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wabmifvv kd kd edrw d vf v kd pkd um;rsm;a=umifh
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(u)
tES p f w &mwG i f *%ef ; wl & uf r sm;onf
w}udrfomqHkavh &Sdwwf=uonf? ig;av;
vH;k ajcmufav;vH;k ckepfav;vH;k &Spaf v;vH;k
udk;av;vHk; ponfwdk@onf xl;jcm;aom
oabmudak qmifae+yD; t"dyg` ,jf y!f0h aom
tvkyfwckudkvkyf&ef trsm;jynfol. tm¶Hk
pl;pkdufr_udk &&Sd&ef pGrf;tm;&Sdaom oabm
udkvnf; aqmifaeonf?
wjcm;wdkif;jynf wjcm;EdkifiHrsm;wGif
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rnfo@kd aom jzpf&yfx;l rsm; ay:aygucf o hJ nf
udk usaemfwdk@rodyg? jrefrmEdkifiHrSmawmh
ordkif;opftwGuf &Spf*%ef; av;vHk;xyf
o!f h &S p f & uf &S p f v &S p f q ,f h & S p f o nf
tm%m&Siu f kd jynfo@l prG ;f tm;jzifh awmfveS f
cJah oma=umifh &mZ0ifwiG &f pfo!fh ordik ;f 0if
ae@&ufw&uftjzpf urŠnf;wifcJhonf?
&Spaf v;vH;k ay:ayguzf @kd tzdEydS cf jH ynfol
rsm;bufrS rqv wacwfvHk; ajratmuf
enf; ajray:enf;rsm;jzifh awmfvSefcJh=ujcif;
rsm;onf t"duajccH ta=umif;w&m;rsm;
jzpfonfudk rnfolr# rjiif;Edkifay? &Spfav;
vH k ; u wjcm;aom ta&;tcif ; rsm;
ta&;awmfyrkH sm;xuf ydI k }uD;us,o f nfu
wwdik ;f jynfv;kH twdik ;f twmxd yg0ifEikd jf cif;
ESihf tm%m&Siw f @kd rsupf wd rSw
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jzpfayonf?
(c)
usaemfwdk@wuUodkvfa&mufcgp 1987 ckESpf
pmoifEpS rf sm;onf “jru|e;f !d! k kd uGe;f cd&k m
wuUov kd rf mS qdk pmay *DweJ@om tEkynm
tpprSmvJpHk” [laom oDcsif;tydkif;tp
uav;vdkbJ aysmf&$if=unfEl;bG,frsm;udk
ayG@ydkufxm;o!fh trdwuUodkvf jru|ef;
omtjzpfom awG@jrifcJh=u&onf?
EkysKdaom ESvHk;om;udk,fpDjzifh b0.
tem*wftwGuf vSyaomtdyfrufrsm;udk
ayG@zufum ajcvSr;f wdik ;f rSm t"dyg` ,rf sm;pGm
udk aqmifusOf;aeonf[k ,Hk=unfcJhbl;
onf? odk@aomf xdktdyfrufrsm; pdwful;rsm;
um; yxrESpf pmoifwef;+yD;qHk;onfESifh
usaemfw@kd acwf+ydKifausmif;om;trsm;pkukd
vrf;a=umif;ajymif;ay;r!fh ordkif;. t
vS!fhtajymif; acwfa&pD;a=umif; tdrf
ajr‡mifvufwHonf tjcm;aom pmom;
rsm;udk ajymif;I &GwfqdkapcJhav.?
1986 - 87 pmoifESpftwGuf wEdkifiH
vH;k &Sd wuUov kd af usmif;rsm;wGif twef;wif
pmar;yGJrsm;udk ajzqdkaepOftwGif; rqv
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a=umif; xkwfjyefa=unmvdkufavonf?
,if;vkyf&yfonf wuUodkvfausmif;om;
rsm;. a'goudk jyif;xefpGm aygufuGJap
vdkufaom ta=umif;wckjzpfavonf?
xdkae@um; 1987 ckESpf pufwifbmv
5 &ufae@jzpf.? ppftpdk;&u jynfolw&yf
vHk;udk ae@csif;ncsif; ukef;aumufp&m r&Sd
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,if;odk@vkyfcsvdkufjcif;onf wdkif;oljynf
om;wdk@. tojymxkyfudk ajymif"g;jywdkuf
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(*)
usaemfwdk@ wuUodkvfe,fajrudk a&mufcgp
umvrsm;u ausmif;pzGifh&ufrsm;onf
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aiG p uU L ta&;tcif ; jzpf + yD ; aemuf y d k i f ;
ausmif;jyefziG ahf omtcg yHrk eS cf sed rf [kwaf wmh
bJtcsdeftrsm;}uD; aemufusrS ausmif;
jyefzGifhouJhodk@ ausmif;odk@jyefvm=uaom
wuU o d k v f ausmif ; om;rsm;rS m vnf ;
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eif;jym;jynfol vlxk.tjzpfoepfawGudk
aemifawmf trawmf wuUodkvfausmif;
om;}uD;rsm; xm;&pfcJho!fh “ausmif;om;
ordik ;f r¶dik ;f &atmif ud, k ahf cwfrmS ud, k yhf cH;k
ay:udk usa&mufvmo!fh wm0efudk xrf;
&Gufzdk@” tdyfrufa[mif;awGudk c0gcsum
ydrk akd v;euf+yD; ydrk t kd "dyg` ,&f adS om tvkyu
vkyzf @kd trdwuUov kd }f uD;udk tiftm;topf
awGe@J jyefvmcJ=h uavonf?
