Capitulo 8

'E.
IGHT

SERIES

&.lPOLYNOM'.M.II'P,PROlWillATIONS BY TA:ROR"S 'ORMiUU

S.1.1 ·l1i!,m: .. ~. ~t· ! i;;., '" rllll",tjQ'ii n.rh ~~t t :ln~ 'i~ fi,wl, Tb ~'I~=-lVAA'~1I~ ~r<! (;ootilllWlU8 ~[J '1itI: t : '_Iltl!t·,·t!l [llI,bj" Fllirtl!"im~11l It:~ /( .... IJ("') t'.xist in tbe q~e1l i!ll:t~¥aI ('l,Io-). TIt"-ll ihutl is il:uilrihl:r ~ iin ~tLl!. 6p.M iJ!I.t;nv,,~ (0;0., L) 8Di:.h ihd

r(u} r(a)i f(~)('II). ..

1(!.) = nil,) "i-~b '-a:)+T.:'::~ - m)-- _.,+ ~~ -III)

J!~+I)(.)

-I- . ~ (~_ .. ,("''!-1)

(_"'t- .If,

Jf hi (J) ! i:s n!!llactd by !!Ii, Ta.rk"·5/~rn~". j,. II!bwm. ~!. ill;

p'a) rIC~) r"~(Il)

J(.ll}:; J(I!) "'~%' - II} ;-~;r - ,,}! 1- ",+~" -"'1'

,(,,+11)(_)

+ (I)+,~)! (J:- ai"-Ir1)

'''!It_!~ I: ~ b~'i\'e11'l!l ~ Md ::1',

Thl<li!g I·<lIr~ i! /(rilJ "<l~'~liI:Io;l iit t'll~fi:t>4 11 .-!!.,ltiVAtj,-~ ~. f "y,i!t a'i tIJ~ lI1Jmb!:li" ", we oiI1lfiIre ~~ "i!;. ""~J;!.",", Tctg/!lV' f'!I'Ii!"'(.m;<iililf .b.c fWK~i!lil f st ~li.'fI IIIlJmb~ ,1 a.'l 1'0110 .... 16.

'. f'(,,) r(~) l'''J?",

i'"(r)=f{a)+l!(",- .. )+~,,,,-ai.---+ n. (l:'~",)n.

MadB1l1lin f~~iaI rrr ~ - ~ iD EAI- ~J) woe .maw

'p it\ - !r·o} + I'lll) " + , .... ~.~ -r--- -' f"~)Z'"

,. ~.I:\ 1- I ... l~'" ~~. 'T~

whi~fl is: mUUI ~hc i11;h d~rrr M;"cl~~ f(:lP:y""r1i I fOI tht; rl1!Jl;it"" /_

M~ f0I11[.rHi),lf m ~ OJ, iK'1ri"lj,'., j"t..\g;.r ;mQi 'P .. ( .. ') is th" -ntb, d~gKc M;WJilJlI(r-i1ll ~~'nl)Illi~ £11,' If!!), ~~~ "mp •• (_:t) fl>l tItf!. (ill ... ,,)~b. t~ l~",da.UI:m p<>1!':nomia1 IDr::"'f(:r;) .~d

p ~(:Il"') is ~~ (-"""J~1l. d~ M<!.d~lIiJ'i ·po.~)~OiJ!Ii'31 t«· J{z'"')- $t!e: E--:d~e ~.

[f tlw T..y,ln: ~ .. GiIyIlOmi_~ r ~ i,~ lised te awrw;j,".l1!t;, tbE; frm<;~ID:o t., ~1ie:1l ~hc '=u I{ ~l- ? ",l.t:)~ ts deiloj~ by Iiln.(:cJ 'rill,=, ~"'" h.f1 fUl'r;rc;. ol: .llio: l~r,'I'!Ille:t_

Pcf'11}

~m;I'-'f1' F'Mm. :R"l""~ '" (~.f- Il~ (:1:' - ~')I"-I' I 'i\!he:!l~ ~ ;s. k~'''''eoIJli iii lL'I.d . .:c, iI' JI'«+ 1} e):~gts

~~.' 8..,U:. n:.."(~,},,, ~ I ~ (I' - ')~l(~+" ~(t)dt It r,,+I) i:!; .. ",m111:1_ .

. brl<gfal 10 1m u . .

T.!I,li'k'I;'~ (",norll!!!; ~l MI:l I>It wrr!,trn ~ fer) = F_,(z)+ R,J:t)

&:m~1 R .. t~) I iii: tsmaJl. lil wbi.r.h t:.'lL<.t ;.h.e 'f-ayloc 1)Oi,~~ :P ",tI.) is a ~'OOd -iIPP~ ~io .. at' f{z). r!9"'-':"", ~met-iInc;s 'R-,,{~ll is laIrge; in ",hid, caE-e P'_~{.!.') is "r ~o ug, .t'6! 3.p:~~(i,um .. tics: It:). W~tJ:J.;,f I vt~(:r) r l<S§m~1 ""r [1A_~~ ,1il!1I!'1I@ (Ili 'L:tJ~ fut)d:jaa, T. :tIM; ,~ qf t_" -a):.!dlil ~h" v4d11e o~ ft. We- :n~, fIl.D(;;)I<!l "lijr~" 1) (!:ir ,,~t-im!l! plDM- ~.c:ur.;lr,y.

tm ,~~~d~~ J, .1lii •. ~I1,d. tru: b..hid".wdin. MrlJ.""-nlii!P~ of 'Jb~ ~t;r.~ ,d~6f'N ~ 1~{ir.i,lI;~t"io:D t Mthlih~ ~~ ~ <)if tb", Witl>liii1.d~:. PM ~n." ·.&~.:tIs of i ail(i Ii' N ,~t1d "b.~r"'\N~· ~"'Oil U.". wfl:jll1 of "I? .. ~~'·f1""~"'i"";j"f.(~ t~~ .~~"~" ~ i

Ilt';!i;t dl£poin~ v .. .bNe ;l! .",. 0.. .

II.. n~) = ('l'- :W~; j'(or} = ~(",-~'r2; n",).., 2(T,-~)~~; r(.:c} '" -3!:(." -',n-'";, ll-t}{!,:),,- 4!t;;- 2:r!l.

JM '" -~ t'c@)", -i. f"i~'}IZ! ;;;;-i#r :=-!> t"(lIV;'l~ =-·~~f.:Jf = -~, f~~·\IJ.)!"'~= -~j~~= -};1

l'~(:I:) ",. ~!-~ -~;:I-ii~ =~"'~- rl')(J;)" -5~'J: -'w~ .. ~(.l':");;;{ .. ~~tif" z MW~n I)' -I'JlId.:I:

~. J~~ I'·~ (.:::: oj? 3r1., f'(.I.") ",. -r~ -+ iJ)"·~; /,,{:!I'} ",. 2~.:!: or ::l)-~ f "(:r} -, -3~'" 'I- ~rtl J(4)(·!0 - ~~(.!! .... 3:r$; i~~~(;E) ""~a~~ ... a.y'::. 1(0) ., ~ 1'(0) -: ._.1, r(o)!,fl: = 07f1,! =~ f'"'{fJ)fJl .",. - ~/:ll'" - 'Sli

~~'''''\J"'I_'~'I' _..!...- "f~){")/""I._. '5~/"'r _ 1 "( \ ~ 1 ~ I~. J ~+ 1 " ...L ~ J"II,u'll~"- 'N;:$''''- :l>l;l' J' \" ~- - -"i:<!!1""- - -,'4"/'1> ~"-'1ii-~ +~ - ~ ~ - "'ilit:

J(6}{.il) '" (Io!(::1"+ ~)-f. ~$(~) "" ~ = lMi~ .... ~1'l ~...M -!l'

l{:>;,J -~-.,~ f'(E) = _~-r; r{~) -~-": ,/",,(;rl '" ---(''"""''; j('~)';<) =~-"; i~'l~""l = -"'--.±

1M '" t~ t!'(I)~ "" -I, r(Q~!2! '" lf2~; J"'(l)'l!~r -- -l~~; f(~\(llf~! = 1/111; I(fol(ij'll~! =~il~l

2: _3< -A ~ ,~~ ~ •.

i?'~(r)~ .~ - ~ -+ ~- ~ + ~ -. .. JI l:l:~ ""' ~-"'.~(.:!:) '" ~, . ~ij, '" ~~-~ 1J~~d .:iI'

Zl,l'.l .".. ~ ,~,

it;!) "'" t<rnI. iii d.~ il

,. '[~o!! t.:biiN-d~ M!o~_'L'il!lpQl~n..m·Li!l fu'! di..e '(I,l.!'-,,~i!!l<L I' Is ddlrJ61 hy

1'(0). ~"'{(i) J"'(IlJI

'p~(~~ '" Hili) +~!~ + ~'2 +~ (1)

MJIi t~ ~W,lj,~~~rr: of ~b """,.3i~dtlr i;s~v<;~ l.ojr

WIa(:;} ... L-.tf!l;::~' .... 11".., .. 'ilbo\. ... 'oitln 0 ~d ~ •.

Tmus, .... .:fiod'be firn.i. rOOT d;,~l\l"Mi:v~ 'If'.r

t(;:}=~~'" p'(:!;) := ';! .1O:'t;~.1: 'IO!ig ll" = ~'IlI]l?~ +':l ~;:q! .:r.

t .. ~z) =dl ~~1.ll·So~~~ +2':!,;i)~:l;~....:G !;i!!l:l~'''''+~' ~~,r..f>':il

tl~)(:!r)=2~ ~z g~~::. -+ :Ui tol!n .>: ~2~ = ~"l1il1i~ + (~ ta!l.~,!. + .l6. ~n t &Qm '!'ibidl !iI~ lIbt3.1.n

J{O) = ·too 1J '" ~ ,f'((!) ~ f;f.j;:~~, -I., f"(~),., 21)[!TIi:lti 'I- 2 I .. ~ ·0 = Ih rlO) "" Il ~\!, +:S ~z~ + 2 ~ l!:

S~!IJ.tt!i.li.tI1!~ ill (lh _,. Qhl8.!El P_#'l'J -'!II"" 1 .• :1' +~~ "'"y';;;;; :!.+ ~~

:S'lc'!1.!g~l!Itili!1l; \.Ii M,W>lI' ~~

111'.{ .. ~..,. ~ 2<1 t_cID:;~'+4~ 1;;1In(l~* U·.~ir.:li, Ott ;;:.li.l. '~. i~~.S;,.,. 5 to ..... "'~.t+2 '~1!Il1 ~'\:rI'~fi~' It 1". bot .. " ..... (l~.~'

• .".,w~ - 41' 3' . _, . _. - )

Th~ f~~ 8"hg...." 'l!. ~~ ·of f(:o~ a.OO r~J~) (o;'!a;ltioo}.

5. [('iii) ee, ~QCl .or. jl(,;,) "". """"i!Ii~>"t; r(~) =-tijoS :r:. }'.-J~'I:} = ~i!l .t; rt~,}{~} = ~: ;;-; fl~\~) '" -{;ll :r, f(~l(ao) = ~r:$Q z l(~) ~I~ !'to) .... !l~f"~rn)t~,., -l/ll; rtiiJJi:l! ;: 0>, .r~l~~)l4.! = !!04!; J~,l.)ro)I5!""" Q; pl;)'i1')/Ili! = JI~~

~~ ~ ,,./3 . '.', • -} ~l~.z ,,. '. .... ~

P~",) -! -21 +4r-6r-l'.,r{~) '" ~/i~ ~" !'! .... ('" ""Y~' = bol_" '" ,1I..'tc .:c

(>; I(;Z'~" -.h;f,j f'(,~) ·,.,j["jnb·~1 rr;;);;; ~h !r;r.,~} "" ~intl :t, r4~;l1l:::::~rJ"b 7

f(O} = 1, no) "'ill J"(11i}/2! ,,,, L(1.1; l"'lO)~~ ", Ul; j[~~t(l)f~! ::; If~r~ f1?j(:.}f.5! =I!!'II~ :.fl)!

j'l - ;!i~. ~ lit. i« ~ !!;III'J!, ~ S ._ b-'" . , ~ ~- .. ,

P'4l~ ~ "".l·+·jf T F ""1.\,'1'1 '" ~ ,. ~."'~ y .== ~

~TII l'OLY~OM!i!J, AI'P.Il,O);:1:';U."1'JQN!:l-, .~;~U~'\()ES, AND r,,"I."~NI'WE; S'i'.:R.ta>:S

w:. I(~) = s.ln!b jt: /'(::) =o;~1l 0;.; f"(.,) "" silllt~, 1~(zl = ooslJ ~, i',.)_o>in!J 1\', .r~\Ir) "'.'00;;11:11'

_,. _ r,(O) _ 1 .... ~'Q'l _ 1 !(4'~((J1) , l")I(~) _ .' n '"

1(0) ~ 0, J (0) - 1..' 1!= 0, ~! - 6' ~ - D. 0, - ~imi

P<l(~) .,.,B .,.j. (I.f.t iJ +(1 ~ ;::,,~~,il; :R",(.;;);;;; ~:l tf> 'wil'N'!l : i!! I!<>'~'J!~ I) li1!i'! ''". ~

I. /(;r:) _"'~= ; .i~~t!;l! w~ I:£I'~$I, 1i'j1m ~J.:~ ~ /([!I) +J7r);r-l-~~1-t '1) j(ot't·,

... "WI ~",);::: ~4. II!'hcn : is; btt_n () ,Mil 0::'

'\\j~ h.lLYl!

,/(~l' = '" -0 1'(",), "" -k~-~

;r'{:t} - (-2';t:)( -'i!''''~~'''! ,. (-2:)01'-"'''' 2e-,,2(ll;f - I,)

r',(z) "":iI!:- .. l!(.U:) (~z~-l)(-tr.,,_'1_-,!~_,·1(~-,k)

J(q(.E~ = ,_4c-,,2(h''!: -~) _,,_ o(~- ll!)(bf'.-,,2) - ~!!-1-(1iIr.~ - ~) .. :!L(W ~ ;i;:r}l

""4~-"=(4",4'-1~-:l'} ll) ----r----

)(0) "" 1; F(~) - &. rtm~ "" -2; r(O):; D SURUI1{1liI1!g ilnljj;j fA. (I),. 'Ir'ot oh!iMEI

P:J(::~ =. l~ r

y,;hl~b. ii IIPQUi " -tX"jfl\d' Il:nd 'cMrc! '~r~~ , f~"'l~'j,u.ill poIJ.~, SJ.!~titl~lillill fro.m (:J) unlq (2). w~ ... blAin

'1t1-·"\4,.·-1~~ "'l~ t<l,:!4 - l'ilr1 +:s}~ _,

~,{ lOI') G' 1.~ ~ i~ 1><h-.' =' L~ L""""ttD 0 iIlId ,il!

.!'!>~ fWi"" .. ]L,,'ijjj "" 1~lot of frill) ;J,1i!~, l'i=l ~gt,

II..ltllo'illitJ:,j",ellf, ,lI!~ I(al) ~ e-'- !YI~t se /'(.:) p _,j!-r* .i "{.!':) "" ~-". 1l!i1M f(ji'l' :;: ,I. J'(O} '" _.1. Thil3l

. ( ) . ') ~-. 2 L __ ,'>

P'~ 11:' "" 1 -,l; <'lidl ll1\~ = ~ "'Jt<;re ~ Ii:; h<;\.w,;,on D ""'" 1:'

ate 'tJi~ fu;i~ d~~ M~linlrim Ji'Ol;)o"Iimni~ ;VI'! offi)J" fOl"f{:rl, Th(;nfQ[""

]'t(:1:·i) "" 'l- >l~ ~

~ ,tW: ~d m IJI,."I ~ J:acb.'Il;m i*1;Yr>(>13\Iia.1 'lOr f(z?) ::::; j1-.>" "".I 'he ~~lm' il;

Rl(~'I) D~J)1 wt..cr'oi! = j", ~t"'w 0 ~ ~

!'I~:, ,;qlll:vi!:le.nily .

_iZ ...

nl{ll'~) '=~! ~ - wJil!l!C ,;: h. bc~"'"«!l (I ;=t:rOti '"

~1. 1(z;) ~ (! + :i):!J~, P(:.) ': ~l + :t)~f2, rC'l') = ~(~ -J. J!)-I,{:Z, !,,(.:I') ... -~ ... ff :l</~ .jf41)(;:} .. ,\lir 1 ... ~)-. ,

't,J;) - - !rM~l J.[~) i.a :'r !~) If;,l,) J_ !(~lt,·) _ J:1 9" }-*]

J'\'~''''lt\:''r~~'T-2'~''''!I'' - , =ill\,-!i ·-IlJ'~=:;WW·~~

P,3(Z),=1+~" i"" -~;;:3';ty'zJ.=hl ;:r!~fl~i'l'1-=.,i;~n~t!:nlhrull~.

m, f(;i;) = (I ~ ~r.] /3; J"ll:) '" ~ 1- ;e)-.l/~ r~f~ == Sf] - .l:r~~~rr(i'~ =\t\l- z)-'l'/'j!; !(~}{:I!) = ~ I. -!lr' .

-,. 1 jNfO} m:l ;!!.I""(O] 1.!E. i l~!~O) ~l HI:; _ J3 r~1.) .i. M5 _)-11

J(II) ""1:/ ~IIlJ "" 2i,2!'"';;;:: ~'1 "'=' ~i3r -!'T;; fl.>' 'l- -2\i'1',f - f2lii"'"'b:!"" Ul!i'WCI ~,.'

1'",(0::) ,,;d ,~H~+i~?~&~~ EY(il:).::l Miu - .. ,-11/2;;

r;, •

iii, Ex~_ ll-'I:8,fLli<'l '~b,,:" ''1''''~fi'r r4l~}ia.lr'ii "f ~t,JI: m:.'j/~ c.@o~ "t lhf!. 1)~m~ fi iQ~ ~1!.e ~\~"'~1;k(J!t J ~ili ·the !loilgl'.iJ.u.ge f02'JIiI. of dl:~~l!1laill.di£r, '&'I.O~ tb~ gra:JiI'll,.; of 'I and 1'", iIiod .o~tl1.e bmli' t.1oo :Iil3l>'II 00' :EO n ap~olima;t~ ~ ~a!,b {>! t II~ ~II,,· ptiiJl~ wiJ~~ ~.=: (i!,.

