9

]p-kv-X-I-w- \m-ev- / e-¡w- c-­-v/ 2007 B-K-kv-äv- -/1428 d-P-_v-

4
6
hm-b-\-¡m-cp-sS- kw-hm-Zw-
Xn-cp-sam-gn-
hntam-N\
7 ]-{Xm-[-n-]À-¡v- ]-d-bm-\p-Å-Xv- ssZh-im-k{v X-¯nsâ
14 bpàn-hmZw: Nne D¯-cm-[p-\nI hnNm-c§
-þCl-kv m³
- Ä ]p\Àhmb-\I - Ä
25 ssZ-h-¯n-\v- k-a-·m-tcm?- þapkvX^m X³hoÀ
þD-kav- m³- ]m-e¡
- m-gn- -
27 amwk-`£
- Ww thZ hncp-²a- m-sWt¶m?
þico^v tate-XnÂ
32 a¯mbn ]dª hnti-jhpw kzX-{´-`m-cX
- hpw
þhn.-sI. kXy-hm³ \mbÀ
36 {]iv\§fpw shÃphnfnIfpw.
þ\m-Ca- - _n.- tdm-_À-«v
42- a-c-Wti-j-sam-cp- a-S-¡-tam?-
þA_vZ- p-dD- u-^v-
44 B-´c- n-I- {]-Xn-tcm-[ kwhn-[m\w a\p-jys\ GÂ]n-¨mÂ..?!-
þ-A-Uz.- ap-Cu-\p-±o³-
47 ip-sF-_v- \-_n-(u)bpw- P-\-X-bpw-
þ kzm-en-l-v
49 A´n-a-Zq-X-³-
þ in-lm-_v- sX-mS- p-]p-g-
50 hn-ip-²- ]m-X-

Internet Edition: http://www.nicheoftruth.org/samvadam

Printed Published and owned by M.Mohammed Akbar. Printed at Screen Offset printers, Cochin-18. Published at Cochin-18.
Editor M.Mohammed Akbar, Niche of Truth, Kalabhavan Road, Cochin-18.

2007 B-K-kv-äv- 3

\thm°m-\- Nn-´-IÄ-
2007 Pq-em-bv- 22 e-¡w- "am-Xr-`q-an-'- B-
gv-N-¸-Xn-¸n-se- \-thm-°m-\-s¯-¡p-d-n-¨p-
h-¶- c-­p- te-J-\-§-fm-Wv Cu- Ip-dn-s¸-
gp-Xm-\p-Å- t{]-c-Iw.-
tIc-fob kmaq-ly \thm-°m-\s
- ¯-
¡p-dn-¨pÅ NÀ¨-I-fnepw kwhm-Z-§-fn
epw C¶pw hyà-Xbpw kv]jvS-Xbpw
BÀÖn-¨-Xmbn ImWp-¶n-Ã. tIc-fob
\thm-°m\w ]cm-P-b-s¸« Hcp {]tl-fn-
I-bmWv- F¶ ià-amb A`n-{]mbw \ne-
\n¡p-¶p-­.v - \mcm-bW
- K
- p-cp-hpw N«-¼n-
kzm-an-I-fpw A¿-¦m-fn-bpw tUm. ]¸p
hpw \bn¨ sslµh kmaq-lnI ]cnjvI-
c-W§
- f
- psS t\«-§Ä hne-bn-cp-¯p-t¼m
Ä C¶v hen-sbmcp iq\y-X-bmWv A\p-
`-h-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. PmXn \io-I-c-W-¯n\v
Atlm-cm{Xw ]Wn-s¸«-nc
- p-¶- \mcm-bW
- -
Kpcp Hcp PmXn-ssZ-hw X
- s
- ¶-bmbn sXän-
²-cn-¸n-¡s
- ¸-«p. aX-ta-Xm-bmepw a\p-jy³
\¶m-bmÂaXn F¶p Nn´n¨ At±-lw-
Hcp aX-¯nsâ Bcm-[y-_n-µp-hm¡n
ZpÀhymJym-\n-¡-s¸-«p. \mbÀ kap-Zm-b-
¯n-Â ]cnjvIrX Nn´-Ifpw kÀh-aX
ka-hmZ Nn´m-K-Xnbpw {]N-cn-¸n-¡m³
bXv\n¨ N«¼n kzman-IÄ¡pw CtX
ZptcymKw h¶p tNÀ¶p. N«-¼n-kzm-an-IÄ
kmap-Zm-bnI BNm-cy-\mbn Nn{X-§f
- nepw
hn{K-l-§-fnepw BhnjvIcn-¡-s¸-«p.
A[xØnX hn`m-K-¯nsâ Ah-Imi
ka-c§
- Ä¡mbn [oc-ambn Nn´n¨ A¿-
¦m-fn¡v apkvenw ss{IkvXh aX-hn-`m-K-
§-tfmSv Bgtadnb B\p-`mhw D­m-bn-
2007 B-K-kv-äv-
hm-b-\-¡m-cp-sS-
kw-hm-Zw-
cp-¶p. F¶m At±-l¯
- nsâ kmaqly
ka-c- at\m-`m-hs¯ XoÀ¯pw Ah-KWn-
¨p-sIm-­mWv Nne kwL-S-\-Ifpw hy
àn-Ifpw kwL-]-cn-hmÀ Nn´m-K-Xn-¡m
cpw A-t±-ls
- ¯- kzoI-cn-¨Xv. hnZym`ymk
hn¹- h - a mWv AhÀWsâ hntam- N \w
km[y-am-Ip¶ amÀK-§-fn H¶v F¶v
ZrV-am-bn-¯s¶ hniz-kn-¨n-cp¶ tUm.
]¸p kz´w A\p-`-h-§-fn-eqsS Dcp-
¯n-cn-s¸-Sp¶ Nn´m-K-Xn-I-f-\p-k-cn-¨m
Wp {]hÀ¯n-¨n-cp-¶X
- v. ]t£,- ]n¡m
e Ncn{Xw At±-l-¯n\p NmÀ¯n-bXv
{io\m-cm-bW Kpcp-hns\ cq]-s¸-Sp-¯nb
Iui-e¡
- m-c\
- mb Hcp Cug-h\
- m-bn-«m-Wv.
tUm. ]¸p-hnsâ bXv\-§fpw ]cn-{i-
a-§fpw Ah-bÀln-¡p¶ hn[-¯n hni-
I-e\w sN¿-s¸-Sp-I-bp-­m-bnà F¶Xv
tIc- f - ¯ nsâ kmaqly \thm- ° m\
Ncn{Xw hni-I-e\w sN¿p-¶-Xn kw`-
hn¨ Kpcp-X-c-amb Hcp ]mfn-¨-bmWv F
¶p ImWmw. \thm-°m\w am{X-aà AXn
sâ Ncn-{Xhpw hgn-sX-än-¡s
- ¸«p F¶ÀYw.
]cm-P-b-s¸« tIc-fob \thm-°m\
bXv\-§-fn Imcy-amb H¶v {io\m-cm-
bW Kpcp-hn-tâXpw asäm¶v- hn.-Sn. `«-
Xn-cn-¸m-Sn-tâ-bp-am-Wv. \¼q-Xn-cnsb a\p-
jy-\m-¡m³ Cd-§n-¸p-d-s¸« hn.-Sn. kz
´w Pohn-X-¯n Ahmkm\-Im-e¯v
kzbw \¼q-Xn-cn-bm-Im-\mWv {ian-¨X
- .v CS-
Xp-]£ Nn´-I-fpsS {]mIvcq]-§-fpw
thZ-¯nsâ hn¹h hmb-\-I-fpw bpàn-
hm-Z-¯nsâ Pzme-I-fpw kzX-{´-Nn-´-bp
sS tXm¶-ep-Ifpw DÄt¨À¶ k¦oÀW-
4
hyànXzambncp¶p hn.-Sn.-bp-tSX.-v AXp-
sIm-­p-Xs¶ s]mXp kmaq-ly-[m-cs
- ¡-
Xn-cn Nn´n-¡p-Ibpw {]hÀ¯n-¡p-I-
bpw sN¿p¶ BÀ¡pw AXn-th-K¯
- nÂ
kz´-am-¡p-hm³ Ign-bp¶ Hcp kmwkv
Im-cnI {]Xn-cq-]-ambn At±lw amdn.
ASp-¡f
- b
- n \n¶v Ac-§t
- ¯-¡n-d§
- p-
hm³ \¼q-Xncn kv{XoI-tfmSv hn.-Sn. \S-
¯nb Blzm-\¯
- nsâ ^e-am-bn-cp-¶nÃ
\¼q-Xn-cn-k-ap-Zmb kv{XoI-fn \S¶
amä-§Ä. adn¨v tZiob ka-c-hp-ambpw
B[p-\nI hnZym-`ym-k-hp-ambpw \ho\
kmln-Xy-hp-ambpw \¼q-Xncn kv{XoI-
fnepw A´ÀP--\-§-fnepw NneÀ¡v e`n-
¡m-\n-S-bmb _Ôhpw ]cn-N-b-hp-amWv
AhÀ¡nS-bn amä-¯nsâ \nan-¯-§-
fmbn amdn-b-Xv. hn.-Sn.-bpsS \thm-°m\
kw`m-h\
- I
- Ä hne-bn-cp-¯p-t¼mÄ kXy-
k-Ôa
- mb kao-]\w kzoI-cn-¡p- I
- bm-sW-
¦n taÂ]-dª hn[-¯n-e-ÃmsX Nn
´n-¡pI km[y-ta-bÃ
- . hn.-Sn.-bpsS \thm-
°m\ aqeyw sIm«n-tLm-jn-¡-s¸« Hcp
\pW-bpw aäp-]e XmÂ]cy-§f
- m ]Àh-
Xo-I-cn-¡-s¸« anYy-bp-am-bn-cp-¶p. AtX
kabw hn.-Sn.-bnse hyàn-bpw Nn´-I-
\pw Fgp-¯p-Im-c-\p-saÃmw At±-l-¯n-
tâ-Xmb am\-§fpw Øm\-§fpw AÀln-
¡p-¶p-sh-¶Xv- kXy-hp-am-Wv. Xo£vW-
amb Pohn-X-¯nsâ kXy-§fpw AÀ[
kXy-§fpw Nn´-bpsS I\Â aqi-I-fn-
en«v a\\w sNbvXp-sIm­v hn.-Sn. Pohn-
Xs¯ Xo{h-amb At\z-jW hkvXp-hm-
¡n.
 Ckvemw Ckvemapw, apkvenwIÄ
apkvenwIfpw Bbn-cn-¡pI F¶-Xn-s\-
¡mÄ hepXpw amtä-dn-b-Xp-amb Hcp
]cnjvI-c-Whpw apkvenwI-fn kw`-hn-
t¡-­X
- nà F¶-XmWv bmYmÀY-yw. apkv
enw kaqlw Hät¡m Iq«mtbm Ckveman
sâ ss\XnI hnip-²n-bn \n¶-I-ep-
t¼mÄ Xncn-¨p-t]m-¡nsâ A\n-hm-cyX
HmÀa-n-¸n-¡p-hm\pw Xncp-¯Â \-S-¯p-
hm\pw _m[y-X-bp-Å-h-cn ]Þn-X³
amÀ F¶ khn-tij hÀK-w am{X-a-Ã,
Ckveman-s\-¡-p-dn¨v hyàhpw icn-bp-
amb Ah-t_m-[hpw hnh-c-hp-apÅ km
[m-cW
- ¡
- mÀ IqSn DÄs¸Sp-¶X
- m-W.v Nne
{]tXyI L«-§f
- n aX-¯nsâ auenI
kwip-²n-bn-te-¡pÅ Xncn-¨p-t]m-¡ns\
XS-bp¶ {]h-W-X-IÄ kaq-l-¯nÂ
B[n-]Xyw sNep-¯p-Ibpw _lp-P\
kaqlw AXn\p Iogvs¸-Sp-Ibpw sN¿p-
t¼m-gmWv PoÀW--Xbpw sshI-ey-§fpw
apJy-[m-c-bn-te¡p hcp-¶Xv.- \nc-´c
]cn-Wm-an-bmb Hcp kaq-l-¯n kw`-
hn-¡p¶ Imcy-§sf aX-hp-am-bpÅ Xmc-
X-ay-hn-iI
- e
- \
- ¯
- n-eqsS hnth-Nn-t¡-­Xv
apkvenwI-fpsS _m[y-X-bmWv F¡m-e-
¯pw. B _m[yX AhÀ \nÀhl-n-¨p-
sIm-­n-cp-¶n-«p-ÅX
- p-am-Wv. ]u-tcm-ln-Xy
hpw kzmÀY- XmÂ]cy-§fpw aX-¯nsâ
kwip-²-e-£y-§Ä¡v {]Xn-_-Ô-§Ä
D­m-¡p¶ thf-I-fn A¡mcyw kaq-
ls¯ t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯pI F¶- _m[y
X \nÀh-ln-¡p-hm³ GXm\pw ]Þn-X-
a-l-¯p-¡Ä cwK-¯p-h-¶n-«p-­v. Ah-
cmWv- tIc-fob apkvenw kmaq-ln-I-X-bp
sS kzXzw hos­-Sp-¡p-hm³ ]cn-{i-an-¨Xv
F¶ AÀY-¯n Ahsc apkvenw kmaq
ly ]cnjvIÀ¯m-¡Ä F¶p hnfn-¡p-
¶p. ]t£,- AhÀ¡v \nÀh-ln-¡m-\p-
­m-bn-cp¶ ZuXyw \thm-°m-\s
- ¯bpw
aX-]c
- njvIc
- W
- s
- ¯bpw kmaqly ]cnjv
IcWs¯bpw Ipdn-¨pÅ s]mXp-[m-cW
- -
IÄ¡v hncp-²-amb ZuXy-§-fm-bn-cp-¶p.
AXp-sIm-­mWv Xmc-Xay hni-I-e-\-
¯n {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn-\pw A¿-¦m-
fn-¡pw inh-tbm-Kn-¡pw N«-¼n-kzm-an-¡p-
sams¡ H¸w ]d-bm-hp¶ Hcp apkvenw
kmaqly ]cnjvIÀ¯m-hns\ Is­-¯p-
hm³ Ign-bm-sX-h-cp-¶-Xv. A¯cw Hcp
2007 B-K-kv-äv-
Is­-¯-ensâ Bh-iy-IX Xs¶bpw ¯n-¡p-dn-¡m³ km[n-¡m¯ hn[-¯nÂ
thdn« aX-kz-Xz-apÅ kwkvIm-c-apÅ PoÀW- ]m-cm-hi
- y-§f
- n-te¡p hoWp-t]m-
apkvenwIsf kw_-Ôn¨v CÃ F¶- hpI kzm`m-hn-Ia
- m-Wv. Cu hkvXp-XI
- Ä
XmWp bmYmÀY-yw. \thm-°m-\¯
- nsâ Xmc-Xa
- y-]T
- n- X
- m-¡Ä
hnkvac
- n-¡m³ ]mSn-Ãm-¯X
- m-Wv.
aX-k-aq-l-§-fpsS kmwkvIm-cnI
kzXz-§Ä X½n sshcp-[y-ap-­v. {]tZ- apkvenwI-fn \n¶v {io\m-cm-bW
in-I-þ-tZ-iob s]mXp kzXz-§Ä ]men- Kpcpthm N«-¼n-kzm-an-Itfm D­m-bn-«nÃ
¨p-sIm­pw AÃm-sXbpw aX-§Ä kmw F¶p- ]d-bp¶ _meni hmZ-¡mÀ {io
kvIm-cn-I-amb Gä hnXym-k-§Ä {]I- \m-cm-bW Kpcp-hn-s\bpw N«-¼n-kzm-an-I-
Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-h-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm-­p-Xs¶ sfbpw \njv{]`-hm-¡p¶ kmwkvIm-cnI
kpc-£n-XXzw Ckveman-\p­v F¶ hkv
aX kaq-l§
- f
- p-sSbpw kaq-Zm-b§
- f
- p-sS
XpX Ah-KW
- n-¡p-¶p. kmÀh-P\
- o-\hpw
bpw ØnXn-KX
- n-Ifpw Ah-ØI
- fpw hni-
kmÀhImen-I-hp-amb Hcp aX-ZÀi\w
I-e\w sN¿p-t¼mÄ IrXy-amb Hcp kam
F¶ \ne-bn Ckveman\v amdp¶ Ime-
\ am\-ZÞw km[y-ta-b-Ã. lnµp kaq-
¯n-t\m-sSm¸w AXnsâ {]mNo\ hnip-
l-¯n kw`-hn-¨X
- p-t]m-epÅ amä-§Ä
²n-bp-ambn kl-bm{X \S-¯p-hm³ km[n-
{InkvXy³ kap-Zm-b-¯nepw apkvenw
¡p-sa-¶-cns¡ A«-n-a-dn-bp-sSbpw Xnckv
kap-Zm-b-¯nepw kw`-hn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-¶-
Ic-W¯
- n-sâbpw LS-I§
- Ä t]dp¶ \
Xns\ Ipä-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xpw AXn ]cn-
thm-°m-\hpw kmaqly ]cnjv¡c-Whpw
X-]n-¡p-¶Xpw- hnthI ]qÀW-amb kao-
A\m-h-iy-am-Wv -F¶ ]c-amÀY-w Ncn-{X-
]-\-a-Ã. Cu hkvXpX ]cn-K-Wn-¡m-¯-
]-Tn-Xm-¡Ä {i²n-t¡-­X
- p-­v. Xncp-¯n-
h-cmWv apkvenwI-fn \n¶v {io\m-cm- sâbpw amän-¸-d-b-en-sâbpw ^e-§Ä
bW Kpcphpw almXvamKm-Ônbpw D­m- Gsd A\p-`-hn-t¡-­n-bn-cp¶ Cugh
bn-söp ]d-bp-¶-Xv. kmaqly \thm- kap-Zm-b¯
- nÂt]mepw Ah A\p-`h
- t
- `-
°m-\-¯nsâ A\n-hm-cy-X, kz`m-hw, Zy-am-¡m³ {io\m-cm-WK
- p-cp-hnsâ ]cnjv
kmaq-ly-]Ý
- m-¯e
- w, Imc-W§
- Ä, Bh I-c-W-¯n\v km[n-¨n-«nà F¶n-cns¡
iy LS-I-§Ä F¶nh Hmtcm kap-Zm-b- ]cm-P-b-s¸« Hcp \thm-°m\ kwcw-`-
¯nepw hn`n- ¶ - § - f m- W v . AXn- \ m ¯nt\m-sSm¸w Ckvemapw tIc-fob apkv
{io\m-cmb-W Kpcp-hn\v- Cug-hk
- a
- p-Zm-b- enwIfpw tXmÄtNÀ¶p \n¶nà F¶-Xn
¯n \nÀh-ln-t¡-­n-h¶ ]cnjvIc sâ t]cn tIc-fob apkvenwIsf A[n-
Ww k\m-DÃ
- aIvXnX-§Ä¡v apkvenwI- t£- ] n- ¡ p- ¶ - X n- e ÀY- a n- à . ]Xn- \ mep
fn \nÀh-ln-t¡-­n-h-¶n-Ã. PoÀW-X \qäm-­p-I-fmbn kPo-h-ambn \ne-\nÂ
sb kzbw {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡p¶ Ckvemansâ ¡p¶ Ckveman {io\m-cm-bWKpcphpw
Bi-b-ti-jnsb XIÀ¯p Xcn¸Wam- N«-¼n-kzm-an-Ifpw BhiyansÃ-¦n tIc-
¡p-hm³ ]utcm-ln-Xy-¯n-sâbpw Nqj- fob apkvenwIÄ apkvenwI-fmbn \ne-
W-¯n-sâbpw iàn-IÄ¡v Ckveman \nÂs¡ Ah-cnepw A«-na
- d
- n-kz-`m-ha
- pÅ
Hcp Ime¯pw ]qÀW-amb km[yX e`n- ]cnjvIc-W¯
- n\p kmwK-Xy-an-Ã. \thm-
¡p-I-bp-­m-bn-«n-Ã. AXp-sIm-­p-Xs¶ °m\ bXv\§
- s
- fbpw kmaq-ly-]c
- njvI
\ma-am-{X-amb Hcp aXm-ßI
- X
- b
- mbn Ckv cW kwcw-`-§-sfbpw Xmc-Xayw sN¿p-
emw XIÀ¶-Sn-bm-\p-anS h¶n-«n-Ã. sslµ t¼mÄ Ncn-{X-¯n-sâbpw Ncn-{X-t_m-[-
h kaq-l-¯n-sâ ØnXn-K-Xn-IÄ A{]- ¯nsâ ap³hn[n-IÄ¡p-]-Icw hkvXp-
\n-jT
v a
- mb \nco-£W ioe-¯nsâ ]n´p
Im-ca
- Ã
- . Ah-cn ià-amb aXmXvaIX
W D]-tbm-Ks
- ¸-Sp-¯m-¯Xp sIm­mWv
Hcp bmYmÀY-ya
- mbncp¶n-«n-Ãm-¯X
- n-\mÂ
apkvenwI-fn \n¶p {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp
aX- t I- { µn- X - a mb kmaq- l ym- h - t _m- [ -
hpw N«-¼n-kzm-an-Ifpw tUm. ]¸-phpw
¯nsâ kÂ^-e-§Ä th­{X A\p-`-
D­m-bn-sÃ-¶Xv ]cn-Xm-]-¯n-\n-S-bpÅ
hn-¡m-\n-Sh
- ¶
- n-«p-an-Ã. PoÀW-XI
- Ä Ffp
Imcy-ambn NneÀ¡v tXm¶p-¶-Xv.
