gf C~le 'b~l:1!di :[ljrt!: '~Jirm,pf~~!!d l'!)'J:!ldh('f oill'l,I dn~ tJiI,."iIl.'rJ~rtt!;, ~~t!:.." ~~ I,lt::.~i'i ¥ult1i[!f,ab]~ ll(); :ii~I~t~jl]~, I r i:l,Ii:~r.:fi1iar)l,

:foii'i'l;i):U d~Li.,c't;!i hi th(~ "'IIIf.CI'!J [II (;ai~ ;rom!l:~.l:i'f~!!:s. be .ll:I<itC!~d! 0:111 the Imide of I;ne rune MIJ:liiJ.l]t ~jn~ :lli [J £IQhlecm The: '[rillo~j; rOmill£JillI ;r;1i~ltI:r.e on the

i nslde of ai'imt p~ece OJ w(I!Dd is :r:Q:j'(ii U1.g [1t1g'l1iR:' lc·'2:5,~; This can cecur ''!!.fi.'!oe'n 't he 5 pecJ.J:S· eo' wood ehosen :I:;; tl!}!!,'! 5llfl til 'bend, ,o,~· ''l'Ph.'E:n the~{i;J:id is {i¥eroe:ated or ille' il:'!:;;i~e u r!i.liUIPPolrt!lo£'l \WiJ ri ds '~J;(1,liJ!only W~ ~",r~ to b~J:1d ;fjJi;'~~WI"cl [!J. ll;s.hl r.ad:iu.l:i I'n;eh!dls It;;~!ilrry, mahog."II1Y" ii!itJ·ri: Si:J,me tjli~~ ·Ii£' '~1fo'I1:J:!,l,lt i!lj;W~n i!I:!i~h:~t'ri;!piJCnI~~'ll;[}:~:i;s ~i(!'!lltiol~!INl ,t>',ilJrilier. (Camllll.it i;h~"\Vfoiud·:B!l\n,d ~t.Ii,~ 1P1r!'l ~:Hl:r~i~( t;]hk~' i[)f~ "<lg:'il! 24 tfor a IisUng p!)f whbth o!l~lOC~(,Si of'i.if(!();tl CiliO he [b,eni 'iirliOst Sli,.l~ ::;tlllj:~.) ,tf VOII 1l1'USt Jm~ a d\g.f~!!:~ em the O'!.l!t!~~die a.f ~btml,;i'!! ,~m p~~~\(j111J $~'I~!;lp can help hold d~Wfl th~ defect tQ~C'!Imd:~e;

M~nS~L!ue ~onrel'it

b ~hl\! !,i.'c)I;i,rI. ~~rm" ~ i.r-·dri ltd, o,~ Io\ih~·- d [~~il~ Gltol!'~~ft MJ\l!rJ h M~~n di rr~(;Y~~ In find~yp.I~~(j; '~D Ii!. ,~alfi; h:!iifw""':§;[ n,~[1n..lr"df. :i!nd 'J~~d:l1 t.o ,o,i!l!i;(I!i!; .,.~:

~i: drlt."!l. GI:Ie.:rn, \l;\f! ad! ~]:5U lia:s iill~,c:1Th m.u r~ ·fjf a t:eaiclle.IiJ~~' ~(i ~liIrjill:g. b~,c:k [;f) IiS;D·~igifl~] !:itl~i;'''' tt~~m W(lud rlf~iU l~1lil bee'i'l dirJ.fld n~~ ;i1ifHI i.ilIei~, m'I~J!)inea~lr1'd •

. ~.fi. '~!f'!)'!) cl, :i;.'! ail" drJ~iii o:r. M~n d r~ed. [in;go

~1:g1jj:n d.L'~~:J; out [lind hard ens, G:i1iij~i'l~g Ih~ WQod

toO ~(:!5!:l1 ~-t5 !;t1:B;s~i:,;:il~'. l'hi~ !Il'irf~ is W~1f some of' the 1b~l:)ding teoc'h 1:1!~1;1'\1l;!~ il~'fO'I~ ;'Ii.P'~!!}.11Ini!i WlIIi"l.i', .5oakiI1m: 'W{iQd iln W.;llle!;,. er '1IJI~~llR ~t!l~nlJ'-~(;i add urwigj:I/llI''C l!:.'· drh:'tl w(m,,;l. R!l~m~'1Inhl.':~·~ f.u~t !ll!.('r. ~ 11Ll' 11I1W1~lii C(i~i~:Ii ;~.iitd. dul~$. !~ a~i IIiJ Il;jl['(l(ili'~' Il!d;piblg to bll;riIi[i~"JI:t'i ~Im sh ill.Pi!. o·~ !.hlll: (li.n~I:!!.

,A,~r··dr~i'>d. '\'!I'Ood 'I!I'Ii'il 'he!i'l~j ~~]o[;llre ,e,as,1.I~1 U~iiH ~Iln.,(lrled 'W'Ood 1l~C'.1.lIJ£e the 1;;~1~'Ldryki'g precess tends 'IiD brellikdo"~I'l the lignm. (~e~· the "'WOillllj. I:l~Lldin&;rropert'iE'.s" table !O'.Jl p<1!;ge' J:·i'l.)''rhe' mi)i~l.ilire !I:'QJ1ten~~f ki b1!-idr~e-d 1I!ffiQd 1;1' WUt.l,Uy b:r,cHL;8tit dCl''I\In~ii"i< ~Ib>l;llLlt ,6'% tll'!iI,*,. 'The- mf.i1£t!11l".e ~r.lte:n.t o[ :d:r'-,rll.~ililj W()~I(j mii1.1f b~ !!iWgMl~ h~~h.l!t, I3fJ~1l tfpt':S 'Df '\\fOiJJI ~a'n!- ~lltJ!.l~11i m!l.li:o.\Llif':-I! p!'1!G~!1It: :i!ll thli:!' ligr,l,ir:! r\JJ1!' th~' h!?f!d.i·!i11l; t!Hhi!"! w·i:!'od:s IITIt'ft m!:di~.u:n to l'Ir'S~ radii" F'or lhl.!:;I.:".'I1'r W[}IJ d:s:, ~"",r.e:a.~iI~s: i:Urlmmts or ·il'l.oL~!;um i!Jnd hll'<lJ~ need to! be :added t'(), :l;orten the n~,nln ilIflJ help, ~i:!.I!m it tel, a m.pir'~ r!",t\1r!!!l, !!)'l;'l!!ll:b: :!it~~.

F.I:l!!!4IJO! ~~~U3, ~'¢¢d

Cill!1 00 an rn!I:(!I;~~i"(!I

a:mi Gf~di\tO ·milli!i~isJ!~ar ·b'.,;ii1~ins, ~Eh ~Jmrs .and bej"J~ .pbl III e.l5.. TIle lOp pleee, ~" ~ l'Omm) tbl!lm:liin:g ~d" I.~ ~ di.He~errtI: laoper :s:'in.J..:iIlFe· iha!'llhe otl'Pe r"ll~ I\E t:: jJ&i ill:!;,

~1iIi :ad,~~it,i[]111J ~Q wood,. I;jt~me Olnil!f ;matl!!:rI·~.ll5 Can ,,",'Ork weU r~:r )1iJ'!'!,r p'~·~Jt;'~f." Ii;"SplioIiI:·.i.wlly 1f yOiIJJ

.m: kmkl nfl, fo:r 8l}m~dillllS e:·OO~·Cli1oct~ v e and r'il:s:[sDalli: 1m 1'n'l)!,IIil'm!llIil~:, C'omlliooit·'il! ,i'ti'l:;)jl,~riills'i' such ~P~fwood and lnedliJfn.~loL:ilislt): ribc;r.bo<lird (M[l:n !;h~t 1!Jr~ :~~. {lmm·ll;hi!l:k wiJi h.g!l1)d :l!r·'OI,mJ. a [11 ~di!.!m ~Illi ~~rg;eF;L>~i:!.1·~ in m,o~t C<!!~~~. Th~ HHlt"1'd~!~ !i~t~J ti,'r:~1l: are ~£jml;: o:l'~l'!iemmt

t;;(}~nn·[jn :trtP,;;~<

Plpvlligd 'W~th !\i,,!,, 1Ii'i~b;~mtt ~YJf~~~ 'l-'t"'~~~\~W, [ll~i[!d :W (3mml tl1kk .and! Jm;t·rll:~ oil' :P":p~:)I!," ~Figu:ru 2,2l!5) er lau filn 'w~i h no Ii'liIi"fillt:~· "fCllill'il!r !t3l:rn. be :i1fIILtch dl(:aplf,i:' ti~a:li, 'W1n~G:r.·faocd p!Y"tO(~.d and (11111. ibt: iLts!td ftr-t th..;!: t::1J:f.\'l: U{::ilJ :p:il;lfLd ilInJ 1.1Th~1i t;'i!~IQ(!~ ~h~ i:lyt~r 1~·f!!Fr~!,!·i'th ~r;t!illl!r. i"he pl~ .. l;;rCl,l'.",pl:f'W{t()d (\I,~it!h ·w.[1'!1ll;!r ~lPlPli(ld. ~~ OI1;il! ~~~) C:liJ,) lii~OO be lIl;!l~d ~or d~e i)u~~r f>i,l;!'UO(!! to crw.Jt~, b~3!!.1t.i.€lI.ll liIlIlHorrn !;{1'r1.redi 'p3iIll!l!!f< •. YIi)Ili ~S!l'l, r~od I ~ t::!m:£l1l} p.l.Y'!I'iQiDd ""t 1f.!1;W~l'jlll;(l~I:!I:!!f~d:~ ll!:ld li!am;e i!1"!PIrO'Il'i!'I.R!ent :~~Q'r;e.~:,

f:i'9Liili)j 2,m', MG!dfJJli11."!!III!1I:i~ity IllJerI501ii'd, w1l Ee

9(JG-iS ,il/l ni[micl'dli81 IMJlJd whrzn l!S~d \lJ!i~ Meneel', eftn, fl'!iJke lar~ rorm~ he:Llf;.

MD.!?; .MDiF is, also :Li!'!Iaiii1lbie ill "," {3mm} thickness, b'IJ.t I~, sometimes 11!;'tn;! ~"i' find. It ~~ ~151lJJ~ny ,!)''!'aji:1!ble ,~t l}I,:wwlJi~ddl~SI;~ibillli;ll!n;, tir lu:mberW!lird:;; th~i: C!!Iij:e'f t<i' cabinet ~11ii;iJ,[l~. MlD'f

'8 teillid mg ,IYWOQd;, 1hidkell' pirwood i n.~ended OO!1i bm~li'll[!J i':i.k~n\1in~ as :~r~rJ)~f bCJ$'Ir~1 'IJ!r 'I~Lldjri,g p]~wlil!1.ld. T!!!l.'ii !1i1i!'MIl![j<l] ,ii i.!lSl!!~jl~ :Ill~d'i! of 1~!J.~g] ,(lJn'(11 ,,"'n~~t~ clf (l,'!,ID ~Mfk atll~r ~~ W'Lth lhk ~r:'dlfl ~'r.'<lVC:lilhi!); in ,mu: .::Hr.'L'ctltlii i!JflJ one tMili

Ij~II't~r l:a(i'tl'. whh [h~ ~~it ':l'i!J't.'"e1.ii1ij. .lin H"iif: Ool)jl(i!sd~,t ,rlliX'l5tkm fFil~tlfC :2,.28), 1~'f1:jjdlDi,~ pI:W'W{l;fi<tJ,~)ef~d8 'Lffi,"!i~y ;]~OOOO lbe~ln of Il'l:~ ill!UI~r :ii[j~rero, ]ft

b-e;I~,dS iMliS~~ ~n PEii'it b eeause lau!L1iII :i;w;s a~ Q:p,gon groin :s~ rill c1!I1J.1:e, '!!i/hJ.~I,~ :aUO'!iiI':li '~~!Ood :~ibert;: GIli the {lut5idft o r thlit rndyw;, t'ili 5§lil'Srm;1;;! 3J1Icl] 'W(!Iod r~berti. (,in the ihl:r;;i,d~ f.if~ n'll' !L'~:d!!iI:I, tiJ. tIt~~liy il:mnpnl~ .' ~ QP'~iL gr:ti lit :;;tm!:ltl~N r.orhll'll:d'~~, .lil'!f~YlJod jll;1"N';;:

it ill ,rtI\l~'~ :\;1,l:rr::t.;;:~. hl.l\\,\ilw::r, 1m I i. u.~Yillny nL:'l.:',di&

,;jJ !I,ir¢~·hati!d ~a,ylj)f li)r c'l'lz:~!1:!::f ij.,.d~r t!l:te i>1;1 F.f9~iil W!'LC1!'~ ~o i?r'Li:\fCu~ ;li!"~'{:"g.~dariHL':E; !it'll H'iC' "Uifiic;,'!i: fj;lQ'iTjI te~;1]plni~g H"mlll:I:i:1:h the [::Ire veneer,

SoM <is .;1:-' .bY"'i3' U 2(k1M.by":2.ro~rm.~ slij;r.:ets •. b(,l:'ldill'l,fl p\1f~\!'(IOO can btlher.l~ acrossthe 11'.'1 dth

f_jf. a IP~lmeL Sold as i!f"by--!$' (l~OtT1l'-b'y-] 2{3cmb ;:;;I,l~el~ {~me't"i"me5l -r.efern!:'d to as b I!!me'h;~.lberll:iin~ .pll!i~~i)di 1!:'[!rJibe bent ~toU!!g dl!ie ~e~gtihJ -Df ,!Ii 'p!l!li1el;

hit~ iii mli!di. :STn~~tiHli!'r ~.rr\!i;:;(!: f\[],t" gluing. thil:n It :i,1~('! 'i;rI~~ ;i n tj;"t9riiriy elf t~i"'~IiIo~:I1Si;!!:;;, 'fhiJck

l~yt',l\ll nd, !II'ID.i!f:iil, 1liI,l!'iliml~, p<lll1d5, ',hillt <IN milc1i1l- :!iihl;!~fi. <I[1ll '1;\il:i;!2llh<lIii!', Jb'irb~~iMinJg ~l:1j1' :ii,p;lln~l,

~\~~h M DF ~!l d~~j,,>ly if:\'2iilmMII!" ~h!i! look rullcl ijltrk'kly., l\i!!I':!!rlI:llij i;i~yw(md i~: !,1]!;I;I;'!lly 1[1[1&>.' ~~~I'nbl~

Ir:~!:.~ '(!o:[ :solid wood Utl~l! re 2,:l::n, 1H'~"'Wl'll:r. ,1),,~J;)'r ,ilt pi'l'w'Ooa s ~~[Jpi,I,r:r;s, .ul,d ,h.lnn,iHlryj)~~ th:[lt (j)~r

~~I no~ bend as i:~SiMly <'I!; pl:t'wood <lfid i:!i iI'I1JJ;lirh to !::aibin;c.t 'Shull:'>,

:h,C'livi~r' nt,m I'j~iQd. IFOIr,P<l:i1~ds, wi~h a mildl:ltJ:l1m to.; I;!!~ :r.i!;d:blJ~; ~. ,p.f)~rll!ll~~ ~~" (;1m mJM 01:' rQr the oY~~,idt" :i.1J.Ye'I,';\: ;!!fld !lilJlml!: other' !igUlt~r ll]:!!t!.1'ri!!J~ ~Q OOMtI:U!::~ th~ uiside I~!ll~.

M~rin~ :p·!fW~Qd, \lO'hi!iI!fl~To{}'r b~f1t p1ind!i

Ci.!i1! hIT! ;;;~t[!d ~:5.irtS r~{,.!!' {3.r;nmJ m,1Iodm! p!~'"!fo[iod 1':I:!min:.fred t:ogi;'HIiE'.f with m:;:iiI:,i:1i!1'! '~p.:l!~, W,hi~ili ~," (::knfili) m:;Lt~i'h'dl ,[i'I:!'IJ'~bti1iJ (:ilSUW, it Ui·:!,:,s, '!l!.IIl~;;:;

i1. f>!J''III1 ~;l~!ir::;; to build IIipili thick p<llil"'o{i. M;SlrJ'i'LI[ ~'f~!/It! [I,d :I:~ ,a"'I'illlt:llbll1: ~i:'1J m pl)i!.IiooJdfuh::t.f.! ilnd IIJ.I,m~~1j'.;!r-iJ~ ~~;u C:!Ir!.'l:I' l~' thill' hOinhlj,!'~I",ti nm:!lind c::1Jh~!l'~~ u~d,(,".'l,

FigI/,!""" .~'~",I3~~iI)QI P~.r~(;>I=, «--m~::, lin til Y;:l.r!lf:~ of ']j;ldqjit~il ru'id t~ :llpec.tall~ iii"It.dc; IN b¢fi'l!iing., which Ina,'ke:!;i " :!;II~~ l'or I~dfl!i! rQIf!'L$ ~f(J.r lI,J~~1'!;! :8!j. :;IJ ears Jr;ir. '!Iel'l~'I;!~ bent ~i!!\Is.,

~esl!]AiI;1'1![lire~l!!~jted, honef't:omibtel!'l sIl!iE>els, Al1];o't her ,ehC!!lce' for b,end~bLE' :;-Ilt'b:!ltr-rlite' !ShE e1$ ~~ rl"Sln-lmrp~i11!!2d, hOfl~ftmnb~1. :5;hil'~:;;, 'Hile i;Oru ~~Hhi~ im,ilI~i:~riel i';.inns!i~I.s"!'I.f iii liiI~tw~itil:: of fi!:s,~!l-I[iilp;r~i!1!~~!!;!d f!flp~r th~!t if> !'Ir~II1!El~d

~n a hOfl!l}!(')(Jcrlfl:ih.!ld PeJti!Jflll ('E=:lgru,1'(: :1~::!:iIj;~, ~'t

~~ 'i'lWlI~:alJhl' !;:Q'Iro'!\~N;lI '~"I,l_h 'I;\!l'rL~ill1' In fi:jIJ!;~h~"'i~ '~I:I' i,t Cltlfll '1M.": !l bhlin.!:d 'LIill·lrhlTl;~d f'Or bi!:litdl,ng, ;i!Illpiiicj!l~ kl'l,l!!l. (Se-e d~e"l~~q;!ii!'"C~~ ;Q1f!J :p::J;,Il:~ 1"9 ~'Qr m(l:foe- ~Ilronll:aliolf'b) lih!!i: mil!l!'~r~~i i,I; ~r tightrv;·~~g;ht J~t e;l;if~1:1!el)l :~twm!~;

M!;l!!"!,~tF!!!~W!io~k~~~!!iI!t l!!iJi!,I;~t ~(!I<d.~. On;;;! typl!! ~~: !!:'.1!.!il~.!(:il!rf~,re. It"§; :nr!,~d![! of ,~~r:i:Ijl'~ ,o:F MDF ~ilJid ,sidCl br ~iide wjii:b :;I, gatp in Ihe-t'lt'1!il!'1.1 ,~tlIc:h ~tlr:jp, '1'1~1Il' M DF ,strip:!; iilir~ C>Wi'~f~J wi~:h lhbr;:k: p;;i~r 0'1:1 b!)th tl:d ""Ii- to .c.~~ilIt~ <11 r~e,i:dp,flItiI~i {.F.\lgU:fe 2, ... lO}. \lQ'h1i:TIJ tli!iii' :tTi,iliI!CYF.I.<l1 [s rt'ii:d'~ fOtr g_g~'!l'j onC' sJ,t1'!1o ~;i; 'w:t.'I~~:ly ;;;ow,flf1'd 'W~~ I,l 'l,?t;!I'l!ler f'imt. tb~.(ii. d"Il!' ,1?:1!p~lr (E11! th,\Il! f1thl!l'f ~ldll: '~~ ~lIt lt~;ifi:g, iI ~p'!l',ci;}1 ~Cj;~!@I~. l'!i'hjch :I~I~'W,~ Eh~ ,p;;m~~~{j; ii!~Jli~r b~nd. I<~rr-~!I' M!).E=' ii'i ;al!!lo WJj~:<ibl~ io variolus, !:hiclq.l.~sii'l?~ ..

~OUfa ::iIi·129 ..

Th_~ :;;tr.efigrlh and

li9M 'l'A1~1;~ ,~~ rEI:sin'inlll!'eSriEiJied noo",oombed sheais rr'l,,~It!t;li1'I ~!~:lJl r,~r iUiim:1 ,b !;I il:ding , ~i!C can 00 \l'8flMred II! ml!J'k<!i fll.i~l'tlre jJ~r~~

FI[Ui..ii'le ~-lil, ~[Wre -!!I~e~' u~lI1iilt' ~qyile :iii ,"PliF\pla~ iQwr .k1. bE!fI,d i'I; II' i~ is, ~aJ;ll;;d f.TI1tlll 'fifli:ilJ;e,jj '!'eFl~ ill fue :rih~p. II can ~ ei'll.1I~ ~~tiil]led at NJe ,~b ~11.e-.

Figur,D ;t.,a,1., ,l...igM,.coiared rmminalions w,ll Gfrotn iShoIlWilrl!!l ~ Ij~9 ~'eeru 'ih.e !~'l)i$, CQfi$l(1~r thiij: :.'!!;j':!ii!et (il' ~hc, 'pi!llC:~ .l:!~ y4).~ @ill;!! p!i:!nni!'iSii ygYF pre:~,

Rna'IILQoJ:.t,

CI)U'I~,d~[' the vi.!lu:lll :as,[l!ed:=;; C1[ ]fri1Uf :pmjeli:l :1Jjnd, speC:ifi!CtlU:r; 'wh!!i~; the ~dge {}'r '~:h~ i!:'!iLnl"e i!1;, giiJ:iln~

to ,1,0'iJ k ~i~. H ~1'@'1:! are !I:~nl:itinJic:I:i~s :;:I, l1!mln::ll!eld wt"ltc!: I;tshas 3IiiShl-~doi"~I, w'j)ml. t~lI~t'l<l m:ly ib!l!' ShDI!' m.1i1I8~, l'.i:o;iDiE!IJlh ~hl!" ~dg~ I!f the' pi~~ hett\!<'!2ri!'nI ~'LI;h JBi~l;'t {Pi3'lU'~' l-~ ~}. I f~lU, '::'Itoi!' 1!-1sipg ill ~liI;Fk~ i."f.I10 I;'ll(i wood <tflG Y'~1!I l(.'1I;lt itt;;:, tam 1:l'liilL'lo'11'" from, Ihe s.~:Ii'I'II!ll' ho~rd ;J~~d, ih!ll;[1: SiU!i: 't'l1:i11li l\i:'Ict to,~ihc,r I n sequentlal Qrder" r((ltl In <II)! ~,H" '~Jlc ito. hidit!, t'ilL:' !li~!J)e li!11e~, :!l~ij.~,~~d~er (1I'tSt!!I~' '2.3:2~"

Si~r,'eng!1h ,a. :S,p;r1ing'badt

Sl;r'~r>igth is ;(I,m,!I)'~ l1;;;r :;;o~!>5,d~r[dt:i.CJn. A I~p;jij:n:r!;(tod rnr1;fe 1!;',1I!i1! 'bol;! ~1!JJl;h !!'trc:r:!ll~!'" ~h~~ ~bi!? ~'fI1.11! i5trt~,p~ ClL'i.ii: f~m onC ri(:ct ;;!!f :llO:ll,t~ :!-<ttl,t:;~~ b€le~i.i81ll ~1:ier(:

I" se 'mud, ,stU;!: '~lIr.,r:;.'l.;::~lfl,tlbM~~aiI iiII~1 or tilt!!'! t~)'!.:f.:!i (:r1;g:11Ul'~-3:~U. TI1r1: gJILiAi (l.,1uki rfJJl:~ lmwtlN.."'T. l r th>!3 fj,nisJi-ed ,fl!eO!i: ~~ to 1~ ·~ed i1t.Ii!;~jfd(!'" S.l:llrirl!:!b'ile_k is fliTU!::h :D~~, w:ith a 1~ll'b'i n;ltq.di ,pb~o!i! ~f w~t'l.d ,~ii!I;j:i,d !il.l1th ;ill'!. ;1!dho!l'8i\~ th~t d~i~t"l 'IiIery h[!lr.d 't1h~!JI! kl ir.:

V!~~h a !itll!"':rm-h~nt. t:I;lfW,

l!"i,gtmI' ~"M. Li3J'k·~eril, tlamin,EMi-a:!~ Gui 'lImn tf]:l~ ;1iI~ ibo;JIt"d ~iii!1 OIi!(m;d ,$(l(!ji.!Cf!~!tJJIy t:::'lfl n~w/It hi{~ :gIld;:: ~li1o::i:;.

ll"igure ~~.i3i!. A lamiTl1am.;j: 1l:i!J~ cm1 00 rnwci'! S1ro~BI 'lhill1J ~l~ same '!;I"';fi~ oWl rlQi't'! .i:llIle' ~. of~ ~olidl !!l",ek,

Labor C.t;

Tlijln,k i1i)OlJt thll: labor II1;vi:!<i'!;\il:di. I~ 'i'litilr !b~l' !]!Ji!)t'll'r flln a lly. constder lftiJiIJ ~ bu"digtl:. C'ultt11 i:i,~ 101m lniit1l'.!!

to CUi~ and, Siwe:aili of the [;tl'ii1,ini'lt~OI'llS: {:or OiH)' .m..! ~mou,lhl n,g 'c01(h :F;]ce before gt!.1~ng ,hetTI

be lilt 1~ie!:(;:~I,1i1l!1~!O censtruct ~ :'l!i~!lm i:lgX; :illlid i;;;!ck t(li~eth!l\riil~ :;]J ro,m 'LlHI;aJ~y !re:mh~ un !1!t ]~ilJ~t

I,.~ncl~!flg ~p~~~~; dt;:~'l~Wfllli.lil!f: :~tl p,f tJw 'i!~!i~,h]t!)'10 ~O~W!l!~t~. f~f wtid'llJ:' .1l'1f!~b;~ )'(lY m;ji~' be <lbl!,g' to'

o.umti~me~ gn Chlllpter ~ n ':ollll,d then m!;l~e tih!L" t.cudi" t~~~ -.J VleIi1!~eroo ~lIJIrf;);c:~' ~nr i:n~p~rI~we wf:1o(ld

H }'9'!;I; ,!l!r~ d(!!~nlil f]il)i!.Rlip1~'~. it !1iI [l~7 b~ q!,rl'!;'~\?;r ~[) {Pisg;re 2;·3AU, Fer Q.,trt~!~5 (!Ir! ~;h~ t~h"!1l1.\!il, ~eg

,~~~3I[ifl bl)"!ld! <I1'3!ch Fi~~- Chiilipt,gr ?, ,JjB'[!liiit .[i:!!!"!.rh::' a ~ p!i,~ J 3:.5_ <CHl:iJl!;]" P[9';;~~~ ,d~1i~i!"l.b-i1'dI ~11 t h~ bO.;JIl\::, ii!+'i;;t! ;i!~, ~~w !,Ifill;! @r ,ill 'i.~(1j:l1i't1ifii"(:i!1ii. 't i,'IiI:! ¥ilintlU~ W.fij~ It!. oor:Lti'~ f,,'oo.d, ~lftd ttJiil' U~!<l Or a IJilIcr.fii'L'i'.ili\l',", (''"''liil.~hi511 t!iiJ,"" EJ,O'flmjjth,'s !Dt !.'!;i(iloJ b(:IIlt1lrii~ iLlWtli '€ul:'tIiJt}r,; IclI,[}vllli$ tl1C1'wl~dV' Hf ~:ht;i~ t~,!::hifiiqlJ(:S: wHI. ~11i]W '~ICio1.!J t'!1J ti:~~smJ!;;t a ~r!tl:ty '(i;r ti:urr'rl;::f,:~m' m~nN !li!lLl;;]lion!Ji. Th" kl~~w~ed~~ '!I,iU :jIlf':o ,h;elp ¥'loU t'O come YIP' mrw WJI~t; ~!J; €iXI_;JJi[!S!i id!!!i.'l.~ :ilJQd ct;:!ml?~t;!m~l,lit 1J!,!'£!(id,'!s illlnem:Ii1't l:ilI~:L'IJ.'t.y;

FlTtIU.!il31 2/·3f.

!Jf;illlg f;'~nee:r g!u-ad '~i;i, ~ 0:;0((1, 01 In-»;pilifi~!'i!ll \!\IOoo. :&1!J..:h a:ii 'p~\,;IODd a-rr lI11J!!aium'oonlE!fly ~~q!?I!I;I', ~j,,! ~ ID: oo~h:::H~I;~ 'MI!f ro rnaka WfI.:l't:! .b!!!:Ii !!ling ~Jec~ 'fhl~· !;;';r!;

fll r.nihJ~ :part ~M .o'lli::f"y '1if::1IiE'!li' Oiil bcln l3tiJ~ !hef'l !fa;' !Jmrm bel'i41il'i£i pI~;Q{td ~an~~hj~gl

8r W' tl'()mm) ibertd!lillgl p)"Nood cere.

FlQIlI!Ii'8' ;3:·111.,

Bel!d~ 91'%1'1 '\'ii"1!Q::i tlll ~~b'Iil~t ,!~ ~!tuj\o !~, ~ c,,"Jfj! ,~pplic~Ht>n ~~I!! 1111 t1Soll' '~a&l H~ro I"m i~l'Idi!''i.£i lil1~ ;!Mm~ OJi ,I!i green ~~ e'hi~ir.

Fi'gur.a :3i...2.

1Mae.-;.- ~rn.itr:b, ~=.l ~ h

:l1~ lhi!'.l one, c.MI D:; ft!liabt"l amdl coo'5i~'I:en't ,;llm;~~ o'r ",",,,ad r.,.ben;;fir~,

Working with Green 'Wood

Glr-eIl~1 woo~ ls elthf:lrf.rii$'h'iy '~i'lw\n, er h:;Ji,~, lIot u!fl";;I,er,ll:m~;eo <lTtf fQrlif1ai ;d:~)'i!fl\!!l prlJ!ce.~~. Ii re~l}in~ olft,i!!ll!!!l;rg ;!!rlg the wC!pd'~, natural r'e:"imls; which ean make ~t easier to bl1'nd! th<!JJI w(ll:J;d \1 h<1t has been tl!:w-:r'DlI,g~lf dri@d!. !B ~flTJ,e cases, ~~~Mf !i~'i:I/"~ ,1l!fE'i3rl! wa,n.:U l;;:~f:i ~tI! bent ,",'!~h(1ll,;ft: ~1'I'f' PP@-tf~:i~~'!:!nt~ For. b~f!.o[liD!!H;l B;roE!ii!r! wood !i!!~f",p; ~!Jlm(! rcall ~lil,va~i~'$, Iril:i'iJ:~HtJl.S ease In bCii~ I'il:g ~t1,d :filuiJIi>tlc ar:pti~lir:anii:iIl".

FeII!!'iI,g iumber. Ctr~lng ~f1I '8, llifei 1r>ee to ~i 1~ 1umh2r=,

P,lfe"be n g~, p;re,ibenalfT119. To beoola sme.k fn 8! 'Ih'tk area: 01' lin, an ~~ '\!'Jrere 1.f:i~, TfidflJ:ll mil he small belore~rdil11l. II1e en.j~ sttk '!o'cretAe iT ~j~~~I~

RillIng w~ad. CiJ'ltiilg m' ~~mn1i1 '\!'toodi Jrmm 'tlile le"n:glh of a ~, Ip'n!:fl!:~tv :!i1atHllg] a:t. 0, raluli!ll!:r~.

S'r;!l!!C1l'!1eid woOdI~ Wood 'Iil~ ~ :bee.ilI ,BiIkdIIE:~' lo-a I'IOOi!;lure rnr\!,e<.nt, of less 'lbiJ.n 'j 2%~,

(hGos'irng 'the Wood:

'\'(i!lC)lU:S; :j;g:l~cil~S !(:(ijl~ !be' i.!~d ttl, m;::i!k:e ~hl;! el!!L[~d m!!!!!1!1h ~B, ()f PI"oj«t s, but ~)~1illi! ,M t~il! llWli.l, 'wrn~l(m ~p~cil't~ '~ndlJJ.d!l! ~kl~r+ bird;. hll'li:'!.:h, ~lh::I.:!Il rfi. anti wm.;llW. WlHlooW Inay h~l;ie 'Ut~ ~il'~~l {rl;iilli,i~lti'i or ~~~ bC::<:i1U,!ii:lt: ~, ht."iitds <.'m:sily, lli.ilI)l:l: lin, pl.acit, fi.Fiii:l tho:! ~a:rk u:5flJiilll ~~ dO!1'm'i!. e'flfm.'~ orf Wlil~i1I tJfle wi)'o.a. cl.I'II1'JL it C3cI:Ji ahfo be: ;lJi :r.eii[lbie' seuree or mi1it~I1~-1I rg(!o~d ;Stii'l.r:I,g, of wlll.o'l\'s 'I;!~ill' 21, !I::ooe:k

{il' ri'\l"~'r ~,ii y~~l,cl I'I'~W 'S~pllrng.s, YCair :lI!ft~r ~~I' (:E1i~me :1!H~h

,Otf."ii~~, 'bgih ~~~j:n.,g,'i, and hr~mch~ :;:I!re ,~\l~tible' ror bilnd~'r.1iJ1l, '~:fil_C.Yire' ~;~3h tlhill' ;s~pli~~'j; 'wzyrk b~ IJI:'C:il~~1l' I~h:lr.:r :af(!' lIX.~l:i1U\'tl)'" :>!:t:IllliSl~l :!Iir,dI.an,t !;~$y ttl ~lrepi1rc:" '1i:a'W~IiS: IFl!:w oI)ffSHm~t:s anc!! lu~. U;c f.I~1plln!g5 .. lilt!. :\;malllDril!~i(h:L':S to ,!::o:t!:s;t:ru.!);t th(l: mnl'ed Cml1lpO,ll!ll'I:tlfl ,(iif pmjec[s;, S_IjJ,G:I'iI as, iI~e ,e'hair ~niihils; chiilipij;er; aad 1lIS"FC: thldkell" 'br.;;ml.!~he:s g;~ illl'if...e i,fp the :s!J:,pp®11 struetnee.

If :rOol!l are 1;1Iki 1il;B: the troub le to cut ilve' br,iIllu:h;e;s .and ~;p~ jln;gs;, it ,mt,"!k~, S!E'Ll,liPE ~~ ~e ~~em right ;!!l,\""!y, l;l!!~i{iIO!: t~ h!!l\re a 'CIllt.lIllClt: tg dry fi~llt. Tln~ 'stk'kf> (;~ f] ~~M,i':iI~p~ ,in 'jlltl:~l~t: :<iJod ~~!jlIItE!1ll rblt a wM~iI!. b'l:!:t !:hl:!)' otll '1;[]!1t~'n'!iU~ to dry ;lind m~~dG'~Y .;;an Ihl? 'l! I?f,l;)bl,I;i!i1ll!