"I -" {I .\- 3!~_ /'f .~ _ J .LJ~ 1~1 .) _ l -]l~.,"( ,) _ .lI ~t'iJ .. ~)/:) ~ g, -~'1~

!. "._"'- ~Jt;I'-7! ,. ~-"~~~ ': ,r. .~~""l' ., . ., --'8,'i!! ,r \}I' -j;~1I'

~jil\,-,e f"q!;.-:l r.(4,) _! ,,3._~, r.N~_I(_ 3~, __ 1. r"~{z) ~ I (.L.'_V~'.

n 1- •. \.)- ':i!!- 2 :g - 'iff l! - ~\ W- rn' 4! -l!4\~fi· t

Pall~J ",.~ .j.~~,jj-~l +.itt~_ ~j~~ -,..L(",.-.;;)~ .!i-':1I~);;= J(:II:-.1~wl~r .. " ,. ~~"""",.j. ",no'! "'.

. . - llii' m - 12E,'

li2. !(Oi) ~ ,fir" G "" il~ di~ 4

~ l:h.! f'Q!J!itlJ.-d"®"~,,, 'l'~k!i )XII~'M>nri~L at ;I, ~tl~ 'r;hie [ij n<~~1:! I i" ,d",~b.td bi

l' f .) - ,n~ ~ + 1'('1), _ It) . f"l1}( u _ ~\~ • J"'{~)( . _ .p" .~ r(~~{I~~

.~~_". - "~,-.r I! ~~ 'F" 2! .7! ,T::;l .'Ii} <lJ

,1Ii~dtlile r"'lli~ fll:t11fl: Clr ~h~ ~m~i:no:f':'r is, ~'I'<'!II ~o:l'

l5}{.} . ,

:fl.<I{"'] =~",-.o;)tI ... !i,,~ z i:5I ~"!I""'~~ .c :,.ru.~ '"

W'Il' 00v-e' J(1) - 2, and f{>!'j '" ~~-if2 lli'!Jif. ,t'( ,~) ""~

j"'(I!:J .. _~....s/:l: ~;~u.s, r(4) '" - <§;

J'"'(trJ =~-~fll t~lli, f"'( 1) =:;;;'

rtl~~l = - ~ -~fJ tl'nlSo _r('l).(~) = - iA

&~ba~i!,li't~~p; in (".L). \',1" "bl;>Oi~ .' H

1\.( iZ) '=·2 ... ~r- '1} -[i(::::- <lIJ~ T'(~ - ~'f- ~~ - ,j')~

'" i + ¥~- 4) - r!i(:I'~~r~ f' .1ib(~- ~ 'f ~ , ... ~:I: ~ 01)1 1(~~'1') ~ ~-fli1

(rom (2) ... c o:>biiliili

~~!1 _ _..._

1i4{~) .. ~iI; -:;iF = ~-'Il</~!.I': - ',r, ""~lQ'jj ,: it< Ilf~~i'fl'ti 4~~tl ,r

1t'1l@ !l~1"O! ,~b()'1\1"~ a pM o)!r f~"') ""J 1;'~(J:) C'''''''b-~J-

l!l. (! =w. j(:.-!'j""siD. 2;: f'{IZ)=,eoo;,~. r(a'~ = -,;om ~, !",'(:t) = -O}~", j(4D(l;) "" ""I '"

"')'-)1 "'~. jJ(a~ =- 1. ':i f"'rkn.·) = .1(. _.1.\ = .. _1. r(. ~) _ ]f _J i~) _ ~ r i, ,<; j(4)(~}_ ~'!!...i jI~ 'l" IS s 2'!1'" 21: 'J\ Y 'I' $~ 6\ 1v'" - - f:ilv~, 4: - 2'1

r3~L) -~ .~.,.,fi'(~, - !IT) - ~~ - &,.)~ - f~ .,piC"" -It\JI"}':~(.f) - ;i~-l: - ~ .. t '""h,,:~ : ill< bot".,.<!OII *:01" lI:~d~. :if. :Ci!: = ~. I('l!) = I~~; rCz} .::::. --<Eiin ~; /,,{:z:) . .:: --(00.1:, i"(~) = .~II ,~ r~~ii') = too!:! ,.r~~~) = -,;ii~ r