¸w hiw-h-Z-am-¡p¶ Ir{Xna aXm-ß-I-
X-IÄ kmaqly \thm-°m-\¯
- nsâ \ma- þCu-izÀ- Zm-kv,- tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv-
am{X bXv\-§Ä sIm­p-t]mepw Xncp-
5
 Xn-cp-sam-gn-
A-_q-ap-^o-Zv-
]-en- i
- - F-¶- hn-\m-iw
P-m-_nÀ-(t)- ]-d-bp-¶-p-:- ""]en-i- Xn-¶p-¶-h-s\-bpw- A-Xv- Xo-äp-¶-h-s\-bpw-
A-Xn-s³-d- C-cp- km-£n-I-sf-bpw- A-Xn-s³-d- F-gp-¯p-Imsc-bpw- \-_-n-(e)- ap-kv-enw
i-]n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.- A-h-sc-Ãmw- k-a-am-sW-¶pw- AhnSp-¶v- ]-d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p''.- XnÀ-an-Zn

]-en-i- ]p-Xn-sbm-cp- Nq-j-W- amÀ-K-a-Ã.-
]-t­- A-Xp-­v.- F-¶mÂ- hÀ-¯a - m-\- Im-
etem-Iw- ]-en-ib - p-sS- \o-cm-fn-¸n-Sn-¯¯n
Â- sR-cn-ªa - À
- ¶
- p-sIm-­n- c - n-¡p-Ib - m-Wv.-
A-Xn-`o-Ic-am-b- -- H-cp- `o-jW- n-bm-WX - n-¶v;-
hy-àn-IÄ - ¡- pw- cm-Py-§Ä-¡p-sa-Ãmw.- A
X-n-s³-d- sI-Wn-bnÂ- s]-«-hÀ- A-XnÂ-\n-
¶pw- c-£t - \-Sm³- I-gn-bm-sX- Ip-Sp-§n-¡n-
S-¡p-¶p.-
C-k-ev- mw- ]-en-isb-- \n-jn-²-am-¡n-b-
a-Xa
- m-Wv.- hn-\m-iI
- c- a
- m-b- G-gp- a-lm-]m]-
§-fnÂ- H-¶m-bn- \-_n-(e)- ]-en-i-sb- F
®n-bn-«p-­v.- _p-²n-ap-«p-¶-h-s³-d- Z-b-\o
bm-h-kv-Y-sb- Nq-j-Ww- sN-bv-Xv- X-Sn-¨p-
sIm-gp-¡p-¶-h-cm-Wv- ]-en-i-¡mÀ.-
""]eni Xn¶p¶hÀ ]nimNv _m[
\nan¯w adnªphogp¶h³ Fgpt¶Â
¡p¶Xv t]msebÃmsX Fgpt¶Â¡p
IbnÃ. I¨hShpw ]eni t]mse¯
s¶bmWv F¶v AhÀ ]dªXnsâ
^eas{X AXv. F¶m I¨hSw AÃm
lp A\phZn¡pIbpw ]eni \njn²am
¡pIbpamWv sNbvXn«pÅXv. AXn\mÂ
AÃmlphnsâ D]tZiw h¶pIn«nbn«v
(AX\pkcn¨v) hÃh\pw (]enibnÂ
\n¶v-) hncan¨m Ah³ ap¼v hm§nb
Xv Ah¶pÅXv Xs¶. Ahsâ Imcyw
AÃmlphnsâ Xocpam\¯n¶v hnt[b
ambncn¡pIbpw sN¿pw. C\n Bsc¦n
epw (]enibnS]mSpIfnte¡v Xs¶) aS
§pIbmsW¦n Ahcs{X \cImhIm
inIÄ. AhcXn \nXyhmknIfmbncn
¡pw''-(2:-275)-.
"ap-XÂ- ap-S¡- n- B-Zm-bw- F-Sp-¡e- mWv-
]-en-i.- A-Xv- sX-äm-sW-¦nÂ- I-¨-h-S-hpw-
sX-ät- Ã?- A-Xpw- B-Zm-bs - a-Sp-¡Â- X-s¶-
bm-W-tÃm.- F-¶n-cn-s¡- ]-en-i-hm-§Â-
sX-äpw- I-¨-h-Sw- sN-¿Â- sX-än-Ãm-¯-Xp-
am-Ip-¶-sX-§-s\-?'- F-s¶m-s¡-bp-Å-
tNm-Zy-§Ä- A-¶pw- C-¶pw- ]-en-i-¡m-cn
Â- \n-¶v- -- D-bÀ-¶n-«p-­v,- D-bc
- p-¶p-­v.- ]en-
i- hm-§p-I- F-¶- A-{I-a-¯-n-\p- ]p-d-sa-
A-Xn-s\- \ym-bo-I-cn-¡p-I- F-¶- A-{I-a-
am-Wo- tNm-Zy-§Ä.- F-¶mÂ- A-Ãm-lp-
hy-à-am-¡n-:- "I¨hSw AÃmlp A\ph
Zn¡pIbpw ]eni \njn²am¡pIbpam
Wv sNbvXn«pÅXv'.-
]-en-i- \n-jn-²a - m-¡n-s¡m-­p-Å- IÂ-
]-\- h-cp-¶-Xn-\p- ap-¼v- \-S-¯n-bn-«p-Å-
]-en-i-bn-S-]m-Sp-I-fnÂ- \n-iv-N-b- {]-Im-cw-
_m-¡n- In-«m-\p-Ås - Xm-¶pw- ta-enÂ- hkq-
em-¡-cp-sX-¶pw- A-Xv- ap-gp-h³- D-t]-£n-
¡p-I- X-s¶- th-W-sa-¶pw- JpÀ-B³-
IÂ-]n-¡p-¶p.- C-kv-em-an-te-¡v- I-S-¶p-
hcp-¶- hy-àn-I-fpw- A-¶p-h-sc- ]-en-i-
hm-§p-¶-h-cm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦nÂ- ti-jw-
In«m-\p-Å-Xv- hÀ-Pn-t¡-­-Xm-Wv.--
""kXyhnizmknItf, \n§Ä AÃm
lpsh kq£n¡pIbpw, ]enihIbnÂ
_m¡n In«m\pÅXv hn«pIfbpIbpw
sNt¿­- X mWv . \n§Ä (bYmÀY)
hnizmknIfmsW¦nÂ. \n§Ä A§
s\ sN¿p¶nsæn AÃmlphnsâbpw
dkqensâbpw ]£¯p \n¶v (\n§Ä
s¡XncnepÅ) kac {]Jym]\s¯¸
än AdnªpsImÅpI. \n§Ä ]ivNm
¯]n¨p aS§pIbmsW¦n \n§fpsS
aqe[\w \n§Ä¡p Xs¶ In«p¶Xm
Wv. \n§Ä A{Iaw sN¿cpXv. \n§Ä
A{Ian¡s¸ SpIbpw AcpXv''-(2:-278).-
""kXyhnizmknItf, \n§Ä Cc«n
bnc«nbmbn ]eni Xn¶mXncn¡pIbpw
AÃmlpsh kq£n¡p Ibpw sN¿pI.
\n§Ä hnPbnIfmtb¡mw''-(3:-130)-.
""AÃmlp ]enisb £bn¸n¡pI
bpw Zm\[Àa§sf t]mjn¸n¡pIbpw
sN¿pw. bmsXmcp \µ-nsI« ZpÀhr¯s\
bpw AÃmlp CjvSs¸Sp¶XÃ''-(2:-276)-.
kp-Jt - ¯m-Spw- kw-Xr-]X v- n-tbm-Sp-ap-Å-
Po-hn-Xw,- k-aq-l-¯nÂ- am-\y-X-bpw- A-
´-Êpw- D-­m-bn-cn-cn-¡p-I,- P-\-§-fp-sS-
kv-t\-lm-Z-c-hp-IÄ- e-`n-¡p-I- ap-X-em-b-
Im-cy§-fm-s¡- [-\w- aq-ew- C-l-tem-I-
¯nÂ- e-`n-¡m-\n-Sb - p-Å- t\-«§ - f - m-Wv.- ]-
en-i¡- mÀ-¡m-Is - «- C-sXm-¶pw- e-`n-¡m-\n-
S-bn-Ã.- [-\w- hÀ-[n-¡p-t´m-dpw- ]n-ip-¡pw-
BÀ-¯n-bpw- k-am-[m-\-¡p-d-hpw- hÀ-[n-
¡pw. H-¸w- P-\-§-fp-sS- sh-dp-¸pw- i-{X-p-
X-bpw -Iq-Sn-s¡m-­p-an-cn-¡pw.- ]-c-tem-I-
¯n-em-Is - «- ]-en-i¡ - mÀ-¡v- B- [-\w- sIm-
­v- bm-sXm-cp- D-]I - m-ch
- pw- e-`n-¡p-Ib - nÃ.-
\-Ã- Im-cy-§-fnÂ- sN-e-h-gn-¨m-epw- A-Xv-
\n-jn-²a - m-b- k-¼m-Zy- w- sIm-­mb-Xn-\mÂ-
A-Xn-\v- ]p-Wyw- e-`n-¡n-Ã.- \n-jn-²-am-b-
[-\w- sIm-­v- sN-¿p-¶- Im-cy-§Ä- tZmj-
I-c-am-bn- `-hn-¡p-I-bpw sN-¿pw.-
F-¶mÂ- [À-an-jv-Ts³d-- sN-e-gn-¡Â-
-A-Ã-m-lp-hn-¦Â- h-¼n-¨- {]-Xn-^-ew- e`n-
¡p-¶ H-cp- ]p-Wy-IÀ-a-am-bn-cn-¡pw.-- Ah-
s³-d- [À-a§ - s
- f- A-Ãm-lp- h-fÀ-¯n- hep-
Xm-¡pw.- [-\w- Ip-d-ªp-t]m-bm-epw- D-Å-
XnÂ- kw-Xr-]v-Xn-bpw- k-am-[m-\-hpw- Ah-
\p-­m-bn-cn-¡pw.- P-\§- Ä-¡m-Is - «- A-bm-
tfm-Sv- kv-t\-l-hpw- _-lp-am-\-hpw- hÀ-[n-
¨p-sIm-t­-bn-cn-¡p-Ib - pw- sN-¿pw.- hnip²-
JpÀ-B³- ]-d-bp-¶p:-
""]-d-bp-I-:- \-Ã-Xpw- Zp-jn-¨-Xpw- k-aam
hp-I-bn-Ãþ Zp-jn-¨-Xn-s³-d- B-[n-Iyw- \n-
s¶- A-Ûp-Xs - ¸-Sp-¯n-bm-epw- i-cn''-(5:-103).-
""B-sc-¦n-epw- H-cp- \-Ã- Im-cyw- sN-bv
Xp-sh-¨mÂ- A-XnÂ- A-h-\v- \mw- \-·-
hÀ-[n-¸n-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv''- (42:-23).- - -
- -
-

2007 B-K-kv-äv- 6
]-{Xm-[n-]À-¡v- ]-d-bm-\p-Å-Xv-

s]¬-hm-b-\-bp-sS- ]n-¶m-¼p-d-§Ä-

kv{- Xo-Is
- f- ]o-Un-¸n-¡p-Ib
- pw- A-hc
- p-sS- A-hI
- m-i§
- s
- f-Ãmw- \n-tj-[n-¡p-Ib
- pw- sN¿p-
¶- ZÀ-i-\-am-Wv- C-kv-emw- F-¶- {]-N-Þ-am-b- {]-Nm-c-W-§Ä-¡p- \-Sp-hn-epw- k-Xy-
aXw- kzo-Ic
- n-¡p-¶- h-\n-XI
- f
- p-sS- F-®w- hÀ-[n-¨p-hc
- n-Ib
- m-sW-¶- h-kvX
- p-X- C-kvemw-
hn-cp-²- _p-²n-Po-hn-Is
- f- h-Ãm-sX- A-kz-kvY
- c
- m-¡p-¶p-­v.- ]m-ivN
- m-Xy-tem-I¯
- p-\n¶v-
C-kv-emw- kzo-I-cn-¡p-¶- A-©p-t]-cnÂ- \m-epw- h-\n-X-I-fm-sW-¶-Xn-\p- ]n-¶n-ep-Å-
Im-c-W-a-t\z-jn-¡p-I-bm-Wv- s\-XÀ-em³-dv-kn-se- tkm-jyÂ- B-t{´mt-]m-f-Pn-kv-äm-b-
I-cn³-hm³- \yq-sIÀ-¡n-s³-d "C-kv-emw kzo-I-cn-¡p-¶- kv-{Xo-IÄ-þ enw-K-hpw- ]-cn-hÀ-
¯-\h
- pw- ]m-iN
v- m-Xy-tem-I¯
- v'(1)
- - F-¶- {K-Ùw.-- ]m-iN
v- m-Xy h-\n-XI
- Ä- C-ke
v- mw- kzoI-
cn-¡p-¶-Xn-ep-Å- ]-cn-Xm-]-¯nÂ- I-eÀ-¶-Xm-Wv- ]p-kv-X-I-¯n-s³-d- s]m-Xp-hm-b- B-
te-J-\-sa-¦n-epw- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-am-b- Ip-sd-tb-sd- A-dn-hp-IÄ- \Â-Ip-¶-Xm-W-Xv.- a-[y-
]u-c-kv-Xy- {]-tZ-i-¯p-\n-¶v- ]-Tn-¡m³- h-cp-¶- ]p-cp-j-·m-cp-sS- ku-lr-Z-h-e-b-¯nÂ-
Ip-cp-§n-bm-Wv- ]m-iN
v- m-Xy- h-\n-XI
- Ä- C-ke
v- man-se-¯n-t¨-cp-¶X
- v- F-¶- ]-Xn-hp- hÀ¯-
am-\w- ]-d-bp-¶-Xn-\p- ]-I-cw- C-kv-em-an-s³-d- ZmÀ-i-\n-I-hpw- ss-[-j-Wn-I-hp-am-b k-hn-
ti-jX
- I
- f
- m-Wv- C-kve
- man-te-¡v- h-\n-XI
- s
- f- B-IÀ-jn-¡p-¶s
- X-¶pw- ]-Snªm-dn-s³-d-
Ip-Spw-_- ssi-Yn-ey-¯n-\pw- ssew-Kn-I-hÂ-I-c-W-¯n-\pw- \-Sp-hnÂ- Po-hn-¡p-¶-hÀ-
C-kve
- man-s³-d- [mÀ-an-I- \n-ba
- §
- f
- nÂ- B-izm-kw- I-s­
- ¯
- p-I- kzm-`m-hn-Ia
- m-sW
- ¶pw
\yq-sIÀ-¡v- \n-co-£n-¡p-¶p-­v.- {k-jvS
- m-hn-\pw- kr-jvS
- n-IÄ-¡p-an-Sb
- nÂ- bm-sX
- m-cp-hn[-
a
- d
- b
- p-an-sÃ-¶- C-ke
-v m-an-Im-[ym-]\
- a
- m-W-v X-§fp-sS- {]-i\
-v §
- f
- pw- {]-Xn-kÔ
- n-If
- p-saÃmw-
k-aÀ-¸n-¡p-hm³- H-cp- A-¯m-Wn- tX-Sn-s¡m-­n-cn-¡p-¶- h-\n-X-I-fnÂ- an-¡-h-sc-bpw-

2007 B-K-kv-äv- 7
B-IÀ
- j
- n-¨s
- X-¶v- A-hÀ- Xp-d¶
- p- ]-db
- p-t¼mÄ- B-ßo-bm-[a
- X
- z- §
- f
- nÂ- \n-¶v- a-\pjy-
sc- tam-Nn-¸n-¨v- {k-jS
v- m-hpw- kw-c£
- I
- \
- p-am-bh
- s
- ³-d- k-hn-[¯
- n-se-¯n-¡p-¶þ
- Ahs\-
am-{Xw- B-cm
- [
- n- ¡
- p-Ib
- pw- A-h\
- nÂ- Im-cy-§s
- f-Ãm-w- `-ct
- aÂ-]n-¡p-Ib
- pw- A-h\
- p- Pohn-
X-s¯- sam-¯¯
- n-Â- k-aÀ-¸n-¡p-Ib
- pw- sN-¿p-¶- C-kve
- m-an-s³-d- A-Zzn-Xo-ba
- m-b- ZmÀi-
\n-Im-Sn-¯-d- A-\yq-\-am-W-¶- h-kv-Xp-X- A-hÀ- A-dn-bm-s-X- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv.-
Ckve
- man-s³-d- B-ßo-bX
- b
- m-Wv- ]m-iN
v- m-Xy- h-\n-XI
- s
- f- B-IÀ-jn-¡p-¶s
- X-¶- kXyw-
Xp-d-¶p- ]-d-bm³- BÀ-P-hw- Im-Wn-¡p-¶p-sh-¶-Xm-Wv- Cu- ]p-kv-X-Is-¯- hy-Xn-cn-à-
am-¡p-¶- k-hn-ti-j-X.-
\yq-sIÀ-¡n-s³-d- ]p-kv-X-I-s¯-¸-än- C-hn-sS- ]-cm-aÀ-in-¡p-hm³ {]-tXy-I-am-b-
H-cp- Im-c-W-ap-­v. Cu- ]p-kv-X-I-¯n-se- B-i-b-§Ä- NÀ-¨- sN-¿-s¸-«- ti-j-ap-Å-
"C-kv-em-an-Iv- s^-an-\n-kv-äp'-I-fp-sS- k-ao-]-\-§-fnÂ- h-¶- am-äw- {]-tXy-Iw- {i-t²-b-
amWv.- C-ke
v- mw- kv{- Xo-Is
- f- A-Sn-¨a
- À-¯p-Ib
- pw- \n-ba
- §
- Ä- A-Sn-t¨Â-]n-¡p-Ib
- pamWv-
sN-¿p-¶-Xv- F-¶- ]-Xn-hp- ]-Ã-hn-¡p- ]-I-cw- C-kv-emw- "A-\p-h-Zn-¨'- A-h-Im-i-§Ä-
Xn-cn-¨p-]n-Sn-¡p-Ib
- m-W-v th-­s
- X-¶- {]-t_m-[\
- ¯
- n-\m-W-v s^-an-\n-kä
-v p-IÄ- {]m-[m\yw-
\Â-Ip-¶-Xv.- ]p-cp-jm-[n-]Xy- C-k-vem-am-Wv- ap-l-½-Zv- \-_n-(e)- A-\p-h-Zn-¨- A-h-Im-i-
§-sf- A-\p-h-Zn-¡m-sX- ]n-Sn-¨p-sh-¡p-¶-sX-¶pw- B¬-tIm-bv-a-bnÂ- \n-¶v- C-k-vem-an-
s\ c-£n-¡p-hm-\m-h-iy-am-b- s]¬-hm-b-\-I-fm-Wv- C-kv-em-an-I- tem-I-¯p-\n-¶p-­m-
tI-­s
- X-¶p-ap-Å- "t]m-kn-äo-hv'- B-b- \nÀ-tZ-i§
- f
- m-Wv- C-¶p- h-¶p-sIm-­n-cn-¡p¶Xv.-
C-kv-em-an-Iv- s^-an-\n-k-¯n-s³-d- B-Nm-cy-bm-bn- A-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶- ^m-¯n-a- saÀ-\n-Ên-
F-gp-¯p- \nÀ-¯n-bn-S-¯p-\n-¶m-Wv- ap-kv-enw- ]-Þn-X-bm-bn- hn-ti-jn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-
s{]m-^.- B-an-\m- h-Zq-Zv- X-s³-d- c-N-\-IÄ- B-cw-`n-¡p-¶-sX-¶Xv- tI-h-e bm-Zr-Ñn-I-X-
sbm-¶p-a-Ã.- B-an-\m- h-Zq-Zn-s³-d- C-kv-em-an-I- {]-am-W-§-fp-sS- s]¬-hm-b-\-bm-Wv-
\yq-tbmÀ-¡n-se- H
- c
- p- NÀ-¨v- lm-fnÂ- sh-¨v- sh-Ån-bm-gvN
- - Jp-Xzp-_- \n-Àh
- l
- n-¨q- sIm­v-
"s]¬-hn-tam-N\
- '--¯n-s³d- ]p-Xn-b- A-[ym-b§
- Ä- Xp-d¡
- m³- A-hÀ-¡- v- {]-tNm-Z\
- a
- mbXv.-
Cu- s]¬-hm-b\
- b
- pw- C-kve
- m-an-s\- X-ak
- vI
- c
- n-¡p-hm³- th-­n-bp-Å-- Kq-V{- i-a§fpsS-
`m-K-am-sW-¶v- h-Zq-Zn-s³-d- ]p-d-¯n-d-§n-b- c-­p- ]p-kv-X-I-§-sf(2)-- kq-£v-a-am-bn- A-]-
{K-Yn-¨mÂ- t_m-[y-am-hpw.-
b-YmÀ-Y-am-b- B-ßo-b-X- A-t\z-jn-¡p-¶- A-_-e-I-fm-b- kv-{Xo-IÄ- kzm-`m-hn-I-
am-bpw- C-kv-em-an-se-¯n-t¨-cpw.- ap-kv-en-am-bn-¡-gn-ª- A-h-sc- C-kv-em-an-s³-d- Ip-S¡o-
gnÂ- X-s¶- \n-e-\nÀ-¯n- C-kv-emw- hn-cp-²-cm-¡n-¯oÀ-¡p-hm-\p-Å- sI-Wn-I-fp-­m-
¡p-Ib
- m-Wv- C-kve
- m-an-Iv- s^-an-\n-kvä
- pIÄ- sN-¿p-¶s
- X-¶v- hy-àa
- m-Wv.- {]-t_m-[I
- À-
G-sd- {i-²n-t¡-­- ta-J-e-bm-Wn-Xv.- C-kv-em-w- kv-{Xo-¡p- \Â-In-b- A-h-Im-i-§-sf-
{]IoÀ-¯n-¨p-sIm-­v- cw-K-s¯-¯p-¶- s]¬-hm-b-\-¡m-cp-sS- Ip-X-{´-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨-
dn-bm-sX- {]-t_m-[-IÀ- t]m-epw- A-h-cp-sS- sI-Wn-I-fnÂ- A-I-s¸-«p- t]m-Im-dp-­v.-
Ckv-em-an-I- {]-t_m-[-\- cw-K-¯p-Å- h-\n-X-I-sf-bm-Wv- A-hÀ- B-Zyw- ]n-Sn-Iq-Sp-I.-
s]¬-hm-b\
- b
- p-sS- t]-cnÂ- l-Zo-Yv- \n-tj-[n-If
- pw- i-co-A¯
- v- \n-tj-[n-If
- p-am¡n-¯oÀ-
¡p-hm-\m-Wv- A-hÀ- ]-cn-{i-an-¡p-I.- hn-ip-²- JpÀ-B-\pw- \-_n-N-c-y-bpw- {]-hm-N-I\nÂ
(e)- \n-¶v- t\-cn-«v- a-Xw- ]-Tn-¨- D-¯-a- X-e-ap-d-¡mÀ- a-\-Ên-em-¡n-b-Xp- t]m-setb--
a\Ên-em-¡p-Ib
- pw- hym-Jym-\n-¡p-Ib
- pw- sN-bvX
- p-Iq-Sq- F-¶v- \n-jvI
- À-j- ]p-eÀ-¯p¶-
h-sc- h-gn-sX-än-¡p-hm³- -hn-j-a-am-Wv.- B- \n-jv-IÀ-j- X-s¶-bm-Wv- k-I-e- hyXn-bm-\-
§-fnÂ- \n-¶pw- c-£-s¸-Sm-\pw- im-iz-X- kzÀ-K-¯n-se-¯n-t¨-cp-hm-\pw- \-s½- {]m-]v-X-
am-¡p-¶-Xv.- A-Ãm-lp- A-\p-{K-ln-¡-s«-þB-ao³.-

1) KARIN VAN NIEUWKERK: WOMEN EMBRACING ISLAMI GENDER AND CONVERSION IN THE WEST
(UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS PRESS, AUGUST 2006).