Making' a Green-'Wood Cbair

Th~ 'ch~j ~ pro~~~ shown I?ll the mJL;!:\t p~I,~~ 1:% ~ B,flol].d, I!!~J;!1iCi~~ ir! Ilil;'!ld~!!'1_'g, 'iN nh,'\!/' ;iir_m~ :£I, l~&~~m~n~ I;,IJ' ~h'~ g~~at Ilt'ndli~~ I?rtIP*"tti~ (!If this w~]I(ldi. fi ~Ii' in}' (:hallf'r I eut llitlilill will,,", i:lil;t1 O~~~'Q:r,ilial~ S;1iI.i'LI:ii~®!l I~jl ii:h!1' late :su}i1Jii:lI1:r' ;!jutl i,!l\l"d i:ihcmi ~Itgll[ aW:if .. '1h~'l1' wercilli:J.ulJt 'I u 1[2.5tJi1J'iJ} ~iI dl:arfle;it~

~I: 'I i.'l~ir' ti:i j,i;:k~!;.Jh~ :st:ruc:t!JUI i: ,11fI~111Ib~:r.s W;gr-~ C:U~ from .Ihnb Q(w.infll\In.UU~ Os,a,g~-{tri1l[l:l:l1:e m'l,d were slighlly mere thaln t' (2._.5.:m] fill dill m,ete::r {fiQIU";e J-1f.

t\h:j:<; type or f\lJni~ll_Yre iii rll!r!l!H~d ~1Jo i,1:r,; ~u~t~cstyle rlJl rr:!iHlIN. :so exj'lO~,il'J l!lIil~t'i" ~l;'r'eWlj:. an d ~Uti!r.' hardiA1<!ti:\i! art;;a~C!2~)ilalb~t: ,fur Mulug tiltc; Indlv:idll;J,ilil: il~i:G~c'Q1. Lri.~H,efi:id'oCt~, '!i:~n I:!!l.!' J~J!iiiI,-.d 1il!~'I1!j:fl, If!Oi!',~~~~:-an..]-N"tI()'!1I ~1I:dJrill~ 'cut by h.Lj;t[t, iii, dlrm. (Iii:' a ,mlTft me:rcDIlII~~ IlvaUaMe, 't!ellon ICliJiiJt:e:r" N;']lls OJ: l!eillHj;~r s.tr';']psail:;o 'WO'I:k \'\re]~ fOil" 1(lIlnif:l:.l~: lite rwilOO tl!)~;ah~r:,

\Vi~:h 1I'IJ5tjc fl1.miitUI?; there are olJtelil; no dJ:;!I,win~ or set pj4'!HS. The :;,h!!![l1e'5, :lind ;'ji~e!i, (]if the '~,\!'{iOO ;a1 h:.lnd ;[Il1l!d 'rne :r1!l,!i~er"5· "rye (ifi)E'II w~~1 be de!l!:rm i rlll,Iii,r; :fnt::t![](!'5 ",heft!. (;tl!',ilitU!lg; 8. d~:IEj;n.

A, filw btls;IJC~ ~r~ i,'"1:P.{)\~I;:illiit, ih{l'1'1'IDIi:I':, ~t'!dl ;a;\;

~lu;, ,h!ai&iht,'t\1~cllt.h, afld. d;gl?'!h ~f ttirii,'" :W<l~ ~'!i1id ~~ hroljgl:l:t Qr ti,1l- ar.rns:. (roil" snid(l'~~~!1lS:. ~~ii!' ·'Cr! mmon Ci~11" M'I}'<liruNrn!lms.;" [!'<Lg,e: 3-fL~

l'h:1: pmic-.ct dctill~lcd ~C'r.>!i: ls ;tL chi~'d;~ chiliif'", :5:0 it will be ;;l! h II ",m~il~r th:;]!11 an ;!df!;,d~;·.lii-~ d~~lu. TIT!;: ,ll~! wHI bog, ~hiQl.1~ [2;" i,:mcm.) I~l~ I ,I~· (;~BCH!l\l' 1i\!bdl!:, !!!~JI l~" (B:B~mj J~~p"

l'!ijjUi\Ei 3·<3. ~plijn~5 ~f'!d' br<Jllli:he~ c;1[! ~'!ii 5liJiMlbliil' ~:a:ji"~ilil~1 ~~

,El~!'~~~ '~ 7·'~~.;j3~m~ ~g" (~'~;;:r.n! ,01~· '~~Q'7,"rn)
Child's 'l !S"' G391;;;ni~ l:il" (~i:!;;:in~ 4O"'10i2~ni~
IDI'rlr:rflJ, S!'de -
l'!li" t4&:rN I a,H ~«!~I'f'I~ ~6'" ~'4Jll;f;lll~
mn~f'I~ ;i'Vf'fI I 24" t5';Cm) liS"' (4&:rnl 18" (46C:1~'1 36'" ~'9i'h:i'i'iI)
I
I&!i~¥ 25"t~(:I:'!"'i) ~~,. G6.6t::m) 17" (illl~f'i'il I 3: 1'" (7'~ m)
- - -
j(jt~hl:!n I 19'· ~4&:1fn), H!i'! DtlSl!: rn) 1;;Ii' ~4 91i: rri~ 34" (i!!l!j.(m!}
I '12" 13~rn) '~2" ~~ikmJ 2'" ~69(;r:n~
20" Ish::m) ~I!i,·~~m) 'A!li,;i (.ij'I;:m~ 4~"UO'7Il:ml
I ::il~"17'~m~ ;,]~,. e66c:ml '!I5H~':Uc:ml 40" t10'2c:ml lti !(::l()!clIT!)

1$;&> >'~,4a.c:1iJ1)

Figg!\j 3-4, n:r~ ~:ruc!!!~ ,j;l!1!!11l: ef lh~ dl'!iillr were 'lilt frQ!fI1 ilmb~ of ~IIQw' iWiId OS.-;;]Ii1iio'hga ]Wii'l: liI'!~r !iiITI iro(;n 1!2,!:i.;;;m)In diame/blilr;

llili ,riddmoil'il t~:impiPo.ftingl:he :9.~~~, Ih~:rirtilffl!l!~ lI"il:IF ~lfIi~ ,i1i~rr oo~1 H1ii!' ~t ,t!~h;b :[1iiI '~~tIJ~~,!,!, 'I!~~k!1!'~dlclI~lI'!'I~ ~!j:"~!iIS!t! i!/Q; t~ ~f~'i ~~r'I4)!l;!M~ l:J·f th~ ~~~ 'tay ~I! hi!1~ ~ p.~e~encll!~.e '~hk:k',end !Df l!!'lIctl. fTrierm.~t ~~'dlli1: ,ed,~ ~.a, ~n.;;:h ~ Ml'Iit~ ~r ht;Jflid;s;. O~hElwj'~e,~1ite pie~~ wm teUKlf to ,Iiend mere wbere!:hej'ci[e. tl1.Tnneram.Q

has-s wlli@re.ll1~.y i!I~' tliIJ~e,~t, [E~,ulhlmQ njlltilll!e-r;en (uN!;!s,Tliie ffn!2ml:n~'i5iiiJ,~e .ni:~died

" .. ...J.

u~i~ i)il!1~11iIruired ft.eJk1, wln:h he~cI~, SOIWl€: JQlfit~ ,c:Ollllcli !:i;i1! 'lM',a,pp~([ \~th LUiil'i{i\J'tol:liirJI

::'i~~!3i~h! ,[lin!! dh:~o1!ii.

Step 1.,M~ i'.J.,fIEinl:::IkDtk:l[If~'it.3.i9Ilhm~!I!!:li2il nilliJ~hl,~db ihe di~J!5ifl'Jl:!i> ~'TII.A 1bil!!1'!~ 'Mlh ,8, ~hl ,~~ ltlr u~~ ifflnt ~I ~W'Drt ~fll]~~j) :00i Q'LeJ.:e' 'il''ie. $il:~t m~~e CilmriJiltable., I ,rfloo.e t~'O 'rr'i~IilMi 01' lhili .Mi'Fiil: s.tW ,tD,~ 'i'Jii(tle ':sJ!F~mg'1h.

s~ '2. f'Ii-edi1il it:'l.i.Cn h~!t: be'~Ofe ~liHi9./1.9 illWiiiil i!i~~ii'l9'~ ~$i AJw$.'fS 'lty !J;II flrien'llh~ l!iI;!ee:s'~ '~ !'I~i!f;!d ~~~ .It)~ ooa!OO'tMe "(woe Qf tl,e tiam~ 115: dlledl.!/, Ir-aJ'i~rierf,~d: ilUtilllg,h lite: uJ 1.0' Ih Miith.

s·to,p ::1'. 'AfOOr ~hl:!l tvm f~ ;E!I',j) m~1emd, h:oln,~ "!he 1lmiIl:i; whla:,. willi S~~fclii! In~ rowJii!r fmnt;!l Oil!ll!!~b'~~, .;If!dl!"!i! IIti~fIl i'1 ~!aee, :fe~~~,'t~il! ~od ~ !iHr.~ ~11f9 'Ciill Uii'e e'l !Is', '

Sfi;lp ·f. Bsnd .EIIildl ll'iLij lhe oub!iclGlllli1TI m@fl1c!2(;!I in plaoll' This ~ .m' pDB'-'ib!3.I'I~d'i'j]S liS e;;;~~.~~'mB!'Ilhiillr~ :lhrl~~l!IlVa .d!.II'ID

1i'!e~~lhi!iJ .u:r~ :g-Q i:ICi~ !.o ~d ~11~,. ' '

M T ra

$I»J!, ,!5~,'A~ '!fiill, u,PP!i)1i' $C~J; 'fj@'~ YQU'~ i(i"ilfli ~~ .,,1'!gjo

illiG ':J.'1Nrt"fIlElw;a' bnpk ii1>ljjjl~~lIim!!Jl :15' ml Q'I io Fllam 'tOO dlSi'tr 'oomfo~l:!', C'u~ -thi~ '!:inds Dr i!h~ bIiElJlcbi!i:;' !!:iff to !l:ooa~.i~dhil!1 fil:d

af!d "I ~~ II~lgjrl.1; fif, ihl!' tl:llE!ir., ' ,

511.8,1,"; 1" Thi31 if!~ Is MfilS!lf~Q'~ O'I~w~I\Jr'{l~ IHWi~il'~ 'Ut!iri ~il!1ii vdrad.tagil!1tJ!3r~ith lfue thl£k I8rud olo'rye braaeh :a~adlE!d ~lDfuelhlll IOIllcl 'i;!i"~ CJ.til(l"1!;, 'Th~ '\'!j:glfi; w!lllt~ip ii.~'1m;;. ~~O!;; to '~i'ld u!"lltQ~ ;::.,nd 'WlI h~I,j:llkliilCip ~Iii''''-!lli!! ~CI ~~,i:I!:i 'fll1!l=ih too ~'oThc ';\lIn:. wilboll !'G~d ~ 'iiniJ. ,oiJ;3.ir is ,ooJn~ollll3'. Thill slrnJc!:UI'G m: ilfui3 ,dFJ:aiJi ~£<'U..~: ~1~f!1'1J k~p 'Ih'ill ~'IIi:i~_g lb:rlllD(i! in pki~_

,S:ltip ,8" Thg, IQ~ 'kir tiiil!i1 bl!ltk i.s 1illL'2d IbEII!;k ~iaf:1!ty ElI1d 11~ to !h~ iinsl* c-.f ~h~ I~~ ood ki 'tl~~, i:;~", ibr~ci. 8cl'l~ ijhe ~"'Ill ~~ !he; il1iciclll'O!JniJi, M!lI ~Uli'e ~t "11~h a S:ick ,att:l:!~$' the: ~f O'~ :IJ\;C; ~iii~ '[I'mil:. Mall '[he I~r 10 ,the ,aiml Uiil: :.ei;iH1'J.li'i!l:'r:;;nd '!ihe Jowcr

rr.~_l1.!1I;!r:!. re[(l~ItrB wi~ . .

:Sto:p '6. I'l!.~ ;1i; 'C;JQ~ Ibi~ Ilil¢~i:,i1 ~ j1lifto$.'~ ::;upj!!~!t 1M ~~, '1 ,00 r:1Ijhi:s, 1l'IGmm.:r :so'lh~ ~:m,ck"'!.'Klulrl hli c::u:rrodJ ",.mr.;;h MI~:;l, m~€' ih~ cha.1r manl' d:(mfai:tiBbJi], ~~me:ll1~, .a~ nall aiiiml tile 'I\il!~ @'f, ~ li~!lmil'fl~r ,is diJe~,liy hr:i~f(!~ :Ihr'il!!ilShi tI1~ ~J to' Ihe: be 1'1 cl'l. TI1is cll!:i~ .eaclt Mil)) liie d~ ill I1ii1Jd JiOI'l!I pre~ef\'~ 'Ih~ k'it~ ~~ ilia11"ilff;Ji:!rif!~ IWltI'I iOose;mllii9! rne 'B.SI. 01 '!fia jciiir&.

M T ra

Step' l,Q. FirmJtJI;, lfie' $!;i.'l't ~ ~ ~I!! flee.dlitllie ~ied !fI, Preb~r1.d 1ilefl's! pigCllito thB- ~Jl'4iEi j/Ol,j \m:liiI~' 1m I[!ld~, iOr;[;reaIa a i;Q~rt3/'b'ie ~1" ~ndi !ii:a~ ~ ~ Ci: ~i;lw.:-e\i!.f1, '~i!~ Wf!! ~ plcc:e:ii 1tL1!it ff!i1!ke up the' b"ck.

s:te.p '1 'm. EJrW 311!!:! n~l~ fhg, ven}eal ple~Ao ~f,j\G!IlIfi:'lIL SfJI3!jl'B:_.. ~ ~ Iii,~ b9FidlFlgilhao ~~te< ... ~ i;i1l6W,iir :Mi>i!,~ pF.8clil~lrt9 ,!jill!'! !'I liiW 1iI9! ii' 1~'me b~'~ ~ 'tfle 'fFonl ~ib

SI1i,p' 112. C!Jr.npIS~8' trys jlj\\JIril:9 01 U'iS$~:afl~ Ibe ""~f ii"Irt of tMe ~f;k bJ ~l1!in9'~ne .. ~ JI~"li;I'!he' i:;fOas~l'iIi:e, ~e~l' tl"iQ ~~ll i'Qf ift'iil:' if-!l!it..a! tlbC '!ierllcii m(tll'l!i:ie~ '~!11 '~ifi~te Ihe ~<D1dlihe~

SUi,pi '1.3. l'IT1I3' 1ii'~'GafiI ba ~~~ as '~r ;apOir1' IQ'r JGkKs!3~' ~,ygu w~t d~pe:ndfllg ~ :.'Qyr d~iHI'l Wll!!l ~w 1fI1~!l:~ '1IiI\)'6d lf~IU 1lIJI'i'::. 1t~e.0C\ Wif'" ~p:aeQd abQi.it·r.,;' ~j'[fjb il;~

M T ra

~m"ercllt be[~dirnDi f(l:rms. :YOIJ'III n~l" !l!l1dIIl'E:YJif:w ~ mE.'! adll!e$l!i1e5, illml wi~ ~I£lp you <l'loil~ tJ]e W<l/f. A 1]l1ltlilID ~~Ip,s y,tIil 'CDIlStii1id 't~e! ~(JfIiiI iii wh'k~ the 'lJliVe !'!'1111 ~,

your '!'o!!m wi!1 ~dp ,cl'e:wm!J'le W~i;ilt type O'I.acl~'~~e ~1'tnl UlilU ('(Ir ~I,!!F' IProjOO', 'fIhi)ljgl~ yillj'll fimdttiil!1 blliil'15 and ~pplies. yuU ii~d fj)~ !ladi 'Woodl~b~iid[m!J projeot

Fl9!;!lJO 4-1. EI'~ic: 1:wtJ ~ :>IJW'~ fOli ~"OO:~I Ilianding cal] imdllJd'e il pty~i:li:ld' 1'om1, i!Il ~fjJ'i!lW :l!IiJi1, 'tii!',d ,;!I ruler,

'Pattern M'aking

A~lt :atJ;lC:Ui~1lA? 'fll.ll:n-~T~~ d,:;.wi~~. (If lP~lI"~rn, j~

e'i'!it [i:H!J!l!!iy !miw.rl,aJ!llJt~,.~.m ~p:iilking :il !l!t,oJ"'>.O~, Dl!'1~~ij!lIi:]1g;.:l!n~ ~)'P~ tlf W~l;I''i\. A !f'alt!!!r~ ~Idp!i.

i\'Ot! ql!n~':FI,.i;;;t ithtl1: fiorni h'l cWOl:l~h ~Ifi~ ii;l1;l~Ye wlill

b~ liC'wt and tC;!I!l:1I .iIo~~ as :i!'i Vi'l~t.ei·i1i ffji" <l.llgnilliitl: ~lfie: j.}l1i}Dt;!; ,of [hie I;ml!:.c[ at '\I:ilIrill!:.lS 'lIm,a~ Juril i~;g mm~tr!J.Ic:HfJlIli .. On.~ ~~I.I 11u'\IIe t'81,[lJb~I;sIH~d the irmebtIDdJ '!J rb,eU1idilli~ )IOi1J ~11D1I,l to use, ~~1iI Viri1J ,[lls{!; need 00 dcl:elrlllin;eo [he ;'InrlO!Ul ITt, of :'iil)l:i[lgb,8;C.k III !l!.\f~;!;t 3Jmll.ac:c:o::mnt [Of thai :in U,if;l' df,!tw,~nm, 'l.mlillt5.:S th'llI'lii!!lQ wu m P'il' :51~i:l.!rW !lt (I~II!' end~i

IDrawhtg TQ~IS

Nt aDlof bti12 Il iii , .... ;Intln~ ~hli)y ;{j[rlil' 1ti!:I!.d..;:- :S:.lJ,:r~ir1il~ilill~ fD ~ <d ri1lwi~~ (;It :!f!;IJ!t, \,:Cln be ",,£dy'l (!J'~ drawing

eu fV1'1S. In lTian)"~;i'i es, a COtntpili.SS\! ,1 se.t of

trilllIi mea p(ll~lf:It:;;;, or even II ,c;.m. !Dr 6)1i1~el: C,UI cli'C'at.e ;j'J:[~ :1II1:'C or a '!l;irCile (F1~t\C 4·2}.F'Q,1l" more C1fg1lrlic 5D,lot,pe5; }'O'I.I may 'w.mt to ii1:y !l! ~l<i~ic or metlllJl :fllie'!1:dl 'il:WJf'{f:" a ne~iib~e lr!J!ler. {H' \~fj",~S ~:ii;it,k p[llttem~ tPl!l}:l!u.'e 4'"3~~ Even ~ w.'!.Sher can m.9Me :ii, ,g(HKl g,'ilJd~' whlill"! fo IliIH'i'iin,g ,(i~ ~istilTlg (;i,'IJit1.rl? (fljJrlit'~ ·14),

fC;mtil QIf p!l!"l'1 Com~!.'~ T~l'b1meiflo.lm~, Can Itr Dl:J!l:kei FfEflcl; ,~jjli"W!' f~fbre ml'ill:r

0!i;1l1~;1 ~n~~ p'!~~triC pi1lW~rM Wa&!~i!ir

f~1!Jl;mIi 4-':!l. 1~Ff!~ foii'i~ !41~ ~ ffiQ!~1 jX!trui$ .mtiincli.!]d ,EO' "01, pl!!}oo !!Jf,: 'WOOd, m;v!iI ,Ba;), -b dr.OlW' IJllSI8 ej'~~:B!'Id arce,

Ilrl~~ 4":'S.,, F!o(i);il:M: 'tl;!b!ii1!3l, ;'l; F~i'Irn ~l,ifVil. ;}, ~p~$, ,::.;.i!1:I ~ pon61 !iJj\1;l n1)r:.dll' jo- h~ jrlj'l!'OIJF b~gl~'Q'(

11r11fW'C ~4.1i! '\i'f8I~her i:OO eoo!ly fCllkw &I e~li:'I!il1 ruw ,<lit 9i :;;~I dislaiiQ~ ~FOm it.

Wood-Bmdling T E R M 5

~an~et A 'ii~, fi'elib~ pad hJ 1I1I'l'e1'l5. I~ jJ.1Ie',sSIJre _ ::;pan5: the di5-UwlOE: beivf~el1lhe rihs -c,f a ~ll:Iing "lO'rm to

1J1\a_~ !ill !ii~h !Surl~ for a p~1 '~Q re5't 01]" .

~Wflil!Vt ;a~~,te; ~PVA) g'lti:e$, WtiLeMohj~ glues carnUY:.'!(J1y used f'CHi' ~"'Im.g ~Jed:s.

ComP!a_!fi,oj Ci.:in,e. A. wr.e that is ~'of ~~<lOO C;Quh:il1i:e ~, ~in9 :<i ~m~ Cf can be booed frcrn ~ 'c!rt:'Uw o'bj;d;

rieo.silli'lmlP ... egl!ultedll:iiCl~;eycrt!mbed :she;e:ti:!:,. A I,UJ,i(gIila! '!/M'itll2J m'e df reiMrom.:Bd "8sln-l~regool.edl pa,perlti!llI Is :::lJIillflgBd in:2i hflneyool1ilb&l pa'ltell1.

Ribbed! ftolfn. A l[1ibtedl fQnrn !I;lCol'!~.tn!lded i!:Il: li~MdI.fii!l rib~ ~~ bl;!~~1iI "2' (5[::m)!1;1 6' ( 1 !i;:m) ~Jl TN~ iBln'I~n~ up U;~, 'bm ::;lInd ,~~ it i~~1 fl):r rn;ikil'll,tl bG1n1 ~h., ~f:d 'fIQI'l1IS ean !be made 01 -Line 101 iI:wo lPalils,

caul" A, lpie!:e (If rigid mari:erialust!o 'k! ~ d<J.mps, anti fwrlir1~ ap~1 even ptes..stlrB' 10 'I'!.'COd btillrlelloFliS.

~~min~ti~n,ihG' $;;1 p;:lra~n Qf ~ Iay,,,,~ V.ri,!tilii a ~ ~ QF gll,Jed-up l~ina!iOfl.

(3\,[1de, :&trip!;, 8!rfp$ 1tIai k~!}p both 'Ill~ fi;lml aFidi 'h tarnJina1fl'S 'from sliding around,

Solidfo:mn. A fOfIill u~r:o, ::;dEd-wo'Jd lanlrn~iDrn~5"Ie<lm be:nd!ng., ,~ SQme nwrow ~15" Th;re ~r.;· 'ivfo typ;5i of

~Gllld 1O:nm~: Q!1e1'"1P~~ ~d hVo-p.i!~- .

·SlI'm!m!e:tri1l;;l!l1 d'a:sigl1, ,A ~~n wll1o~ !:iid~~ ,an;:: 'miFli'Qr i~ (rIr~ ~tl1€:r-

I"~d:-e; tl~eh.T!lgye." A 'WC:~~ using ~ vaouum Pfl~S$ ill vhik;:h IOOIIlii Hie ~ and the; f'Clii"M aafG ~'ocOO Insl~ the 'I'£ilCUWiIlI bag.

LamiJ1>atioos or'lallOina'fe!5!. L:ayera, of wood that, M1!l1'Ji p'lared ro,gether rrtillh ~ in i':EJweel!1l lhem, m~ up a rurved

shape' ca~1 a ren1l:imil1i!ltm, .

hnmopbmc adh:ti:ili:ws" A.dheslil'elS flti<d dry try {l~ati:'m. 'can oof'~n when temperature il1tfe:ii&es and reoo to creep under !bad, When €~p05edl ill m.riistulie, ihe bond ~ rQ.\ dl,J~-

lMa!IUlr\l!ii:h,U,ilIdi ~at.'l!'-C:ijt, ~he~t g~od$" tJ" mi3JiHrtar:'l:ureu :s1ilsi3t rii'taib3(1ilI Wilih 9, :!Oii?nsS of ,GI!AS wn.91 ill::!i 1i31'i91.n_ TIi"g cuts, ~ 'Ih~ fMtl!lilali to 'r~.i( i:ltrM~ 'UMB 'WiditJ_

Tt1}8nmoseil'tin:g ,OO~iIlSUIj\8iS. M~s~s '11'IaI $~~' as ~h;;li

[{lSIJ ;. of a dl€imbll macbi that occtIl1: w~ .~ 1F!ar'iS alii} mffilbiried~ when ~"Q'f' ~ ,oorled~ or when heat il aw'ICQI,ito oCneale a ri,g'd compound, ThermoeetliD9 :adhesives aJre If'-iua'ly inr~bre, ins:Jla.!ble, am :show guorI res~~ to creejl, They are IJ5ed for heavy IkJads, and S'elfer,eOCt"ldltiOfls,

Medi!!lm-.del'lsily '6beftC.oarti (M DF~" A 00 l'ilipooiM :jheel. !'Ii.~iaJl !iJ'I~ f~!1i'! '\wocl dust and ~~.

'fW.g·j;I~rt rtbbedlr~, The' $~ :iI$ O!'le..,o~ fonm$. ~pi: 'With ifnrui!:.l idJ'Id ferna\:!. :sraes. This lyp:i of form caii'Jj Li9!:ldlli1

a ~:M(!l press er e lai'lli\~ wi!h ilhtck arui:!; to ,di!lfioooo 1M pressure e'P'e~ wher! SJ'RI];UlJm pre:SG. is ~: :S~,J.fIiWe,

Q.Il>9:-,pwt: IiII~b9d f:mm" A DfI8 < part '(llilfI'Ij made 01 Eh'9r1:Y s~c! iilM iIM.l! CilliJ 00 umd iMid'~ <l i.!<tL!Jiifii bag b forrm Min~1ed benl ~itll!:!:!;,

QM!!il'IPOO ::101m 1"wm. A bhxk (if W{iOO ''Mth ,are oi:urved :;'lm for the iEmdiFillJ 'WOOdilo bend :tWUnd. One-part !;iO~ci! ~ are mli1d<!m 1~Ii5' oE~,

'l\ijIo·part ~lildl 'fQrm. T'i\;)-~rt ro'id laMS ~~ tltie !l;li~ as. (lrte~rt f~fJI'!S. exo;~ therl!' are ~ ,~nd :a,f:e~~ ~e$-

(Jipen ~lme, or womkilng ilime., ~ 'n~ yoo ~ f~a,,'Opi,VIrig! iIhe gB::' urlhlll sII_ 10 :slk:k. Al!So eared! 'INOrkJl'I!;I 'lime.

Vacuum IProi!i~, A pii"M'S '~Mt ooiW~:!; J~!i p.mMuft:! '~j\om 1M a~~I!:I~ :olIOOFld H a!H:~r,W1 or lhe <lir i:!i trel1l0irud fFOIf'I the 'lt2!:llJl..Im bag.

Oi"9E!fli~ (:yrlia. A 'vari3.b1e er undllilutiing (;;"!.!1Ve that carTflO't 00 ,n'l,'1l ~ 51. OOfllpa.5!5, a '9eJ'!~ !';;]J!¥L':!!5 re5e!m~ '~~ found in ~tu~.

'lif,e'i'lee:r p:i'e5c'5i. A !5!:FeW press '~hart W15i5"t5 of5evemJ ~e,.:lih~~,dd i;Qnping '5..;;:r~ mQuiirledl ill a ~~o.!.!ij' \~ ;:;J~ ~li!fi,1 ~[iI']~,.hi; i~,~hl~d 004'TI~r U~ 'ltQF1o" IJ" ~nt;!er pf:M:!i ~:li u~ 1"1 mr(W'IC!iClI1 'ii.iitll ~ '!:Ui'!tI!:d 'rIDffl'i and .r:aoJi!; 'biL'ib~'bo'~~,

Ol,ll:s!ld'ii1i,te!l;~!i!iqlUal. .A 'OOchl'llqilfei using :;. ~aCl,ill,JfIiI I)r-e$$ Iftl v.lllch ~he wIJojl is pia.cad InsklB ttJe ~lJum b;lg lblA '~M fOO"l1 rem~oo~~IdQ,

lPI(ywQli:ig. A QJ.IITiIPQW li!la1.~J Iml~e ~:tIT! od:l rruifi!Je~ (If !ayeft1< iN_i ait-£!!If!aM!' !Wi graiil aiFedion '00, r~:M1: wood ~!!net1i..

.$ym ll"ie''fub_I CUII!'eS ,tlre oo~ in WO!ld-bemll'ig pTiU)~Ls. '1I"!he {olbNlng rnelOOd Is aFi erflrOem 8m ~iJr3re' ~to ~d1!Xle ,~ymlilletmool pa1!f:erns;,. The. paJi:tem 5ho~ in tlhe

" .'

OOino~l~n.1.~ 1lhe ~ ~~I;I' w a S~k~r bqx;

510:p'. Wft~ 'piliperaJigned Je,('jg1flwi~ illl ~. ~;lin:~:iSp~ ~,rda1ia~ ~liWl i';i17l0' \1"i![liiiC:l11 !L!nd 'PM h~!1f~1 ~ '1h:il.1: ililfQil$l1ci'",,;, II1Il1 0I!'rrte.r or t1m ~e.

s~ 2, H'Lle_iliilifldl dmw On..E! ~'r'Gi tnl!l'~i in ane OO[fjer OillitR. Q~:;;'

S:l~jl:l3~ ~~!~ q;u-I ~ siil!;ll,!lQrl!; 11;11'1" W,~~fIii)~~~,a~ Ihe 't~1li h~Ii".(Iilh~ ~age. U~e 'Ihe g~ as a le!re~ b c(im.plel~ '!l'Ie drErui1fiJii !I11hi!t ~op }.al)I' 0<1 rnl!lJ D't.al

Step", 'W'iIIt iLi ~It ;peFie"iI, ~ iJt~ t"O:j\I ~iill: Q~ h ~ fiil.IJl '~ITC:

papru J[J\I!!ir l!iing~liWi'.ii!; right abJ1,9 tit~· UiilIElrlilii!!, '

fi·t.9Ji I:. Tl.I~n ,1tJ~ IblrliGti p.aplllr !I'\!!li' ~Q Hiii!: ,1:11'(; is-'lii~\!!l''lhr<ru;gh Uw' Ipapl3r:, iLir~DVE!r IhB fin..erll'Olf1 ~~i3' back .01 'iI'iB cM'lsr, ~~~~ dQ,1f,ffJ MSJ:d. Th15 'OI!iI!il'[ii_r]~~ some II;INIii~' ll.rte lrom 't.~'g 'I:"P rum Ql tl~l:' O"\ICIJ,~ 'the. boH:om ~~ilIli olUle ~, il:Qm,RliliIlrlglltre !;!i1f1I1~ if!;'LI[::n ~b if$ln9 {;3libol1 p8~1',

SIlilp'l. ilJIri'ru:&l Ui1l1 pap6riandi :tk.~lJth in 1l;i1S laWl!l~ haH OIf' tI1!1lc BtC in It!el«! II dO!~af.

M T ra

Mleth~dsfQIf Df:'i:iwing ~UMS

'TI~~'L~ ;fI1j;\~ i!:i",~r~~ W~ys; Ii~ [~rtlw <i!n ~crnf,rule C~ rve, f!J)J[ a:r!!;:~ M citoTto"$! ~~rr.~F! c(lU(;:c:!I !l:U!T!!p~!'i (;1!i!'F\~! rJ;!lIJ: c:1lI,' y~ ~ Ol'm,p~i?$, a ~l (If ~r!!i!m!1ii,~l il;M)'liIlJi:!ii, or a ean t'irl:li,IJ~t:i ttl (rc::~t~ tH-le C"ilIrrt:(!! sl Zi~!ror LiI1i(h.lI:JHf~g (!Ii!' orgarlle slt~,[j;e.s:. ~s,~ il:l'iI~ 1.o(J~s till at WI:I ~Ii:: if'aJ.' 'l~t:ilI ,s!l·ut.i~'11: <1iul ,dira,\\' some (iF 1:1, frt:eharud!.

1 ()il1~1'Ii ere'ill!1: :l!i flOO('i,uD'ltl ;:;1] rve br 5:k~t<:hiDEl !lI;liCl! f\r:funing thii:' lime.. n ll:i;e i!:!J~d nn~' looks ,good to the ~lILImiln e~~e; t~e rilll lshed ctlne wtl~g ,S!p~~![ right to th(! I1Il1m~~ i;!~. ,!Ii~ wdl.. Thlil, rorm ~I.~~ u~ bemJ '~11i1iii 'WlJiode1!in b!il' f\u~hi;lr ;rWU'i~l d!JriJil11l Qo:n.~tn:llt\iJon. lh~ g:ood, snQllilcli be. t.c (;;rlM1.t~ ilin ;;:Y'i-~ IPl~a~'ng. d!l;~ lSI).

I f' the: (i,iIf\i.C ~ ilyiTnlnCi~rLcal-~ha~ I:~, ~f fQlJ, Wl!:~1il" to d Fri'i;!!' ;Ii HIil!!i:. '~hl'O!,;gh Hw ,dlc~~I'!~ (:c'nt .... ,r.. :I~ ''!lli'!:Ju'l!'':1 he ~tu~"s;lJime on hoa'l:i; side:;;-dJrnw' one s;j·,lle,00F tll'ie curve and replOO.run'i:l!: It on the uther s J iii e, (.sii!~ " Dr ... 'W'iHg <Ii .s.Y.I'iIl metr.iid1i CUI"I"o-e'" at iert)"

If :l'Gl!1 need Oli fotm ""~th tw.g, p:ili1:1;5"""~ top, ,md

f.;! h (]UQm=;i;'(i~' ~endiil1lQ. )!Q1JJ w~l:llI'Iieed t,~ atlOOiliIi!lJt' r",[' '~;~e d~ff!l'rence ir.l~hf.:' ii!lskte and olL~!'~ide f4'!,-dH o-r ~h'li! cu!"VtE', wi:1kh iiS th£' thkb.~~ of th5;!' h~l1It pi.E:~e' pllJ!> :ar!Jy iP;~;dd Illig;. Iu!liililJtl!l'S, [1 it ~iiul~ ~lria~

wlMi h!!" iP:~R:I;£~ I!ilQ;I;I' ~~!Il' fol;i~·r:n. ''ti'lll!il @Il ~!lI;;I"!e',a ~i? lh!f! radh.ls fnlrJl'b:at.'l(li. {S!1lf: !l11:n>C~il.!ihlf8.lhiL1: RiJodil,l,~. of iltnl ()r~nlll: Curv[t .11. r~ghd Q;~ hy 'J;j,slng a ,g!:tm.r;;aS'~

,( I!iI~ul1l: ~-\5,h

{)Inc~ dl!'!1' d~~w!in,1ll {ipw ;l! p\f'(jjec~ i~,r.il'!!l~h!l'd, I '1J!l'''; tf.;:!cing pap;~r to m~ke ~ cop]:' 31ld! !litt<JJi!:h the C9py i;Q the rn ;rtl!l'dallfof tlii~r'(:lrmbft :s;e:rl,\\e I!!I~, ill! ,t;:yt~:i.n~ pflt;t\l1'r!i!.,

Fil9urlB ,4,15.., ,A, (!:Jf:'fipa5:!il i~ :3i pd tool '101' clmv.lihg ,!IJ !(:UiVi!' a ~I' d~aJ'loe '$it~/kt;im a pre'li:oo:liy rn:wm li!fle.

S 1 E P _, B Y - S rEP: IW1ItteasilJi:g the Hadl us ef i.'Iilii 1(Jr,gan lc ·(liirve 1F~e:M,and

flY I~ loiiO'i'ilirg. iP~:!i! for I"IC~ lM, ~s 'o~ ~ ~Ic:()r i~l..!lli!n::lJm .. , (110 i~e: tha.s'iz,:e ~. 8Dtim~!;l CUFire" ,yoo ~ use a ~~5'Qf tlWDmei ,~ir"L~5.)

:S,1BP '1. ~, a IT'J~ to!, m~'k;;; ;Ib~AW"

(, 1 ~I'lii Iil) IO\P wt <rnd ·iIOO lJ:h~:;ired ;dli itm1 ""II frl!lrn 'Ehie .~!5,@~ [jill!;!', Be ~!ltti'~ '1\iJI' ntrUlllc 'I.t;~ ruler 'lu IilIlicw 'I,iliie 0u1Vii: in (l1~ 1~~,1k II!! o::on~elllit IdlM:mce beaWlilefl 1Jie '1'!.'iO~

;~llap 2'. Thi:ln, 00 II IIi! ct. flim mik::l ~1tn Ai lrac.h~ 11m.

Fflil'm millt{lnil. i~ I[jn~!i ;(Ijilr}~Ii!~!' il'Dpol'l(mt p~:n i ffl i!~~'~lii:!1:g io b.::m~ '~I]:!,:[r~!'tlJ~di Iii Ihi!i !5i~ctt!I;)f!!. wolDl ~ if;Ii\l'f!i[ t!hi;;! t(u)b~Q'!.I"'U! w~ fllliJ! h~II~' h~~1,q:f :iJi'Hl J!IJ(lik at dwooiDI~ the bii:S;li_itah~_rlals, m[!'~ building ,y",u~li;im~(]~J~g. l!JrYD1. Thf:fI. ,u'.n stk!f."i-iI' the b~s~C-il· (if Uit: dl~r~r6l~( ft:iil'ifi'i!l. 8U ~t!I !I.'"aDI el:!MSrt on,e thilt b-est IUs ¥'{jil:l r ~rOJeCl a:mll woriki ng fiwie.

