ffi

PROJECT
DURGAPUR LIMITED
(A GOVERNMENT OF WEST BENGAL TJNDERTAKING)

SUMMER TRAININGREPORT
DURATIQN: TO20/0712010
21106/2010

SI]BMITTED BY. SANJIV

SHOME.

U.ROLL 07 1230116020

STREAM ENGG.
ELECTRICAL

.TH
SEM o.

ID EE/07
/37

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.

OFENGINEERING,KALYANI.
JISCOLLEGE
 ,!

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

THISISA REPORT
ONTHEVOCATIONAL TRAINING ON DURGAPUR PROJECTS
LIMITED.DURING
THISREPORTICANNOT HARDLY FORGET MR.ANUPGHOSAT
{ASSISTANT
MANAGER OFTRAININGDEPT.DPL), MR. A.K BHATTACHARYA
AM GREATFUL ANDI
TOTHEMFORPERMITTING ME UNDERTAKE TRAINING
IN HIS
REPUTED CONCERNFORA PERIOD
OF4 WEEKS.I ALSOPAYMY GRATITUDE
THEHEADSAND EMPLOYEES TO
OFALL DEPATMENTS FORGIVINGTHEIRVALUABLE
TIMEANDCORPORATION WHICHHELPEDA LOTIN CLARIFYING OURDOUBTS.

3'oyearElectrical
Engineering
JISCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING, KALYANI.
In this modernworld the dependenceof electricityis so muchthat it
hasbecomea part of life.Therehasbeeneverincreasing useof electric
powerfor domestic,commercialand industrialpurposes. Thisis
achievedwith the helpof suitablepowerproducingunits,knownds
power plantor electricpowergeneratingstation.Thedesignof power
plantshouldincorporatetwo importantaspects.

powergenerating
Firstlythe selectionand placingof necessary
equipmentshouldbe suchso that a maximumreturnwill resultfrom a
minimumof expenditureoverworkingof life of plant.Secondlythe
operationof the plantshouldbe suchto providecheapreliableand
continuousservice.

"DURGAPUR PROJECTLIMITED" wasestablished in the year 1950.lt has

one powerplant,water worksand cokeovenplant.Our interestis
regardingthe powerplant.lt has6 runningunitsof total 671 MW
(300+30+77 +77+77+L10=67 1) generation capacities.
 DPL OVERVIEW

Formation:
The Durgapur Project Limited is a govemrnent organization incorporated on 6th
September,I 96 I
consisting of coke oven batteries, by-product plant, gas-gnd projec! thermal power plant
and
water works . It is under the administrative control of the departmentof Power, Govt. of
w.B.
Location:
Theorganization-plants andadministrativeofficesarelocatedwithin 3 km. from
Ddrgapur
RailwayStationand 1 km from G.T. Road.

Business:
TheDurgapurProjectsLimited is the first undertaking ofthe Stategovt. which hasbeen
engagedin developmentof infrastructurefor industriesandwasgivent}testatureofan
"Industry
for Induskies".It hashelpedin developmentofvarious large,mediumandsmallscale
industries
in andaroundDurgapurandotherplaceswithin the state.

Activities:
1. Gederationof Powerand its distributionat l1 kV in its licensedareain Durgapurand
transmissionof supplypowerto WBSEB.
2. Productionof metallurgicalcokeof Blast fumace,foundries,etc.,cokeovengasas
industrialfuel andcrudecoaltar availablefrom its recoverytypesof cokeovenbatteries.
3. Treatmentant anddistributionof waterfor drinking andindustrialuse.

Infrastructure:
Land- l9l0 acrescomprisingof 1060acresfor plantand850acresfor township.
RailwayNetwork- Separaterailway exchangeyard,@COPsiding)with railway
maintained
Wieghbridgefacility.
 o
)

Powerplant3
Theorganizationis generalingpowerfrom its sevenpowerunits with an aggregate
capacityof
701M.W.anddistributingto its consumersat variouscategorieslocatedin its comrnand
areasat
Durgapurandthe receivedpoweris transmittedtbroughthe WestBengalStateElectricity
Board
Grid. Thecompanyensuressteady andunintemrptedsupplyofpower to its consumers.

More facts:
DurgapurProjectsLimited'stotal powergenerationcapacityafterthe recentrenovation
andupgradation,todaystandsat 401 megawatt(MW). It is qngagedin all the three
functionalareasof a powerutility -Generation,TransmissionandDistribution.It
generates anddistributespowerin an unintemrptedmodeat grid frequency.It hasa
clusterof six generationunits of differentcapacities.The largestrmit is of I I 0 MW
capacityfollowedby threeof 77 MW eachandtwo of 30 MW each.Two boilersareof
B&W, UK make,n'voof B&W, USA make.Theremainingtwo boilersareof Mitsubishi
andABL. Exceptoneof BIIEL make,all otherfive generatorsaresuppliedby Siemens.
The coal input for all t}e six unitstakentogetheris 6669tonnesper day.The powertariff
it offersto all its endusers,is reasonablycheaperthanmanyotherpowerutilities in the
country.

The growthin powerin the DPL commandareais aroundi0% per annum,the current
demandbeingaround120MW which is about30%of the total powergeneration
capacityofthe utility. It meetslocal demandthroughits captivekansmissionand
distributionnetworks.

DPL's unit wise power platrt capacity,Coal input and Availability

:CoalInput MT/D

BoilerMake
Bdw, inaw,

iGeneratorMake Siemens Siemens Siemens Siemens lSiemens

Availability(%) 100 100

 '.1

More aboutDPL

Durgapur Projects Ltd continuously strives at not only maintaining but improving the
quality of its productsfurther. Water,air and noisepollution is controlledby
sophisticatedequipmentand monitoredclosely.The processcontrol laboratoriesare fully
equippedwith sophisticatedand computerizedequipmentssuchCSR , CRI , Gas
Chromatographand SpectraPhotometer.

The EnvironmentLaboratoryhasstate-of+he-artinstrumentssuchas Bacteriological

testing kits, Ambient air quality testing instruments , Stack monitoring instrument , Gas
analyzers, Noisemeterand Noise SurreySystems.

Durgapurtoday assumesa significantposition in the industrialmap of West Bengal.It

hasa whole gamut of manufacturingunits - fiom steelto power and from cementto
miningmachinery.In the growthandexpansionofthis industrialbase,Durgapurprojects
Ltd, the multi-utility company,wholly ownedby the WestBengalGovernment,hasbeen
playinga pivotalrole sinceearly60s.DPL-setup in 1961-isprimarilya powerutility
organizationbut it hasalreadymadea mark in the marketalsoasa manufacturerof world
standardcokefor variousmetallurgicalapplications.It alsoproducescokeovengas,
which is beingsuppliedto the neighbouringdistrict of Kolkata.It producesanotherby-
produc! namely,crudecoaltar. It's rich humanresourcesof450 highly skilled engineers
andprofessionals besidesaround5000-trained
work force.A ll-memberBoardof
Directorsactsasa watchdogofthe organization.

DPL todayis a renovatedandupgradedpowerutility. A total of six units of different

capacitieshavean aggregate4 I O-megawatt of installedcapacity.After fulfilting total
requirementof its commandareacustomers,DPL surpluspowergoesto the WestBengal
StateElectricityBoard(WBSEB).DPL is the only
powersupplierwithin Durgapur.

One ofthe biggest advantagesfor DPL to serve its

clients is its production facilities being logistically
linked with all the t}ree major modes of
transportation- rail, road and sea.Besides,Kolkata
and Haldia in the qrst, ports like Vishirkhapatnam,
Chennai in the south and Mumbai in the west also
handle DPL products. Cutting acrossthe states-
from eastto west and south to north- DPL is also
gearingup to spreadits marketingwings abroad.Theproposedlist ofcountriesincludes
Sri Lank4 Bhutan,DhakaandQuilon.

To ensurequality in everyiep ofthe productprocessing,DpL hasa well equipped

laboratoryhavingsophisticatedandcomputerizedinstrumentssuchasGSR,CRI, Gas
Cbromatograph, Spectrophotometeretc.Environmentis a key concernto the DpL
authorities.TheEnvironmentlaboratoryis equippedwith bacteriologicaltestingkits,
ambientair qualitytestinginstrunients,stack
monitoringinstruments,gasanalyzersetc.

The sprawlingtownshipwith adequate

infrastlucturefacilities speaksfor bpl,'s concem
for its mostvaluableresources-its emolovees.
Besidesadequate accommodation facilities,the
companyrunsa hospitalandaneducational
institutionto takecareof its emolovees.
 6

THER n*IAL PO }VER S.f A"TIO N

In thermal power stations. mechanicai power is produced by a heat engine that transtorms
therrnal energy, often irom c(lnrbustion of a fuer, into rotatiol'lal energy. Most tnermal p'lwer
stations produce steam. and these are sDmetirnes callect steam gower stations. Not all
th€nnal energy can Ile transfornred into mechanical power, according to me secon'f law 6f
thermodynamics.Therefore.there is always heat tost to the environment. lf this loss is employed
as useful neat, for industrial processes or cistric{ neafir'rg.d]e power piant is referred to as a
cogeneration power plant or cHP (cornbined heat-and-power) plant. In countries where district
heating is cornrnon,there are dedicated heat plants called neat-only lloiier stations,An iinpodant
tlass of power statiol'lsin the Middie East uses by-productheat fDr the desalinationof warer
A steam power statlon worl{s on tne Rankin cycle, stearn is proctucedIn the boiler hy utilizing
the heat of coal cornilustion that is then expanded in the prime mover {i_8.steam turoiney ano
is condensed to he fed Into the boiler again. The steam turbine drivds the alternator which
c'Jnvens meci'ianicaily energiyof turlline int6 eiec-rricenergy. This type of power' stauon is suitahle
where coal ancl water are avail3ble in abundance ancl a large amount of electric power is to be
genefated.