2) AMINA WADUD: QURAN AND WOMAN: RE READING THE SACRED TEXT FROM A WOMAN'S PERSPECTIVE
(OXFORD, MARCH 1999).
INSIDE THE GENDER JIHAD: WOMENS REFORM IN ISLAM. (ONE WORLD PUBLICATIONS, JUNE 2006).

2007 B-K-kv-äv- 8
 hntam-N\ ssZh-im-kv{X-¯nsâ
]p\Àhmb-\-IÄ
-apJy-[m-cm-k-`m-t\-Xr-Xz-¯nsâ apkvX^m X³hoÀ
aX-]-chpw `uXn-I-hp-amb \ne- alZv hyàn-Xz-§-fpsS PohnX ktµ-i-§Ä ]n¡me¯v kzmÀY- XmÂ-]-cy-
]m-Sp-IÄ bYmÀY- {InkvXp-k- §-fn-e[n-jT
v n-Xa
- mb hniZ-oI
- c
- W
- §
- Ä¡v- hnt[-ba
- m-Ip-¶Xv Ncn-{X-¯n-ep-S\
- ofw Zriy-
tµ-i-§Ä¡v hncp-²-am-sW¶v am-Ip¶ Hcp {]Xn-`m-ka
- m-Wv. Bßo-bX
- b
- n-eq-¶nb ]cnjvI
- cW {]hÀ¯-\§
- Ä¡v
hniz-kn-¡p¶ {InkvXy³ C¯cw Zp-tcy-mK
- §
- Ä h¶p-`h
- n-¡p-¶Xv IqSp-XÂ {]I-Sa
- m-Wp- Xm-\pw. {]hm-NI
- ³am-
{Kq¸p-IÄ Xs¶ [mcm-fa- p-­v. cpsS ]n³ap-d-¡m-cmbn thjw-sI-«nb ]ptcm-ln-X³amÀ Bibpw Ioibpw Bam-i-
bhpw ASn-Øm-\-am¡n Znhy-kq-à-§sf hf-s¨m-Sn-¨-t¸m-gmWv ssZh-Zq-X³amÀ¡v-

2007 B-K-kv-äv- 9
 A-]cn-Nn-X-amb "aX-§Ä' krjvSn-¡-s¸«-sX¶v hnip-²- JpÀB³ hyà-am-¡p-¶p-
­v. {InkvXp aX-¯nÂ\n¶v {InkvXp-hnsâ -aX-¯n-te-¡pÅ Zqc-a-dn-bm-hp-¶-hÀ¡v
C{km-Cu Be-b-¯nse \jvS-s¸-«p-t]mb Ipªm-Sp-I-sf-t¯Sn h¶ alm-\mb
a\p-jy-]p-{X³ a®nÂ\n¶v hn®net- e-¡pÅ Xntcm-[m-\¯ - n\v tijw- F-´p-am{Xw
ZpÀhym-Jym-\-§Ä¡v Cc-bm-¡-s¸«p F¶v a\-Ên-em-¡m³ ]Wn-s¸-tS-­n-h-cn-Ã.
apJy-[m-cm-k`- m-t\-Xr-Xz¯
- nsâ aX-]c- hpw `uXnI- h- p-amb \ne]- m-Sp-IÄ bYmÀY-
{InkvXp-kt- µ-i§ - Ä¡v hncp-²a- m-sW¶v hnizk- n¡ - p¶ {InkvXy³ {Kq¸p-IÄ Xs¶
[mcm-fa- p-­.v It¯m-en¡mk`-bpsS bmYm-ØnX- nI ]nSnh- minItfmSv sIm¼p-tImÀ¯v
Øm]\hÂIrX ]pd¯p-t]mb s{]m«-Ìâv {InkvXym-\nI- f- mWv B[p-\nI {InkvXp-aX Ncn{- X-¯nse
aX-¯nsâ Gähpw {it²-b-amb ]nfÀ¸n\v tlXp-hm-b-Xv. F¶m s{]m«-Ìâv,- It¯m-en¡m
t`Z-as\y `qcn-]£w {InkvXp-aX hnizm-kn-Ifpw t]dn-s¡-m-­n-cn-¡p¶ ]c-¼-cm-
càcq£-nX - a- mb KX [mc-WI- t- fmSv auenI- a- m-bn¯ - s¶ hntbm-Pn¡ - p-¶h- cpw {InkvXp-hnsâ t]cnÂ
C¶-se-Isf kwkm-cn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡nS-bn-ep-­v. btlmhm km£n-I-sf-t¸m-ep-Å-hÀ {Xo{h-amb
Gähpw \nin-X-ambn aXmXvaI kz`mhw \ne-\nÀ¯n-s¡m­p- Xs¶-bmWv X§-fp-tS-Xmb ZÀi-\-¯n\v
cq]w sImSp-¯-Xv. Øm]\hÂIrX aX-¯nsâ càcq£-n-X-amb C¶-se-Isf
hnNm-cW sN¿p- Gähpw \nin-X-ambn hnNm-cW sN¿p-Ibpw tbip-hns\ Hcp `uXnI hn¹-h-Im-cn-
Ibpw tbip-hns\ bpsS Ip¸m-ba- W - nb- n¡- p-Ibpw sNbvX hntam-N\ ssZh-im-k{v X¯ - nsâ hàm-¡Ä¡v
Hcp `uXnI hn¹-h- aX-¯nsâ kmt¦-XnI taÂhn-em-k-§-fp-ambn ]d-b-¯¡ _Ô-sam-¶p-an-sÃ-¶p-
Im-cn-bpsS Ip¸m-b- Å-XmWv ]cnK- W - n¡- s- ¸-tS­ hkvXp-X. am\-hN- c- n{- Xs¯ \nÀWm-bI- a- mbn kzm[o-
\n¨ bpK-{]-`m-h-\mb Hcp {]hm-N-Is\ kw_-Ôn¨v At¶mfw \ne-hn-ep-­m-bn-
a-Wn-bn-¡p-Ibpw cp¶ apgp-h³ [mc-W-I-tfmSpw Ie-ln-¡p-¶Xp-sIm­v Xs¶ hntam-N\ ssZh-im-
sNbvX hntam-N\ kv{X-¯nsâ {]Xn-hm-b-\-IÄ hni-Z-amb ]T-\-aÀ-ln-¡p-¶-h-bm-Wv.
ssZh-im-kv{X- s]dp-hnse ]ptcm-ln-X-\m-bn-cp¶ KpkvXmthm Kznsä-dkv cNn¨ "Zn Xntbm-fPn
¯nsâ hàm- {Km^v en_-td-j³'- F¶ {KÙ-amWv hntam-N\ ssZh-im-kv{X-¯nsâ XmXzn-Im-Sn-
¡Ä¡v aX-¯nsâ ¯-d-IÄ \nÀa-n-¡p-¶-Xv. -Z-cn-{Z-cp-sSbpw aÀZn-X-cp-sSbpw hntam-N\w F¶ Bi-b-
amWv tbip ZuXy-¯nsâ tI{µ-_nµp F¶v en_-td-j³ Xntbm-f-Pn-Ìp-IÄ kn²m-
kmt¦-XnI taÂhn- ´n-¨p. ae-bm-f-¯n hntam-N-\ -ssZ-h-im-kv{X-¯n-sâ Bi-b-§Ä {]N-cn-¸n-¡m³
em-k-§-fp-ambn ]d- {ian¨- h- À A´m-cm-jv{S X- e- ¯- n kPo-ha- mb {]kvXpX NÀ¨-If- n \n¶pw DuÀP-
b-¯¡ _Ô-sam- apÄs¡m­v {InkvXp-hn\v ]p\Àhm-b-\-IÄ \nÀtZ-in-¨-h-cm-Wv.
¶p-an-sÃ-¶p-Å- hntam-N\ ssZh-imkv{Xw ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶Xv tbip F¶
]¨ a\p-jy-s\-bm-Wv. k`-bpsS ZpÀhymJym-\§ - Ä XoÀ¡p¶ Ahy-àX- I- Ä \o¡n
XmWv ]cn-K-Wn-¡- tbip-hnsâ PohnX- s¯ A]-{K-Yn¡ - p-t¼mÄ;- tbip ssZhtam ssZh]p{Xt\m AÃ,-
s¸-tS­ hkvXp-X. - hnIm-c-§fpw thZ-\-I-fp-apÅ Hcp km[m-cW a\p-jy\pw AXn-\-¸p-d¯v {]hm-N-
I\pw Bbnc- p¶p F¶ hkvXpX A\m-hr-Xa- m-Ip-¶X- mbn hntam-N\ ssZh imkv{X-
Im-c³amÀ Nq­n-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶p. "{InkvXp' F¶ kmÚbv-¡v ]Icw "tbip' F¶
hyàn-\maw D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-\mWv CXn-\m Xs¶ Ch-cn-jvS-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. `àn-bpsS
NnÃp-Iq-«-n XS-hn-em-¡-s¸« tbip-hns\ hntam-Nn-¸n¨v ssZ\w-Zn\ PohnX hyh-
lm-c-§-fn At±-ls¯ {]Xn-jvTn-¡p-hm-\pÅ ]cn-{i-a-§-fmWv C¯cw NÀ¨-I-
fpsS ImXÂ F¶v kw{K-ln¡ - m-hp-¶X- m-Wv.
tbip Hcp a\p-jy³ am{X-am-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶ \nco-£-W-¯nÂ\n¶p-cp-¯n-cn-bp¶
\ne-]m-Sp-IÄ ]c-¼-cm-KX k¦Â]§sf apgp-h³ XIÀ¡m³ t]m¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶p.
amwk-am-bn-¯oÀ¶ hN-\-¯n\v ]Icw hN-\-am-bn-¯oÀ¶ amwkhpw ]m]-]-cn-lm-c-
_-en-bmbn hyh-l-cn-¡-s¸-«n-cp¶ Ipcnip ac-W-¯nsâ Øm\¯v t]mcm« hoYn-
bn \nÊ-lm-b-\mbn Gäp-hm-t§­nh¶ in£-bmbn hymJym-\n-¡-s¸« Xncp-ap-dn-
hp-I-fp-sams¡ hnizm-kn-IÄ¡v ap¼n Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡-s¸-«p. ]c-¼-cm-KX aX-hn-
izmk- nI- Ä ]p\-cp-°m-\¯ - n\v tijw hm\-tem-I¯v hmWp-sIm-­nc- n¡ - p¶ ssZ]p-
{Xs\ tI{µo-I-cn-¨pÅ NÀ¨-I-fn apgp-In-b-t¸mÄ P\\w apX Xntcm-[m\w hsc-
bpÅ `uXnI Pohn-X-¯n tbip \nÀh-ln¨ hntam-N\ ZuXys¯ A]-{K-Y-n-¡p-
hm-\mWv hntam-N\ ssZh-im-kv{X-¯nsâ XqenI sa\-s¡-«-Xv.
2007 B-K-kv-äv- 10
 Nqj-IÀ XoÀ¡p¶ ]mc-X-{´y-¯nsâ N§-e-s¡-«p-I-fn AaÀ¶v thZ-\-bpsS
\pIw t]dp¶ Ah-i-P-\-hn-`m-K-§-fpsS `uXn-I-amb DbnÀs¯gp-t¶Â]mbn-cp¶p
tbip-hnsâ ]c-aa- mb e£y-sa¶v hmZn¡ - s- ¸-«Xv ]pXnb\nba- ¯- ne- p-²c- n¡- s- ¸-Sp¶
Nne kw`-h-§-fp-sS-b-Sn-Øm-\-¯n-em-Wv. Kncn-{]-`m-j-W-¯nse ]cm-aÀi-§Ä (-a-
¯mbn 5:3-þ10) apX \{k-¯nse {]mÀY-\m-e-b-¯n sh¨v tbip \S-¯nb thZ- ss__nÄ
hym-Jym\w (eq¡v 4:16-þ21) hsc Iogmf {InkvXp-hns\ AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xmbn ]gbþ]p-Xnb \nb-
\nco-£n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. Zcn-{ZÀ, AK-Xn-IÄ, AwK-ssh-I-ey-§Ä _m[n-¨-hÀ, kaqlw a-§tfm k`mhni-Zo-
]pd-t¼m-¡n \nÀ¯p¶ thiy-IÄ -Xp-S-§n-b-hÀ¡v Bizmkw ]I-cpI F¶ ]cn-
an-X-amb IÀ¯-hy-¯n-\-¸p-d¯v hnizm-k-þ-B-Nm-c- \n-_-²-amb Hcp aX¯nsâ N«- I-c-W-§tfm
¡qSv Xs¶ tbip-hnsâ ZuXy-]-cn-[n-bn hcp-¶nà F¶mWv hntam-N-\- ssZ-h-im- ]qÀW-ambn hniz-k-
kv{X- Ir-Xn-IÄ {]kvXm-hn-¡p-¶-Xv. \o-b-a-sö Xncn-¨-
hntam-N\- s- sZ-hi- m-k{v X¯ - nsâ ]p\Àhm-b\- I- Ä¡v ]Ým-¯e- a- mbn hÀ¯n¡- p¶ dnhv ssZhn-Ia- mb
{]Xy-bi- m-k{v X `- q-anI- s- b-¡p-dn¨- d- nb- p-t¼m-gmWv "Is­-¯ep'IfpsS cmjv{Sobw \ap¡v t{kmX-Êp-I-sf-t¯-
t_m[y-am-hp-I. tbip-{In-kvXp-hnsâ Pohn-Xhpw ktµ-ihpw ]n¡me¯v hf-s¨m- Sn-bpÅ kXy-k-Ô-
Sn-¡-s¸«p F¶ kmam\y hkvXp-X-bmWv ]p\Àhm-b-\-I-fpsS apgp-h³ tI{µ-_nµp
F¶v \tS kqNn-¸n-¨p. ss__nÄ ]gbþ]p-Xnb \nb-a-§tfm k`m hni-Zo-I-c-W- amb At\z-j-W-§-
§tfm ]qÀW-ambn hniz-k-\o-b-a-sö Xncn-¨-dnhv ssZhn-I-amb t{kmX-Êp-I-sf- fn-te¡v \bn-¨n-cp-
t¯-Sn-bpÅ kXy-k-Ô-amb At\z-j-W-§-fn-te¡v \bn-¨n-cp-s¶-¦n Øm]-\- s¶-¦n Øm]-\-
hÂIrX-k` krjvSn¨ Bi-b-¡-p-g-¸-§Ä¡v apgp-h³ Ckvemw ]cn-lmcw \nÀtZ- hÂIrX-k`
in¡ - p-¶Xv ImWm-\m-Ip-am-bnc- p-¶p. F¶m \njv]£ - a- mb Hcp hniI- e- \w t]mepw
kphn-ti-j-§-sftbm JpÀB\n-s\tbm D]-Po-hn¨v C¯cw ]p\Àhmb-\m-hm-Zn-I- krjvSn¨ Bi-b-¡-p-
sfm¶pw \nÀh-ln¨- n«- ns- Ã-¶X- mWv hkvXp-X. ]Icw amÀIvkn\v ]mI-amb Hcp tbip- g-¸§- Ä¡v apgp-
hn\v P·w \ÂIm-\pÅ Xo{h-bX- v\§ - f- mWv hntam-N\ ssZh-im-kv{X-Im-c³amcpsS h³ Ckvemw ]cn-
`mK¯p-\n¶p-­m-b-Xv. CXv ImcWw k`-bpsS hyXn-bm-\-§sf {]Xn-tj-[n-¡m³ lmcw \nÀtZ-in-¡p-
Hcps¼«-hÀ ]pXnb h{Io-I-c-W-§-fn-se-¯n-t¨À¶p. ¶Xv ImWm-\m-Ip-am-
aÀZ-nX P\-tIm-Sn-I-fpsS {]Xo-£-IÄ¡v \ndw ]IÀ¶v amÀIvknkw \ne-sIm- bn-cp-¶p. F¶mÂ
­nc- p¶ C¶-se-If- mWv hntam-N\ ssZhimkv{X-¯n\v DuSpw ]mhw s\bvXs- X¶v
]d-bmw. amÀIvknsâ hÀK-ka- c kn²m-´¯ - n BIr-jvSc- m-bn¯ - oÀ¶ Nne ]ptcm- \njv]-£-amb Hcp
ln-X³am-cmWv aX-s¯bpw Iayq-Wn-k-s¯bpw hnf-¡n-t¨À¡m³ {ian-¨-Xv. tbip- hni-Ie- \w t]mepw
hnsâ Z-uXyhpw ktµ-ihpw F´m-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶v kXy-k-Ô-ambn At\z-jn-¡p-¶- kphn-ti-j-§-
Xn\v ]Icw amÀIvknk-¯n-sâ auen-I-X-bn-eq¶n {InkvXp-hns\ \nÀhNn-¡m³ sftbm JpÀB\n-
{ian¨- h- À hmkvXh- ¯ - n X§-fd- nb- msX {]hm-NI- s- c-bp-t]-£n¨v amÀIvkns\ ]pW- s\tbm D]-Po-hn¨v
cp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. amÀIvknkhpw aXhpw c­v hncp² PohnX ho£-W-§-sf-bmWv
{]Zm\w sN¿p-¶s- X¶ kmam\y hkvXp-Xt- ]mepw Cu _l-f§ - Ä¡nS- b- n hnkva- C¯cw ]p\Àhmb-
cn-¡-s¸-«p. amÀIvknkw a®-Snªp- Ignª hÀ¯-am-\-¯n \n¶p-sIm­v Imcy- \m-hm-Zn-I-sfm¶pw
§sf A]-{K-Y-n-¡p-t¼mÄ Ime-L-«-¯nsâ Bh-iy-§Äs¡m¸n¨v \nXy-\q-X- \nÀh-ln-¨n-«n-sÃ-¶-
\XzapÅ aX-X¯ - z- §sf apdn¡- p-¶X- nse A]-IS- § - Ä kpXcmw t_m[y-am-Ip-¶p­v. XmWv hkvXp-X.