I('pl= ~ p~;or) "'- - ~,fi, r~,t)_ ¥ -i) = -t r~.r") = i( -~~ = -i1.fii" J{1:t~} = ~.~ = ~

~~~zl = ~-Jv3(z ~tr)-·!(;r -&:=)l-i\:..fi(",_!:!!,)',l-l'<h<~ - ~~)~; ft...i.r) '" -~-ll-~)~ ~. ~ (~,.;!)

,S... ,m._l, f{:z:l _~i>"-; 1'(.,) "" ..,.-:1, j.(",) "'" -;r-:<:, r",(.i;-)i "" ~:r-:\ J(1)[",} '" -J!I-~; ~)(,,) "'4!!;.;-~

f:l1) -" f·IIL} = ,.rrl) _-I 1"'. (tl_l_.!L l~}(l)_ ~:l!' __ .L jH(1 ),_ !..! -J.- i~~)(:) __ ;L-I>

, - ,>,. . - " 2:1 - ~ T ~! - Q' - (I' I1J - 4~ - ;1' ~! -~I = lj' (I] - Iii-

~\(~) ... {I< -1,) _, ~ _ n' +,t(!!' - ])~ ,_ i\~ _ ~)'I, ''';' «!! -'~f;ll;~{;L'} - -~~ .....e(~ -, !.}~, ~ to l>e~""'l~n ] .... "!.d (Ii-

~6, l(~) = hr{~ + ll); " '" -~, 4eS~ 3 !'!' ~~~~!;Il - g -, :r, T 'I, '"~, ,Ii!!l!!~ r!.!!~1

f1!(~} =-' f(-l)-f;- f'(-l)(:!:+ 1) 7!"~]}(~iF t}~+ i"'!rl)(~+ If'

, ,J('1)(.~}, ,," , "

~(::r) :::::~::; 4 ].~" ",,1101"11: "]i, lK:~'II'«1J -1 ,;!jail,~

W(;I1",,,,o:;

[(It) = I~(i!'+l) l'~} "" (.'l! +2)-' r(.,.) -, -(",-It 2rO! J'"(!I'} "" ~(,or.' .... 2rilJ

j(4)(r) = -il(H 2~-"IJ

/(-1) "" 1",1 =~, n~H=l

r'"( -I )--'1 '"(-I) ~

SiJ~t~tu=ing j~o (1)",,-"& ('2) "'C' <:>I:>i;v,i~

;P3(~) :0:' C~ -I'- L} -i(::r "" ~)'2 -F ~,~ '''fI)3' ru1>!l R:!t~) "" -f(.: ,.;.2) ..... (,il', "'" 'l)~ ""h~~ ~' ~, bo::~u..;:~ -I ....... - "!I~,.., :i"'',f':1:i5'" ~ ,~, riM,;:'r' /{.to).8.fH'!' F:i(,~l (dlli1l!!.OO)l,

]7. I(-r.) ,,,,,llloCC19 ,ii:; ta,,,.~; n ~,~

/" ~ ~ au ;;:' "..( 1 '2 f~t) ... 2 ' -,~,~( ) .."! - ~ '" .. :.,

I~gr:iiiiiii ~Ji ~ .a:,..,~ ~./ - ,~'~I _' .-~~ :;:;"1 - 'I,~ --._ ~ ~ ,;;:::;"~ r, J " ~z, _, _ .... :~t':'~'.W1I ~,-:.::.~-;

jd_ -~ ._ ~, 1_'" f'tt ) ,I; fl'll~l< -i .. J"'(Ib:') -fj,n 11 I;. , <$1'",~' "''''!2: = -,"" '"', ~,. ::= -V0'il:- '='T= -..,. -'3!- ""-!(l-- --Tl'"

P'~:l') = -lm.2 - ·Ii~ -?) -'l(.!' -~",~l-~V~~-~1!"l:l

.~~) "'~(--1~1" ~~,.'_Z~~oIIlZ)(J:-k-rt '" -~1_.~z~2,,+.~e·z)(:!: -;Vrt,.;! i:9 b.!:~W~!1 ~.~.:!!:

~a. f{::} "" ~ ,;jll ~, J(~} =filI, 1'{:r} "'-iI!: OOS·;l' +ein e, ,r'(~) "" ~'!1";- ~ f'",(~) == ~~ siio il:+Z cos ~,

r.f~) = -B:\7 +v'1: l'"'(~] - -.I; ~~- 3 ~'Il!,1;I, f""~j = -h-;fJ", -~r P~il;) = = ~i" OJ - ~ """''''. ~~)~~"')""f:rr -:l,,j31 Jl"1t~)'" 'I'';~ ~ ... ~iii!lj;l', J('G')~~)", w!3r +~ p!»(.;!'"", _",,,gi'J "'.;. 6 ~ '1'. :r~t::) =

i? + filvS + ~)(r -i) -b- (-li+~,fi)(:r. - ~l- t-IT + ~H~'- ~):] + (j:e,- ~/~}t~_~)'i + (1'~"4,I;I..f.i +Mi~~.!

R~(;e~ = ~-.' sin ~.~ g. ,,{;os .)(;c -if .... h=· " is. bi::~"'~.,lm ~ aod ,~.

1~t'.:'I<'lr.G.i!i'.dj. lD-:n, oGmIlJ<f'l~ ~!j~ :~Il[jil1.W:!~ ~.f!.~U"~!IF!],tt" W (hI' t:l~Lrnt!l :Ilr~ b;l' I~~in!l j~ 'li'11Y1~r fl<lI.~I!<JITrlijj,l --

:P~"1l' Ul~ yoliIf ,iU1!SoWW h;;s (kill; ~rOO Ml:ilI~~~' • .tl=1M U,iM ~ ~~~~b!m 4. .~ ,

:Uk. l~~) ""~"'; '" ~ 1; IC':Mr I ~ 'lloilOO O(Ui, Fo-r !liil:!¥, r:"')C~} .~ .. "', t JflI) ~~, P',,(~) ~ t ~~' + ~rF ~ " .... ~-;[

- ~~, _ .... r'" 1-'- ,', -'- :~ .a. 1 .n. l _j_ :1 _j_ ! -,-:I ..._ l 1 8 11"a,o."

~ '"' ~ ~ I-~I'I ''''. "r' "TJ9r'ij',,~orN"'I'm"F~'" 'VO:;;ffl' li$l!~ "'. " .. '." ...

. -'~

wi~h .I~fcQ:tI=(lllll~ <J~«~~I "" U(lOO~1 ~ ... -'.IlO<) ~'" is w~.Iie3-'Ii!'!g ~ x is !,..,~'».reem .1) ~~<! !-

:ilO,,~-1/~ fiw.~etin~fL1 Il~ .

.. W(!IP!!l!!llifo!: J(-~""~~ I~~ '-"~; 1'ii~hF-t".1 <~~.lilJ--'li. !'Wn:I ~'li.~.gl@'~ (i-l) W' h .. ~" R,.~.:,).~ t;;;-~~~+l '!I!'.b.~e.:: is ixt""'=l III _d .:!.

If:" 0=' -~i ~~~Ji -~ <," <:. Q ~ i" "",~:D = J- TInts,

IlI<n( ~~) I ='l;;!"' ])E(~~~+l "~~+ri! + 1 )~

I!'PlI::;:;I!j.

114( -~ 1< ?fm "": j).llIDMO·!!i!ii

]

~ 1(ti) .. WU:; Ii ;;;; ~,fJ. '" ~H"i';; {l..l

F{:::J .. -~jll :1'. r(.~) ~ -0»0 [!', f"(>t'1 '" ~ ;i;!, !(,j~(!!,) ;; ~QlII /,1;1

'" _ I"~ ,,) ,~ J"(Ol_] f"'(m} I l"l'tt) _ (;00 ~

t{ .. ) - r. J \(1 . - @. """"21' - 2' ~- I),. ~- "']'7,"

P_~ \'-'+0' lc~ '~'-l l,,~ dl I-I~@::' ~1<:..Lr~!lc1<!(I'!J(JIlOOG ~Wl-' . -2"'" ,"- ,-~,Z' ,1)C. I!l1l!!Ir - 2:rz -;t1.' ... ! .•. r-

~ E~~ln!!tol ~b~ .en"! ~~!KIl _lIlt" ",lLtlii S;I!l ,. ,j,s. l'!>]!i~ h'!l ~ - A.~~: .lit!.Il1 -c ,m,'il!J" !> lV'1~4~ El.:;, 0, i'!:;; .1,1,1;1'1: 0.115<

J(;<J =.01'11 ~ l'{;;r:) "",COO il

r(~) "'_'n'" f"'(:1')'" -~W ,r,

f~~)<:!:} = ai!1I ," i~)(.:.')=·fj~· ,;: .~~

J{m) = ~ n~)=l rN) ",@ f""-(ilI) .. -1

l~l~IlI)= 0

!L~ I' , II " ~_

'01(:;') ",,0 + l~ +F' - tilil;J +~i "" !l:-~ 11,

RL(,,,) ::;: (;':~ "i>

8i:t1;(l.!!:;e rf')~ :; 1 :!: 1 dD~ I.; I ~O.J(!S,~l~~ru I ~"'u.t <: :"i!](U~)~ =< 2.6)( ~ ~-~

~ ,m ~ O. (I ",.!l' '" (1,,01. J{'!1) (! iF",)I~> f(O) = t;. n~j=~(l ;.-,:!rrll~. J'(O) = ~,; r(,.j = ~~(I.;-,!rl'~

ii!\!, 'U~ ti1~ ,Mac:laJIl'Iill po-ty,m@miaD, fur ~b~ '~ru:ll,01IIlJ rk:l'i~. by f(,,~ = 111(1 + x), Ii!! ""'nlf'lI~ the , .. ;i!~~ (,f II! 1;t. ,il(':m~(: to ~~ dmm.)l ,Ii'!~

r> 1(0) '"' I .. , 1 = tl

t( .. ) = (1 +oI')-l /'(0)"" I

f"( ~l '"' -0 ... ;r'2 l"(fi) <= 2(J +:y;i t<~l(:.,= -3!(1 .... :r)'" r5)(z)=.U(1 _,_ itt

rHI)=-J 1'"(0)r2 i~j(O),""- -:J! 1(;5\,0) =4!

1,11~. ~b~ i'in_h-d~~.~" ~~Ild"'rriii loCl),'iiunliiU ~

"'5(tE) = il +-/r -lf2 .•. J.!lO:I -i'l''' ... ~~ = :Iil~~%~ -I-!i'_~4 +~ ,E'l~"1I,~' l~O.ll~ =: lll(]' + (I.,j~ ",,!JJ ~.,2. _ ~p!~e: ,j!! by n:...: In (I). Tb~,

r ~(I .. 'l): = 0.2- ~!ut -+ :ku~S - ~(O·'lt .. i.(O.'lt

_ O.~!!I~ ~ ~U2~!)l",,", M(rlOOl - O,OOIM{! .. 1J,~~tlOg ;:; 0, Li!>233 Wfi runt! ~ll.:i!) I. 19""",,,,,; jij03l{ll) = -5~ l T ~}""6. then

S!'lI-1- .. )-e "--L.._ ,

~("l::: ti-! ;T. --'li«l+rf .. RelUYliblll .... etfi 0, .d.:

Tn!)!;,

IFI~O.'Il) 1- 'Ol_~)~\" ... <hE:oc 0 <: :: -:; 11.2 6{,1 +=)~'

'1l<;o;iL1l~ (II <: ~ <: 1).2, !h~!I

,_1_<1

(l+~lij

i'!i.iI!i;.

I'" ~;;, <» I Ao.{'1& I] """"'r-I •• 'J ii-~

. "~'i. .... ,IIlI..... , ~Il ~ r.!.L"'!'!I!'~ , ;;;;;;;, ,~,-.E .x _'

!l",..,~ ~;,e errol less thaa h: 1!l-.i ,..!:Jell 'P~U,) ill, 1L">e1l 1<> ,iLP<J>l<!1!!:!!!'~te !~ik2J, .. ~ ~~!lC'hw..<: ~lw.I: t~ "gh",

_ lllPP~tj.(yJl fur f<M~} ~t ,~ ."It:ll!t.lJ.~~ 'I~ fw~' d6!!I)UIJ, p~. [b)gn.1il!j~ ~ff Ul~ i'(3iJl~ in, (1!) 'nl fiI; I!\ ~~ ;;. O.U2~

29, 1(;;) '" lln l ~~'=ID(l+zl-lnO-"J;"-i:J; "=i\;Ie1wrl<::O.OO!IJIJ3,

1'(",)", (I +Orr!" (I -%r1., r(r:) "" -(17,l:r~ + (l_,;::)-2., i"'(>.:J '" ~(I. + !l:r~+2(I-t)-S, r"ltll') '" -fltl +.I:)-t +(i(l, - r;!:r"'. 1.(.5)( .. ) = '2-1{n +J:)-S + ::l<lfL -~)-.:;

i'''''~ O ... jf"~ .. f'"121 - 0 J""(~) - ~ - ~ ,p~I)J_" !["}c=) - U(' ... ~\-s t, (1 - ..'I-~J

t '" - .• ~ ~"" ,- .., ---:r- - '""1if"' - '11- Ol' ,4! - 1,1, ijI - ~ JL ,·f r- ~I

:r 4{t)=. ~,r ,.j. i z"., III ~.2 ""(it) ~[> ~*J "" 2 • ir oF J.fif "'" D. U,,\lJl~ !'O! O.JS'23

14i;i!J, 1'ITIlI':i I "" ~( 1 oj. ~r..5 + (1. - .r5/1 ¥ -e [i 4' ~u.. "" ~ of,..!,. '" ~~iIlIlO I fl beGlfllSC ~. ~ (0, fi),

JUf) {!O/l ])JL." H lllo~

~I. f'l""m &;X"l~, M, I Rf{~li-I2"'~~l< IhGf =.~

ai, J'l",u11ll&::if~Oi~:uJ1 if Q::;1II ~+ Isinlll-(!!-1'T})I.:: 1I :illo'W tl ~:I!:l, '1"1tcr<:-rorc IT I) 5:>: $~ tLe'i!llsin ~~(;l!l_it -)1 <~~o i<'l dlA~

J~t./i fuI,~:lr!~,:.r; J;i,fi' (~-~="P: '" A~- ~~7t',fi:;; ~'~-ir~'" Q.mHi

wiliIllotrro:rl < J~/,fi dr.n: dq: .. ~ _iIl,OOIl~B1. .

,!I;,~fO'tyN,O'M!A;!' ItPT'~X1M.ATJ!ONS :Err 'ij;'IIYW!1:"llFORMlfJ"A :j.'m rn fill~~ tit" aol~tiom od' fl:xtl·~OO ~"'~ I~ln ~ ~('Il- ~ if)1 = i ~,,/i' -c f' ,~ ,~~

I 21 (Z 1 ~)r :!)1(11 . J If,ji' _1"" .!!:'~ltl r:i _l_.fi

'll)! '" - :"'_ 6 ~r"::~2III1!.'l!!d I"'~~ ~ -e ,.~ , . m tlz "'IJjID fI """' = It!~cf W = M@OOt7.

n S;h~ .. \~M ~M ri;l~mij,14 {l - ~'tfi "" ~. "" ~ ;., ~~ewj>t.o· '(6 '!l!::~ d~~1 pi~"il i~ -1(1,00 :::; ~ ::s '~, !> n.et J :I)e, tte rUif)~t!l!!!l d~ifuJ.M, b~

f(.l.I). "" (i + g;l,'Jl~

WI; ~W' ~, l +i~i8 tJi!Il flfiYir~.tIl M~.~i1i~l~ ~1;;n~mi~J rlilf ~~ f;!.I'm~i"'f1 ,. w~ ll""'" 1{(Io) = !. 8IJ~l_"" 1"(",) - ~~ +.r)~r.:, [b"", 1'(!:I1~'~ E't'~

P,{Jf) = /(0) + f'~m)~"~ ] "~'

'l~;; L~a.n~e lilml ~r w r{;lilluWI~r (lilf f I (jtJi.:; &I!~ ~ '17> r. " ,) - t''l~t~ ",,~~,. ,. iilll'l-j;, .. qll iJ ydi ~

;t,'"1,I~~ '-'~ ·~A~· "'-.~ .. !:!I[ _" .

iik-=r('i/;'j"" ~ii "'" ~)-I f'1,,~n WE ~;(L\f~

~(l+':')-!~ ':'lr? .'

R1{.j;) "',!!, l! ;:l2 '" 'S(l ~ ifT'i w~_.<;~ ~ ~ h<:h"~ @ ,~".:I 0:

(l)

B!1l;i!!~la -,o.m::!,~ '!':S: 0, 11)j,I", <~ <{D. then ]\.(;1')'<:: 3tM3~~I]~!I = $A,:o:!~-~

, ~~!),!)1}I' ,

,~ (li) ~oiI' (~) ~ []::.ilf<i

~<",) «s x lO-'!! iI' -I:IJl~ ~;1! ~ n

Tbw:,~b~t!rst-<!l~oEe l';1~~rn ~~(I'mi",l I +.!£~ h "')till:mr..e· to::. 1'i!.!Ie1!" ~!1ltfB1,a1 p!.aof!S i!f;a,_"l 1.0 ,~ppro~m"~ (1 t "'J~j~ 'I\\'l.~ .... -O.{I~ 5, '" ::::; o.

if::!:) = (I -If- .~)-~f~ • .1(0) '" i;!'CilI} =-~(] .... u)-j/l, 1'(0) - ~ ~ r(::r) - ~O + rr~,n: T~ .. ) = @.~] + ,~)-~J~

., ,.) . 1 .. -'I II> ~ ~ 3(1 ')'-'.5/:L2 ~ . b' 0 d

":n"'. = 1- f" .~", ."J\"'I "",B. '=r", ::...... :: I;JIW"\~l1, !'Ill ~.

l3'~li~ -'IU :!:,~ ~ II], !.l;,~ [il, (~) ~ :S;~~...!ilr/'2(O.1)~ .='. i).OM" <: ij.OO~.

~, tDeFoJ.rrnnb~ .[1 + ~~ ~:~h "" ] ~}r; is a«lIJjr~t~ to ~,"'o J~.:ilD~ rht<-~ jf -0 .• :> :t s O.

,~ l~~) <::'si[J !1:-rn;II', l(1f~ : .. -<"",,; J"(Jj) '" "'''' ".-m. f'{"'~"" -]- "'" r'I(~) = -,0Il"'- (], +rn}(;1!-:1i) = I) "'hm

- -_ ,tl.1i' ¥ _ ~

... - ... ,~' - f + ,;,~ • ., '=" +-m

~~ DMIIYillt 5&"ti!J"" <>!' 'II 0= !!J!it ". ,~iI!:d Y = fl]~ o:!!~h~ =e 6I!~ m i!i!OO!l, W~ IlbM IIIL;J;I, .€ m ~ ~ll'\!'Ol end ,~ ,~ (I tlii!!s~I!!i'pb i~I.c~.! ~t\IiIl' nt"'pilln~ I~', iI).

J;<:'t It",) '"' <)Q~ 'it- ,mOE. ,,- ~,,,,,= 2. 1'l1.H., t(~) =-=~~- tl'lllIrJrl r(~~ ~ ,2 ~~,:I:' ~(lt z!. t(~r) == --¥rm. J'(~)"'-l - m, r(~}f:lJ "', O. f'tl'l.') = + - (1 T '''')(+- p.)

'l~ W:I,,,,'~' ,ill;;;;; i"[~ ~1P,t;ll'II'J!1r:1l~b w~ ~,,~f'~"J .. ~, Tibm - :~«rn- {I ","mF-+~-!'~i!1! "" 0; ~'" "" (I ';"!I'j~p;r .·1~

~ '" - • 1 m

:l

U~]m.e: ·~!!'''l<)Ji't'iI:r!.-L:ftI.oo wifih =t = ~'!iIf~ fiji,;! :I'~ "" T~ !'II a:gain"

i(I. (.'I-) UiEe tile 'liiret,-d~~oo Macl"min IfK'~'noml~ k! <"pproxmLloJ.!:e.e" H 0 ";:.1, < (1.01_ (bo) EsliDril!,c ~ _w' ill 'le ~1!1'O~ o;1f .#i._

.r. (;:t.} fJet 1{01:) =~ . .8!:eau>st' !r~iI'} '" t'", '\Wj" M"'~ 1{O} = 1 .m.d p{OJ - 1. 'T!;'u~, tb.a ~~ MM1~ poi,)'oomiIlIJr.r !.h~ IIlD.ctl.tm .f ~ gi'lreg by

11\(.,,)= 1+~

iB~~'Ii.J 1{1;) =" &lid /(1:) ~ PI (t)\ ililm #'~l +-;1;

(b.) 'I~ ~.at!i.I!l~ !!'orm _Id th rern~l,j:..r ~,. 1"1("') ;s ~1V;!.n ~.

f"V:}:l7. . _

~ (~} =""""li'" "'ht;1'1! .. ss 1l;;rt.""eEllI 0 aoo ,I:

~;MIl! .1"( . .,);;;; ~", lil .. n

"1;1

nl(~) "" ~ wl!~~:!:;i ~t .... ee!I a M t

If z <: i;, t'b~ ?';{ tt, :90

~(~)<~

·wi,jcl. fimtlLt;m ~b~"I'IW il'l I.cmu ·gf .1;'. w~ 'Lt;'O' Ij;"'-~~ that II .;: Ai <: €Mn, Tbu, ,J; <: #.11'1 "" 1.IU

ll.;: IIJ'-~

!Prem. (1), (~h lOrId! (31 _ ~tieJM~ th~~ .. fl') , ].0]): Ui-.... 5, 115; :dill-~

,I~m\ - '"i!...~, -_

:rl!~(>T"I!:, for ~I. wb~ 0 .< I: < 'lUI], lito: eI"lVr ';" 1e<S llian .'i_Oil x lOrJ wce-.n the M<b<:.21.irln wb'1!!Q1tli~ 1. - II. :IB l19OO, to ~ ,J,

31". 1~)'~·P(",):;;;;:.,.'\_.,.1+2r.l_S;;t+ l; (l.- ]al-~

fl{~) '" 4i' - 3!!:l+ ;'j~-~, r(~} '" t~\l:~ -I~ "H, l""t:r) .... l!i>l~-.~. r~~~~ '" 21, l.li~(.,);;: (I

1(1' = 0 'f~I'l) = g. r(1) ~O c=> E> l!ill- 1 ~ 3 1(~)( i} _.:M = 1 P)(8)= II

_, _... .... 2!' -. ~ -, 3!:- -. ~l - ~ - ,ljr

r,,{~) "'2(~-1)+~(~-H~J(iI'-l).;J {~- L)4 '" :P{~' ~~ 1!:I1(1U-O.

\ -~,..11 t ~n-'I

~, J{r, "'ol' .... I1""'(::rj '" 1 .If 'i! T"- +;r-("') n~p~_~:t~.=.t +ot .. -+~

~) ~(iI+ J~ P'J:(t,)4~ _. i +[H ~ +···· .. .!~r ~ I +;!' 'i'fi,. ... + C·e' ..... \

Il' """" - 111+1)

- , •. _~ _Uri. .~;i ,JO ,.

39- j(~" - ~'ll"_ P~,(o;) "" ~ -i!-I-'" - (-lJ~.' -1 ~?k + 1 ~ iI. (.Ii) 1J:r1"11(~) "" I -i . .,j" "'+(-1), .

(b) -(fi.O"," f~I'_(~:tJ'~; -1 +[i_t ....... .J.(-l)~~[ - -(I-~~+ ~+---+r-It+j .~n+20

J;:I ... -?! 4~' , (~k + 2)' . - 2~ ~!' (Il.~ + ~

4O.1i'l!@,"e Tb=c~ (l_]:i! [!'i'W'-".!J:~il.! :r~(Mfi of R~'!l(1i~

... L~ . .P«r.) ~ LillO ];lO'OptJ!lL~1.(fn lh<!i~ J

fez) ~f(a) ..... j'!(!~)(~- II) f}~; - "",. .. - + 1(:J~>(~ - a.)" + ~r(;z: - tl" !!'H }(.!jldt iI'(O') iFi

.Ie!) "" j(a) r: !'(~jrlt

r{~~ ill; true ~~. it il; "''l!ui.'I',doot to:> '1!h~ .~;,;!!lILd fIl.~dL"!1_l:fDt1l.l thoo,[em o:r ~i:!!t<;IJ~Ufl.. S~po:i9I!' 'ihat P{k) ls ~

ro~ same [nlltgt!:! k~. ~. ThM. ..~ ~

n~)::: f(a.}Tlj~~-~) +f~!j.)r;l'- a)~ + . __ +1' ~ t1l(;;: -~)" +1rr"{.:t;-1t' Jf'" ·.l'<~}it (l

If ~ ~ ~.J~

iB~i~ ill mi"d UIM:i is tbe ... ;I["~~l~.<J{".d ;r is a amotaJ'.iI, we ~o i111"5tllii!: by pa;iii.5 "'illi

(

1 POLY}fQMI1. APPIlOX]MAnONS "ElY Ti\,YLOR'S FORMULA '1

( I (= _~)~l

ti·""fktl m !I"=~

, ) (ot:" rl"~+l.

~""~ I "'+~ II,) !I "" _, (~_+ ~r

~ r:(.\<-O.l;l,l;·14){~)dc =_C"':L~(t)((;;)~;Ir_ '!-{k1 1)![(;E- ~)~Hfl~'~I(t)til __ f~"'H~,'clcl), __ ",/';,.,1,

mrr~ ~I (2}

SIlD.sti~ul..img Ii:OIll (2) into (1) we Imd l·ha~ w~ MV~ ,!~,.,I:,tII1lJ,..:J Pf" + 1)_ 1l00Bfot, by [.he: prllJci~ .,1' !'lj,ji;i!M;o;rr..!lt,itaI !uIld!"II, ('(1'1') nt"~ m!if i~ 'l-"Y i!O)U!lC. 'iii.

4!L][] £x~ :z~.5m ... e ~"'l>l~I.~d H,,&.II '~ii'd'ttomti~~i~H;V<::=.J""l'1L~ .. f'tlt:~Jmt!!Ml~ If I~~l_ is .~~!L, LMn 1(0) _ 0.. ell) Lr& J'{z) be odd. 'Thw ~ ,ll'iIOj 1"("')' J(~)(it), ... ~ 'l'h1Jl!l Q ~ 1(0) '" r~l)} "" f)(IiI) .. , .. ud ..., 'i:h(, ,,",eft pmYU!l af t1'l" a-L .. k"llrWipo1yl!:I;i~I~ M! \'#liWl. (b) ti!i~ j(~} Ii;)' ~ v ~. '.l'l'Ieil J'(~l. r(z)., ' , .. ~ Qd~. TIlI11~ II "'" !,(,~) -1"'(0) ,", ..• '~f:ld !ill ~ Q(kI PO\ll(i~ ~I "Ulil!~.

~.:~: 3llQU'EN'GE.s

M:.l ilefiDi&.n A ~~~""~ {tlj i3 afblJl>CfuIJI w~ OOrnallll' lIi :lr.~ ·~!,:ll>3 ••. ,n" .•. lo~ all pooiti.-c In!~@:,,,,,,;. l-.e !!ure!00ls ill,.. ';DC Ute ~~.~ .. f .• ,af il\ .• ; .. ·ot)u nee,

3.2.2' DI!fioitroD. A sC>q.1IiOOW 'I",,;} I!'~ &1',,,- 'Ijrnit L if for all}' .( > (! thc;:e ~i."t.s a Mlmb~ N sueh tb<lt itl' •• h ,~t'l liJ!lP¥".ll:d

if .. ;.. N U;~n Iilrl- LI'-;; f ""d! we w&{(,,;'

11m <I! ::::;: L

fi_+om 11,

8..:!~~·1'I1iecftm Ifllm ilt) .... L a.OO f i", ~'(!.f'i:oo;I f~; ~'r<Itj l,iJol.ltLV'e 'Dtl!g:el r U,c:m a.lw Hm J(I1) = L

iI-"fto~ III-of. 1

·w!i;:;m. n iI; iliW piXii~i." i!lt.e~i.

w.~g 1'h~!ar.m ~,:ol.3 ,.10;:;> ~Olf !"I,y dr.ILt.1:i""J!,!,..J(;::) o:T.~ flettl, <::!;i;;L In.,; .",~ ... f{n} ,>;Ill!:!, ;~O~ ~;l, To "eo; whi", oo,,-~hte-:t i:l" = !f'It} -:!.lll n:r aad Jr:d = ~iu TOI'.

B)' Theorem 8;2.3 we ma~' W;Co tlleo limit tlileo~e;¥£9; d( ClNl~ll!'!r 1 and 1!1Jl6pi,<1iI'l; ml~ 'I.(> [rIot! tI1.e I~rni~ Qf;ll mllUL« f'lm!!Jtio·1l..

~vnr;mt [f a I!Cq1f.{!Cl~G '{!lIn} mi!<l • Rhlli~, ~b~ ~""JlI;iO .. ~;;id If> ill! f<)11'Me~",~".and Il;,.. ~\l)l!I·l1e.9'u t.<! ~b",' Divugomt, IJJnDt. Ii' ~hi: ~~Ijeo<:<: is lIbt ot.lllll~'Bgi!l!l.t., ill is dwage~t.. 1'h~. if lim m" "" :r:¢<> ()r ~f .. DIm ., ~

d.Go!!!> oot ,exIi!;t.,~h~ 5'1qUeIIQ!:. (<l!,,) i; di"~g~1,., ,~"" n- ....

SJ1',,(! ~~ f:r {a,.} ~d {Il" l mill ~~\',!;!l,",JI'! ~jjj.ffi~ Ii~d ~ lo, 1t r,.(l1Pl~·~, 'Il~!f! (i)th~ ~L oS'Ilql.l= [e] h.'!.:< ~ "" ;l~ I:ilfOL'i.t;

(ii) lim C<>..,'" e lim .a .. :

I".I-!!~ '"'""'"~

Wi) '~jm (a .. =6~J "" lim (!.~.:!: 1tllll &~;

1\1_~ . .n.'.......:;-I1O. ·n:-t~OO

(1,"') Hm a, .. D., == t lim II:n)( rUll Ii",)

.. ~+- ~ "-+&0

IlID or."

[,~) lim g~, = .. ~~ ir tim 6,.,t 0..

.. ...,""' ... ~ ~ rJ-+<JO '~Q!iL

~ .... ~ull ol'!' J>xa.mp& ~ is ~€t;:.f1. ~ ~-s llll", 1'ol!i>w;IIi!: i.~l'(;fij .• Th- 111-1'1<1, tb,e~IiI~·{.'·}'L<iMII"'~O!Iitam:l Urn 'r"'""j).

Ir!--=F~

$!I'Jlj~irn~ 1'/;; 'W&,'U 1Qo kll\'l1"'" .... It'l!~b~ 'l', p,,\ " ~"~OI! is oOl:prrt~~ Wil~ ..... ~ M;t,lI[ilLy l'irulmg ~tlt. .limit • .Ii. m.oJI!)t.<m.i" :;<)q;;~rt(:i! tl WD"i?l'ii!~nt rr iiJiid 'lIllh' if it i3 oolll!ldcd. l"QillI'lru oS~kr",(,"1iIr8 oHm- d<:fuLi1iQlI~ and] thro~ID;; IiQllow.

8.2.5 Ddinit.ian AI. sequence {a~} ~.~ w be

(i) jif.~I'~iMilltf if ~+, ~.~ .. -r<)~ :.U rl {ii) Jir.cr~m~ if ~.N ;S OJ." oor <lin "

lit iI 'liCqlOCm~ il; ill<~!l<Ii'ii;i>,!I '''C if i,&;". t!l¢"...,,,-.,;,,,s. l~ i~ GlU.d, ........ tlllm;c.

~o'Z.n;,!j: .DG!inltioD TIl!!! 1I11mbur C:i.J mIIud II J!l'WTI" ~ .. !! d o!If It .. ~"III""-'." {'W jrc!!; <11 .. fO)J aI! ~~h ... i!!1t rutd dt· mmob.-or I) iii ~!dlrd !HI ~.vI'C" h!l1",J' of t!.Jr R'I!!II~J!!OI: 1~'nJ if ~ .. :5 I) ,r", r ..n

iIlW"UB 'I; A ~Q,IiI!;lIt~ h',,} j" ... i.J '0 m .. ~n .ul'cd if Mid; ;:mly i'f Lt h;~ <m 1ippn OOmod ,.

·I ........ -,;t i::.oJ.looo

ij..2,,1 iIl'diimiJJ.o:m ]1' ;;, iii! . "~\T~ bound W ~. lO~II<::"~~ ~ (;I .. J .... ,,0:1 if .\ 11f1O') Lh pl"l)pi'<:'~~ t:11!!I~ r~r c:v~ Ico·wC?

C .,f {<J .. }. C '$' A.. tl'l:£.n A is eallcd ~ru: i"'ak.l:~ fjnrcr lm_".i' Qf ~! ... ""'1""",(:"- S',,,iJW1; ii an uppee bouoo ,ijI( a. -liQfp'~ C~ {olin} <lOg if B II.'!.'! tk'l! fli\1l~l'ty t.lw.t. for e~uy upper boucd D {II,-,). II ~ D, 1iL"B B I~ ",,111 • .1 I'he I.~·, "i!t~' III ~d of 11:.0;; roiiDC-OOl'-.

S.2,:fl' ~1II ~' Er~f} '11111"~."1"1;y ""t, ~f l .. ilJ tmmilo!.T:8 tll-ilt hes ,il- 1~'\I"(j" bound It;>:., ~ tl,=l",t 'I,,~ bcr!·u'llcl .• , "'U,,,,".

C&mpI!!oi!!.l.o;so, e~"!f~" llOOle:mp!L;y :sci ",r I-e-.;iI numbers ,IJ-,,,,~ h.~ ,~IJ ",~""r ]lx,lIl~,d h2:li a f;e'~~ 1lppc1 bound,

8<ll!~lO ::1:1=1_ A hlmml:w m",a¢QfI~~I~'''''''' .. .:.<rn .... "'~L.

TrI hd, ""j·"t.feil.!!i.]}J!l !ltqUmCi" that is bound:1iI ab,;,.-c 'OOIi<!l"~S (till it!!! IQSt upper bQllnd.) ~ a. moc,r~i~ sequenoe 'I:.h;,.'~ is bo'",.<led lool.- ronverges (~oits p~<!~' II)'Vel Ixo" .. :t.ij.

\¥.; mii~' ~ ,!!itbtt Dd'~",LY~~. S.l!..S o:r 'ih~ ~1I~wmf; U-~.r~ I .. ,,1m'" 'til,,'. ~~" !lto'ln~nu: '{~",l mi)"D~t'Ollic"

'iI1~ Jf I;'" ii. rl~ij!llr~~11 ~l~ ~1 f[1l) = a;", for ~b ~lHitiw-l: il1l~'I'I' "I "'-'1.1 (i) If J'(:;,) '>.11 fbT all ;l:'::;' m. ~lwn {d'n} is dttl'll'<l..~ng

iii) if J'(Jl') 0{ I) f!'lf ' 11 :I' .> I), t1H:n {q",,} iI il.t~~!l,g.

If ~b;;: ~lJe:P,~ {ot,,_} ]'" !ru:rU!!!!! 1lhi!D a." ~ (lJ ~O~ all !fl. 'TlllI. RI.!;II A ,1Dv,o~ ~Ulid rO! {II, al<_d {~ .. } IA ~O~'I'<::!gm~ if Mod o'llilY if {iliA) 11M J,L.D ~Pf-"'r boool "d. S~'~!!iUly. If (a.J ,1:1 dtlU.--irl!. tiw~ 'II iii ,ii1J II~Joi!~ 1)G;~~d t1-.D'!i (~~J j~, 'CQIlm~t if ~ Oiii!Y if 1'~N) has .~ 'I< .... "i' h~~lIt~< f Mb.it:r,"~T 9!'Q~.cntC5 "'~ bilv~ ,~, r",llvwt1l<li Ih~",'in"

1i.2.U'l~ft!J A. ~_"<1'~:liL _I~.IJ~ i~ bOluod;xl.

li'mm To !ll'QW' lllwt hi,,} j" 1i;J000d.d, i. mipt I!o< 'l!ow!1 th .. 1 ii~ 11. "1,W!,,t I",CIi!;cl 1!d I ~p : !J«,gd. 1lO!C .. !~, ~(.I("l ;" 13I;'I~~II"'i1I, til.., oS1!qL3;,rree bas a Ilmi~i ..Jl th~ limil L. 'rlre.reSli.: lim",_+ -a,., - ,L. and so by I:kfillkioll ~.2.2. for e = l tJil;'i"i:' ,.",,~!.>; " ~ mn:b"" ,li .,. {li MId!, iha: nt '"! ~ ;m lD'll<i.ii'I'-i" '''0<1

1r0i >Nthe:al~",,-.tI<l

~. II ,~,. NIlM:II -J .<. I" - L e: 1

ot1- if n > to '~Ii L - ! .( mR <1.. ... J

It WDo·m; (;orn lh'. ~IfloSl't t:I~ltt. a.!u. !lrnl\lt t oi ~!;,!! D!Jmb_ <tt, .a'll -" ., 6lio" 1. - 1

is il Io· ... er 0011 d lOr IJJ~ "~_l~Pt'_ 'L1l1d "J' "']:It"'" Ibt)ulI~ ts tn.,;. 1\ll~8i oil' du: nmnbera '1' oll:!. _ ... , (lNo L+ '!

_ ttl I ~ L-l- .. _ <2 "" 1 _~, ,_ .~ ..,. ! _ In _ .16 ! _ I',

.3.. a..-~ If~ - L =", ~--Y---:i' a;3i--~--T,(I~--I--"'i"'

!1!'tt . -" -= ilm ,,~ .,H"",- :tim (: II'!+ ~) "" ~. 'l't!U4me {~ J. ,i •. dLIIa'gt'Jd"

~. - .:rt-~"V:l !11! j!:I!!!!'!!II~ ,.. ilL,·

4. ~::±§

~, k~" ::;; ~I'I.~ '*" 1 n ~,~~-t'!

Th IJm fool" cloemi1lllw oflh 5~1£CI1~~!"C. r"""u:I tot "'lltallitl~ tI by I, ~, 3,iJIld 4 .. Tfn~

<I) =3(l~ll";'] .:~! , '" 3(2'1)+] _.~ .a, ;;;;;; ~g;U=: i2 ", 3(-4:1)+ I _ liI~

1 ~"P} -+ 1"3 ~ Z(2'i) + :2 2' .~ 2(') 'I- :; .21' --I 2(~"H' 1 M

ulliDg~II!:h.'1I1qU1; d~~eol' f'll~ L'imita oi' I!m('YoIir.;, .m Ii., ....

-_ 1

'", .'. lnli..,j.1 .' ""' .. p1

L~m ~~ !:~ ~_' I.rlll rt ....... ;&.~

rII-+OO ~~.2-n, Tn :It ...... ;;f!f!:2 Ti

Thl!!ii;;{\lll£ ~h£;g~.eE' (G,,' 11; d.h~rg.~lit

" ~,_2'.11.2, •.. ~ "'_..0 _l--S _~. _3-·18_ 15 _3-_32_~'

," 41'", n~ _ 1 ' o!ll!'!;' nQ~ ,,<;,',ltC<l, ., _ i=1 ~ - 3' ~ - "J=T" - -"'jf" a~ - I!) - I - -IF

-\-:1,

Nm m = lim :3. - 2'n~ = .fun :!l..-.;-:::: -2. 'Ik~t'1"(J(J'l! {a,.} h roll'\Cr:g,;:;tL~ ".00 ,Ill;; Ih,lbl; i9 -2.

~~ F1I !!'I""""~ '"i'2",,",] ....... ~.~ ~_

, -~2

.. l! ~ .. i"'"

,~. Qm""'~(!I-"ifI'2.·t,,~ ... ~;~.7.'11=:t;;:1>j·6.1,!l'I=~ ""131$. Ii,,,, ~= till! t:;.·",,~,'di~~O!J:It

if'l ~ III .' Um:a 00[1 :;r,- ..... +~oSl

''P '" _Ill" A .~.Ia, a _ ........ _Lti 2 .._ _.lll.j n, =11lJ~ .• _, f(T\-IItI r. "'" ,·'!".m'ii·""l ... ·I-·'~ n ..... - 1.I'~: • Vl- T'-' "'ClI' - oj ,-~.- ~" -., - W' ...... +1- ~~ - '" .. >- ... - '" ",",.

,.!~.., )'(Z) ..... !~DO> ~ =;r-~ ~=,.!~ ~-" (i

:9.y ~ntooroOOl .. (l:.2.S' 'fI!~~ J(>.'!) .. (I V;hm'Il"iS . !

'" I..!1; ;:; '" IQg!E"" JJVL

-_.PI. til ~

'.rIl.~ rom fulu .ell!il<N!~tB. ~r th!J ~lIJlclI:e !mj

. _.! .. ...!..._~ _ 8(;.2 ~ Imll _ 1'0..4

~ ~ lli"~ -, ~ - 2 In t' <l:i - fii1' 1l1, _. 1'1.i"1.

W" "''P,p1,~, Th.,oo:..:n 8.2.3 'W 4clmnmc ",hcthcr lke ~1re"U! is ~nVBgtnlt o:r di\\N~Ii1' Lc~

j'~) M

'!!1l.l)!l. !(r1) "' .... t~~ ('Vf-ly fIQ.;i;gjV!'! inU-'fI!'" ru, VIl"];"IfL~~ ~ l'l!I:l>pliW5 rule

u II I fum ]n '" 1 i" 1 i(I