'Kielb 'f'!!ifi :Fu:rms

'rQIII -d)iJll1!~; n~ildJ a lot !Dr 1,0015: [Qf b'u~ldjn~ and tJi~ill~ f'l:i:rm~, h~i;~(I!!,!,'!l''W1l!Llt; toma ~.til, :!l1,Ui? 'yC'~ h.aV1l' Hl'Iil! ~e!lltj:'lh: ~Blftiri' bil!gil1l;nin~ ygl.l!l' pruJi1ci', tGle~ p:h.o~IJ:I; $l1:rlWOI!iliI,!J.!o'l:; '1iSIi; tu I,;'msld~f. ciI~n,(}lllg u:11 ytli.l!li" pr~IJ)(lCi.!

l~~ 4,·'7: Sjiii'"iIIY ,1iI.dh~i'ilIli!iiln ~iJ,p~. T8mporlillj' :Ildtll~!lo:1Iihlil such :liS, :gpmJ ElfiE1!:!:~ilf(!' findi mp!!l, EIf'i) peifud '~r 'i!lL~lRcl1[ng jWlllIcrn~.

Fi:gllr<ooli.l6. S!tl1NSl. Band ,!- ... ~! QIJ.~frIg ~ Jlg)i<l1N;a, :;md IUID::baii"i~ Cil!n btl u!efuiliu 'l:llMilli9 ,iJU~, IOfffis"

IFiguJ~ .q~", H,iililidlioki f;o",~e~ ,Of' Ito!lIlCf' tllbic, A I~U~e:1 w,i!ii'i 2i fdIDw'~ Ilil: I:2il1i ,00 L:ls.eful 'fDr :copying 1~ll!r5 jj,1].~1 ,n,~ from 111e f!r$t ~"i;f' or ~lb YO!]' ~~,

Faggr~ ,4~~, $~gill~r.l)!~ m~~ r~,~~ ~md !:!I~n~:p~PM' A!I are use!'!)1 rOf' ~dtf'lrl ~i'ld~ ~~~pif'l9 Ihe 'I~~ you lii.iM I ft:'t:q,tii::(ft~ 1Li~ o1ii ~k ~!::r! ,M edg c :lMld~, ~ 8pim!!E! :Sll;Rdll!!f, and :;J 11:;mdl1e!d !bE!11 :~:;J~i

FigiliiQ ,4·10~ Drill. A. drillis ll;[i!9I'ul fur l .. ~tg:nIllIgrol1TIl5: IDgIllth!lr,mrid '!ar drilif1;g '~j:li'fi;Q 11!;1k::~ !ill!:;mc'pr!fl f~lrn~

!,,",gUN 4~1 to, Wax 01' WII!K 1~.p8r., IFl:iIllOO WID:,O[, WID:: fi~j:li:!~' ~.~1~i!!fi Ilh¢ ~~ t;J,jjoill ~ft¢ ;(;;i,!!~(,lr !pntli'r.\~'!ilj;Ni i[g hIDGplhel ';;ElJ.Jllrnm ':i~ 1D tlii!:l' pm*d.

:F~g!!l!Nl!' 4-1t~, Gh .. -. A \'1ii.ril3~ !J'f !;dufi; !lin;! U15!Jiui, IIJI' gil:liIlg fDrrn.s[:Jf)II!1heir. SeG "At.ih'i!·~i1jJl!:!I~ iOri plllf)!l' fi4i.

IFlgurl@ ,'4~., tBiI!!l!ilnket A b!;:lIllI<1*~ lis a WIde,. 'n~)ll~!~ pe;~1 :(g]at ei!eMl IPr~SiimB ~ iVllikes ,~ :smoDth SlJl'r..atEI 'Illll[ ;IIi lPiUi.£Ii tl:l ~.t: 'till. 'FDi'I'fffi, wlih lrib~ v:~e~ ~ bi!noiliigl 1'~i!'i::!,1ions :l'!'e OQ'i\ered by 5i;ilTIel1.'pe· of bl~!!11~ gil [p;i)d 'II) ,~Ji~ 1JrK.I di~j~f'!OI1! 1:1I!i!J.iJollllti ~h(:t fill'$'.

Itr~ 4-11~. Cilluli. CaLlI:s ale ~id m!ll'm~i1lI used

l~ dfr$ t r ii:I!.J Ie p!I~'$6'U f>1;!i eve nly, !&i pi;! cialilJ! 1I.ii1.h tJ,';,',D - pam. ~r~, G;I!!!~ !;i;"e 1I,J~~d in ~LIII'I~~fI ~11i! d1J!TIpt~ 1~ her~ 1hii: upper arid k-w-e( h11~, of ~helb:rl'n '~P~~I WlIform pnsScSiJHl 10 iM](!d lamini3Mns..

IFim,l!'e4·1:$., \ie~' 1F.l~i$.. 81ti 'I~!TIlS .can. be pi~~ irr~ a veneer p:r~, ~:gl1 a 'ifQ~.:il(t;r 1Pf;~" lsi! ifI~OI1S11;"if 1~~" mQ:;t ly.i'i'fl':!O o.i ben.d Ln.!;!; n ean be ~ 8iL';}"~ 'EDIiIPP!y uniID:1fIiI pres!liu 00..

FIBlt!:!il!' 401' 6". C!i!_m~. ~~~~!!!re 1.5: g!lie ,~i ttJe k~' F~gu~ ,4,·~r7;. V~!!lUg!'!'1i !!;lIg, M~kin91

Ingredie!'!l!l· when, 'U;;if1g1 fu~. and ciamp~ a.:!e- one- 01' ~ ~I' 'OWl'! ~C!llJm b;!g 'lor ;;I. 'I'~m

,~ .. ~i~:;1 .iJd Fii;;M;1 ~h:: ~~ ;o.~ liii,f~~. CIOIiJi,JW.! i'f(J~:;; !~n;iWf; ~!lli ~I;i C\i~1~!2Q '~!!I

W·Ei :ger.II;lflill~ U<,il3d mtiJ batik 'IDrw.s arrl 'lliiJrk basi' fur ~ to M Yi)II[, proli'i"i !liru!lC:il;Iii:5i3'!f.!3

rel.:i!'1¥e~ nBlfil't1!'l.';l iIHIJ~I!l. :Mtl!l~ lliii:i d'ampro can ro!ldll in you ,i'il1Q~ (Be!:: 'Pi.\1:l!kin,g YOI!!iI' Dun

lru' m~l!!ilh 'b d",~u'l.i!· F[lJ!Olilw,,,' 'IWe"t ~ (IF\cliro IPL![!;~ ·\Ie.i;;JJIlIIif.I ~:t!g' 00 pa_gc 4a.)

r.,'1 ~T ( 0W~r~,1is ~~~1~1 ~uri~~bfdu~g~iN~~.;r~AAi.rp 8 ~~ ~

C}j\!ll!1:'ii If :I'"(lll! <ire,{i'llI~ do1~1 f~ilit Wi:i~ik:. ~I!!! ("_aII! :!lil!Wl m;j)~ ~:y !1fo1!l!;!I!1i91 ~~:r O"I'Jp '!l\il~\lI,!'m Pil>g_',fi, ~hi;iP"fI!.id~ 1ba~

'0il.1lI be' I\!!~~d [m IMith fill"! i!llIli8i [oilRfeq ~ik: ThY$; m~ljhllxll iii!i~oi1iC\5. ~.i!!i1ImtiilJI wa'!![:I1 ;ut~i:h~ ·tlhl!; o!.iit~JOO h!:diiiliq!.t!! ,~~tJ~~ 00 ~1!9).1: 58 'I"fll~ !5'!1~.TQ"9~:i~~fIlBd. ·y.Qu mil ~ee.d' '5'0!ne l1!ia~ijk-Im!~efli!l1 kto mil!ke~tte bag, 'ili'be' i!;Wo ·I.~~· Qr'p'i~5n~' ~~t WQ~ ~t,~il1e vllll)ll i;illl!d: 1lliO~r.-entii!!!"v: pl,jj:iJt~. (lit righl). .. ln :l!!i~li!!i Ci!I~I!!\.~1Jte pl:ii!iIt. :5.lIiiDUld' IDe i!i.t I~~t: 201 tlJi:liJ' m.m illJ~~il:kl1le'!I~. \!j·Ir1;iIOOIillI!ftI,(jiigh.t)Wriiks ~~~~ ~Q ~~I'!,Ip ;3j.",,!.,yJ ~~9!!)-;~~I,!~~~dit 'M;!~d~ ~~. F!!!!~~~· ·~g:et~~:F.'''''~iil j;lQ!(f!!~eIUlli'i!"l~ 1:'i,;;Q,i p~~'~i"!~n~'g'I~ S~\i;h a~ !;]tjllitl.lli·Cirl.!~; ~h~f",rk~~Ywe'i~Thl'! li!ii!g>t::.,31'i be· '1J'!te r:~lzed l'Oi i!!OCQrnmodllllle :5e'iiEraI1Iy..Jis· of pr·c:~e~:i'~ .

. ~ .IF ..

c~~o cl'i~ vFiI or 1P~1~1il1t'(J:j1ieil~ pliIMi!: F~I mm;in~ ·v.aL~UJil ~~j.

Vin)'I.~ rn icll!lsl r(l~ ~ns '!m.C1.!Ufn c~~ beb1J~~ il·um; .(I~.2iI:3Jl:r:~:li,.

~hl!p. ~I. 1'l:!1' ~ liag ::ll!~~s'l:alft \ili~h a ~!ir:l;g;t Oir ~tjc t'~ as wi~e as Ille ~)!1 g.f 1h-~~h~ ~, i!)ll~t~ Ifmer,. i!'li:;; ~i g.¥e'~!J iJFIe le--ss; ~eam to !Seal !Jp thalll~~ If'Ii'~ 'were !to iplac-e e!\~ ·:>t.BBi wSP afl t:l1m iii It.

StB;~t:2. [)fl;~ltli'liM '!jli~ IO.i!l~fi 'l:IlIt: ~;I!liia~. \.\iiI1 ~~~t::l'1t1ll1: ,gjr~ !i:n~ ~.e'-~ ~~illi!I)!e' (ijr II. Any 1bc~~11 wl1 ~~~ dt;ll E;i1;!1 .f)e.!S~ b-ke~ oot (if'~M~ "I~ iJ,t~Me .ti~l1difIIQ ·ti:l.fI'Il!. By ploo~ lhill 'l';~lvi!! nesr 'ltlef.(iIf eooQ~jj;e ibd.~kF(itiwililla $iIe 'to UiIi'<IIi,;r,' sf1il;ilI~:r ~:;t~ei~ t.{mov.~ t~e Jb:;ig ~~~lre ~ig~rr'~ the- ~"ve.

!SbI,p' :i3i..1 JikiJ lil!l.II:;8 iIIl 'lI!llkk ODllpl",~ Ilkeih!3 one,_~h!J'ffll flew, ool!:fil;!Si\2i :hii!il'fI ffll!lltij:!ii!i ib!:ig~:l!lI;iJ '~J'iI!l)fariuL!1PI pUIiflp!. iii tOei ~i!i «j·Od· iligl.hilift· !Ji .iJdh~)e:li1iIi9 m~fli.i>m I~ fu~ !JfI!l::iIilOrNfiI,ilic

~~ ~fij ,bi!i ,~~d .ara~Qd-1Jti!:- .oo,g~~ 'I'rlii.tJ·mit [;cmll!nt .

SJ~ ~; 1'0 ~Gat JIha, Ibile! I9dgiliS afChEI ~ 1<lf1fl13I.!l1.a.:;;hic 'Jut full nrltd hru!i~ ilUi lEi. [" ~)56tmt)·'i\iiQi£f."bali ~ oi ¥ifl~~ ootiJliI!:fiI::I!i~l'ig!!fie· cn~ir~ ifcngib. Om::' ~ ""r Hj;"b~ [:iI ~. Iell ,opt':!ill W· ill~M l.itl IDlIlh:d' Sf]d1IlJ~.

M T ra

$!,'I;!p~, A!ro'l'(~ oe~ef!t ~(I; ~ f'Q'J~b~.d!5 ffifflles;,l(;;r ·~~·bflgl ~_!j: 'iI~e. 1!!!~t1l.,[dj(IiM, 11m 'the eQR~e!' d ,il!c:t ,~l'Idi ~ri fo!lt! EMe ~ iii ~I will~ Ih~ gljj~billilld~;jm, to>p of ;(:a{1\ o'lhi!:t rfiljjfi'iiij:jj~]~lt

~!J !1;l'Jer t~ ~I;lp @-'Ihle 91i!1'!!'R wlth ~.il;j!rd f'OQ'l!Jf .t>;;l rtl~ the t~ la~r-.:l; it~€:'lti'C'r.

Sit. iB~M1el tlful!l OI!Il'iiI8.rrl hBiSAli;ulIlell~~·11 ~E!QoIlill1~OO ~u IJJ~Ui~IMeal 'l1J;e ei:lg~ Brush ~; r ~.~:e ~;ll;_H~ 01' ~Iil!e Dl'i.I~p ol'll1ie: ~ aI'oi,,);tt'~liJ1!:ag~,I~l II tI,y 'I~ !ht:, il:QOi1iimilli'l~~d ;i[jjfIOU~'

, .. - '_

Il:)i lime, ~I ii1~n JQidl ~h~.ed'ge ~r !Qrrl ttse.iiL Fin~'llf, IPr~ 'WI;; fW 'dri\~rI! 1i~lIl b.y dawJpll1l[l a 'Sijnl} o~: WI}.OO 1M Ileilgth i@'~. tIJ:e .~ !J.ifef tJ;;s siiam.. Thi~ wll~ gr'!;ially d!3~i!31i$9 tlle po;:>.5iliii!l~ Gill j~Blt!;,

~Ji!1 7. Ttl dfra:tk 1hril bag lOi ~. ~;id 'b5 ~aI~ilra{lllJp" Itladllils' bag·~h :;dfal~Ip'Elmei tl1e §h;!"!!rl'lt'~ emjIeJ~~9, ~i;!'frff 1hJ;l'aOO, ~_~ '~I;O' ~!.i:ntii;h ,;J:i1d t\!!fiI it iOi'!,.

:5tto;p s. Qilte·1h,a ~ ~'El'!li3t;lili!JiII~,!{D1ll ~IlLild ha<lli" a dtllirt hi!it:iil'ig ~DIlIF!dI WI!W.n.d mlIj/' h~~'!!. The.~ ~It't pl)fl:l ~D'iM[II1i$ii.t¥ it ~!g i'!~ti. 1C!~tk~

·$b:!.P '!il\, l~ ~ J(i: !l\!~ bFl,!~h ~,Iiittti! ~)\I ¢l!tf'l.t~t Qt 11~~IfI'l'!l!!!. !j!i,J(I ~,lhElre<l o-llJiic ~k.n;::- ~jJ!:lIlq.i1 D~:t:h.J:1pi.Jrnp ~~1..1~ p!.dIHhc. ool':n.e:ii1t inL!) ~h;E! ieail; am;ffh~!1I :!fl1~ IhB 1sak ~!!Jitl::"d}' .EIB t!I1!! ~t;!rFHlI!II i;I'~~. 'Y(!ll!I~:an ~l~ IPr~5.~U~~t :!!I1>a1!! ;rJ~~!l ~r I~~mp i\ iM!h:a ~cl-.;.

$~~p1i)i,"i]n~ ~'J(lI1~~ J!"IQiIl,!'~~ ~e:1!lt:!1 'i~ ~"HI,.'lIt,!i ~I'!Ql';,lt(ll ~ d!Jl"l1ii. '~,9h~ lUll.an !I'~~ . .:l,~th" iil~IfnP.·

The b ~S~ gl:!lJ,~!l,al~ ~(lJ {Qii:UJ1!b~!lM~"g iii\~ IPlyv,wod ~Llld M~)f" 'f(!lr ~~;I,;ki~~ l!i!p iiJn.d m;llJkil~~ ~[}ndl!!,fQ(Jd if.g m!h I ~~,]mil;lj m~fi !,!I$~ r~l'i~!'1~I1:~ ,~tro!i!l1d hj)~i'd (OSS}. w~tl..;:h ,~ftifli:'lde !i.!i,[l' url;ili)"erS ifinr!l:!,@,<: !iUi'lI~d:\l of '!r!A'i!od fiher:!! till' If.I~lI:!l1'sS'li1i.d::edl III orp;;lis;lij~, 1i!i,}'CJ's r~r S;U:,L"ifig;tli, 1:..t1',t;o!iU8,11' Lt. 1:5 ",'erN l,ii'l:.):pe;l~iSlr\'e_ ,H'ur ~[!r:g~r rorm~", use ~~yw,i1~ o~, (if O:SB because M.Df willllUJ[!i-re: !IIJIlL'ge f![llrm lif.!{i; hr:[!/\!y. U~ M;D:F.~ IfQ r : ma~iil:ir. ,pWi~Gi:Sc.

\"'hen ctiootSing !lUi m3tel1,alis f~r' ~liI!F tf:iJ rrm.

Il'u::!!be ~~~[e thtr ;;!fe fl~t :!md ,!!'(IIid-tNiii1! to plre~lfIt uneven ~_ffIe:li:;; lin the: !l:1IJ! r'~. i' yO!J ~f'l:l WI!i:~I1'_g !pl)tW{)O[I d I' liI'f!;;l;kll)' S\1'r,i,! It lira:!: :iIi :!ltiliDIi.! <linQl, !i,Q:!dI-.fi'(,,(, ,u:re..

:So<liioClt Ir'!ii'~~ ill ~lls'l,litwdsht ~I)riirl ca r.t ilIll~!l! f1i,1r, rnnst.r!llcled rrnJli'i Sty.ro;~(j(iHll. '\\I'htd'1ll.s <I~'<i llable

aii mo~t ]t.mnh~L'lr.ud!s: Ilnd Ibuil!d'e:r':'l ,stJPIP~lI' stores, :Sll'rofo:lin~ romn~ ilir~ only used for p'<IoI'i;llii;;; ~nS!i~,(,' v,ar:!.1I[J,fTfij ba:!ll~' The dense bl1lJildins; ,il"l.Su.ll!!itkl'l'lJ '~1i'll'e wiilll Ili@tt ellilSih 'I"mdeil' the pressureof [II 'Vi1I!:!il1I.II1'I1! b~!!IIJ.~e n;he pr~"'~UIfie' is d~uilbuted ~I} e'Mll'nly, The !;~:!iindilrd whi~t!;! il~p!i;! .!)f, st.¥~(~rOjmt. bI!~'I'ii'~\~i;", .I.t1l(i:f 1'1:1:l>t Mf'l::'[' elil~~l!.igh $YlFilNr!:,

:S~:~'rur'<j!'!J1!1I;<iiW! blf;!' ii.:"1~ 'using <I" d!::!ctitJ<t: bilH'E' or ai,'III'I'L·wlhl' from G!Im~" A holl!·'wlr-e ClIJli;t'!l'r w~ii IFrl.I.d't th~!ilIlIe:h ~hil' :S~;yooj'!:!<l'I~1lJ wi~h{n'Lt Hl;lr.,i r~~,

lit up or fHiiiiig, )lour' s~h.oQ1) '\'irlith s~ir.::ky d~1St thilit C;],!1l! i~I~~~ rO~~I(.\Il'"~k~, Co¥e~ t he surface f1ir th,;o Sl)iITIfl'l,llnrlc'i'~!h ~ ~ [l'ilmm) bl.:!!!1d i!l'''g p!yw:.:!I0d

IQ !Sml'l9th 0i1J~ !l!ncy irr~gyJ~li['ltg~<!!!'!d liD, Ip'rote~ tl'!fi! S~'fra.ro<l[ifj :from d~JtlI1S- Tb!@f11!" g&'t~ !1i1! som~ E(Q¥iroD'lIli!i1'!'libaU !!,"£iqJ('~T!iI!i wHh !'!;;;i.!1,g St]fmfOi;ilI!l., so 00 iil.lF~ 'k!. t:tdkii! .3UI :J!ppropru:atii! pt1!>C auticns, 'Work ~iiI a 'iru.ili-v!1ll'ltiiilit(."(l. wr,l';1I ,[lnd ii:tw!d ili.hillilng ;i'l11i.f [!amilil~.

;Ii; ht;ht~ re iI;.1!I'~r ~ ,e~~i;!mli!llll!l' oi!! wll~ ,lII{Illh ~ !Oll\f" lloina.ge CI!J rl'E!ot Irl!lnruing! ~ilOUgill~ to pnodUEi!!' hc:;:!~~ Thl:: 'i\<'i~ ii~ h~I'd in tc:n~l;m ~fpc:ooC!iJ!I.nr tt.l ~j;I,j~[ii<:1i' ~ifiI wJi!~ii. 'tho Siyro~ii!i! 1:1 hld ~I\ro~!i%r !iI'1ll1dli 1~1ce ill ha,Fjd s<iw.l!;iut' wU:h@YI~ tll!e rn~~, !il'ie ie~~ih Qr ~h~ ""II~ ,,;t~'ellliDll1!.e~!~e' dep'~E1 q.r~lhte !l;l;It t~ wlll!ii cal ii, Imili~,

liihi!!fI!~I~l!! ~~ll!iI'.!Ill¥p!!~ of Corn fTii!millilly oM'.!Ii1~lb)l!l! .:uUet'!. er :fou <2iIf'i, f11!1!I1l;e Y'='IJ r i!f\!oln, 'mh.i:! lkey Gf!loop;<ill'let1t~ fndl!J:C'e.ii1 lo.w~I;Ii:i~ag;e. oc: poEI~ '~I!J!l'ipi,:r [odD oo!: U'5.i!' A'C.. bE!&ilu!l~ '!2~~Iii.;; slhio!;;k csn o mil rh il wire ~ili g!llIlti!lt 5!rn rtI~ il\i!tif1~ well~, a:niJI frl!ll!li>i!o OJ bfiW te hole! tl~Iil' 'Viiiill' lil'Q l'!ti'i~j"On, 1Ihe' 'iiOltl!alil' :5l~i..!~~ lbeb!'.;:,t~il! ~ ~!'Idl 11;2: 'I!Q!I~ d~pl:!'!~ilf!gl'~1'! V!~, ~~~th

<I rndlhicknes.:~ >[Ii the wir,.:, The' PO!M!!1 ~!J,pp.l)! can lbe <liS !11l1ilple iliS a Qa!1@l}',ortwo'oTan Qld ,~hillrg!?~ from aesll phoM,

Mlakiing [Forms for Belnd1in;g

'TI~~'L~ ;fI1j;\~ two c~-t~~)[I;I.'~ 'I)f f[J I'm!!..! C)j' lfTIi;I<kl;:;, Lh";~ iI:~ 11 be !.!I_%(~ W ~P~i;.!iS~\I'DIJ.d i,~t~~ tbe d~~JJr~d ~~h>!iPif;; ~TIt-cli tH~n hD!'.:;!; illl.md~-1' Pf·l;!:iclii.iJl? !'mli! Chi!!:

W~·(] d uri;'::01 iUlicll, !If 11Jt:r;tSSiU~!" Itll~ ~j!B'irBh~ ~~~" Tine nr~t typ<'"- Is, caliliC'd ;iIJ ~i)Utll J(i;i'I~~" W11!.;::h is

m:Jd.c or I i1)dtiljldl~hil] [JkCt::f! (JJmi!l~~r:lilil, :s.tiii!C:'[;:e~ toget:i'lit":!· !'inQl, resembles a '!:Uf\ledilt(i1L':~ ,of woo;j. 'llnf:' seeond 'I-rpe. ~i~ed :II r:lhbeilii. ~fj,r.m, iOO IflSIMS {i r e'l"el1:~1 ~p[lced rib • the ~o:rl;nyolJ du}ose ~'e:~€,l'ldl5 on Ichili :size of the ~r'l)jlii(:;~ 'yOY pl:\ln iii} ,1J:IJ~b., i.hill f;adiQ.!f:: 'CiHh-~ !I:'l!!,r'~i and th~ e~ll,[it~mill'~r 'j<I\}\!, 'h:li~'eunb'h;e ~lhq)p'. 1hiilfll: l1lJ~~ !j:!jl\'-!l'[;ill "!!'o\Ir,i;!!:t~ont5: ilJf eaeh ty,P!lltli~ fOir[lfI4- ] 'i.-~'m dl$I;rli;:.!j!' th;e uses rnrallll~ ~&ri!!! 'OOi:\.~!.F!!Ictki!11! of.lC·ach 'l'afl;l1:t:I~Jrl.

N'Q, nil a'!i:!!.f wh"i: 1~~'ii'C' of far,rIlJ f0~ VDHlt~~ ]f(;!!,Il. ''i.-'Ii'II~~ ;[i eed M m,e' -ex~rill lengt:ltb OIiI:lde.:dr.ll wjd~h, 'u.st1~nJf he-:t\'!,'Hln%· ('I, 2 r,m n1l.)- a !11d! :I. C2:.S.:m), on 't1'lc form because the WCiGdl ,onihe (!,TI:tfiid!e ()f

,tlh-e :f:;;!dilJ50 h as 'tlbi tmv.el :a ~J~:gh(lli !1,3:_r&~i' d'i:stitli1ice 'ttlJaIili ,tilill;~ ;i-I:udde' i~~'I1I'i li1.'!l.!·iJ~m;s -do. \'fRh !:my ~:ype Gf rllrm i ,t~ke eare itt is ~5 ~mglltih :l!!~; :p'os:;iuh~e aedthe i;l1i1;!~slJire Y(il1J aFpl~' h !l'llIi ffCIH:r!,

SOlid :FDfms

Soo;i IIll ,fL),mUi ;;],iI~ 'LlS~~ IF:llr. mlid-w(IIod 101m ~ni]t[Q'I"__". ,~i;C'''m b1l'i'lidil'iflt@:" '.md. OOme '1l<l'r.m'r!.l .P<1ii'ioch. 'lI,~t'!l!~' can heeome tOQ'l-wiae. ~e!;!'!!1i',' an-d !::lJlmibenome r-orwidu J~l!1el!!l,N:!d. ~oiidi fQml!!lC;1I!!1 b!\!!

m~-d~' j)f ~}f1i.ii\CI,g d p';r, Mtl~ :Bhl.d:ied W :j),hQI.!~ ~i~· (l2.Wlm) to 1'" {',§(;!Ii!) QI\~r the d~lF~d widt,h o:ftih~ l.iL~i['jiitioil'.i, If ~~O'!.l: ~F1;! li).!iill1!(IJ oliQlid fiDrr.n~: 'w~t;h S'!:~:Im ~~'!i!d:i~'. 1L'i'~';~n O~l~ for i!Jlf.!.'i?\~:P

areas, :iJl;1-rillPS-. I[)fJ \'\')~".hi c iii. ~iOti.r' tl!lrllilF.. w~l~dl~ ,tan wni r~-b:lLt.1i to [;a Iflur>(' 'lJIIJ ~lniLt !:n~I.jl;1 ",r a ~uFV\i. i'\.lh:io, ibl.l t'1.'t!;;Ji!n c:hl: inioo,d; '~1bt:f~ili'0 pifi1tS!iiild. dO'i.'I·iij, ';If'':!'i !lic~~ th!l1' ~ln:rm tn he~p 'k~~.1! [h'l!' ii!:~i1!i~ snu:e-I'l-u!: ~!'lI';lCt.,~r th~ flh ~I~,!; 1(i;~J!l' iCi'lm;1!d; 'wi~:h 'tihil' ~urfi!!o~

~!l ;l!ny i1;!1~' ;1!!f-\1';). th~1f C1~ blfll~i,I' nut or' r~ld the.r~.

TIri~i? ~f~ '~\}j(J ~ype5i o:r ~Ci!ld, r'QiI'~5-the GO!!!p:!iE"li: '~:OiJ'l.'l1 :llnd 'tl:lti! '~,'''Ci- p:n1t f'Orn1.~ilInd: ~Il~ro. :are ~T.~~~~!!l Cit ~:l~h.

On.e·r~'11t\ 5QI[!iillfl1i1'm~

A ()IIne-[lRII'I; (n,rm us ~u;,>t a bk,ldk ,~·fW'Cictd 'wit h fjT1~ c:unred 5:id~ f,(rf 'l'b.1i' bending ~od to hend areund U~igu:re '1·-[.81-, 'tihl!'~!;!' f()run:::i iI:~ ;madEl' of la)'~.i;'I>[J(f w.i>ml, (Isiiil,g m1!L" ~)f ~M~ "[H .. >\t~md~r t.·Hh« tn;;,!' :]:iI.y'l!',[ji <ire s:hil,,~d b!;!fl;l{r~ thi! ~"t~k is, f1l!~~liint!;[1 ~'o,gei!h~. OV 'I~\~ '[h~l!l:rs iIl.i:'lIi.': ,~t:ac~d fi~l, i11i1,d ~hllil' 1l'lI1t~N srack is, Shil!Jt!l!d. T~~lIil' I<iHN ;iiLiili.hm:l as. f<l,,~i:~r; '1'11~e' lililct~iJ(i(ls. Oi[ cri!:OIIUns ~:aJm'n'iiI~t!J<lUy C;1]'il ~)rC' used !ium;1!k'e' m!JIlt~rl~ I~~n; andi'ib~, needed i'Qf. <!,'I~ ,p,r i'h~i'~m~:!i:~ :li~~id 'Qir ,lbl)~d.

);:Iii,' h il'l1!t!;'I~:];lilH)_do:~-.s~ i!l:!\!~i~ IJI;;!;~ed in b~h~'L;!~rn ~h)1;! I:J,m~!l:,;lt!ii"-". t11r].(i, tl1~,J1J ih'? ii]inli!i![i'~i1's, :l~ ~~fI~ :If~IJ!i!1!..rlI. ~h@' fi::!rm"~Cim)E! tY_pl;! of ';;1i!yl ~~: !'!~!J[!!I~y pl!!i~!i!d on t~!!! 'iJ'u~~~dl:! ~I; ~tilJ~ .~:iml:nfl!t.i.-QJ1J!ii tQ pi"'ji~~d ~hLl'rn (ooltliithu c.l~mpli ;;!11l)[i h~ 11'if('ili.~)' dMr.libtiJ:iil- !:11!l: 'prlil~lirl!i'.Whoo, Iilil'il1i_g diil' QJfI,j;,.-,~rt 6Q]iJ. f"f.JifL fli:ll" S!t(,'i!!R h!l'ndllilS;, tb0.t'~ 11i1lJj~U:illi1f a m~,t~:i, c:~mp!!)e~~.i1:r:!j i1;rb-i.!ln.di!l:g. ~Ir-~p' fI''lllr d~1!: t..\'u:!:idl!i (if' ~hi;! ICU!r~'~' ~;QI 1P:r.(JteGt, 'th!l :stllrf~C(l' ;]:LW ;;!ptplytaw[;l;l:IfiplI;(lr' p~~~u~.

P:,i:gi.iii!O' 4'"118. W&td ill oor& ,I!JI\DUFid a .(It1!!!>'paril !!ifiifdl J~, :!lU_~ ,!!'!!. ,Ih~ Qi'!e ij~~iI ro Iiiiake~he s.n~-t blJit (p.agl!; "i'I);

F~U!l'4!;,.'i'~., lh~ one-part 'form ror IbGn1" iamirtEr~m can be ~~e From ~ ;(:~e._~ I;)~ Ctli'icm.; .:!~a.,pe M !hll tWill;::', Tiki ~iJ~ I!)r ti'ie, Il:la~ ~l,Ild be <i,llleas't 'I!' '(:!'.5cm) in flam ti~e' 'sdg'l!! oi

ihe curse .mdl ab{;illt 1 i, ~2.5c.flIll! 1:e ,gi! 1.7;5c!r!) apatl, 111~ Ii(llos fihallLIiII :1~ ful;!!E;e~ ai the t;;!~~ ~IY :;i1~ ri,!:[;!r.Jg.

Cg~¥ex 011' ICO!1!C1t¥ili

A I)IJ"' .... p;aJr~ form r~~' b!"'fI~ 'lilJlU!:I!atl~)IJ !;,<I'n, l1ih~ tti~hcf ii! ... ~ilit\i'CX: (I" ae~)n~;fj;\t.c: :s:1:i>iIIB:iC- {Fi,~,~ 4,-I:5i)I, S()[fIC 'ij\fI;lIo()hJtO:r];iC~~ :p~!i'R"f th:c- ~llmc.r~1i' :!:ih;aplll' beecuse ~tt bal:! he]p. ~;he' damps to dlstzlbute

uni r"'m~, :p:r,esstue redu>cll,1.il: m,."lfMl bet''iMeen i:'I:~e 1';1)reif.s.Wi~eJ'iI mlng ,Ill -'lQr-wex 1))f;l12~.l}airt fOiJii;, ,Ill

few ,ex~H~ l<'ff'e[;) plaoedll'lfef the hurd n1l!:jlfl,11,l; can dij:;;tll:'ib'u.t~ ,[JL'>eSSl.!'re e-v~mniy. A l!:~n'\fe'J( fllr,11!l: can bemore .e~~U')'l' :1U~de l!IJt1;i'!'1~ fI, dIsk :li~n(le~, so I u~l(IiiiJl~y ,dmo~-~ Uri$; f:I;~io!1, Hrm.:i. ,[II;) m;i;lIi;;11 h~nl 1;!I,Ili1,in~~llrJit!J, ym,!l, 'Wm pi'()ba~lr ~~a[t !1li1l:ll11!Ji;;I~fVB~, ~\~~h bc~H1! r;;:.{I(!lI'l'li!;I: ~lIld g;ll',!;CiW'1il !ih,W~~~ :S;iJ)'~'1,lI 'W~II he illS~I1S; (,Q r.ms wlli:h l~oth of t~ii:So2' s.hillp~s; 1'I1'L}!W'II)'.

A Ofloll"'p-i!iri :il!llliid ~orm can be used ~fls;l.,l'11' <li V-,flt:i.1~H~1 bag as \\'(:U '~~igure 4-:!.H.

F~UIIO,iIi~1.