tbip Hcp a\p-jy\pw {]hm-NI- \pw am{X-am-bnc- p-¶p-sh¶ _nµp-hn Ckvemapw
hntam-N-\-ssZ-h-im-kv{Xhpw k-Ôn-¡p-¶p-­v. {]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-²hpw a\p-jy-Xz-hn-cp-²-
hp-amb CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ Ncn-{X-¯n-ep-S-\ofw \S-¯n-t¸m-¶n-«pÅ Øm]-\-hÂIrX
k`bpw tbip-{In-kvXp-hnsâ aXhpw X½n t]cn Ihnª kmZr-iy-§-sfm-¶p-an-
sö \nco-£W - hpw AwKo-Ic- n¡ - s- ¸-tS-­X- m-Ip-¶p. F¶m hniZ- mw-i§ - f- nt- e¡v
IS-¡p-t¼mÄ ]p\Àhm-b-\m-hm-Zn-I-fpsS \ne-]m-Sp-I-tfmSv apkvenwIÄ¡v hntbm-Pn-
¡m-Xn-cn¡m\mIn-Ã. ssZh-¯nsâ Zmk\pw ZqX-\p-amb Hcp ]cn-ip² {]hm-N-Is\
ssZh-]p-{X-þ-ssZ-h-]-Z-hn-I-fn-te-¡p-bÀ¯p-¶Xv hgn kw`-hn-¡p¶ hnizm-k-hy-Xn-bm-
\-¯ne- mWv JpÀ-B³ Du-¶p-¶X- .v "hntam-N\'¯nsâ-bm-fp-IÄ¡m-Is« Ia-yq-WnÌ]v \n
ImcWw ZnhyXzw aW-¡p¶ ]Z-{]-tbm-K-§Ä apgps¡ A{]-k-à-ambn A\p-`-h-
s¸-Sp-¶X- p-sIm-­mWv tbi-ph- ns\ a\p-jy-\m-t¡­n hcp-¶X- v. kaq-l¯ - nse Ah-
i-P-\- hn-`m-K-§-fpsS `uXn-I -hn-tam-N-\-¯n\v th­n-bpÅ ]cn-{i-a-§Ä ]c-tem-I-
hni- zmk- ¯
- ne- [- nj- vTnX- a- mb ]pWy-IÀa-§f- m-sW¶v Ckvemw ]Tn¸- n¡ - p-t¼mÄ NÀ¨-
2007 B-K-kv-äv- 11
 IÄ ]c-tem-I¯p-\n¶v Cl-tem-I-t¯¡v sIm­p-h-cm-\mWv hntam-N\ ssZh-
imkv{Xw {]mY-an-I-am-bn-¯s¶ Blzm\w sN¿p-¶-Xv.
ka-{K-sa¶v hnti-jn-¸n-¡s¸-Sp-¶- Hcp `uXnI {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-sa¶ \nebv-¡v
amÀIvknk¯ - ns- â sSÀant- \m-fP- nb- n hntam-N\ ssZh-im-k{v XI- m-c³amÀ¡v btYjvSw
{]hm-NI - \
- n \n¶v FSp-¯p-]t- bm-Kn¡ - m-hp¶ kwÚ-If- p-­m-bnc- p-¶p. {]hm-NI- X- zw, ssZh-cmPyw XpS-
aXw ]Tn-¡p-¶-Xn\v §nb sshZn-I-{]-tbm-K-§sf apgp-h³ aqe-[-\-¯nsâ aqi-bn hmÀ¡m-\pÅ {ia-
]Icw "]ptcm- §Ä \S-¶p. hntam-N-\-ssZ-h-imkv{X hàm-¡-fpsS `mj-bn "{]hm-N-I³' F¶
Ka\mXvaI-ambn' ]Zw `mhn-sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ kz]v\-§Ä s\bvXv Ime-L-«-¯nsâ Imep-jy-§Ä¡v
ssZh-s¯bpw `uXnI ]cn-lm-c-§Ä \nÀtZ-in-¡p¶ kmaqly hnaÀi-I-s\-bmWv tZymXn-¸n-¡p-¶-
Xv. tbip {]h-Nn¨ ssZh-cm-Py-am-Is« amÀIvkv hn`m-h\w sNbvX hÀK-c-lnX
ssZh-k-tµ-i-§- kaql(Classless society)-¯n\v kam-\-amb `qan-bnse kzÀK-amWv Xm\pw. {]hm-
sfbpw \nÀh-Nn-¡m- N-I³amÀ Ime-L«- ¯ - nsâ hÀK-þk- m-¼¯ - nI- LS-\I- f- m kzm[o-\n¡ - s- ¸-«h- c- m-b-
\pÅ ]cn-{i-a-§Ä Xn-\m Ah-cpsS Bi-b-§Ä¡v k\m-X-\Xzw IÂ]n-¨p-IqSm F¶ PÂ]\w IqSn-
Kpcp-X-c-amb hyXn- bm-Ip-t¼mÄ aX-¯n-\pÅ ih-¡¨ ]qÀW-am-Ip-¶p. kz´-amb km[-\-Ifpw Kth-
bm-\§- f- n-te¡v j-W-§fpw hgn \nÀ[-cn-s¨-Sp¯ \nK-a-\-§-fà {]hm-NI {]t_m-[-\-§-fpsS DÅ-
"Iayq-WnÌv S-¡s- a-¶X- n\- m Ah \ncp-]m-[nI kXy-§ - f- m-bnc- n¡
- p-sa¶pw amÀIvkv AS-¡a- pÅ
tbip'hnsâ hàm- _p²n-Po-hn-I-fpsS PÂ]-\-§Ä¡mWv Xosc A{]-am-Zn-Xz-an-Ãm-¯-sX-¶p-apÅ efn-
X-bp-àn-bpsS hnXm-\-¯n-te-¡p-b-cm³ t]mepw "{]Xy-b-imkv{X Cs\Àjy' hnim-
¡sf \bn-¡p¶p c-Z³amsc k½-Xn-¡p-¶n-Ã.
F¶-XmWv hÀ¯- hnizm-k-þ-IÀa taJ-e-IÄ {]am-W-\n-_-²-am-bn-cn-¡-W-sa¶ \njvIÀj Xosc-
am-\-Im-e-¯n-sâ bn-sÃ-¶p-Å-XmWv hntam-N-\-am-{K-ln-¡p¶h-cpsS ASn-Øm\ Zu-À_-eyw. tbip-
]¨-bmb bmYmÀY-y- hns\ A\p-[m-h\w sN¿p-¶-Xn\v ]Icw tbiphn-s³-d- ktµ-i-§sf ]pXnb Ime-
§-fnsem¶v. GI- ¯n\-\pKpW-ambn ]p\Àhym-Jym-\n-¡m-\pÅ Xzc hntam-N\ ssZh-im-kv{Xs¯
ssZ-h-hn-izm-khpw atX-X-c-_p²n Pohn-IÄ¡v {]nb-s¸-«-Xm¡n amäp-¶p. aX-ta-em-f³am-cpsS Nqj-W-
]c-tem-I-hn-Nm-c-§- §-tfmSv t]mcmSn hfÀ¶ tIc-f-¯nse kmwkvIm-cnI CS-Xp-]£w ^mZÀ hS-¡³
apXÂ _nj¸v ]utem-kv amÀ ]utemkv hsc-bp-Åh- c- psS \ne]- m-Sp-If- psS A´À
fp-sams¡ imJm-]- [m-c-Isf Xmtem-en-¡m-\pÅ Imc-W-an-Xm-Wv. aX-¯n\v \ÂI-s¸-«n-«pÅ hncp²
c-amb {]iv\-§- BJym-\§ - f- n ]ptcm-Ka- \ aqey-§sf kzmwio-Ic- n¡ - p¶ [mc en_t- d-j³ Xntbm-
fmbn a\-Ên-em-¡n-b- f-Pn-Ìp-I-fp-tS-Xm-sW¶v sI.- C.- F³ AS-¡-apÅ arZp-þ-Xo{h amÀIvknÌv ssk²m-
hÀ {InkvXpZuXy- ´n-IÀ ]d-ªp-t]m-¶n-«p-­v. {]Ir-X-¯n "Xmc-X-tay\' ]ptcm-K-a-\-]-chpw bpàn
¯nsâ auenI `{Zhpw BsW-¦nepw Ckvemw ]pXnb Ime-t¯¡v "^nä-Ãm-Xmbn' amdp-¶Xv aXw
XmÂ-]-cy-§-tfmSv AXnsâ BZna cq]-¯nÂXs¶ \ne\- n¡-Ws- a¶ imdyw sIm­m-sW¶pw hnhn-
[-Xcw ]£-hm-b\IÄ hgn s]®n\pw a®n\pw Iogm-f\- p-sams¡ shtÆsd ]pXnb
Xs¶ Gäp-ap-«p¶ Ckvemap-IÄ Is­-¯W - s- a¶pw hniZ- o-Ic- n¡ - p¶ tImf-anÌ- p-IÄ Hcp CkvemanI
amÀK-{`w-i-§-fn-e-I- hntam-N\ ssZh-imkv{Xw- krjvSn¡ - m-\m-{K-ln¡ - p-¶h- cpw AXne- p-]cn Ckvemansâ
s¸-«Xv kzm`m-hn-I- XIÀ¨ kz]v\w ImWp-¶-h-cp-am-Wv.
hp-am-bn-cp-¶p. {]hm-N-I-\n \n¶v aXw ]Tn-¡p-¶-Xn\v ]Icw "]ptcm-Ka\mXvaI-ambn' ssZh-
s¯bpw ssZh-kt- µ-i§ - s- fbpw \nÀh-Nn¡ - m-\pÅ ]cn{- i-a§ - Ä Kpcp-Xc- a- mb hyXn-
bm-\§ - f- nt- e¡v "Ia-yq-WnÌv tbip'hnsâ hàm-¡sf \bn¡- p¶p F¶-XmWv hÀ¯-
am-\-Im-e-¯n-sâ ]¨-bmb bmYmÀ°y-§-fnsem¶v. GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm-khpw ]c-tem-
I-hnN- m-c§- f- p-sams¡ imJm-]c- a- mb {]iv\§ - f- mbn a\-Êne- m-¡nb- h- À {InkXv pZuXy-
¯nsâ auenI XmÂ-]c- y-§t- fmSv Xs¶ Gäp-ap-«p¶ amÀK-{`w-i§ - f- ne- I- s- ¸-«Xv kzm`m-
hn-I-hp-am-bn-cp-¶p. ]mcn-Øn-XnI ZÀi-\w, kv{Xokzm-X{´yw XpS-§n-b-hsb tI{µo-
I-cn¨- pÅ ]pXnb NÀ¨-If- n ss{IkvXh- X- b- nÂ\n¶v hgn]- nc- nªv `mc-Xo-bX- b- psS
]£w tNcp¶ Im¸-\¨- sâ \ne]- m-Sp-IÄ \sÃmcpZml-cW - a- m-Wv. {]Ir-Xnt- bm-SpÅ
Nqj-W-§Ä¡v Adp-Xn-h-cp-¯m³ ssZhhpw {]Ir-Xnbpw a\p-jy\pw H¶p-X-s¶-
bm-sW¶ sslµh AssZz-Xzs¯ kzmwio-I-cn-¡p-I-bmWv th­-sX¶v At±lw
hmZn-¡p¶p! AÀ[-\m-co-izcn- k¦-Â-]-¯n-emWv kv{Xo]p-cpj ka-Xz-¯nsâ ]c-a-
ImjvT At±-l¯ - n\v ZÀin¡ - m-\m-Ip-¶Xv! tUm. Fw.P- n.F- kv. \mcm-bW - s- \bpw H.hn.
hnP-b-s\bpw t]mepÅ CSXv hncp-²À¡v Im¸³ {]nb-¦-c-\m-Im³ ImcWw A£-
2007 B-K-kv-äv- 12
c-§-fpsS Imhn-\ndw Xs¶-bm-I-Ww. ssZh-\n-tj[w hgn kwPm-X-am-Ip¶ CSXv
kwXr-]vXn¡pw AÔ-hn-izmk {]N-mc-W-w hgn Ic-K-X-am-Ip¶ heXv Xtem-S-ep-
IÄ¡pw \Sp-hn sRcn-ª-aÀ¶v acWw kw`-hn-¡p-¶Xv {]]© {kjvSmhpw
k¼qÀWmÀY-¯n GI-\p-amb ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-s\-¡p-dn¨v \nc-´cw kwkm-cn-¨p-
t]m¶ tbip-{Ink- vXp-hnsâ \ne]- m-Sp-IÄ¡mWv F¶Xv ]p\Àhmb\m hnZK- v[³amÀ
ad-¡m-Xn-cp-¶m \¶v. cXn A\-`n-e-j-Wo-b-
`uXnI {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-§fpw ]ptcm-lnX aX-§fpw A]-am-\-ho-I-c-W-¯n\v am-sW-¶mWv
am{Xsa \nan-¯-am-hp-I-bpÅq F¶v Xncn-¨-dn-bm³ Ign-bm-Xn-cp-¶-XmWv hntam-N\ ]utem-kn-b³ ZÀi-
ssZh-im-kv{X-¯nsâ Gähpw henb sXäv. [Àam-[Àa-§sf IWn-i-ambn hI-Xn- \w. `mc-Xob ZmÀi-
cn¨v am\-hn-I-X-bpsS Kncn-irw-J-§-fn-te¡v a\p-jys\ hgn \S-¯p-hm³ kÀh- \n-I-X-bpsS DÄ]n-cn-
temI {kjvSm-hnsâ amÀK-ZÀi-\-¯n\v am{Xsa Ign-bq. k`-bpsS am\-hnI hncp-²-
amb \ne]- m-Sp-IÄ¡v ]cnl- m-ca- t- \zj- n¨v hntam-N\ ssZh-im-kv{X-Im-c³amÀ F¯n- hp-If- n-em-Is« hgn-
s¸-«Xv IqSp-XÂ henb Ccp-«p-If- ne- m-bnc- p-¶p. Xa-ÊnÂ\n¶v Xa-Ênt- e-¡pÅ hntam- hn« Ima-tI-fn-
N\ {]bm-W-¯n\v km£n-\n¡p-¶-XmWv AXn-sâ hàm-¡-fpsS Hmtcm hni-I- IÄ¡v CSw e`n-
e-\-§-fpw. ¡p¶ XW-ep-I-fp-
ssewKn-I-X-bpsS Imcy-sa-Sp-¡p-I. cXn A\-`n-e-j-Wo-b-am-sW-¶mWv ]utem- ­v. enwKm-cm-[\ - bpw
kn-b³ ZÀi-\w. `mc-Xob ZmÀi-\n-I-X-bpsS DÄ]n-cn-hp-I-fn-em-Is« hgn-hn« Ima-tI- Ima-tZ-h-k-
fnI- Ä¡v CSw e`n¡ - p¶ XW-ep-If- p-­v. enwKm-cm-[\- bpw Ima-tZ-hk- ¦- Â]hpw tZh- ¦Â]hpw tZh-
Zmko k{¼-Zm-bhpw Aizt- a-[b- m-Khpw kwL-cX- nb- psS Xm{´nI ZÀi-\hpw hmÕym- Zmko k{¼-Zm-bhpw
b--\sâ Imakq{Xhpw \nd-ªm-Snb kmwkvIm-cnI ]mc-¼-cy-¯nsâ hàm-¡Ä¡v
Ch-bv-s¡m-s¡bpw Ah-cp-tS-Xmb Xe-¯n \n¶p-sIm-­pÅ \ymbo-I-c-W-§-fp- Aiz-ta-[-bm-Khpw
­v. Cu c­v BXy-´n-I-X-Ifpw am\-hn-I-Xbv-¡v hncp-²-am-sW¶v \ap-¡-dn-bmw. kwL-c-Xn-bpsS
cXn`- m-h§ - sf \in¸- n¡- m³ {ian¡- p-¶X- nse A]-am-\h- nI- c- Ww Xncn¨- d- nb- p¶ Im¸- Xm{´nI ZÀi-\hpw
\-¨³ ]t£,- A\n-b-{´n-X-amb cXnsb BtLm-jn-¡p¶ A]-I-S-I-c-amb X¯-z- hmÕym-b-\sâ
im-kv{Xs¯ ÇmLn-¡p¶p! ("Ass{I-kvX-h-\mb tbip-hn-s\ -tXSn' F¶ ^mZÀ Imakq{Xhpw \nd-
Fkv. Im¸sâ ]pkvXIw ImWp-I-; -{]-km-[\w: am\pjw ]»n-t¡-j³kv). kwt`m- ªm-Snb kmwkvIm-
Km-h-Ø-IÄ t]mepw aX-]-c-amb {]m[m-\y-t¯mSv IqSn ]¨-bmbn Bhn-jvI-cn-¡- cnI ]mc-¼c- y-¯nsâ
s¸-«n«- pÅ {]mNo\ `mc-Xo-bc- psS Kplm-Nn- {X-§f- nt- e¡pw inÂ]§-fnt- e¡pw It®m-
Sn-¡p¶ km[m-c-W-¡m-c\v e`n-¡p¶ Xncn-¨-dnhv t]mepw Im¸\v "`mc-Xo-bX'sb hàm-¡Ä¡v Ch-
kw_-Ôn¨v e`n-¡msX t]mIp-¶p. AwKo-Ir-X-amb ssaYp\ coXn-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn¨v bvs- ¡m-s¡bpw
\nba- h- nt- [-ba- mbn hnIm-c]- qÀ¯o-Ic- Ww tXSp-¶Xv A\p-hZ- \- o-bhpw ]pWy-IÀahpw Ah-cp-tS-Xmb Xe-
BsW¶v ]Tn-¸n¨- JpÀ-B\pw {]hm-N-I-N-cybpw Acm-P-I-Xz-¯n\v hgn-sh-¡p¶ ¯n \n¶p-sIm-
ssewKnI- m-`m-k§ - sf ià-ambn hne¡ - p-¶p. Cu a[y-a\- ne- ]- mSv am{X-amWv hmkvX- ­pÅ \ymbo-I-c-W-
h-¯n am\-hn-I-am-bn-«p-ÅXv. ]utem-kns\ amän-\nÀ¯n tbip-hn-s\bpw AXp- §-fp-­v.
hgn At±-l¯ - nsâ ]n³Kmanb- mbn IS-¶p-h¶ apl-½Zv \_n(-e)-sbbpw Adnb- m³
hntam-N\ ssZhimkv{X-Im-c³amÀ¡v Ignª - nc- p-s¶-¦n Poh {]iv\§fn apgp-
h³ aXw am\-hn-I-X-bpsS CXÄ hncn-bn-¡p-¶Xv AhÀ¡v Is­-¯m-\m-Ip-am-bn-cp-
¶p.
Cukm-\_- n(u - )-bpsS PohnX- hpw ktµ-ihpw Ah-{I-hpw A\yq-\h- p-ambn Ah-
X-cn-¸n-¡p¶ hnip-²-JpÀ-B-\ns\ Kuc-h-]qÀW-amb hmb-\¡v hnt[-b-am-¡-W-sa-
¶mWv {InkvXp-hns- \-t¯-Snb- e- b- p-¶h- t- cmSv apgp-h³ \ap¡v ]d-bm-\p-ÅpXv. kwip-
²-amb GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[\- bpw ZnhyXzw Ie-cm¯ {]hm-NI- X- zhpw kzÀKþ\-cI- § - f- n-
epÅ Dd¨ hnizm-khpw {]t_m-[\w sNbvX Ncn-{X-]p-cp-jsâ hntam-N\ ZÀi\w
kzmwio-Ic- n¡ - m-\m-bm \njvIf-¦c- mb {InkvXp-aX- h- ni- zmk- nI- Ä¡v {InkvXp-hnsâ
aX-amb Ckveman-se-¯n-t¨-cm³ Ign-bpw. hn-ip-²- JpÀ-B³ ]d-ªp:- " XoÀ¨bm-
bpw thZ-¡m-cn Hcp hn`m-K-ap-­v. AÃm-lp-hnepw \n§Ä¡-h-X-cn-¸n-¡-s¸-«-Xnepw
AhÀ¡-h-X-cn-¸n-¡-s¸-«-Xnepw AÃm-lp-hn-t\mSv Xmgva-bp-Å-h-cm-bn-s¡-m­v AhÀ
hniz-kn-¡pw. AÃm-lp-hnsâ hN-\-§Ä hnäv AhÀ X-pÑ-amb hne -hm-§p-I-bn-Ã.