ausmif;wHcg;jyefvnf zGifhvSpfI rsm;r
=umrD tm&ftdkifwD[k twdkaumuf ac:
qdak om &efuek pf ufrw _ uUov kd 0f if; twGi;f
Y tm%m&Sifwdk@. vufyg;ap tm%myg;
uGufom;wdk@. vufcsufjzifh udkzkef;armfESifh
ud k p d k ; Ed k i f w d k @ usqH k ; cJ h & aom ta&;tcif ;
jzpf y G g ;cJ h a vonf ? xd k a e@um; ,ck t cg
“jrefrmhv@l tcGit hf a&;ae@” tjzpfjyKvkyaf e
=uo!fh 1988 ckESpf rwfv 13 &ufae@
yifwnf;? ausmif;om;aoG; ajrc&jcif;udk
ta=umif ; jyK+yD ; taqmif u if w if ; rsm;
ausmif;ywf0ef;usifwv$m;rSm tpdk;& qef@
usif a &;pmrsm; vuf u rf ; pmapmif r sm;
yvlysHcJhavonf? xdk@aemufoHk;&uft=um
rwfv 16 &ufae@wGif wHwm;eDae@jzpfvm
r!fh qENjyyGJrsm;udk &efukef+rdK@&Sd wuUodkvf
ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;u ajymifajymif
wif;wif; jyKvkycf =hJ uavonf? xdu
&efukefwuUodkvfrS t"duOD;aqmifolrsm;
rSm jy!fhjy!fh/ Axl;armif/ pdkif;xifausmfESifh
,k,karmf wdk@jzpf=uonf?
wHwm;eDta&;tcif;onf &Spaf v;vH;k
ta&;awmfyu kH kd OD;wnfapr!fh vrf;a=umif;
udk awG@cJhonf[kt,l &Sd=uygonf? rwfv
ta&;tcif;u rdrdb0wckvHk;udk wdkif;jynf
ES i f h v l r sKd ; twG u f paw;ypf a wmh r nf [ k
qHk;jzwfcsufrsKd;udk wufºuGv_yf&Sm;aom
ausmif;om;rsm;. ESvHk;om;wGif oHr_dESuf
ouJhodk@ pGJ+rJcdkifrmapcJhawmhonf?
(C)
1988 ckESpf ZGefvqef;ydkif;u wuUodkvfajr
onf ,cifpmoifESpfrsm;u wuUodkvfe,f
ajrESifh rwlbJ aygufuGJawmhr!fhAHk;wvHk;.
at;pufrma=umjcif;toGifudk aqmifae
avonf ? ,ref E S p f u abmf a =umh [ k
xif cJ h & aomausmif ; om;onf ,ck t cg
ucsifykqdk; a,mykqdk;udk wdkwdk0wf+yD; qHyif
udk wdw k ! kd yS u f m tcsi;f csi;f awG@wikd ;f wdik yf if
rxm;=ubJ vufraxmifjyum “v_yf&Sm;
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f rf;rsm;
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rsm;. rdrdwdk@ESvHk;om;rS vmaomoauFw
rsm;udk tm;&yg;& jycJ=h uonf? wpHw k &mudk
zefwD;ypfcsifae=uaom ausmif;om;rsm;
onf t"dywdvrf;odk@ udk,fhtpDtpOfESifh
udk,f csDwufcJh=uonf? e,fajrtoD;oD;rS
ausmif ; om;rsm;wif r ubJ ppf a wG /
rE Wav;/ ykodrf/ awmif}uD; armfv+rdKifp
o!fh e,fwuUodkvfrsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,f
rsm;yg vma&mufylk;aygif;=uo!fh ZGefv
qef;&ufrsm;u t"dywdvrf;rS rqvudk
tmcHo!fh ausmif;om;qENjyyGJrsm;onf
&Spfav;vHk;twGuf teD;qHk;aom jzpfpOft
a=umif;w&m;w&yfjzpfygonf?
xdkae@&ufrsm;u ocsFmrS armifarmif
ausmfwdk@ OD;aqmifaom ausmif;om;acgif;
aqmifrsm;u OD;ae0if;.em;&Gufudk aumif;
aumif ; }uD ; wH a wG ; qG w f c J h = uavonf ?
ZGevf wGif jzpfygG ;cJah om ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;
r_onf wuUodkvfe,fajrudk ausmfvGefum
tjzLtpdrf;0wf tajccHynmausmif;om;
wdk@. pmoifcef;odk@yif csOf;eif;0ifa&muf
oG m ;cJ h a vonf ? ZG e f v 21 &uf a e@u
tajccH y nmausmif ; om;av;rsm;onf
aemifawmfausmif;om;}uD;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;
&ef &efukefwuUodkvf0if;twGif;odk@ vm
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awG@cJh&.?
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ausmif;om;}uD;rsm;udk tdrfjyefydk@aomenf;
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wpHkw&mudk ,Hk=unfvkyfudkifrd+yDqdkv#if
bmudkrS x!fhrwGufawmho!fh tajccH
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&efuek w f uUov kd 0f if;udk 0ifIr&o!ft h qH;k
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tpd;k &qef@usiaf &;w&m;rsm;udk &J&0J 0hH ahH [m
=uavawmh . ? ol w d k @ onf ck d i f r mjyif ;
xefaom qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;udk oH+ydKifcsrw S +f yD;
aemuf ppfacG;vHkxdef;rsm; tjy!fhae&m,l
xm;aom jrefrmhtoHa&S@rjS zwfav#mufum
[Hom0wDt0dkif;rSauG@I ajreDukef;bufodk@
ta=umuftvef@r&Sd csw D ufomG ;=uav.?
awmfveS af &;rsm;. a&S@q;kH ut+rJwrf;ae&m
,l c J h o !f h cG y f a 'gif ; tvH o nf tajccH
k mvu ausmif;olav;wa,muf. vufxJwGif
wvlvlvGifhum &efukef+rdK@v,fodk@ OD;wnf
aeaom tmZmenf u av;rsm;. ppf
a=umif;udk rdbjynforl sm;pGmonf &ifoyf¶_
arm tH=h ocs;D usL;um vufcyk =f obmay;+yD;
tm;ay;aepOf 'dkif;v$m;rsm;udk tumt
uG,f ,lum trf 16 armif;jyefaoewf
ud k i f a qmif x m;o!f h ppf u m;rsm;u
&ufpufpGm eif;ajc }udwfowfcJho!fh t¶kyf
qdk; tusnf;wefvSaom ZGef 21 ta&;
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ausmif;om;rdbrsm;. a'goatmufwGif
tm%myg;uGufom; vufyg;ap vHkxdef;
ajcmufa,mufvnf; tkwfcJusKd;pm wkwf
pmrdum jynfolvlxk. '%fcwfr_udk cHcJh&
avonf?