A. Ofifii-p.m l'or;m !:4'1! be' usad in~kle ,m, i.i1!QUI,)ff! b~l

IlFlgwe 4":l!Q, l'Jie hQle~br '~I\'t e:].~if.i.p~ M~.iJ.rlj: 'U~e damp:;; :!i~ ':;1UUaJl~ -i:c lilis ClIJl'i£"l 'i.lhielil It:~r:p~ 'iIl1l; pl'i!!~~ur~ 1!!'tli!1l..

h!UI~~ miil:Ui(~d

lh (;(jII'1.'~tr.~:':!'I:~a u~n.""lJjllir~ ,~olld rortJi! '!J:!!hi~ ~hc ~iH;ter n1Jel hacli, Mii'lrt by tr'ldl~ )'~Ulr f:lJillr,~~Z1:' ,dlr:~wl iilIg or maidl'iif!l:1iII (:"-i.lPY of U; 1:0 ~ibldi. re tile top (irl:iu~ S~ilIct [(:.sing ,pr.w ili,jh~lve 011" 'iil!,pe. {;n~lIl.e \L~22)" .Nejtj" 'C!IIt th rCll)l_gh_ i;heenUre st:l!a. jlLlst f11.l~~,j de the fumd '~!!Ilt~lne, and th;el!li :lim.noth the te'ilI:g;.e' tD the linE en the :1!t1tci!d.lil'd ,df:;[,wil1lg 'Illiiliiis; iiJ :'>flilldle( tilT," h;iliI~!~~£i-iJJ:!;,

F,~r ::;:!I:t<tp:iliig !Ilia ImYiii(\Ii ~~,m. ~ttL:!Iili~~, .it ITIttIPc~ 10 ~'ii"'\El ill dlisk ~~~d~ niL ;fIJ!l,edi~!/r: !!j1l!nd~r Uilaii will ~LmJ iif) th" 11oi:;ISi1~; {)if thi: r~ ~m (1r.l,lIL'lll'e'4~24). '!iOU, ,~i;l ;)~S_(i m;a~iil .1 jig 1:0 ~~QMi <I, iWll:ldhclJ bcl~ :[;tlf.lder O:li, its slde or YOIIM cam use ll,md tofiil!> to ' fllooth out the ~dg~. '['b ~h;::If!~ t~e irifJ.ide ~;€ !Ii ,!:;nnc.~w~ fl,lum, ~ ~1?!fl~lUi!:' :H!!!ld~lI' ~l!Cks: wl!M {Figll1l~' 4r'~S),

~.9iliiQ ,4·22'. tl' yooim ,~!hllllpin91 sach lilNGJ l]if :fDuFlorm "~9Lii18 ,tili43, .. 'I,.\'Ih(lf1 cldilin9llh8 farm I~ :;oe,p<IIlJh~~. GIU~ pi 1[I1J~;ooIlhEl ~inill,

~a~, 'lI;lart by ~dhgB,l!!rm!M~ (iflh!!! OUiiil!]' '~)J ,a

I~~ til ~lJr ,fgrm !TIcl;;:!~',

FI!!IUM ,4·2;:1·, A d~k ~i:liid'ev ""Flm ~::rWti l'(ilJllo ~Ii!~ 'lh~ ;sn:tir!!i Mfghit,o! ti\'1!; ~'orlil"i at !he :!il!!m:E1 !Imli!i_

F~'gYJi~ 41~~,. i!1~ !~! loJ~e !~:t,lf;;~r' an be Q;:I\P'ie.~ fr>tll'fll l!ie fl~t ~I' by u~jlIg ~ !'olkiwli'ig 'l;tllfFi(i1iIfl'~ !I'i a

h<ln~ j'(I[j!er, -

SillllW'e each :I"y,er. ~p~r a tclf

Ttl ~h:liDi;! ~(tIdh 1~J'~J:" :5~1':!If~!dr, :'0;1;;' [i by ~lt!~d~li!I!t;. ~, .Jt~\-\fl!;lg. (!If th!l! '~ll1r~ ~g. (I(!1~ !i<i:.y'l;:~ of p!yw.~~~cJ

or M OF (f!~ re ,:!."2'~). Nt;c;~'f c!.l_A jg~t o~!~~i~~ lll!~' li~te u81.ll~ ill hi;m,dI~aw, J 1~:iaV!.tIlii~' Ifi;1jJld~1!J'W (lhigl.!·n): ~~:S~l. Snli.'~()I.I.;' ~Ifi.e' :!:~~alfi'~ ,M U~~ .em...-e· ~!I} tilt:' Ihfi<: on ttiie dr.lIw.l~~:g i,ilslri.,g.a ,~i~IIH;Ier ,or'hy t~and .. Th.:] tl:\e'S~ o,r t;l:w bl¥,e'tcS, ~JI1i then b e coJ[;iii~dI .~rom the f'il'8t 13,yer 'Ulsil1l111 ill r:ol~owli:n~ hit IJ.1QlIInt:ed ~n n h[m,clh,~ikl router or .[J: tr.fI'lneil.' t:3tlle {f.iI)Lllrt': 4--26}, The stack cam. !>I;l pm: [om,;J;lth-e.r ILl;sin; n3Ji~~, OJ' s,~[eW!ii' ·~r it C1L1l!! be Hlu.il!d t~)gi!l.:th'llf .. irl,:!~~; m~k-~ tf:ur~ ~;h~H' a'Be no 1r:l';1iUI$ or ~Ci~e'l.'i'~ ill 31~~:l!5: wt]ri~n OY;iJ'U ,:lire [l!1~nJling

~() m:ll:kll .a {:!iN!. or tkulll :il! ooJIl:, Art(',r illl !;if 'the Jaf'Cr,~ '11j:\Li' ;;l.'t~ill!i;:hN1 ~o~tli.c-r. )14'i'l,!l ~li "y i:ij(!~'iiI, ro :!i~ilI(.JiJth th¢ {";[l[gc fi't It he 'I,.i~,t~ ;ill :I I tUIL: br)i~ali!dllli$"

l)rllW holies fO!r damps,

uf ,[l!L1'!d~SS,ilr~I!, ~;ll:m II sene ' 0'[ ihll.)le~ f'oJ)x dilmps: thmugl,llh,e entlre stack at ~e<!;'i.t ] Ii ll,5c:m) jill f.rom t~e edge nif the (curve ~!'I'd abeut :1' Itii~c:m} to .3" (~~5CH~j, rup;i!!r~; d'e.pelli(ln:ll~ 0011'1 the ndi!>lli: ~f the I.:lln,<! (fj~J[Ji,!'" ,1'5H- G'!;!~~l!'.;!iJ[!)",. th~' !iili1ilJiilU!;!r the r,a~ b;!,ji ·of' t'ti'i!i! i~Ulrvii. tim;!' m!~.Jit\iil d BJ[7np~ ~hM 'I1r~ ·~~q!;,l!ite.d ~Q bl:1p tlb)!l ]11 muoilH(m~ a!!lillh~fil!;

the fo;r.m alii;:] p'!'e'verlt g;;1lPs. :EiliCh ~~O~I;l' s:h{)u:id. be' i<l!'S1ol ~noi;.l,Bh to ~;;;cmnlln'(,H.i;.lir~ tlil: :ffl fit of YOiUlrr d@rr~~. 'fol.!c()!aki iilu~ 1)1;[!;c(: ,di1m!p~ ;).i:'r~ss the j~g ~~jjdwl!!Jt the ho i~, but the' ·d!'!mp:ll~!ilOl~kl !11i01 ~~ ~r!p;c:n,g:iQ!.JJ 1!1r to th!l: cl,gn~ '~li1h~ch WOl.:J~d r'~~il!I'!Jt in I!J:IW~fI [!((,'\e~5-'IH>e; and ~~, d"H'l.p~ w~lI!i!d tend to :!<Iip .. r~i;! !'m~i?~ ~T th~ ';;'I~ r]1lp~· ~f111P' ~,;!p ~:i,;;ID!. d:iHIP sq~~re :'Ij,gOl~~5<t ~h'!,'! :si!o!rf\::ic:-e of ~h.e gJl!'!{f1'

:'In~ of tn1!!WOI}7 .amul1,d (I":iiguif!li!' ~.20)_ .If )'011 I(L[i:n'~ il:liw·!l' <'.icl:rl,li bJt ~[1~!1l '!1:1iI(~iL~girl to itFl"~ a h.;}l~ (01" thi.! f'1)ilit of 1.1112' tbmp. tht· b:ack of I.he formJ >t.ilJn I:i:.~¥.!!, :(icLilr'\ol(: thi'lJt Iti~h::lijlC$ th'!: 'fmgjJt: {;lJr",:c" l·h~:l. n'i.~t~.'[.(i<d ~i'H~ ~ljilC1; ~~~l~ th~ .;;l~jm . .p~ P!i::~l;it~ndj~IUh"!.r t(i! '!,h", !l!llrf~o~ at' -rnQ (iL~r"".~ .. 'f~'1l! "f(!!r~~~. w~!II[:'i,,,,~J 'r(), h~ ;,1." (lo,cm} tirl ~'. n;;!.(:m)~h~ck ~CI! ~:iI~ I;!!lf:ilj:!ijln IJll.l?:ri: t!l:! I.:~p froll:!~. nl!:Ki:!~g,

Per.lPendit~~bJI:' Slr,il:!'S'

'If f(l!J.I :1!!L'e llllaklJj[j; a ~olid 'olll~'-J)!lIIIi: {(lml. {(I.r,

hil!"nq l'.ii,mYf!?!~YQm;, ·([tt:lic~ the ~J1hb ltd f;1;I;rJ'~t It,) l!! :iill'IM. Ilf lJ~rW(NJ,rI ~lr j'\,;!Dif; ~n}ll, l'!(!~~'~' :o;;1t~!rt5· 'i}~

15" f7-S'~!111ll~l' ~'.!' UOc!'!l1j II)!lB- ~.' n '2mJ!ii.J-tt!io:;k :stIf.'IJ)S .ix.'rpelldl5(ulJ.aJr tfl the.: ;::Li~. 'l'ilelilll'lI'iiftilirtllons :miU he ilMe ti'ii eesr Oli. l~~~se tii.rfJpii. ~lrl!d tW~e exi.1:':ili jJlillJI1: Cilli'l fI\oIW@lltbei.'!i'l6~n, rnem . .Bcfo:re. i..I:;'~iii~

the fo~m. tit. is a ~©'i]od ad~iii. to· clJver tihii':' edg.~'with 'W;'i); to!) I:H,e\~m :[J'i,y exu~ i~lJe from 1IIuo'Icilin,gt!h& larui IHtt~Ons 'I{) il'1tiJ!1' (QIiITl. {fc'd'gllJtre 4-2,7).

",Vi,} dJ!l!n[l 'Hl;~ ~::ImiMtion:;: lnto a !1l'f!e-lJ:liJt '~1m~' {br,!'t!i" V'!JIU,'.II: 11l'llil!dtfg; m!l:k~ :a f1e.xlh!'ll' C,"i\l!]

·t@ S(l lIIJ'O,m,1 th'il [)l[qt~:I(!~ (bf the a.rrv'!l.'. Ihlf b;mdl I~il"lll he:! j;I'~ l.lrlll'\1Ciiilt the (,;bli'!.j,f'1.5 ~ii:'D j;'R d'::l'!~lns ~h!:l' c~1f{io'd. >ili.d ,[I rl!!~.u~I;.",~.t:~. 1?1r"("Si~'\i!re .if~'(!I~ll'" ;iit,i'll:rl:ng

tlilil' (~rWl' tJi'l):~r: (oliislstli:"Jit <lmilill 1!;ii'L"iiiL'litlng ~aps between DllImifl<iitions. lit <I]:ilO wltil. 'l'te]p, [lil,'CSS ,d{),!\I~l, 'r,!{'OOld iI1her,s. ml, tine ":'UIr.VCis: OUI;eI"!f11I(]ost· surface

:Iliml clfJscot.!irmge~h", iBJ<li fili :Fmm l>pi~ttji18 out, Eiii,g;;!:'i !.lYoil'r'];. jn~id,~ surface win hel~ l,liol.d d'a'W'Jl, fjbe~

en the cutside of the ~:.-lJ'!Ti,Ii1!;!i~"lCi.!'1!w.!.OW j!. The caul ~n be ~r!I e1(j;ro :!ffmim:itio!11! or 'Iw,('j i or' it ~!.l h~ Ii!~Jilde- of iiJ1!.y fTiFMCirijjl fJil!'Kihli!' ;eliliou.:g_!h ~i' lJ,~nJ ;1Iit'(li\HiiJ t hEl '~~'~rve, hyl 'i:!ab;;!;: e~l.Q~g~ !iIl' ~l1:"lp I(;:'!ifl!'nlr ,ciI.i,5;~:rifu,l;,Lt)(!' the c]<'I'Il.1J[) 'pll~:;:lmr~'!'

~\m>:pl.cr 'i!:enter d!ilm.p'

.1 !:Ls~lO!ll~ ~t:~,f'lt ~y l!!P'Il;iyYI1S dLI~ !i::'J.:n.t~~' di1rlilp 'firs[ tITlIIt;:JIb.1' it ;c:1l!'l:ie-r tG! h'!~ll,.jIJ the '!ilffio!JI b~C3~l~i!:' onbl

• ,_ - - _.. -- • - - - - - ;II

'O:JTlo!: h:1!~f !;:If tho!)· CUf!O'~ Ii:,,: ibcil!1g b!'?flt ~t :!!! th'~~~o .AhO'; wfiJ!)[1 ih.11:!:!di[l!S ~i~~T~! '!i'ly~P;: ;'!.Ii ,Oql,(:'l?-. ~~~ !3;~.r~.

wrl]~ 5i!~d~ b]i·,~[IJ~1l! (I~ll!er- As nn'~!il~io~'!,'!d ·~ltlll1i\;;O., th~ liI.y.ei(:!i (liD l~~ Oi!Jt5~cI~ l[if tn!? ',IJ.r1,.O!' wfil.1 [Lot Ii;'!l:ime ·i!Jrol.llll.d :lFo f.at ~'5i t!h.(! ~nrl~iT hlimiF.i,"n:ilDlflS, . .8.)i Ilinl:mS iT!;!' li71~ 'j;jiiifriThiU:~O[jj~: f.fStam.J ,(:'I:iii1fl'~l:n;S, thcm iill. 1.I1·fr 'C'.(mt~r; tin: !crurnii:ililt !omS< at th~ 'l'miI~S ·of th(i J:]!I!~'!j'.1.' \'\iI1 he iilil!.'!re C-1(OO. :a.iloWin.s rOt n:mlili'i;,!1LI !:!,J th~ :!i;lliriif ::!J!:jfj,Ci\l!i:l1t o·r Im;n~.rl';],l: r:t:\Cim, ~'!!>Gh !lll:!d. Add d~"'[:'!t~~ ::JiI'iA :il!ppiy' .l~!~~Yf!l' ~'I,fi;lI~I~1 C'Jo·~It ~\Q' !h~ ,,",I~.cl~ ~:f ~;h~ 'et!I;1:~, If'ttiJ'" GII.Il!"Vi!! S't L":il[Elrt~!~~~ iCIli:nj !1';Lt !:i>loCJ!:k~, ~~i1I 'poJl' 1lIl~lI!d ~;5; !I;::I~]!i.bO di~~Fibl.l~ '1!V-.I!l1. [pJ:!l:!s:sJ]re ~'km~ ::JitlJ! ::u:ro~s. thlJ! 1:'1.'I1imrt!i.QIll~ (Fi!!l ... m ·~'.28~

DjS'i;rfby~-e p~~~lUe ~*egly

l'odJi~rjb!i!t~ 'l!!ll"1'!1~r!;!&·i'l.H-etJD- tlT!!I1 !>;'©~,,3:\!'1l: ~W~:;!I o:r~hi1i ~f¥;;. "'S~ :'I Fi~~~dI i;:!II1;JI1 0'[" [II 'pli'tIJltJi~ m1i'iWr~:ill 'bh-l.twill QD!i!f'Orru~ 't.£i :;i !I;;~r!r;;';3.~:'es~ap~ ;:It th.'I;! .gild! ,;;;.{ tll:ic: {)t~rw. flI"liow the hlln:ilirii:U:ji)iiS, ~o i!ia ov~r;r:dgnt ~ri Eh'lil !(:i,rumps h~ pmv"-'n't i$iI'~in~blatk.

F!lgy"g ,q: .. zjf, C:O-\!ef !he e'lige' o.f Ihe 1I'Joo ""'lh ~'@1"bof:leep the famlrmttcf!:J. a.JPil1 'l.t!e illFm 'Ifcm 81i~ HQ 1QgQ1h_M.

FhllJJ!~ '4~~i!, Dne'f,lart ~~rl'l1S ;'lilow .l'p~ iigr IT!~ny' I:;I~i 'Use' ~i~t: b!o~ to df~~f.e !lnllw p!"(:~f,fi abn9 :oLfJd ~cr'!)~ thil: :Ia."'[i~tb;."[~.

Filg"'fl!il!..3!l),''r~i} ~pin!3i ~ f~rrn, (!Ill' :;. • ..:I1lY f1,l8"l t~ ~ ~l.!=I"~l~(! l:!Ir'!! 1lI1l':!3;tp~ bii!t'I'I'Elilm I~in~!)n:;. Ollill' ~id!3. Q,f ·th!3 ~Qrm is !!i"iEIDn·d 'b ·tIl IPt},rNl:I[!.;i ~a;!3 '!I\~~11I 5. a:d:emIL .. ,g 00'( !J'ieW lli!l!' o'the.r half 01 II'If!'!DIim tD pm\l'f!ll~ it.frmn Iri!iilfl9 up as Ihe c::I~f!lf~ .ti~e ~g!tl!l!~ '!1h~ $Irlp$ ~Q 1ii!:1'~ Io:';"~ip 'Wij!fy11~ 'f![l~ ~[I4 101'~n.,

l~·:l?;illrt :Soillid Fg;rm5l

lw,cl-~Ilirt ~~i~ rnrm~ :;.['~ m;ill,!~ iii! ~hi;i: ~~llL~ '~Y ~!i;; iJ~1!.(_""'p'.tl'~, ~~l:JjJ f,g.rm!);! >G!it:l1:pi. ~ l~:rh~ t!nJdt ~md ~m!i~i,!' ~~~~ {ifij~!lli~ ~~~},. 'iNs i:)!JlIe· ·i;lfF.j;~~m 1;(111 take ,'it least i.wi!(:e 21S lUifi.g 1.0 mi'iike:, but n !sliTI.lI,ollo 't;iijlr:!o::oC'r. to rl;l$'~'~,t.'Id ff'fJ.'U·IITS ft:W:t:~ d:tim~ makllit It a :gutld. ~1~!l:Iltlf: iFn,r liii:lllUp'rt curves,

The :tnslde or a i:lIirve :fOIL' a [w'O-P't:II':t ooHd f'O I,'m ~~I1I,be harder to sm,om:h om. e"l~~ H 'jlO'I.I th ave

:[lj :spilltdiie .:l'.il.lIlid~lr, Th~ li;llIsi,de tlnd; IQ:r;r:t sid,i1' r';llitlli i, mlJ5t tnn.1Iit:!:h the- oC'~1f,\!~ ~~cdy an d must Si!l:lOOUI!lIt rrlJ~' UHf thj:c~11I~~ (If any Ihhrll!k~t ~ flr: :~dfi tn i;iTdll!r to de-cm;~oe ~he ehances S;ilp:~ wm ;la;JiI'Ii'~:r hctwl.!!:.!tt ~ifr~rf,;. i.\1!«"~", I r HI!..!' :I<I!f;Illhl:lldcJJlcJi. :iI'rt;

i;'iO,t, :ril~ 't~!:! cxaet t hldkliofr~:;;; .lln~I'i(l(~~J, ~hl: ~1i~t~E! iiJi:lid !)!!i!~~1 de fii!IU win l(i;0<~ m .. tch I,iI P" wlhl.~h wi I I: ;ail:~w ga.[>1l to f'Ormb~twl~en thel i'Jimi ~llIi.es;" More O),mpllCii1t~d1 r~:rms al~(lo CillO 'be mi1id<L1: to c[;'e<ite oOO'mple% 'CIJ::r.\~ th'L~ are OO!;l(;.iIl:Io'e Otll OIIH~ end. and 'm'J'l'I~ Oali the ether,

Fer the t~\~-'p[iirt solid f'Q:fI,ll.; 'u:sin:g tnrl:' {{loOt

,of the !;:!I;aI11.1l[l!, :ilttach thoel'aminate5: to ·tiJw ,,,"eT!it!e':f' {If th~ ~m!il.'1~'.:(' ~id<l!' ~J(' th~ f'r.i:rm. T~i:); ct(l:!lil Pi ''l\!ill, n'l!'i:p k12~' trn!<! lem i'r:ltilil.iJl"liF1~~n~i!tE!'l f!lf> yt:J'!iJi 1b~.g~iJj, b~ llppir tD:J!~' ·llr'e5Sl;l!r~. Th~ 1"Ii!ililf1,ilit~ ·~h~~!>lld be

Ij Mdi up rJot1 ~'i1 e il::l:1id~., ,l}ee;11'l tl} !piI.Illtt~1ll It'IN{)' s;ld,ll'~ to,s~tll,ll'r u.silf'lS d.amp,", Wt~em: fn!l: {)(JlI1;CiliW skl'!.1!

{If the fOirIll reaches th~ (o.oi; (lr 11Tii~ :first d;amp; r;el!lln,~ itt aad !l:~~~i~!il!l: d<!!!lllPiI~ll th~ ~Wll f>id~',Il Q:r the f'!lxm 1itJ:.G~~l!e~· uruil U1!Il:!'e >!Ire no !!:l1P~; b~twe;g:n l~mif!<lJtilTI(n.!l' (ifi~re ·(t~3!JJ, 'YQtI. [ri~'!f n~li!(l to 1:O{j~~iy' ·.;:La!i].lIp~:h~!!1"i;lI~h~1i1: ~;i~ oOlf the FoiFn;i d01V11 tie! ~ '~~J'wlil'od b~:;~ ~C! ke~p i~: f!'tiil'Ji! :r~di1![; ~ ~hl1i :r0E'.5~ ilJ(f '~.hil! d'illm[!!!i ~:r,e t·itgM~I.l,"cl. Sb:i[p'S 'I!!:(bl'ndiine; H'7ILI't thii: ftJ!rm.~ ~lld~n!!l hillil also Cilri1 b·L.' ii1ttadi1.'ri: tel tl;~ H"~ .oJ tIt!:: ~r)rltil's :G1l'rut1ld h;tl)f, rhii!i will hdp '~~'\I~ iIlr~.~tyI hing :11M. :MildJ ili:vt:rn,

I~DMn.'(t fll)[,li1I1!> ,~,itE' r:;:tI:n !'jtri.i!JI;~d of :ilr'ldivid!l..l;al tUb:ii '~P<l}I;;~J 2;" (!5j,;m} t:Q 6" (].,~O;;:r:J1J :<lpii1r(! lhri;!' ilip~o;;-hrlg ~~i:tit~f:'I.!i ttl) th;~ t~'mHi and millk!l's' ~hL1'm :I.d.e:ilil

r~n making b~l~t p:ali'll~l!l wider '1tiliiJjl~ the h~fI~ ~ilInll'lJl,iilU()n:!l dieSlcr.l.bed "bollj/!::. CUbt~u::d flilJrfflls can be made of Q I!];~ Pr' tW9' IPmt~.

O!!!!l:·hrt. Jli~,b~,dFo!t'm!!!·

O.fo!·I;-P<l;rit· i[.'~b'bll'>d tQrm~· '';;~Jl! b~ "'Sil!d ~I;JI fo:!"m b~I'!Jt [!iiI['j!i!~ !;Imi:r.l!M:i{l!1!;5; i!,!5'id~ ::i.'\F.i!!;;;!!!~g1 b;i:go lhi!> pnDIl:'ll~;s. iis ml!'tn!d to :UiS· ttJe III1:siihs te-dl~iqtl!!l! tF.iI.i!Uf~ 4\.,1, rn). '11iiJ';;'~ii (ol·.m~, !;:fin he !1]!!i(~J t!J< b<'ii\1.I p;)Iti!lIs: tnl a 'Wi'tl'tit~; of ~·li1.[lip'~S: i!I.tI·d Sl:&~~.

F.O;f:' m.t.!'.r!t' !i:Oillilpik;1lI:!!'J ~~f\'(:S" ~,ti:1Z11 ;1~ i11l!:;' S, !:!;,I~',!,~ ,r,;r r'h-e W ;md ~J~r;J.1 'LLnl~fl JiIl8crgboo :~n -ch ;JJ[n~.r 7', "'~'Il!!'ll; .P;mt!lls:~~1 ,p!J1!P;liS'l1' 1 ~t5.the C:(I!I,'m C;1!i':I b~' OU~!loli!!lt!l· d1!i!l' ·~~OC!.'l!.l!lri bi1l!ll:. ,[.!"its if! J,m!!llwJ~ as thil? ;Quits:fidtl techniq~!2'_

A f!i)fm LL5ed !~'\j~d~lhi)! 'rn~l!I!iI'rTi1! bfll,g'~mly J',iil)\l;jd~, ~~.~Ii! ;!ii~t!' h.e'l;lII;IiS€ ~~iil nillg wi II i\:on!fipii'm ttl thil!' ~~~p~ {If U~~ QI!i!~:::;Jd~ o£ ~h~ ;t:I;!,Ill-g., ~Um:in~ttll~, ~hl!! nillill'd, :f!J,r' ilw Itop hil'if (lIt the fi!:lnn (iI''1lHl'e 4-"3:2), A '!';lI.;;cU'I!I·r.fi p~s pmdMCI!l:J>.1ll pr!.i!smLrill of 14.;' p©u!n.d'!l P~[ s{[ual'lI!' Im:h" or'~],'I' po!;md:ii! per:S(jtmre-roO'l,;, ;:It: !li~~ lew.~_;~e$~; [!il,~~~[,e on 'Qn~ $~ecH!c p!ll~!'lt i'hi,m is' proQy.md by some tK:Hnv,.,ty.p~ p~e~efii and !"rg~ d:[ljJlIl,F~' A ftlrmr~, ~_b~~~}I: I~'!!'e~!!l ~:;m

b~ m.!ltliI~ ~lsil!ii.Bi f-tlW'Wf nlu IO:~ it: 1;<1:11· ~ oo~~~~d;iI;!d Jf(l:P;~ .~ Vrin.i!11f .;i!f ol!:i)el!' irnJI'!~ri"!5',,

FI:IH!lJe, 441.. Usililg) 1h1!:: illl'9idlJ

'00 eh 11 ~ a!l~ b attlJlil.c fu:1m il!fl!lS la:m~i!l.1e'S al,e: IPlao~i:! IDlIId'e 1he ~tJ.j1!llJli'l !:lag\. E):liaustm.g 'the' .8IT plJ~S 14,"1" !l.;:loIJl!ltds per ;sqU<:iFe tncl1. of ptreo~swl'!:cn!he lm'iiflaMf'I,.

FU'gur'(i 4,3fl...

FI7im11 ·f.or .~~ '!'lll;lU!..!nlI poosa ~Jii1y .Ii~ed OI\;Il!

~. bE!(',flJ.!!re '~'!e b~ iXlfif~Ji'I~ tQ !ffle ~H~l\!;itJc i:lil the curve, The, :;!;rid 01' .$a'ff e\!~~ ru~ :;il of 1!he at-

io 11(1'1'1 to t'1Iie: '€~ . p~d ({If In8' WGLlurn pump,

IF,i:a~'44~. ~~h

ItiJEi ~ljtGid'il1 :rod-nil~lJ(J'i '1mlj' '~hl]' tamililE!lt~ ,i:lf1]' piB~i!!:d ii'lthil IbJ!I,9 .. li~G! kiffn ~t~~ ool::h:I(:, The two dmnp~d i:Jaltll:ll:i1 hl;:i!d.lhe 'CI,IIVe '!iI.9!!J.i1~1 ire r:Orrn.

UnIJo,'_ ,PII'(j::ss.'I;!!f:\J;l' !!!! ~m'd~ncy

W~t m;j!jk~ v.aCil.iiI;l,i¥i prus.s:lng itI) JC,m(;I~:hit f!ilf liCl1tHlilIg ~il{], vtflltC'rl[i@ ;1-£ 'the !!iInlfoi'gJi~W 1."1-[ pxcfi:!lm~, The WlCUI.DTU !l<ig de:riv,gs Ii:~ preSSlllre tF.rulli the :l1t r:i1oop'her~ ;I],I;'OOJiid, ~t tj[')'~11ig, to ;~~ :1 n illI"t'er 1II1~ ad r hi] b'I1'J:!'I't :1'<~l"TIl(W~d from thL': b~g, The effei:~ I;;; simllar too the '~1;\',1iIter IPRS5'!,Ilie rOiLII, reel wl~m di'Mn& .de~p '!!mdel' 'W,flItu. 'the' PH'!,Ij~U,re comes f~cH;n !!ilil, .d~re.ll:ii.tJiIl!s; 9P' 1'h,~,I"i:. if. Il'io!) d~rr'ceTmce il1l, p~m~ti!' :!I(ppl~i;;:dI ~u t:he t[]p. 'Im~~~un, (If '!iicliJi;!'S cf:iiI ,I; !.I 1''1/1.'', ~rhi!i is ~al~1 I;tl'U!!:al ro~ Jl;;rli':}I;i!il~,:S a:!r~·~!i. 'W ~r¥~;5:, ~(IiI~n'lij '~U.J'ili'1:i. or ii'!l1iyuiihiiii" ~:r'pl;l of :sil;pc I'i'llilii OJir'Ii'C: b<l,{Ji (j'.I'I ligeilf. ·,1~i1c.S~ [ih<!:pr:~,

~ di«l;Q1J It 'lI:! PI'!J!it'L1~ ~s'I'i1g; tr.tilitOC!Ii1ti'!!1. dl1mpio!!l 11f1,'L:'llliQtt~i' 1~1~1:t ilirQ' easy !JI~Jl~l the nC!JlJt:li prii!ldpk:

MId the l~rnC!l~~~ d~c!libi!]d ii;.~'~r,

~Q'r the ilMiid~ t~rch~~~,II!!~wh~~ th~ ~[Jrm :1l!1'l'd th~ I::!!min:l!t'~s ~~e p~<d. i['l!i:ili;l~ :rh!: b .. g ;Llnd p~~S'l!! re

!!i ;:Jpl?l~~&, th~ Enisi" f'O~m it;; m,n,(iJl;! I'"' D"ll",.;:h '~hJ;! !i!!.!1li1i w,ay '1!i ~11ii!' two- P!i!rt ir~b;'beJ form ,dJl!'S;;:ribl1'd on, p:il&ii! 60.'" but wit~ Oill]Y -Dllie ,~I:£" Tile ribs I(;!U'I DI;:! P.b~ild tl!P loft (I, $(;111) iil:p:lll:t i!lrtlJ. ilIi"~ lDt!t\l'IIitrf:di ,vi!.I] t'!io'Q :ial'<lf.:i, or ~i' UilJlTilIiillj··,thkk bll:nciiilg, 'pl.iy'!!fli.l~J. CO;illMu(:t, lili! f!J'~niI so th(lff: ~i'(lnO a1.r' 'F!'CiltIi:~~t,'S if~~ig,ir, j'lth~n"l'i~ tll"1l' {\()~n. cm.ddi ~U~[)!l~ '!Jit.ld~I,' th~ :p:!I!:ssMr!i;i' f.i~ '!'h!l1' '\~a!!l!am i ~,~ s!.u~ W :1I1"1'L111.-d. off :m]:'~h~l:'V !)dgll's Ci:r ;CQm'!1':rs ~l~~~ 1:"iTh~bJt I?i~rc~' d~~ brtrBj. U :i:~ Ibi(l",~t: ibD (Qn!iU!!,l;;:~ th't!' rorm, [~lr thi!' ~n'l'1!r.' sid1!l' ~f th@ (;~r'!o"E~ ;£' If!~~ibl~,lpo il!Z!!~ thil!',,,;"!<gI,.lYI1i1! creat_JI!::II JJ:1IIJ-I'·1! ~lriifu['m i~LWI,'""E",

'Na!1l 'Oil" ~crew the :nbs

The' ribs :for ttll~ typ,~ oi' j~gc:,m, lb'e nailed

uf' ~'"t~-iI\rerl ~,I;II a hOiYl:N;1 wi~;1'n IU$;t II!, f~w !!;'~(1J~

rnern hers tQ ~t~biJiVl: th~m. T'I\;'(I l~f~F!'> .)If )~" (lOrmn) !,H:hdjl!lJg; pJyWl(llo:'pd csn i;i~ ~t~~d]l;!d to thil! r.~b~: w~i,h a nall :g,t:illii or !/IIiIth, :g,;;_r,t:\'~Si hotl!1 ttl'hElp :stabilize th,e r.lJb:s: and ta, ij,r:I, as. :i. blilii'ik~~ [or the 1.il1l1i,l~Uli,~s tu rest lIn.

:1£ :!i'i)'L!. ha'ole 'ill '~~ry tllilm, light !{irm, 'l~cru L::!IIn SIJ[l!pOI1 II: hy p'II1Glng a sraaller bil~ thii:lt has aeeess to o !J!t\l;h:lle' air 1n~ide' ~tLe \'acllll~[lll~ 'The out~doil' :ail ~ ~hf1'm: rushes illl to :pin~h ou.~ 3.gRil'!st; d1'!l' g~l~idil .gf the b';311. wh,li!;h ls l,I.JlidJil"1: the ;f!(I rOm. 0 ther typi;!5 oi)fo''bj~tSi;'UI 5'~["'"e ~ !!! Iorm dilJlrll1g t:h is ilri[)Ce~ 1.fi.CIi!iJdl~n,g <II ~:a'j;jl, a b~'kJ:.l, Ilr 01111/ ~lI!:l!(:r Si~(j(l!t'lil t!hl!J("! ~'ha!, '\'It,111. fI:i, bjt5~J~ ~:~~ '\ia!(.l~I.I!;It!, ib,a.g,al'ltl tlien: -c.a.n h~Yt!' ~~~, i)i~i ~Id(:-Ol ~. Lag jl!~ai(:,!!:(illrn~~~ itt"~

1F~ 4"'$'1, IUSifi81 ~ ~fet~rbJe ~sh i;:~ 'to .J,!~irIfJ the ~1!I1~h:j1ii' h:~ctHl!qillrt Oifid akm1> tlt~ I<illii~'.I; b bend! wiil'iia mi<:lta,!he Ibli'9'

¥LiJ;1.1 C~U1I !l!lli'i1 b~J ~3.m.eh and ];,!:liIlina~i\j;Jm, ~n5ii!l!le r!j, V!lCL!um, b~1'll wi:tnCllI!!t putt"l:rlg the fmm ~ I:l the 1OOg.,1b:f lI,:!i.~if!g thFC' m,ilt~ldJ!: t~!C'ht:1iq!J'e' p,!S:!.! re 4-33), ihl;i k~'Y to njil'ldftl:!ll'thl:5IM'[Jl~k :il> to rep~'OI~ till!!:' <5ll1f1" M Il'I'iLrnlill;[!' p:La~,1il1i tr~!!lIliti!J!IiI:!Illy !I,Iiged iril~;>i!le 't.ij:]iI:~ ~ wHDJl ;!!I fii!I.;lible I']ldZS!h tna~ ;a.[IioWIii ~Jl'1;j ,a,~~

00 ~ilp(l rrurm, th>~ !Il:l:1t IJr.'iIl :surbre of dlil':-llag, pui~i'lfI,e; ali of i:~C' li!l)'Crn tog";i'h!!l'r.·y,,'h~~iil d1i!l' b"S ~ma;It'l:s ~1~ii~l~ (~iQum 4.;34), iI,iite b:ll,g,~ifl th the ~!!imhl;~,b;m In :lit !!:~fi tih'll'lTl be h ~nrt ,rnr.-Q'Und !!! ~Qml,

S'p~!~gu~ lime' ,Viro~J~

'Tl:rlis ~'C!'!;;.h!iLii;Jil,]e'WImb WE!H to.~ f,i<f!r,ViJiW "'trup~, bi:"';:","'t5'~ :it S:Pi?~!i llip ~h~ :1i!"O ~~!i' ~J1;-cl :r,,,,dki!©1!S, ~h~ !Il1,llPi!b~'[ (]if dilimlP~ [i;'qJuire.m" for wid:I!T ptl!nlj!~~I' rnit~idil bl;lnd.lii~ ;}~I[)\W; }'tH:ii t.o (1i:'!:ilit(t ii;hi:lp~~ ~I~;i![ ;simpl,}! i,vI;..~!i>~~ pf.i~:~ibll!i' :i~ the' :!>i1fHitli.· l\Orn(:d:il.ll,iii'i,~ .siZiil" :!<lltIJII ~ust !iiJ f~'I!;' l~at.ii~, I it'ii(1. d:lffillU itt 'tlr.'tJng 'i,g, m~\h' a l!;'('I' !!:h;lip~ 'b~rl'l!1'\i1: thij!!i: ,PHi't:Il!~ C;1!ffi'il' :1i1'(IInill'. ilwJt !l!'lW ~' 'C!lf.l do 'U~ '~:l~~]Y" 1:'ihA oo(!b;!1!iq,lJ~ h~~ {I fi'1l'1'!!(iJ ~ w~~ii1Il!1,l' li~ of !;)il1Ifl8il)l~i !i~ {P~SU~ 41.35: ::nHI, ~,~3'5), ] n :JIdldi~bD:n 'tl!ll dl~ one-, ~;I!rI!; I~Qbll!'od! :f,o:r!1l1 the fil:i~mi!: fQr pl;.i!t~J!l;l~ be!ndli.!lg can bl!!! ~1[l.rthi:IiI!£i, Ii~~"l+ t~-:p;Jirtfibb~, folJ\r~'" to :Ii fllW 1R'"IiI;k,.liI·~Lkks ~);j!' ~;UDcllIll thl.:.~ :5'n~pe of trn~' CIIID.'lil.