Thermal
pourer plant
I Coal conwaytr
Z Stoker
3 Pulveri?er
4 Boiler
5 Coal Ash
6 Air praheater
7 Eleclr'oElalic
precipitater
B Smok*slack
3 Turbine
L0 Candenrer
11 Trsnsforrneys
l? Cooling toweru
!3 General+r
14 HiEh-vdltsge
powar linas

In a thermal power plant. steam is produced and used to spin a turbine that operates a
generator.Shown here is a diagram of a conventionaltl'lertTtalpowerpiani.whicn uses coal, oii.
ol'natural gas as fuel to boil waterto produce the sieam. The eiectricitygenerated atthe plant is
sent to cor)sumersthrougn high-voltage p'lwer tines.
 {-l

Powat ttatlon tans

DEHNAnON: A fan can bc dafttpd as a volum*ftc machrna whrch fika Fumo mov.,s
quanddas o, alr & gas trom ona ptaco b arrofil'.t. tn doing so k ovarco;&'lCEtan"i
now by supplylng the nud wnh t"
enctgy n rcssary fot c-orrtatncC mot on.
',le
FANS USED IN POWER PLANT Fo/R Bo.'LER HOUSE:
t: Fo-read Ora{t,Fan (F.D fan):- To-tak._air from atmosphGr. at ambirnt tlinparatur.
rupply .''.ndalty to
at| tt.c combqstion atr can lattrrr ba 5t2.d to ov.rcom. rt't tnr lofloi
losras {pra3surtz.C syst ml orjust put tfi. air In firmrcG (balanccd draft unlt3).
2. In-ducGd Drart Fan (t.D fan):- urcd ohry in barancad drart unal' to suck ttra ga5.5
th. tr|mrc. A throlr, 1tt.m int? th. .rJt of
fiy ash tad.n gas.i at ta;p.ratur. of
126-2txt c.g c. sp.cd r.ldom exc..d,:ta9!!-Hrndt.s
tooor.p.m.
3. Primary Atr Fan (p-A fanl:- Us.d for putv.riz.d systam. Urualy 3tz.d ,or ISOO r,p.m du.
to hlghar prossurc.
4. Saar Alr Fan:-t sed to s.al m||r baarings, coar ta.dars and coar pip.s In
typ. mill. Sp..d d€p.nds on th. typr ot arrangcmrnts ot tan. casa of prassura

6-. Itnitor air Fan: - urcd to provrd. nlc._3sary combusdon alr to

damp.r ls provld.d on lhe dlacharg€ wrrlcn mdauliioi-to ttrc rgnitor. A control
pr.33ur. labout 75mm ot w.ct acros3 tgntto, wh,r arry lgnitor ii.tt t.ltt a conliini crirr-ri'nttai
ls h ;;t;;itt;;i;;;
t460r.p.m.
6. Scannar Atr Fan:{rscd to provlda n.cqs3ary cooling alr to t'ra ,tama scannaf3. Typlcal
sp.sd 3O(Xrr.p.m.

RldrnaradvG tcad haatino svstam

ECONOIdTCS OF FEED HEAnN6: _ t, s'E,am is btcd from a turbina ancr
talent and any supe ?€at Is may pos.s.ss tp e trcatgr, !trr, systlz, E mada up tE
bcc.rBa tt'c ftuid (s|r,am) grvq -ui is caltaat fegancfa,vQ,
t|f,at whtch wo.rtd dJimJiwsc waspc to
''rr-
GoNDENSATE SyStE/tt
A typical cond.nsat syst$ conslgts 0f tha following:-
1. Condenser (lnctudinghot_well)
2. Condensatepumps
3. Air Extracton
4. Gland cooters & L.p.heaters system
5. Deaerator

co roE rsER
The functions of condenser are:-
a) To provrde rowest economic heat rejection temperature tor the
steam Thus savrng on steam
requtred per unit of electticlty.
b) To convert exhaust steam td water reuse thus saving on feed warer
requlrement.
c) Oeaera6onof make-up water introducingthe condenser.
 e

di To form a convenientpoint for introducingmake-up wate.

Coal tji Electricitv

ft Trcat m.nt Plrnt

-a.r

Tne above crlagramasnamed and pointed as below :

1 . Chimn ey . 19. Down Comrller. 3T.CondensatePump.
2. lD Fan. 20. BR Header 39. Gland Steam Coolers.
3 . ESP. 2t. Fumace. 39. LP Heaters.
4. FO Fan. Z2.Bumer 40. Deareator.
6. PA Fan. zil. \l/ind Box. 41. B ol l er Feed P umo.
6. SCAPH. 24. ]{ot PA Header. 42.H P H eaters.
7- Air Pre Heater. 25. Cotd PA Heacter. 43. Makeup Fump.
8. Ecsnomlzer. 2€. Coal Milt. 44. Circulating Water
9, Feed Water Llne. 2'I . Caal Crusher. P ump.
to. Primary SH(LTSri). 28. Seal Air Fan, 45. Water Treatrnent plant.
11 - Fina l SH 29- RC Burner. 46. Confot Structure.
12. Platent Stt. 30. PC Pipes_ 47. Generator_
13. Extended Steam Watl 31 . Water Platent- 44. Hydrogen Plant
14. Reheater. 31. HP Turblne. 49. Main Transformer
15 . Su pe r Heat ed St eam . 33- lP Turhine. 50, Aux. Transformer
16. Cold Reheat Line. 34. LP Turbine- 51. A l r C i rcui tB reaker.
17 . Hot Reheat Une. 35. Condenser. 52. Cooling Towers.
18. Boiter Drum - 3€- Ejector. 53. C T P ump.
 I

Essential Equipmerrts in poril,er Generation

Tulbihe
The conversion ts generaily accomplasheclby passing tne fiuad through a system of stationafy
passages or vanes that alternate with passages cDnsistingof finlike b'iades
ittacneo to a rotor.
By arranging tne flow. so tnat a tangentiai force, or torqu-, is exerted on the rotor btades,
rotor turns. and work is Bxtracted. A steam turlrine coniists of a-rotor resting on tne
bearings
enclosed in a cylandricalcasing. The rotor is tumecl by steam impinging agairist auainto and
or blades on which it exerts a force in the tangentlal direction. inus a steam turbane vanes
coutctbe
yjeweg as a complex series of windmill-iike arrangements, alt assemblect on the same snaft.
Here three types of turbines are used-
(i)HighPressure TurbtneiHpt,
(ii)lntermediate PressureTurbine(tp).
(iiilLovy Pressure Turhine{LF,

G€ncrator
G.e-neJatorsdriven hy high-speed steam turbines are almDst always constructed
shafts. The rotor diameter is usuatly limiterl to a maximum of aglut one meter wiul horizontai
hlgh centrifugal forces produced- HigrFspeed generators areiniroieo within a because of the
stator houslng illat extends between tne bearings at the two enos. ctosed cytinclrlcai
gas circulating witrtin the housing and also rrequentty through cluctsTney arJ .ooiio ny-dyorogrn
within
veqy',large generators are cooled by circulating waier tnroirgn tne stator the stator conduerors.
This is a synchronous generatof- and rotor conductors.

Transformer
Device that tEnsfers electric energy from one altemating-cuffent clrcuit
clrcults, elther increasing.{stepping up) or reducing to one or more otner
clown)
change voltage through etectromagneticinductioruJf {step-ping;ifletc the vonage. Transformers
builrJup and collapse with the cn-nges in current pdssing *-*:. tines of ,orce (flux unes)
tnrouln tne primiryioil,'lune.rt i,
induced in anouler coil, called.the seConoary. uonaiu is calcutated hy multiptying
:19-q113.y voltage hy the ratio of the number -Ih-1:econgiiv
or turns rn ine ieTondary coit to the number ot
tums in the primary coit, a quantity caflectthe turn's ratio.
Circuat braaFer
A clrcult breaker is an automaticallFoperated electrical swltch clesigned protect
circu.itfrom damage caused oy ovlrtdao or short circuit. rts nJs'i function to an eiectricat
conditlon and, by Interrupting continuity,to immediately discontinue is to detect a rautt
electrical flow. unlike a fuse,
which operates once and then has to tie reptaced, a circuit nreaxJi can
or automaticallyJto resume normal operation. circuit breakers be reset (either manualy
are made in varyangsizes, from
small devlces that protect an inc,ivicluitnousehoto apprraniJuplo-trrg"
protect high vottage cifcuits feeding an ertife city_ switcng';Jide;rjnea to

TYPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKER

lvlany different classifications of circuit breakers can be made,
hased on thelr features such as
voltage class, constructiontype, interupting type, and structuraifeatures.
1, Alr CircultBrcaker
2. Alr btast Circuit Breaker
3, Tank type Butk Oit CircuitBreaker
 rn

4. M i n i m u m O i t C i rc u i tB re a k e r
5, Sulphur Hexaftuoricte{SF6} Circuit Breai<er
6, Vacuum Circuit Brealcer.
7, Low Voltage European Circuit Breaker