~~~, '~I' =: ~.t.~.t Jfi ~ ;;;;; 'an, tI'.J~ 'ii' =

D~~f(iII'" ~h~ filIlijUOi1<C"" [<1,.,.1 is oolw~~~'~i <miL 'h;p_; K'];Ii~ 1),

g'. !I" "" ~~~! Nc "'I. = unb ] !!I; 0, r~,2, <r~'" !.MIll 'i! c:>: Q,SlIl<l, ~ t.!!,ph 3· .,. Mlini, G", = IlUiIii -t O;j' ~.JJ~

"N i!!-I"II :1 ~-2"1:I

11m a" "" .am t:anh R = 1iIm. _ .. ~ __ .. = _I!im .. -" _" "" 1. 'l1l.!Jli ~"DJ iit t.:IrlV<!l'g;oI!Dl a!td iiB limit ill I,

"-'4<iO . ~ ",.._c +e' , ....... l+' .,., ..

UI. ~ = ~jnh·1i'- !II = ~~M 11'1: 1.2, (t~ =s~oh 2 "",j.o6. ~ =.irnlh 3~ 10, ii'il = .siirtb 4,.., 21.

ID't'I til" '" lim. !(c".- e"""l=:~. dl""~ilIt

:,,~ ifI_~"'J

'1-" :". _'11"" ~ _ _1._. 1 1_ 2' .'~ __ '" _~. iL_ 1 .iA_"~~" '-' ..,., = n+] ee 'j" Wi ~ rrr[!Ol[] ,~iII' ""1' ":: -Z+l~,y., """, ~ - ,,"'11'1. -1' <II .• ';;;; 5"-"~ - ....

BliM!J!m I ,m~ I =:! if lit i, w~ iID'iI """ "" (I of 1] i.~ ~'I'nI. "lUct.1 ... eli.! doc:; ~~~ Wi. 'I1;f!~ol'l! {Ill .. 1 i!! d)v,,"]r~Il~.

:!iS1 FOL'OIlOM:lIIL APPROXJMATIONS, SJU;lUELliC&S,AN1l) [1QFINITE !i;F.Rn:s:

l~;. {~~h"n}

r;> If .~", = 'ii?h '\ th~.!I nl~ .fu:s'i; ~h!.i~' Itkm!l'Ma. M'(! ~ml'il

h -"! .. 'hl~l' ~, .=;;'illl;::l'~,.... ~.u13,_ .. n" ~.""~=_"".'

~I ,~ll'll -...... ~:.! - i'i1l1 - 't."" ,II;;; = ~ "" , .-<1, .... .iiR ~ ~ "".

:B~1li~ lim il:! II ~ '~~ ~~~. ~ lim mLb t~- -fo;l>, W~ "i!iillfh u ,t" ~ba1L .im"~ does gg' ,~i!Sl:.

iI!I M. ~ n.--+-:Id'

!EI('1!";~. til.'!: 8eq~r:lcc {" .. J is "i~r~'I:.

'"" lc't ~ = {1-. ~r. ThM tb.!!! n'ris~ fi!ll!l.t el.eD'~:L .. "-1:"

n _ e ~ _."'~_.'" ....._ _ f.!:,\~= l:~~, .• ,"''' .... _ (~').oj _,!!.Jl ~ E no>

u~ - '!J,_ .~ if -.:. - '":it, ~ _ ..... ~jI - ~i' """'" ':'I!o;l}I.), , - f - m ...,;jo iJ-1JIV

U f(.z).::::l (~.f.~) 1hg;

I~I'I! 1(",) ~1'!Uf.i'l Ii +1'; _ [ I~;'L {l. +3¥/~r '" ~'<!; 7.li:I

ij ...... Cd'" ~M~, ,i} i,= . ....,;;+~ ,.;.')

'.I!'.!;w.~, w.~ ~.GC' is ~n"'ffrg!lDIt iiIl!.d h.as liwh ;:.

l:l'. an "" 21 t .... al = 2, ~ "" ,~l/2 ",. i.,n. ~ .= "l,li~ "., 1.'Hi, <14 ._ 'ill ii, ~ La!!, .lilT, ,,~'" Ilirll ~m "} .. ,= I =. i.

- :n;-~' i!.l.-"~

18. ~n '" (!,) t/~. 'lIll -.~ - 0'.50, "'l= (g.)~!l "" 'I). T 1, '~ _ (~)l/) ~ o .. ';;g" 1D11 '"' (~)l'~ .~ (La'4 li:w Un "" lim e,.rn 1.ln = I = 1

u..",.~QWi "'-+oa-

t9.. ,m" '" If,, ..... ll ~1 = !'Lr.t!..I!:l-i -O.SO', ~ "" ""'O.~, 1114. - ~- O.?5 . .I..E!L Jt.:) = :..~-. iI}' L'H<>pit,.;_.:t ~ rule

lim i(';r) "" lim. ~ = .11m "'%Il~ q ",,0. [IIy '1'11.8.2,3 lim a;" -~. 1.'hll!l·flll l 00lI~'i!il~,",.1,o;l O.

:t--,~- ;;.-otI .... --.Ii ~~ ~ iU!I-,!;l !I-"fiIi3;f f.1

:i;I!i, t~~,.,}

10 '!.~t ~~. a 'co~ f.I~. l1Mn ,tho! fiJ'ij~ tour ~ljm!!(j~! .1II!'l!!

~.I. "" !lOS l'I'.= ·-1.,. ~~. = .oo~ ~ "'. I. ·a3 = '00·& :il'r"" -:I., ;;;4. =. C:OO' 4~ = 1

:Re;'.a.1I:.'lII!· til'!; "''" :: -] if'~ is <!Ill odd. m~r lIfMl OO~;l\l~ = I ~f,., j., ~",: ~'~ j~h,,~r. ~~ID '~" does 'Dot ~

lltw; ~be aq~~lllc~ {<Ii~} is dl~"',!e:!I!-.. .... ~+""

Iii ~<:.-ci~ 2J-~, fE'tillil.llite i&ilapllil:8ltur ~b~ 1~ll1il; of tllJ! ,r.aro '.lttll D~ i9Ill'Ill!'i!.iIit;~. OImf.itm :l'Q<lI.r ~11'LB'I1l a~alytiellil..v.

JI. (OI) lim i_ "" '01 (b) li'li ~... nUl 'l;'""7""'{!l....- '" ~ ~;Ij

w-i"oo ~ , ...... -ioo ~ ril--.foo '" -r- (lIn) .Il:;,

14. (Oti) G+2:}; (b) f.)':)

~, (n} 'Ih-;,: ~;"'Lj~ '"¥~ ~Q''''' -2. 1il1~l.!iRJb'.

{".jt~ 1iIm]~ 'W} '~lIR1!' ~E_,_.'ITI_.' , ~ .. e, .,~.~_ ~ "'.. • 1 • ..-. % = lim ,~ =~. b..\lIt

,-~.,~ ~"'~ • - ~W:N') " .... +<0:0. ".~+... n,.j. (11 r11

• __ ~1(n+~)_n:t("_3). itP _ 'l'

,Qm ,e' "" 111m -. lLm - hm #, "" ..

"~,, ""'rl-"" (iII-'il)CIl-4~ "-'f"'" ( .. -3){ .. -4) ~--'- tl-:Jlnlll 1:J11,)

'!i(j_. ii~ =~. ~n~l> 1. 'let I(~) -- .__;:."'_ HI L'1El&viml"s mle lim 1(:.;) = Ilrlli =", "" tim ~_ fl.

. " 1""1 _--:;:;.. "'-_ I~', ,~~-+-..:! ~-r:nRI~f

~5 Th. B,~,3' ~{J IM.t:~"'I~, • ...!!f.",~ .. ","'ii, 1'I;nL'!, {or,,) OOl'll!I':I')lCl! t'Iii fl. IfO "P~'lS E" 1lh"'''I'ilI"II<!:' ji,

T:hlJ,'j {'II,,J i;; lil!i~l!,,!.M ~ ib~fi{O'i ;li~~g"""1..

'm Ii[XE;'lWS 27-~:2. d<Clcr.mill~ rU /J;!' _Ill~ ~s ~D~,""ll!i,!l, ,d~[~~.!l& Qq' Ilbt :roo~~~i~.

u u

1"7 - ,;'" '''"'~ ~i:, =! - 'In! 5, ~~, tlJ"~ ilivMgl!J. lli«:4~EliI! 4iI ~;) !:Ii ~~U~I!~. Q" i~ ,!Ic ... ..lW!l..It-

!!S. {~::::n

I> Li!II. <J,.=~!"~l:o~ ~1!.Il d:i,v~rm\ ..., foro;! q .. , .. t-~, ~!1_'" ~ iI, d«rc.,oaijl.!l. U",", {u..,l iii

fu!lN~illli, I'l-. L~,:n - ,'~ 2(qo" -1)

1:9- !lin - 1 -,~", = ~,- :2. 1Jt,e~lJse .L i~ aI .. ~i;;~. e. Iii d«JfMill~.

fl' n' ~ . r.:

3(1. til ...... ,irl.'n f'I". 'Bocallre sill. ,. ... ~ 0 fill I!lfO!r:lf in.teg~r :n, Uta! ~cr:,.} i::; '" WJJlf!;\lIJl sequenee .,.b.kh ~ both .lDt.re;!;SEm ,;"n.j db':I'~ll'I\g.~.i!I. b~D~@ .m;OO!l}toru~

:u. til ... =,'Qji~,'I'. 'illt '"",GQ6 ~'='~ "'2:;:; ""'-, ~ = -i, ilia =~!l!i9 ~ ~ -1, a. = ('o-s!;y = ~'" Thas iIo >- ~ and II\:! ;(~.