~Ol!fa 4·~5"

Thg ~ide Ied"!Filqme .;.,19; f_i ,!,~j>.jm ~ag ,110 Id~:I'!l 'fu~ shapaa auchas ihi:i W 'b:ibIEi. HecarJ!i1!i -rhil!i sMp9 i"I~ rn~ny ~iif.(!;FQf.I~. ~I;ll'l'fi!!i!" i~: i::;, IlffiHi~I.M'i.u Gte. Lming' a!llll!!;r ifml!!lMoo,g, Thi5 com..¢ij!:'" 'fC<lil'"pmt .befiWri!:l f'O~m r~q,utn':~ ~ ~ruil[lii, bay and d'arripiS t~ ito1il !he raf!lli!li[ltm.n~ !o p'!;;.:~,

TWo ·:.P'<llft R~bbcd! ·F(!;r.n~i

Two-lPa(~. I(ih~]~,d il[)[J!1I$ a!rt: m!l.-iI}E ·With 111ll1ilj~tm~ fg!1ll~j~ ~;idil.'"~ 'rf!~\II!P: -i.:37}.TI\i:ji !)I'll!!;! f~r f~3JirTli >c.~t.I b~ !.!I$~i\I if! ~: \·~n.~I;'.r rtE,.""~~i' d~ m!~d wil.h ti1j!.:k ea~]l!; "l;{)J d lstrlbu (e U~t' pfl.'SSi..I:f'C' c'l'~flly' wheJ~ a We;Uirl:iif" ~.ilr.~~!i. ~:!: ~:'iO'C. ~1'iliil[Lilli·I:e.,

M Q,st tWr;]J·~.ri: ;~Ihbeilll fv Ii' ms. are ijHlJdc i)y aitlIH:hing ~. series or ~v.cnIY· :.'!lglilif~d il'lb,s·:pil:raj~e'i

to e~chother~ ii.!ind !::O'~rlil'l1Il.hem wUh :rom.,~ ~yp ~ of blitlliket 01' Pilei Ii) span ~h~ dtst~jl~!: b,ffi!AlI'~1Il: the ribs .Bind pfQ\1ii(le a smoo!:h, 8l1ir"fail:El Jor lh'ii· 1~'!lII:IM!·UCJr!,!:~ to .~~~ !.!i~Clln, lh~ 1:1!~'f.s; i;lri!l!.\L~mdt~l' bl!! l;a'rnuna~-ed 1!!~' pitu:ed IWli betlJi/"~en the 1J~.~I.[nIarl!d I~JWl!1i' l:tah\~~ M ~Hi!;J f(:if"lno" ~.Ii1,d 1li!r;S~i,Jjii'!!,:· Is illilfJ;.ll!,:cl W!ilii:1f! ~.nl:! ilIdlill!:::$~~1i! h!l:~."!,J,7C'f!il1I E.h~ la¥(ii!i> ;!;I.:~s., ~hc P'I'nd [is ;~ l;iwl!-d~ ai"lct.l: H !i!'!ahilt{j.ltii~ I~fi. ~hillj;!'!!,

,l'tem~mh~r, when mO!tlng <lily llel1dill~ ~(!'~m :r()~,' a [p:illl'tel. }l"O"t.I~ll1lood ~)i} mt.Jiil::e Ii iiJlliJ.out. 1" [l,5r:::m') !,;,Ih:le.r on '~2!!i:h end "i:hal1l ti1.e rtnl.sl~ed. iiD,il'ifi.em ion. or tih~· plill[(lel to 'i:r~i:e ~ p::mcl. th;!lt Is a li~JtI~ {Iver~lz~d on 'iN!;chedg,-e. l:1'w: <ext ra. wld"! lit ;'!.'llo'W'i Y,(il!.ll tocut the [JI'lJwil, clean !!;ftell' ~t driloe~ to' 3C:'::!!lIlIIliIt fc~· ,a.mry ~5!hifl i'!:!g Ilh-al, n1.(.i:JI !:Jit:~yr ~s p~!i)~lJ.rri! jf> i1{1liP"llif!1IlI. A~!iW, UI k!i!: in!)[~ ,j!j;~lnt tllii! thic.knE:!:~s

of ~hi!!· bl~iI'!b:~s ~lIld dl!i;!" Ji!m~!iJ"Hgl~ j't;s:df w~"'1'!. ,1ete:rmjilll~!i!l thi." r.adii~ [hr' i:lir.': ·uppC1' ;];[fu]i,{lIl,!,l\JJlf (li.Tr~ becaese the t'WI"J r'll(m wili be dini~rCi~!:.

F"~gi,if'E!i· iili~: l~wlljwQ-p~ p:ilnei-:bel1dill;.gfo[TIi!;i Iil~ :ill !ieliel;: @'! ~~ ·f,OF .~l~ure' ~;:I: ~upp~ W-aw I!; :nfI~hed lMii~!1! t~~ top "nell bctkim. ~d Pfll$~.e lis. appliedL

IF~!.!ro 4 ... ~e,. ~~ ptl)l"t)f (:~FC !)!'eil fll1:~1!) ·';rr.~ ba iNilSUro h pilH:~.Hli :rib i9. ~.;rlill D9!:'iIJUG(l it II> 1iIQ ~G!Jrc.e, of all alfi!!:!J libs._

1?':lyw-(J"~ Ibiiiln.G:S' '~$!I!:

W~ c:.;tslll"!;'. ~o makll.:·t.\J,!'O-jlilliil: .~~fTIf!'~ lor ~\Ii.ltLcl bendlin.~ out of pi Y'l'f(!!Od 1bC],~iWI se MDr form:s call beeome Quli:e heavy. mmlP~}~ attaeh the drawing

to a Il'iece of phl'Wf!~d Ill~in,B '-l)I:,ay· .00dh~w£: or ];I!i;j:!i~kiUi(1!I! t~.E'. U5e @IJiOd-q.Il!OlDiii:y· gi'tf.!!!,'o!l1!d ·wull a stable iill1:d! 'l!\'Qid-·b:eecoL~. Cut iQ\lle·:rib tlQ U5e ~,\1, )\"'i;l4.H· ~!!ilit!j!rn 1!Y'i,th a ba·oo ;S~W· (I..~ 3! J igJi~.'I',t. Th>en, ;!;im'D!I)'.~ i[~ill ~~~. 1l'o11tt;'~n "With ril(!S,i:<J;5i(i1t1;, ;!i11"JI iSSindp>i!F,lE"t. {P.18g ~ 4,.38). 13<E~;:)I!I!i;~ YiJil'II·lJIiiii"!- ~hi~ rlbl!~ !j;~-itt~ oHu:!y rib:;;, ~;ilk!i!·I' hI;! ~.lI!ll!.~ ItiIJ~i. i~

Just: lr~~. '!l:Q1il ean n::fl"i'ii!1l thli: r.lb ;JJ~ }~l' (:i;)Il~:->i:ll:ll,~t it. SIShi aikH'Iig ihlii· curved nIW~'i'il:h ymn C1fil" I: l:t~ ~t.i .. mdl U~e sm(l{}'i:I~c'sti'li'l.'O"M .Cl'ieas!i Itg curve r~II1I~ij;~ frl)m :rd'i~!!rI!!l: by Il'ye f!1!t·hll!f than f~]~:awii~lg; ii!! dF;!!willg i!l:il1:<!!ct~\. Irmri;~clIIi!~fJy wh"".1'1: yoo, irufe W"JOfklflQ w~h a ~1I r'~ th;,j!.~ ls [;IQI ~ 'O~I,!!iP"~ CII!Jn'e.

cWltln th!~ ,g"OlTjs"ti!"!lI!i;:tirr!il, YOII,{!.I1 rlii~il'd .~!Il ,d,ct~fmiri!~ how m;~!l"}' ~~b~: }'Ci~. :r;!i!'i;!d .!i!l' !§:~D!" ·~hq ·d~~rro wi,dth or the lPii:tl~.L . .:-\.1.[10.,.\1" iiiD:!olU~ :2~ {5<;'P'I.J b,,-J1:.\'!"~'!Bn thi! :dbs fur i1In)i' f,"'fm diM gU~:!i Jm:to, iii '\l\il'i:i(:(jf" pr.L;8$ .ali' is i"1.S:j.'1!ll; witt iii, (hltrn .. p'~" <lli1id ajiQ'w

tLJi, to 6" (l'5(;m\~ ~@:;"ldll.B foif:' .~!l:riliri£U:~(J,J w~lh a -oocl.lum P."I)~~~, Al~© ;1'1 j;nw ill l~tJtl~~l{trrn "\'I,1ij,dth. ~~ 1.'i1Jl1:m:ro.n~d ~;1!II':l'iil'r. C!i!luntlh.~ .~;):tt~m !l"ib ;l!~ nl~ii1' i1f th~ :r.L'b!!l 1I'ilh~1"li ii:i"i!nstr!.Let.hLlll:t:h~ (WI~l'in.

O:nl~ !the db5i :iin!' "l!iIt :md ~·I.llapecl. ~hi;j!':f· ~:m 'b~ Jo.k!!i!'d ~!O!\\,e1h'l!'~ II"! ~~l~ ~r !:'ii!1J w":;L~r.!i. ".rne tf'.J,d:L1D(!l[l1l.il J1jl.l?~hQd isto fi.r5't dllmF' Ull~·lo'l\;"ll!r

rib:;: to.~~h~:r and then '1::1Jt (lj ser1.iI!'S (Ir (]iJdo~s l:Dl!'~'lJ4lh ~h(!m" Bi}c~ (!,~~ :l'hL'JIyM bl1! ~h~~\fid'lh filJ:!J ~1:lJi~~_,!l.~fio;; ~l.f th~ :I;(lJ i,.JI-'~~l[,r! IJ rlii:fd ~b iifi: 1\'li~a Ig!T!! lih~m, ~(1 m(;!~,e the F~rrl'n1 11II~!i!h ~lill! ~h~ HI<IJ' :a,~d Ubc ~rottDim. T~ew soUl.d·'I!;\(jmllj;[)im:is: ;al',~ eLl~ [0 a I~rl,~h elj(J;ai: tu ~hi: rlf'l~l 'i'!.'kI~h (~f ltulC: r,~r,i'ii'l, :3Itld are u81];all.y ~l!h(Jut :2.'" [0 3" {5:C,ii'l te '7,.~m:1 'i\!ldl~" Jhf.:':t' ;a,~il: placed about 6'; (~~!::m) ,~Pi.Ui1: along tot" top ['lilld, ibOI:t,QlI,'I1I 'Cif lli.e (or.m;. i'i~"cl. one Is set Inl:o eaeh end of both ,sld:e-s ,of tlhie form,

Alte!1,I!l;aUII''e :melh~d

A ~i!ln1l'l1Ui"!'elr. '! he h[J(ilH~~;~~illingth~ ~illk~ ean be Ilt~f:lch~ tu th!.!lJli,J tsiJ!:.:, !i!d~l! oil[ ~ht': ilill'll!i 1.'i'lt'ht)ut I.)dng :jJLl:! II:n~(i ded(,:\i fR,gi:!iifi)' 4-~9l\ The II D"~~ bTi!l¢hod m;a;kll::Ii the fiLl;~!ii! ftrj(Jir~ s,aih'l!C: as e-ad!,rlh comes lilllto fllTI CCl!l'iIt!1li:t ''I\I'Uh tln~ surface the f~I].'m ~s 'placed on. HO'We''\Iier. ! hl1we fG'!.md I:hat jlf 'tJ~e dlstanee ifrom I;bie !::UrY£: tu the GlIItsBde of the II'Ub ~5 ,g;~e1}t e:nou:.I1lI'i. tihe form w,i;l~b!ll' 5t3b1e erlo!J!!!:h ..

III

• •

•

..

Fm.QIUi!!' ,4i·Q9, 'Y.~LII ean ji;iil'! lti'i! r~ t.;l! 'I.I~ [Or,,! .... i~!'J, tJ~m~ ~;He~EI '~I;i U1e olJ~l-de edg-::: 01 'itJ.eiilils.

r (

IItpii!l 4-4G. G ilIide tl~ ili!1rp ;i1'E!i'i'i!nt tl~1! 'twa hll;l.~5. ~f'li1t~ f~rm B;rn;lI~ Il!!rm~e!;i Ui:)!lI'I $!idi~9I :(!:rQl,!lml.

:~11I either case, j.Qin the :r[!tIs Ilio:gelher tlsltlijt the' 11(%'111:'[1$ 'I!!m!J ~,re-d!'miY!g !11! or the hiJ!~i!i t!"N pr~DI~, th~ r:ib:'O frIl~l~' ~pmti~~~,!,I'~ii!ce 'i~J1i1_p~~J:;!I:tj! ~a'~WJi bl()~l;;!> hdw~. t!ioe: riJb'$ ~!.lJfi!qg~~~mhir till t".ii:tillJire iii, iJi1:1 fl)mfl (U:!lt:ailo[;1i: ljH:i:W~~ih ,t::iJCh r.~Ii, Y~i;a ¢ilf~ mt.l:l;;~ jlililt <'II f~wMoeb:s ,illrrld reuse ~l'f:~ (".aJe:h [h~~·L" ytIll. adIl11 a fj,fithe.[' I~ib~ cr 1/fili I;iln~ I1lif1lk~ nnil:I~,y :l5}il!::~r~I!J~I:,'s i:lll,d i1i~~:a£:illhoC'm ije~!i\IIeen the r~lb$.

F[gllf;~4-41., A~te;th ~"""fO' OY~i!ir ~liups io iM~ fCllm~ bo,U.om h3!ll and ,OcAt: ~lil\eli ~t~p 'btl 'lhef.orm'l; 'l'Gp h:ilIJ !O Olif;i!i!:e a ~e!'ot ihrcll:. The ~ltlpa· hill~ ~'ii:re Ihi! fm!'l'! :!:!~ ~[}!l~e1 ~~~,111" e~ lirta

{:;:l1ll[le~; ,re~eJIt. :dldil1iM,

Guidr:; :~~i'ijJ~ ["dp J;l1'>Ii~!il!II"t l!lJ~ ~W(l h9Jlio'E.!\. c;f tJl~ i\lltm rW!l!l, :tilhJi~~g, rfdlm :I'L]'ICY!.!J1!J. (fill,y. re 4-'JO~, Th~J !(II~~Gi h~~pl k.ft!?!p Ihi! Llaimi!1l;(ilf;!t'i ~m[J! :!>lh]lnL,~ ~~!jt: [rom. the ~lrLt:'s, or the r(ll:r,I'IIi •. 1 ~~jj,ilJl~~1 r;m,aklb' [flur sets .(].f t],(l1l1'e S1~fl~ ~]ie same ]t~~~~h a~ Hl~Htg:l~it ,or [ti~ ror:[t'I, wiHi the .Iia m~i'Iaiil:'s :IDllid Ilil!ail.lll~ts ~11 pi aee .. Two :S~U; oJ' guide s.t:r.l p(s :Ilire 1l1'11i:ed on ~arl'i ~bd~ 0[; 'cti .. C' form ~i' ~a~g'h;tl!! d 1 ({el[\!:1flt; lPll'~la oll:'ion,g the lerclglh 51) tm ~ornli

.c:~11 ,only b ~ g;ilill ~!I;!i'fth~ il!li {line W'ilJ!. Plru:~i[ll~. ~ llill

FiigUfoll,4""-2'. RB~ "I'i."'ODdworkJliIg d[lmp~g ean :ElPpiy I!!IlDllIgh :Pilqlll~BZB 60, .draw g ,t~'W)o~, 1'Q'm ~Ci9~~!,!¢J';, ~~lidif.'i9 II"M.l fu!r'! !~)lCF~ (II WQ(!;i!! ~ii,I.i'i~~hQdI in ~tt'/!!:~j~ ThQ: hl:lOlM)l' cauls top .aoo bo,'LlmTii t.l!llp dirlribiJb~ d;mpill~ !p~:>~lJtG>

igtrn; 4-43. 'The .... !::n.:~t prell:> can mOt!::

pFe5~l"Ire 11':;IfI. rer£l~l,Jler lelarn~! a,ru;I iteli!"!)1 r;liI!ud~ 13,Ii;!! essi1:n~Jf~J 'lID t1IsID""'te the p""....s:Jwe.

strllP:!l: tI~~s '¥:11~ ,gUmiIlOiie.s: headlilC:~e~ clu'[:in~ tine heOit of the S]!Je~tlp.fuT e.ac:b s~,j; ,!lilf three 8Il1'i,pS;; !ltt:;Jch the I:~MO outer s,tiL'iIU, iio the botl'{lTIl! half

,o:f tih.e fOflirlc, and att~'!!!ch, the ene Cenl!l:L' ~trJp': '1)0.

the tllP n:llf of tin,'!: f,g,nn {!EiS~~' 4·3511),. ,Pil~ 3! "~li"~(l !)f\~nl;:iir b~wi;!t!n ,,]ll.JftHH:!' 5"!t.i:~ to aUl']lw 1!!1lW!~81'h :r.,(}DI11i for th!i! form, t~'J; go to,ge1ll:i!<t :tinu~

[l'l;In :npalrt II!!('isily. n'5 ~~3isj~ Jr)'~11!!i d(iPilp GIll ~hr'E!!I!" s~rl!p:!i! tos,'Il'Ii1er 'w~~il. ihil: I/lIl',nl!il!ili" b!l~;w'C~m tlill'I'IilI" tnu,'&ild[)lrnp ~b;u; 1.1 nl,t ito '!h:1l' :i'o.r.!I:n j, and prndrm and :G1:1l:li:'~Jl the st r.1,ps d()~'u bCif!Jor;e fohn; Illy 1r.1:1'II1;O'Yiing th.-:: ,d,"mp~" a!!l' :WLWt;! thgo :S:~l~PS: :(l:r,~ :l!qll!i;;!!~W b:~ the fil1!ml ~Qr '~<l~"y ,;!i~t';~.mbly ,m,dj ~ep:;lJ",i!;jllfi.

At~t;::Mms; Ib!;,!!fI~t~

IM:iL!i1J!4:~t!i '(;:11~ b~ ,~~tq.c'f.!!Gd to ~'~!l! f-orm 'lII,i'~t~!:1! i;ln~ ,5U'I;!!'W :il!OIn.,g. :~h!J! 'Diml~r. p'f !l!1,lch 1!\IlI.g.e- tD sl:r.'i!':)im:l!ir.!A? tht, !?riftG(l~:li of 'p\tadng 1U'I'~i)'l;lhilll;)g llill 1~J(rm ~~

l-hifi giil.i!~ ~Il: s,~lthi~" ,~ u~n;ilIl~ ~tiW ~WCl 1;a~f,!tiSi of ~ . .; (HPrnml~~hkik, b !t~Jiln,g p:i.yw!J.rJd It! 1\ Vi:Jlt tvp arncl, ,Ci]l it'i1,'\l' b Mtom I1l!r tlhll! :fg;rjjTjj :;IJ~, M~n!kll!t'~. "fhi!!l 'r~nl~ ~~ noW' :sllit~hI~ ff.ir· dJ:;U'tfi~fi~t,ll,e: wid! hU'(i:'go CUltl: or rfif' pNSJ;ing in Ith~ V'tI!!U!i!lJ' ,l\i,r,i,Yl!!; UiljiQlnes, 4i·~2, ~nd iipdi::l) ..

","'i ;g~dl;r .-J~I"!QJ;! ~ (lr@tlngl !rJ'!t;:~r .i;lel1ll: '!~I'Ii!I!'1a~ief:i~ tlliii!!!' :::UI~v.e ~~ 'twl~~: . ~hFa\!lg111 ~l!!:e 1!i~1!!'S bI~.yr:Je irrmE!f ~Ili~ twJ5'~!!!d i!lffil!J!f1l1nihB lami'n~t~~, klrlPn!'~ tKem :iQg~d:UEF. 51!1li:J'Ste,riiI~ ar.M! ,Of rh~' ~lhe~ ,OIl lflhcid(:!~blillnd; &hooll !JfD::!~igll"t '!.Ista th!!l< ~:~~!>""wI1r;;;n I ~~"f,r,!i'~·rtl.tli'llr ge IfIdlmJ:

!He ~l!!rcd use .i! serfes ~t verH!!:!;!I, ,~td~ as ~(~~ Al'QrJj1o'l;~ ~Q d4mljl! '~I\~ i~!liII!le~ ~e lef!g~h Qflt!lid~fr!!f.iiite' l!;iei,w~n 'e~b Yfi:rI'r~1 ~1tidk <;ilrl b!ii1~II~ted, tBl~i!!d, or: Il:J.W.!psti to .'i!!~;tE!! 00 mpC!!!iInd '[I,Ii~k 'Till!" [nne:t ii:!!Jibes !!Ite Wrt<lJ'lpedi ;iLr{!iLliial ~!'t~_llIlT'i!ii~o!I~ll '~jjI p!.;lll' itl'li!!tn 109;HEter; :H~ 'WOTkl!!itll hi!:'~ ~1'01ifi OfTil! ;iJ!ndl ~~~~CI,IM'~O~M ~t~,lt~~~fi9,,~!~!i'!'ij:llm~.!liI\'j~ 'WF~p~i!'!-9!!!ri !!!~!tl1i(l! ~!\i!t'ItI,,"~I~ ~ 1fb~1~i!~ '§Jtlil~ :1~.~I';~IIHr~ ~r ~Il~~ pro~OOI;J~ b~c~~~ ~l!; 2111~ P'h~11it'j iqf' t[me 1'Q,rw,a:l"k:a ncl dries ver!J ha;rd A£c~.f"IIIiIe~ ate dried!, '!he ~1iIlI1~e5' a~ ~~i;lped 'by ~i!iOO 'lMI[h,Ates" ra~pl$,. ia,iid SO!iMIPi!ipe;r. The laii1rlrnaHon~ ilIl'so ,c.i!'1':! !be pre!w'Ci 't~eilher ilI~~j;j'ii ,i!! ~les:"Qr\ilI'i~~mlid:il: I(jlrumps iJlll!I~ liki;JIJgi 'the! ~~~~h oHhe fmmFiSi QW~. E~ch c;1~ii'fi~ ~JI~:'t~~i:lfh~~~ti'~~.;iJrht'i~~d9r i!fi"(';~ 1IIIeoil~e-r thillil "the wid~'h !Dhh!l!,Jalimi f1iiticJl1I~.TfH~ ,5;tri'I'!::5. :all"ilt jof:neq ~tbalh on ell!hll~r end. Ttglhl:efij'rtg ~e. b!l;!'1r-(ji;I~5~h.E! ta !1liililati'OM tOtgel:hell",

Adhesives

Thij!~ ,r;.(,~ ~ ~fAJi~tf O~ (:tc;li~i~ [rem] !i!!~l~d!! ~Q dhuQ(!;1;! d~f'~i1(UUlig em lh'~ ~~p~'>C~fk ~ppljc:l!Uo~. Thl;! ~ma~! im~;ntl!111, iIjI;!!l,fiJl m~ ~~r $!l ;!Id'h~iV€!' ttl' pus~e~ for "'r;)od.l:!c:Jl.dl,i1!l; pr'l'!jl.:'l:J~:5ai'~ [!I~O~lil;l. tlfi<''ill, ~hite f~he ~~tnt ~'jJ~ harl/!e r~hlU i!,D[[!I,fiI.i~~ ~he !1;luJ~ unl,n: ~t 1iAilIirtS to 8I!klk)" ilInd U~e i'laii',dt1aMS £If th~g1u,g ,['liter' it: sets It l<15UilIl~)' takes some '~iRle' to a:p:p"hl' i!l:~~ tIi [111 slll:r.f~t~s" gel: the i~ei 1111'0 ~'ne

(Q r.m.!lllld l\i'l'Ii[IU~" :a(lj.l~~f the :l1&{leS5:IIfL'W .l:iOf.leS5-tlloe. AIJiT'l1i1l! th;J.~ di'iiP.'S 'very h~ will h!ill~ pmlllillIt dH~ a;urveJ fi~ th'll' 1~i[!i1fi!~ :from I',e!kl,;i;ij:ng, ,0'[ ~lp:r!if1,&iH!l bad,. PI, :mood~1'IY to test j,he- ham'!'! ess ~f :ruIIY ~Iull! &!:; ~:u Iltl'!'~ if ::iOfUC ;Q~t ~,mt1) a :s:'ITII=~t 'IJ,r ~a~(!'[ (;!:r pl~tl,() iil'i:1ldi ~et It di"r fc)i[' a Jay or ~wo, An];~ ~{hM. ~hti'li'l ~lliC1.:: ~:P i:1~C' dlrl~dI pi,idJI!;J t)f gllit- ;fil!,!,oil tt]:' ~D' bend :It" If tlil)e ;g,!i..le' bends e~sH~f" it wm mo~t likt:l'y Olllow sO(llJle spr~~~;gbac:l': . .If the: plllddJII:' !il!f.gl:ue shatters O~' b,rC'~b when you tr~ to beifid. :Lt. i:he ,I!llu:e ~5hQl.lid dr'f lfery' hard and wH:i prob~bly ,,11L11'iJ! ~ m ili:1!imu:m !Im@'l!!IlTItt ,O'f .sptungb;:!c:k

Here. '\\lie-'ll emrer t~e t'!\!{i' baslc c~~'e:priesi:i,f :ii,dlh,~5i~.5i~ U,';~'t.~n~j!pi(i~-tk and. tlh~rmIl54!'Ui!'1g,

1I1tt'fmoplastlc adlrfesWes,

l!itl,':rmQrlfi~ll-C Rc;]h~j~~ dry b-!( ~""'pl)(iiMiml~ ",h~n rn'Q<IIl;!Q!.JJ~~ ~)r W$~e-:r a:re ~~Ga!i-r",,(I:, Til!)!' pHI'~.'i 'C2I1'! b~ ",cQI;:le:r.Lt~d wiU~ I~!\!~l, w!i'IIl!:h, i~! ~1jI!!1»;; ~ll(1k~ u:fif ~~he' w,~til::F m.cl!~e~lil~s. Ttilt:n'm'f1Dli1I!!.H~ a{lh>t:~~"'.::~' '~,i'il 'IJ,:::' reiJ'li["~i1'r1., ~~l![f~l1l1?d" tiJ~(l ir.tlelil reset, Thls ll,oofwrty is. utJIH:itC'd, r!f~r' llillmmcl'f wn.ter~i'l,~ deocribed i iii Clu!Jptm :g" ~FI rlil;si:l~ng 'tiru~ Edges o:f 'B;eJ.1Jt P[llliels,:- 'Oelllj[if.iilig on p~g,e 16'/.

Onl!!' rnt~~f (]I( the,rmopl[l:rti.c: Ol!!1lh~.shr~·s it; 1,;I-o.J\1f'!'fiJli~~ at1;i~a~~ (PVA) gh~e5 i'vhi;t~ :anotl Yli'rlot.1w l[Jh~!;!~!. 5t1,iOn lli~il!lJi1I'nd H. 'Mi'!lhl;i:nd :1'11', ~'!:lid m!ll'~!: 'bmndli, of ;r.e.-ldr-t~-!.'Ii&(llIl!I'Wl;h~mrk~ Jilfl ,~hg~. ;,)frill' l-vpu.~m..f ~~Vi'\ g]U!l:Si (Agli;lr~· 4-441-)" ,:\i~tc~ l(1 Y'1!1I0,\W gli!.D(:!i fD:[g'illlll .. ~(:d r;r,.t \1,'i)jj.;)(!. 'Whi~!:!' gl~t-, '~~.,;-h a'~ E~~e" !-S!YW'. w,i I~ ~u~ dF~ hil;J {!~i(ll!JBIti g.u prfr\'!;:n~ :s~ri,llghl}L::k {Rig!il~ ,LI;...<l;;5J"

FligullD ,4 •• U.

f'f/».. !1~ d'..!.'!!I[pr:l flJ'il~~M~ru", g~ c~:S!i, ~Dr ~'tiodl be:!ulln8'-

1::iteID(lm:l Ii 'W1J,rks well, ~or ~i:lI'g~-L·Iid~u~

'~lJr~G~ m.tlJ[li~ Urorn 1ll:1~~lI;,!ri~l !hM, bol;l:Jidl~ ~'(i!!ii!~;. H~iW~·],Oi~!'i It, ~1'1$ ·~r! n~e~iJ It~m@ o~ l)~iJ)~ .A,h~]!,!t !5i

t.o 10 nil i lili.:U~~~ 'ilMnit:h t't!;i!Y ~.ai!,!l;li~ it t~ srah tli~!I'l

rill~t 1m :ilt"ir:rl'C' befi[[~~'l'J: tJ!p(:lr.ait~rl:ml!l, Tlt~l)und II ~ {f\lgu Ie ~·46) works j"'l1:~y wt.'I1 for lil'I,u~[ .ilii.tt'iilU:fli.·· Itildh..ls curves, It has a ~90!l bilililil.:;:e of S'lr'l1:ifL.~,U!r aas e [If; a.pp:iltea:t.l.'!)Jl. ;'liIbd cl:.':~m.lp'. wfSilLtmtYi,. aad

us F\e'i;jll'!'t~y il1;f;"X.pen~I,'\I,e, T.lM.s, gi!l,e ;j'di1't): ha Bdi ~no~~'I: to use ('Citl,' hellit;IiI'1IiI;le~S ""lilholl:~; the 1:111 r"ll€: relaxi Iil..!!l,' p-m~doll'd rt,h~ cm1,l1~ does not hav" an ,e:dr~TIoely ;lima:11 f.'1d!:U_~, 'I~~, QP~l tin~e :i~ ·3!I)[]!!..!It ~ t~~ 12 mill1l,:rtes~ dill p!l;l!lidip~ (in the tiilmlP!l'r,i!J~u;[,\~l)f the ,!;~jOI). "l"il!;lbomJ ] III" '911lf;~, wr,. .. ",.iIIl),tr. rll!:{I:s,~.an~ <inti! ,can b..;: LiJ:i:JrcH' so m.e: Oi;lt.d.o(ll!' ;a.~:pllca'i:IOli:!;. I ~s!! ·'.U'Ii!(!~!lI~d. il] I rll'~ itio~! (If Hiil:' fu,~~ piliill~\ls :11iii·al~.(" ~nWlY ~h{J"p because m [}st of them do not ili"iill.~L1: a ti~h~ ·r.adh.lS: 011:' collli:"dn ill1 !}re ~ hall :11 f~w ]:iy.e:rn. ,Alii of these i:~p~ (io[,IllJue ~tl he ::llPfe-;'ld 1tv~:th a, roih::ir, b:ru~h, 01: 'with :lI ll!iollChed !J'(I''I..;,ni:~

lh!N'mQpl~~,ti,i:' :;Jdhe~iVE:S ·'!IC.i it adhere !iio n'L~st ·type5, of sub~t.r~te~; and ¥ene:m. 'b1.!:t. they do alot ·(tdfui~w wdl w Il~l:y woradi'> ;l:Ulch ilI~; IL"O:S"i<!womB li'll[iil, .t1.>:il:1::. !. 'fih,-(!"sr;!; :ilc.l,h;!!,'!o~'I'~:Ii ,;1UE" g.ri!UtII!i',ilIl~y [jJ'-i!ri!-t~n;~!!:' and can b!ii!' d!<l~1!1~d 'I;I>!?~\I'Uh :~!;I1Jip ~nd 'W'~rm\MMol!\~, TIn~ liilr.1t in ~hil:' wm~sh{lp, must he :iTt ifilll:!>t fitt [or' I'VA !lIJh;;l'Siws: to :«:t prnlP~r'ly. ~f d1!l' ;ju:Ut~h~ "r~!:i!J w>i,'irk. propC'fJ}! Ifor.' bi!:.~jjns; tl~1: IP..-t!tilei£ itleed to be ~l1lfi !fi, the (~nn !.ii!ld.~{' ll"lie~~'!Jre f"Qf orr i~!!! .. t ]'2 !lO!IJJff' to !p~~llt 1l.pfjn~b.,cl .mdi .Q.I1'I.;].min:l!Jiin!"l; ·p:r th~ ;l:~p:@r,;!,t~"m gf the 1:1!}.rer..!lwi!ih~n ;l! pUrw"OQd p:il1'i~t D;;;I~lf.!'il!l3:tiriJiI1 ,i;;; :J,l~I;i!:!IBlf c-:l~s;Eic;l by nol; ·mGll;i!gh 'p,!r'Il'£5!,U':;! Of"! :!! p~rtkl;l~:aTa~i11i.['!!D'~ ~!"!i1:I'",g!1 'b!:mi; 'I,lInd!l!f ]Jlre:!iiS-Ur,E!, 'or ~H1iElg.JiIIIl~ to .set pi'<l!p!l!i:iI.1f. u:r :i!llti InS1Uil"fldLl~~ :iJJmmml ,t!'[ .aJhil:5!I·'f~,

fiEl~' 44<5.

Alihaugh :it.j,s -01. ·P\li'll!;l~Ui!l' 1'Q~1h-« wll itt::! giull,. su~h .8!i E:imll~, dDIl!> fcQt elf}! I'l~rd ei'!i!i!.!gli; to ~,e lor \~ betidTjj~,

FisJ.!.hJ' 4·-4· ... ifu6Dfld Iii is an ;e:~h;!ilt ~(li¢r;!. OimOn91 PVA gIU(i~ 'kif 'WOad !bMdimg,.

.". ........... '---nj!!,CiiUj:i!j'- - d-·hij;.iI!i~"l'I!!'

I II gil IIl!v.:n;;U'lu!!l ill . 'I0;;Il "'""""

Th~(m~!),ui:f! ~ (:!i,lh~i ... ft!> dt,. by dn~'l'lllili;;:(!ij l~i~(i;I;t;T[J'll! ~hal U~'Cli.!:rs whl'1'r! two I~'flrl~· are (::omhit!.d, w!h,li:fi! 'I.\I'.M~!' !'~i'lIdd~,j!, rI!'whG!1I h~,~,t Is ap.p.JJIl:iI. 'U"he)~ ~~:n, be t~li:dc~ .Mi he su ee ·to W",-:i:r :t "h.n:st mas.k i[J,~ :a res,ph·:iuo.r '\~tJi!C'i!iJ iflib:lll~ .1i:1t~ ilHl:Ll-~r,i n,,~ t:helll, TIitJ'rrios,ctUfl~ g~iJi(:s; '!MII~, ilI~. a lnl~. df:r rm.lil:'_h irnuder ~him tht':fI'llLOpiasti!l; gi LI~S. v.l1d.ch all [III [l'lIC elil~li'I.llil];'l.e ~!;I'ri[~gb aek, Some' t)'p~s of i,i:lem~ esen l<I:lll' @1111H.",s.,!tnow rm a \'~ry' ron!!]l (I1p'en L'iltlilli!'. and ~ome :,'m~ 'e".:d:rem;!il'ly 'Wll.t~r rr-t'.5:i5t:i!f!t,.

The m05t C:(IImmi;i'I1l.l~'·IJ~d t'Yll!~IJ'" ~lic:rill1"t~sC'!~hilEJ; <ld h 1!~I¥c 1£ 1;1 [l.::i:I formai(~ch~I;)(!'~ ur pl~tl,C r,~~hi'i ,S;1ril!il", n Is ti~~d hi ttii.!:: j;[i;ilni,lJ~!ll~iJre uf :iii Y '!/Iill !Jld, M DF. ",iiiill, ~J~hc:r '!;'l!!tiipti~lt'C [lfii1lte_rill[~" and to a.dhere f<l:~eileru:rer.'!. to these lr:m,;]te,rlll!s.. O~l)e'r' less torlc m:;l1lanli::' ~ml_:if!lLIir;l!dll Ilj['\(.' bi.1',Il:~!i'ir~~n.g to be used: in 1p1:1l-Qe Q:flJm~il fiJ-Iml1!tdeh,yde adhesives ~n Uinli! r:mf<'!ctlillrin,g.