Coofno Tow€rs:
Ail tfiermal power piants produce waste neat as a byproduct of the usetut electricat energy
producecl. Natural dr_^ajtwgt,gooling towers at nuctear power plants anct at some large fosiil
fuel power plants_use lalge hypErtrotic cnimney-lii(e structures (as seen in the tmage
-fired at
the left) that release the waste ne# to the ambienf atmosphere oy'ure evaporation
of water
iiovter left image). However, the mechanical Induced-draft or force+draft wit cooling rowers
ias s"-en in tl|e lmage to the right) in many large.tnermal power ptants. {nuclear power ptants.
fossii fired power piants. petroleum refineries, petrocnemiial plants, geotrrermir,'lriomass
ano
waste to energy plants use fans to provicte air movernent upward thiough do,r/ncoming
water
ancl are nol hype.boljc chiftney-like sffuctures- The inducect or rorce+orEft io6ting
rowers ara
typically rectangular. box-like structures filled with a material that enhances the coniacting
of the
upflowing air and fl1e downflowing datef.
In areas witn restricted water uie a dry cooling tower or radlator. dlrecfly
air cooled. may be
necessaly' since the cost or environrnental consequences of ontaining make-up
evaporative cooling woulcl he prohibitive. These have lower efficiencf inc water for
nifnur energl/
consumption in fans than a wet. evapo(ative cooiing tou/er-
where- economicalfy and environmentalty possibte. etectric companies prerer
to use coogng
water from the ocean, or a iake rrr rivef, or._a cooling pond, instead of ;
looring iewer. This
type of coollng can save the cost of a cooting towei bno may nave lorrver
ene-rgy costs for
pumping cDoiing water through fte planfs heat exchangers. Hcwever,
tne wasie heat can
cause-the temperature of the water to rise. cletectably. P*orryerptants
ustng natural bodies of
water for cooling must be designed to prevent intake of brganisms into the cofiting
itiie.
Generator Transform€r
Regarding to physical size of national power systerns, rate 6f power excnange
lines capacity are increased. oy usJhg or and transmission
voitage G[nnorogy. step up or generator
transformers incrsase the produce,: vditage of-6ignpiwer gerGrator! in griAi powlJr pilnts. Tnerefore
it seems the unique tunction of these traniformers is the increasing-of generatoi
voltage equat to
voltage of nationat grid.
But as you know. in small and individual pow€r systems (e.g.
industrial power ptant and
related power distribution system) the generator transiormers'are used
as thd electromagnetc
Intefface stage between g.enerator ano powe_rclistribution system- tn
this mentioned system the
transrnission anci distriilut,on voltage is'rfiedium voitage, ttiererore output
of generator may be
used directy in distribution system -

Coal mlll
I
A pulverized coaLfired boiler is an inclustrial or.utillty boller fl'lat generates
by h.uming putverized coal (also known as po\fldereo coat or thermal energy
coat dust) This type of boiler
dominates tne electric power industry. providing steam to ctrive targe
provides the thermal energy which produces about 5oo/oof turbines, pulverized coal
ffre worlo'i elecfric supply.
Raw coal is fed througn a lentral ioat inlet at fte top or tne pulJerizer
rBtating grincting table, mixing with classifier rejects returneb for andfalls by gravriy to the
re-grinding. centrifugat action
forces the coal outward tlle. grinding ring wnere it is putverized h;twee; the nng and three
grinding rollers- Grinding lo
load. trinsmitieo rrom the tensioh rods through the lo;dlng irame to the
roller assemtllles, nolds the rollers in contact_wimme grinding nng
The roilers adjustverticalry
as the depth of tfie coal loacl increases or decreases. A noz]zle ring
on the outside perimeter
of the grinding ring feeds prirnary airto the putverizer pyritei-Jno
trarnp rnetat fa1 through the
nozzle ring openlngs to be scraped into a re1ectsnoppjr. A sveam
of low-veiociry atr carrtes
 n
rl

|.+d
LA,/
ts-.

n
Itr-
:''t

h-{
V
F.t I
ia
iE
Uq
n
+\\
.'rl
lir
rJ
Fnl

/a
\J.,
'Y1fi-.'
1..,1'l
'
,ffi
.Q
l i a r' r
.h r- ?
.(F't' o
,FT

\.J
;Fl
" t..J
f$,':'
, f-t
$D
s.
O,
H
td

'i
I
I
-J_
I
-*l ..1 -/1
r.'-- t.--.
I
L.,.._",,*.."."..,..,,,
.* .t lll
;
jj
t\
,i'**\ t
tl
tl
.r' .1".t.^"''
) :- L
t ,i l :\
i .l \
J\
\.
.\ ,,"
r*.*T-_-_-r_.-..-r \'-r-
***I,. i
I
"'\jti
,I
""--'--l--
I i'.fl
i' |
I I
tr-*-+,-.-1
I

I ,/ |
./;l
'Jl
{l I
I # l',,,i1
J.
:
,,,
J

i
l " i -Jl
; 'r
i i - * {- ',
!i 'i li*i
!'
II
i
r i 'l
.,.i ,l
I rt
I
I
r-.-".--.-*i--
!1 ',
i
\ ttl
;. . ,.i.",,,".
I /
l--n;*-.*"* ,i ;l -**1
, .t ,' 2 ,r ". - . l ,- ..,.,.
- :', l
.,''| 'i
iii :'r'l
| . rl I
i

'-.*_,'._.. a.-.' '.,|

 a t' )
t?

The steamgeneratingplant consistsof boiler

for productionof steamand otherauxiliary
equipmentfor the utilization of fuel gases.
. BOILER
A boiler is an indispensabiepart of a thermalpowerplant. In a boiler,
coal to produceheatenergy.This heatenergy we burn the
will makethe waterto superheated steam.
Thenthis steamis usedto rotatethe turbinJiotor
into ve.y trigrrspeed.From boiler,
steampassesthrough superheater,economizer,
and air pre-lreaterand then passesthrough
chimneyto atmosphere.
I.nDyepur ProjectLimited,therearesix boilers.
Hereis theunitwlse boiler
descrintion-
nDuon-
Description Unit I Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6
Bolier Babcock Babcock Babcock Babcock Ir4itsubishi ABL
Make & Wilcox, & Wilcox, 9, E &
UK UK Wilcox, Wilcox,
UK UK
Coal 504 504 t'260 t260 1293 1848
(Mr/D)

o SUPERHEATER
rnt tGutn p,oGd in the utiter is wet and is passed
througha superheater where
it is divided and superheated by the flue gaseson_theiiway to chimney.Superheater
providestwo principal benefitsfirstly, the
overalleffrciencyis increased.s"rorrJiy too
much condensation in the last stagesis avoided.The superheater steamis fed to tr-ubine
through the main valve.
. ECONOMISEB
it is basicallya heatchangerby which the temperature
of feedwater,coming
from high pressureheateris increasedtothe saturatioi
temferature or slightly lessthan
the saturationtemperatue.correspondingto the drum
pressure.The fed water is fed to
economizerbeforesupplyingto the boilir. The economizer
extractsa part of heatof flue
gasto increasethe feed water temperature.
r AIRPREHEATER t
An air preheater
increasesthetemperature of theair suppliedfor coalburningby
derivingheatfrom flue gasses.Air is or?v1nfrom the ut-orpt by a forcedraught
andis passed throughairpreheatersupplyirlgto boilernrmJce."r.The preheater fan
tie.at air exracts
{rgmnut gut.i andincreases the temperature of air usedfor coalcombustion.The
principlebenefitsof heatingtheair increaJedthermalefficiencyandincreasedsteam
capacitypersq.meterof boilersurface.
o STEAM TURBINE
t:tffXY}:.:^:4i]yv of ttr; steam
is firstconverred
intokineticenergy
is
:::'l:: :: ?lg: tf :"q1 rujerr,
velo failsontrre.-ilffi ffi; n,..j'"-Jj "..r,
citysteam
universally
usedasprimemovers
in all steampowerplants.
o ALTtrRNATQR
 3
t3

The steamturbineis coupledt. i^

an altcrnat.r.'[-healternatorcon'crts
of turbineinto electricdtncrgy. 'ttrc mechanicar energy
clectricotoutpuirr-o'i the alternators
the bus bar throughtransfornilr is cielivercd to
circuit Lreakersand isorators. D'
" ELECTRO.ITATIC. prrECrprT.{TOR (ESp)
There is variou gat tl"*[iiui."r.
precipitatoris very usefuras a.i]iililem pratetvpe of erecrrosraric
it gau."99y",efficien;;."n;tn"ipr.
electrostatic precipitatoraretrvoset.s components of an
of electroderinrluiu,lJfrom each
ts composedof rowsof electricallvgrounded orher.The firsrset
betweenwhich aredustladengas carteacollecringerectrodes
i" n"*r.'n. ".;;;i;i;il
...oni ,.iJf er.ctroaescoisistsof wires,
calledthe dischargeor emitrin!
erectrodes rhar.are
particlesare coil"tt"J in rtrecotte.,irrg.r.rirodes eachpair pararel
".";;;;i"cked
*i?#:.ash and ger..;up;rared from
SPECIFICATION OF E.S.P.