Ffi' :li:!lliI::' \',;)JIl,!$ or "" .ri~" 1l,,.I, ,Bnd far some 'lakes IiIf ll" an ;( "n-I" 'fLllli ili(; scqlll!ncc il; not mi;lJl,-,I,a'l.i~

tl ,{j'l-!=-~~}" "

• ! B I

~, -

!> ~ _, I'l,~ ,- ~.~ Iile l'ii'~ iii. im.(;J~Qr; tlDiil !- i~ .g-«ff~illll, Ich<: gl'-,;:~~ jI;uqili~' ;;., i,,~~'1\Pi.

33, ,a - = '1. I Ij) !'titl I 0 ..... I II. m 'I'll wi

'" 'o+o9lll jll C!'l '" ITIIl;:;' .,- '. II.;; = ~ +,lfU!! -1 "" """"" "'3 = J +.I!i~ ~ -:<:; -- ,. I lIS al;( ~ "~;

till ::>~. 1:'W:"iOffii:l "'n.lUr3 ,of 11. ~,> ,~+~, ~ 19: ~~~ \,.tLl~",-; "f '''I 4" < <l .. +l' 'Tb,<!1II1qQj~~ E; '...,~ IUhl'I(lt;:In.i,C'.,

,3-lL iO~,;;; l-!;" =2-~\ '" .D~'_' ~-",+ I is d .. A'A1~ • ..,g,~. a .. 5~ lrlt~~ll!.G_

sn _L__ ,] h!.~(:a'" - eo -"). .

iii. ~ '~ '" ~_"!I- k~ /(:-) ~ ?+ F· TfRn ['.e:::) - - po; + s-ijT'" < I) r,;-r .,;,. 0.

'EI'.e!!I~~ l(iZ!) L!l ~~~~ :!l:Jr i!' ,. 'D ,., tJ:!i!!~ II", h:I d~;H.~~tll!i till:!' ~ti..,.~ ill~~(C!'lo, n.

~.~}-

.: : ~l. - ','- 4'1;lAl .is/. 111

J>' LIlt 11, .. -=!!i 'W'~ h",,~ at '. t. "ll ,; ~ ~ 2.5;1 "':l ~ ';3: '" 1$'"" ik~-_iJ5e <I't <:~ . .::~. thit .o:ql!""1IC m~f 1>0

~ iI

i~ll1- 1l';;(j2l[ifie

i!ln71 _ (an 2)!' 5'" _ {~ +- 2)(2;;;, + l)

~-~·t".ilI:l.JI- 41> :> 1

.. 1.e!~:t1 2: 1. 'I!l~ ;}a(f!!oods 'thi:!'~ l!llic~~!!~ {a,,} es ilf~~~lllil!:'

~ POLY-r.,'{)(IUAJ .. ,U'rROXlMA1ITO;r;:S. seqUF.1\"(,I!:.'l, r'!. n INF]' tTIE SERI~;S 37, ,tI==-~, "",,:1. - [n +.l)lj • = {".+ l]tl!,.:'I" ;;::. <1.+ L:> J it (l ;;,.2.

" .~. Q' In+r a 3,"'+~ T.l <l

IlM<::.¢ bhe ~I.!IIDo.e:is ilH:l<!a~i1l.l! ~.i ~1iIf.' first tWOI t..-rrL"'

.,,, - til ~'~H .. +:!. .'." n·+ 1 .. I :<' '. "l. .... T U . • J •

~ !Dll'ii '=':iF' .~ = :t' f··1ii == ~ ~ - ill ~ .... 1 ;:; .1ll~ ~;:;:; • ~ U'E:"IICfl Nil in 'IintGro;:u;liiIr5'

... ~ ~. I. (_;n+ (1"+'1 men. (n". I)"{" + I) ft' ('"+.' I)

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• " q:." :".- tn.+l)r '1)! fn+1JiFJ~ n - U

.<m. {Ji:2 +( -] )"1iI.}

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'iI 1"1 l ,; 1'1 § " '~r II i~ 'i9I~

(ila+l- " .. " [(!!+ If +(-l)'< "l~ HI-In +(-1.1""1'" 2,,+ I +(-l) '(ZPl- 'Ii" I) =14n +:2 if n isOOd

.il:lenUt a,,+l,'- til" 2:: nor".! ,:;0 ~1!'" so:;qlRn« {Q"J is in>cue.!iing.

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, 11'11'+:1 . • n~'+lI .

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In &~~isa!~, ~. I}~"~ ·t.M~I1jj,f,r:I~'l ~ ''''~II''''''ll.NI hi U,.]CI!. ~rm ::;,2.1'1lI.

'I,',l. III .~rui!' 27 ill<' ~~ nee ttl.,} ={~ - t} i\\... '''''"Il t<JI be,. kl'ln"ea!i~Ilg •. ~'LlI~I!i~~m!l:tl! 0' < 'J!!,.'<~' W~ ... ..... 'I"~,

pu;:il! .• ';;· ml~:~.£$ n, "l'il.ur. tb.c 8i:q1l.mi:1!:L b')I,IJJ.o:ko:l;md EIl.cmmo'lrlc. ami sa, h, Thel!.-reflt 8.2, Vl) j" j,,; !:,.(>lI,"~~' •

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4'1. '11 .. = ~.4.,!L---12"J - ..... = ~.1.i!I. .{~:kT2rJ 2.4.4) .... -(211} -i!"+~';.'

~!~~ t:bil' ~11 iR~ iii; d~clllliil''':' Purt!J,..rr!1m''' (f .;: u,. <: J r~!' .Ill! ]lIO!1ld"·,,, !n:I~ ll.

TUjjiil:11~ ~.IQe.g;:c ,(,; bo_d~ Alta iii"""gi'l'J'lI.o;, Mil 1<9 1:>1 T'll~De.i.l(1 j ~ .1 ~'Il'Ji!'F!;l~El.~:r.I.

ill!!:. 'Ii'h~ '''"l~lm:I~ ",r Ex~~ .l;ic

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_2"'__ !ct.2"_

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T~. ~:" 0::: I, l!!Jtii1 ·1I6M e, 1. iJj UlJ upptt booL!q.o! fq,. {~. B;;<;;;l,lIR i,tl"I' Ii> mlOI!lGl:C1!I1:. !!;md boali'dtd, by 'Ilb:ool't!!! $~O1:.~O i~ • "JlJIi'I''-<i~~Ilt..

4.$.. In Exaci~ .as iJ!,e ~Cjill!.ll~e td~J .. {l ~~t;;} ~ ·mo".[') ~o !J.!, dec~lfI~ ""I('! (I <: >1' .. <:: l..

TIilt.J$ ~Ii,= ~,u,cD.(c·:is IJimIDded. a:nd mU1:l<l'1J)IDo;, ilIm!l 'S(> b~' Thro:nm S.I!.1I) jt i!l oom'~en,,-

~, 4" "'. ~ ~tI~"~ 3$. t!J..i;, a:quoo¢>! {aNI '111"" 'Iill<'",'l kl\; of.o~~i I'I~, ;!Old ;" ;> D. it ~,,~~~ Ilj' 1fill ~,la.

3.2 SEQtJtJ~C£S M1 lU" .m ERC'ci8I: n {a"I' = L oil '.2 ' ~ , '(~ • n 1:\ 'I!'&t! mll'l"'lI 1.1) bo; 4t<':«""_,j!lg,; ..... 1 ili <: .~,.. -e L

u .. "~" .. ,.' "iI1l- )J

TIlI(LS tlJ,.. """1', .. ,.,.,. i'~ bo!rllihlo and mo:oot.ooi'l:~ ~lId:;l[> 'by n,~W1l ~~;Uij t~ is (iOOl! ... ~g~t..

5,2,. TIe ~1~!!r1il' of f:Jti'rc~ ot:!,

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1·,3: ,::k •• ' (:21';1-11

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:IJ ~ +1 (n'Ht rfI~ 111'1+1\2· . 1 ,,-, . . -' ..

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lii'l!. ~ ~ ~, ~" "". i1~ f" := <;In r./ .. ,. '!l-,_, fill ,l;. ::> 0, ili<;:g ].11 J.:!" ;1 d(:c!If~Il~, ;md I>Q ~ I~ .!" .. .,..;i~,. A Iso, il", ;;. Gl. ,rro. Tb(l; scq~~~ j ,;I),,~,o,.1 o,t, 0,. .. is d~arly booM!Ci~ to!), 0 AR,! 1). ~oo."'ti$\r,J:n (1.<, ~~ l'ltlt .,~o~ m!.loMr.-ie..

$:. Prove 1:lie<Jitem &:l,'3.

~ ~'Ie ar~ gi~[l

........ ~ ... J(::!:)= L w!ij!!ilJl i9. ,eqll!ii .. :alcrlt IiO

P'I!I.!" ~~Qi i, >. 0 thn IS a IlIIImkr N' $U~ ll!!at f':;'·Il.H .f~. numbers ... if Xc;:..N tbnljJ!',z) - LI<' wl1:icl!. Im.plia!

'f',O!r ,rw!ijr:!!' ! > 1I ,tJ]...oeL'i! i:!I ~ !!,.~~ 'ri' '!;IM tM.t fi;ll RILl tlOi'i'~~~ io:i~,~ n, ir'll ::> N ~b"IIIf(1Il11- LI..:. wrn~ i-. ~i; .. ~lwt le,

li,.-,· If,.} = Ji.

,TilEOo",,"OO

L£,t -l'=;J;-l Then 11m 1_0_,,-1)" - ~lJ' l_(1_..,-l)D _ lil i~lI"l)l0l!rn -ll1l"'-1."",~

,51. "'-. .• . ";"l" ... l- (1- Oll-lt - e= ~ l- (1- ~-'r)[I; ~~r- I -V" iI-i- -&r!-] f

5~ Sup.po!l;!'!! lim"" =];. MOl I m a,".~ M, IIilldi I,M -·~I""''> iii, fo:!1' ~QPt1o; N', If ,,> N, t'L...m I~ -1..1.:: ~ ilM

11I ..... +t» Il-++"GY.

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59, [1]", '" Q., {-FlT"} .. {Ill} aIla I'im II) = 0. Not .. $'U~ !l <: 1'1"' 1·< l, an-d Id !('~) = 'f"" k :c ..

. I .)....,;;;-fi;~ r-

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,..._+~ .:f--'F>!JO ~~ _ \~J)t

"~" !(~) = Irrn. ~= 1Lro { I;n 1) -z= lim ~ "" a

~~ ~'II'"' ,I""""~ _\ iI"'if' -~ "-'!Jllr'

,,!~ ~T""::::i~ M-cl '\':> Iltl~.'Ill"{J,f'.Ile;.e ~ oomq;cr.:~ ilDg it. I'mi~ [,. (I.

61l. P"1l,ml 1'''11.1 if ,It;; ~,,-.q'J4'I..lt;.C ('l!,,} j •. '~Qn'~""''1t .

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I~ -1..1 ~11L -~<!I ~n:"I-ll'I~1 'l'!J,~!lo'irON:t

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tfL-+OO

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if,; >N Ilk!iL II a,."H!.J I

t1JtruJ!1'. b::l' ])ofi~i~ioll i!:l'2.~, ,~~j"" 1 '" J L t

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T,D;[~ l~,~ "'ilium~ N2 ~.Gb, ~~~ I,~" _, [,I < iEt. :I 'fOI '~"f!!'.'Iy in~ ,0, >X2• :Il~~G{l