Uir~i1i fo'rm'lllld~hyJem:hue i~ i1!i~'a~:I=1ble in h\''O f.OH11'll: :l [p;g,wd,er ml~~di with W';'l!!l::~ '~MheJJl! 'H~ rudy tj! Uf>e. ,and (l tWI~- p~~t. forTll'uiOi that. ~:!i ~1:S:iJ mb:;etl Ihlh:l!'rI [,!!'fidy ifDi" i.I:s;~. 1'hl!' :p!mrdet t~pi:- >tIf '~'Irea ftl'rm.tI!IJ!Zh.ydlt;igll!,'I~ lihal ot:OlIT! h~ fcu'lll~ in !liUl5:~ Il:aH~'!o'!.'OLr(l s:bi~.'f\es. :Is i(,'iill i'll'di \'l;I;~ldw'{)o(i lj'~i1:S tk

t::ig!lll1i11i<4i..;l':7. tl'Y[lu noJG!a 9 illr;1!I ijJ.n1j: d'te t. ~ dI aFi dI Il~" tl Ibtm@ G1j;u::1'1 tITn~, flt.j 1J1r€;:! fi!l'lrfllllidi!lhl.ydill.,

.~!:

~··'f'!~_I!!IJ I~ii

,1015

~POXVRESI~

1F.=ig.'U1l"e 4...¢I!I" E'Po.ry' ~ :smt;n~, water- ~l!ihnr. rrnd ~ m~ilIrd. SoFM !lpO~, :i'cc'FIiI'IJ'ias hmo~' 9, long G[liI!ln "tlilHL

ees Trr~ :gl:urle {iJ!lgu:re 4-4,'}. hi! m}r O'WI:I :s:l7i(],~. when I n'ee..:!l ,r:nor~ !(I'p'~m tit'!!ll!:: or iii, 1rr.Jjooeu' ,gih.:rie. I wii,~ :rnoM: (Ifter,i. ehc (lse d,li;s 'tyJ;tE:or-' QI~e. The 't7't'lPiI: (jflili[e~ rOl!'m~ld,ghf'd;e glue' th!!it, 'i:.'< mi,x~ ,~n twu) ,l}!:Irts al5'IJ d~lr:s ''!fe\ry h::lrd and as e'~n mnre '\'!t.il:t~:t ~i~ a~l~.hfiliL ~ h,1!: :p~wJ~ fi)il!'lijll. IS 0110 tY!?Ii!!i ,Dr iiJi:'€ii! f(l,rmilll.d~hyde gh.H!'al~rirW' ~p h~ 15 tu 2JOmi~'1l.t~~ !j)f >tI'P~f!. t'itrm,!i!' illli :iI; l;il)~l ~itwp, u/;;i~g ronl \"rI'at'il'l" to mlX' up ~h~ powd1l'r t~lPe -or !I];1:'e1l IJc.rm.alddi~~d!l: ,stl;lr~ ",;II n l,f~!I;n~a!!1l [h~ o;p'~n th:r!l r: 'I'f') 15 :1'iJl J£l :t:ni,mli~J::;;:"

i:!r:!!!~eb: g!!i!,!ed with biXh tf..~!l'.j: {!.f dl!~ ,~Y~' aeed tl;!ll'i;i~}f illl the f\!llwm :.'!M under p~!.l!l:\e f,q-r ;'!,t Imt 1.~ h{)Y~~, J!N~,tiJ'!J1,~ C!!Im: be decreased ~~ij:l~ by tt1~ :;;ddliUoaJ! (llflt~i" ~n mnIPll£nli;ii~lrifl{1; op'~i1~ir1:!T!:5, tn.;! HmiE! g);n, br!1'E!dy,;;~d t.~ ;Ii ~!!!~r'l:!W ~iIi!Y~:5 ll:s.ingO[gh hii!tIi~: ;lind r.ildiQ wil.1re:5i f!O'C!lsC'd :right (](:!, thl!l ~rl!i1 :ll;riLo;j). lJr.t:;]i f\'l!m,aJ,d.j}hyJt:d.r~~ 'to ill! iJSht bJ.'rt!1.!r'n. ,[j~:II;:it.. tr/,liidh wt:rrie5 wcll fo:r (j~i.'i'ker Wt!!J,~hi. B(;Itl1ll~p(rt; Ci1Iltl, 1;.0 s:p~d wlit:h a roUliifj' iJrl.!!lh, IOJ.' 1'!IMc:~~d tl!"l)wd :!i'ndi can b!>l'di!l'::!!t.1'g.di l!:r,l;i' '~i!'h fiCtfi,Iil' ;::!i!l~ ~rf;n wru;ii'r' b !l'f'i-lI!l' dlW ~.

EIYI):~' 1I!!'!!il fe5Q'rdt! 01

Od~~.r tn~~ Q.f l~lwrmI)5~uing g:JUiI!c\ lh~l \llCllfk

w~!1 rc~:r l<!i!'!~ ix1~'liJ)~ h~!1'i ~~£I~1.d!'i Ind!i!d~ ~iPnl;.y :<I'I'1Jd ~~~~H.in,(i L :!E:pr~4!:,i;~i:!:i[\; wa'l~r vr."fy wlin ~lld is ,o:fi:oC'.I'i used II~, ti:;O;i1ol ~ol~:!;ti'i;IJ~Lhji~, btlUi, J(f.b" W;jtld~:rIi b!Jo;M:!i ii1:i1,u, as the a.dhf"ill\,f: tJlllithou[J]s, mje,rgitl:~ to~e:ther (lRplr1lll4A8), It d~~~:li cleer 01" ean be U:n:ted witli I1lr1ie' s11i\,'d!Jst. 'I!'ro 0 (ii, i1o:tl:r, (!Ii' ~~gocl.aii, 't~J1Unlll ;agN1:~::S. :al1d ,it wUil :S'ljd;: 'to aim{ls,t!laJI),!:hing, I::.I)I];';;Y dir1;e;ll ~I;Y him1. ilInd some f®fJ1rl!U'm ilUIJoV,: f(lf ~,p to [ lh.m.:L( {If open tim~. A g{l n,d 1.'~1r,'I\' or tal~,1H]lJb ~~ th~ ~lowef t:h!l' ~.P'!J~"l:~ s;!l!i~~. 'I hill! t;;~!mn~er

~'I win ~ 'This f~ bt'cat~~~' (illlick-!SehiPI1l !I1PoO)[Le.!' hil\i~':iI T(l~'j[ :lH,fJ'\Ol,:"Iil'liil!:!iC uf h~Jillinr,Jg, r'il!~h,s :3JmJ <I, nl\gli(:'[ ~'ll"roem.t;Cj!;i::' oJ Hi.iII~dli:~'-"\ii!, Hie (;ilI:n;;"iF1;i,1 wilic;!~ !,.I~liI~ (:i!;iJl]l(:)!' !to !DOh;[~ ~urf<il~ vC',n.1J:!'l~5" ~(!"11i~G: ,~~ can see,ii t'hr~!I.I:gh to the s'mr.ff'Lcf:. ~D'here ls a r~rki tre&ted '\'i!jth a '1~!1:le,tH~ <ige.nit ,1II.valla'ill:e. \V'i'ten 'Ll~~ll,g a V,KUI.Un bag" th(;' release fOJ..b.r11C: is r"I<'l!G~d! ii)\i'!i:'r, the' p;mel ~Q prel~I1.t; ,my epro:y i;h~t, 5<eeps, l'hfWgtJ~ l'Q the S'mrat'.e fl'1:iflili sti'~kiW!i~ to theb:ag.I'll~',c;!!'I.!iLs; th~ rflfm. m cll!n::r me5h rn !!It'fl!FiiLi th~J :Il!Ij;gh~ 'be iIII!$ii'd. i!p!I1:J()" C;!iI¥i h!l';! uppUed '!I"llI~ i.i mm\eli, hril,l,!.;n. I!]IfJtdil~cl litlJ\viJ, til: !ip'ltili~·i!'r; ,],hlil m~)~t OIJ'illl,monly u~'i[l ,dii'II!l~n, f'Qt ~'PcI;!~l ar~ d~!1i~t'-1r'l,!'d ;lJ'c(]iNI, m:I,!i1!?~i ;llplril~$, ·ilrmi iliO~~ !~N'~, ~;)If.M!>!Ihl!rcd lIko'i:'ioi: ls ([~H:

·01;' the: ,s:aF~i :it}'m.li :;1r!:·r::o;llir~er.rliIld ~bOUit cunl;!!i!:l with. your So'killr. :ailtdi 'r'!:~lhr'r m 1'I'IIiIlrai :!;pirD!:~ i!l1'(~' rebt~vcl,~~ ~@rg,~Qet.pflgo ~'~[!l!(]i!C'!l!!t!l'll 'qj!J1I'C'ckly, .. ~!ilI t:1!Jk~'

"[I), I'!~I..:"'~~' jll[;J:t,~C!)ll,J"~Q!l"ji Wi['Alll IDili\~ it. M Il!lly d~1i.ni;J1'O :!I~ Jlamm Rlhlil!'. $nEi,~w,~~ 1.ilJ.I!~;[iI ::i~i!"!~ r~1[\[' 1h.;a;~Alr,*" t\h;(II" f!IWl1iW~ {.:;iUIJW lh~ Inl>l:rl,!l'!!titl~!j ;ll.il1 'tihltt e-rr~lrJ!' yo~. use,

lIl:i1::ru~dnol. {:FlI,ilii.! fi: 4!-49'} lis: ;aIJlo ~tr,t::ffiil~I'~ 'l'li:iI!,ei" UI::Silfitil:1iI ;Il.nd ~s: ~i(im~i,i,{j.fIUy use-.t1IIF:[),r to;3itbu:i:i'~~ 11;g am~ ether ollitcl{){ir IJJp,pILcart"i'DII'l's • .it is; m:1 x~d rmm t~~1't} P,Dlfts ,arHl has [In opefi, time d,about 2~ mim.nes, :~e501;.cil1ioi dri~s '\I1i'W!{ h!lRl, whi(;h makes it a ggud It"hf.ii!';e £g;:u many bmdang ~PIPUc~t'i(lrIf1j~. Hr:i~r:;!r, Ii!: !II r!I~~ to :!! d 3!L'~ b:rnw.n c:~,kr<r- 8~ I~; i$ 11l:!!)I, :fl:p;p,'fi;)'p'riilOO ~~r' Ushtlill:" W'@(jid5. II! !;,:ilIl!, be "1Pl~lJ(.":(l '!Kltll iii, :1'XlI11~'T~ brush, OJ!' :rr.{~ldlCd !i:l(}~~H:'1 ;ii,r\dr;:;:rlii bl!" t;lc'"!HI."CIi;tp 'lIi'lth iOiQ:ilJp :riJi1;J

Vl!:il!r m!i!,i';i1~'l.fr. h a.riJi'\l: I~ ,~!l:~S;!

IFIgi.!::_r"e' 44'9.,

Re~rclr!!ci ones ~d, ~r!lrg ~I; !3J9000 r:Ii~ fo:r ~:.' ibendil:1g1 :appl~liQriIa, I-!Qio!!llI~t:lf, r1~ .dl~ b'~~!'l ,~obr is nl;l~' 'ElP.p~priaM' br ~htG!r wJ:!OOa.

u..g eCO\rad'l I!! $ ;l:UflO·i1iI.

A~II!'SiI'i~ lY:j>1!! R.u:;l~I;a lhlRil O~rl1T'IrnE!' Liry~~IiI: App'lk:iltloo .OClll1i!.-F1i!'iltlJ~

, '

:$i;k!Wewlur1: 'WJloor E!.\i;,~ht::lI'I1:

~~d!lIr.il'U;;!dil:!~i 1 !IF j5 mI1!f1JlJ~~ I!)J~ e~ 14Ii!!llcdi ftcDie~, Ilrum. or Gcto~ Vi~Ul',r
CLilI'ii\e'~ fro~U ~till~e
Sli11i1l!I,·Radhj~ " s-,;m ,miim,lJ~~ IDrie!5\1Wy liOO11ert 1l(IIJ:sh.,or S~m~lll1hrat: Wl3l:er
'LLilI'iI!f',~ Hi!ml Tm'Ail!!n Hie>J I ~t\!!J I1t
S!!T!,j!nHl~;dr,w~, l,() III!I] Ojp-e!1i IDrle::; \i'e;ry i~ii~r; BI1!.I~h.i e~J~nt I,i'~:awr
CI.iiWQ'~ 1nimil'!.ijilili:l' t'I:;m:J 'TrO\~I,~!, :S,prn).'lllr Ftftiii't1i~ ,
11 00lllr Ci~,s 'CI!l!'a~
:5miliillila.dlu5 !Gm[lliute5 DilI~~ !kJ.l!e!;; Illm._i, cr E_~lf-ent W~rerr:
CWI'Wl',~' !Halld, ~W(!~ ~!>iIllM!'l Uf,Il[i:! :lre.mu,ide'h~

I ' ..... , -tIj

~nerllfio~ILM

I

R<lUer~, rllrl,J$ti,Qr l1i>Ol!.rel

thk~ IwijeUl' W 'l!!lgJooL

lin this dJap.'!e:r~ ]'II :!i1ait by i!:leU!1ilHls'tIilOOQ how' 10' be~dl ~~rfli woodl W~dJl ~u8t a 1It~le

FII;I!!!1Iil!,,~'lI.

1ml!3 rig)-.\ ~!Jrnbini3~i!Jj;J of te8~3in'~ irr@;;ture i;il~k~:;; it ~,~ '10 be"'!! ""<OJ!'!:)"~ w¢di:;;. 'lihl$ mcl1crgan]!' g;tJ'ital! :;ilil~, i~ i~imgl !l~'lrt 0'Ji!lr' i:!I sE'i(i1'! rnad'e IhQI~ ~p;e .:lcd.!!llr.

A~:;'[l! fHlm h~'!1i1!1-ib"l![!Jin~ I!!:r~~n woodl, 1b~~ld lirl[IJ, '~1;I!lh ";(;It!~r ~W;U a b~'I1~i!!'lS fQnr~ is lb!e' !'iil!11ll)L~5~;

i'iii ~i:,h.{Jod ~fiit" 1iJ;f::'~cl'lil~lC WiJ 01:11. lIyp~~;lIy {,11fi1i'~tI')'c~II.g (hili1 stii'll~ of W;[i!l);lt As has li{,f::il d~s)ei'lbc.:d i,l~ ether ill;!! rt2iM this: hook, Wl(Jo;cl ooi h~n:o Ithlli'i ,HrlfI!8 wilU lIS'Ilail~~ bf'L1Id q!.litie ~NIj.s~hf to a .l'l'led~lI]n radius wjithc:mt ti~ a,a;clliJl:i.on. of h,eilil: .or. lr-uoi.stm~'. 1:1:1 the easeef S·Q Irne hem ilamimlJtior.Js,. U,e rnij]\i~tllrr.,e .from the~t1W a~!nie can h!l;!~p 50fle'JlI tb~ ""Ii!)od i1fJl_,rnl./llh to aid un hendinl[1l. HOWeV'il[i' ~dd'in~ jlJl!'.i: a 1~~tI!? !i\r;lt!i!ir. -will h@lp rUin 11illlr :!;©rt~ll the ~i~p]ji~. the tfl~:dhliC' g'l r;i;fr i!lI 'iM7-I:H:I'iilI, wh idt ii!',n<l~"I-c-"~ ,he wood.

~(~ hL.:nd ri'i!IJf,fr cas Ily, ~){'-c typf:CiIIl.ly' add 1l~(!II$tl,i!ru

~(~ '! hJrlo :~!.rip:i; by $p~i1Iritls thl)'lt!J w~~h C\ltillt("l' Uli;' hc~ Ol~~o'Willig th!1'rn tli:!' !liOlilli:t in, 'I\~J;I'm w@ler~ S:!)meij:~m~. wm m!l'ln:ia, ~sLldJdJed iii) the \!,l;i'i_tJer' to l:i1iake the w'Ood c¥~~ more ,p,llahlc. Wood eJiil hll::' ru:rlh!l'r 'SO"iC:i"li~J by bOllin:g ;i,t iJij, 'WOlter,

Wood~Bendi ng T [ R M S

,ni. A In.1'd! metal surface us~ as a s~po-rt i1pui'll 'WI-idll p~s (;l1l'1I 00 IBmrnl3m

Bellidlingi ireln!., A comm~rr;tdly avarehle « :$ho,p-rmMe delJice wilha !/~Mmle h~f./t :5tIuroe' :appl~ 113 a c!JiVed 51Jtf~ wound wnichllte ~g;.nbe~;

Borilatn,g 11mI8dni'nQ, A hi3abGdI; tlIlVI:l0 'f'Dml 'rM1h if:'iO~ dam~ ~ mebJ caul!! IJSE:d '~ fOrm 1li11e, curved :sJrlBS of a 9!.1-1Zl'.

Be!1!dtnig :~traj;i~ !!iiI' ~m:~~~~!1 sUaJ)., A ,niE!,.a..1 :S1r.S.jJ plBteaoli"i ~'he OU~~' !1~ :iii, t.UI"l\E 'iMBl hiacks 'lila!. m. :againsl -th[! 'I!md'.s kl h;[!p too WiXIti r.~r.ll; rifI aJi1lP~i!i~iOlil illId I1Ii:lp jJ~M'1:nt file 111000 'fllOOl'll :sp~LlliilS ,ami CiJaC~

BiII!E!t, A I"OU9h -sawn or splii piece Q~ green '1#000 re~¥ to be ai r-dried OF ts ;EJ.ke~df ajr-dl'ied.

The Sha,ker Box

i\ Sti-!:;.br b(I.X is :;i, ~tml'~i; )'~l ~H!i'''ii;t i'i.I\~ p:1'(lj-$(:~ )~OO !l;itm. m;!i]:(i;' 1;!;5jf1~, w,i3:Q~t ~r!d (i!b~f1';I~J!g ~o!i!ln, !lr,i;;(~ui~ mi~il!11:(iI~ W(:II!); ~u~ mab~ri~!:;;" :Iii} ,it

ls a ~;r.:::-_a:tb~li'"IJ~l!n~ D.lrl)Jle;:;:~o 'T~j iJirll~L: 'tht:' bU(i1, the iiitJr.ir.lJ {if ,'/!!IDe(! d f-nr tlH1: budl~ willU '~~iV'ile ',.r!

bi'i:'idi aroLmd ~ 8.rl'l,ali udl:lu:l: fA gU:i"iJ: 5~:;n, 1"1111: tr,aJ.itiiomlii :l1fl.e~hQdI[ol" s-ofi~I:lIIl,~ wood iiO'r. the 'b.oK iis m, ~~k or' boii i! :ami 'tll'i!eIilQjlJJictliy b"".I'l'di in:[lrnllJl~,l:d 3i 'Go\l~SI mC:lied ('OlI'rtlI. Afi·e.r. '~h;~ h QX has beeu rem{f-Y·edi rtrQim the f~rm and {II~l\I;J.'\',im to df!f, the ~w\l'd~J)ll}i nB, 5i,g~ :u~ j!!)in~ !JI!~~1i\1il: ~'(1jpp'e'r 1i111!!il;, or' r j;~t~. ~nlie- bf.!~t{im ls ~h~L1 ,M.t~'l:l:!iild, aJnltllt]I,~ !01;UVl!dllHp of tlhc ~~-)r) Is 5;!~1~ >lroy:n d. th:c~lJ.!!!I'J.'<'IB~i!I~~(I, ;a~(~!TI,hl,ed I !Ii the ~.lIi!{!, 111~ ai1l~cr :ri,~

MAking ~hf Fom11

~rl) ,mak1.1: the oli.ltSljd,~ :form (iFIIi!JIIi:I1!f::' 5"l)'!iJI~1!g

need rbir the box;, 'We'~1 Mart by !!:re~til1~: " ri.l D,-:Ii;uz~' p,3:tl;em. aeil::~u;Lse the (jtt,'i1~ v.~ :s-y,mm~ti!"b;:!I!t '!.j,"e

';::[lI,l llJJ~e the technique descrjhedi ~ "'Dmw.LIil$: a S)'~!11 !in li!t!1i(.1111 CUr'i!~·Omi [I~S'4" 14"

Cialat Pt, ~ of vlOCld ~.hed to the

fcrm 'is W"tN!l1 se it C'afllbe C~Ifil.ped in a ~.

1F!9il'lig(i, A me-wlfM:inH ueedto if~l;h~he erw:;l of ,ei ~nd PiP!! '10 a Ilal Si.!~.

~lI"!tariioe:ldngl ,g)r3lli11! G~n 1~hr;g In different di.fedi~ in re1~ -00, the '~!s: surface.

IRIiI~Q~mt Ane!edrN'it s:wiI.ctr that Ileg!Jl~jl1!-!i' ~he 'flM (il~' elect6:i )f.

St8ilm lb.e~" A 'lJomt.alfiEi r bu '. to ~Q'i" 8team to !S1.JrfOund and Iill{!ist~n 'iI."Oild,

Wa~ge (:_a!lla~W. fne :S..'l1lOUm 01 e~d1l' thillt .eatlI sa,na.ly fibw' tn~ a willE; or swttdI'L

",.

.;, I

ii5r g. ~

\._OrmH\:iI!il$

FIg~re 5·2, iI'hi;;. :sim p ill' S!!J:a~r: btu", is ,g'ilEiily ~'lI:e:·IUS~,g '!/i,tmeil"' ~ ;Eil lbellii:i!IFlgi f«rrlL .

4~"' (nli:m~1

figure .s.s... lh!1!' 11l'$'i' i!;tep in makir.,g an outFoidl!l beJ1d~rt9 ·~rlil!J,.~ ~ '~hro 'IJI'1I!!. i~ eJt!~ir'lg ;tIJ ft!1~ cl'tLl;'('li<I9.

To beg, 11 rfll!i~lmg thE! (flrri'i/y.!!1:l 'lflillllf!~ '1.'0 mi!lke dtl~I·~ !5tl:'fiim!'liil' oJtii!!!' DIJ.ild ffi.~_ Fg[lIj,W 'tlrn!:l ~tIr~ 00 pf!i9:c!: ,i!j4 W ~'~IM!lrnd m~W 'i!lIP~~r1gl~, 1iIiOO'rotm tgllb~m,d tOO.lidi!!·of

. . '. ~ .

'thi:l bci.; ,"tin' ib~ ~!ii~lIl~i:l~ ~~m lttlld~' iPr~!it~ or.r!,llilJf,. pt~Oct ~ ,o;:iul;r :l:rmi!il.J iiVi~llg!lii!!L

... -:: ....... .

'Step' ~. Mer ~ill1ig ~U!f~~ $hl!lp~ thill, ~oi..~ ~".;iri.!l s. clisk t8iid'll"Ii"; Mw 8l.1r~'- iE: i:1;, j~to.t sa, yotllI .... ;,mti m ~i;l.~Oil! i;;;i_f'I l;I$if i~ 'lg, t:J'Qr:.tQ ~hl!l:};],lJlli!l\f'l:r/Ili~ fui!(he (<I~ U yEllll EfOPl na .... ~\"' d~~lli.d~4-.lUll!R tire ~ wl!h liMit!: rooh <ind s.aoopal*ll .

M TlJrH

:!iUi!p ~. ~~e 1tl'O, ~tt-c.m. lPie-O!l!· to sr)lWlili,o ~~ .of th~ 'fiJ}1l1!:roDn·tnG '1I1i1:ai'G'n-;;i. Yl;il!! i"!!!!II;!,ilI gni;i~gl1 pj~c.e~, ::la,~h~t \'ll!ien~~6k"'Crj, 'Ii~~\! !:r:e,iitt-t Ul!l'! i!r~ri3d '1I~likn..e~s 'f>Dr 1M lrleISI'll, ~'I '1Ine:.Jl)f1ll'l'. I me ~:r$tadk- 4~~" {t2cm) iinc:ik, w,ltkll ~~·tliie' ~hli",kl'1~ , !:!~: ~,~ ~he:~I~ !:It o/~ ~ 1(~(!IliI'.imJi iTilliiti3I~t'iI.

;5~ ;., :k{lf,:W Of _f1o:!j I ;';ill ,of thl:l, pR:,clffi ~~,g;gilillliil!l

in <iI,~di. Th!i!IliI: 1.I:i6 '!iL ,misk'i!lEiMBr 8'['ou:rudl '!he 'liid'~~o; ~~ $niQI}{It~ ,r~;ei -[if"tlm, m.iilil9 tb~'l~'Gi" iMlli til!!! ~~l3,l;liin.8' :at~8~b!!!r.!i ,EI.!;' a ire'~erMce. FI' ~61i, ,ail.i'I'I, hID(,e 'a'dll~;k $~nd'er;, Iit~ hW !mloi~ :and ;$andpl!i~!!!r t'o ~J! lUll' I_he !;;bal:i(,

I i!i:;Op ,4, J!i~tt1!f' 'ih~ 'r:{;Irt'fI

lhiiii; ll:iI;JQ[i ~~:D:_pt.::d Q_ltg ::;andi::d~ EliifElG:iiJ l!I.llfcd;, 'bJ tbe 6~f~Dmi tin!!! 1!I1@cli: ~i lb~ ~ed, ro ,~~rof~th~f>Qrm ijn 8. lliiii!i 8t:i ~..1 beli.'d H'Li!i,

I 'I'I\CIod ~Olllnd It.

Filgur.~ S4. \kl'ie~1'"!i me' Ihinl~ o!:td rtioodi ~ocoo thil!it em ml!iKa 9 !~t f!'s!~riaJ lor li1ellld]('j9i;i~ They i::':),fijill' ifTiI q~ 81e'll s~tie:s ,Ii'm~ Ihi~~~

SIi!!eclh1g ,i!1iId P~pa!fifll!ll WlK!d, I1!:il thii! :a!!'»l:

As wi 11-1. iii i'li~ ~Hli!lidiIll8~r.o.J~I;;~ I ,"'hill\lll 5dililiUflS th~ w,;]!o,J fo'r till;:: ~I,d;;:s !Dr this. b;;]l!(, ~ry to find ~)OO, !,'!;1'jithi:h", g:r,;lj.n I1!!Ill!llilllg IINU:,j]jI~~~ toshesurtaee ~Q lp:r!:'!'~ru; :;;p~i!iti:!,~~" Hf.)1~~'1!.\~r.~~~,[IlI~11 mind i'~;i!tt m;!!r¥Vf.):p~~ .Qf~J/n[j-d.!, wilh ili v.:!lrlet}1 £If 1Ill~-i!1 ~lt~m!5i, wbill"!l CIW~ thin ~!l[J;!;L,ll:lh.rt\fil! b.<l:li11d til :1),

'I.'ll'lllj!iIil1' :'3uppli~n; ~ F.d:~i(;~ 54,.}. P,~t~ut strl[ll'> ,~i1~j h{l1( [kits: also :i1~!i:' c:ornmi:li1Clllly ;!r~"'1j~;aM~,. If you :1]1:'!e !i!'j:t1p]jn~Jlg, '1'0 il:utfU!.ili!f.' O'l1lllll wood ~tfii[lSi roltiQ'w the p:r~>{l!iJ!r~ de~c:rib~d in. "'lh:i~!ll'!! l~m1:di S:rl.W" ,g:ru.IP"I-.I!!l! 121.. A i;hk:kl:1~~)'i: "'~!fId;e<r w:i:lI 'h~llP' !!:.!"-e<!~;~f tkl~l;!t thi;l ~id!l!!§i ,dmvn to dll\'-!r f!!lJ~! I~hr;: with!l}!\Ii~

51in::'lall r~dh]'~, i I' 5€i3hd or BJ,oil!l!d 'fi:r5¢. For ~M:;; t~:ri!'llg H'IIlj!m {j,"1~_ 'file fu!Clr: t5:nm!lR 'bn dirk .. ~"raiP~li!r-

!,.eo:JI~I1!'T1P'~ m;r.y w~:nt·to 1~Jil'Ii!r;imli!ri~!i'iiith ;!;Ili'\f~r;io~ ls tiI,'1 ('2,l!;c~} ~O!i\B by 4%~ U l~m} '~:JI!!,. TtiJ,1i! '~~i'DDd :~

Iji,I);'m(idil h tlrort: ml'tl!:llri$ )IOUi'" bOoil:. ,*11;" [2.5i:ti1in) 'I ht~~,

i[",nl' tirrl tkilflJl'S~ (if the w~J.od "1~llld~pii.'1td UTI. the A flJ!l'[ ~h;;ti.l8JiIl!S th!<! WOI!l ~L l~ 'm!!ll~t be pr.l(l];Nllj"'l'J

S~!..i find 1.1l!!! 'i"!lJil.l~ of'llhlt bO_Xtiliild l,j:1'I: t5p~t:.IIfr~ lO( bi.tror;;:sl.);iII:kit.l,~ 'It f'O:F. ib>frl1din,g. I: i~i«_, to ~t.:iidbr

!,i,~f'lJ th!lt~"{(;ji1Ji lc:h"~ls;t. Wn!l:id ((If pQOll1!,'lny'tio!l makhl,(ll: @ p;]per! mL'd:b.r.';ll'd. "].'1' IJil~~till: :p';;l~,te;.rll 'm~

C1f 1~IC)~t S;1'j;!l!~r ibm~£; !'.!!:n:ll~~: (I'~m :~~." (1 ~liim mJ :!:Y1.~, '~n~ ~h,{!,,~~ or 'Ih~ ihll'nt'l.1mod ,. id~ 00 :I~mb- ~urll!

thick f~r!f:m.1l!li il:l\!n;,g.fl':~'Q %",. (~5tmm) thiic~ ('Of !!l(~'u,.l:hi!l,~ ~i~~ !.Jlp ,plilrC!OiI:E~; :S!l'~ th!l' diltl~!;I(i~S

t;l:rg.61 DOX',;~:", A lA," ~L5mm.~' ~hit::k WO.llill'r" ill:lJj ,i.J;lJ "(aro,p:1.fl~g tn~ WOlld 'F'Qr ~nli!' j;!,0I;i;'" on :f.klL1lfl!!:$,

limiIt!ll\d. m;r.r1iI.DIlJ' of !lipli!~iill',~, is aw.ibMQ' f:ram miJI~!I::

Pmpil!liil~ pt!!paliinll!! 'Ih~ ~t1, ~'br,!! ~lliJijng in! iirnpiYtto!M tOl' g!!!atilngl.~b1'J,t lftl!!' nlilli\t, flit. ['find; m1ilil!ling, ~ ~t.lIlrlrn lie~!; ~~k ilM IProt:e~to cn~Li!ro ~~hilfigl gOll:~ ~~~hl!;:

~Sto:p 1, Cut ~;r, ~O;lIr,d,l1lir-{p'lir.I!'tC:, tIC '~ ~a:~ a i il~e' bent 'M'!od -.

:51~ i!J, o.~ {M1j ~~p~ .oi I~I;! l1f1gerf.; [ffiIII'lhe ~1cle!l ~rt:d ~!.!il111;!!11!'! ~uf IU~ ~al'S er a :kNri.

Sltifli ';:'1. M.i!J+:,= ';]~E1k!ra~ ~ a!l~l00 mfmr;1i,fjcl! 'Ute p~1t~ffi' ~ d'.g;OO-j;pn~ e; IlJW IenI3~n (I,f 'Ui1l3 pa~_i31lt1i i3nd il:t~ sl,ar!IIII3',;;Ind ~,f!lne' poiffiS, ~f 'Iheililnt :;lida(

Stw ,4, ~l'Jlh :;!!'Idl ~e the p8~t~m \'II1i:h!J:II}- 'tl;l ~ 2~ril ~!ln~,R;gf es 1l~~~.I~ ,~L\! 'pliifl 'lei tU~ ~ 'IQ r~ ~ Sil:le ~thsr. i1iIB~,,;;rnd ~.'I'IIi~i'_" 1~1I~ hOlas ~d 'bflt!a dnH~1i (:See"!;tie ~~'!l'm ~1Ti ~~~ 1'~ JI

$i[epllill, l!~'e, ~ p~nilierls. I~pe til;) :::tl.l!I:lth f~e p'~1i~ 11! tl::! lfile-, WOM( ~ The :s'hap!fcl '11~e fiilg,et-!> ~ 'Ihe ~iOOd. You, ean ~k ~~el~ 1B¥E!f;S. iilf WDl;!d ~ii!ilie~h!31 'iI ~Q.!.IlPran 1~ ma~ m'liiii,ple: boms.

,51,",'7; fry·Cit!' ~ ~Q."'Qe ·!atJ.I:s W 'I:as~1'I the::50ide·tog:eUrew.·~ tl:i!) fl1Ia)'kS)fQili ~i1adi!l' ~~r '1:0. pt~ltrtll~c·llQl'es on wirlai wi1I be the '1;J!lJ1·~. I~F '~1;1' 1!lJe>-.'eJlIi 1he ~ {rtim :;;1!l5flinill~ Chili ~'"' t~!T.!!Il:1lit. t~· 'P~tcoer!l! ~nd i(il~Q the '!!!ro~d"R'eme!TIber!lJ use ~. !Il~~P [!f~.Qe' ~.:;) ~!'Ig! !;!~~,

!Ste;p iII •. Cut 'B'!e lel;li!li -r~e~ .01 th'e b(l',(. side ri~ tl. ~[li~ eOlltl!l!l) ~ tlillnd &aw', ;,li! sr,::r,gH &aW. 1'~~I.".iilj\:e'C(jlf:i1ll'l1 ~Ial b~ . .Sk:I1ts 21 GmaEI. U:;;.E!a, ibandisiiW, .j1g5aVt; or'Iiva'l1d1sa-.".

.5ibi!p'iil~,;$l!iiid bo~ -!iKii!!sof;I:!IJoB w,D:Dm !l;~ij !iii'\'\' ~:I:l!)~~ ~~;Iig 'O\!~! ~. clififilii. i[l1'11t!!iiJ~!l; blJ);. :i"!; .~e:mbh~d" The iinEl[l~g can '$1) !;1I3. d~[lcl u!i" \'m~ .saf!~Pilir,rbLi ~.I' '\'I'iaf!1 ~ ~II the. ·erl'ge aMll!n.clIIM ftdgiirs M mel :::G!m.1!!1 o'ihef di!r.a1 1:c;I. mak!!li3; Jfi:l'tG p-i~~'111ID i;li!.sigo.

M T ra

Th~ B'!ndil1!g Pro![~,

Ol1ei:!!:I:JiI!' box ~icllli! hi!!::i been 1~~:~,r~Jf. ''!!otl!:'~~ !iIl!:ildy to ,M,M mClY$I,!.Ifl!' to ,thl!! 'ii!.fclifllllhl;! 'JlI.1'!:JIfl.m can h~ ~f~~fi1!~~ fef hllt!1d,i1ng in iwn w~r,~'_i~

eilll) h~tmikd f't:!:r aJhJlJIU~ 5 t.u W Illrl M1'tll".!:i, ul' It 'earl iJe fll:llt~ lin ;!Ii tl:\l,1i' 'Wilti, bClm"-l~ 'WalLei' a(l,UJl'd ,Sii:'iJ ii'l;f:il s(Ji!iked fei!' aillltl!t 1.0 ~()i 20 mirn.iIiH~S:!, d"'~enrll [;1\11: O~ tile tJ'lii:kn,~ss. W"i;iiene,m-f ')lO!JI are w!;):rtJtl'n;[;! wic.'h ~(j;iHlil.il wilt-er ,!.u nei'it In 'Ii!;~nd i 11(g; ~rm~!i:t }f.DNlI: hands 'Viith iooJltu:::r. ~Io~~$ (:Fd;illlli'!e' 5·5}. Tme (i;emo:nsi.1r!!!tgo:n plr-,nj~t '! Dtll:tdi~g_ til!!: !3{i.)l; ,5'id;g" 'l~lD'i" i'i:bl~\M'$ 't Ile ,eg mplilte P{.n~~iI:,

[J E M a. Nl So T :R .A T lOiN fl' R, 0 J Eel: ,Bendh~g the Box S]de

rtI, ~hJ$ :l'~ii!lP-bli:~i!~ ~!.:ii!;fI~, illl ~'how ~ hew 1.o,.so:f!eIDi 'WOad !IiI~liI!iii ,1:1 Il3)l',aPld bGrlPm~' !ia1l~(. On~ itCU h~ii~ 'iilfih~ ~ 1I1i!liH, ~!i:low,. ~u m."'~i: lealffl: ~bil!' 1:10:;; ~mliht 'if1l'~if)' iberO'Jil: ri'nteRililQ It't~iilther.