IN EACH SERIES
NOOr'etrarrren
pr-are vtl

4*6
NOOFTBANSpOnrvfEn
6* I
TRAFORECTIFIER
sET
n4?7 A
ot-HA 43180
D C V O[-T(K V
CURRENT(AI\4pS l, pH,q.S
H o,
360,157
voL17m 4 9 . 4 5 ,l. 1 4 8

HINLANDM
. BOILER FEEDptjt\tP

PowER(K
B4_IED
REVOLUTIONPERMIN U T E _ .- *
UENCY(HZ P H A S E(
STATOR
INSULATION-CLASS 4, 6600v,400A
RO'foR
EFFIC IE NCYh% RRELCAGE
POWERFACTOR(COS
TOTAL WEIGHT (KC
MANUFACTURED
Bi
 A
'l
t4

i^

. INDUCE D DRA UGHT FA N I

RATEDPOWER 671.4KW / 900HP

REVOLUTIONPERMINUTE 740
FREQUENqY(HZ),Pr{ASE(0) -50,03
RATEDVOLTAGE(VOLT) 6600
RATEDCURRENT(AMP) 1A
,a

RATTNG MCR
INSULATION CLASS F
DU'1'Y st, cD (MOTOR)
ALT 1000M
AMBIENTTEMPERATURE C
MANUF CTIJRE DB Y CI{OIviF'|ONGREAVES
I
. FORCEDDRAUGHTFAN:

RATEDCURRENT(AMP .+)
^a

- 6600
RATEDPOWER,PHASE(6) 375KW / 5m HP.03
REVOLUI'IONPERMINUTE 988
POWERFAC'|OR 0.8
MANUFAC']-I.JRED
BY BHEt,
r EI-ECTRIC OIL HEATER:

TYPE INDIREC'T
SERIALNO t -84.6C1-0S
I
NO OF ELEMENTS ti0
POWER(Kw) 60
BATEDVOLTAGE(voLr) 440
lFrArE (0) 03
MANUFAC'ruRED
BY PENNWALT INDOAT LIMI'TED
 \>

ALTERNATOR
A'c' generatorsare usuallyca'ed alternators
.lhey are also calledsynchronous
generators,Rotating machinesthat
rotatesat a speedfixed by the supply
the numberof polesare calledsynchronous frequencyand
machines.

:. goNSrRUCrIoN
similar to the other rotating machines,
an alternatorconsistsof fwo main parts
namely'the statorand rotor' The sltor
is the stationu.yport orthe machine.
armaturewindins in which the voltage It carriesthe
is generated.rire butput of the machine
rheiotorir tr'..olutinJi;; is taken
fr:,T;rfi*. ortn. il.,oro,produces
rhemain
-*rri,,*
l.wucrroN
Thevariouspattt oFth"Gl*clude the frame,statorcore,statorwi'dings
coolingarrangemen!. Theframernuyu. or castiron for'small and
steeltypefor largesizemachines.In order sizemachinesandwelded
to.reducehysieresisandeddycrurent
thestatorcoreis assembred witrrhilrr giadesilicon.on*ni *."r laminations. losses
2. tgro4 coNsrRACrroN
tvpts.Ft6Gristructionnamelv,
thesalient
poretypeand
"r,,"*HTl,T#:
ThetermsalGntil or projecting'Thus,a salientpolerotor
consists
.f
)olesnroiecrino
nrr+ffJ::::lfc
:tJiffiffi:"
:.*::**':,9,-",::3:T3;'y".i;"d;#."J:b;;*fi
;ff;"':::,ff;,orpores
andoperate
and operateat lower
at lower speed,o
sneerl sn it
ir ariu"n
dri'o- L' r,,^+^- !--L:
generators. d;Jilffi; mes called hydro alternatorsor hydro
lindrical rotor
A cylindricalrotormachineis alsocalled
a nonsalientpore.rotor machine.It hasits rotor
constructed thatit formsa cylinder.
lmooth Thecylindi.ui roto,
or four poleson therotor.cylindricalrotor lvpe alternatorhasrwo
typeaiternatorsaredrivenby steamor gas
turbine'cylindricalrotor fypealternators
aracalledturboalternator or turbogenerator.
Themachines arebu't in iit"*u.i from to Mv,ito over 1500MVA.
In thisplantcylindricalrotor typ. uri..nrors
"ii^ringsa{eused
for generation.
*
Excitation
*"*ip-tffii by passing
this plant there are two types of curent in thefield winding.In
systemused for excitation.
r) D.C. SYSTEM
Direct currentis required to excite
the field_windingon the rotor of
machine'D'c' is suppliedto the rotor the synchronous
field uy u o"!"n"raiol cdteo exciter.
suppliedcurrentby a smallerD.c. generator Ths exciteris
caltedlilot exciter.The main and
excitersare mountedon the main siaft pilot
of ,fr" alternator.
2) A.C.SYSTEM
 + \6

Thereare two types of ac excitation system.

Rotating system:this is a high frequency
excitation system'pennanentmagnetpilot
exciter and uncontrolledrectifier. static
excitationis generatorfed staticexcitation
systemwith controlledrectifier and rectifier
transformer.

* coqLING SYSTEM
In this plantcoolingis donein unit 1 and2 by
generator air. Theclosedcircuit air closed
hasshaftmountedfansfor circulationunaiori"ontur
aremountedin thehot duct.rn caseof unit3,4,5 watercooledair coolers
hy;;;;;;';oo[ng is done.Four
horizontalhydrogengascoolersareaxially*o*t"j'on
casing. ti;i;p half of the generator
 B I}

SPECIFICATIONOF ALTERNATORS
r UNIT NO 1&2 ALTERNATER

RATEDVOLTAGE r 1000v+-7.5%V
RATEDCURRENT 3440A
BASEMVA 37.5MVA
PFIASE I
J
SPEED 3000R.P.M
FREQTJENCY 5OHz
POWERFACTOR 0.8
EXCITATION 205VOLT! ,408Amp
CONNECTION YY
MANUFACTUREDBY bNUHLISHELECTRIC

. UNIT NO 3&4&5 ALTERNATER

RATEDVOLTAGE 11000V+ - 75%V

RATEDCURRENT 4650t4600t4330/3940A
BASEMVA 88.sI 81.5t82.5/7s.0MVA

3000R.P.M

POWERFACTOR 0.87l0.88/0.8/0.9
EXCITATION 381/3721384/366Volts,665
I 650I670I 640

FORF]2COOLING 1.05/1
.05/0.5/0.065
KG/CM
MANUFACTUREDBY

e UNIT NO 6 ALTERNATER
.I'\TDtr
L LL L
t
TGP234260t2H
RATiNG UUN I INIOUS
HYDROGENPRESSUREE(AlI\d) 2
APARENT
O/P(KVA) 137.500
ACTTVE
o1P(Kw) I IU,UUU
POWERFACTOR(COSd) 0.8LAG
RATEp VOLTAGE(VOLT) I 1000
RATEDCURRENT(AMPS) 220
REVOLUTIONPERMTNUTE 3000
FREQUENCY(HZ) 50
PHASECONNECTION YY
GENERATEI{TERMINAL o
MANUFACTURED
BY SIMENS
 'l t8

TRANSFORITER
r INTRODUCTION:
A transformer is a staticdevicewhichconsists of two or morestationary
electric
circuits'Interlinked
by a commonmagnetic circuitfor thepurposeof transferring
electrical
energybetween them.Thetransfers of energyfromonecircuitto anothertakesplacewithouta
changein frequency.

r CORB
The transformer coreis a closedmagneticcircuitthroughthemutualflux i.e,theflux
whichlinkswith boththervindingpasses. Thecorematerialandconstruction shouldbesuch
thatboththemagnetizing currentandthecoretosseb areminimum.Thecoresof transformers
arelaminated in orderto reduceeddycurrentlosses. Thelaminationsaregenerally madeup of
0.33-0.5 mm thick.Theselaminations aremadeof theso calledtransformirgradesteel
containing3-5%silicon.Thesteelusedfor transformers aregenerallyhotroilerjor coldrolled.
But in recentyearscoldrolledsteelis preferred
overhotrolledasit allowsmuchmorEflux
densitiesup to about1.8wb/mz.

. BUSHINGS
Transformers areconnected to higltvoltagelines,and,therefore,caremustbetakento
preventflashoverfrom thehighvoltageconnection to theearlhedbanks.The bushingconsists
of a currertcanyingpartin the form of a conductingrod,busor cable,a porcelaincftinO.1.
installedin a holein thetransforrnercoverandusedfor isolatingthe curint carryingpart.The
simplestbushingis a molded,high qualityglazedporcelaininsulatorwith a.onju.ioi rhrough
its centre.This bushingis used{or voltagesupto33 KV.The bushingsusedfor transformers
havingvoltagesabove36 KV areeitheroil filled or capacitorfype.

. TAP CI{ANGER
The voltageof power-networks suppliedby transformerscanbe controlledby changing
theratioof transformation of thetransformers.Thechangein ratioof transformation canbe
affectedby providingtappingson thetransformer windings.Ihetappingsareconnections
providedat differentplacesin thewindingsandtherefore, thenumberof tumsincludedin the
circuitat onetap is differentfrom thenumberof turnsat anothertap.Thetappingsmaybe
changedwhenthe transformer is disconnected
from thesupply.This is calledofi-circuittap
changing. The off-circuittap changingis usedfor occasion;ladjustments,as in distribution
transformers.Thetappingscanalsobe.changedwhile thetransiormeris energized or on load.
This is knownas on loadtapchanger.-
FERRANTI TAP CHANGER GEAR:

NO, OF POSITION T7
RESISTOERVALUE . 0.855c2
SUPPLYTO MOTOR 2 3 0V .
OIL QUANTITY:
SWITCHCOMPONENT 382LTR, (330KG)
GEARBOX 1 3 7L T R,(l lS K G )
WEIGHT(EMPTY) 7 1 5K C
TOTAI.,WEIGHT ll6 3 K G
MANUFACTURED BY SIEMENS
 t0 tq

o COOLING
th" ttansflo.mer is a staticdevicewhichconvertsenergyat onevoltagelevelto another
voltagelevel'Duringthis processof energytransfer.lossesoccurin the windinesandcore
of thetransformer. Theselossesappearasheat.The heatdeveloped in thetrans-formers
is
dissipatedto thesurroundings. Forthisemission of heat,coolingbecomes necessaryin
transformers.
The differenttypesof coolinginvolvedin transformers are:
l. Oil naturalair natural.
2. Oil naturalair forced.
3. Oil naturalwaterforced.
4. Forcedcirculation of oil.
a) Oil forcedAir natural.
b) Oil forcedAir forced.
c) Oil forcedWaterforced.