AhÀ¡m-Ip¶p X§-fpsS c£-n-Xm-hn-¦Â Ah-cpsS {]Xn-^-e-ap-ÅX-v-' - (3:199).
2007 B-K-kv-äv- 13
 bpàn-hmZw:
Nne D¯-cm-[p-\nI hnNm-c-§Ä
" temIs¯ Ah-km-\s¯ ssZh
hnizm-kn-bm-bn-cn¡pw BZys¯ bpàn-
hmZn' F¶v ]d-ªXv CwKÀtkmÄ Bbn-
cp-¶p. CwKÀtkm-fnsâ Cu \nco-£-
Ws¯ HcÂ]w ^enXw IeÀ¶-Xmtb
(1)
\ap¡v ImWm³ Ign-bpw. Cu {]kvXm-
h\ \mw Kuc-h-¯n-se-Sp-¡p-I-bm-sW-
¦n temI¯v CXp-h-scbpw Hcp
bpànhmZn ]nd-¶n-«n-söv ]d-tb-­n-h-
cpw. ssZh-¯nepw aX-¯ne- p-apÅ hyàn-
I-fpsS hnizmkw Zn\w-{]Xn hÀ[-n-¨p-h-
cn-I-bmWv F¶v ]T-\-§Ä sXf-n-bn-¡p-
¶p. Ah-km-\s¯ ssZh-hn-izm-kn-
bnÂ\n¶v XnIs- hm¯ BZys¯ bpàn-
hm-Zn-bpsS hwi-]-c-¼c F®n-¯p-S-§p-
hm³ Im¯n-cp¶ ]mÝmXy aX-\n-tj-
2007 B-K-kv-äv-
Cl-vkm³
B[p-\nI PohnXw- aX-
[n-IÄ At¼ ]cm-P-b-s¸«p F¶mWv CXn-\ÀY- s¯bpw hnizm-k-§-sfbpw
w. a\p-jy-cm-inb- n \n¶v hnizmk- hpw ssZh-t_m- _ln-jvI-cn-¡p-Itbm XÅn-
[hpw aX-¯n-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb Nn´-Ifpw ]qÀW- ¡-fb- p-Itbm AÃ sN¿p-¶-
ambpw \in-¨p-t]m-Ip¶ Hcp Imes¯¡pdn-¨pÅ Xv. ]qÀh-m[- nI- a- pÅ A`n\- n-
In\m-hp-IÄ¡p-t]mepw B[p-\nI a\p-jysâ th-i-t¯m-sSbpw XmÂ]-cy-
Xncn-¨p-t]m-¡p-IÄ¡v thK-X-tb-dnb Ime-amWv t¯m-sSbpw aX-¯nsâ
D¯-cm-[p-\nIL«w. ]ecpw [cn-¡p-Ibpw [cn-¸n- Bßob PohnX- ¯ - ns- âbpw
¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-Xp-t]mse B[p-\nI PohnX-w km[yX- I- f- nt- e¡p Xncn¨- p-
aX-s¯bpw hnizm-k-§-sfbpw _ln-jvI-cn-¡p- t]m-Im-\mWv B[p-\nI a\p-
Itbm XÅn¡- f- b- p-Itbm AÃ sN¿p-¶X- .v ]qÀh-m- jy³ {ian¡- p-¶X- v.
[nI- a- pÅ A`n\- nt- h-it- ¯m-sSbpw XmÂ]-cy-t¯m-
sSbpw aX-¯nsâ Bßob Pohn-X-¯n-sâbpw
km[y-XI- f- nt- e¡p Xncn¨- p-t]m-Im-\mWv B[p-\nI
a\p-jy³ {ian-¡p-¶-Xv. B[p-\n-I-Xsb ap³\nÀ
¯n aX-¯n\v Ah-km-\hpw atX-Xc am\-hn-I-
X¡v Bcw-`-hp-ambn F¶v hnNm-cn-¨-hÀ¡p IW-
14
¡p-IÄ ]ng-¡p-I-bpw, ]pXnb \qäm­v
imkv{Xm-[nj- Tv nX am\-hnI- X- bpw ]ng¡- p-
Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶p.
Xncn-¨p-t]m¡v: Hc-hI - m-ih- m-Za- Ã
B[p-\nI a\p-jy-cmin hnizm-kw,
aXw, Bßo-bX F¶n-h-bn-te¡p Xncn-
¨p-t]m-Ip¶p F¶Xv hnizmk- m-[nj- vTnX
at\m-`m-ha- p-Åh- c- psS Hcp Ah-Im-ih- mZw
am{X-amWv F¶v {]XnI- c- n¡ - s- ¸-Sm-\nS- b- p-
­v. F¶m 1990-þ-IÄ¡p-tijw \S-¶n-
«pÅ Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\v kmaq-ly-þ-a-\x-
imkv{X ]T-\-§Ä CXv Ah-Im-i-hmZw
am{X-as- öp sXfnb- n¡ - p-¶h- b- m-Wv. 1953-
þÂ PÀa-\n-bnse {]^-kÀ eqYÀ slÂ
ap«vkv \S-¯nb ]T-\-¯n ]mÝmXy
kaq-l§ - f- n ssZh-hni- zmkw iàn{- ]m-
]n¡- p-Ib- m-Wv- F¶v At±lw Is­-¯n-
bn-cp-¶p. {^m³kv, Cä-en, PÀa\n F¶o
aq¶p cmjv{S-§-fnse kmaqly Pohn-X-
¯nse Ne-\-§sf ASn-Øm-\-am-¡n-
bmWv At±lw ]T\w \S-¯n-b-Xv. PÀa-
\nb- nse " C³Ìnäyq«v Hm^v tkmjyÂÌ
Uokv' F¶ Øm]\w Cu ]T\w {]kn-
²o-I-cn-¡p-I-bp-­m-bn.- 1990-þs\ Hcp
ASn-Øm\ hÀj-ambn kzoI-cn-¡p-I-bm-
(2)
sW-¦n 2005 IqSnb A¼-¯n-b©v
hÀj-§Ä¡nSb- n Cu kz`m-ht- ¯mSp
IqSnb 3639 ]T\ {]_-Ô-§Ä {]kn-
²-o-I-cn-¡-s¸-«n-«p­.-v imkv{Xhpw am\-
hnI- m-ht- _m-[§ - fpw aX-t¯m-SpÅ ssh
(3)
ap-Jyhpw B[n-]Xyw sNep-¯p-Ibpw
Ccp-]Xmw \qäm­v Ah-km-\n¡ - p-t¼mÄ
aX-¯nsâ Ah-km-\s¯ IWn-Ibpw
A{]-Xy-£-am-Ip-sa¶v ]mÝm-Xy-bp-àn-
hm-Zn-I-fn NneÀ A`n-{]m-b-s¸-Sp-Ibpw
sNbvX cmjv{S-§f- nse P\-hn`- m-K§ - Ä
¡n-S-bn-emWv taÂ]-d-ª 3639 ]T-\-§
(4)
fpw \S-¶n«- p-ÅXv F¶Xv Gsd {it²-b-
am-Wv. aX-¯nsâ Xncn¨- p-hc- hv F¶v Cu
]T-\-§-fn \n¶pÅ BXy-´n-I-hn-h-c-
§sf hnti-jn-¸n-¡m-h-X-sÃ-¦nepw
hnizmkw ]cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-¶nà F¶ Xncn-
¨-dnh- ns\ ASnh- c- b- nS- p-¶h- b- mWv Ahbp
sS Is­-¯e- p-IÄ.- a\p-jy-cm-inb- psS,-
aX-¯n-te¡pw hnizm-k-¯n-te-¡p-apÅ
(5)
Xncn-¨p-t]m¡v XnI¨pw Hc-h-Im-i-hmZw
am{X-amWv F¶v BÀ¡pw ]d-bm-\m-hnÃ.
icn¡pw F´mWv- kw`-hn-¡p-¶Xv?-
" icn¡pw F´mWv kw`-hn¡- p-¶Xv?'
Fs¶mcp tNmZyw Ignª - - ]-Xnä- m-­p-I-
2007 B-K-kv-äv-
fnse ]e tlmf-n-hpUv kn\n-a-I-fnepw BhÀ¯n-
¡p-¶p-sh¶v Cw¥-­nse {Sokm- F-en-k-_¯v
F¶ a\x-imkv{XÚ Nq­n-¡m-«p-¶p-­v.- Cu
tNmZyw ]s¯m³]Xmw \qäm­p apXÂ a\p-jy-
(6)
cm-in-bn Npän-¡-d-§p¶ H¶m-Wv. a\p-jy-cm-in-
bpsS Pohn-Xw, IÀa--ta-J-e-IÄ, imkv{Xw, km¼-
¯nI hym]-c-W-§Ä F¶n-h-sb-sbm-s¡bpw
Nqgv¶p \n¡p¶ A\nÝ - nX- X- z§
- f- n \n¶mWv
Cu tNmZyw BhnÀ`-hn-¡p-¶Xv F¶mWv {Sokm -
F-en-k-_-¯nsâ Is­-¯Â. Pohn-X-¯nse
A\n-Ýn-XXzw Bcw-`n-¡p-¶Xv B[p-\nIhÂI-c-
W-¯nsâ XpSÀ¨-bm-bn-«m-sW¶v dÊ hfsc
t\cs¯ Nq­n-¡m-«n-bn-cp-¶p. ]s¯m³]Xmw
\qäm-­nse hymh-km-bnI hn¹-hhpw AXnsâ
(7)
XpSÀ¨-bmbn BhnÀ`-hn¨ B[p-\nI Pohn-Xhpw
\thm-°m\ taÂhn-em-k-¯n cwK-¯p-h¶
\ntj-[mXvaIX Nn´I- fpw PohnX- s¯ A\nÝ - n-
X-Xz-¯n AI-s¸-Sp-¯n. C¯cw A\n-Ýn-X-Xz-
§-fmWv " icn¡pw F´mWv kw`-hn-¡p-¶Xv?' a\p-jy-cm-in-tbm-sSm¸w
F¶ tNmZys¯ Ah-ti-jn-¸n-¨-Xv. tlmfn-hpUv BhnÀ`h-n¨ - X
- mWv
kn\na- I- f- nse Hcp Øncw kw`m-jW iI-ea- mbn imkv{Xhpw F¶mWv
Cu tNmZyw IS-¶p-Iq-Snb- X- n\p Imc-Ww, A¯cw {]kvXpX imkv{X Ncn-{X-ho-
Ne-¨n-{X-§-f-nse a\pjy Pohn-X-¯sâ IqSnb £-W-¯nsâ ASn-Øm-\w.
tXmXn-epÅ bm{´nI ]cn-hÀ¯-\-am-Wv. ¢nâ v F¶m Xncp-¯Âhm-Zn-I-
CuÌvhpUv F¶ tlmfn-hpUv \S³ CS-¡m-e¯v
fmb Hcp ]äw Nn´-I³amÀ
{]I-Sn-¸n¨ Hc-`n-{]mbw D²-cn¨p ]d-bp-I-bm-sW- A`n-{]m-b-s¸-«Xv imkv{X-
¦n " tlmfnh- pUv kn\na- ¡ - I- ¯pw ]pd¯pw a\p ¯nsâ {Iam-\p-K-X-amb ]cn-
jyPohnXw Hcp Ne-¨n-{X-¯n\v- D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶
At\Iw bm{´nI D]-I-c-W-§-fn Hcp am{X-am- Wmaw Bcw-`n-¡p-¶Xv ]Xn-
bn-¯oÀ¶n-cn-¡p¶p'' F¶Xv Hcp bmYmÀY-yw
t\gmw \qäm­ - - n-epw, imkv{Xw
am{X-am-Wv. Pohn-X-¯nsâ ssPhn-I-X-bnÂ\n¶v
(8)
AXnsâ ssii-h-Z-i-bn-se-
bm{´nI- X- b- nt- e-¡pÅ Cu ]cnW - m-aa- mWv- C¯cw ¯p-¶Xv ]s¯m-¼Xmw \qäm-
Kpcp-Xc- a- mb tNmZy-§sf \ne\- nÀ¯p-¶X- v. {]mNo
\ Ah-t_m-[-§-fn-te¡v Xncn-¨p-t]m-Im-\pÅ
t{]c-WI- f- n C¯cw tNmZy-§fpw DÄs¸-Sp-¶p.
]cm-Pb - s- ¸« {]h-N\- §
- Ä
imkv{X-¯n\v Hcm-cw-`-an-söv anJm-tbÂ
tjmÀZvkn³ F¶ djy³ imkv{X-Nn´- I- ³ A`n-
{]m-b-s¸-«n-cp¶p. {]mNo-\-amb Hcp imkv{X-N-
cn{X ho£-W-am-W-Xv. a\p-jy-cm-in-tbm-sSm¸w
(9)
BhnÀ`n¨- X- mWv imkv{Xhpw F¶mWv {]kvXpX
imkv{X Ncn-{X-ho-£-W-¯nsâ ASn-Øm-\w.
F¶m Xncp-¯Âhm-ZnI- f- mb Hcp ]äw Nn´I- ³
amÀ A`n-{]m-b-s¸-«Xv imkv{X-¯nsâ {Iam-\p-K-
X-amb ]cnW - maw Bcw-`n¡- p-¶Xv ]Xnt- \gmw \qäm-
­
- ne- pw, imkv{Xw AXnsâ ssii-hZ- i- b- ns- e-¯p-
¶Xv ]s¯m-¼Xmw \qäm-­nepw BsW-¶m-Wv.
am\-h-N-cn-{X-¯n ]pXnb Bi-b-§fpw Nn´m-
K-XnI- fpw hnXc- Ww sNbvXp-sIm­v ]s¯m-¼Xmw
\qäm­v khnt- i-ja- mb Nne ]¦m-fn¯ - §- Ä hln-
15
¨n«- p-­v. bqtdm-¸n kw`-hn¨ \thm-°m-
\-¯nsâ aqeymw-i-§fpw aX-k-aq-l-§-
fn BhnÀ`-hn¨ PoÀW-X-s¡-Xn-cmb
Ah-t_m-[-§-fpsS LS-I-§f-pw ^yqU-
en-k-¯nÂ\n-¶pÅ hntam-N-\-¯n-eqsS
kw`-hn¨ P\m-[n-]-Xy-¯n-te-¡pÅ
IpXn-¨p-Nm-«hpw H¯p-h-¶-t¸mÄ CXm-
am-\-h-cmin ]pXnb BIm-ihpw `qanbpw
tXSp-I-bmWv F¶p NneÀ sXän-²-cn-¨p.
aX-§f- pw hnizmk- § - f- pw aX-¯n ASn-
¯-d-bn-«p-sIm-­pÅ PohnX{Ia-§fpw
_lnjvI-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bmWv F¶pw
{]mNo-\-amb aqey-§Ä ¡pw a\p-jy-Po-
hnX- s¯ kzm[o-\n¨- nc- p ¶ {]mNo\ LS-
I-§Ä¡pw XIÀ¨ kw`-hn¡- m³ t]mhp-
I-bmWv F¶pw ]ecpw sXän²- c- n¨- p. Cu
sXän-²m-c-W-bpsS ^e-am-bn-«mWv aXw
Ah-km-\n-¨p, Cuiz-c³ acn¨p a®-Sn-
ªp, hnizm-k-¯nsâ ]IÂ AkvX-an-
¨p-t]mbn XpS-§nb Nne ktµ-i-§Ä
aX-\n-tj-[n-I fpw imkv{Xh- m-ZnI- fpw D¶-
bn¨- Xv.- icn¡pw Hcp ]pXnb- I- m-e¯ - nsâ
BhnÀ`mh- a mWv ]s¯m³]Xmw
(10)
\qäm­v F¶p ]ecpw {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-I-
bp-­m-bn. Imcy-§Ä Cu coXn-bnÂ
(11)
Xs¶-btà \o§p-¶s- X¶v ]ecpw sXän-
²-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
F¶m C¯cw {]h-N\- § - Ä¡\p-
k-cn¨- à Imcy-§Ä \o§nb- X- .v ]s¯m³
]Xmw \qäm-­nepw Ccp-]Xmw \qäm-­n
sâ BZy-]I- p-Xnb- ne- p-ambn temI¯v ]e
]pXnb {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-§fpw Nn´m-[m-
c-Ifpw BhnÀ`-hn¨- p-sh-¦nepw Ahbv¡p
a\p-jy-cm-inb- n Imcy-am{X {]k-ৠ- -
fmb kzm[o-\§ - f- p-­m-¡m³ km[n¨- nÃ- .
`uXnI {]Øm-\§ - fpw `uXnI- h- m-Zþ- \- o-
co-izc Nn´m-[m-cI- f- p-ambn cwK¯p h¶
]eXpw am\-hc- m-inb- psS `mK-t[bw \nÀ
W-bn-¡p¶ Imcy¯n At¼- ]-cm-P-b-
s¸-Sp-Ibpw Ah-bp- b- À¯nb Xm¡m-en-
I-amb A`n\- nt- h-i§ - Ä sI«-S§ - nt- ¸m-hp-
Ibpw sNbvXp. a\p-jys\ `uXn-I-ambn
\nÀh-Nn¡ - m-\m-Wv Ch-sbms¡ {ian¨- X- v.
a\p-jys\ `uXn-I-ambn \nÀh-Nn-¡pI
F¶Xv Ahs\ ASna- pSn `uXnI- h- ÂIcn-
¡p¶ kz`m-h-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
a\p-jysâ BhnÀ`m-hw, ]cnW - m-aw, \mK-
cn-I-X, kmaq-ln-I-X, Ncn-{Xw, Nn´m-K-
Xn-IÄ, Pohn-X-¯nsâ e£yw F¶n-h-
bns- ems¡ `uXnI- h- o-£W - §
- f- p-sS-Xmb
2007 B-K-kv-äv-
AXn{- ]-kc- a- p-­m-bn. ]cnW - m-ah- m-Z¯- n\p imkv{Xo-
b-ap-J-Omb \ÂIn-b-Xpw a\p-jy-s\-¡p-dn-¨pÅ
hwi-im-kv{X-]-c-amb ]T-\-¯nsâ B[m-c-in-e-
bmbn ]cn-Wm-a-hmZw {]Xn-jvTn-¡-s¸-«Xpw a\p-
jys\ `uXnI- a- mbn ]p\À \nÀh-Nn¡ - m-\pÅ {ia-
¯nsâ `mKw Xs¶-bm-bn-cp-¶p. imkv{Xo-b-amb
k¼qÀW- \nÀh-N\¯neqsS am{Xsa a\p-jy-
Po-hn-Xs¯ ]cn-hÀ¯n-¸n-¡p¶ ASn-Øm\
(12)
{]m[m-\y-apÅ Bi-b-§Ä Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-hm³
km[n-¡p-I-bpÅq F¶ \ne-]m-Sns\ ASn-Øm-\-
am-¡n-bm-bn-cp¶p ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zs¯ AwKo-I-cn-¨p-
sIm- ­ pÅ ]pXnb a\pjy\nÀh- N - \ - § Ä
BhnÀ`-hn-¨-Xv. C¯cw D]-cn-¹h \nÀh-N-\-§Ä
X¯-z-Nn-´-bpsS taJ-e-bn Adn-b-s¸-Sp¶ ]e-
scbpw kzm[o-\n¡ - p-Ib- p-­m-bn. Nn´n¡ - p¶ arKw
F¶v a\p-jy³- \nÀh-Nn¡- s¸-«Xpw {]kvXpX
\nÀh-N\w _À{Sm³äv dÊ-en-sâ-bpw {Ko³t]mÄ
kmÀYvsdbp-sSbpw t]cn {]N-cn-¸n-¡-s¸-«-Xpw
CXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv. ]cn-Wm-an-bmb Hcp P´p ]s¯m³]Xmw \qäm-­nepw
{]I-Sn-¸n-¡p¶ khn-ti-j-amb Hcp -tijn-am-{X-
amWv Nn´m-io-e-sa¶v Cu \nÀh-N\w AÀ°- Ccp-]Xmw \qäm-­nsâ BZy-
am¡n. ]-Ip-Xn-bn-ep-ambn temI¯v
(- 13)
P´pþ-a-\pjy Zzµ-¯n-\n-S-bn Fhn-sStbm ]e ]pXnb {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-
\n¶v Bcw-`n-¡p¶ k¦oÀWX-bmWv a\p-jy-\n-
epÅsX¶pw AXn-ep-]-cn-bmb Xe-§-sfm¶pw §fpw Nn´m-[m-c-Ifpw
a\p-jys\ hebw sNbvXp \n¡p¶ {]Xn-`mk BhnÀ`-hn-¨p-sh-¦nepw
§-Ä¡n-sÃ-¶p-amWv `uXnI Nn´-bpw ]cn-Wm-a- Ahbv¡p a\p-jy-cm-in-bnÂ
hm-Zh- pw `uXnI- h- m-Z¯ - ne- q-¶nb ]mÝmXy X¯-z-
Nn-´-bpw kam-´-c -{]Xyimkv{X-§fpw Hcp-an-¨- Imcy-am{X {]k-à-§-fmb
Wn\- nc- ¶- p-\n¶- p-sIm­v hmZn¨- X- .v a\p-jys\ `uXn- kzm[o-\-§-fp-­m-¡m³
I-ambn \nÀh-Nn-¡p-hm³ Ah-ew-_n¨ am\-Z-Þ-
§-fp-sSbpw imkv{X-Om-bb- pÅ ImÂ]-\nI hmZ- km[n-¨n-Ã.