(i)
ZGefvaemufydkif;wGif ausmif;om;rsm;.
ES v H k ; aoG ; om yG u f y G u f q l c J h o nf r [k w f
awmhbJ jrefrmjynfolw&yfvHk;taejzifh
vnf; onf;cHEdkifr_'D*&Donf oknatmuf
odk@ a&muf&SdoGm;cJhav+yD? rD;yGg;udkapmifhpm;
aeo!f h avmif p myH k t vm;yif w nf ; ?
tvm;wl rqvtpdk;&. twGif;pnf;wGif
0J * ,uf r sm;u xd e f ; r&od r f ; r&atmif
abmifbif cwfaecJhawmhonf?
ausmif;om;rsm;enf;wl OD;atmif}uD;
. AdkvfcsKyfcifAsm; [ktpcsDxm;o!fh 41
rsufESm a&$ayv$m tdwfzGifhay;pmrsm;u
vnf; jynfo=l um;wGif txl;acwfpm;cJah v
onf? emrnfausmf vl&$ifawmf Zm*em.
ajymifajrmufaom jyufvHk;rsm;onfvnf;
&Spfav;vHk;odk@ oGm;&mvrf;wGif ta&;yg
aom pnf;¶Hka&;vufeufaumif; wckjzpfcJh
av.? Todk@umvwGif rqv v$wfawmf
xJY OD;ae0if;onf aoG;¶l;aoG;wef;jzifh
ausmif;om;or*~ +zdKcGrJ u _ pd uP kd OD;atmif}uD;
tm; tjypfyHkcsum wdkif;ol jynfom;rsm;udk
vnf; “ppfom;qdkwm rdk;ay:udkaxmif
rypfb;l / aemufwcg qlqyl yl v l yk v f @kd wyfukd
oH;k &&if roufombl;vd@k om rSwaf yawmh”
(ppfom;qdkwm rdk;ay:udkaxmifrypfbl;
w!f h w !f h y pf w wf w ,f ) [k a emuf q H k ;
rdef@cGef;udka¹cGum &mZyv†ifrS qif;oGm;cJh
avonf ? OD ; ae0if ; tm%mpG e f @ aom
ae@um; 1988 ckESpf Zlvdkifv 23 &ufae@
jzpf.?
jrefrmjynfta&;onf Todk@jzpfyGg;ae
pOftwGif; vSnf;wef;&Sd wuUodkvfausmif;
om;rsm;usufpm;&m apwem&Sif vuBuf
&nfqikd f aZ,smoD&v d rf;xJu aZ,smuzD;
wdk@wGif ppftpdk;&udk qef@usifaom pm&Guf
pmwrf ; rsm;ud k v_ y f & S m ;aeaom
ausmif;om;rsm;u &J&Jwif;wif; jzef@a0
aecJh=u.? xdkpmrsm;wGif xl;xl;jcm;jcm;
ygvmonfu &Spf&uf &Spfv &Spfq,fh&Spf
ae@wG i f wjynf v H k ; twd k i f ; tm;jzif h
qENjyyGJ}uD;w&yfqifE$Jrnfjzpfa=umif;ESifh
atmufuwm0efcHaom tzGJ@tpnf;ESifh
acgif;aqmifae&mwGif “rif;udkEdkif/ taxG
axG t wG i f ; a&;rS L ;? ArmEd k i f i H v H k ; qd k i f & m
ausmif;om;rsm;or*~” [lIjzpfonf? ,if;
vufurf;pmrsm;onf wuUov kd yf &k 0k%Ef iS hf
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bk&m;&Sd wdik v f ;kH }uD;rsm;wGiv f nf; ae&m,lchJ
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olum; bDbDpDowif;axmuf c&pPwdkzm
*g;eufpfyif jzpfawmhonf?
bDbDpDrS npOf &Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmf
yH k } uD ; ud k wuU o d k v f a usmif ; om;rsm;u
OD;aqmif+yD; jyKvkyaf wmhrnf[k xkwv f i$ ahf y;
aejcif;a=umifh bDbDpDowif;axmuf}uD;.
trnfemronf usaemfwdk@twGuf ta&;
tygqHk;aom awmfvSefa&;.wrefawmf
jzpfcJh&ayonf? xdkumvu vltrsm;.
wckwnf;aomtm;udk;&m ,Hk=unf&mrSm
EdkifiHjcm;owif;Xmeom jzpfcJhavonf?
(p)
ordkif;opfudk arG;zGg;r!fh &Spfav;vHk;rwdkifrD
7/ 8/ 1988 ae@u &efukef+rdK@&Jh ta&;ygwJh
vSnf;wef;vrf;qHkvdkae&mrsKd; jynfvrf;r
}uD;wav#muf +rdK@v,facgifawGrSm usaemf
wd k @ wouf r S m wcgrS r awG @ bl ; aom
tajrmuf } uD ; rsm; tcsKyf u m;}uD ; rsm;
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yHkrsm;? +yD;awmh a&S@wef;ppfrsufESmawGrSm
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qifE$Jr!fh uGefref'dkrsm;. toGiftjyifrsm;
jzifh &efukef+rdK@. vrf;r}uD; 0J,mwGif ae&m
,lxm;=uonfukd awG@&ayonf? Ttcif;
tusi;f rsm;a=umifh aemufwae@ &Spaf v;vH;k
ta&;awmfyHkonf jzpfcsifrS jzpfawmhrnf?
tcsKd@u jzpfawmhrSmr[kwf[kyif ajymqdk
cJh=uonf?