. WINDTNGS
The anangement aswell asconstruction
of transformers
variesin shellandcoretype
transformers. Shelltypetransformersusesandwichtypeof windingwith coilsshapedin
pancakes.In thatcaseL.V. andH.V. windingsaresplitup intoa numberof coils.h,achhigh
voltagecoil is placedbetweentwo low voltagecoils.Thissubdivisionof H.V andL.V coil
givesa benercouplingbetweenthetwo windings.Concentric type of windingsis prefenedfor
coretypeof transformers. Eachlimb is woundwith a groupof coilsconsistingof bothprimary
andsecondary windingswhichareconcentricto eachother.
 ll
It 19

r GENERATINGTRANSFOBJVIER
FOR UNIT(l&2)

KVA RATING(KVA) 37s00

RATEDVOLTAGE(ATNO LOAD)KV)
HV SIDE r32 f,v
LV SIDE 6r v
IMPEDANCEVOLTAGEAT 75"C I I .I O%AT ABOVERATING
CONNECTION SYMBOL Yndl
FREQUENCY 50Hz
WEIGHT OF CORE & WINDING(tones) JJ

TOTAL WEIGHT (tones) 66

QUANTITY OF Oll(gallons) 4048
MANUFACTUREDBY ENGLISHELECTRICCO LTD.
Thereis a reactorthatlimitsthefaultcunent.Theratingof thereactoris 6.6KV. It is
usedfor feeding6.6KV for theplant.
. GENERATINGTRANSFORMERFOR UNIT(3&5)
a

MVA RATING (MVA) 42.559.585

RATEDVOLTAGE(ATNO LOAD)KV)
TIV SIDE t32 lcv
LV SIDE II KV
LINE CURRENT(Amns)
HV SIDE 372.22
LV SIDE 4679.3
CONNECTIONSYMBOL Yndl
FREOUENCY 5OHz
TYPEOF COOLING ONAN.ONAF.OFAF
TEMPARATURERiSEOiL("C) 40
TEMPARATURERISEWINDINGfl C) 55
MANUFACTUREDBY B.I{.E.L.

r GENERATING TRANSFONMN,N FOR UNIT 4

KVA RATING KVA) 85000

RATEDVOLTAGE(ATNO LOADXKV)
HV SIDE t an
L)Z Kv
LV SIDE :' ll K V
LINE CURRENT(Amos)
FIVSIDE 372
LV SIDE 4680
CONNECTIONSYMBOL Yndl
FREOUENCY, 5}Hz
TYPEOI"-COOLING oFw
 2l
t1,

EARTHING TRANSFSRMER

RATEDVOLTAGE (V) 33000

FREQUENCY (HZ) 50
NO OF PHASE (0) 03
CONNECTION ON SYIV{BOLS Z
TYPE OF COOLING ONAN,
TOTAL MASS(KG) I 980
VOLUMEOF INSULATINGOIL (LTR) s50
INSULATIONLAVEL CLASSA
RATEDSHORTTIME CURRENT& 287,30
DURATION(AMPS,SEC)
ZEROSEQUENCEIMPEDENCE 209,9
MANUFACTUREDBY TRUVOLTENGG.CO.PVT. LIMITED
(KOLKATA)

EARTHING TRANSFORMER (CONNECTION DIAGRAM)

2 U 2 V 2 WN
 ELECTRIC OIL HEATER:

SERIALNO
NO OF ELEMENTS r-84-60-09
I
POV/ER(K
RATEDVo.TAGE_ryoL

MANUFACTUREDB'
PENNWALTM

lapggEp DRAUGHTFAN:
VITED POWER 6 7 1 . 4K W / 9 0 0HP
REVOL Ufi O-NPERM INL]TE
FREQUENCY (U.),PHASE
RATEDVOLTAGECVOL
RATEDCURRTNTAMP

TNSULATiONTLASS
sI, cD (MOTOR
AMBIENT TEMPMTURE
MANUFACTUREDBY
CROMPTONGREAVES

FORCEDDNEUGHT FAN:
RATED CUNNEIVTG
RATEDVOI-AGE CVOL
RATED
POWsuHase 3?5KW / 500HP,03
REVOLUTIONPERMTNdiE
POWERFACTOR
MANUFACTUNTOET

FERRANTI TAP CHANGERGEAR:

NO. OF POSITION
RESISTOER
VALUE
qulll.Y ro MOroR
OIL QUANTITY:
swrTCHqOMPONENT
382LTR,(330KG
llzlTR, (l tsKG
TOTAL WEIGHT 715KG
MANUFACTUREDBV 1163KG

AIR BREAKERISOLATOR:
RATEDVOLTAGEryOL
RATEDCURRETTGMPS
SHORTCIRCUITTTME (^-il4PS
II\4IlLSE VOLTAGE r050KV
MANUFACTURED 1000Kc/A
BY S&SPOWERGean r-ilr,rlTeD
 l+ 2-3
T SILTCON RECTIFIER POWER UNIT:
TRANSFORMER RECTIFIER
VOLT AMPS RATING 16 CONNECTION SINGLE PHASE OPEN
(KVA)
BRIDGE CONNECTION
TREQUENCY(HZ) 50 PEAKDC VOLTAGEry) 70000
PHASE(d) 0l AVARAGEDC cuRRENr (l'vrps] 0.23
low voLTAcESrDE(V) 380 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 6OUC
CURRENT(AMPS) A1 1
wErcHTOFCASEA Flrrnqc Kcl 600
HIGH VOLTAGESrDE(-V) 53 3 0 0 WETGHTOF THE OIL (LTR) 580
CURRENT(AMPS) 0 .3 rorAi, WETGHT
(KG) 1550
% IMPEDENCE s.79 MANUFACTUREDBY BHEL
WEIGHTOF THE 430
TRANSFORMER (KG)
. BOILER FEED PUMP
B4TEDPowER(Kw) 4000
REVOLUTIONPERMINUTE 2986
FREQUENCY (HZ),PHASE(d) 50,03
STATOR
4 6600V,400
A
INSULATIONCLASS B
ROTOR SQURRELCAGE
EFFICIENCY(n%) 96.6
POWERFACTOR(COS0) 0.914
rgTAL WETGHT (KG) 22000
MANUFACTUREDBY BHEL
?_!!{D UCTI VE VOL TAGE TRANSF o RMER:
A.N ia - ln
VOLTS 15000/{3 r00/{3
BURDEN (VA) 300
ACCURACY CLASS 05
HIGHESTSYSTEMVOLTAGE(KV) 170
THERMAL LIMITING O/? CVA) 1500
VOLTAGEFACTOR 1.2CONT/1.5-3.00
SEC
INSULATIONLAVEL (KV) 325I 750
TOTAL WETGHT(KG) 575xt}%
V/ELGHT
OFOrL(Kc) 100r 10%
MANUFACTUREDBY CROMPTONGREAVES
:CAPACITO R VOLTAGE TRANSF ORMER
FREQUENCY(HZ) ' 50
Hsv(KV) LlU
TNSULATIONLAVEL (KV) 325 I 750
EQUIL CAPACITANCE(pF) 4400+ 10Vo-5oA
cAP OrL (KG) 3 5 + r0 0 A
EMUOrL(KG) 65 + ljyo
TOTAL WETGHT(KG) 450 + Ijyo
VF 1.2CONS/ i,5 - 30 sEC
A.N la- ln
VOLTS 1s000/{3 100/!3
BURDEN (VA) 200
ACCURACYCLASS 1.0
MANUT.AC|URED BY CROMPTON GREAVES
 t\ L4

. PROTECTIVE RELAYS:

it detectsthe fault and initiates the operationof the circuit breakerto

isolatethe defectiveelementfrom the rest of the system.Therelaysdetectthe
abnormalcbnditionsby measuringthe electricalquantitiesrvhich are differentunder
normal and fault condition.
A fypical relay circuit hasthreeparts- (1) the primary winding of a current
transformer(C.T.) connectedin serieswith the line to be protected.(2) Secondpart consists
of secondarywinding of C.T. and relay operatingcoil. (3) It hasa sourceof supply,the trip
coil of the circuit breakerand the relay stationaryco?tacts.With a shortcircuit currentin the
line increasesenonnouslyand a healrycurrentflow throughthe relay coil causesthe relay to
operateby closingits contactsand it closesthe trip circuit of the breakermaking the circuit
breakeropen and isolatingthe faulty sectionfrom the rest ofthe system