51411p' 11. Piafie l~l!i WOi;l1)l in ill, f~ :I:lJ'icl ai;lcl bc.iirn!R l.w'ter,iI I'JJ!I 'Itufr ~ogdl to' ~l( ;fl~I:'(i.bol:,jl 16 Il1Em!.!~or i.!iijm II ~ ~n;

$1-.p' 3, ~ \ill d.I<i:iiIp ~'D~::i '1M ~'r:!ffil fi) fi~J!'1~8 '~ k~ ils s~ 3.!i H,ilIr1IEi5i.'~ :;''II~Ii:J, I:I!W:IIJ, ~p'p8d to ~ ina dami1l ~In .deil\tifl9' 'l;ws.~.iriif"\91 'tl'.e ~i beingll!;ll!rrarul

ifI~ '00: OO;M i1fIo 'I,j,~ '¥6i.htilJ;! ~plb'!otk. i!&<lI.ll! 'll\CI: ~ :S~I;! claTIill'l$!1ll lor ,EI.J~W Iin~mrte;g urrffii 'tlll!J {l1)I~stcl'EIi ~_EI hEm..dr1!lid\

r' .. . -;" ..

Step, ::!!~ Remqllfe '~he'A:il;ile ' ram the ~Il, ~Roiil ql.licl4~'lbel'lcll it !1.fiOL!~dl in' f(liffJi!. 'Ij'i:!'oQj' lo~!!!~ g,\!ni!)ii; Ii;, ~o~!io;; ~ r.~ ofillheJl l!Jum ir(di~'\!lb~Ig, 'iIw WQOO sl:rlp oo:3!m&.

,51811' I., ~ iiiI mark JiJill.h8 '~B of'tlis 'Sid!1I ""t~J8 'thE! wDI;ld! B(idc$,·kJ 1'MiI~, sura 'lh!:!' i:1:al drJ:;l:HiiI~j\!;'IlIDEi oj. h -hLP;( WIll ffin~h! '1lhe;'Ilr>igmai dIawl~g. ~ ~~ 'aJe bi):t ·~M:lmtn(!i lQ'i1l ~' ~~I ~1h ~ :!;pri'l.9 ~p ot:'~ ufil~j '1h0 ~~ b 'Iul!t ell¥,; 1lI~ o/I3mi9~'!o. !fl'~t ll!11ida"'lfrotr.j, f'll!llIiIn9 _>3'rI

'ffi~ ii1'Sid~ of1hi!ll:!m~! tbI'lQ11'C!~ thie ~1lIA 0111 th2 f~ Q'iii!lr:lll~'

'fig!lli"O ,5'Z., This. :thop-lf.riHl1l!: driliiFlS! M h!)ld~ tliJe 'lll~1l at me pro;p!!:r- ihe?it plll'J!l!l:ndicUllU'lD 1!1!!!' bD~, A rMin91 oo:lli'IEik!!5 it i!!:;I3j '10 llOO!!l91li '1f}1l ,1Tie'~ s~p am~ r~!"!lID'>',e ,the. deil!

The B~~ Assembly

~\r't~~ th~'I/Ii'lm,CI, [h~~, d(il!Jri, the ::J;id ... il:i3llJ h~ rr~~trn~ 'b;:i,B¢~hl!'!f~,'1i:th QJP j;I~r DlJ",I!S or !Ii~~l:;:; COPP!!!!I' lI1i1i~l;~ ilr~ (liffk"'~t ~Q fmd~ hwt lh~:y il re ,BI\1a~ltIi~1i: .fromm, ~'t'l,illr,lli:'IJe' :!:l~ppli(:rs. 11:1.'lilttll ,91l'1d !i)1,fi'l1'r' 'll~g '1;lI~' l'a,si.t:"~rgaJre Rou{Lily :l'lr.l[n;1i:t!e.. \W1;;:,Dt:1.I'it',r )rot!i ;i1,r!.::a~pty~n,!J litck.s-" plillcc nile !jo:XO\,,':::,r. ;a i1 :a1IWU, You ~;a]]lll-l!!3e' ';'i :;jl~\I'I'1li)de anvtl ~:~milar to the o:rn~ s:h,!)'wlill here {~lPINI':' :;-6).

There :I:!il r;R} ,f,llulil !J~~d tn thLs :bilis;lt" !bOi!o1: p rOiJ,I1'!::!'; :~_~ in In!;!' Uiiditi(lIl'I;1IImli!j:hod r~:r ';:l[l!l1stlrl!llclin~ .sh$,kl;l!, b!l~~.

As~~,li11ibIL~R!. thG bO'~ ~J~, lneludes ,r;:r~ini!!l ,1Ii1i1ld anadlh~~ the ~~~I) :J~IJ Im!tum" T !lit:: ~MdklJil:'~ ,~~f' 'tl;~ Wj~()d f(1i[ tlhc ~op:!iild 'Iwttm:m !lj!i'" ~hc b():l; I~ i;J;S!;.a:llUt i1~~ lti'Of.l.' th<'ijj, <:i,~ fI2P'1lrii" thlek ft.!'!1 ~~I1W"~ hox:~ ,mJ le ~ f~u' S L'il<lll\er I)O!lI::S:. 'To cldU 'tine

lID I~ for ,iIIi.t:[1,dllill:l!]: the blll!iJtom; ~, Ill.Oilfle, a s:mall! iw:riz(i;l'il:ilIl drill jl;g t:ti'v!lit holds <Ii drilU3It tbe prn[)N he>1,~'; 'I'f] dlf'm thrn!J~h the rCle!lt:e-I (i,f the ib ~ 'bf;JtlJO'lin ~lF.igll:re 5,,'1],;

M:~liJll'lt ~tl!e dL'iU to a hoaed to 'CI!"il'::ItlEi 'the

~m:ilJII norU z,o:nUli l:i!l.lltl!1g m:;id1~nrl!'. /i.~ :'> 1i1::a 'Ill ~:ill;d~ rrr.:iIt Ini!" hm:iiiJ],[I th13 ~id 1:0 '~H, mil ls 1111 ::ide U~e .Ii1'r'Dp~ h~j!Sht ;!II) Uw dri II bit ~!i ~~n1(!\r~d ~!:1! t[h,~ th.l,d::l:'I,e~ (If the 'Hl!~id· 'l!ood top !i'lfid b!'lI.lO:l1il,. Secure lihll! d:rl ii, :G41' jii dO'i."llfl,'t ill,(J!\it i!I!l)'OU tPu'Eh the bO:li into, !the b:lt. ,~ I.ISIi:J <lilili'lct;()'1 iltr<l;p !llliDL:m.:;ilI ,-\Mith ~W!nilll nut f'lp ~h~ dr~~1 C!!!ll ~!!!S~~y he tik~1i1 tn ;:md, oo;t.B~~ck1! mO'1Jlllbed ;!!!!l;1in1lt the dri'l! 'C:;)fi! ,!!!~!Il IIw:lp 1l~ .. bjl lze ~l.

A~ hlflei.¥. you hO'ifl~\o. ~Mlli!jj 'tliK! ~If:i~ in U\'i~ d!!!lm,o!it~irll(l;oo, I mU ;dtiJiCnl:it! MW '~O !lI:!r2'JC.OI},Pi!!f f'lilIi;l~ b!l:C'.flul1fi Ilhc.'y!llm t~ 'tJtMi;tiiol'!l!il mCi1itn 'ofphing\ too si;tlCl~' or ~~f' bOXi~~ .. IiII.ailllo(;lO ~F'

. .', ..

h~iieillllli!~ke llhl!l:ro~ ~ItdI,bQI!iO!fic

S,te:Pl,,!FiM~,ei'i itle ~idt:: ;!¥iHi '~liIe 'b.;i;j:.t5\.l!I!ln9Ih~ 1J~.j{O'UI dfifir;d C:BI:oor> ~adi ~k ,~ ,PI!s.i:i lilIlraugh bo:!1ii ~~~ o.~ w«td and 1i1\!'!lhrolim 'owl till lhe msitJe, !l\'I!,ch Uke ~ '~lIiet ;(1,:5, it jS'h"arnlft!!red aJ!Ia!l"IS'Ilhe 'WMl M<l~~.ur~, ~e ~kJl1!Ol~~ e<LIlleG" i.o ~et!:(l'I!Iime 'lheciK.I!!ti1[ereileE' [!if I!!e ,C';'aI ['S'stli Imsd! Up..

!s'ttl'Jl! :!I~, ~~ i!iil;l[c! '~~Il!( i~:si t!ghl"iit·:.ill WO:1rn.'i:I :py 'fomJir:tEf1he ~ !!I!(Iumdlll't~ lio~ ~.filolir 1t~ ri:ikli'!g ~jlll.g ~h ~lliI ~~-1lill hr,tb:yffi::i"to mala. 1M, 'lihape Il];f'ifuj oo6tpm tolfllll' DIrndl, ~ biJtl1 1~~e:!I, Bf 'lihe Iti,otitam i:Ji!lfulOO ~:3iI!'lIlhmglli~ bQ('!~~

s~ ,2. To m<lk!:l, Bile' b~.clrn (lHI~!l: Ili.o." I~il:,t~ ~~ O"f'~I\r::, o.r\jiMal flJltTIi Of:i~a 'tml:l 'ii.MXutl,cUI: ia !:luI, 2Ad Zi'l;JCI;'U!1 t~G; eill'SI:i, A, dbk ~~' eran et!~~ ea~der wo~, 'We!! '~I)r'li!ie 'flnal rilillnif.l,

5.1l',gp,4, iJ~lll1g the jig, ~13!i: 'EI;ie, dnil'rmd' p!iI1Im the 'itlw: into, tme bit ~jI"Q i:. fi'jrMl')ldi fu"i:il;;;k~ w"~!:i t.~i:!!%i' 6;[ ~fu 'lib do:t~~N!::

111.9 de-¢11 o~ ,£Ulm OO'fB, '

~,~ Tqpered' II'<!LJ~~jhlp!~ ~ ~tl' ~;:g!! oowels ad as nails rlo·~n m!!l ~ aftj(;j ~!!l [b(;.Imm lifi;l1~1h'f:f,

SilEl.p' 7: r~ make tii]~, Da'lld Nt ·QQeSi ~d niEi '~p [d· hila .I!d, ml ,1;1[11· ':;I'l;1l"ank 8J"Id. ~'k" ~ botl' rl,i!il the .5WT1i3" ·fIli;[IIiIOer as ilh~ :s,tme. C~e~· Ihe bliP: with ·1"1~li!;: W be!ild1Jrre·ll:!i'fOOnd ~!'I!:! the, ootl'Qtn !:if u,!iI ~,

"S~· 'il!~. To 'i;I~ 1;rmi!,!~ ·Ihe' i1l!iiJi~.g '~!"te-·i"O!id ~ ·~\;rr lh~ Ij;ip. pf;J_QetJnf3 I~·~ on HI~ ~'OO ~ .and· ,dt~\'j 1!Ifollnd, Ih~ ctliij;I.dI:l, Wilrilfil ~iIlSll[llid· ~ weo.d l""'f~h!3 '(o..P~ :t!8¥ a~· l.Best 'litt (i.5tfin;]) 'QI!J~e ;,me, iiria. ibi,$'W!.11 m!lKe me fu'psli9~ i!lr9~r·~~iii!! .tI'i!! s:ldfl; ::ilIEl~tfi.8lfiTit lnp m 9'fi!I -0111 and ,fji'lmJ!!i ofl' I!fa:!>il'l

.~~.~ 1~)3a!~ ",n '[!lie el'ld'1S 0'· tbe; dcm,re!\ii. n tprD~ .~ 1m;~'!11lI 1hfjIL~I"

!!ite;p 1 (II, !J~ !~ ~ Il!rtlce~lo!re' ~e(;!~o'lTIai~ 'Itle' ~'Wgeltr.er' ~ a1tr.i!::11 ~d '~lnislh 1ibe ibp.

M T ra

AIlli[lf~'lwr ,1!:(3:\;y willy 'C()I h!!!w;~ '\"IUcu.! it:> with 111"3,1;.; ''fhi~i]ti;lhnJ :ii!bn l)'pi~Hy ~~I!'! ~!)I;J~f!\: thin '~Hir:j;

.of W[]l~~d,tLil!a~ ~rolll;! wii! ~l,'dll :li~(li\!~ ~tiJJ~ !ilJij Ill!

ill De~t9n~i il,plo::~les uY 'II,1\D tid 'It'oi'm.i1'n ii:.ls ,cut Ititll1ll:y~ liow,,'V,~r. as ttl!:~ \'liD m'lllt£lit)ebrtill'!. ,~s ItU:i;IrC1kt:1'

,Sii:'iJ HI:t:: radll!ls 1::1~I1iMi;'i:i! i'f~oi:iltl<ll:rc wm. niBed to

iJ€: ilIdJ~d in (:~m~ib;llfunj!l:l1ri w~th hem '~Ii, 50~()~1l

tihil!' 'I [gnln deoe,p Ilmi~e th~ wood se the llIDiC:rs

ean mOl\!: eas'i~~f ~trel!G,h :and C(j;nn,pr-eS'S. 1"h~ ,oombin:,ni(lln o~ ,";"(!!~ie'r ,rmd heat ro;)~~ .s~~1T!I into the tl,~11 W~Ui'l!' i';nfli~nl~!!!: ~he ~'i~~in ~!1ld, ;rlTfJlklng 'Ilcil!~dilf!~ ~.t~~ i~.I'; rh~ 'mf.ljf!1ture also he~p~; gr:'al.l'~ty tli:l ,OOricliu(;t lIir~d r~~iiill!il, th~ :hl.'<l~.

W1h",~n ~ii!flS ill i~m!!!lh()oJ, W,ij' t~,~',ICiJjlly :i!i1L1 DliO;~i!i!f'C ~o I:h~ :!!trlp;;: by S:p'r~}j~n~ ~[hcm ~Jf.l~h WlIlrr. 001.' b.)1 ,rull)QWill1g them !iO sOilk II'I'!!I:arm. w~iii[er., 'TlniC'ri(;We ;apply Ilie:li[ wit:h :di lbendlnQ: I:m Ill.

Milkl'ng a IBeluUng imm

~~ndins; :i'rlJll1l!~ Ci!II:rI he pil.lir1:hi!i5~d (lir .\'ihop mc3JtLe-.

I, h!l!il.'e m\'L$i:L'il!i:~d It'i'!li[i methods (or :rn~kt!1lJJ fOWlr oO'i'fr,1 bl;'~c.ling ~,j\DI1 h!llil:, ,!il1!d 1'111 ~.t'il! tt.JJI!'II :ii!r~ mof~! Idlqm~ndli ng, on t Ill:! millt~ri:l.ls, :iii\!l.'Iil:liliJ.~E: :lind 'ttl I!i '1'Il1;g.'~li!i!.I,i'I~f'~r' Uu! f'!"iI ~,1it€f., .All 'filiI,] 'r~:3Jly f!i(!,e'dl '~:;: a !i;'i)r,1 ~bl...: :iW.illl, Slot! ~(~ ,ilIl1P~I.!ild ,t!"!, 01, eu r.wd, :!liJH;)C~' ,arO!lJiIil(!i whkh the wood r;;:rul; bill i1 d.

'rhe ;i':rtOO~ otilmmOil l)'1P'C ®a snop.mlld:e b~liJd!ing YfOIl !iJI~~~ " JlI~r.i1!m~ torch '!'!!!1!i :o!!i1;e"'t source ff\igu:n: :5 .,gj, It c;m, be pll!i';:~'d :k! :;Jj 'Yi!~e to hllliid .Iit ~«!.He~y ;:J]~: thl!: VHlnd!i~ bent !!!mullldi ~jt. Th~ plp-e ~~ a~.ta;;:m,i3d! til], ::iJ beard lI'1"HI1 ;ii, ifliJJn,~_ !('IF[lJst!(.~r5 ::I1]1!i ~hi';:if!d i~ bd'!N~!!!n ~two!!' f!!~ng<1' ::J:!1d t~ bo iL!fdJ tOo ~p tlh.e b(]'3:rd from [[I~Uin.,,~!u[], hot '~fi,gU.'re .$,~'9l .l\., Cilip '\!lkth :li1.:V>G',il;l)~ hui:L':-!;df I~ 1t.'1ii b'L :I[ ti;i.}I$I!;:f.id;alil:'l bi'ii!l' 'll~,u UT~BlIW !i~:I:(~'. Adjustln,g, 'Iirul<: :propt:iut LA;liI'd:iJ ii'~8M.i~t('s ~h(: Iw:l1 ~il.:1,l\d Sli.IIm!l.:' ¥lL'f.}' stiitilld ~ill'i'~~ !:;1iH ib~ (ol:\llu~d !l.L~ifig ~ 'b.::(~~~ng ~1~O!l m;;]!d~ 'Ciif J • (2.[!l"m) [pi~,pll' ~ t"lguro 15:· W l )1,

I".i:gwe ,5-B .• ihios bending WDn h!l~ffid V1iii.h pFOEJilllI!!1 was IOOreslrucll!d irom pam: I !iilfol!;:i;:!lI' h~ jj;j my ~Oj:l,

II"~Un:lj 5.1.. '~hhl!!rs, IPFMITllfl;!j, w~i\l1I I'IOIj, ,[i!:l'ttinS: aao h::rl.

II&:igi.lH!l'S • .'~IIli~. :OriJ ilc.iillB in 'iht; eav '1:0 ~p ~t(ili1l hr;:i!l

If~L\!~ 5-,1111-

A fi!!"'l ,c-oomnplt:, .:)f 1111(1 't'1!h~ l[llf,i'I'I!iSi tl;a~ CI!IIII tii:i a~Bli!;td ~Il!, I.h~ 'I ~ (~,'51;:!\IlIli 'p~,p:1!ne.' [bendlng JOn,

Figul'iL!i 5.'1:2~, This :!3hQi!!""~e :ber.ld~ iron i~ E;:l:!i!I:s-lflJew-d !:rl;i!l'l ;j!!jl ~1e.t.'liri~ c'1m1~ r~hber.,

FigUi\ilo 5 "t3" The s:1Arl1i~liird 1(gfJ1 dimmer I u~ h:l5i :iIJ W'.l>~e c:llp;;iclty fllIrgl?F th:m'·UTJE! Io:ld d~~n. by ijt¢ (;h~,:o(id' ~igIfl1J:!ii'.

F~llPJ~,5;'1~, S1l~! Irtl;!)'l .IP[P~,,~ .:l~OIleP;pe tlll ~~ ~!.!Ii~t! ~r~ 'r~!(he hil!",~' e!eiTieilii.

It!' ¥il'lJ, :rurll! tilnDJjlmI~Jtl,:liIJI!I!' with IiJl!.lifl:1i~ng rpcr:"DPln,!lc1!l in Y!;J!l.Ir' ~h(l!iP' ~~ 'l;;~iI m;3,KI:!' :l bi'!iiidli:ng, ,in~i':! I"[!~ldfi: 'IJ:!lIIli@: :;]in !.'i,~~uic' i:hilll:rro<h~ Ug'hl'llT \v~tlhl 011 lI"i;t!l'Q:o:'tOit to reglJi~f!1t.l! ~hfl: ~"lnrpC'r:i!itiU re U;il!!'-;fl.!: 5"" L:2,~ I 'nrt;fH.i(: 'lh~:!llt}f[li!:. !]Iff irnll i:lis:i ff~ginil !::l(;'"(trl.!:: illiltHI!iln!i ~~ght

,(j iif!ilm!lN'\!,fi.t~ a w.!tt;'!iI~,~' c.:!1P~iilr i .. ryer than the ir.'l;jj! Ii!rnrt~l1~ by th!: ~rcp,.~ Hgh~~r (figlLlInl: !)·I :n, ']'hil! he,,~iI1S !:ll!1'J11J~rrt c~n b~ J[;@,<rg.,w with "heel '[IJJi;!~:d, iPijPIl1". 0~'5!l;Jl)~riiJii~ ~:f.lgl!~~i ~~141,~1'

!hI. a, Bending l'm,1l1 kilt 'lfle S~ker lox S~d6

! ~~11t:l2ld uf 1I!I!'iI!1g ~1!JJ~t. w~~i:' 1i!g~ ~ (ionn i:rl hI1T!.(Jj tlMlI; $irli!!' for !,~e 5hlll~~ !l~~ :~~. ~~f ib~ I~!l i~~ li, YI[J't\ ~i1 ilSeil b~'fl(ltifj,.~, lrutl J]~L: thlt {J nes dl2ll:i'ib<ldO!l pa~s; S:lan{], 8:1 hlbeilld Hi~ sildt-. So:si'k Uif:' w(llOd ~ii a u':" a ~ winl. '~\i'a:r":J~ \'!f:Mer. 01.' ike!;:,!) ~I. ml"'1I0;ln :ror. iJDO'IJt 15 mim.l.I:e:llllJl' lag ~. iipra~' bot.t1e wkb w:atli:lI:" s;ll'l"li,iar m the :melJ\ofj cli '~~~ used ('O:r

If:igllll\lli .!5'U!~ '(.ow [;ilI1J bE:"nd "ih~ &1lJ1) (If ii. ~ilIr bOii: u~ e. :!!~i,}'P'bl.!iIt ~!edrit;: be:ndlng iH~n, .. n~~ linfsh~d b!Jii 'W~ !Tii!'.irJe· of :r",,"' C?!J:mm) ~L!lgony 'WOod ~pli!lMd and!

,sa:n~1iI :dawn In 8. '!I~i~::; i':i8f1;fI!t, . .

IFh!ll!I~ $';11';" .A.f1ef ~~!~ ~~ :f)i.i ,~ eee ~o<w ihe 'l,!,'OOt! i'~ :sti!ifb:ilc bend..

b!;!nt! i!f1~. ~h.@ :jiy!l~ :iin')YI!1":1 ~hi!! r.l!!:"~a i;::I!dj~!I." '[[P.~gi; 77). !}§."!1;d th~ WtlQcj liMIJ(lJd 'ih~ {'Q,rm if! !iWl!~ ~tt !l! iJm<:'~ht~ IMd~: :i.D.d :r!'.i'~UI rOOm IC.i'lii1' b>L'"fliirJ:i~1i~ i:t.'t.!n, ro lh~ fril[",fiii,. <-n gUiit~5.1:5), Arter. .~t. h:iii!:i betil'L sh::l.poo! ~hc box: 8~id,L': GiEl be nailed H!'~~Hit:r. r.Hg;ht iill:w.ay '!J;r, it ean be dam[poo nod :sIJ.!Ii~d I:mUl re~([y 'or compte-tlon, (I.~i!i!:,ur:e 5",.~ 8)~

f:n.·I1I1I\!IIi 15·1 i&" .i'lijlB.in di1!!ck. h aJf!.'Ili ·Ofitiili Sh~QF bG:li ~ill1e: @'~l~r )!i!lI.J' ~~ ~Fil!!i!I~: i"fti)r~ lilmi bending '11h-e ~d MH'I '~lte iron.

FilgYr~ 5'~ ,,", TI,e; b';l(~ ~e ~. 00 ~ped, I.l.I'Idi remO\it:d f~ 11l~ fOM'i -ro~ complet.Jcn lal1::r:

l'i~gur'lI! 5·'11., 'YDU CElifl (fiNte "!he' sides of a. guiw, slIch a;;: 'Ifle3!!1 moos frolm) curtu ~!e, ~~i!1S11 ~ ~i!hi'!.~ I~ ~ -Ii! f'!;li'~

Fi:9iLiN ,~:zo. Tlitll'n:! WI:: rnaill)' 'I!,"'Ji~' =.0 mail;!! ~Il!!' sidas fu:i a ~Llifu!t, 'Fha ·~EI!l.

!:ll 'Ih.!$ ~'l!il.ru' ;are 'f!'af!1ll:n~!e, U1e ~ ~ qu~~t~~prutf\ Ii(Icl ~il:' i'I't:tk:iS Piitiplil:,. all ~~ b'i I~ Sa~e~ (]jf:!)h!il Pt~ni~ 1R~e! 'Woo(!W(l1ki1lg .Sb.idiQ In Ind1:a11~i)" lC!wa

Beuing, a Guit1ir

If.!ling $1 hrm~ iliS itf(l.1l :,lnJd :iiJ r~fmi~ ,(i~~c) ~¢~~rliln:n F,i~~ 'C~"iilU[lj!l: ~[lm~ ~j~.xl:l1 of ,(i!~i.! lrar 1[:f.!!.Cli1ft1: 5-1'9t lhii!f~ ., r:~ three b~!llic m!i!'~hn d~IQ bli'!Tl~ the dd~$ 'IJ:f '~ 1!!: u U:ar.-tlc~h1~ a f!.lrn~ on tilt ~il..qt~:I.at of the :gul1illr hm.lly, usl n_g, a, f~~'i:'i'ii(}'11 till: ti!ts\ltlt' ~lf Ute hOd')1r ai'ldllJ.sllfI~ 'ill b ~ndlillS i'Ji'iJil!il~i~~ic ~n,ID.!R'

$:.'2;QJ, flJ:l' tiw nm.[W{!' ~lfIIetho:ds·! 'Itle ~d ls b,'!:.[n~d 'w~th a bol:J'IIdll,,~ ilOOHi' as d~sITiiboo tot" lhe' Sha k~r box O[f;i l~ ro, aoo then filtill1'd to i1I {'O(['m. 'lIr;fJ!A ean 3il50 pnrch;!:Se ,11 'h~l]dill~ 1:FI!~lI:hj:ll;j;!i (:ft~rRl' ~~-~~), f,5~e 'th;.§j "~'!11!OIJil~t:!.1" ~t!(jn on !~,rgr;:~79 ~~ mOR i.n'lkIifm3.t~@I1I.) l~1;l ~dded ~'I;nnil'o['t qf dl$ OJ1'I1,P~!4~LIJIli, ~H' lu;n,[f:1 ['!:J,,' ~~r.I:!;I' 1,II:j![liJI wl~h tht: hCi1'dlln,J!i; tifrillr;;MlTlc will a 11!if'lll )lrJlLl: ~~) r(:t]c.9lt4.",d ~y bil'i)di .~IMh If fl.B,ulf.\C:d WD'l:.!d.~ "IJ' :it o:.Ji",l:>(c:r!~ ~1~;!Ir(:'. ,An] i'~~~e i:edhl'lllcrn,es: ~0I:n, be a11l:a:IH.::<L'] to I::n1l:!~U~ many t~p'e (lo'r mlliS'h~ilil 'I rllSU'lllfll1,enl,~. :box~S:j, h<lSk.ct~, ;(]jiild (id~~r [JI;IOJ!1'C::l!S,

lhO'!JIgh dl~T;oe lsnt s!J.rn.:iel1!t :1ip;!i~e Illi lhi~; b{l{li,k to d~t~il the e,I1!~iril!' 1l'~C!!ce~~ Q,r I;::(i;n:~tl'ililctji!l~ ~ gyit~m I will di~C'!lS5 ~I [ dlfe!e' 'l1il.elll~d~ ibr cr-eattng th~ gl,1~',!i it Dod)' unt)rd~'[ tn lB,h1;:yIJ'UI ;3.~ 1[L~iii of n£i.'!,v trn~y '\¥o:r!: run.rli :I:[Jm a b!ii~Ii:'@ml!ln(1 :~[I!r O!!Ilt"i" '!;l;S~[i I.Jf ~h.l:":S;!? prol!;~~~$! 1;~lb ~liu"d!3JIO 'I1:f the! PUOIirl,'Iil niJf!~} 'WQo.cl:w1Jr,klil1i1l Si:!l.lidio In I t'IIdlan.~IOI. I01'!i'i1~ !d~nll.oIil'!it ra'too ~o, mill' two m~lmds: :fQ'~ :&II~rnl;n$ t'h~ !lides; of gUitilll1l hI: 'ItiIllIs: ill1l:tlliitg, if I hi:;; !i.hl~IJ!, It!h~r!!; l!!irn I~r h i§l h~lp.

i(h~lill~ing iii, Me.tlill!~d

'\'thiWII dm;t;l.~if!S whleh m~!h{H.l 'iIJI !.!.~li' I~('} b;(,!'rw l:~e ~~ijd,l!! ~.f ~l ~M ita r,~'DIJJl wi! I, need ttl OIJ,g:_~jl:!l i!T t'h~ fiQ!!CiW!!ilg::

C-Oii:!il~ti;!li1t;y. :I!)o y,!] u W.a.l'1Jt ttl fevootlU(l~

m:lilllY hil.~ll~ i;!h~{:t,"B to a.i~ -=,}! a c,.1, :!:i.~t:: :!iiii,d :liliap~~ er J'jJ,SI, fHit~7: n }'Oi:Ji waiU t'l:! liJ'T.'tid'iJC':: m~:i'lV ~k'Ce:.'i, ,i!iiHmding ll1!iillI:ln~n~e m~l!:hrtb~ the 1')1Iost CIJ:i-t,~r{ei:II,~ and iilftid~ 11t meiln©d,; and II; might: yl~l.d' t~~1f: ~t reru:ilt&,

iE'~eA~. PI;!! ::y~u. w.am to 5pI1!mi !h,"l! money (m, !Ii b !i!mlin(!l, miu:I,~~w. q:Jf' do:!! ')'Lll;l, w!m~ hl m~~if the rO~l11jri;ll!J!Il'Ht:'Jf i iii! ih'ili sh'~I)~ 'W~l~t trIPe gf ''!ffii;(;!.:,[ ~!f~ yt~U: ,pllalilnfl:ni'j to I!iSlJ'~ ,1\ hl,SIlly [~B\I r,lt:d 'Wood, wUh 111l!cdftdl:l,r.'IS,Bf.Mn 1Ji9,,!OOtDI,I![f~ riilOre. ~llf &' IJII~vofii ,~Jrap i nSin ~ more l(f'li!i!n-sr;a 1:f!,(>rU wo ml, whid~, migb.t rol.e O'IJJi thebel1ldmgrimn, m,~tlhtj}d.

·I,lrnf:', Do you WiiI:I1It [.0 [<ike the time to rna.ke th'l1' rorm? '1001 mily WiilIllt eo !pt1i: YO!l.l~el:r on idiff-eI·e~~' Ii:tock when Ittmst'l"U!c:ti~..,g musical umtn:J'm:e~bi, b~!J.~E 'tbtey dfJ lI.'ate ~t l;[it '1.1'£ t~me; ~lJcl t~td I'].~ ~!h©:rt !I:'U:t~IM'~th mU~J~~ inst,fl!!ime;n.ts i"iIu:.iy ef1:dll; wit~ ,:) 'piJ ~itive' ~slll ~ I

"'~i.itQ 15·211., If ~i,]U pial'll W ml3kro 8, nUmb!!!f !lIf guit~rs,. [tM!lider p1Jrd1~il"lg <i lbenaUig ~[rjii:. ,ml M 'm;~ '!J1l1I: iT!Mill(tI~ by lu,Ihl<;J:I. ~ei\:ilfime 11fI1~~na1Dm1 (t.lM1).

The Tormek machine uses <I unjversaltool rest thet can be mounted on the top orthe front of the rnachitlJe; as shown ln Rg:ure, j['C}" 3,2,', It IS essentially a steel bar to wbieh tlIll of the vadott~ ~lg;s and fixtures are attached. These .hold the tool or cueter at a $pceifkOiitg!C' fl'ot'lil which ~t calulot d~viat~. 1'M~ enables form i:ru,~ a uni/or ~n edgeb ecause dt~ j ~~,I:N)!~h '\.>-:l:~ab<lJ;[;l:i:I~$ and ~h.¢ti malntalns the required angle.

There is 1~5t:'11e adj!l~t!1fl!2l1till a.lmo:';1; evel'y 'I'm'mel.: Fg, andthe tJM~ rest i~~ mkm-a4ju,'l:table. Tl~e adjustment is necesfmry becaase not .a~1 bladeshave thofl same dimensions. This is perhaps the on~y :1I8peC~ oftbe Tormek system that h;, netcompletely intuit uV'e-it requjres a HRle experrence and juclgrllen~, However; the

com p any provides :iI comprehensive. we1!-\v[iutten, 1!30-pa_gemaliI.u.alwit.hl.iJ1II.l .. dreds of crystal clear

IMot' !<trJe:tly a "'m~d'1in~ b~,:alJ~e it TcSlrft Fi1ICi'ttQrINd, d'i,e, M ,POWER IP\fi!(!is;liQ~ 5h.ailllening :ify~:rem ~iP,5:51 h 5n9-wn in fi~,!.IINIl 10'-30, is iI tolJ~Jh.,allJmin~J'1!ri d€:Vic;e that il'llc,ltlde:;; t:wo DMT mOJ:lo~ry:sta lltne dlamO!l1d aD-ra!>ive srones, Th~ base of the !Jnit.oo!d:s,a blade or .chi5,ell stationary while the top,set ,at:

Hi:-:edr<lngie (2'5'QF 3-:0 deglJ'l<le~), gllides the diamotiidl abrasive ilol;;[O:05. U'L~ tool's bwel Ilnc.I'u,d,Old are oil prep s,toille a'fid a Iililli:5hi ['Ig nOillie, The g:oome~ry of d'l!Ol g'adget means ti-loOItlhe :;;lnarpe.I'lI[J9 "(;lliolll ta kes ,Rla~~p<lraUel t(:MM l:::uUI Mig ec:(ge', whicl9 r~ 9D d~~5 d 1:f'f'l:!i\E!'l'Itli'rl::l'i'lii ~iliE!~ ~h!rpE!l'I~fig_ mach~!I'le$. Thh;ls jy~t ~ibPlJll tile .~imf;),ie$~ i!ila llPenifl9 cl~r!l~ Of! 't fie !TL~r~.t. O!n.<d ce,rt~~I1!jI ~f1e' ~f th~ moSt effe~;ti\re'".I't fs <iimo~t ~$ t:i!$~ .a~ ;;i lben~h 9 nrl(i[er forcl'€.!lt[lfIg er m:i1linrninirl~a. prim~~lI be'!.!'~L pr[on(r~sl!)b.IJ:5I'i1fi,g a :!l"a[lo:nd~'t)' O:rH~ wri~h 1l fl tne! poWstiltlg W1lt~,F s;Wt'l@"

fiigliJli\!! 10-30\. Tn@ DMH,U)Q'l.l!JER IPS:') 1 is ,;d~ u gn, iilIiLlmr,nlU m cl~c!i! Wll~h .~1,'IMl mOM!:r:y~taIUl!'liE! dr,a,rnor)d a bra ~i!Je !il!iflf'!,£!!l.