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onf vufeufjzifhrdk;um ajcmufvSef@I
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qH;k jzwfcsut f wGuf toufut kd yfEiS ;f xm;
+yD jzpfaoma=umifh rnfolr#wif=udKrodEdkif
aom wae&mrSpwif azmufcGJvdkufaonf?
,if ; ae&mum; rqv vuf y g;aprsm;
apmifhqdkif;jcif;rS vGwfaeo!fh anmifyif
av;aps;yif jzpfawmhonf? anmifyifav;
aps;rS ausmif;om;rsm; pwifcsDwufum
&efukef+rdK@v,fodk@OD;wnfcJh=u&m vom
vrf;xdyfwGif ppfwyfESifh pwif&ifqdkifcJh
=uonf? ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh
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ajyoGm;um &Spfav;vHk;wyfOD;onf qlav;
buf u d k a&muf o G m ;+yD ; aemuf +rd K @xJ r S
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&efukefqdyfurf;rS tvkyform;rsm; v$wf
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vnf; &efukefY acgif;aqmifchJonf ausmif;om;rsm;udk
ajy;jrifrd=ujyefonf? 8888 ta&;awmfyHkonf &ef
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rsm;um; ordkif;wGif oifhoavmufrwGifao;acs?
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a=umifhjzpfEdkifonf?
rdrdonf 8888 ta&;awmfyHkY udk,fpGrf;^m%fpGrf;
&Sdor# }udK;pm;acgif;aqmifcJh=uonfhtxJ wa,muf
tyg t0ifjzpfayonf? txifu& acgif;aqmif}uD;
wOD;tjzpf rdrdudk,frdrd rcH,lvdkay? trSefurdrd.
v_y&f mS ;r_ukd rdrad &;om;jcif;xuf tjcm;olrsm;a&;om;
jcif;u ydkIoif@avsmfayonf? odk@aomf t"du yg0ifchJ
olrsm;u ra&;om;aomtcg jrefrmEkdifiHv_yf&Sm;r_}uD;
wckjzpfaom 8888 vlxktHkºur_}uD;wGif &cdkifwdk@ yg0if
v_yf&Sm;cJ@onfhordkif;onf ,ae@xufwdkif t&mrxif
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od k @ jzpf & um; 8888 v_ y f & S m ;rS K ta=umif ; ud k
aqmif;yg;wyk'fa&;om;I &cdkiftrsKd;om;owif;pmY
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udk,fawG@twdkif; Taqmifyg;udk rdrda&;om;&efqkH;
jzwfvdkfufonf?
rdrda&;vdkonfrSm “8888 ta&;awmfyHkESifh&cdkif
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ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d a=umif@ rdrv d ufvrS ;f rDoavmufukd
om rdrad &;om;Edik rf nfjzpf&m &cdik jf ynfwckv;kH . ta&;
xufrdrd. udk,fawG@v_yf&Sm;r_ trsm;tjym;ygvmEdkif
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pOf;pm;um rdrdvufvSrf;rDoavmufjzifh Taqmif;
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wGif qufwdkufjzpfay:vm+yD;aemuf &efukefwuUodkvf
rsm;udk ydwv f ukd af =umif;owif;xGuaf y:vmonf? ‚
aemuf rdrdonf &efukefpufr_wuUodkvfrS jyefvmonf@
ausmif;om;wOD;ESi@f v#K@d 0u S pf mG awG@q+Hk yD; &efuek t
f ajc
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twGuf jyoaeavonf? pmjy,if; ausmif;om;rsm;.
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tay:pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&Sdaom ausmif ;om;rd brsm;/
q&mrsm;ESifh wD;acgufpnf;¶kH;aeaom umvjzpfonf?
1988 ck =o*kwfv (1) &ufae@wGif rdrdZmwd
jzpfaom atmifqyd rf S pufavSjzifh ppfawG+rdK@o@kd xGucf mG
cJhonf? avSqdyfwGif ausmif;om;ausmif;olwcsKd@ESif@
rar#mfvif@bJawG@qkHcJ@&onf? r=umaomumvwGif
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ae=uayonf? odk@aomf rdrdqufrajymcJ@acs?
=o*kwfv (2) &ufae@wGif &cdkifjynfvGwfajrmuf
a&;twGuf v#K@d 0u S pf mG zG@pJ nf;xm;aom ajratmufvy_ f
&Sm;onfhtzGJ@0ifwcsKd@.tdrfodk@ udk,fwdkifoGm;a&muf
um 'Drdkua&pDwdkufyGJY wwyfwtm;yg0ifI &cdkifwdk@
&ydkifcGif@udk vufrvGwfwrf;,l&ef wdkifyifavonf?
Tta&;onf wjynfv;kH ta&;jzpfoifah =umif; ajymqdk
wdkifyif=uavonf? odk@aomfrdrdoGm;a&muf wdkifyif
aom olrsm;xHrS wdkufyGJudkOD;aqmifv_yf&Sm;ygrnf[l
aom uwdudkrnfolwOD;wa,mufr# r&onfhtjyif
ppfawG+rdK@Y rnfonfah usmif;om;rsm;u acgi;f aqmifae
onfudkvnf; rod&acs?