(1)Selectivity (2) Speed (3) Sensitivity (4) Reliability (5) Simpticity (6)
Economy.
o Basic relays: Theseoperatewith the current or voltage suppliedby transformers
connectedin many combinationsto the systemelementto be protected.The two main
operatingprinciplesare Electromagneticattractionand Electromagneticinduction.
o Distance or impedancerelays: Here the operationis governedby the ratio of
appliedvoltageto currentin the protectedcircuit. The torqueproducedby a
currentelementus opposedbythe torqueproducedby a voltageelement.The
relay will operatewhen the ratio VA is lessthan a pre-setvalue .In operation,the
voltage elementof the relay is excited through a potential transformer(P.T.) form
the line to be protected.'Thecurrent elementof the relay is excited from a current
transformer(C.T.) in serieswith the line.
. Translav relay:
Here the balanceor oppositionis betweenvoltagesinducedin the secondary
coils wound on the magnetsand not betweenthe secondaryvoltagesof the line current
transformers.SinceC.T. usedwith translayschemehaveonly two suppliesto a relay coil,
they can be madeof normal designswith out any air gaps.It permitsthis schemeto be
usedfor feedersofany voltage.
r'
r Bucholz Relav
It is a gas-actuated relay installedin oil-immersedtransformerto protectagainst
faults.
Construction: I
A domedvesselis placedin the connectingpipe betweenthe main tank and the
conservatorwith two elementsthe upper elementhas a mercury type switch attached
to a flsat. The lower elementhas anothermercury type switch fixed on a hinged type
flap located in the direct path of the flow of oil from the transformerto the
conservator.The upper elementclosesan alarm circuit during incipient faults but the
lower elementtrips the circuit breakerfor severeinternalfaults.
 lr L{
tt)

* BUSBABUATEruAT
FleremostlyAluminiumpipesconfirmingto IS-5032areusedto anange
the rigid bus connection.The size of the conductordependson the voltagelike:-
1 . 40 mm
2. 65 mm
3. 80 mm
4. 100mm
The materialscommonlyusedfor the bus bar and connectionof straintype
areACSR and AAAC.Bundled conductorsare also usedbut with higherrating or to
reducecoronalosses.
The bus bar materialand size of it shouldbe ableenoughfor the electrical
andmechanicalrequirementsof the applicationfor which they are chosen.

When a numberof lines operatingat a samevoltagehaveto be directly

electricallyconnected.

e Bus bar arrangsment

a) Singlebus bar arrangement.

b) Singlebus bar systemwith sectionalisation.
c) Double bus bar anansement.

The bus bars and the connectionare supportedon pedestalinsulators.As

the bus bar is rigid, clearanceis remaining constant.The distancebetweenbus bar and
groundis not very large so maintenanceis easy.Now due to the large diameterof the
pipesthe coronaiossesare considerablyless.The systernis more stablethen the strain
types.

* CIRCUIT BR.EAKER

A circuit breaker is a piece of equipments which can:-

i) Make or break a circuit either manually or by the remote control under
normal condition.
ii) Break a circuit automatically under fault condition.
iii) Make a circuit either manually or,by remote control under fault
condition.
A circuit breaker is consists of fixed and moving contacts remain closed and
not open automatically, until the system became faulty. When fauit occurs
then the trip coils of the breaker get energized and moving contacts are pulied
upuri, thus the opening the circuits under fault condition when two contacts
are separatedthen in that small space between two electrodes a high voltage is
 I

L\.
t+

of circuit brc:rkr:rs
CLissification
.
a) Bulk oil circuitbreaker'
b) Minimumoil circuitbrcaker'
c) Self blastoil cirdfrtbriaker.
d) Forcedblastoil circuit breaker'
e) Axial blastair circtritbreaker'
D Crossblastair circuitbreaker'
circuitbreaker'
B) SulphurHexa Fluride(SF6)
h) Vacuumcircuit breakerIVCB)'

now vAccUM and SFocircuitbreakers

Llorvever, aremostlyused'
The circuitbreakcrs
The circuitbreakersarenormallymountedon individualstructures'
scction
havefixed locationsand the stationla;'outis ii',sucha \\'aythatadequatc
clearance from the live parts.
is al..va)'s

. MINIMUM OIL CIRC UI T B RE A K E R (MO CB )

9 5 4 5 l, 5 2 .I
DESIGNCORE A S ME S I rCV I I I DI V l
CAPACITY(LTIT)
(KG/CM')
wonrctNcPRESSURE
T E S TP R E S S U R(K
E G/C M
M A NUFA CTURE DB Y

. SFoCIRCUITBREAKER;

RATEDVOLTACE(KV) 145
NOnunl cuRRENr(AM!!) 3150
D D ENI Itr NT T \/ ( H7 \ 50
NETEN LIGHTING IMPULSE WITI{S'I AN I-) 650
\ tTvsr
^ I T ^ T -:tr PtrA..-K { KV \ _
". "rr

ffinreclqL 1.5
40
DU R S' | IO N Oh SH U K I U II(\,U I T
St-tonrctncutr enEnruNccuRRsry!
SYMMETRICAL(KA) 40
' -
44-8
ASYMMETRICAI.(KA) -- -- - *
SHOPRTCIREUITMAKINC CURP.ENT r 00
PEAK(KA) -
ouT oF PHASEBREAKiNCcu4BsNT'154) 10
0-0.3s-co-3MIN-CO
AT 20"C' lOlJ llpa 6.4 BAR
SFr,OAS PRESSTJRE
roTAt-MAssoi' sFoGAs(KG)
l')

T OT A LWE IGI.II'(K G) I 402

 td
la

ISOLATOR
By isolatorrvcdisconnecI a part of the system for generalmaintenance
repairi n.t purpose.Isolatorare t\\'o types and
i) I'lorizontally.
ii) V ertically.
Horizontalryisoratorstakesmorespacethan
the verticaill,isorators.
In a
substationhorizontatyisoratorsar6preferred
;.;-;;i,. tr tot ma-ximurn
influenceor substationlayout. ",

r A IR B RE A K E R IS oLAT o R:

L4TEDVOLI'AGrIryoL
RATEDCURRENT(AMPS
r600
lll9gT crRCUr
f |rN,,r:A MI' S 76.24
IMPULSEVOLTT\C,I
WEIGHT
r 0 5 0K V
1000KG/A
MANUFACTURED
BY S&SPOW ERGEARLIM III.D
 2g
, lt

CURREI{T TRANSFORMER

This is a stepdown transformerwhich stepsdown the currentinto a known ratio.

Currenttransformermainly two types:
i) BUSHTNG TYPE
This type of currenttransformeris usednormally within the
transformerbusing.
iD woulYp IYPE
Theseare simply mounted current transformer,normally
backboneof the substation.The completelayout of the substationwith piotection
is very much dependedon the .urr.ni transforrner.The locationof current
transformermust proportional with the location of the circuit breaker.
This is a stepdown transformerwhich stepdown the current in
known ratio.

RATIO VA CLASS ISF ALF VK

600-300- 60 5P 10 200
150/5A
600-300- 60 5P 10 200
i50/5A
600-300- 60 0.5 1.5
150/5A
INSULATIONLEVEL 6501275KV
STR 26KAl3SEC
MANUFACTUREDBY TARIT APPLIANCES& EQUIPMENTPVT. LTD.
 L)
{ro

{. POTENTIALTRANSFORMER
. This is a stepdowntransformerwhichstepdownthevoltage
m Knownratlo.
They aretwo types:
D Electromagnetictype.
ii) Capacitortype.
capacitor type potentialtransformersarecheaperthan
electromagnetic type. Electromagnetictype potentialtransformersare usedwhere
higheraccuracyneeded.ln normalapplicationcapacitorfypepotential
transformerare usedfor highervoltagedue to lower cost.
For synchronizationpurpose,anothertype potentialtransformer
is
used'Potentialtransformersare also connectedon ihe feederside
of circuit
breaker.

o INDUCTIVE TYPE POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER:

BURDENryA
ACCURACYCLASS
HIGHESTSYSTEMVOLTAGE(KV
THERMAL LIMITING O/P ffA
VOLTAGE FACTOR 1.2CONT/1.5-3.00
sEC
INSULATION LAVEL 325/ 7s0
IOTAL WETGHT(KG 575tIj%
xiElcHT oF OrL (KG) 100r 10%
MANUFACTUREDBY CROMPTONGREAVES

r CAPACITIVE TYPE POTENTIAL TRANSFoRMER

FREQUENCY(HZ) 50
HSV (KV) T70
fNSULATIONLAVEL (KV) 325I 7s0
EQUILCAPACITANCE(pF) 4400+ t0% -5%
cAPOrL (KG) 35!. r0%
EMUorl ({c) I 65 ! 10V,
IqrAr wErcHr(KG) 450+ 19o7"
VF 1.2.CONS/ 1.s-30 sEc
A -N 1nla
VOLTS 15000/a/3 100/{3
BURDEN (VA) 200
ACCURACYCLASS 1,0
MANUI.-ACUREDBY CROMPTON GREAVES
 1r 2b
cLl

O IIIGHTNING ARRESTER
l
A Substationhasto be shieldedagainstdirect lightning strokeseither
by provisionof overheadearthwires or spikes.The choicesbetweenthe two methods
dependon severalfactors,economybeingthe most importantconsiderationamongthem.
Generallyspike method involves structuresthan the alternativeof using earth wires.
Sometime separatinglightning wastesare used on the sub stationon basisof the sub
station areaand height of the bus bars.Generally an angle of shield of about 450for the
areaconsidered-ailequate-fo} the designof lightiringprotectionarrangement.
Without direct strokes,the sub stationdeviceshaveto be protected
againsttravelingwavesdue to the lightning strokeson the line enteringthe sub station
and for this purposelightning arresteris used.In a sub station the most important
equipmentsare transformersso, lightning arresterare situatedneartransformers.There is
a insulation co-ordinationwith the lightning arresterswith eachequipmentspresentin the
sub station.As the focal point of the investigation.The power frequencyand over voltage
exceedingthe rating on the arrestershould be calculated.
Classificationof lightning arresteris:
i) Rod gap arrester.
ii) Hom gap arrester.
iii) Multigap arrester.
iv) Expulsiontype lightning arrester
v) Valve type lightning arrester.