§-fp-sSbpw B´-c -L-S-\-¡-I-¯p-­m-bn-cp¶
At\Iw {]iv\§ - fpw {]Xnk- Ô - nI- fpw Ah-KW- n-
¡-s¸-«p. DZm-lc- W - a- mbn a\p-jy³ P´p-hÀK-¯n
 \n¶pÅ Hcp ]cnW - nX cq]-am-sW-¶pw a\pjy
³ khn-ti-j-amb Hcp krjvSn-b-sÃ-¶p-apÅ hmZ-
K-Xn-IÄ¡mbn Ah-ew-_n-¡-s¸« ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Z-
¯n\v imkv{Xsa¶ \ne-bn AwKo-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-
¶-Xn\v ]e XS-Ê-§fpw D­m-bn-cp-¶p. hkvXp-
\nj- vTX- b- p-sSbpw Úm\m-[nj- vTnX- a- mb hniI- e- -
\-§-fp-sSbpw klm-b-t¯m-sS-bpÅ {]Xn-]m-Z-\
hpw BhnjvIm- c-hp-ambncp¶nà ]cnW - ma imkv{X-
¯nt- â-Xv. Dulm-[nj- vTnX- hpw km¦Â]nIh- p-amb
{]Xn-]m-Zy-§Ä ]cn-Wm-a- im-kv{X-¯nsâ DÅ-S-
¡-¯n D­m-bnc- p-¶p. F¶n«pw AXv a\p-jys\
-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Gähpw B[n-Im-cn-I-amb \nÀh-N-\-
imkv{Xw F¶p hnti-jn¸- n¡ - s- ¸-«p. aX-¯n\pw
hnizm-km-[n-jvTn-X-amb aqey-L-S-\-¡p-sa-Xn-cmb
(14)
\o¡-§-fn kp{]-[m-\-amb Hcp-]m[n F¶ \ne-
16
bn ]cnW - m-ah- mZw D]-tbm-Kn¡- s- ¸-«p-sh-
¦nepw AXn\v kmam\y P\-§-fnÂ
th­{X Cd-§n-s¨-Ãp-hm³ Ign-ªn-Ã.
]cnW- m-ah- m-Z¯ - nsâ ASn¯ - d- b- n ]Wn-
Xp-bÀ¯nb ]mÝmXy \nco-izc Nn´-I-
fpsS Gähpw henb ]cm-P-bhpw AXp
Xs¶-bm-bn-cp-¶p. " ssZh-¯n\p ]Icw
]cn-Wmaw'' F¶ Nn´m-KXn ]mÝm-Xy-
bp-àn-hm-Zn-IÄ¡p-t]mepw AwKo-I-cn-
¡m³ km[n¡ - p-am-bnc- p-¶nÃ- . \nco-izc- h- m-
Z-¯n\v ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Z-¯nsâ Bh-iy-an-
söp ]ecpw ]d-ªXv AXp-sIm-­m-
bn-cp-¶p.
]cn-Wm-a-im-kv{X-¯ns³d- ]n´p-W-
tbm-Sp-IqSn ssZhs¯ ]pdw-X-Åp-hm³
a\p-jy-cm-in¡p km[n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p-sh-
¶pw, ssZhw ]pdw-X-Å-s¸-«-tXm-Sp-IqSn
aXw AXnsâ ASn-¯-d-tbmsS A{]-Xy-
£-am-bnc- n¡- p-¶p-sh¶pw Nn´n¨- p-sIm­v
\nco-izc- h- m-ZnI- fpw bpành- m-ZnI- fpw ]pXn
b temIw kz]v\w I­p cwK-¯p-h-¶p.
A¯cw kz]\v § - Ä¡v am\-hc- m-inb- psS
at\m aÞ-e¯ - n kzm[o-\a- p-d¸- n¡- m³
]ecpw hÃmsX ]Wn-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbv
Xp. " ]pXnb \qäm-­v, ]pXnb a\p-jycm-
in, ]pXnb am\-hn-IX'' F¶ ap{Zm-
hmIyw B[p-\nI a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS
(15)
hne-s¸« ktµ-i-hm-Iy-amWv F¶p
]ecpw [mÀjv-S-y-t¯msS {]N-cn-¸n-¨p.
CXm a\p-jy³ BsIbpw amdm³ t]mhp-
I-bmWv F¶p ]ecpw In\m-hp-I­p \S-
¶p. `uXnI- {- ]X- y-bi- m-k{v X§ - Ä krjvSn
¨-p-hn« ambn-I-X-I-fpsS DÄLS-I-§Ä
F¶ \ne-bn a\pjy kzXz-¯nsâ
k¦oÀW-X- I- sf kpµ-ca- mbn \nÀh-Nn¡ - p
¶ AkvXn-Xz-hmZw t]mse-bpÅ ZmÀi-
\nI ZpÀ{Kl-X-Ifpw kPo-h-ambn cwK-
¯p-h-¶p.
F¶m _l-fa- b-am- b Cu kz]v\m-
tLm-j-§Ä s]s«-¶p-Xs¶ AkvX-an-
¡p-¶X- mWv Ccp-]X- mw-\q-äm-­nsâ BZy-
]-Ip-Xnb- nÂXs¶ temIw ZÀin¨- X- v. ]cn-
Wm-a-hm-Z-¯n\v DÅp-d-¸n-söv temIw
Xncn-¨-dn-ªp. a\p-jys\ `uXn-I-ambn-
\nÀh-Nn¡ - pI Akm-[y-sa¶v ]ecpw a\-
Ên-em-¡n. k¼¯pw imkv{Xob ]ptcm-
K-Xnbpw am{X-aà Pohn-X-¯nsâ BsI-
¯p-I-Isf \nÝ-bn-¡p-¶-sX¶ Xncn-¨-
dn-hp-­m-bn. a\p-jy-\nÀa-nX X¯-z-im-kv
{X-§Ä¡pw {]Xyb imkv{X-§Ä¡pw
2007 B-K-kv-äv-
a\p-jy-cm-ins- b- hnt- am-Nn¸- n¡- m-\m-hns- Ã ¶v t_m[-
ap-­m-bn. A{]-Xy-£-am-¡nb ssZhw Fhns- Sbpw
t]mbn«- ns- öpw ssZhw \njv{]-`-\mbn F¶Xv
shdpw tXm¶Â am-{X-am-sW¶pw `uXn-I-hm-Z¯-
n {`an¨-h-cn ]ecpw a\-Ên-em-¡n. a\p-jys\
XoÀ¯pw `uXnI- a- m-¡m-\pÅ {ia-§Ä At¼ ]cm-
P-b-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
(16)
\ndw-a-§nb DÄ¡m-gvN-IÄ
1860-emWv tXmakv FUvhn³ Xsâ " Z hnj³
Hm^v \yq lyp-am-\nän'' F¶ IrXn {]kn-²o-I-cn-
¨-Xv. a\p-jy-cm-in-sb-¡p-dn¨v A£cm ÀY-¯nÂ
Xs¶ ]pXn-sbmcp ho£Ww Ah-X-cn-¸n¨ IrXn-
bm-bnc- p¶p AXv. F¶m Cu IrXn A¡m-e¯p
Xs¶ th­{X {i²n-¡-s¸-«n-Ã. ]n¡me-¯m-
hs« AXp hnkvarX-am-bn-t¸m-hpIbpw sNbvXp.
]mc-¼cy k`m-ho-£-W-§Äs¡ Xn-cn D¶-bn- ]cn-Wm-a-im-kv{X-¯ns³d-
¡-s¸-Sp¶ Hä-s¸« aX-`m-jy-§Ä t]mse am{Xsa ]n´p-W-tbm-Sp-IqSn
tXmakv FUvhnsâ (1830-þ1898) {]kvXp-X -IrXn ssZhs¯ ]pdw-X-Åp-hm³
]cn-K-Wn-¡-s¸-«pÅq.- F¶m B Ir-Xn-bpsS a\p-jy-cm-in¡p km[n-¨n-cn-
DÅ-S¡ - ¯- n\v Nne khnt- i-jX- I- f- p-­m-bnc- p-¶p.
(17)
¡p-¶p-sh-¶pw, ssZhw
a\p-jy-cm-in-sb-¡-p-dn¨v XnI¨pw ]pXn-sbmcp ]pdw-X-Å-s¸-«-tXm-Sp-IqSn
ho£Ww AXv Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶p. \mkvXn-Ihpw
imkv{Xo-b-hp-amb ho£-W-am-W-Xv F¶v {KÙ-
aXw AXnsâ ASn-¯-d-
IÀ¯mhv Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-¶p. tbmsS A{]-Xy-£a- m-bn-cn-¡p-
imkv{Xw ]n¨s- h¨p XpS-§nb- n«- nÃ- m¯ L«-¯n ¶p-sh¶pw Nn´n-¨p-sIm­v
imkv{X-¯nsâ hfÀ¨-bnepw hnIm-k-¯n epw \nco-iz-ch
- m-Zn-Ifpw bpàn-hm-
Aan-X-ambn hnizmkw {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p¶ Hcp IrXn- Zn-Ifpw ]pXnb temIw
bm-bn-cp¶p AXv. kz]v\w I­p cwK-¯p-h-
CXn\p kam-\-amb H«-\-h[n sNdpXpw hep- ¶p. A¯cw kz]v\-
Xp-amb IrXn-IÄ A¡m-e¯pw ]n¶oSpw- {]Xy §Ä¡v am\-h-cm-in-bpsS
£s¸-Sp-Ib- p-­m-bn. ]e Nn´m-KX- nI- f- nÂ\n¶pw at\m aÞ-e¯ - n kzm[o-\-
Bi-b§ - f- nÂ\n¶pw {]tNm-Z\w DÄs¡m­p-sIm ap-d¸
- n-¡m³ ]ecpw hÃmsX
­v Nn´m-ti-jnbpw `mh-\m-ti-jnb- p-apÅ a\p-jyÀ ]Wn-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p¶ ]pXnb ]pXnb Btem-N-\-Ifm
Wv C¯cw IrXn-I-fn-eqsS temI-t¯mSp kwh-Zn-
¡m-\pÅ B{Klw {]I-Sn-¸n-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. ]t£,-
Ahbv¡v kwth-Zt- ijn Xosc-bnÃ- m-bnc- p-¶p. Xncp¯
-ensâ `mjbpw ]p\-cm-tem-N-\-bpsS Bth-ihpw
th­{X D­m-bnc- p¶p F¶-sXm-gn¨- m A¯cw
IrXnI- Ä¡v krjvSn]- c- a- mb Bi-b§ - t- fm, \nÀan-
Xn-¡p-]-I-cn-¡p¶ hyà-amb Nn´-Itfm Ah-X-
cn-¸n-¡m-\p-­m-bn-cp-¶n-söv C¶v ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-
t¼mÄ \ap¡v a\-Ên-em-¡m³ {]bm-k-an-Ã.
Ignª c­p \qäm-­p-IÄ¡nSb- ne- mbn temI-
¯nsâ hnhn[ `mK-§-fn {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡-s¸«
C¯cw IrXn-I-fpsS Hcp ]«nI- Xs¶ {]^-kÀ
AÀt\mÄUv ^Às\À Xbm-dm-¡nb- n«- p-­v. At±-
l-¯nsâ IW-s¡-Sp-¸n 24,000 {KÙ-§Ä ]cn-
(18)
K-Wn¡ - s- ¸-«p. CXns- em«pw AÂ`p-Xa- nÃ- . F¶mÂ
17
Ah-bn ]e-Xns- \bpw Ipdn¨- v, tXmakv
FUvhn sâ " Z- hn-j³ Hm^v \yq lyqam-
\nän'' F¶ IrXn-sb-¡p-dn¨v ]d-ª-Xp-
t]mse XnI¨pw ]pXn-sbmcp ho£Ww
Ah-Xc- n¸- n¡ - p-¶Xv F¶p ]d-bm-hp-¶X- p-
am-Wv. ]t£,- Ah am\-hc- m-insb kphy-
à-amb Znim-t_m-[-¯n-te¡p \bn-
¡m³ ]cym-]vXa- mbncp¶nÃ- .- C§p tIc-
f-¯n Xs¶bpw ae-bm-f-`m-j-bnÂ
C¯cw Nne IrXn-IÄ {]Xy-£-s¸-Sp-I-
bp-­m-bn. `uXnI- h- mZ Nn´bpw imkv{X-
¯n-epÅ Aan-X-amb {]Xo-£bpw a\p-
jy-cm-in-bpsS \ho-\-amb hntam-N\
amÀK-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ A`n-em-j-§fpw
H¯nW - § - nb- h- b- m-bnc- p¶p C¯cw IrXn-
IÄ. 1444-Â {]kn-²o-Ir-X-amb tXmakv
s]cnt- ª-cnb- psS " \h-temIw'', 1966-tem
atäm {]kn-²o-Ir-X-amb hÀ¡n im´n-
Øm³ Fgp-Xnb " bpàn-hmZ hn¹hw''
F¶n-hbpw 1986-I-fn {]Xy-£-s¸«
" kpa-\nkw'' t]mse-bpÅ IrXn-Ifpw
Cu ]«n-I-bn DÄs¸-Sp-¯m-hp-¶-h-bm-
Wv. a\pjy Bi-b-§Ä apt¶m«p
sh¡p-¶h F¶ \ne-bn-emWv Ch-
sbms¡ ]cnN- b- s- ¸-Sp-¯s- ¸-«X- v. ]t£,
hyàn-IÄ kz´w Nn´-bp-sS t{]c-W-
tbmsS Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p¶ Xm ¡m-en-I-
§- f mb Nne Bi- b - § Ä F¶-
Xn¡hnª asämcp ]cn-K-W-\bpw
Chbv¡p e`n-¨-Ã.
bpàn-hm-Z-¯nsâ Bcw`w
hyà-amb \nÀh-N\w CÃ F¶-Xp-
t]m-se-¯s¶ bpàn-hm-Z-¯nsâ asäm
cp ]cna- nX- nb- mWv AXn\v hyà-amb Hcp
Ncn-{X-anà F¶-Xv. \nco-iz-c-hmZw am{X-
aà bpàn-hmZw F¶-Xp-t]mse bpàn-
hmZw \nco-iz-c-hm-Z-¯n A[n-jvTn-X-am-
I-Ws- a¶pw \nÀ_-Ôa- nÃ- . AXp-sIm-­p-
Xs¶ \nco-izc- h- m-Z¯ - nsâ Ncn{- X-¯nÂ
\n¶v bpàn-hm-Z-¯nsâ Ncn-{Xs¯
thdn«p ImtW-­Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv. \nco-
iz-c-hm-Z-¯nsâ Ncn{Xw Is­-¯p-hm³
Cuizc- h- m-Z¯ - nsâ Ncn{- Xs¯ Xe-Xnc- n-
¨n«- m aXn F¶mWv kmap-h s_¡äv
A`n-{]m-b-s¸-«-X.-v CXv GXp aXhpw
Hcp-]c- n[- nh- sc AwKo-Ic- n¡ - p¶ Imcy-am-
(19)
Wv. temI¯v GXp aX-{K-Ù¯ - nepw hn
izm-k- k-aq-l-¯nsâ adp-h-i¯v {]Xn-
]m-Zn¡- s- ¸-Sp¶ " Ahni- zmkn' F¶ s]m
Xp hÀK-¯n-\n-S-bn \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-Isf
2007 B-K-kv-äv-
\ap¡p ImWm-hp-¶X- m-W.v AXp-sIm-­p-Xs¶ aX-
§-fpsS {]Xn-]m-Z-\-§Ä ASn-Øm-\-am¡n
hnizmkn hÀK-¯nsâ Ncn {Xw ]cn-K-W-\-s¡-Sp-
¡p-t¼mÄ \ap¡v AXnse hcn-IÄ¡nS-bnÂ
\n¶v \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-I-fn F¯n-t¨-cp-hm³ Ign-
bpw. hnip² JpÀB\n Xs¶ ]qÀh-Ime P\-
hn-`m-K-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨pÅ ]cm-aÀi-§Ä¡nS-bnÂ
{]Ir-Xn-hm-Zn-IÄ Ft¶m Ime-hm-Zn-IÄ Ft¶m
AÀY-am-¡m-hp-¶-hcpw \nco-izc Nn´m-K-Xn-¡m-cp-
amb " Zlv cn¿' F¶ hn`m-K-s¯-¡p-dn¨v kqN-\-
IÄ ImWmw. ChÀ bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ F¶v B[p-
\nI Ime-L-«-¯n hn]-£n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-h-cpsS
]qÀhn-I-cm-bn-cp¶p F¶p \ap¡p ]d-bm-\p-am-hn-
Ã. Imc-Ww, bpàn-hmZw F¶Xv XnI¨pw B[p-
\n-I-amb Hcp kwÚbpw ]Z-hp-am-Wv. AXnsâ
]Ým-¯ew ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-t¼mÄ AXp XoÀ¯pw
]pXn-b-Xp-am-Wv.
AXp-sIm-­mWv \nco-iz-c-hm-Z-¯nsâ Ncn-{X- ]Xn-t\gmw \qäm-­nÂ
aà bpàn-hm-Z-¯nsâ Ncn-{X-sa-¶pw, bpàn-hm- ss{IkvXh aXmXvaI Nn´-
Zs¯ \nco-iz-c-hm-Z-¯n \n¶p thdn«p ImtW- IÄs¡-Xn-cn BhnÀ`-hn-
­-Xp­v F¶pw \mw ]d-bp-¶X- v. ]Xnt- \gmw \qäm- ¡p-I-bpw, aX-\-thm-°m\
­n ss{IkvXh aXmXvaI Nn´I- Äs¡-Xnc- n Nn´-I-fpsS klm-b-
BhnÀ`-hn¡ - p-Ib- pw, aX-\t- hm-°m\ Nn´I- f- psS t¯msS hnImkw {]m]n-¡p-
klm-bt- ¯msS hnImkw {]m]n¡ - p-Ibpw sNbvX Ibpw sNbvX ]ptcm-K-a\
]ptcm-K-a\ Nn´-I-fpsS hnI-knX cq]-amWv
bpàn-hm-Zw. bqtdm-¸n dmj-W-en-kw, Gbv¯n Nn´-If- psS hnI-knX cq]-
kw, kb³änkw, skIyp-e-dn-kw, \m¨z-d-en-kw, amWv bpàn-hm-Zw. bqtdm-
en_d- e- nkw F¶nhsbms¡ D]-tbm-Kn¨v bpàn ¸n dmj-W-en-kw, Gbv¯n
hmZ Nn´m-K-Xnsb tZymXn-¸n-¡-s¸«p h¶n-cp-¶p. kw, kb³änkw, skIyp-e-dn-
Ch-bpsSsbms¡ A´-Ê-¯bpw DÅ-S-¡hpw kw, \m¨z-de- n-kw, en_-d-
tNÀ¶ \ho\ PohnX- m-ht- _m-[a- mWv bpành- mZw enkw F¶nhsbms¡ D]-
F¶-Xp-sIm­v hnh-£n-¡-s¸-«p-h-¶-Xv. F¶m tbm-Kn¨v bpàn hmZ Nn´m-
]uckvXy cmPy-§-fn-te¡pw aq¶mw temI-cm-Py- K-Xnsb tZymXn-¸n-¡s- ¸«p
§-fn-te¡pw IS-¶p-sNÃpt´mdpw bpàn-hmZw
]pXnb AÀY-X-e-§Ä BÀP-n-¨p-sIm-­n-cp-¶p. h¶n-cp-¶p.
]mÝmXy kaq-l-¯n Gähpw IqSp-X-embn
bpàn-hm-Zs¯ tZymXn-¸n-¡p-hm³ D]-tbm-Kn¨p
h¶ ]Z-amb " dmj-W-enkw'' aX-¯n\pw- hnizm-
k-¯n\pw FXn-cmb X¯-z-im-kv{X-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.
aX-s¯bpw hnizmk- s- ¯bpw imkv{Xo-ba- mb Ah-
t_m-[-§-fp-sSbpw ASn-Øm-\-¯n kzoI-cn-¡p-
Ibpw XÅn-¸-d-bp-Ibpw sN¿p¶ Nn´m-K-Xn-bm-
bnc- p¶p AhnsS dmj-We- nkw. C´y-bn ]Þn
äv Ph-lÀem s\lvdpt]mepw dmj-W-enkw
F¶-]Zw Ah-ew-_n-¨n-cp-¶-Xv, skIyp-e-dnkw
F¶ hm¡p-t]m-se-¯s¶ hnim-ea- mb AÀY-¯n-
em-bnc- p-¶p-sh¶v tImfn³kv ]h tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-
bn«- p-­.v- bpành- mZn F¶v, tIc-fo-ba- mb AÀY-
¯n " dmj-W-enÌv' F¶ hm¡ns\ ]cn-`mj
(20)
sN¿p-¶Xv icn-b-söv Npcp-¡w.