‚aemuf rdrd=unfndKav;pm;aom q&mr (1)
88 ordik ;f . pmrsuEf mS
OD;xH oGm;a&mufI csOf;uyfpnf;¶kH;jyefonf? “wwdkif;
jynfv;Hk tkºH uvmaomtcg/ q&mrygvmrnf”[laom
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uwdudk r&SdcJhacs? Todk@jzif@ wae0if waexGuf
vlyk*~dKvf toD;oD;ESif@ awG@qkHum wdkufypJG wifEkdifonf@
taet xm;wck zefwD;&ef}udK;pm;aomfvnf; (6)
&ufajrmuf aomae@xdwdkif pdwfauseyfavmufonfh
tae txm; odk@r&acs? Todk@jzifh =o*kwfv (6)
&ufae@wGif rnfolbJ acgif;aqmif acgif;aqmif igwdk@
yl;aygif;rnf[laom uwdudkrl i,foli,fcsif;wcsKd@xHrS
&avonf?
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wl r i,f r S ausmif ; om;v_ y f & S m ;ES i f h ywf o uf a om
owif;tcsut f vufrsm;udk vufvrS ;f rDor# pkaqmif;
avonf? =o*kwv f (7) &ufae@EiS hf (8) &ufae@ qENjyyGJ
jzpfEkdifajcr&Sdajc? (9) &ufae@wGifjzpfrnf[k owif;udk
xd k w l r i,f x H r S a emuf q k H ; &&S d a vonf ? rnf o nf h
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vnf; rnfonfhausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrS odrnf
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aqmifae&&m wOD;udk wOD;od&ef txl;cufcaJ vonf?
qufoG,fa&; ud&d,mrsm;vnf; txl;&Sm;yg;vSay
onf? ausmif;om;wcsK@d txu (1) udv k moGm;onf?
&efuek af usmif;om;rsm;ESit hf quf&onf[k wlri,fu
qdkonf? rnfodk@yifqdkap reufzuf wdkufyGJprnf[k
qHk;jzwfum rdrdwywfausmfwnf;cdkaeaom tdrfrS
tjcm;wckodk@ ajymif;avonf?
=o*kwf (9) &ufae@ rGef;vGJ (2) em&DavmufwGif
rdrEd iS hf taygi;f ygwcsK@d qifu;l vrf;&yfuu G &f dS puf¶vHk rf;
rSpI wdkufyGpJ wif&efxGufpOf vrf;rawmfbufrS tvH
w0D0Djzif@csDwufvm=uaom ausmif;om;§ol vli,f
wcsKd@ESif@qkHrdavonf? “armifarmifwdk@udk OD;aqmifyg
q&mr/ armifarmifw@kd EiS v hf ufwyJG g q&mr” [k ‚wd@k rS
cspfpzG,fajymvmonf? ‚jyif rdrd.oli,fcsif; &aoh
awmif ygwD,lepfaumfrDwD0ifwOD;.om; (ausmif;
om;r[kwf) yg0ifavonf? xdkolygvmjcif;onf rdrd
twGufa&m ausmif;om;rsm;twGufyg aumif;av
onf? xdkoli,fcsif;u rdrdtm;q&mr[k rac:rdu
xdkvli,frsm;rdrdudk q&mrwOD;tjzpf odrnfr[kwfacs/
tm;udk;jcif;vnf; wlrnfr[kwfacs? ausmif;om;i,f
rsm;rS ysLiSmpGmzdwfac:r_udk &aomtcg rdrdtwdkif;rod
0rf;omoGm;+yD; qENjy wdkufyG}J uD;udkacgif;aqmifcsDwuf
&ef csufcsif;qkH;jzwfvdkufonf? ‚aemuf
wygwD tm%m&SifpepfjyKwfusa&; - ig¶dk@ta&;?
&cdkifvlxkvGwfajrmufa&; - ig¶dk@ta&;?
ae0if;tpdk;& usqHk;ygap?
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ta&;awmfykH atmif&rnf?
paomaºu;a=umf o H r sm;ud k aºu;a=umf u m
rif;bm}uD;vrf;twdkif; qufvufcsDwufavonf?
vlrsm; wpk+yD;wpk rdrdwdk@ESifhaygif;pnf;vmonf? rdrd
onf xdak usmif;om;i,frsm;. 0dik ;f &HrE_ iS t hf wl wyfO;D rS
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vrf;odk@ xyfrHcsDwufavonf? ukefwef;ta&mufwGif
trsKd;orD;wOD; xyfrHyg0ifyl;aygif;+yD; rdrdESif@twl
a&S@wef;rS csDwufavonf? nae (5) em&D (30) rdepf
wGif 0uFbmuGif;jyifodk@a&mufavonf? ausmif;om;
acgif;aqmifrsm;u rdrdtm; &GufcsDum 0uFbmuGif;&Sd
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onf?
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&ydkifcGifhtwGuf qufvufwdkufyGJ0if=u?
wygwDtm%m&SifpepfusqHk;a&;twGuf igwdk@tm;vHk;
wdkufyGJ0if=u&rnf?
q&mawmf OD;OwWr a[m=um;cJ@aom 0HomEkpdwf"gwf
udk arG;=u?
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aoao ta&pkwfpkwf }udK;yrf;=upkd@?
ponfh pum;vk;H rsm;jzifh tpcso D nfh 'Dru kd a&pDw&m;OD;
8 8 8 8 ta&;awmfyEHk iS Uf &cdik jf ynfwiG ;f
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udk =o*kwfv (9) &uf nae (5) em&D (30) rdepfrS (6)
em&Dxd a[m=um;cJ@onf? Tw&m;onf 1988 'Drdku
a&pDta&;awmfyt Hk wGi;f &cdik jf ynfY xGuaf y:vmaom
yxrqkH;'Drdkua&pDw&m;OD;yif jzpfonf?
‚ae@ naebufwGif vl (20) tm; zrf;qD;&ef
cv& (20) rS vdkufvH&SmazGaea=umif;owif;&av
onf? xdkemrnfrsm;pm&if;xJwGif rdrdemrnfyga=umif;
v#Kd@0SufpGmod&avonf? rdrdonf wnf;cdk&mtdrfESifh eD;
pyfonfhcGqkHwdkif;Y uif;axmufrsm;xm;+yD; vkH+cHKa&;udk
pDpOfavonf?