Figure- '1O-3iJl. Moo~ Jlg~ floI" a TcormE:!!ic. :!Ittllt:h to tl'i1e! Yli'li\iers~1 ~ru ppg.r~, .. 01 Ib.w ~h<!~ ~<I!n !be piOl~ed on llOiP O[ irnwol'l"t of the 'unit"

instrucrlons and also offers S'lIPP o.['~ thro ugh

the~ r 'XXi'ebsite. To rme.k's literature UJ5€S perfectly acceptable definitions of g.r~l1ding and hDIi:i.ing th;at may b.., wnfusin~ ~o American. e:9ir,,: Gr.i.llidJJn,g, seems 1::0 lnclude eVf![yt,h~ll& up to ifilla:~ :;trorplUl,g Oj1- al,e@i~h.(:J: 'wheel, whi ch they t~nn~h,mh~s,'"

'WocuUek

The Woodtek water-cooled shal'pen:ung: machtne (!,ee .Flg.u:e 1:0-32) was desi_gllat...::Ja.",!:o p value" by Wood)~u];gazine j n 2002. The com ~:!i,ct un:i~ takes up less than one square foot of bench space. The 7" -diameter, l,OOOc-gritwl:iee] .spuns

at 4.2:0 rpm. f'Or very 5moo.t:~, p.re~ise sharp e.ning" An. ~dju.stible built-in guide makes it easy to set the COJto6Ct Iling~e for any t.ype (If ecig:e,. It weighs 13 pcnudsand will accommodate arn[lg<l or S~OM grits. >.rlw Woodtek sharpener is; qUiteinexpe-nsive,. 1 purchased Me acouple c r: yeaJt8 Olga <llld ordered a second, 400~grH wheel for more @.se:ressive~I'i nding. w~th impressive results. As

L -"

-

'l:

F.I;Ufe 10-32. T1ilE! WOl;ld~~~_ w~ter'~QQI~d sharpener spins alt

42:0 rpm ,(l hd C(1me.~ 'Nith ... , ,OIilO-girit whee~,

MarepVlan 3a~Vll1\8+Hlbl~ aBTOpCKVlM npasou

been liIIillel.!JI'rIl:JP~;!~d w:li:h J:ndi:J1I!L If,IQ~ewoo!;t The ,~iJ~s 1)[ ru (l!J:liiLt)'l ~I;!;il~t b~)dy ~t.f!' !I;(I'rn! lIyc:~~ri

,M ~ :5il!iiE'i!~ cniii(:"~l!~.~S ~1r wmld nlll!'llI~\!I...!im!K 'l!1(lut

J ~ t1!iI.I1~) ~ hk~~ gil' ~1~hlV)i b!j: ff~tijre;li~:2!~;J,~" CtlH!tl~ w~od lilEs, [hh~. aJ]ows for the U:51: or fli3:iljl ~.p«I,rli. (II"" w'l~jd tH.a~ WOiljMlEl~ IJ.i::Did wen i J Utt:::t' were cu[ thl.c·k:er, C~"NiI1 t;;]lI~.e\!U! e d il' Ihalil rtal1 be he~t :1"11 :tll'i:is relaU'[e!~ thilli ·stat.,e I ITIidude en~ess" m;1iIDIog[]ln)~ iiig-)Jn:{] rn;ap!e 'whldiTi ,I~ l\elerreJ to

;)S ~]al1l~ mn~fle hW II'I'$"tnm"'i~m, ma!k~r.s)i q.uii:teii'i m:i!plli!" ~nd rn~~'i'{loo, Some or thillse'i!,!\l;)il;) ds :Ire !iJiltlid .l!i~: d~m~Yh ~1r:J; Ib~nd .1 ntlh_$ ",vGO d U~nd~ng rUilPe.f~j,il'.s" t:"l'b~~ (J.1lli p!li,&e J;1., HL(]!'Vii''ilil'~~ ur ~hli'~ wei:! dS' arli; !';!ilt Udlil ~~ClIl,iIg&nitm.ll pru[pll'ill,y 1:l:Ii1J~ii!d~ tH1Ill'~ '9111~ ,1liidlli~L':db(!bt;:n~ w~l:n'i, h~:lIt :;ihdllJ '~l1inllll :!IIj;iilOi!l!i!i~ '!JfPl~~i:st~f.\!l' ~ll !i:if'(:",-'te .. ,1&l;i:J,t.ii~ \\1~th iii

rieDl, be a utifiJI~ ~;I)~ nd, VI'i)O:IIri.sand other' ~tr,IIri~(I ~nstru menlI'l: are most (i,f~elll rnade '!;\fltlri. bodles nf EtlropCillfl elJiriy oritgtf mllip~e 'Oir.; ,i 111 tin e lJilliltetJ S1;1iI:e5~ of CIiIll"ty ·1J,!".e~tem big.·1e'!lf m<t:p\le.WicJ(j d wed to cre~L4:e \1]olif.is, '!,1~(];IJ"~; aad Cl!~ ber sm !!ill '~1rdl!li!led in,tf:!J;me!1lt~: g:g .clllil ~:n;sjdef;i!bly th!n!1l~!" tlh:J,1iJj 'WI:! i;I rl ;r~~( (iBll.lil\llli:' ff\lgu rg 5-:2.4.1', E!Iil!lf;ill Ir;ii!t~ b1!?('(I~ to Im-lI::!Ib'lilI ·w.h!ilr:! bNld i Ill;g. ,!,"",(im,1!' I[J:F '1 hi!! m{i[~ h~!:!~d,.. fig);lln,'"4il of th!?Sii! ·,!\c!;m·w: dy~' l~ ~hil"i:r ~ni1l'd~dd"['l,'I!! ,~.a~t.1 .pill1t!l:rl"lls:.

F,;i:5!Ili!!li!i ,!!i:';1l!3:. Th~ (l!JI:llllr'!:i 'i!li!:I'e!: m'l!! C-!]I [l5.!!ru dlMl fl f 8J ~in~ 'I.!'~i1e~ ~'r '!'ro,,;;l

F~~ul\!IiI 544,,, lh~ 'M:!.;)dill"!ii3d1I!;i, ;;;i8!;1:e !IIi!Jina ls Ihimn@'.f"lih'Bll 'ihaI: ~::>ed ~!lf gl!.itaro;, 1"m:i. foffi'i 'far ;::j, violIn I>ide '1,\'3:3 rt'lilld", ,by' Frty s~wt""llOiilfld f~ilii. Y'Oy

~"'rn ,ae~ Ihow ·u,e form WlJi'b m"ih 00Il'! i:l!llV!!dleflemlf!i1\ in. p!ace\

5tQjr~t IJP tlll~ b~n,ding f'I'i,ac~inlB" whelfl yQ!Jr~ ready ,to w~ th~ wood. Tf"!i~ bet1ldin~l:ma<2hitll~ tak!BEibolJt 15 mimne~W lI1~t !lIP, wi'1ud-. is aIbClUl~ thesame amoullilit of ijme 'it til K.eS; tn f~,rll'f motnen tne: WQod.

S:le,p 'I. Spray ~f()th the -t,op al1di oo,ttom su rfaces of the wod with w~t.er, !;'il"ld k~~p 'H1!9r1'! Ifi@i.sl l'Or ~bO'\lJ 1 f;l mi~t::I~$, S09king, sre<mlin~1 or boiling sihmJki mol be r:le0e55ary,

Ste,p2. Place 'lhe wood! into the' ml1iChine" tm8kinH 5UJ'Ei! try lin,e'

up t~el"apl:i vilth the; ~pot that willl:t€:hf1~, waist of the '9 u iiar, Th€: m~hine has a $(;revj med"iani:<>rTI 'lJial: fon:;es '!fie wlJo~d dQ~'VJl i",I.o Ine 'l'l3.ist The block oGll~he end of the 5crew is the 'same shape as It€: '!J!Jita('s outside,

Slk!;p 3. Tao bel'1d thf.i$lidelO, a block of wood boltedto the ,$~t:D~!l', Q,f in ~ mach ifle, sj't1o<othly slides 'LWElr the stal n lecs!;l,,"stee'l blan ket until it mac~c:::s 11108 €lrIlei

of the Curve,

Yo ,.,i T

l1li, -

.'

MaT pVlan 3aLll~l....\ HHblVi a.BTOP I< ~M npaBOM

.I

'"

Step 4. FhlTleat fue process to bMd the guitar's bottom curve,

I I

f

Sit.9p 5;. Tli Fl"! {)Iff fhe' heat .:ll'ldaj19w the 1)'JI!)I}dkJ e;.ool, Thns. linarnfna Ila.$

s rheo~l:a~ ~tht;jiecl to oontmllUle heaLleVel.

}lin fn!lifli!! @r i!lfl 6l.iuld~ ~cll(J: f(i~m G!i11l b!!. C:~itlf!d mimgl :tb!! !tithimqtJ~ ,~~jjtiJM in 'c;;ltap~)!'1''!~ ·~~nM~ ~ndl~i!!il;lfun[~~:rr'?i ~Mi~ ifolflD:.J;," ii:i~ ~t!. 41, j!!/~ ~.~ tM (!Ilro with ~:n:f belldrflg P~COi, ~\II1NIi11 ~ ~Jnj~lIJ~lffdra~m/!iI: fir ~<fu:r~e· ~ i.I:!>e1 ~i'Ie:1liJ tmIa~~1 the f:\llm, ~11·:s.Uie· ifrc.!liCJI~~ '~r' rffli;it!:!lg! i1ty~T~~ IFIi!~iroieM~ '~II~e Jj·urdh9:>ediTglifi ~'t!P.miUI!lfi;"~ 1!llI~'Il~l!fIenl:-P1o!!!kn!,!g ~t;~!ioi!!~

,A~ Q~ '~e 1~f1dl~1 ~~~ ~rib~ !111 tbi~ ~~:P!~ 'It.!!'ra be ~~~,d r~ ~f~~~ WI~~ ~~~ ~1fIIf!, Th~ rni1lnijf.!lC:illi:iiro ~ii.dJIiiI!i!1 r-r(lfi:!!~iMl he If!' as .!lji,a;l~ble: i~f';om I:OcI !!ioo JtilIu!k.jj~ rii~lruiOO.n~~!iH'j,pplD!f~.

S1.811' 11., To ,ffiB.ke; ;aJ !)i:il!ii:.r EJd\!l1 u:s1ng a OC-llitllng ~1iM,.~ iUiiill ~ 1m. \!'i'aJJ1I'i ~lSI~ ;Ll,'I1~ tlben bend it attli!lull ~ B-Q11I,

Sit .. 2. B~M U;w; wnoo ,ill "[If!!' BI a.l"m~\, ti:iklftg II Ilea:_ ,Brid j'Oi'iIh t~~m "lme _Q!1 'klIlhe "fJQfm w"~he~, 1he ~ 'if"Jl'Iiii 'i.'lOtli;l ICin be ~enW Wi'lfl a 'iPr,~' bo.tife as :rI;1lU 'NQrk.;lf ~

5"" ,a, lAIlien ;rouire ~15f~wilh tne ~ ~: lI!ie ~Ide!jl Iri the' 1!lI'lit IlIn_d, 'tltey're' ready :tw O:S~. 'l'ihf:tO.ill ,aJlId ootii'1l'rrL aj'iJiIe glbtar Gan b~ a]~ 'nNIb 'lilioGi :s!!!lMi :ari,LI') ,~&; f!Mfll,

i51~ oiiI. 1iIr;e srd'~ 01: 'lhe'!irJil>ar allsccCll:IJ be ibeflt"iii.I'tI~odllhe ~!J!~hl:!e 61 ~ ~{Ilidl J~ lJ!~flg :a !biii!l!jdi!!',O ir~lfIt~e~~E! WiiJ as hli I~i(i ~~or box Ijlii\Ci}ccl nil lPag~ !![lB, Thi8 ij;"~dy 0'1 'ltltb gr.hCi!if .I:;; Ih;::n

fiWe~d~~ ,

M T ra

,1\" mn~~' ,"Q!lllJ~ieillGd m~l~l(Jd 1JI:f 1!Mi!r!g h~,M ,,~dl mOi!i:l:l!JJi~ !!1Ni(~lw~, !ltf!iiTnim(~ wood !!D a !>it~.alTl hCl._)l {f\~Ru,~ !l'h~;~} h~II;I~i! :b#mli!n8~t+ 111c!1i!~11lh!.~ ciid:lllJid ls :iilfir.::: e>Or.tIipn;;:lI~d. ~t !llitHiI'S: )'QI,Ji LL:;

.{'l,t't 'i~hii: 'ill.:!ilil.IIDnl..!m. h('t.'I:di :fffi.iii, the tt,lck,t'.s~ ~ii('ce 'I1F wCi,od, ~ili Uli~ p(i:'tl;J;Qe~~ he,at aii1u:!l, m,[ili!ii.[jr,~

are dril,II~!en d~;:;:p, Into the \i(1)(:id to :solitea'iJ It

tih r!:!!J;gillout ~[ It akes a t;r,.e,memjii]us ,[!j1ll01!lr.i~ {!if:' ~1':tij;ll.8e ('Or're I!CJ; ibemd a tilil.'G;k piece or w'O{l{i ~H~tmd :a ~:rljl:;l1I L"lldil.l:;;] '1II'i:lh@l;.n 'IJ'he 'woiJ,d cr:J.cki.n:s, :5pli~tITI_:g. [I r :bldil1i~jl.

Genertalh:ig' S~.eitm

'TlfiC',ro :aF.'ill :!:i("¥.li:f~~ wafS' to 11~~~c:r,ilit.c tih,=, ~i(N;J.:':i'.~iU}l' ,~~ii::)m atidlh~"'!, 1r'!}~h,1il:l m:~ ,I} ~li.:lI!l'i(it~k '1MIi!~i'g: 5-26). III, 'WfI!lpape:r. SI'ei)ffil.1r., Olf ilII can ,on a h.um!ii:J,r '0:1,' hot ,P;I<Lii~' WIUi <Ii 'llIIb,e .1t[llcherl t'L1! the: sl!tam 11001:. I hall!i1: used a teamer heoked lap' to the :,te:un he~~'I'!:!!: ~yslem (Ii~ !!in in(h.l:st~iallW!iIlilding~ [lJ:lcl ~. ,h;:r'l"e heard (If ~ome'!l!f.l:e el se u~,i.J'l_ig ;j '!lJ:nj~ ,til:t~t was bNI'i tt to ;Ille[ii!l"ir1,!;t~ :s;te~mFm: iI 5te'i!lnl rii.mm. in l:l~IiIe'r.i;I, h~w~'1ret. :tf'O'U, w!i.'lJt nei!'J to :8;me~iiil.e Uvmenclj~l;.I!:i 3'1'm:!tI'lLin!'!;; ~~f i5,t~il'I'IiTrIi!. \VJtJit: Is cri~u~81Iy 1m p'm:·tnDli~ ai :g,t!mng ~h!? h!<~~ 'h'! t.n!!!, b'lJlil; ttl mtl'rLl' ~h ftlll -:mVf '!91]"(:) lU1Q OJ:!; i~~ ti'l' :;j: l 2' f (1 tl(J,'q as lP (!~~iMe' iUi! urderffir ~h!1' '\i,1'()i~d: 10' 1b~l1Id, propi::r']y. Gei'icr.,nj,I)"r the I!iIIrs.cr t,hc !l1!1'ElI1l1 ho(!(, the ,~~;!,tlN' :Fl!m!:DlIlnl; or :~f,!;'i1!m it wmreillYif>!)'t~fiill ,md he;!)!; it.

F,~;t;!FO ,15:.:n .. A. :ij!Cltkm Ibo~. ~ :t~ 1tJk; oijli'l(l lfr'lii.dtl o,f pI~, ~ yo iii' 10 ~I!i dI

ilhkkr:i. 'WO!Jd. .

•

F~g!ll!l 5"2'il. A!}Clth~r ~. D'f :S~B:lJ'I'i ibDiI[ [;5i1il bl!l rm.lKie of Fi\tC pipE.

FVgg!l~ 5'2"", A f"!IC S'~1MI'I 'bo~ U:lIJa!!y 11M a ~Olt I!'I ene erIi~ fDr '~~ sileM'l !pIpe' m'ld a remOIJiabl'(:· !lkl,tlon the Nhi!:f IMid \ili;th ~ 1ili1i~ &al!id. !~r the :t~ 10. ~;::'.

C€iM~m(t1ng a· Steam B!!I'x

l'tit!" b(f~ ~'IJ IhiLJId •. h!1!· '!A1'CJiJ'dI as ~~. ~~1~3n]¥ :J'I~Q

'~~!lI l;l'ki::!' il. Viii!r~~7 ·I)f !'>~!ilPi!;~" f!tIU~ ,iI, lj9']n\p'- rfl:.i,[l:~ 1P'!:rW(IC]I~ lI:Je(l'X (iFltii!!'~ :~H!:7J ~rI a pll~ with u~@ ;!;D~ai~~ i"~d lin rr.,tlIiMI CJj~,t: ~1[i,iB :!Lbld the '!i\!'(I{t.{I iOillcJetl from. I,H;,I:. o~he,f.' It flgJ!ljj\~ 5·\'28)" 'Whali: y!IJu me l.i} ro·fjmut:i ~our :!ilt:fi!r:r.ubQ!!:. ::lind h!lJl~!,I' 'YO'Llg,eneri1tc the. tei1l'l'f~ n"'la(y dep.c'l1Id 'illS mlilch !Jp{m wh~t )fOG ha'ire 0111 ·Il~n.d 'iJ,r what yo'IlI, !:iill1I ei!l~:IJT iiLlld .il~ :1Iilikjll;hll1g, else, No· 11'I1:;n1'~r h{!lIj-iI' 'jIIIJo!J~i)I:IS~ ruct )mur steam box, '!b:~~3!re ::li lew :p'ril1l~lpl~s~CJ' k~[) .in m ~n.;l:

Si~,m. n;~d;s: to;illfi'!~~!" the.lbu); and Ig,liY' !I!'~n~y 'Q!i1(!lr' l!lI~ wDI)ll b'!,i:~yl:\i;l' U ,~Ii~~'li ~b,'€' 'b;g,~,

A. USh:tl}f SC(i~i!:~] hr~iI; ~j)lJJ!il (i'x!iilodc If C11)IJ1!I15h :stclllm pr~~rrc 1J~~]I:il:!i !!lilt, l~o :,l\f(:I!d ~ha~ :SCI!:if!9idD,

I n~ to ~lijlldl tjl1~ ho~ ,il~ i;i;gI'Ii: as: l)!OSsibie :an~ them, ()i]IlMrol wher.e theste-<lTI1t '~s>c<1ip~S'\o ,e:I1IS:tl ring stlli:<lim n~)'1!!fS 'l.ifi:t,Q, the bO::':ilOd P'IlSS:e..s (i'\FeJ' the entire surt::!!ce area !!!if the w'I]od b!!f:o-re .i1 escapes, if dlll!:' ~~:Il!l. OO'l:ne~ in ;Qnr: plaee "llind ,qUJkk~J! ~5C;,ijiP;e-£ ·'!IIIlthr.Fl.lt !!n~e-I1!I)' ,clJnr:i'[1~: th~\M1:i [J-d" then: 'II/fm be gold '5pl!l~fi:11!lJ th.o:: wu()d. \\!'hh:h "IM!IIIM' prrDI1iE! til' If:fMI:I\:i.r!il i:Dl;lrli1;g 1.1iw!- 1:lImdll'!!lj.·1lI [oC;Ii!>S'"

lh~ b~j( bll.tlWn, :I-nt figure ~"'~6 hii!> ~n 'l!"~lMy (\[Ii!' thil.1: :91;C,I],m h"l iIlL: Hlldd~~ iluoil, Wl'lt il:to~i[ffi! :ail eid~(l. 'Lm!d. A .st~<!J1fI. hoc!oj; made fwm i>l r,n~til~' or rIve

pi~ IJiru.atly wm h;lve iii. hO~!J} in one ~rudlf.o; the rt~!l!m pip'~ !;f1;~I1!t,~F ::!!~d ~ ,gm!QIli'i!lb.k!~,fu~ em

the ~1:h~1" I!:'-IlQ With ~ hole drii]eJ.i-n it ({)~ dll.e' $1)!)'!l!rn ~.o i!1~C"(I~ n'lp~' 5.~8), Tile' p!1J,S C;;i!:!l Il~ '~!i'lIO\d W:!t'E'J'li Imiitli]i,g i1!!ntd "":!1JllCkitdi!lg ~!l11! box. A.r.a-g st",ffii!d 111 ~11E! !i!li!d :ii!hio ¥fii!! ~~ 1fIi!f1ji '~~i;£,:! ~ A lIlfC1i!'.d ablD!.Jft 'u.s;ing [lve pipll'! fimr a ~:t~iilm 'bi!)'.'(: IOU ~\YilIJ II1t!l'U t.t! ~uppOtt '111'1: Innd~f81 U!l 0:1,' '11;'1: :pJ p~ t.tJ k~c;!~ ~he ~~~t fJf.{J .. Iit1I~olibL'f.I,IIn:s it. Itfl~ oW:fl!i:'Iii;~ rlliliii. ~:s ·iJ:i:1~il.ipj:!tlf.ittl'd, It cail! S1<l!g. A. 2~.4, er a rplii:ru of iitrt~k' :iol\(I fi, f;i;r~pp~ W 't'hiil h flt!iQm lOr '~'~ili pvc :~i,p~ !&1'i'Q!.Ii~d 6tT\giriliilOYE.h ~P;~f'ir-t. the :t~"VC .pip" t'h-,u js ~ !I!!~t !!:l!:h~tdlj,!J 1e-40 ·thk'~~!l'.S~.

.A s:i:e~m box. should lI!Iol 'be CQll!Si.dletiol·~I)' !.lJ.~j' th~I~1 ~'h~ !."!!iIQ,dj be!ll11: il!t~ m1w" lijl1!!!~~ ygu ::!!I!i~: i~Ij!~Ij!:~,~Uf!g ,i;!] !~~ atr!l~ll!!!ii.lfr!t of 'Sb~i!!·m. !t ili II: ri:tjc-~ II t~~ t~i~ ~hil!! 'h~3!t in t~,~ hf"l);; ~i~ d~e: 't,ii 212"1." (lO[t(:) ~:\1 :P'IJ ~S"illbk'-·~~; (hl1'~ilIr~.l' i:lit: ~i1sj,cl.c: 'If th~ 1m)!, t~~e mere ~t.eij,fl'il ~~. tifU] take 'U;;)· fill it: ;arid ltg, k'li:ep [lThe lijl!'l1UiP~r.i.'ti;.Irt h'l!l:h ,ef:lol.l~ljt riliddiJ'iil:! eanbe adJe'lil ill'{iumd ehe MX te h.~jp it rel;3I~n m{jX<~ 'iaeiill U:iii,~!lI!re S·;2,'p.

Tbe ~'Ood imus'i: 'be slI,s,l:lendied i.ni,de thf:' bg~ so tlhe ste:'.mall'1l'35ily· tSu.!I'!'t!IUnd it,. The hO';I; lI:li!OWfi UiililM:~ 5·3JOl h:!~ hO~r!!:'1 cl~m~d ill r'm,e :5iid,~!:'i 'r!)!'" dowl!lb lig rll!Tli '~lI:lFgiS!1:th,;fl' widHli ~f tha;: hU:l:.,. ,MI1!~i)~rod:;;: 'iN 1111 'iII!Il)rl;:: Sils[J'!, but ~llC)' wiJI n9"l/C I~O· he ~!9Ifl.II!il:!o 1t.;lc·1 to :pi;ll:velii~ '!]Tt(:lfr1! :fif'(,t.tIii .

. ~u:I(IIi;nB Itl:u: '!!rllllj)~.I.

J'Ugulig !.~o." DowBI:;: :lL1'e en flO{.:)' '!i~' ·t!;! ~$p(!r<d ·tl1a¥rooo in:sidGJ mo&t ~F'e!l af sm<l'l1 bm~

16 iliI~ .. I! ~. ~~iI mlboi fmfliil pVC pip~, itWib.!· ~'Il!~ ~lli i'o:lW!!! Ih~%t!I~~1 tml·s.aoo li:'illi~iii~Ii!lI1,jOOy; ,Ii ~tISl.tl, 101 heavy PVC piiP~ iII!bo~t '4,~ flGtm'~ In cli~m~ll:i: <til dM:11 Wj'~ l!i bil. tll!!li ~m (if yti!iJ1i 'inilow Iho.~1!f)~rill ~"'ClSm:1IIII) bit. ,[!I !OIie.ilIm i-J~I;e, Il'!{( ~~melil1;. t~ W ~~I:'I"iI-t!lllo!i!Tietef:d'~1IYe1:!:,; ;at.ha'M~$;iIi~ ,Il iUI.r.ldilaW.

5_:2. G~ lf1~~d ~~!¢ Iti:!:eP\iC~ ru$l'lg P\it' cel'llel'iL

M~c ~1lI~e Ii. ~,~ pi\OP~i\'" ' . ,

SII.8,p' S. 011 ~ rIiIQ~~' in IIhe plflli ~Q~ 'I.hf1l wi!lM-S;ujlpoMliiilQ do"",Il~. Th~le ~!:!Iolld !}; 'il1~ 5e1.!l' ~!'II'!ol~ ~'g;r 1tJeJIi1~ d'~!~. 1;(1:' led be'ICiIW '!ttJe ,c~n~.E:'f'dlamel~r af '~e ~ am: ~f~oukl be 111, the o=;t:llE!r O!f the 103n;gln. and 'lhe;dlJ.ecr:&: si10udd be 8cJ; rr~ illll. ~ .. ('IO!;im) 10 'ifOffi e~ tmd.

5t,..i5.ftloJ!l C)l]lIlIpfi2;'~d PVC"I~ :b!l(lj :!ll'l~ Ioo!i;, Ii}!)!! tl'lib'. (')fjil:e a 1:!O . .m~~d iMlG'. wcOO,!'!ihi;D 'IIie.loJj~n~~iI:'l\iLIli ~ ~

S1~ ~. ~"1jIt1! o!;;!DIN!!~ 11Ift"",J.£f~ the' ,i1;:]~ ElIiHd i:i 1iI~1 ~ !.lIlit"ng 0. hillmmef. lil~~1 ~h~ h"j'jtl::<i~ ~w off Ih~ d'fi.wcfc::!jgj! IJ!Ibj atrc! IhTsh wi'iIl if1~ ~. ,

Figul\a 5;;32.,}J;. ifll]r£!' IJ()~ wmer '!hl:!' fO~m

ir1d~{g 'kMp' iliW::Fflhing: (DnSlru(;tiing a ,Propeli' IF:OI'IIlJl

Ilat ml~ rorm I'i!!i$ ~ 'Y(']l'l ~~s!ft wl~1 WlI'ntiitli ~i\l'l} ill!}UigI'I~~~ ltfYW }.'(!1.1

clelll~ 0'11 'ihi:: b~lom

lila! @~ tllE!! fll~m ~tl. 1;',ilI~1 ron~t .. LtI;~ ItJ,~ tF1'! rm {all' st!ll'iJlifn i)(md I n;g. ''rhe

l';Je dal1f¢'d If! a \il~ s'b ap;;l (lr I:ne curve I~ usually' rniil,d'1): fmm ~ stack of :pl]fw,(j o-d """r, M,I) E:, "md eonsrmcted !iI,IiiJ :sII:jljp~lcli if I thi!l !l:!].m~ me!:!'ll"!~r ;,].'Ii the :S!h..!Ik!i!f b!l:!: f,p..rm described {I!!1i .P;l.!,~~ n. H·ii:fQnl' ~~ ~egh1!~ the;r.~ ;!~ !i[1,ffil? other r~dC!lrs tfl O\!!~!l.!'d~r h'efo~ fQll!I !b~hl! hild~:nEl ::Ii t~r:fT!. for stl1':)m h~flicli!il~

'fhJ~ f9'~~ f.o, i!iii~;i!!m hoodi:P8;. r!J!l!!1\~i!i '~g !b~ i5hirdy, H: ~l:ps t1l :iiri~~.dl a d~Jt til thoe hO'UoDU

I1r :It S!fl, It ·t:)i1I hill" .d!i!i1ltip~cli I,I~ ~IV.lIS;,:". II. J~ ~11i!'l '!IL'ty bifliltiZllk:Ja!J tit h.r'ltt ,'I. botli"clli11m:e;!J1i" Ih::lll the: S~2.t of thtl ~it.'!''C' lin,~I'H :Ihc :f!J,rm to '!:tiirur.!<': II'hil't 1.1l;;} !llut~-'I CDm~_.:: I,'!!Ui~; :f'I;;I!t ~ F·igu:nl S:"3li.

Ug;e"E!IlI!d bIJiflii;llkS, ;~!Flld.·;1 Ci'1iiJ].PIlPEii~iDn. iiiUi'ap hil' :!1!iJ\p tile' ,!Jhidl!; 'WDQ!I11I 'bend" ''l:'o;u wm f!;red! tQ IlI!S:1!' trf.a;i. <lind ",i'miii' to de~;!l:fjnll"!l' how fer :from lh~ ,Lm!w;. gn :pla~ ii~!Il' blo(ik~ ~ i'~ h(l:}r iiliN too close to the !l!'n~s. (] f ihi.': ~IXI! 'to be bent, ItJere wl,1i h~ teo nmcb c(l!mp~$_'::!(:l!l. 'i!,fhic~ wili :i'¥fe,r~n:t th§!~,!,or,;d Fr~m bt!.n;l,d~ng ~]I'iJrthew!!r ;;!rmm@ tile {prm. ']ho nl!.J:cE. end pr~MlI:~ C!1r1; '(;!!!l.!!l!e thi1' '!1.1!!)!;iIJ fI'tJ..er~ ;(In Uloi1' \V!!l![!!d;~ insid~ to fnM 'b(ill:;:lL:. ow~ (11[11 dtE:~~~i·~·~.ll;, whi~n .;;::iI" ":1!.'!I!~e wrirn'kIil!!i!Df fol.:b;o(!1 ~h~ 1j!,;Qad"5

:illrf:J;i;i~. 01]. ~he Qt:hl!'!i hand, ihhii! tE'fiiQ blecks :mre too filii' ;ilW':[~]l !ffiim the !L~nJd's ,[ .. f :tltt!l' 'v.'\i:![t~L tfl~\fi:' '\WIi'I~t :b;t !lino!JIsJIJ end prlli~$ij]re to :p:f.\i3vtnt dllii: grdlfl Oit thcOi.itE'Ld>C' of ~ITIC' l":1tr'ii'l'! fli"Dlfi $.p,lI'1llnl; ,(i!li·,inwe 5-33) ..

I

5 T E P -.B 'Y - S T E P: SbarpelidnQ a "lane ~ron

.. .

"'S~p ~, lap tlw pJiilf'le. 5:o!e QIl ~~IP'P~llg P!I<IIl@'B. lil@'S-@- ,u@' IPI@Q~S of %" pli3t~ glas:s

With wetl.i:dfY ~®dpO! pe~ ~tOlichw 'lO~hem mth tW(l~ .. ided' t<!p,ie O.t'1lipFoilY iijldlne~ilj');:,

For :3Jd@ta.i'I!!CIiI di5G!J!.;~an of-Iappillg :3Jll'Id ~<lndpa pef, $ee iP~g-.eAa CGll'or thesQle (bono,{11 of the p:!i;!ll'le), with ,a felt fIl;a~r. d~~i),~Ff <l ~w>f:!f!:"OP~ 9f wll~~tr,~u'lthe I~ppil"g p~~, and work diowl'l 'l:fff0!.1.!>!,1i the grits Ill'ltil:l1ib~ mari~r mlordisap9'l~cilr.s compremly. D¢r{t ~e!t'lec~~he bl!2i,~h"~ll'jceh::l!lp ~WOi'il. ~t;li!fd the blade 50· frdoasnrt-pmlrude" i:l!Jt le<woE! i:l!:

I,!'I tfll'l! pl,uu;! ttl ma~I!'I't2Iln .!ltOr!,!,\1lJ~ t~slpn, or true 501~ won't ever be lliit·.

.. S~p 6, The GillP iron a,l'Idi the le'l,!\~r ~alP

of .. phlil"le'~!e>i:IlIH~ tn~ I ron" Fh.llf"l .HH<lm D:nd i']9!'i!i!iOlelf¢$:s tile, l~rri:<lIp to I!'r'ia"Lk.;;! s.L1W U'~ pe:rfectly fla~ berore you j)la~ the (~JP iron belO'l/>' IL Also n~ueri the ~"'IP 110m wn.!!re- it

~ nti'lct~ the bJlad~, uili[ng a flat stone IJJ the lapping pllalte,. TIl~ ~p IrQI:'! I'i'a:!lt!:) hav@fulll ~O~l1t,a~t <II! th~ w<!'J O!CI'Q~5 [h~ bl~!I:;Ie, mlo!~t

be po"iti~Piedl;so that ~1i: guid~5 and bre<li!Q; !J1:i~hiil\,lrngs aSih!!,yfmml al1~ mlJ:!lt p F@~nt 5j1a\l~l'Ig/OofrrQm benll9 ·tr:,apped Iboetween i'ir.se!f ami th~ lJ,~de!, AIIW"~ap whEl~llO€!\I',@'r :b~IWff€!n ~hn;: blad'MIIl.;i thecalPc iroh Wlil jOllm ~M [!JO!nJ~ lillith si1a~i ngs;;litlld 5Hver:il on ·the second or, tJ'Iirrd streks,

j,:S:1gp,' 2:, Flatten th'e b.d; (therat:eo,vith rIO.; b~l) onthe IlalPping IP!atJl!!!;,:Yo u nasd to f!.a~tell ~r'lIV th-E: W'to, ~" i'!e<!!~t tQ the ~i.!Uihg ~gie.A.f1er 100Rl!ling. woJloi ~OWfl t'lutllJglnlh;~gfitsflfOm y-our (OOlrli@Slt stone to your:f1n~:>t •.

.. ~1!~f;!::I. To glri:nd.tl1-e .primary b~\i'el, :Set OJ Illo:riirnQI guRIE! to 2.5 dli!gr@il!!>and worl!1"down thii'Q!;jgh the: s~o.ne!O.frorn wa,r.se ocr rneguili!'!li. MQ'I!'e ,the ir~n aECl~.I!id(llht:fle .5,toFie to ~'1rnd WBi3iril"lggr:c:!OOV@S (g~ [ps,ge 2\4).

..... :St-. 4, I%!~t ti'i@ gllllfd'@ lor twu I'filot'@ ¢ieilj ree:;: to Ol/·dEl<glr,el;5. fl;.r $~fq;w>QOl;I$, whi!e- 28 degll'ee5,il> [better forr haJrder·,Spede5. itf!!:p@,n lh~ hon~l)g pFOO'~"s:!l to ,t:~tl!! ,8 ~e,;~n~iill)' b;evel, I,!: ;:;h:Q!J Id be' iillbQl!It W' wid@cWorkall th@, w-a.:y doWn to a PGl!iSilli:ng W;;iilie'.r !!:tonoe' of.at lea:St~1) gri't,.,<!f'qd Rr'mrably 80,00 ~irl oilslo'lle~, a nar,d Mack AFk~~sais is a dOSE!! Ilqu"hlla,h;!l'It},

.. :S'tep \S, (liB FlJI! !il strop p~llg wih~~1

with iPfe~}'::lJt Gold or!il, sfrnfliil,{" OIfImpoYrlIdI, and pa~5 the blade qu ictdy oil.;'rQ5\S it

~rnoQvl Filgc tn\i!! tiny b urr 11(!1t iby v~ry i1d\~ ;:;~1i):5. Th~ wheel ;:;i:io'<lld J;;io;: fltlm;ing "IQWly, 20Gl~(I 300 rp<l'll. You carl repla("@ thi~ step

'bl!' "si-r-fa "....r if1 bu,r£O)<" w"" ''''1''' ',- 0 - ""1'1

.", " .. n'l:j II~'.g .1'lo; n a .ern; ..

grnil'!d~r, u5~ng thesarne eompeund

.. SIl!P'7· .A:Ssemb!e t'ne- p~OI!iie W;1t!"i ~$ IRU-e as p.o:>5ib~-eO"f ~h.;: Iron (b~R;de} JprotUlidrng D@'lowtn<! SGl9E!, Pla~~ tilE! cap iron c:orf€!ctl!l b~:r.oJe IQe:kJng it in p'd~!;;e; A S;09't;i ~talrtin$l fiRm is·v.,t' 'U'P,fr6lil1l the (;iIIIUiUige,dg:~ ohtilOli!' blad)e>, atfld i<!i!'p:erfl'fnenJ from~h€!r,e for perf~.;;t re-.sult'5, 'lhe fi r·M ~n:iiS.take tlYl<llt Pie"" woodwori!..l:l,rs mak~ With plane\S is having ~I:J~ r~n flro~n.lld", ttiO,r~!",~o\Fdl'!gt~e pl<l~ to .t,a ke oil thic k ~Ii!l;e 'tilJ wood imlead of oil d"l13Nln,g" lS,y ~tart~n9 !.i'!filh Io!iIIn'\o~t t\L'!, conta.~t a nd ;sIQwiy i;r1~re.<I!~~rI'g ,.the eil:pO~Uire,. yOU! csn reach <l ~pot !lfhe~.@ th@· pl~il1e tdk@,B~hin, l),l'Ilifflfim rl bb[]lISfwlt:l'rlfiniLIi!llly I!Ul !'e!l~ft:3m~,