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~ {<'\"l br. '~"ij<j'"E~"" ;j!l!d 1ki1 .. " {~,J, U!"3~~~""'" Df ,"",!1i~I",""",., .'LS ~"I!~""" ~];;;;: ~~

~~~ :=' Toil 4' ''''~

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<I"""IIII+~+···'+1.Ii..

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r~ .. '" lim;li"

tn,;ml rt-!.~

... ..Ld w..'W!llIl",i '~.!!i!ilfi1i"il<: 'I!I'r~ ~ ~l!<""IT9'C'nll.. 'F&~ '<:>rnt;:tl dl'finilL\Q)i!; O!!",~ O!.!; r~w~

S,J.]~mtdoo Iff t~.".~ l~ ~ ... q~O'lI;!Ol tilJd

~ .. =, "l +'iJz~·~.+·"'+'~",

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l~~ :~I!lm~ '"'1' ~, ~, -"~ 'r.!". ••• ~ ,,,,,,H~ !fu, t'"rnI!~ M ~I:!~ infudn.:c !iilri~. Tb~ n!IDbl')!l ~.!' "21 ~~! • ~ ~~ J!'n~' ! ~ • ~iL~ 'l:.3iUhtd I~~ .p!]rrf~_al $'Q;~ g~ 'dJJ.;:ig~i'l<: ~-I~I

+t:II:I

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iln<frnit~ S@l!~ JoE Hm..;:~ ~~= ~t~ !;i; ~ji,!a1 ~ii, .. ~ ~y '11:!i)i.i. iI!\:' gl"<:'.liI ~~ I:; <I'(>1l'I\~'l'~

~-~

'i3Qi;:biiiG & il> ~M ~Jljm m (fu~ gl,,"'!!ffi iflIrnri~ _VfIIl. If tim. 8~ d~ 11M ,~i~.I.. ~b" "",,,,ir.5 J.o; r!:'iI.id' ~ ~, dj~~.Pl,t ~~. ~ ,s~1e$ d~ 'n<:>t ~""C,~ =. PJ-+""',

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+~

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n.=:a, . :'l~4-tr;: +':}I:;I

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n,.....,~~ .. m:lii.L - _ .. >:i ......

00l!I"~ o:f 'I'.liioorron t~:l;3 Hi fillse. fiat ~,if U~~" "" n, ii OOE:3 .flo;!; f.ol~'1!' teat E" ~". i!.

n'-'~ :n;;::::;:l

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~. ~~ I~":~+;+i+"'Ti+'" ~'~~~6~t.

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U :~NTiNrr~ SERI~ OF OONl;i"'TANl' 'TE!l:ME ~.~ JilaIilfl; 1(h~la!.Ii. m. t 1.+ ~+~ +. ,,! -1m. II). 00Jl",~ ~I:I!I! lImIt is'; ~.'(l.5TI:2U'1'_

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LfCi·

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S.!!l1io T.ltLomun Tbe' gre:me;trie.w'~ 'OOI!l\fervs to lh.!; ;SWT;i ,[!1j(l - rl'id' I r I.;: [, ~d d~"'e~V-~ ]f JF ~~. L 'Th1!!~

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!)c,,:c~ T.1i«k1l!m. ,If "'f' ~'" ~lli!, E ill" ~e. :t,W6 lJi.£lnt~~ ~~~ <ljml~~(l, ~rulo' I~ tJ'_f!t~ fiJ:!l~ tT.i IJo!rr!!i!l ~I,(j._ .:lj, .. ~Ik' if

'......:I ' .... j,

~~, ::. m),tl'loo ci.t,hw' 'both soc,"":ics oo:m.~'~g'eOii Il>!:;.tG ~a!'i~ dh~

~.~~ TIt .... rErnj LI>'l ~ 'IJ." "nr ~"!'!""'" ""''''~~'

. +""

(i) ~r Itt", F.J~E Y,.. n 'r.9I'1"<'.tv-1U ... ::::.l

ronorewtlil and its i&llm Is tS.

,",,'<o:'i _

~ii) ,[I' tl'lc series E ijt,,~ l::;, di"~ii1~. UJ~ ~~ _i~ .:[: nr." is «1~ dj""l~tj~-

,6.il.7'l'hrortm ]1' 'Ea., \il.ll>d. "E'~~~r~ OOJJ.V(([g;n:~ mliirrli!~ ~fle!i,.lJ;:'!~~II"";:cf,,, It Md~· .;;rr~i1yd!l', !.bell!

~J ~ ....

+00

(1) E r.ll ... + ~ .. ) 1J; 110 «Ir; .. 01~~j~ Il'lirt"" ... ,j~ ib "lJ!nii <v .Eli "'I.~

~l.~~,

+s-

IL_,,'t-Ij j'~ :,!~I~ !:'li S~ 't~hefi. td!--C .~~i.'l.!li L:L; C!J~ ,~ ~ 0=1

@!) E{<II .. -~~, i:!I ... (,(!!l'~&O'nt ~fJ~ ~d its own H :S-R.·

ri.::::i:'1 .

:9:..3Jl fte.;!IJCID If·:h¢ s;iiilc;s; ~ """ ilII ~g~,;,etl,~~ .::.M. ,the ~;.", 1: b,", ~ ,~i~~. 'Qf:im ':~,t ,~eI'OOa! f ~II .. "" h~)

i!l 4l[r~~t,<='I, R=~ rt='

!<;s w!l!~g~~bl§l,j~ l!lii.l! '~~~kl'i '\'1\1; .... ill ,i;j~~r.;i<,i;' k,";,llIi!ju,"" rOl' dfl~errnini'~ whc~l:.ber ~. M~ ... Ki-ilii:i: J'" ~ilI"<:i:I!~~' In 1i-(~ tI5ti.~.torq~b:!L'i,ff: ~Ii,e fol~"'Niri~ mctboos;,

1:';), ,;hmiI"~...l ~'llI<'rk;:;:il; (lII1l-1ltJ'¥-JIt, ".ah<:i

I. IllId iho PMt.lAl ...... "TO' "nod dw~ Um .,,, ~.li:~~,

'n~

'~""~'i1ow ~~<14 tile E.f!~ i!l B g<S,orIPl'~'rk:;om~ witt. ''''1< ,

3. ~ tb;!!i; tlie series i~ i!. mulilple of I!. 'D'''''.'rgo:mt. '".:ires or Ib~ Slim iIl'1Wo) <;i1;l1l~[J.t Bl!i

1'(> Sl!iU"- t~li,.t a i!>!f'i!!l B !i'G~"~IQt, tit~

L fi .. d .~~,.., !_~U!I SUIm B .... ""ad ",11>0'11' i;~;, 11m ~n dees Mt .:xi&1 "-"+1JIiit

:I. ~00w 'tha;~ lim .... f;. (10

... · ....... it~

1I. Bbaw tlt!w~ ~!!.1: ....,::tia r. II Il'IlOmnrio: ._is .q~!I. j 1'12: 1

4. ~lio ... iliilt. ·t~.e ,~ ... i~ i~ ~ multipl~ oJ ., IDv;;~m' "" ..... '" H; th;c EUm of "" ,c<mY'~ _ di>'l!'lg~tsml:li.

ID 'Ii.'>:e:n;i.15 l'-a" fiild . &0 fir;;!. ifoll'r "L\cmo:;nilf ql' Cbl: ~mIltl ~']1ol\l:'th1 O',i',," {"'III'I ;, ... 1 ni!iidl ~. lQrnJ.uL!!< 'klf ~ kmuiGf no liloo, d~ir.tlfrl'r)" if the iR6niie mr1o!!1 is ~'l'IWd"&,lll <;I, WV'CIl;gmt, ..00 if'it ill roll¥~I, 'rnml it!!' ~1!IDl" ,-t<oO I + ... rJ 1 _L_\ ll.l\ J

L £lr2ii<-1j{ll!,.L+l) ~Z\::!"'_I-~J'i~ ml-;u~J

11,( 1) fl 1'] 1/ l) '2 I~( . 1) ('I ) (' "] !I 1) J

~=:2t: I-lj" +U;-iJ =1l'\.I-~ "",~;$$=~I ~ -i 7' .li'-~+ 1\--';) =i:,:l,.l-y -'7

,S~, 2 M{J -!)+G-~)+(t_~)+~L!)]"" «1-~)"4

~ :; Ir(~ _ 1) ojj]_u,+ .. ,+ t. - 1 __ . _~) +.r~ _ ....-!:-.)~ ~ 1/ [ _~) '" ,....J!,-.,.

rI. ~ ! cr I} ~!ii'=I~' :o!:fU7·.!!·j 2\ ~ .. ~'+J.

Be lim r III I) 1 1 'th ." . w" ." ,

~:soc: f.'i' .,..:.0 '~ill' = ".!~~~. -2.t+T . .:::::l;z- = T ~ :~Ii"I~ I,. !!".ft!!\·l'fwm~ us sun. ~!'"

~

2.. E "1_ ."t = 1, <;2: = t ". ~ = .l, ~:'I "" l + 'l + 3 "" 6 • .8,4, = I +:l! +;J. T 4 -= ]1)0, ~" = ~rlJ: -I:- I). "_',L

8ee1;l!I~e lim ~,,- +00" Lite 5e"'" i:;, di"·!.'fi:I!ili~.

11,!!=o-:f..1lO

II. ~ ~,_ ~'M.I _ _j_) .,,5f]_!)_~

~1. Pl".~1;(3<!l ~ 2} .i~] 3'(~n-2 ~. ;!] :l\ 4 4'

~::,~{"-D- U-~)] ... ~~-t)-" jf!l,=i(l-~)+Q-+) ... @-~)J=~> -fa);;;~

N(- 1\ II 1) (I _u t : n] ,st, 1..., '~ ~~ ='tl,I-iIli-\i-r'';' ~f-lW+rra-ID-:a\l- n:/=- IT'

.~,,""~(l-U+U'-~)+··· +(1" :.~ -3n:':i)+(Qr, ~ * - ;in1 VI =Il-~'~ j)= 3n~: 1

& -moe ,!i!!r.I .r~ ~ liql &l't -+,). ,li,., '" l LlN! it!rl~ lIs CIlIl!v"~en~ 41l1d its 5-!.I:l1'!1 !a l

KI_"l-aa :I1!-,OO ~, ~ -3 ,,- "

~ 2

~. ,,"i:;l ~ - 3J( 1.1-1 :1)

I> W~oo.''?'t1>,_ (4l\1-:l)~0!'+1)

1l!~ Intm<lk1ns.!: 1l.a.m~ M1f,.1P1:lf r\1'lij.(ermll~ fw n iEl, (1). 'W"l' hil. ... 'Il'

u, .... i 11:2=~ ~-~ !!~ .. dr

f!lOrn whkb \\Ie O'bt4in lb~ fustc !&U i!I~J,,-.~~ g{' 'i!h.c S(jqlll~lle~ oor ,pMtiAl ,'hi_~

~I = '(>1:= ~ "';0 '" "'l-l- U;i '::!+;fu=~

,5;1 =",'''''':1 'U~=~ +~.:o~+ I~~ ""i!i ~4 = "I "l'''ll +.':) . "4.;:;;' ~':$+ "'" '" ;\+~:=~

".ro fi~d. !)o i"n~lLI", ~r """, m; 1]4;; P"li~!!! ifH;:'ID:Ili! ~ ~,a, ~I;;;!.ltl~;~ _i~- ~l

Ti .. ~ 14;'-3R4n+1)= lfi'~~,+ 4.",'!1 I

W", .&tid: A • I. ADd, B.,. _.1 'DIIJJI!!!~ _ 1 _,~

~ :~ .:rn"=l 'ft.'H" 1

.B~,,-,,"

lim s "" tim 2"". = I1m 'i -"". ~

.,,...+..,-n ~. ~ 4n + [ n~+= " ... 1 't

'i1.ilii eQ~11>d lh,.l ~l'l" i:nfillli~" Hi!'! Pu~ l!;l WI'i'·~~~n1 =d

~ * I .2\ (48'-3 4n+ l) =2"

-II,,:~ +00

5- t: In- ~l-= :c [J:m. r:J. -l1i{fl.+ 11.1- :1'1 = J!IJ 1·-1.11 2", -fir:!~'

"".:.!l O'T ~3

1B:i- (tu. l-m 2~ ... [ln ~ -11:13) = -ln~, s.a= (In l-I~ ~) +~~I:i 2 -In :.l}+ (In 3-1m~) = -In 4

~4 '" c,t .. l-IIi~' Fr.I 2 -In .a}i- On;j, -1<1 4) I-(I~ ~ -h. to) ~~ID ....

,I1r;1= On 1-lJ! ~) ... (11112 -.I!n liH .. ,., I II~(,,- I) -In ILJ ... Il,.., - ~~(~ -+.lll "" -il1lill +, 1) ]l~ll!l1l ~~"" ~I .. "" -00, I.hr. Iil:f~ is .Ji~~r enr,

- -+~<!' 2,,-1-1 TS'<'(n.+lt-:r..:!' "'~1 I] . . I 1 1 01 ,~- E~'L'i{i!i + 19 ~ .fj ~2f!l ... 1~r I,t;;'!- ffj~ II ' "I"" l-i'" ~i ~~ ... (! -iHq-,l '= 1 - ~ r;,

1 'I 1 .J r , l:i.e\. . ] [1 . Ii, d I· . ., 211

,Il" = (1-.) ... ,(~-§),+ (i'-RJ - I--rn =tl:' "'~ '" p - ~I)·I (!I-~)+ (:i-ro' +~w-~)·'" ] -rf=-~

,er:t -""(] __ 4t)+/! _11,+. --+[.~-~]:2 l-~. lim _ n.= 1.- ne ~nl!:!i.i~ C(lI.!lVf'lrg!:<ll' ",'it!; 6IIID L

\~ &) . I (rl _ I) f",,+·Lr .. - ......

1 '\-- z ~. ~. ~_ . _ .• _.'l' i _ 1~. ... _ t"2 ~ _ fl."~',

• ~·5."~!·;5'] - ~.-·~·1>2-~1-'-1<j,- _..,-~-""'t.l5:J-"~+~ -"!r+~-~:'

.. . 1,12 _l_ :il2 .J - t 1 ~). I - 1/)'"1" 5(1)

Jl4=~+!l4"'~+m=m; n -,l·Tt-t-;:"l"+~+··· ? ",,2 [-1/~=:l1,1-~

!i~jl;"llr;.o:: !i~~ iI,," ~·1 = ~ Utli 'I.trid, ill. QOIiI,~"'m~~Q;' om!!lll .. ""flU ;,,~,

ft..._...,..._._, ::t 2"" ...

. -j. .... ~,,~~

fl'~T

I> W~ ha\'~

\!"-~ rJjl~:c:!m~

1i'lii:iIi, "1 ::.io ~ =,,~,!l1I *', And .. ~, ;;;;;; j. from ",·hl..J> we u'l:!f>&ill tilt. fim ffif d~mrn'" <]of ~h" M'l11'imili' 1M Pl'~iid aums,

o!il; u.1 ~~~:i= ~+~~"'~Ti ~ ~ '" ~,+~a=~.I.~:;: ~,;I1 ~~11 I-I!!t ,~-+tt,-W ll~u$l:

:II ":'1l\"" 'i" .~ -~

,,"'1' .. - iiFi·H ~ .. -r-3

1Il:!~ nO'~~ ;', .• ~ 5"ll)~;'~';'" oori;o;: .. ~tll {[ - i, !l'rul .. "" ~. ;m;dI !9J> w,", ma~ lIS [l'Qi.il:l.lli!il. (13) in tbe I«b I., .. brai Il dL1:: 4I1.1'iII. ThlIl>,

. _I'!,= .-" =i' l- (~N J _~,,,

if __ ,. !_j

.IiCM·i18I"

fun ~.,., '" lim I[ - t~~"l"" 1

1il! .... +OO !I!i-.~

;V~ ~o:lldt!d'1. -.bNl, 1loo 'miiinitt. ~ril!£ is '~OO'lCJ1lCllt,ilIldi ...... 2-1

E .. ~=~ ."=~ :3

[f.j fue je ~ g·-n. firuI Ill~ :imfuJj,N:' :5f!lie> d!<j.J1. i~ 1ilt;,. gh<en ..-.q~, '.,r I1"'rti>;i;li sums, An d~t£lm~J!II!: of tl1~ &!!rl'e.a b ~~.~~e.l!iL .~' ,dJl'll"<!-"t~rj~, '~I!/d if i1 . Is aJUI'~'~~', :fumd :L't!l 6-I!I.m.

. .. _ ~ _ . _ ill! :i:('r~ - I) _ i!,... ~ 2

~, <0" - ~:tI+ L' u.. - 8" -8'~_1 - ;5",+ I ~(n _~) + ]- f-j:ro _ iJt~", +,1)" 'Ii1'i;;, ~HItl; I~ n~1 l:i!,.-.-'l)(l.. :ir

n.,~ .Itm,,~,,:. U;n .~ 2: '1 '" 'lim :.4--1, !!< .~, ID.'l' ~,~ ,~ oo.IlYM1![!m~ &~d. l~ e,um!s .~_

jti,-+=C n-"""'l"'~ ~iHI' I !'l~~""+ J f.Ii II) ;.)

~;t {-.,} - {i.l"}

I!o .Ll~ tlli~ I.n!lh!ik mLo!S- t:o! ,,"!'I_mot<! by ~

:r~

·[Jj!!!!!!1

BiI.e&~ 8, = 3" ~lII.(tI ", = J;. ]i'" ;> l, ~~ .'

II,,'=' ~ -~""'l - j,~ _~ ....... I ~ In-'~(3,- U I = 2 ·In-l Thus, '~"'e i,lif.Lmt~.s~...s f;s

...... 'I

01+ I>~'3"'-

'1>=1 BeClI.llK

tim ........ 11" 3-'''",,+

J!I.=i'~ H-+6!I

!.hE1!l ih~ e.,,{.o>~. dl.ve;,~L

~S,. s .. ,:dn{::ln+ 1)" u" '" ~", -·"' .. -i. "".l<e(2i1l + J) -·111(2,-, - ~) = I~ ~ i). HL'I"n;t.~ d,~ ~" ... i .. --,i;; ~ ~}

F.I<.:fo.'!£<;' n.!!~ ... lIi .. = +~.l1'l~ m:m iI; clj,yw,goot. .

Iirltj:;.:u~~ l1-2'1. 'Nti'lit ~i;'ji ftle~ f~lI!' 'I~ of ~ ~te liN!ct ,~d ,;j~~:mWi~ IOI~"~' ~M' """!\i",, ie.!o _.v~

il(r oIi",~.,t~'l't. IF ~hc li'eric:; '1;; "oQn''''rp~, fin!!, ib um. . ,

M •. !: t t ~ ~ ~ "I" ok "" j[_ + ..... ~ !!m in -1-+:' - .~l'lII ~ +~. - :l." (j,. iL tolli!''III<! imrn Th'!GI'cB:1

~ -.0." l~ R ~-+..".. ,.~+= .3+~ j

8_3.3 the.t (b:~ 5~~ 1;;. dll'lo!.~"~_ !IJ

-Hi>

16- E [1.:+ Hr'l

.. -.u.

~ Tblllfint, fQlll. ~ 0-1 ~!:te iliflllik ~o:f~ <l;rc1

tI,o; 1 +(_~)1 0: ll:2 ""I +(-if ",,:1= ~ "'! +(- )" - U; ~ = 1 ... r-l}-!!= 2' ~ li!ill. u" if= iii, tli.m. b;i' ~....-r.ti 8"3.,Jt.h~ ~ej; is di''CFg~nt_

-+-w

1'1'. '1: l~= ~+1I:1+l1'+~+ ,._- iJj,,,, ~Io:li!:io;; ~ "..ie.bi (:1'= ~.alld r."" ~ <1.

rfl. .. 1W - - ~ ~-

!'huB .. !t i! '~J!in"N~'I'~t\ ~ jioi ~. 1;, ~ "" ~,

_ '!' . . ~.- ~ -s ~

it. E ~ ~~, .I,~ ... 21.,. ~ ..... ~ iim fi~ ~ lim ~!!L.. = ji;<i II 1) = 3 :F o, ~ ~d~Q.i,'~~

(i::: .... n -t ~ . .::. T rn w :fP=r~ r:..-~ I + I r:I ....... ~ 1·+ n.:r.I1

+~ I

~~ r::'l:I! 1 • 0 "'" !~Il +111 1 + 1111 +- .... SiM. IUn 1fi c:- =: 11m ( "":I!!i 'F,I) .. -00 i.l!,~ lII!~~ d!t ...... ,~.y ~, TIo. 8..3..-1

~1 11, :2 3 4~ n~+o:' r1 :no- 00

in Ld"ci~ 4'5-4E, Cl{~ tb~ 11l"'!ltc;rIt!iI'I~irl~; ~t~ (¢(;.imI'.J "", a olfllrimOOI jj,adfoo.

45. Ii! "P1·~1. ZJ' _._ :2721 ' .. ' - '.L 2, d 1 "

. . ,_ - ~ •.. ;;;; rmr 'F ~ + lmiIJ1iilr + ' .. t& ... !l'Cg;g~.,~ ~:.t*9 WI .. ", ~ .;:: "IDrI .:1," r -= [m!!l .;: .,

:11;

Th~r~ it ~ c.on.-crgeot ~..ili i~g smu. is l ~~. '" 21.=: ft-

'1.6- ,. = 2,11) 4~ 4~ 40 •• ".1Oib - ~ .. ~ d:!l45 ~~_ .. _ '!l!l.~ .. ' I~' - ![" 2021>, ~ .. ~,i". m - ~

(1. o.2~1 ~ 2-34... •• = ~ +~-~~+ .. , .. ,&~;;omctril; ~ri.e!; '.';it]. Ii -l;fu ~ 'I" ""~ -c l. ~.fll .... : ~t i!I COO1ff:I"pIl.t ;;mil Jit.~ ~'."11 .. J ~ - ~-,=, M- f1i ... ).:;"

" ... ~," ., •• ,. _ I + 26 _ 137 "