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avmufwGif 'kwd,ae@oydwfpwifjyefonf? Tae@
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axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaomvltkyf}uD; 0*FbmuGif;odk@
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jzpfyGg;avonf? ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rsm;udk oydwf
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rdepfwGif &ao@awmifodk@a&mufavonf?
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rdrdonf ¶kyfzsufI oabFmay:vdkufygvmonfhtwGuf
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ta0;csavonf? xdktpnf;ta0;rSm rdrdtm; tao
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rS od&avonf? olronfolr.armif t&m&SdESifh
rdrad wG@qEkH ikd rf _ taetxm;wckukd zefw;D ay;avonf?
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taeESifh tdajENrysuf vdkufvH&SmazGcJh&yHk rdrdtwGuf
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+rdK@e,frS Todk@vdkuf&SmaepOf &aohawmif+rdK@&Sd
wufºuaom vli,f (300) avmufu &Jpcef;udk
0dkif;xm;=ua=umif;/ xdkodk@0dkif;xm;onfrSm tu,fI
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rdrdZmwdjzpfaom &ao@awmifòr@e,f atmifqdyfaus;
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jzpfa=umif;owif;&avonf? xdk@tjyiftjcm;aom
&cdkifjynftESH@tjym;Y oydwfpwifav+yD jzpfa=umif;
od&avonf? rdrdonf (6) &ufavmuft=umwGif
August v (18) &ufae@Y r,lurf;rS pufavS 5-pD;
tjynf h y gaom vl t if t m;jzif h &ao@awmif + rd K @ok d @
a&a=umif ; jzif h csD w uf a vonf ? &ao@awmif o d k @
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w&m;udk a[majymavonf? aemufwae@wGif &aoh
awmif oydwftiftm;pkrsm;ESifh vufwGJvsuf&aoh
awmifòr@awmfcef;rudk odrf;um oydwfw&m;pifjrifh
tjzpf a=ujimavonf? ‚aemuf &aohawmif oydwf
aumfrw D u
D kd zG@J pnf;=uonf? aumfrw D D w&uftvdw k iG f
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onf? rdrdonf 'kwd,acgif;aqmiftjzpfom a&G;cs,f
cH&avonf? oydwf OuUXrSm udak tmifausm0f if; (,ck-
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ud,
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‚tpnf ; ta0;wG i f &aoh a wmif (97) tk y f p k r S
txufwef;/ tv,fwef;/ rlvwef;q&m/ q&mrrsm;
pH k n D p G m wuf a &muf = uonf ? xd k t pnf ; ta0;od k @
ppfawGrS ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkoef;ausmfESifh
udkjynfpdk; (rdrdoli,fcsif;) a&mufvm=uonf? ‚wdk@
ES p f O D ; onf rd r d E S i f h tem*wf w G i f jzpf a y:vmrnf h
taetxm;rsm;udk v#Kd@0SufpGm wdkifyif=uavonf?
&aohawmifjrdK@udk aoG;ajrrusodrf;ydkufjcif;
=o*kwfv20 &ufae@wGif &ao@awmifòr@e,f (97)
tkyfpkrS jynfolvlxkwdk@ zdwfac:um }uD;rm;aom vlxk
tpnf;ta0;}uD;udk usi;f y=uavonf? Tae@w&m;yGJ
onf r=umrDjzpfvmrnfh +rdK@odrf;wdkufyt JG wGuf vlxk
udk aoG;xdk;prf;onfh yGJqdkv#ifvnf; rrSm;acs? rdrdwdk@
oydwt f zG@J onf (22) &ufae@ jyKvkyrf nfh +rdK@ord ;f wdu
twGuf pDrHudef;rsm;udk aygufuGJr_r&Sdatmif xdyfqHk;
acgi;f aqmifoufoufjzift h xl;pepfwusppD Of&avonf?
‚aemuf 22-&ufae@wiG f +rdK@e,fwckv;kH rS vltif
tm;jzifh &aohawmif+rdK@ay:ygwD/ aumifpD¶kH;tm;vkH;udk
aoG;ajrrus odr;f ydu k Ef ikd cf @J avonf? xdo k @kd aoG; ajrrus
atmifjrifap&ef ppfwyft&m&Sdrsm;ESif@ &Jt&m&Sdrsm;udk
rdrw d @kd bufryS gvmap&ef rdrd (3) &ufwikd w f ikd f wdww f cd;k
oGm;a&muf pnf;¶k;H cJ&h avonf? xd@k tjyif =oZm&So
yk*Kd~ vfrsm;xHo@kd csO;f uyfI &Jt&m&S}d uD;udk pnf;¶H;k ay;&ef
tultnDawmif;&avonf? rdrdwdk@ppfwyfodk@ ay;vdk
onfh pnf;¶Hk;a&;pum;rsm;udkvnf; &Jt&m&SdrSwqifh
ay;avonf?
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aumifpD¶Hk;rsm;rS txkyfi,frsm;udk,fpDjzifh +idrfoufpGm
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ulnDay;aeonfh udkatmifnGef@wif (cdkif&efaemif)/
udkarmifa0xGef;(&JxGef;) ESifhocFgxGef;( cdkifrif;cdkif) ESifh
ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkoef;Edkifwdk@jzpfonf?
TwdkufyGJwGif q&m0efrsm;/ olemjyKq&mrrsm;/
q&m/ q&mrrsm;/ ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;/ v,fo
rm;rsm;/ vufvkyfvufpm;rsm; tm;vHk;yg0ifavonf?
aemufydkif;wGif jynfol@ppf &JwyfzGJ@0ifrsm;uvnf;
oydwfwyfom;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;yg0if=uavonf?