18
 dmj-We- nk- ¯ - nsâ {]Xy-im-kv{X-]-
chpw Bi-bm-[n-jvTn-X-hp-amb Xe-§Ä
]cn-K-Wn¨p sIm­Ã C´y-bn AXv-
kmÀh-{Xn-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-¡-s¸-«-Xv.
C´y-bn bpàn-hmZ taJe t\cn«p
h¶n-«pÅ At\Iw {]Xn-k-Ôn-I-fnÂ
H¶mWv IrXy-amb ]Zm-h-en-I-fn-eqsS
bpành- m-Z¯ - nsâ Bib hn\na- bw Hcp
C´y³`m-jb- nepw km[y-am-bn«- nà F¶-
Xv. _wKm-fn, lnµp-Øm-\n, adm¯n XpS-
§nb `mj-I-fn 1950-þ-IÄ¡p ap¼p-
Xs¶ D]-tbm-K¯ - ne- p-­m-bnc- p¶ tlXp-
hm-Zn, Imc-W-hm-Zn, ikv{X-hm-Zn, `qX-hm-
Zn, a\p-jy-hm-Zn, \nan-¯-hm-Zn, Nn´m-hm-
Zn, D°m-\-hm-Zn, XpS-§nb ]Z-§-fnÂ
H¶p-t]mepw bpàn-hm-Z-¯n\v ]qÀW-
ambpw tbmPn-¡p¶ hntij-Wtam
bpành- m-Zn¡p ]cym-b]- Z- a- m-¡m-hp-¶tXm
Bbn-cp-¶n-Ã. IrXy-amb hm¡nâ Ae-
`y-XI- m-cWw taÂ]d-ªh- s- bms¡ amdn-
amdn D]-tbm-Kn-¡-s¸-«p. 1890 apX¡p
Xs¶ cmPv_nlmcn t_mkv, Akp-tXm
jv apJÀPn, kXojv N{µ-{]-km-Zv, _naÂ
aÂtlm{X XpS-§nb- h- c- ne- qsS bpành- mZ
Nn´m-KX- nI- Ä {]Nm-c¯ - ne- p-­m-bnc- p¶
_wKmfn kaq-l-¯nÂ, tIc-f-¯n-te-Xn-
s\-¡mÄ IqSp-XÂ bpàn-hmZ Nn´m-K-
Xn¡- mÀ D­m-bnc- p-¶p. _wKmÄ tamUÂ
bpàn-hm-Zhpw \thm-°m\ Nn´-Ifpw
]ptcm-Ka- \- m-ib- §
- f- pw tIc-f¯ - nse ]nÂ
¡me bpàn-hm-Z-hp-ambn X«n-¨p-t\m-¡p-
t¼mÄ F{Xtbm hnim-ehpw am\-hn-I-
hp-am-bnc- p¶p F¶v \ap¡p ImWmw. 1905
apX 1915-hsc _wKm-fn {]Nm-c-¯n-
ep-­m-bnc- p¶ " ikv{XhmZn' F¶ {]kn-
²o-Ic- W
- ¯ - n XpSÀ¨-bmbn {]kn²- o-I-
cn-¡-s¸« Akp-tXmjv apJÀPn-bpsS
teJ-\-§Ä aX-aà am\-h-cm-in-bpsS
apJy i{Xp F¶ ià-amb Bibw
Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-h-bm-bn-cp-¶p. a\p-jy-
cmin t\cn-Sp¶ {]iv\-§-fn kao-Ir-
Xhpw kzX-{´hpw imkv{Xo-b-hp-amb
Ah-t_m-[-§-fn Du¶n-\n-¶p-sIm-
­pÅ \ne-]m-Sp-I-fmWv Ah-ew-_n-t¡-
­Xv F¶ Nn´m-K-Xn-bmWv Ah-ew-_n-
¨n-cp¶Xv . C´ybn ]n¡m-e¯v
thtcm«w e`n¨ bpàn-hm-Z-¯n\v {]mtZ-
(21)
in-I-amb ]e A´À[-mc-Ifpw ImWm-
hp-¶X- m-Wv F¶Xv CtXm-Sp-IqSn tNÀ¯p-
hm-bn-t¡-­-Xm-Wv. _wKm-fn tZiob-
2007 B-K-kv-äv-
{]Øm-\t- ¯mSpw kmaq-ly \thm-°m-\t- ¯mSpw
Ahn-Ss¯ bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ HmcwtNÀ¶p \o§n.
D¯-tc-´y³ kwØm-\§ - f- nse ]ptcm-Ka- \- h- m-Zn-
IÄ kmaqly ]cnj- vIc- W - ¯- n\v Du¶Â \ÂIn.
Xangv\m«n {ZmhnU Nn´-I-fn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb
kmaqly amä-§Ä¡v s]cnt- bmÀ C.h- n. cma-kzman
\mbv¡-cp-sSbpw aäp-w Btem-N-\-IÄ klm-b-I-
am-bn. Xncp-h-Åp-h-cp-sSbpw aäp {ZmhnU Ihn-I-
fp-sSbpw hnNm-c-]-Y-§sf ]n´p-SÀ¶mWv s]cn-
tbmÀ C.-hn. cma-kzman Xsâ {Zmhn-U-kz-Xz-t_m-
[-¯n-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb ]cnjvI-cW hmZ-K-Xn-IÄ
Ah-Xc- n¸- n¨- X- v. khÀW- hncp- ²- a- mb Nn´I- f- mWv
Ah-bn ap¶n-«p \n¶-Xv. Xan-gv\m-Snsâ kmaq-
lnI- hpw kmwkvIm-cnI- h- p-amb kml-Nc- y-§Ä ]cn-
K-Wn-¡p-t¼mÄ AXm-bn-cp¶p ]ptcm-K-a\hmZ-
¯nsâ A\n-hm-cy-amb Bh-iyw. C§s\ {]mtZ-
in-I-amb Ah-Ø-IÄ¡pw kml-N-cy-§ Ä¡pw
A\p-k-cn¨v C´ybnse hnhn[ {]tZ-i-§-fnÂ
bpàn-hm-Zn-I-sf¶v Adn-b-s¸-«n-cp-¶-hÀ ]e ]e
ZuXy-§fpw amdn-amdn \nÀh-ln¨p -sIm-­n-cp-¶p. tIc-f-¯n-se- bp-àn-hm-Zn-I-
tIc-f-¯n am{X-amWv bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ GsX- fm-Wv, C´y-bnse aäp
¦nepw \ne¡ - pÅ kmaqly ZuXy-§s- fm¶pw \nÀ
h-ln-¡m-Xn-cp-¶n-«p-ÅXv F¶p ImWmw. kwØm-\-§-fnse bpàn-
hm-Zn-Isf At]-£n¨v C¶v
tIc-f-¯nse bpàn-hmZw Gähpw Xo{hhpw XojvW-
tIc-f¯ - ns- e- bp-ành- m-ZnI- f- m-Wv, C´y-bnse
aäp kwØm-\-§-fnse bpàn-hm-Zn-Isf At]- hp-amb Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-§Ä
£n¨v C¶v Gähpw Xo{hhpw XojvWh- p-amb Ah- sh¨p]peÀ¯p¶-hÀ.
Im-i-hm-Z-§Ä sh¨p]peÀ¯p¶-hÀ. tIc-fob tIc-fob Nn´-I³amÀ
Nn´I- ³amÀ ]peÀ¯p¶ ASnØ - m\ clnX- a- mb ]peÀ¯p¶ ASn-Øm\
{]_p-²-Xm-hm-Z-¯nsâ Hcp ]mÀiz-^ew IqSn-bm- cln-X-amb {]_p-²-Xm-hm-Z-
Wn-Xv. ]pXnb Ah-t_m-[-§-fp-sSbpw hnIm-k-]- ¯nsâ Hcp ]mÀiz-^ew
cnW
- m-a§- Ä¡p hnt[-ba- mb ho£-W§ - f- p-sSbpw
ASn-Øm-\-¯n BhnÀ`-hn¨ DZv{KY-\- Nn-´m- IqSn-bm-Wn-Xv.
KXn F¶ \ne-bn-emWv tIc-f-¯n\p ]pd¯v
bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ kz´w \ne-\nÂ]n\v AÀY-hym
]vXn Is­-¯p-hm³ {ian-¨n-«p-Å-Xv. ]t£, tIc-
f-¯nse bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ am{Xw CXnÂ\n¶v
thdn«p \n¶p-sIm­v khn-ti-j-amb Hcp PmXo-
b-t_m[w ]peÀ¯p-Ibpw X§Ä thdn« Hcp P\-
Xbpw P\-hn-`m-K-hp-amWv F¶ \ne-bn Ah-Im-
i-hm-Z§- Ä D¶-bn¡- p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p-­.v tIc-fob
\thm-°m-\¯ - nsâ ]n´p-SÀ¨m-hI- m-inI- f- mWv tIc-
f-¯nse bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ F¶ Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ap-
¶-bn¡- p¶ bpành- m-ZnI- sf Ah-KW - n¨- p-sIm-­Ã
CXp ]d-bp-¶X- .v \thm-°m-\h- p-ambpw \thm-°m\
\mb-Ic- p-ambpw _Ô-ap-s­-¶pÅ Ah-Im-ih- mZw
kz´w Ncn{- X-iq-\y-X¡p ad-bnS- m-\m-bna- m{Xw D¶-
bn¡- p-¶X- m-sW-¶X- mWv kXyw. (- 22)
tIc-f-¯nse bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fn NneÀ {io\m-
cm-bW- K- p-cp, N«-¼nk- zma- n, Ab-¦m-fn, s]mbvIb- nÂ
19
tbml-¶m³, h¡w auehn XpS-§n-b-
hsc \thm-°m\ \mb-I-cmbpw bpàn-
hm-Zn-Isf Ah-cpsS ]n³Kman-I-fmbpw
Nn{XoIcn¡ - p-¶Xp ImWmw. ]t£,- Ch-
cn HcmÄt]mepw B[p-\nI tIc-f-
¯nse bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fpsS ho£-W-§-
fn GXns- \-sb-¦nepw ]qÀW-amb AÀY-
¯n ]n´p-W-¡p-sa¶p tXm¶p-¶n-Ã.
{io\m-cm-bW - K- pcp Cu ]«nI- b- m Gsd
D²-cn¡ - s- ¸-«n«- pÅ hyànb- m-Wv. Cugh
P\-hn`- m-K§ - sf khÀW- kwkvIr-Xnb- n-
te¡p ]cn-hÀ¯n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ {ia-
§-fmWv {io\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp \S-¯n-b-Xv.
At±-ls¯ Hcp- km-aqly]cn-jvIÀ
¯mhv F¶p hnfn¡ - p-¶X- n\p Xs¶ ]cn-
anX- nI- Ä Gsd-bm-Wv. F¶nc- ns¡ \thm-
°m\ \mb-I³, kmaq-ly-am-ä¯ - nsâ D]-
Úm-Xm-hv,- ]ptcm-Ka- \- h- m-ZnI- f- psS amXr
I Fs¶ms¡ ]d-bp-¶X- n F¶ÀY-am-
Wp-ÅXv? {io\m-cm-bW Kpcp-hnsâ
injy-cn {][m-\nb- m-bnc- p¶ ktlm-Zc- ³
A¿-¸\- m- Wv bpành- m-ZnI- Ä Ah-ew-_n-
¡p¶ asäm-cmÄ. ktlm-Zc- ³ A¿-¸s\
kzm[o-\n-¨n-cp-¶Xv _p²-[Àa-hp-ambn
_Ô-s¸« Nn´-I-fm-bn-cp-¶p. {io\m-cm-
bW Kpcphnsâ Nn´-Isf _p² Nn´-
IÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨v Xtâ-Xmb coXn-bnÂ
Xncp-¯p-I-bmWv ktlm-Z-c³ A¿-¸³
sNbvX-Xv. Cu Xncp-¯-en khÀW-
hÂI-cW-¯nsâ hgnb- nt- e-¡p \o§nb
Cugh P\-Xsb Xncn¨p ]nSn¡ - p¶ ]e-
LS I§fpw D­m-bn-cp-¶p. AXp-sIm-
­p-Xs¶ {io\m-cm-bW Kpcp-hns- \-¡mÄ
Cug-hc- n kmaqly DZv{KY\w- km[n¨
hyàn ktlm-Z-c³ A¿-¸³ Xs¶-bm-
Wv. Kpcp-hns- \-¡mÄ {]_p-²\- mb injy
³ F¶v ktlm-Z-c³ A¿-¸s\ {io\m-
cm-bW [Àa-s¯-¡p-dn¨v ]Tn¨v FgpXnb-
hntZ-iob ]Þn-X-\mb A{_lmw
s¢bÀ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-­v. (23)
HcÀY-¯n ktlm-Zc- ³ A¿-¸\- nÂ
\n¶p-amWv tIc-f¯ - nse bpành- m-ZnI- Ä
¡v Bi-bhpw Bth-ih- pw- e`n¡p¶Xv.
kz´w Bi-b-t{km-X-Êp-I-fpsS ]«n-I-
bn \n¶v Cug-hsc khÀW-hÂIcn-
¡p-hm³ bXv\n¨ {io\m-cm-bW Kpcpsh
Nne bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ Hgn-hm-¡n-bXv
kzoIm-cy-tbm-Ky-amb kao-]\w Xs¶bm
Wv . ImcWw At±lw asäm-cp-[m-cb- psS
hmàm- h mbncp¶p F¶- X p- X - s ¶.
(24)
2007 B-K-kv-äv-
ktlm-Z-c³ A¿-¸sâ _p²-[Àa- Nn´IfpsS
ASn-¯-d-bn \n¶p-amWv tIc-f-¯n bpàn-hm-
Zw -s]m-«n-ap-f-¨p- h¶Xv F¶p -hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶-h-cp-
­v. tIc-f-¯nse BZy-Ime-bpànhmZn-I-fnÂ
A[nI- t- ]cpw th­{X hmb-\tbm ]T-\tam hni-
I-e-\tam DÅ-h-cm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. \nco-iz-c-¯zhpw
tIhe \ntj-[hpw kmam\y Nn´bpw aX-hn-cp-
²-Xbpw ]c-kv]cw Cgp-In-t¨À¶ Btem-N-\-I-
fn \n¶p-ambn tIc-fob ]Ým-¯e ]cn-k-c¯v
HX-p-§p¶ Hcp tIc-fob bpàn-hmZw BhnÀ`-hn-
¡p-I-bmWp sNbvXXv F¶v C¶p \ap¡p a\-
Ên-em-¡m³ {]bm-k-ta-Xp-an-Ã. hnÚ-cpw {]_p-
²-cpw ]T-\ -]m-cmbW \njvT-cp-amb _u²nI
t\Xr-Xz-¯n \n¶v hnImkw {]m]n-¨-Xà tIc-
f-¯nse bpàn-hm-Zw. BNmcy Øm\-¯p- ]-e-
scbpw amdn-am-dn- {]Xn-jvTn-¨p-sIm­v kz´w
t\XrXzZmcn{Zyw ad-¨p-sh-¡p-hm³ tIc-f-¯nse
bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ {ian-¡p-¶p-s­-¦nepw B {iaw BcmWv tIc-f¯ - nse
th­{X hnP-bn-¡p-¶nà F¶-XmWp hkvXp-X. bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fpsS BNm-
]n¡me¯v ]mÝmXy Nn´m-K-Xn-¡m-cp-ambpw cy³? ]e t]cp-Ifpw
{KÙ-IÀ¯m-¡-fp-ambpw tIc-f-¯nse bpàn-hm- ]ecpw ]d-bm-dp-­v. {io\m-cm-
Zn-IÄ¡p t\Sm³ kmZn¨ ]cn-N-bhpw sshÚm- b-W-Kp-cp, ktlm-Z-c³ A¿-
\n-I -_-Ôhpw Ah-cpsS ]Zm-h-en-I-sfbpw kw ¸³, Fw. kn. tPmk^v,
Ú-I-sfbpw `mj-sbbpw hnI-kn-¸n-¨n«ps­¦n G.-än. tImh-qÀ, Ipän-¸pg
epw ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambn tIc-f-¯nse bpàn-hm-
ZnI- Ä Bi-bZ- cn{ZcÀ- Xs¶-bm-Wv. IrjvW-]n-Å, hn.- Sn. `«-Xn-cn-
BcmWv bpàn-hmZn BNm-cy³? ¸m-Sv, cma-hÀa-X-¼m³, tUm.
CS-¡m-e¯v bpàn-hmZn kmln-Xy-§-fn ]n. Bâ-Wn, tPmk^v CS-a-
{]Xy£s¸-«- Hcp ]Z-hn-bmWv bpàn-hmZn BNm- dpIv- F¶n-§s\ ]e-scbpw
cy-³ F¶-X.v BN-cW - hpw A\p-jTv m-\hpw tZymXn- bpàn-hmZn BNm-cy³ F¶v
¸n-¡p¶ Hcp hnti-jW ]Z-amWv- BNm-cy³. ]ecpw hnti-jn-¸n¨p
XnI¨pw aX-]-c-amb Hcp ]Zw. BNm-chpw A\p-
jvTm-\hpw CÃm¯ bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ¡v F§-s\-
ImWmw.
bmWv BNm-c-y³ F¶ ]Z-hp-ambn tbmPn-¡m-\m-
hpI F¶ ktµlw Bcpw DbÀ¯n-b-Xmbn
ImWp-¶n-Ã. bpàn-hm-Zs¯ Hcp Bth-iam-bn-
a\-Ên kq£n-¨p-h¶ tIc-f-¯nse bpàn-hm-
Zn-I-fn NneÀ t_m[-]qÀhw BNm-cy-]Zw \ne-
\nÀ¯p-hm³ {ian¡- p-Ib- m-bnc- p¶p F¶p Icp-Xmw.
F¶m C¶pw tijn-¡p¶ asämcp tNmZyw
CXmWv:- BcmWv tIc-f¯ - nse bpành- m-ZnI- f- psS
BNm-cy³? ]e t]cp-Ifpw ]ecpw ]d-bm-dp-­v.
{io\m-cm-bW - K- p-cp, ktlm-Zc- ³ A¿-¸³, Fw. kn.
tPmk^v, G.-än. tImh-qÀ, Ipän-¸pg IrjvW-]n-
Å, hn.- Sn. `«-Xn-cn-¸m-Sv, cma-hÀa-X-¼m³, tUm.
]n. Bâ-Wn, tPmk^v CS-a-dpIv- F¶n-§s\ ]e-
scbpw bpành- mZn BNm-cy³ F¶v ]ecpw hnti-
jn-¸n¨p ImWmw. C¸-d-ª-h-cn Bcpw bpàn-
hm-Z-¯n\v kz´-amb Hcp-\nÀh-N-\tam Pohn-X-{I-
atam kw`m-h\ sNbvXn-«nà F¶Xm-Wv- hm-kv-X-
20
hw.- k-z´w \ntj[bpàn-I-fnepw aX-
hn-cp² Nn´-I-fnepw A[n-jvTn-X-ambn
Ch-scms¡ Ah-ew-_n¨ \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ
tIc-fob bpàn-hm-Z-¯nsâ amÀK-tcJ-
I-fm-bn-¯o-cp-I-bp-ap-­m-bn-«n-Ã. F¶n-
cns¡ Ch-cnÂ- B-scsb-¦nepw bp-àn-
hmZn BNm-cy-s\¶p hmfn-¡p-¶-XnÂ
AÀY-an-Ã.
{io\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp bpàn-hm-Zn-bÃ
Gähpw {it²-ba- mb hntcm-[m-`m-k-
§-fn H¶mWv {io\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp
bpàn-hm-Zn-bm-bn-cp¶p F¶ hmZ-K-Xn.
tIhew "Hcp kmaqly ]cnjvIÀ ¯mhv-
F¶p-t]mepw hnti-jn-¸n-¡p-hmt\m
\thm-°m\ \mb-I³ F¶ AÀY-¯nÂ
hnfn-¡-s¸-Smt\m AÀl-X-bn-Ãm¯
hyànX- za- mWv {io\m-cm-bW Kpcp'- F¶p
hmZn-¡p-¶-hÀ bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fn Xs¶-
bp-­v . F¶ncns¡ F§-s\-bmWv
{io\m-cm-bW - K- p-cp-hn\v bpành- m-ZnI- f- psS
(25)
BNm-cy-]-Zhn IÂ]n-¡p-¶Xv F¶p
Nn´n-t¡-­n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
{io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hnsâ {]hÀ¯-\-
§-sfbpw kw`m-h-\-I-sfbpw hne-bn-cp-
¯p-t¼mÄ \mw Is­-¯p¶ Imcy-§Ä
Ch-bm-W:v
(1).- At±lw Cug-h P\-Xsb ssl
µh apJy-[m-c-bn F¯n-¡p-hm-\mWv
]cn-{i-an-¨-Xv.