0.""", ...." -. Uf-'lll

4a o..ilii53 ~~~. U::iC3 •• _

II> 0.'1&:13 4D5S cg;S.3 ••• = (]-~&5J ~ a'-Ol}l)tl 'I65:'J + 0.0000 000(11 4.(.i53-'- _.-

iii, ~ gl:Ql'rn!~.~1: ~!!!!I wit.liI. ~ "" 1D.4ili3 "'tid 'r - ,,·_{Iool ~'fi~ iUJ.!lIlO 4~f>3 ~ (I, !J5:I r-r O_OO(U 1I.lld .~~ O!L 'nll.~ 1;y ;f);;o;;)',l!m .~'.,3.!5, 'ft M'oItI

"A~"""'''''''"'''''''''''~''+''''''''''''IIiOO'''''4'''"'+'''- OAm3 M68~. ~~_ .. 7 y..."- .. ',".I!!.,., .... ,,~, ... - .... '''' ... "' .. "" -'l~l)JiO(!! O..!l!3~J-·9m-m

3, .. ~~ S, "'" """ t~'" diili:',lml t,c>"clro ~ l1'l~ iP"ll<lb!~m bob bdm~ i~ oomGli !.<> i1O!lt. Tb.;,n -too

'5: = .IJG ,+ ~1l«(I.~l!) ... ~6{O.~'W T··"'" f/iG01i.il3)n-] ... " .• ;;;;; E 5e((I.~)-]. 1M ill· ; .. 'Y'l''1'!m'ric _',;,a -d~

.SiG 56 .... 1.

a"" !!jim. r '" 0.9·3. Uem~ S ~'r=-6jjj = iim'''' 300. TIir,~~ ~h~ <l~MtU tr.II/I.cled r ,1<- b~ j,. 500 ~1!1I.".B m.

Pm. Le-t It be 1he 1I1D.ba:' or' rotati.6ll<!l ~ t!l.e '",b~ '~r~ ll':o@ D!e)'cl~ s'OOp:!'. 'l'lH:.i:i

r "" :200 + 2o@aG) 2cyi1'i" -+ .•. ",", f ~J i§ :;. g.wmclril; re: Il'> with <l = 2QO.arul !/'. =.'

'\5} i!jKl

[[e:ot:i~ Jr "" :l!!MI4 '" ~o "" mom. TM ,,·!!,*"l ",UJ'..£!s ]00[1 timcs be:f'ore tl,.,. bk~ .!It.cj:l8. l-~ :It

i!i.J.. l&~ s n .... " be 'II •• , d.~ta!lCII u~ ... <'iod '![Jy ~!le' l!>aIl ~roO U cern .... tg, ~"l!~. TIi!~1I

S = 12+ 1:i(~Hl~) .;.l!'1ID~-ir l~~~""'. "" 1~+ ~ 1f'~2~J". We 11qj.''''' .". ~iO(IfI'!M:l!~ _il(\!l ",ltb~. = ~ 1I!l'!.d.

'" 'S ,,,.,

I' "" f. HCI!:'-C S. := 11 + 2 .~ = 11.2 + !i.. _ &I, .. Tbe ball.tn"c;l·· .4 f~ 1;efl!!tl! GomiJllg I.Q r$.

I,-~ \ij

5:l~ l'r'hati; th8WG&!i. ,jJi!!w,o~~'f'a.weJ by a 'ie:l!J'Iji~ hiiill. b6""",·=r:tllit'l~ tf .... .st. if it~ '!"',I'I1'~i ifr,gm "' ~1}1 .. i~M ,~ri ft ~.'" if, ... tt!:i' eacll full. i~ ~~&;i~«I.-'~weDtielhf; of the ·d:inaaB(;' iro.m V'hid! it M!?

,c;, ]..~ S .I!eL b<!tl!~ &t~ ~r.~!II<)~. 't;~ I~ Mirl'ilillbo.ll '~(g~ j~ ";)L'ri.~ ~, ~L Th.m

S == 1l~ + lO(~~+I~~)+ l~qJ +(~) .,. _ .... =; 1'00 + ~ % t~~~r

"'~ ,,~._ .• - .. ~~ ".' c~.' . ,_"~ ~ ,"~ ~~.. U" .. _ ~111"';;; ill!(';l;n;' ~ O>f7l,:.lr,I'I~L<TU.:.,;;;K;;;.I1~' !I11~~C!. u. - ~ ,;;uu~~ F"-' 2ft r;lir.['I~

s 51Q~ +~,"~." ~DQ +.~ -i'l1li1 ...... ¥

I-w 'ffi

I. fio! blill 'I1la.."..,]", 3.~~~ ft :"=' IN.-l.A4. it 'bo!~ <lWl!li~w ~.t"

153. i(~) I~"ij~ Ii '" hf' ... 161;:. ~!i;~ ~: "'~,fi (Ib) U '!' ~ Ii U!~ t~'l<~ .~ iii. &. !ll-l! !!i;cO!

or", lJi2 + l\!l:i:~) "" }{tiiji +iJI2&)"j ,. ~Jl~(ii~ '1"'" '" ~..n .,. ~ f!~,fi)"·

-_ I~:il

We .1J",,'C .<11. ~hit(;r.eiks .... l!tJ:. ~= ~.<WII r' = h!ilI~=

T "'!~~2 . ...Jh.,.., i"fi.;.~· H 1. ~"'" ~J3'i- r, ... :l~-IJ,.;.t,j3_ It. ~~ ijibc.d, l2.1Ij~c("d ...

]-hr~ .2, -\13 2+.1li . . .

!'ill. lfTs~ i'9 tb~ t~~irnlo.1' in ~.;ilt ']' ~ ~v'iOO+'~'. 'lU~(~i+~+~J]iHI(~f ~ hfiiil!(~)il'+ "." -;! ',l"~ ~1 f%}"-~ 2. ~·*~A:-,- ij~ "lO.,;.if$_~~!l~+~7~~!rui !!i_~

- ,,+.~~ llR,tij\I . -.~ + . l"':fuifs~ -~ •. l!Ji)- v'~~ l~ ~ JM.-::i + 1$- l-tii +V"--

' •. ~~ ,t.I!!~ I1Ml!1t UJ;Jl, !~d! fM UII! Il~. eo !!!~ 1:KJU!KI!!g~

.~ - - '

~ ToW :l?!l'l'iiI!lllmr."" 1: n(~r-~= A"" 2>!l

~:I!::l~ l-t,

a.r.W!d .!!I.l!I. ~!ll'll~" ~!iI~B '\~ib.6ae :;'UJ!Ii i!!l 'Se':!d. ruih Ul:I>t ~h ll!ml. e f;u].~ tim>!.!) ~"~, sum 'm~ ~~ ~h", tEr~U'm iC.1JO'>i ~_.

"- ...

~ t.!t r: 'Il!~. bt!. ~~., oSe:t!;;,~. "lJj,1!:J!l !:!iII'.

''..I".it-[ =~(!l'","+~+" .. ) SllbW>l!t:~im.e:, "'~ "IJiI""ln

~" = ti""l. =. ~·-u"..i

'!!!~+I-~1!,..

T.i:L~ the ~!.t.s .il1 ~ ~wm1!t"['u st:l~ \ridl ]<LtiD t"lle~ th~· ~'Il:m .~f: all ioenEl~ alit!: t-ho! .fu3t is & 8r th.!! firi!,_

·t.!~+~1""6

i!!IId Vi! ~l "" ¥, 'nl£lG:f9:~~ '11l~ ~ri~~' ill ~'24"}-)-"-~ - 2~ E J

~~ TI$ . .~. '" ... ]:;j';

[" :E:_'ffi;~. 5'" ..m ~, '"'!!l .. ~~I!LW!~ f ~ ~d ~j!i!if'!: Wilb ln .\Ii' +- Mfr2:1~'i' +- t(il'

"''''I. . r

ST. (;1.) f.4 = a...ih$90,.1lD. 25 .... 0,5m~T·_l_=UH'i~~ (b.)·~ l = 4.4~!r.!:Ir ln 00 ... O"~m~2 "'-I~~iiJ =~AI~

, i~~.U ro r.fJ;!!!!~ [L i!..l··

(~) r;.~ "':4.~iDl~6. 15+UTl:22.+di::o:4.OOIU1

IfIi.c:;!1 . -

~ 1 1

sa, fa) til:= Cl.IIIHW.~! lJi:2m -t D~'llll.~ 4- ~c ea !'l.J~'If§11

'~I .

(li)E ~ = G"~8~, I .. ~o + (1.5 •• 2'16 4 rioo· =- MQ~2-I

.~ ...

:"

(,,) 1: ~'" 'i'.1'9"~, In 'r.;O+'l:k.",ji'2D,1i +nloo = J'.[91!Pr.$

IfL a !I. -

(d) E k - 'j' .4&1047), fu 11)00· _ O.$17l:I.G + ...,11J~ == j;.465otH .

..-=1. ,..,

~~. Ill. 11, -+ Q.5i7~ -= 10 "tJ("lI 'n "" ;'.-'1228 '" '12$61. I" f[;;l,l;~ l\lk"" !.= ~&9Ii!96 <JlI.d .!x:~ ~. '" l(1,O!DOO,jJ

.~ tiJiiLI

&1. fi'tlMl i~~~~ 1.3:7. t-oo _

!O L¢t in ~ j" .. 1;;,;; '1J;i; Till!; 1)of.l'1:ii1iJ !!~mA' ~r lite Rri~~ E <li" mill E ,!)~, !'tlIpc,.t .... .,ar. Tb.'C1iI

fl.JIII!. !Il=,t

$,.. '" at + ('3+._ .. ."."", i!J!i~ "'n '" bl,+l~';' ..... .j.~"

Hi" '!);,jinlltifln 3.3'-2- ~ am gi.·_ t.h<!'l.

hm ... -5 i!JId lim 'R;;;; fl

g,.,rrz,o - n:---,+¢ +eG

U ~., i~ l!!e nlill !'Militl.~ Will (>f~b.' _'!:II E {iI" :: ~.) !ill II

rc=J!

t" = [l~1 ±.b1J .... (~.±~)+." + ((I~ =&,.,)""'" ~,,~ +,,~+ , .. +ta.,-.l :t:(llm. ,~oIjo. ".+,~}..., .~ .... _ " ...

mullS

IEm ~'" ,",' 11m (_n :t:i',J '" lin;! ,If .. : lim ,. n .. S10B

lfi-I.~' '!'ill : I~' 'F1!-+1iiI= 'il.-+OO-

II'!!' O,;ftn.iUf!!II 8.:1.2. WI! eonelude Ib",,~

.. ....,

,[I) ~.(t:I ,+ 11-,,') ~ S-!-.R a'lll:ll (li) 1: li!l~. -b.J = S-JI:

1n.=::I. 1f1r.C.!

If o:"<lry Urm ill a s;1-1'tI!l!l ~ pDGil.~~. "'r.: rnll}' ~'",,~r.lmE>l dttuml:ne"!".hIltlM<r Of [(lI;)L i.b@ ,gems l:5, '~a!a'7l:~Iil~ 1:!r.,:" mm;p;.t.i.,,1'l ~j,. 'liiWl s· ~~ G' .IXl'5:11l,,~ r.;,,'rn<!l ti:Jat ~ .~.n;)'Io'! ~ ~ ClQ!i\r"~l ,Q~ t~a~ II';!, b_ 1.0 be di" • .f:lleJllt ..

\''1'.., !Ji).""'" HI!; f>i>II;"''\<i~6 ~hroT:Cm5 O'D r·t'i]'.~~[ ~.;""'.

+00

~;!IM 'l'lit'<.l-nm If Ell,,; ~ 6l\"~ ~.o:ij."(!'~~g<;l!~ ~riii;l Qf 1~~iIYfi 1,;:,,,"!, il~ ~lITm~ (;~ ~ ,fiI·<;l'I'P ..... iib f}IIJJ 'R::::Ii

I"ll~i!t" o. r'U:fl'.!lI:l,gt(i. a;clln th.., J>C~)"lI~i,tt: ,;,;.id 11m tOOV,crg.::. ~d 100 the ~ ;!ltrill.

lilA" ~]'dil, rJlD:te~i!ilJ Tesi) k~ f '~ ;c r',,";<;Ji'i"'1 Ui.at is 6B!lt[D'lJ0ll~" dC;;~i;llJ~, il..M IN!Im.i1ll!: V<IU'l!ro fu!o. illl z'?, 1. 'I/he[[ d." Ir."Ifutl1:<!, _~B6

f: f( .. ) .. f(:l) -t {(2) + 1(·3)+,,-, . [f ... )+ ...

I'III::.::L

~ c;JU"..,S"_fIl 'III' UI~ iO!iiPrQp.r i'I:lI.;~rlll

J+'i>

Ii( )d~

1 J~

e«i5ls,~d it is ,di"C"i~~ if 1jm J(J:)~ll; = -k>:;l

&-+<0;; I

w~ rn,.;a.y "j,," U"l ilL.:; In-<q;HiI lieStCI); ;m i",ii.jr..; !l<Ifi11S that dot:!' 11(>1, ""(In with Ii = L

Tb'll3', iI f is ;;ominll.o~, d""' ..... 1.'lil1~ and p"9~i\'C ",irllKli IQ~ ;;,J, :r? a., WhI!'I'~ .a is ~ ~j'

1 J+~

ill~~~I', 1~~tI ~ft.::) ('('fl~C:l'1I:llIi If ;![&t;I Qtill if . l(~),f~ iB ~ooo;u~t.

I~ ~~ l-Ji<l, (1;>t.Jm'!~"'~ ",jJiet,li~ ~~"I" ri~."· cc;~~~JlC'Il' oM a"~!J':'''1 toy f.!.plyin~ Ili'!!b-l'r & C<!tnp;u,,,,,,c In.. ~1' tl1t lim'Lt COm]1l!licl!lQ11 ,!,,",_

l. :E: t.3>~ b ~"e1~en~ !:Iy w!!!>p.a![!tll!l w!tl!!. ill, ~;Mlntl.ri~ "'''''''' ~ s 21 ...

2 •. E ~ is dJv~~ by 6. !!!:!:llt ,ct!m:pM~1! wiLb ... ~",,,,,";e~ ""lb p _ I. _ivln+.l

lim ~/-!_"'" tim~ "" lim J--L = Jl:;. I.) 'm;,,·-!-<O>v:m+l..JfJ: ",_+.",VlE'+i' .. _.;;(» H·l/'1l \11''1

,._

,011..3{i), E ... , ~ Jj"olig'C..,t. That i .. , 11;" «i~'~l1 ~I'ifo!'·j;; di~'C"l1

n=,1

.~. E' 3ri ~

!i1~1 -iOlY.:it;i,

t> !$~II!:I<'. -1 S ~",tl>e.tl

3" - 'I, !f3" - olQil r;;:

•• <: __L.._.:' 2

jd_,~ .. ~;f"'=1 "~

\,V~ ]~,

+0;;

}' . . I. lim' Ii' f(f) =- . .1 m tbm I is N~t~D.IlOms, J(~) )0 (I., _od j iii !I~~lt~ for' "' ~ I .

.r:i ("".~ (;I!+~l

1+!"l .I~ = lim 1'~ .1:1: '. _ Dim -l"!')1= ,,11m [ 1 +~-A]~'M

l (r 'l.)~h ,~- ok>;> ,.1 t.:!' or 3rl~ ~-+. (~ + 2i~ JI~-1'I~. (h i> ~i/i 3 iI

1'h"ref~e the ginn &j1'iB!i is {~l!I.n.r1l!CJll Coy ilK ill~~?J ~~_

2011.. r...",!!~l1!ii"",,"-~

10, l:.!:'

!(J:}"'...."b.

il'~- 2;

We .!IbM.. dl:w., t~.f; ~~is ~ ~h~ ;m~~~J t,es!, Ii< =~!16~ .•. rim~. "I¢ note tb~ 'I !s c,l!ldiHUll1l<!l mill J'!:!<!!.~iw. ~Illd lofitU '" ;t ~- W,'" e.lKwr r;bll!~ I i~ i111so·1hl~llIg ·6gr .0: '::: '1 •.

t'l \ - ](,? -2) - ,i::t~~L_, ,.,l +:;1

'XI - (r _ 2'):1 - (~i __ r1

&1;lI1'l~ j'(",) <: ,(I Ii '" 2!: 2, thm I b da;~g !lI!l; l~, ~), 'l:n.1L!! '1iI.e !:i~?C~'-~ ... r "f~""1i1'..:rtil ~..!I.:r. OJ; ~~ocd,

J."" J.... Ii]:'

_' /(*:1'= 'j,"'-'s=lil'lil ~h == 11m ~'lnl;z:~-ll =~ 11m [!llr~-.,)-.n21=-+=

2 2 .:1' '-2 _"'~"~;lI' -2 ~-+-"!I • ~-+olOl

Tn~c, ,t'lil: 5i"~!;! ,,-_~~ i!! ,,9~1gm ••

'29._ E ... :. If I(~) "" ~ !.b~r; I ill ~lt'ti~,U<r~" f{~}::> IB, Mcl f ~ &~.Jm'iki! fQ~ Of ?: 3.

~.~ ~ -,~

I+~*··~ fun J'''~", lin' 11i1~1~'~ lim (1~1~I-lIl11)'- ,Um (!:.Il~~. :ll_bi~'

~ ~ •. -,'II {o--+"'" ;J,;C -4 ",""".<If! z+" h ~-~ '1r+! ~. D--t-o<l. " I +:2b 51

.. b!i ~. ~11tc.rd:trc l'I'l~ :Jj""=!l ~i", i. ~a'f'tlgcJl't b,y, oM r~ibi;l!Il".1 ~6

+"" 21l- .. 3 . :l"'-j.J... - ". , " . .'.

30. 1:.. ~' ,~' If ftil)- (2' ').~ liil.ell t I!H!ClllUI!I.OO1&!i, I(~):> O. "!l4 f'~ ~g (01 Z 2: t,

=.I{n +- 311) , II: +31:'

I-(~T3)d,," - I"'d(;:r1+;l~J. l 1iI.~ h _j~] !.-

. 1 (J:1li oio S",}=.~:::'... 1 {~"ii Hir)'l == ~~::.., - .!Ii +hJl = ~~!.{i-~ == il- Se.t'o)!l ~~m~.

+""

31. E ~-:s:,'.lr f(,j!'} = ~--'~" lbrn I is ~iPnilJ.w~, f(o;};:. (Ii _ f 'I:!! dll!:l~,aaiQg f()l = ~ 1 • .,,,,1l

J"""',ft-S"lif::C=,~iID fr,I!--k,f~= lim [_~.;-:l«= l5m (_~,~-~~+~~'-4)",I~-'"

" ~ 'F-'I'!!oI' 3. "'-+<... I> i--I,,,,,,· ill '(! J>

'l'l!ooJ:clO:Jic tb~ tP>re:JJ. RIi~ il; ~li'<!rlJf!~t, by tliil' illtvai ~esi.

:J~ f; -}"'--

n;=l n+]

t>W

f(.:c) = 22'

,,4,.;. I

T!J!:OD

n.l:) =2-(if+ 1)-~4<r'\i=2 _,~~i

,~'1 _ If (~"+l}2

Ik~ 1'( .. ) .;; Q if 'I"~ ] h til.m J is dli@~mg 0Jl [] .+~). 1"11 td,~rn~ ! ~ ~OD!im;oli.!i aliU p"~ii.,..;' 'IIa.lmdi [<It ~! ;r ~'ll. Thm ihl!' b:t~~ lilt tI!~ ;ll..t~r."!:l t@!!I. ~dJl is satisfied.

f f-o;> !(a')d~ = r+oo ,~..4!;;~ lim 16 ~::::; l:im ~-... ",'f1]~ = iilll iGsn-I>&2 ~ t,m;-lll

J ~ J'l II'''' 1 ~'ko>! I ~ -[;:1" &-4-«> ! ~ .... + ...

=}r-t"."ft'

T,"",,,e,,,~ ~b., If.l¥1!ii ..,ri ..... iB cmI"~lllC~.

llll~es' 33--4~, Its.e lIIl:I;Y m~<ihM .!~ d~rujn~I!.>bci1b.e:rth series is ooln'~.oml 'Il([ di~·e:rtom1.

F¢o>h,,,.·. In:.: ..•. .•... .. __ I-In_;!: .

. ii~ .L ,.' nf t(~) "" '"'F",iJ!.,;g_ I>; __ ltJ1J",g~l~ .~JJ.<:I H") » o!r '" :;>. ]. F'I,'IJ1 .. r","''''' f( .. j = ---=:r- -< I) ]F'~ ::. r

~-=1 -. .~

Imdi so I ts rl~=:aslDgfu:r all ;l' ~ c, L- hi ;e. I; = ~~. r ~ h .. ~~ f. = ~E'~~ .. G I} n, ~ -t) _f-OO 'Tbn~~~. tJlw_iV"~ "ir.i~ T~ 'Ii""~fie~t i.¥ L'6 .. i,,uWI!.i r.,,~~, . .lilt"'tl.flili'l'd,.

E' ¥ di\OlOli,g..", ~!!!il;il~I·I"!:_~!E. ",j~'! ~ I,,,, !liC'R].<!'Ii.~ g~~'.i,<;Ir. ¥." ~

1Im.'t

IT.+o<r . .....e\L = !im .l!!(lu)'''', !l.m. [lll(l:o Q)-I:n:{m 'm c: +00. 'rf.llil!l, ~hl,; ~l\'>e" 5enes oitiv<lr~.

J~ ,~Im.~ 1ro-+~ h ..... +""

+000. -I - -~.

ss, r: ~":rl.. 11' f(.;_:) ."" !!!: .l', tMll. j h oo:rnli'JU](Ji!L8 and I{~') > n 1m .z 2:1. i~rl.n~mJ~re,

_I. ,~ -l- ~ .:1: '1:' I

,~" -.~

PC',!!;}'" ~~y ~ 0 ,r ".~ l,~~ f!i!I I ~ ~ .• e.I~~[!!; fM ~ ~: I.

('1; -+ l)-

r"""~-l;c;._~.l~~.= ,jjm [~t&.ll-1,~)2P ~ lim. lJ;{~~ .. -lE:>ll~ -"~'~l = :fr...:.!:- ~7 ",,~i

. l ;s; .,.! !J.;.....i:""'.~ . .!t il-+",,"l' ".., <>

'[~~f~. Ib~ :e:l~tl ¥.~!~ is mno;-t~~!li; b,:i'tl!l~ im:t.fJgJ:'<II i;(':St, Alt't!=ti"r:;]y, ~,- -I - __ .. ] ~

E t"'i- :~ ~,,~ • .-~ Illy 00"!'!1!,&,~ ~.iilh !, ~1m. !~ "" ~I: ~ <. '!i-

_I," +J Fl +1 IIj

:3~" ~"i'l_~'2

I> \:~U5!? the int.tgr.al t£-!.1'ilith Jt~)=il~~.J, .h i~' d~a:(' ~<!!~ f is (.WtillJ..~tOCl~ "'l~d jl<!ritJi~ failmw. 'Y(l J,ClW ~ I' is,g~ .~ot iI' > ] .'oYo(o Wi'll ~b>;: O:!l:il'>\iJ;L~\~ cf.1. 'rb.~

':! -

III(::t~ = ~"''''-(~-2~)