Tae@rpS I &ao@awmifòr@&dS ygw/D aumifp¶D ;Hk tm;
vkH;&Sd rqvtvHrsm;ae&mwGif cGyfa'gif;tvHysH0Jum
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q&m0efrsm; / ausmif;q&mrsm;jzifh zGJ@pnf;vsuf &aoh
awmifòr@udk tkyfcsKyfapavonf? ‚aemuf rqv
tpdk;&. rw&m;zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifr_udk cHae=u&aom
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vmavonf? xdk@a=umifh trmcHtiftm; (250) cef@udk
zG@J pnf;um vHk+cHKa&;udkrdrdenf;[efjzifh (24) em&D tcsdef
jynfh csxm;&avonf? tEW&m,frsm;}uD;xGm; vm
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twdkif;twmwckxd xdrf;odrf;xm;Edkif&ef taxmuf
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avonf?
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onf? ppfawGoydwfudkacgif;aqmifolrsm;rSm q&m
OD;at;ausmf/ ODd;vSapm/ OD;armifnGef@pdef ESifh OD;omxGef;
k yf JG atmifwdk@jzpf=uavonf? q&mOD;at;ausmfonf
aemifwGif ppfawG+rdK@ oydwfaumfrDwDOuUX jzpfvm+yD;
OD;vSapmrSm twGif;a&;rSL;jzpfavonf? q&mpdefapm
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acgif;aqmifrsm;rSm udkoef;ausmfESifh udkat;armifESifh
tjcm;acgif ; aqmif w k d @ jzpf = uavonf ? (tjcm;
acgif;aqmifrsm;trnfrrSwfrd) q&mo#iftHk;ESifh OD;
d nfh armifomZHwdk@rSm oydwfem,ursm;tjzpf aqmif
&GufcJh=uavonf?
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tpdk;&Xmeqdkif&m tm;vHk;/ poHk;vHk;tzGJ@0ifrsm;/ &J0ef
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q&m§q&mr/ ausmif;om;ausmif;ol tm;vH;k yg0ifav
onf? Tae@wGif ppfawGaxmif}uD; aygufavonf?
bl;oD;awmif/ armifawm pnf;¶kH;a&;c&D;pOf
ppfawGESifh&ao@awmifòr@rsm;udk odrf;vkduf+yD;aemuf
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bl;oD;awmifESif@ armifawmòr@rsm;odk@ c&D;xGuf&ef tif
tm; (21) OD;jzifhc&D;xGuf=uavonf? ppfawGrSygvm
aom acgif ; aqmif r sm;rS m q&mo#if t H k ; / q&mOD ;
pdefapmvS/ *dk;orm;pHausmf/ udkjynfpdk;/ udkoef;ausmfESifh
aemifwGif NUFA ESifh NUPA wdk@Y wm0efxrf;aqmif
vmrnfh Adv k cf ikd af usmx
f eG ;f (ac:) Adv
k rf sK;d ESihf tjcm;q&m
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ukvm; &cdkift"du¶k%f;jzpfrnf[k ESpfzufaomvllrsKd;
rsm;u oHo,}uD;pGm 0ifae=uaom tcsdefjzpfonf?
&cdkiftrsKd;orD; (50) cef@ rk'drf;jyKusif@cHae&onf[l
aom owif;rsm;vnf;xGufay:aeonf?
rdro
d nf bl;oD;awmifo@kd nae (5) em&DavmufrS
a&muf&Sdonf? ppfawGtzGJ@u ae@cif;ydkif;rSyif a&muf
ESifhaeav+yD? bl;oD;awmif&Sd vlwcsKd@jzifh wdkifyif&m
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}uD; wdkifyifonf? xdkolESpfOD;xHrS eufzefvlxk w&m;
yGjJ zpfap&rnf[laom uwdudk &avonf?
xdkvli,frsm;eufzeftwGuf óu;pm;ae=uaom
tcsdefwGif rdrdwdk@oydwfacgif;aqmifrsm;u vuf&Sd
wdkif;jynf tajctaersm;ESifh tem*wfjzpfay:vmzG,f
&Sdaom taetxm;udk aqG;aEG;=uavonf? ppfwyfrS
tm%mod r f ; vmEd k i f z G , f & S d a =umif ; ES i f h tu,f I
tm%modr;f vmygu rdrt d aeESihf awmcdI k wdu k yf q
JG uf
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Tae@n rdrw d nvH;k tdrrf aysmaf cs? eufzefoydwf
yGJtwGuf rsm;pGmpdwfylaerdonf? eHeufvif;tm¶Hk
(4;50) wGif xdkvli,f (2) OD;rdrdxH a&mufvm=u+yD;
vl x k p nf ; a0;yG J } uD ; twG u f toif h j zpf + yD q d k o nf h
ta=umif;ESihf oli,fcsi;f yDyD oufpeG @f }udK;yrf; aqmif&u G f
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&cdkiftrsKd;om;owif;pm Zlvdkifv/ 2008 ckESpf
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}uD;udk usif;y=uavonf? vlrsm;rdrdwdk@rSef;xm;onf
xuf yHak tm a&muf&v dS m=uonf? cef;rxJwiG o f mru
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wGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;yHkESifh OD;ae0if;yHkwdk@udkcsdwfqGJ
xm;onf? q&mawmf. "gwyf [ kH I
l twdt k pyifr&Sad cs?
rdrdwdk@tzG@J onf cef;rxJ0if0ifcsif; Adkvfae0if;yHkudk qGcJ s
vdkufonfESifh cef;rwckvHk; vufckwfoHrsm; =obmoH
rsm;jzifh qlnHoGm;avonf? Tw&m;yGJonf bl;oD;
awmifòr@Y yxrqkH;t}udrf usif;yaom vlxkw&m;yGJ
vnf;jzpfavonf? òr@e,foydwfaumfrDwDudkrl rdrdwdk@
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zG@J pnf;&ef t}uHðy+yD; rGef;vGyJ dkif;wGif e,fpyfòr@jzpfonfh
armifawmodk@ c&D;qufvmcJh=uonf? rdrdwdk@tzGJ@udk
armifawmrS um;wq,fhav;pD;jzifh qif;}udK=uonf?