. SPECIFICATION OF LIGHTNING ARRESTER

RATEDVOLTAGE(KV) 110
RATED CURRENTKA). uS 10,10/20
SHORTCIRCUITCURRENTfi(A). uS 100,5/10
RESIDUALDISCHARGEVOLTAGE 73.24
(KV)
ISL (AMPS) 400
MANUFACTUREDBY SIMEANS-SCHEKERTWERKE
 z1

Max steam Pressure =721<g/cm2

At turblne lnlet
Feecttank temperature =158'c
1
1't extracflonbteam quantity =15 ton/hr
F.W. outlettemPerature =215'c
2ndextraction pi:essut-e = ! 3-7 kg/cm2

2ndextraction steam temP- =3O4'c

i"o extractlon steam quantity =16-9 ton/hr
F.W. temperature =158'c
4s exsaction pressure =3-31 t(g/Cm2
4tr extractionbteam temP. =168'c
S extracuon steam quantity =15'4 ton/hr
F .W. tem P in VAC heat =88 '2'c
condensate temp- in hot-well =45'c

THE 7jh ullr:r QF -DqL

1. Fumace ddails =9 3 5 8 c u . m
i)Furnace Volume =<4 . 6 5 2 M Wm ^ 2
iiltvtax net neat input per unit plan area | =<'l . 5 8 2 M Wm " 2
iiiltvtax bumer zone heat release rate

2. SH/RH/Economtz€r tub€ Piching detalls =

Primary Heater 1 l4mm
=6 1 m m
Panel Divlsion superheater
=64mm (outermost space l s 67mm)
Piaten SuPerneater
 3L

Final Superheater = 102mm

walt Reheater = 50-8m
Medium Reheater = 70mm
Final Reheater = 120mm
Economizer = 102mm

3. Mllls
i)Total no. Of Mltts =6 mins
!i) ry" of miils required with worst coat =S mifts
ilr) No. of mllfs requlred wlth design coaf =4 miils
4. IDiFDIPA fans
llYlgil on Frow(%)(Basedon 50%BMCRfrow)
PA FAN:4006 FD FAN: 2Oolo tD FAN:
li) Marginon Head (%) (Based on SO%evrCn fiowj 2oolo
PA FAN.4O06 FD FAN: 4Oolo ID FAN: 4oolo
5. Elcctro-staGlc prccipltator
l) No. of etectricfietds in sefies =7fieids
li)Specific C oilectingArea =247 -48m^Am^3/sec
lii)Treament fime =39secs
lv)cas Vetocity =O-63m/sec
v) Coftectingetectrodespacing =3OOmm 1rs S tTetds)&4OOmm(tast
2 fietds)
6. DuctThiclrncss
l) Air ducts =6 m m
ii) Gas ducts
Before ESP plate thicl<ness =gmrn
After ESP ptate thfckness =gmm
7. Turblno
Rated Output =3O0MW
Fresn Pressure =1 6 - 6 7 M P a
Fresh Temperature =537cteg. C
Reheat Ternperature =537cieg.C
Rated Speed =30O0rpm
Exhaust Pressure =0 - O 0 9 6 M P a
L Gincrator
Xaled Capactty =3S3MVA
Faleq 9utput =eooMW
lpr.ud.s_peeo =3o0orpm
?tator Vottage =2OkV
Stator Current _1o1g9A
Frequency =SOHz
PowerFactor =o-g5
winctingconnection
cooun$-w-atl;ft& of srator winding ]Xrr^rrn,
9!g!19 water pressure of statorwinoing =o.idrvip"
Fiefd Current
Fierdvortase :;8lf
9. Tnrnrf,ormcr
No- of Transformer =3 ( 2 u n t t & l s t a t i o n )
,)UnltAuxitfaryTransformerA
 /
tl

Er \
lr
ll
lt
\--Er
:Lg
_ rr srE
K't:
f E-
A !rr,
* dd' il5
"s ^
E
rr P ,r"
ilx

5
q
to
.ri
i-,
'lu
i v)

@@ @
r yt l r {
tl$
{ v c!
r'fu"
oon :t
i{
E l*
o(*

{-0 ao a
.n
trc ; =uo
gF eE
<.

E- q aai
c$f
*$
sS,sil '
6ro5
E
x' (D
rXE

o
:t
a ?a

llI
$6
o
F
HF-.-1 il.T
B@
la ne
'J+-
::;_
tr
J.
-r tfg_
F 6rid subsil

.f C E+
5_O _

H
3 -/^
so
r >tal75 hd 2_

w
rP4-$l:,s Kr
$ 1ftgrGi
rgz/ gg /+g rtr

| +:r
I
I
I
I
I
 Q n
P 6'
t,.e
y{
:il- g
o
6\ 3
s \P .t*

t
F
r7,
tJ. -+
j{

ng
l{
t

:'
s
0+ v

*
f i'8, 8
^3)i F
r
s' r lv u ,
F f*- ? ilU
tJt
q
tr-
g a-
n ll r/1
l*
IF
f- fs
t--R t#
nJ
Itr
{ at {f 5
xr g <l :' '|'
P t J+\ (I
,9<
\^" o"
il Jgs.
u
at F
t\o
: vlr
tl
FA

tt t.tr 7\
po
Er bt
-b
.T
,s
.F g
ru
\F
t s, I
-q .A

fl
><
v
rr+Hg -+ +oo uT'
s
{ g- a\

PF33F F
r. F, T

i+$*
.a.t:
F) I

. eT
.>
-.J-J
J='
F *"G
$sF $
A '\ \

*ri e^
- A =- A

F5 i"

i l t ,+5.
{ ir
.u
>, h
)
r
tr>
ve ,s
9T

-r3
5$
*ft'
-s 8t
$
F
 -{-E
-a { = '

:Pd
s'\ i
cJ *l -A
F1'
FSd f\
b5

q.>
a
$
-{
t )9'
\ti
oi,l.
Fe3 o. x<l
> -cr
\,.t
(ro
$s
F
:F
g-
. TI-*
-x
7
s
-a a

&:
g FiJC
rl
crl

l'l''

3e
t. c
r6"'E
eg
=
tif : L
F.c
-9
h
<r ; -8 I

r q
= \\re
( O-
-o
.o
*.i A
P r ,A
iP:x

0..1
+n
"v,q
iJ $g
C)
+ 5i
* *
DO TP

6-
o(
ri
z. qil
f
'11'
.\

jrS
Slte
'wr
P{ $
$f, s;g
F.
ps{ IF
r=
 rU C
5lP
bi
:tr
EA
Uc
tre
E

l
LT

ets (r) Lr.l

\t) az

Hg
t
s CP
tr
r i-l-

6 o
F
ts
=,
a'
q
-1
q
3'B F
t€
F lr: 5 -
0
fiI
iP
0 Rro
qlo l-
3 tlo :.

#
es
,hl
|s T
o)
q

r
ilfi
Tr
Sl
ts
 'Relearr&Gek

EEID ciecql---

t-liuqe.l -+ Mel*t s'o)hh

U poinF

Ftona .{i+'.-
Ilyofi t.,,t'.r- to
r+- c.ndbrvillo4-
Mdtrn%.nK *

tr,fl(fl+) -+-Tasl *c'4t-'

t3uecHo!2. RELA

tt
Le
?

tb

K'S.GiL

*Bino€d )ifrlenht_ pooluo{l-"n 4-y Gnrret_J

"A
-TEalsF.a"reT? .
,/
 .G
a € l.
oa O )r<
? tp r<
Uo €
:-f,l*\ g
a(P
H*at
F ti

- ntt- ri )
g,s TJQ 3-
sa
F i('ro 1, 3
g -rti €5
-t
c>
F
6>
Eg' €
{7r

q
t
F+ I

a
tlH
ils-
e)
€
HTBil ll*
*, + .$"
5sieCIl
b
fs 19
De .tf llrr
lls
A
o
ltt
etl
B lls
c
-4 99N*
* n
s-Ts 9*e -fr a9
N'
v<4
n
E g i B il .S'
D-' R llz,
s ll$-
G ilA
p ilq
as
- 40 ts
rJ?
3
to

J F€+ F
crs
fll 5
sq
aS)

Fq' 2<F
=
x
-Tt
s
:t
vt
12
*F gl sllE
Ell+s
Fj
f'r)

lu i{ ill
H[r or
$)
r+
\t
F<
'!rl
4 eP to
z +
rD
s F 1.)
fi It
Bd
:, ;f_

fi
n g, ltt ,7
aiis.ntF
F

;
2,
TF
x
V'r->
.(
ct
,rt
v

,R o
>s
g
rD
ndD
0"c
.-$^
J-
ft
,6
:st
-1 .+ aa

ls
I*
s
o
F

-\) F
45
o
-i.-
E
= 4
o
xa f-
 3
g
C/1
5)
o c/r
{)
o R

fiilH
lls
#ilF
$[a
IR
ll*
e[*
F*.Aa
't9r-r A'^_ \P r--

?- \{tw p
>\
(Fh
.l- UD
t-'L I
* @
e35 q
sl 6
&r E^

E-r-r a. (P
^-A -

v)
z

h
, P\
q
V1
 ZA
,l

R E LAYS
The main furrctionof a protectiverelay is to detectancjto measureabnornral
condition& isolatethe faufVsectionfrom the circuitby closingthe contactsin the
trippingcircuit.The faultedsignalachievedby cornparingtwo quantitieseitherin
amplitudeor in phase.
Signalrelaysfunctionto registerthe operationof some relay by flag indicalion.
Accordingto the natureof actuatingquantify to which the relay responds cunent,
voltage.power. i:eactance, impedanrei frequenoyand directionchange they
respondto. Relaywhich respondto the actuatingquantitywhen it exceed a
predeternrined valuesare over relays and if they operatewhen the value
actuatingquantitydrops belowa predeterminedvaluethey are known as under
relays

oF FRoTEcrlYF
THEeuRPo.sE FEU\ys MAYBEcl-AsstFt,Ep
AS-

1, Cvercurrent protection.
2. Eannfaultprotecticn.
3. Reverse po!'/er
prctection.
.i. lirioer,;citag€
protection.
5. Undeifrequency protection.