~~~ /'(11:) ,< II) !( ... O!:l, tbC'i! I ,. ,do.:-",,"";"'~ om [1, l'~), TJ';.,,;,I1r., tTl'tHl~b,·"j. ~>i" tJi>l illw.~Al ~ ... 1i~i!!fi.!d. FilltlJ'''',m'''''

J '_"" J' !o 2 J :il'.I1 [ .. ~ 1

. J{~)tJ.:;. "" . Hm ;.~-~ d\:r_ 1irf!!. - ~~~~ I.; !lr.n - ;e~""+ I,,-·i "'= ~'"

l ~~. l ~~- II ~_+.., ' .. _'"

'fhWi, tho!. gi\lffi rnms .~ OOIIVtlg_iN1.t.

Llt;;g ""'"!'f!I!I I

E "'~~~'~ is ~o·;L"'l\iFC~ by a< lirni~ "~iPM$,Q.[I ",;(11 I~ ar:t"""r.-k. ~~ t [" z~

:it'bl ~I

nrn. ~~r" - 11m L - { lim 2i.-l~ = ( lim ~~~ = I) 'n~ ",- .. p. - ~ ~",r:;: _.\" .... *"" ... ,:v - .... .., ;- ... P

Bo:;eI\\lOoIi<F.J'il i!'l~.~ +~ w'" .Iiolilll •• ~i [,'lm~!.8iJ.'~ rl;iJ.".

~I-TOO

.~~ = .. ~-I +!! .. ,-(I + :l~-!j. ,oj- .•.•. +- ,,~-~ .

c-jt~ ~ i!~ + 2.oi.-3.~., '"'F (n - ~ i!l'i~'" + !tC-m~l. Siltl'l4'Mli I~ll.

li!ll'-1i-lJ~',;j'~ ~-] ~ ~.--l'+'Ii·-;3+ ~.' ~i!::-Iii _ fil:iii-fil-·j

J l ~1') _ . -11 ._ ,,-~ --r'l .. ~ _ ,~-1(], - .:-a) ~,~ .. _l ,,-I,

\ -,~ is,,, -.~ f';;_~~~~-n. , ~~ - ~!. ~.~ Ifl7~ ~-~ !-: ... 8~ '" (1 _~t)" - (~-ll~

ft'l,l,ll ~'" :KL'~ wn'oti~"" to {;/( .. - ]l~' ,],h", "'ii';"" .. rr E·'<'c",i ese . ili' .. u.m" i.o· .. 01/ -+ I }/{il'~ ]. }'J.

~- ,- .

t_ ~ l!o imI""'~~' !J}' <;<J.;IJlIf!Ml-i \oficl!! ,It p.~.i"," (,P' = ~), ~ <: ~ ""~ .~~ flo ~ [fj.

nZ:I~J iI"( fl"'t"'IT'"

• %1.

-'II

4!

EW~-l!1 ~I

.. ~"C!3i~-~rl =, ta.'l-1 t" "..~ m~ ,iIo, ,1im1~ ~Qrupa.I~E'll'n 1l:S~ will, .. ,_ ., __ -1.1. ~~" " ,._l

-~'-~ n '--I.!i.L "'ji'j-;:;

w'" Ii'j~, t~e ii!II!J.o-';~Mnion ~ = ! .. j~ rU~ ~~+ ~'" 1!-~~ I>(I~ ~!!"!1 ~P!']y Vl~~pl~""'hl", ~ra.'i"!I.

,. <.(.. _ 't./a-l ~. .,I:./in -1l!(Io/(j. . J

!ruJ;1 '(i":" "" ~i(ltl --1'- = 11'I1~_ ---.-,=. 11m ~ .. '" I

:q:.-+~ I'! :n.-, .. t-t:oiF..:..;.. ~I!!""'~ ~~,+-.~ +~

4.-~ ;ril. . n, +00'

,1:kJ;'I~R '}': 'LI: .. i~ (W:di"~J:.li!:'il~ 11~[J]~11t': ~1,'1~., l'Iy 'l'b.o~~m $.,.oL::l(:i) ''oR Goacluik ~~ r.:'tL" b ~~, &i""IJ!~~~~.

~~ ~~I

~ .,._' _ ~~., .~. tb, "-, .. , .... '~~ .E'i!tilt_'-_-~ 11 iI

L. ,e8!:D .. I:!. - L.' . . _ , Ill< {1~r:J~ot.l&,1li . Y ~m~~ .~ - - G~- .. - .. ~! ?'-:~ .. :fi"

~iilflJ ,tiI .. ~ I - (! '.. rC IJ

4-_-:':..';:'~'-l'n .. _ I _ ~1~-ll,r,I ~r;/'l

~ 'E-:-:o:-"I~ <l!!!i!I!\'I¢l!g<!:!'!~ tly ~elll:p1!.Fi~~[[ '.'Ti.Jt ~l 1i"""~'!"" (JI ~ ~), -::l; '('-:-.r

.... ~ Il, , .I. " + l ,j

~ 'l f'" . ...o.. .If,, ",

r; .~ ,IS ol~:~v:agU!~ by CO!:l!l(Pillf.lSOD '...,-nll. ;.!. p-.l!l:!'ll'f {r u ~p ~ '< ~ .. ~. n n r

J0+- ~';;;' ~~m __ !-:;]"11' _Ii", r, ~----,---L,J=~TI:ni'll.~b.::';!:i'\'rn Slll'~c.;~"'~i'~~'

~ zllfl.zr 11-.-10'" iilfm iB).1Il o-t<i2lln ,~) '~(lil ,&)- ?{!Il :1)-

t!t-' (~, +]1' , . . . ,. " " ~"".L rl'l ~ l)~ _ {" + I }~_ f1+1 ] . t

~7" li, (r~ +- 'lJ~ !9c{Jtl:~rIDl!~t, by <:EflEIJ,J1(19)El. ,ntb ~~1 li= (tl ~ ~:;r - tiQfj + lJtii~:':~ - fl + .o~ . ;;r <:.;r

<Is. I("+~~11J 'I'd),

~ ,i:.d """ be itM'!]J~h jlIiIctiilll Sl!i[1,· ']},"""

"iru "" n+ ~+n",n,~·,,·+ ('l- d[" "" 1! +I'~"~ ~ [tJ+ t)f"+~51" '{i"+~(:r.I-V4)

... ((t-V~(k-~ +Q--i)+--{", ~ l -7 ~ !I)+(A-~~~~)~G) ~! -11 ~ ~)+t~! ~ -,II ~,~)]

::::; JrLj7L_l_. __ 1_' 1.

:It:j, .'j 1:141 1'1J+~

~ ,,,!~.8,,, = ~ + £) '" ~. 'fllu:;, tbb gi,,~.ll series ~j~>1;~~ ~" Ii-

_ R., , -

~Q, .... ~ '2:' !iii '" ooF.Jv~i~. nim ~ -!ll, iL'OOQ Hm, ~ =- tiiIll, ,~"'.- 0- BO£~ )'"~Cl .. i"

.F{l .' 'r:I.....o;+m:.!I !II! Ifl_'~·T~rt. ~~. t.!~

~'llI~.B""I:t it 1f,:,ln",m, f= tJ!oE !im.i.ternnpilXis0l!l t.ei ~~ Z~m~~. ~~, olj(rl~.J!l,l¥m_

1i'!1!IJi1.

~1:l'l'S'~

S~JI;;,;I~I i;itirnj;; fi;<;>;;'! (2) i.,,'~q {l h "'OJ. E,;., .. "

I.+<» f{.,yt" ~ f'l'OO ;;urn: p'n(lii""iJ;;;' I;![I :liiJ'tii~.;;;; .lim Till b-~Il.:lJ ~ +~

$ j;." ;!1 '!; u '" 1>-.4<>0 1:3 ,~- 4ao

~~, thf,·Il.i",_ Sil~ is dtvef,r;~nt i!.1I' :::!: ].

~~P}·t

l'JfI~Cl p -. I.> (Jo; ",00

Lt-oo f(~Jd~<= ~:j :;~~1~ P-~I~Jtnjfjt-l [ "f-~2~.J~-#!"1""hJ'- J\ap-r

,E'h~~, ~1i1.f' gi.,.;m series i~' oon~(:~~ ir p '" 1-

M. nr.p:;: t, I ~j,.~lh,,~~n~~ fif!t1a;paE'~%I:! with tJl~ ~~ ~~.:. ~)!.;;, lrr .If p :;. 1, l~~q ~~!ls&

!' :;. ,q )0 1- Tllell Ell1.~'" i,s c<.,,"Ii'<'!"'~!lt it;y a ![rt:!!!t ~ol'tlplll!is!)ll. '!'lit.!:! ~ *

tH:.! II! ~~ ~~

l!!II!I.~/J.~ - lim ~'''' lim l/tl -!~'l'!.~,.. 0

,,=<-oo n·· WI n-H''''''1l, ',,--.+i» til- .. q)n~~ i iL~ C~-,}r.i~-

j)~1.!o.e. li!!i! ill jj :;; .~ &."1<:1 . ~im. ri;>-~ = +~. W1I; ~~.:L;et:lL 'Ii!.,t)iw.'a J~]e..

111!" ....... ~ 1n;1~~

Slb .~ S!!di<m 8:...:l.

~~\. ~ ~. "" ·If .. ~ ",+1!& >.~ f:-+l! ok = ~r [1o(m. + l} -lie ml·=: Ie tOl - to SB "'" O.flll3,,:!,

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J,_: ( . ':"[. j- [ii\ll' J·.b dll~~ :·I~!l_· llm 1I!;(I.o(:l:+ I))"" = tL~I. [itl(hl(~ + ll-I~(hil 2,,]- ¥.,.,

1 ~ -I7~. I!l. _J/! +- 1 I"_'~"'. t ~ - ..... ~_~ J.. ~_'T<»

·1~,\!.!I, by t~'f' jnt"lll'~ t~!.'I;; ~"M A"ri"" i~ di""Ji"t!:t"~' .",.!uI'.!l ,,;;: -]. Wr;: (l!)~d\l!!!~ Uil!~ !LI!: i I~!'<;ir~",l!i'

M~~IZ ii;; l-U,I]. - .

b ~ljci#.ct ::!f-~I): (*-) n",di ~b~ .f'II(!1i!" <)f ffili""'rp~ .. of !!H! :Sl\'ot'lt ~~ ~dl!!i ~.<! i,b~ (jorn.~l~ ,or j'; {bl .,r.i.~ 'UDf ~~ Iiit.~i~ tl;.",t ~~~~ ~h .. f"li~~i;lO!l!, .md i-\i!i~' i!:.'!ll n..;Ii~(;! of 'l"~~<,r~,wr, (..) fi~;;llg~ Qom>!l~ M cpo

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ii=1 .... n _:n-~.. lIn. r;-+~ ~,T-J, .,... ~ ~;O;'

Tho::; J"J1R(!.f ;scrI~ is ab5!1lu~~~~i' 'WlIv.a:g~~ if 1 "'I -c 1. Ue::~ R = 1 . .......

if .. <Ii;.I: E: r-.Ili~~ OOIJ''l'~ l:o;;; tD£ atocr'Mtjllg ~ ~"".$"i;. T~i'Of[i~, Ih~ .]QrnI"j1l1 o'Ii I ts I-l.ll

n.=], -.-

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o!l'::;;; "'!, '"E(-Y:.l;." ~:1"'~Il""~ J"l-<Ie-rl:<:'il \'!1L~!l p;= .:iI,. '!'h<:ffilQ"dl tl!0!' dl!'rT:IiU~ eJ i i8 [-1..1.1.

r,l=d ru-

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'fli-t I'iI ~ r ... .g..~ I'I--!!Too! j'j,

['VUSCELLANOOlt'5, iEXER'(~ f'O~ eIL\'_~ S6s:l.

54, ~ ""./lil5 +iI = ~j +-kY'3 ",,41'" M~+~ -t,\(--t~5t+--·]

~ J I ++-~,_, 'J = aeess :witlii I "!1i>i!' I <;,~ es '!H!iK!90'll,

~l Pl5' a-ss :::1·2,1

~ .r-W. Il~,'~;;:-= J -,"+~-~ "'+(-'ltl;:~!+···fm~1 it, ~h!l'l!l

~,~ i ~ ~ -K~l -+ #t.1i)' -, .. ~ J - riw ~ M9.0ti WiHL I {noli ,~.Jh,'lfol = 1(I,i!i(l~IlIIl:i. ~.i$i'l!iM

II> From 1:'t.~(:i;'j 8~~.~) 'y;,c:' b.a~

. t-"""it ~ .. H,

&lJIl ~ '" £m<-ll i:!!l'"HJ!

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• C!l.i.l)~ . - •

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,~iih I~tfll'i < «(j~Y' ,:::: lHiOO(l2. TIle ..aJ~Waro;"~\i1!! is [].2~.

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H:2:,t~~

.... il.,l; ~r « TIIcrI -= o..OOIlOiii

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ss ( .. I'm~'pl.@El8' II-.\];-~t'fi-q:;edl ... _l___ b~ . '!':l'~' +-',"!l'~~"'i"-'n415

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In, ~ (n,HT~ Il

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&rid 100 e :i!j 2.718:16

61. !/.,fj = ~J~77;!lM~ '.", 0.517'1 (f!.) 3~1f2"" (4-ll,-i~.I~ =~(! - ~l-'t~

~ Ki +~++t+ t! ~4f+@'~+ ,'!~4j,"" ~+~+ 4~ ~4~ ~+~+l5! ~4,1); Q1;n.l~ ~ O'.~Til (II) ~ _ ~,fi =- ~( - 3)1/"2 == ~] - WlZ

~?I[_1 .. 1~,4.1.~I_, _~.1.3.-L_!.!,4.~ . ....L.,'

3\.:. 4 ~. 'l ,2h'l~ ." ~ 2 ~,l[.4J 2:.l ~ ,,: ,!" ~j

(l)

(li,_ .... ro:n.V~().lIU.u AI'P:!tO):'~"',\'fiO:NS, SEQUENCE-S. AND 'll~Il'U1'.E! -ElI.U::S

01 ".J4 15 :t'

62. (Ii) 1ToJ ],$ "" O!ltll2:3s,.", ~-~ (<lllmll,3=,$~,t-t-t-T+?-~i""'ID.'M?l4

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l,; E;IlO'l'q_" .. ,tlHG, mod. i.be M.a.:h:.ntru f<!ri"" ~_" r.l1~ fruJG~.oo liI!d, ;t$, m~f .. ,ad ,@,~ ~~ .... rg."o;i!' 1- SU,pport I!P"iQ'~~, !);l. ../1 +-;1;= ~l +,;z;)i/:ii ~ [-t'~+ ~(_'!r+lt.li.~'.~.,:;!l- :l),i;i" -1;S;; ~~ J

~~

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~ ... "". 1 la, "'J"

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1 ~ (r, - 2}1 (~-'.l}~ ('Ii - 2t (.;: = ~f

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(is. J(4 = ltd~t /'(::) ""t, .. iI""(r) = ~:\; I"'€J!) '" ~ j(4,)(.r' '"" -~i .I{~)(Z') = ~

,;' !I! a- ,J;

1(-1) ..;;; 1~ i ;::;~; J't=]) "" -1~ rf-I),;::; -1, r{-I~ ~ =:l; !(tJ{_l~- -3~: f~~)c-n = -4!

llutP=o-(, I-I) -~T. 'f-i(=+l}~-!~>;+l'l_-®<~+]}~-"".= _1:f~~W

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a,-~~ _ 10 1:I~;.~\i 'T ' j(1.

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('1"'. ) ... ·-1 l!P!{ffl-!.)~ ffi{,,,,-I,l(lf:I-2).,.l-,-_ .. n!{m-I,j(Jt1-,2}· ... ·{"'l-n l)~'n.i,. __ • 'l}

... ~ - +m;;+ !! . 'I- ~! -. .or! -r- \

mr '" i"th~ illli.f!lSBr n, th-m e\'~~' leml Ilikr Ii~.f l;Ji;t ibowm tonc<: ~t1~ fioc4w m - rl, =. [I). ;II{I,;l, v<l.Jli<;kC!>~"'urthcnnOI~., Ul'C .i;<ih ~o,:fiiQeon't beeemes

lII(n-Q(n-'2l.:_iiit- '+ 1) {n-)! _ iii!

~! . ~S'· - ·iI:~41l -!If!

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(l +1:)" = I + ~r"'" I tT(II"~ ~)Fk-.- --.+"'~ (2)

:nIllEl~~', .... ,~ npw,t' CJ; II,\" r./a 'tlld muhip~ 0,.. both !;ld~gf (Ii!) ~'a"'1X) gc;~ tbe l:>imJiliJiiL1 t.l~rem.

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