}udKqdkolrsm;xJwGif rlqvifbmom0ifrsm;pGm yg0if=u
avonf?
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w&m;yGJtwGuf oydwfOuUX udkb,Of tygt0if
tjcm;aom rdwaf qGrsm;ESihf wdik yf if=uavonf? bl;oD;
awmif/ armifawmc&D;pOfonf pnf;¶kH;&tcufqkH;
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jzpfonf? Todk@jzpf&onfrSmvnf; ta=umif;&Sday
onf ? xd k t a=umif ; rS m uk v m;-&cd k i f t "d u ¶k % f ;
qufvuf jzpfay:vmEkdifonf[laom oHo,rsm;
yG g ;&ef ppf w yf r S a e@pOf zef w D ; aeaoma=umif h y if
jzpfavonf?
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onfh oHo,rsm;uif;aysmufI 'Drdkua&pDwdkufyGJwGif
xkdw&m;yGJrsm;wGif vlxkvlwef;pm;tv$mtoD;oD;
yg0ifvmap&ef t"duóupm;=uonf? xdkw&m;yGJwGif
q&mo#iftkef;/ rdrd jr&mZmvif;ESifh ppfawGrS acgif;
aqmifwcsKd@ESifh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkoef;ausmf
wdk@u w&m;a[majym=uonf? q&mo#iftkef;u
“xGufoGm;aomr#m;onf jyefvnf jyefvmonfr&Sd”
[laom pum;udk b*FvDbmomjzifhajymjyum &cdkifodk@
bmomjyefonf? rdrdu ty&d,m w&m; (7) yg;udk
tajccHI &cdkifjynfzGm; tm;vkH;aom vlxk vlwef;pm;
toD;oD; yg0if}udK;yrf;r_jzifh 'Drdkua&pDyef;wdkif a&muf
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onf? udkoef;ausmfu aoG;pGef;aomvufjzifh wnf
aqmufay;&ef ajymaeaom Auo taqmuftOD;udk
vufrcHEdkifa=umif; a[majymavonf?
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wyg;/ rlqvifAvDq&mwOD;/ okH;OD;om;pifjrifhay:rS
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onf? ta=umif;rSm &cdkifwjynfe,fvHk;udk xdef;csKyfedkif
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onfhtaetxm;odk@ qdkufa&mufvmaoma=umifh jzpf
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rsm;ESifh ppfwyfonf ydkIxdyfwdkuf&ifqdkifwdk;vmonf?
oydwfwyfom;rsm; xdef;csKyfxm;onhfae&mrsm;odk@
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vmonf? ygwDaumifpD&Hk;rsm;rS ypPnf;rsm;udk jyefvnf
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rqvacgi;f aqmifrsm;ESi@f rdrw d @kd oydwaf cgi;f aqmifrsm;
noef;acgif tpnf;ta0;oGm;wdkif;vrf;Y xdyfwdkuf
wdk;vmonf?
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oydwfacgif;aqmifrsm;onf rdrdtwGuf tdyf&mae&m
a&$@ajymif;um ydkrdkowdxm;umuG,fay;=uavonf?
ae&mtoD;oD;odk@ ajymufusm;pepfudkokH;I rdrdwdk@
qufoG,fp jyKvmonf? ajrmufOD;òr@e,frS oydwf
aumf r wD w OD ; vnf ; rd r d w d k @ xH o d k @ vma&muf I
tem*wfa&S@quf av#mufa&;udpPwdk@udk vma&muf
aqG;aEG;vmonf? rdrdwdk@onf rnfonfhtcuftcJESifh
yif }uKHonfjzpfap &efol@xH vufajr‡muft¶_H;ray;[l
aom oE<dXmefudkcsum qufvufwdkufy0JG ifa&;udk
t"dupOf;pm;xm;a=umif; ajymjyavonf?
Todk@jzif@ pufwifbmv (18) &uf nae (4)
pmrsufESm 9
em&DavmufwGif EkdifiHawmftm%mudk EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yf
ydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ (State Law and Order
Restoration Council - SLORC) rS odr;f vduk +f yDjzpfa=umif;
jrefrmhtoHrS a=unmvmonf? a&'D,dk&Sd ae&mtoD;
oD;Yvlrsm;pk¶;Hk em;axmifae=uonfuv kd nf;awG@&onf?
Towif;xGufay:vmonfESif@ ae@pOfaxmifcsD
aomif;csD pk¶kH;vSKyf&Sm;ae=uaom vlrsm;tm;vkH;upOfh
uvsm; jzpfoGm;avonf? r=umrD em&Dydkif;tvdkwGif
rdrdwdk@ oydwfpcef;onfvnf; *sDo&D;aoewfudkif
SLORC ppfom;rsm;. vufatmufodk@ usa&mufav
awmhonf? Todk@jzifh ppfawG/ ajrmufOD;/ rif;jym;ESifh
usef+rdK@rsm;odk@ c&D;qufrnfh ar#mfvifhcsufonfvnf;
uG,faysmufcJh&avawmhonf?
r,lawmifY cdkv_Hjcif;
tm%modr;f owif;xGuaf y:vm+yD;aemuf n (7) em&D
avmufwGif rdrd&Sdaeaomae&modk@ atmifnGef@wif
(rdrdtm; teD;uyfulnDol) ESifh ocFgxGef; (wGJzuf
twGif;a&;rª;) wdk@ v#Kd@0SufpGm vma&mufqufoG,f+yD;
tem*wftpDtpOfudk ar;=uonf? rdrdonf tm%m
rodrf;rDuwnf;u }udKwifrSef;qxm;onfhtwdkif;
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