T H ED I F F E R E NTTY P E SOF P R OT CTIVEBEI-AYSALONGWITHTHEIR

OPERAT IONS

1) Ovelcurren![9laYsTheoperating timeof all overcurrentrelaystendsro

becomeasymptotic to a definite minimumvaluewithincreasing the vafue of
current.Thisis inherent in electrornagnetic relaysdue to saturitionof the
magneticcircuit.So by varyingthepointof saturation diiferentchar.acteristics
are
obtaineci theseare
a) Defini:e rime
b) Inversecjefinite mininrum lrnre.
c) Veryinverse I
d) Extremely inverse
Thetorqueof theserefaysareproportional to the fluxproducedby rhesoihe
g u a n | i t y asi n cu rre n l o rvo |ta g eoper atedr etay
2) P-lre-ctlonal rglfl,yp=
lt operates al highspeed,witlrlrigh
v sensitrvity& lon vatues
lvithadequate short time lhermal rating.
3).Fls-taqce rela.Ls.This relayresponsbis somgfunctionof the ratiobeiweenthet
volls.& amperes & lor anygivenvalueof the ratiotlreremay be existan i.finite
number
efval*es
ofthevolt& emperes.
 4{

ar
o
o F
{
# H
z
d
w
5
{
a
qJ
F
u
UJ
z
?
o
U
i
TL
L,'

U3)rvtu8JlnJbt). z
o
h
F
v
u,
F
o
AC
H
o-

l,
I H
.-l
f('

F
I q
z
OJ
.IJ
rr'
rA
H
G
o
lr,
o
t-l
co
(f
f,
 1L

q
UJ
c.
a(
o
rL
14
z
a(
F
3
e {f
l-,

a?
*_ KJ
f-
CJ
ru
-. 9
3..

4.-
-l

FV o
(\.,
rt
I j .H

-<
I

lr-
\J

z
o
H
F
t/
ttj
F
a
€
o.
q-J
H
F
z.
uJ,
t}.i
'(l-J .
('.
CL
e-l
!
F{
o
(l
Fq crt
rn
a? F{
o
ot,t \c'
H
(r
 33

Electricity distribution
Electricity distribution is the final stagein the delivery (before retail) of elecfricity to end
users.A
distribution system'snetwork carrieselectricity from the transmissionsystemand
delivers it to
consumels.Typically, the network would include medium-voltage(lessthan 50 kV)
power lines,
electrical substationsand pole-rlourted transforners, low-voltage (lessthan I kV)
distribution
wiring and sometimeselectricity meters

Power Distribution at DPL

Unlike many other places,a major incentive for any entrepreneurto set up industrial
units, to
expandexisting units in Durgapur is the gteadyand unintemrptedavailability of power.
Durgapur
ProjectsLtd is the sole supplier of polver (at I IKV) within Durgapur. It offers an
attrastive power
supply packageto industry:
To maintain the qualrty of the product, stablepower supply is one of the most important
ingredients.The industrial units in Durgapur unlike many other industrial zonesin the
country,
ertjoy this enviablepower situation.
Even the prospectiveinvestorscan feel huppy and comfortablewhile consideringnew
projects in
Durgapur industrial belt as DPL has surpluspower and offers a number of incentivesto
set up
units there.

DPL assures:
Continuousavailability of power
Quick responsefor Electricity connection
Tariff concessionsto all Industries(11 KV) link to Time-of-theDay (ToD) metering.
Further incentivesoffered to new industries,industrial expansionprojects and
Rehabilitationof sick units as approvedby the regulatoryCommission.
 34

Transmission & Distribution

The transmissionand distribution systemof DPL with jurisdiction of an areaof about 60

sq
kilometersincludesthe following :-
a) 132 KV transmission line measuring 19 cirsuit kilometers servedthrough three sub-
stations
of 180MVA oapacrty.
b) 1l KV transmission/distributionline measuring393 circuit kilometers
c) LT distribution line network measuring4250.5circuit kilometers.

Distribution network configurations

Distribution networksare typically oftwo types,radial or interconnected.A radial

network leaves .
the station and passesthrough the network areawith no normal connection to hny other
supply.
This is typical of long rural lines with isolatedload areas.An interconnectednetwork is
generally
found in more urban areasand will have multiple connections to other points of supply.
These
points of connectionare normally openbut allow various configurationsby the operating
utility
by closing and opening switches.Operationof theseswitchesmay be by remotecontrol
from a
control centre or by a lineman. The benefit of the interconnectedmodel is that in the
event ofa
fault or required maintenancea small areaof network can be isolated and the remainder
kept on
supply
Within thesenetworks there may be a mix of overheadline construction utilizing
traditional utility
poles and wires and, increasingly,undergroundconstructionwith cablesand iqdoor or
cabinet
substations.HoweVer, underground distribution is significantly more expensivethan
overhead
constructiort.In part to reducethis cost,undergroundpower lines are sometimesco-
locatedwith
other irtility lines in what are called Commonutitity ducts. Distribution feeders
emanatingfrom a
substationare generallycontrolled by a circuit breakerwhich will openwhen a fault is
detected.
Automatic Circuit Reclosersmay be installed to further segregatethe feeder thus
minimizing the
 ?{

impact of faults.
Long feedersexperiencevoltage drop requiring capacitorsor voltage regulators to be
installed.
Characteristicsof the supply given to customersare generally mandatedby contract
betweenthe
supplier and custolner. Variables of the supply include
' AC or DC - Virtually all public electricity suppliesare AC today. Usersof large
amountsof
DC power such as some glectric railways, telephone exchangesand industrial prooesses
such as aluminium smelting usually either operatetheir own or have adjacent dedicated
generatingequipment, or use rectifiers to derive DC from the public AC supply.
. Voltage, including tolerance(usually +10 or -15 percentage)
' Frequency,commonly 50 & 60 Hz,l6.6Hzfor somerailways and, in a few older
industrial and mining locations,25H2,
'Phase configuration (single phase,polyphase including two phaseand three phase)
'Manimum demand(usually measuredas thelargest amountofpower deliveredwithin a
l5 or 30 minute period during a billing period)
' Load Factor, expressedas a ratio of averageload to peak load over a period of time.
Load factor indicates the degreeof effective utilization of equipment (and capital
invesfinent) of distribution line or system.
. Power factor of connectedload.
 38

Location and Capacity of three l32lll KV Grid Sub-stations

l.- -".*-- -*- * ----..-,^..-*.--.-...-.-,-..,.-J,-, .**-- -*--i.

Location At the factorypremisesof flindustanFertilizer
l

3l'txL+Lo+tu
31.5MVA I
j
I

iAvailability

jAdvantage %I<M from G T Roadand3 KM from

j DurgapurRailway Station
l

By thesideof IWSMAMC I
'
i
Jt'txf t JrzTt I

31.5MVA
iAvailability 40 MVA
iAdvantage I KM from G T Roadand4 KM from i
DurgapurRailway Station i
i

."','^"'.."".,..,*+
-----*j
i
:l32KV/ II KVB-Zane To be constructed

By the sideof IWSDurgapurChemicals I

:,..,- _ _ *- j
, 3t't1 |
* *t '/,2,?*4,tLf-xt i
lGrowth Underprocess i

3 KM from G T Roadand3 KM from

DurgapurRailwayStation

: l 3 2 KV / l l K V C -Z o n e Under commissioningphase
 4T

CO NCL US I O N

one of the blggest aclvanhges for DPL to serve its clier*s ls its production lacllifies belng
loglstically linked wifi all the three major modes of transportafion. rall, roao and sea- Besides:
Kolkata and Halctla ln the east, ports like vishakhapatnam, chennal In the south ancl Mumhai
In the west also handle DPL products. cutting across the states - from east to west and south
to north- DPL is also gearing up to spread lts marketing wlngs abroad. The proposect ilst of
countriesincludes srl Lanka, Bhutan, Dhaka and Quiton.
To ensure quality in every step of the procluct processing. DPL has a weil equlpped
laboratory haying sophisticated and computerized instruments such as GSR, CRi ,'Gas
chromatograph, Spectro photometerEtc. Envlronmefit is a key concem to the DpL authortties.
The Environment laboratory is equipped wlth bacteriologicaf testing klts, ambieril air quality
testlng instrurnents, stack monitorlng instruments, gas anatlaers etc.
The sprawling township wift adequate lnfrastructure facillties speaks for Dpus concern
for its most valuable resources-lts employees. Besides adequate accommodation faciliiles. the
company rulns a hospital and an educatonal instituflon to take eare of its emptoyees.

Evel. investors can Jeel happy and comfoftabte white consldering

new projects Yte_Prospective
in Durgapur industrial belt as DPL has surplus power and offers a number of
lficentlves to set up units there.
DP L as s u re s :
'' Continuous availabillty of power
'' Quick response for Electicity
connection
" Tariff concessionsto alt Industies (1 I KV) linkto Time-of-theDay (ToD) metering.
' Further incentives offered to ney/ industries, industrial expansion projects
and
' Rehabilitauonof sicl( units as approvectby the regulatory
commission_