(2).- khÀW- kwkvIm-c-[m-c-tbmSp
InS-]n-Sn-¡p¶ kam-´c khÀW-Xzw
Cug-h-cn ASn-t¨Â]n-¡p-hm³ \mcm-
b-W-Kpcp ]cn-{i-an-¨p.
(3).- t£{X§ - fpw aT-§fpw Øm]n¨p
sIm­v {]mNo-\a- mb {ZmhnU coXnI- f- psS
XpSÀ¨-bnÂ\n¶v Cug-hsc \mcm-b-W-
Kpcp khÀW--[m-c-bn-te¡p £Wn-¨p.
(4).- AÔ-hni- zmk- § - Ä¡pw A\m-Nm-
c-§Ä¡pw FXnc- mb bmsXmcp {]hÀ¯-
\hpw \mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn \n¶p-­m-bn-
«n-Ã.
(5).- bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ D¶-bn-¡p¶
Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-§-fn GXn-s\-¦nepw
Xsâ PohnX Imet¯m {]hÀ¯-\-§-
fntem {io\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp ]n´p-Wtbm
t{]mÂkml-\tam \ÂIn-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.-
(6).- tIhew Hcp Bßo-bh- mZn am{X-
am-bn-cp¶p {io\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp. A\mß
2007 B-K-kv-äv-
hmZntbm \nco-iz-c-hm-Zntbm Bbn-cp-¶nÃ.
taÂ]dª Imcy-§Ä ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-t¼mÄ
bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hnsâ ]n³ap-d-
¡m-cmWv F¶p ]d-bp-¶Xv \ncÀY-I-am-Wv. \mcm-
b-WK- p-cp-hn\pw bpành- m-ZnI- Ä¡p-anS- b- n s]mXp-
hmbn bmsX-m-¶p-an-Ã. Ncn-{X-¯nsâ t{iWo-I-c-
W-¯n bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ A\p-`-hn-¡p¶ iq\y-
Xbpw Zmcn{- Zy-hp-amWv {io\m-cm-bW - K- pcphns\ DÄ
s¡mÅn¨v hnIe- a- mb Hcp BNm-cy-¸«- nI Xbmdm-
¡p-hm³ Ahsc t{]cn-¸-¨Xv F¶p hyà-am-Wv.
ktlm-Z-c³ A¿-¸³
{io\m-cm-bW - K- p-cp-hnsâ injy³am-cn {]_p-
²\pw kzX-{´-Nn-´-I-\p-ambncp¶p ktlm-Z-c³
A¿-¸³. kz´a- mb Nn´bpw hyànX- zhpw ]peÀ
¯m-\mWv ktlm-Z-c³ A¿-¸³ {i-an-¨-Xv.- Hcp-]-
t£, Kpcp-hnÂ\n¶p ]Tn-¨-Xn-s\-¡mÄ A[nIw
At±lw Kpcp-hns\ ]Tn¸- n¨- n«- p-­m-Imw. ]e hnj-
b-§-fnepw ktlm-Z-csâ A`n-{]m-b-§Ä¡p
ap¶n " AtXtbm A¿-¸m, F¦n A§-s\-bm-
bnc- n¡mw'' F¶ adp-]S- nb- mWv {io\m-cm-bW Kpcp {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hnsâ
\ÂInb- nc- p-¶X- v. " Hcp-Pm-Xn, Hcp-aX- w,- H-cp- ssZhw'' injy³am-cn {]_p-²\pw
F¶ {io\m-cm-bW X¯-zw, " PmXn th­, aXw kzX-{´-Nn-´-I-\p-ambncp¶p
th­, ssZhw th­ a\p-jy-\v, thWw [Àa-w ktlm-Zc- ³ A¿-¸³. kz´-
thWw [Àa-w thWw [Àa-w btYm-NnXw'' F¶v amb Nn´bpw hyàn-Xzhpw
ktlm-Z-c\v A¿-¸³ Xncp-¯n-bXv _p²-ZÀi-\- ]peÀ¯m-\mWv ktlm-Zc- ³
¯nsâ ]n´p-Wt- bm-sS-bm-bnc- p-¶p. A¿-¸³ {i-an-¨-Xv.- Hcp-]-
C¯cw \nc-h[n LS-I-§Ä hni-I-e\w t£, Kpcp-hnÂ\n¶p ]Tn-¨-
sN¿p-t¼mÄ ktlm-Z-c³ A¿-¸³ Hcp kzX{´ Xn-s\-¡mÄ A[nIw
hyànbpw hyàn-Xz-hp-am-bn-cp-¶p. {io\m-cm-b-W-
Kp-cp-hnsâ injy³ F¶-Xn-s\-¡mÄ Gsd At±- At±lw Kpcp-hns\ ]Tn-¸n-
l-¯n ap¶n«p \n¶Xv Cu kzX{´ hyàn-Xz- ¨n-«p-­m-Imw.
am-bn-cp-¶p. {io\mcm-b-W- Kp-cp-hn-s\-¡mÄ ]ptcm-
K-a\- ]- c- hpw {]_p-²h- p-amb Bi-b§ - Ä apt¶m«p
sh¡m³ ktlm-Zc- ³ A¿-¸\p km[n¨- Xpw At±-
l-¯nsâ kzX{´ hyàn-Xzw- sIm-­p-am-{X-am-bn-
cp-¶p. kzX{´ Nn´-I³ F¶ \ne-bn ktlm-
Z-c³ A¿-¸\- p-­m-bnc- p¶ hyànXzw At±-ls¯
bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ¡p {]nb-¦-c-\m-¡n-bn-cn-¡mw. Fw.-
kn. tPmk-^ns- \-t¸m-se-bp-Åh- À At±-lt- ¯mSp
]peÀ¯nb kulr-Z-hpw B \-n-ebv-¡m-bn-cp-¶p.
F¶m bpành- m-ZnI- Ä ]cnb- N- s- ¸-Sp-¯p¶ ]e
-\n-e-]m-Sp-IÄ¡pw ktlm-Z-c³ A¿-¸sâ Nn´-I-
fp-sSbpw kmaq-ly-ho-£-W-§-fp-sSbpw ]n³_-e-
anà F¶-XmWp hkvXp-X.
Fw.-kn. tPmk^v
\mkvXnI- X- b- pw bpành- m-Zhpw X¯-zm[- nj- vTn-
X-ambn ]Tn-¨-dnªv bpàn-hm-Zn-bmb Bfm-bn-cp-
¶nà Fw.- kn. tPmk-^v. bmZr-Ñ-n-I-ambn bpàn-
hm-Zn-bm-bn-¯oÀ¶ hyàn-bm-W-t±-lw. PohnXw
21
Xpd¶ BkzmZ- \- ¯ - n\p hnt[-ba- m-¡W - -
sa-¦n Nne-sXÃmw _lnjvI-cn-t¡-­-
Xp­v F¶ Nn´-bmWv Fw.- kn {]Xn-
\n-[m\w sNbvX PohnX ZÀi-\-¯nsâ
BsI-¯p-I. {]tbm-P\- h- mZw F¶ ASn-
Øm-\-]-c-amb Nn´-bn \n¶p-amWv
At±lw kz´w PohnXZÀi-\-¯nsâ
LS-I§ - Ä Is­-¯nb- X- v. PohnX- ¯ - nÂ
{]tbm-P-\-ap-s­-¦n aX-hpw hnizm-k-
hpw Bßo-b-X-bpw BNm-c-§fpw A\p-
jvTm-\-§fpw F´pw BIm-hp-¶Xpw
]n´p-S-tc-­-Xp-amWv F¶ \ne-]m-SmWv
Fw.-kn. tPmk^v AwKo-I-cn-¨n-cp-¶-Xv.
aX-t¯m-SpÅ Fw.knb- psS kao-]\- hpw
C¸-dª ho£-W-§-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-
¯n-em-bn-cp-¶p.
\mep- ]-Xnä- m-­ne- [- nI- I- mew " bpàn-
hmZn'' amknI \S-¯n-bn-cp¶ Fw.-kn.
tPmk^v, ]mÝmXy Nn´I- ³am-cp-sSbpw
Fgp-¯p-Im-cp-sSbpw IrXnI- s- fbpw \nco-
£-W§ - s- fbpw Btem-N\- I- s- fbpw ASn-
Øm-\a- m¡n kz´w hnNm-ca- Þ - ew hnI-
kn-¸n¨p F¶Xv- At±-ls¯ bpàn-hm-
Zn-I-fpsS BNmcy ]Z-hn-bn F¯n-¡p-
¶n-Ã. tIc-f-¯nse bpàn-hm-Z-¯n\v
tIc-fob ]cn-k-c-¯p-\n-¶p-sIm­v
hyàamb \nÀh-N\- § - Ä \ÂIp-¶X- nÂ
At±lw ]cm-Pb- s- ¸-Sp-Ib- m-Wp-­m-bX- v.
{io\m-cmbW K- p-cp-hns- \-bpw ktlm-Zc- ³
A¿-¸-s\bpw At]-£n¨v bpàn-hm-Z-
¯nsâ Bib aÞ-e-¯nepw kwL-S-
\m-]c- hpw kmaq-lnI- h- p-amb {]hÀ¯-\-
§-fnepw CSs]Sp-hm³ Ah-kcw e`n-
¨nc- p¶ hyànb- m-bnc- p-¶p Fw.k- n. {io\m-
cm-bW Kpcp-thm ktlm-Zc- ³ A¿-¸t\m
bpàn-hmZw F¶ hm¡p-t]mepw kzPo-
hn-X-¯n {]tbm-Kn-¡-p-I-tbm A-Xn-s\-
A\p-Iq-en¡- p-It- bm sNbvXnc- p-¶nà F¶-
XmWv i-cn.- Fw.-kn. bpàn-hmZw F¶
hm¡v D]-tbm-Kn¡ - p-Ib- pw AXns\ Pohn-
XZÀi\ambn AwKo-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw B
t]-cn Hcp {]kn²- o-Ic- Ww \S-¯p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. F¶m krjvSn-]-chpw amÀK-
ZÀi-\-]-c-hp-amb aÞ-e-¯n Fw.-kn.
tPmk^v bpành- m-Z¯ - n\- p-th­n F´p
sNbvXp F¶ tNmZy-¯n\p e`n-¡p¶
D¯cw bmsXm-¶p-anà F¶-Xm-Wv.
bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fpsS Nne hyàn-]-c-amb
{]iv\-§-fn CSs]Sp-I-bpw an{i-hn-hm-
l-th-Zn-I-fn A\p-{K-l-{]-`m-jWw \S-
2007 B-K-kv-äv-
¯p-I-bpw Nne an{i-hn-hm-l-§-fn \ncÀ Y-I-§-
fmb Nne bpàn-hm-Z-kq-à-§Ä D¨-cn-¨p-sIm­v
]u-tcm-lnX- y-¯nsâ A\p-Ic- Ww km[n¡ - p-Ib- pw
sNbvXp-sh-¶Xv Fw.-kn¡v bpàn-hmZn BNm-cy-
]-Zhn \¡m³ aXn-bmb Imc-W-§-f-Ã.
F-. -än. -tIm-hqÀ
bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fpsS BNm-cy³ F¶p hnti-jn-
¸n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ asäm-cmÄ F-. -än. tImhqÀ BWv.
bpành- Z- ¯ - n\v ZmÀi-\nIt- a-m Bi-b]- c- tam Bb
kw`m-h-\-I-fÀ¸n¨ hyàn-bà At±-lw. ZnhymÂ
`pX A\m-h-c-Ww, `qX-þ-t{]-X-þ-]n-imNv hnizm-k-
§Äs¡Xnc- mb Nne X{´-]c- a- mb \o¡-§Ä, ac-
Wm-\-´c Pohn-X-s¯bpw aäpw kw_-Ôn¨v
DbÀ¯nb kwi-b-§Ä F¶-n-hsbm-s¡-bmWv
tImhq-cns\ {it²-b\- m-¡nb- X- v. F¶m tImhqÀ
kz´w {]hÀ¯-\-§sf imkv {Xo-b-amb HcÀY- \mep- ]-Xn-äm-­n-e[- n-II- mew
¯n hne-bn-c-p¯p-Ibpw bpàn-þ-bp-àn-hm-Zw, " bpàn-hmZn'' amknI \S-¯n-
\mkvXn-IX,- \nco-iz-c-hmZw XpS-§nb hnti-j-W- bn-cp¶ Fw.-kn. tPmk^v,
§Ä ]c-am-h[n Hgn-hm-¡p-I-bp-am-Wv sNbvXn-cp- ]mÝmXy Nn´-I³am-cp-
¶-Xv. tImhq-cnsâ {]hÀ¯-\-§sf imkv{Xo-b-
ambn hni-I-e\w sNbvXp {KÙ-c-N\ \S-¯n-bn- sSbpw Fgp-¯p-Im-cp-sSbpw
cp¶ {ioe-¦³ im kv{X Nn´-I-\mb \c-knw-l - IrXn-Is- fbpw \nco-£W - §
- -
tKm-hnµ tImhq-cn-s\-¡p-dn¨v apt¶m-«p-sh-¨n-«pÅ sfbpw Btem-N-\-I-sfbpw
Nne \nco-£-W-§-fp-­v. ASn-Øm-\a- m¡n kz´w
(1).- tImhqÀ kz´w {]hÀ¯-\-§-fn Bß- hnNm-ca- Þ- ew hnI-kn-¸n¨p
hn-izm-khpw t_m[y-hp-apÅ Bfm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. F¶Xv- At±-ls¯ bpàn-
(2).- At±lw kz{]h- À¯-\§ - sf I­Xv kmaq- hm-Zn-If- psS BNmcy ]Z-hn-
ly-{]-hÀ¯-\-§Ä F¶-Xn-\p-]cn {]i-kvXnbpw
{i²bpw ]nSn-¨p-]-äm-\pÅ D]m-[n-I-sf¶ \ne-bn-
bn F¯n-¡p-¶n-Ã. tIc-f-
em-cp¶p.
¯nse bpàn-hm-Z¯ - n\v
tIc-fob ]cn-k-c-¯p-\n-¶p-
(3).- bpàn-hm-Zs¯¡-pdn¨v ]mÝm-XyÀ ]pe sIm­v hyàamb \nÀh-N-\-
À¯nb- nc- p¶ hnim-ehpw am\-hnI- h- p-amb ]e Imgv §Ä \ÂIp-¶-XnÂ
N-¸m-Sp-Ifpw F-. -än. tImhq-cn\v A]-cn-Nn-X-am-b-cn- At±lw ]cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-I-bm-
cp-¶p.
(4).- ]e -Im-cy-§-fnepw F-. -än. tImhqÀ DbÀ Wp-­m-b-Xv.
¯n-¸n-Sn-¨-Xv imkv{Xo-b-amb A]-{K-Y-\-io-e-¯n-
\p-]-Icw \ntj-[-¯nsâ coXn-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
(5).- sshb-ànI- a- mbn bpành- m-Zm-[nj- Tv nX- a- mb
Hcp {]_p² PohnXw At±-l-¯n {]Xn-^-en-
¨nc- p-¶nÃ- þF¶nh- s- bms¡ Ah-bn NneX- m-W.v
(29)
Ipän-¸pg IrjvW-]nÅ
Ipän¸- p-gI- r-jvW]- nÅ Hcn¡- epw Hcp tIc-fob
AÀY-¯ne- pÅ bpành- m-Znb- m-bnc- p-¶nÃ- . At±lw
aX-¯n-sâbpw hnizm-k-¯n-sâbpw anYy-I-fnÂ
\n¶v kz´w a\-Êns\ tamNn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw kzX-
{´-amb \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp-
sh-¦nepw kz´w kao-]\- § - Ä¡v bpànhmZ-¯n
sâ taÂhn-emkw At±lw kzbw Ah-Im-i-s¸-
22
«n-cp-¶n-Ã. {io\m-cm-b-W Kp-cp-hnsâbpw-
{_Òm-\-µ- in-h-tbm-Kn-bp-sSbpw Nn´m-
K-Xn-I-fpsS kzm[o\w Ipän-¸p-g-bnÂ
Gsd-bm-bn-cp-¶p. F¶m Fw.- knbpw
ktlm-Z-c³ A¿-¸\pw At±-ls¯
Xosc kzm[o-\n-¨n-cp-¶n-Ã. At±-l-s¯-
¡p-dn¨v bpàn-hmZn F¶v {]tbm-Kn¨
Nnesc Xncp-¯ns- ¡m­v Ipän¸- pg kzbw
hni-Zo-I-cn-¨Xv " Rm³ bpàn-hm-Zn-b-Ã.
bpàn-hmZw Hcp hnizm-k-ZÀi-\-ambn
A[x-]X- n¨- X- mWv ]ÝmXy cmPy-§f- nÂ
ImWp¶ ImgvN. AXn\- m bpành- mZn
F¶ hm¡ns- \-¡mÄ hym]-Ihpw AÀY-
]pjvSnb- p-ÅX- p-amWv kzX{- ´-hmZn F¶
hm¡v''-.- {io\m-cm-W- Kp-cp-hnsâ
kzm[o\w Ipän-¸pg AwKo-I-cn-¨n-cp-¶p.
( 26)
" Kpcp-hns\ F§s\ ImWp¶p'' F¶v
Ipän-¸p-g-tbmSv At\z-jn¨ ssdäÀ Irjv
W-t\mSv- At±lw \ÂInb adp-]Sn
" Nn´m-hn-Im-k-apÅ Hcp a\p-jy-\mbn
ImWp-¶p. {_mÒ-Wy-amWv \ÃXv F¶
Nn´-bn A[n-jvTn-X-amWv Kpcphnsâ
{]hÀ¯-\w. F¶m Rm\Xv AwKo-I-
cn¡
- p-¶nÃ- . kzX{- ´- Nn´- m-]c- a- mb Bi-
b-§Ä At±-l-¯n \n¶p hcp-¶h
Rm\w-Ko-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p­v'
F¶m-bnc- p¶p.- Npcp-¡¯ - n Ipän¸- pg
IrjvW-]n-Åsb bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fpsS
(27)
BNm-cy-\mbn hnti-jn-¸n¡m-h-X-Ã.
ImcWw bpành- m-Zs¯ At±lw AwKo-
I-cn-¨n-cp-¶n-Ã. AXn\p bmsXmcp kw`m-
h-\bpw \ÂIn-bn-«p-an-Ã.
hn.- Sn. `«-Xn-cn-¸mSv
bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ BNm-cy³ F¶p
sIm­m-Sp¶ asämcp hyàn hn.- Sn. `«-
Xn-cn-¸m-Sm-Wv. GIm´ Pohn-X-hpw kzk-
ap-Zm-b-¯n³\n¶v Ah-K-W-\-bpw Nn´-
I-fn A]-{`w-ihpw t\cn«- nc- p¶ hyàn-
bmWv hn.- Sn. bYmÀY-¯nÂ.- At±-l¯ - n
\p kz´w amÀK-hpw hgnbpw GsX¶v
hyà-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. " Nne-t\-c-§-fnÂ
khÀW- kz`m-hhpw Nnet- \-c§ - f- n A-
hÀW kz-`m-h-hpw-]peÀ¯nb hyàn''
F¶mWv Xsâ ka-Im-en-I-cn NneÀ
At±-ls¯ hntijn-¸n-¨X.-v CXn\p
ImcWw kz´w hyàn-Xz-¯nse `n¶
(28)
Xe-§-fm-bn-cp-¶p. thZhpw kwkvIrX
`mjbpw ]Tn-¨n-cp¶ At±-l-¯n\v {_m
lvaWy-¯nsâ kwkvIm-c- [m-c-bnÂ
\n¶p amdn¨- n´- n¡ - p-hm³ km[n¡ - p-am-bn-
2007 B-K-kv-äv-
cp-¶n-à F¶-XmWv hkvXp-X. F¶m bpàn-hm-
ZnI- fpw kzX{- ´- Nn´- m-KX- n¡ - m-cp-amb Nnec- p-ambn
At±lw ]peÀ¯nb kulr-Z-¯n\v {]Xyb
imkv{X-]-c-amb AÀY-§-fp-­m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.
{_mÒWy ]ptcm-K-a-\-hm-Z-¯nsâ A¨-Sn-`m-j-
bmWv hn. -Sn. kwkm-cn-¨-Xv. " kXy-sa-¶Xv Chn
sS a\p-jy-\m-Ip¶p'' XpS-§nb hn.- Sn.b- psS {]Jym-
]-\-§-fn Pzen-¡p-¶Xv thZ-Úm-\-¯nsâ
kzm[o-\a- m-Wv. CXp ]- t£,- bpành- m-Zhpw ]ptcm-
K-a\ Nn´b- p-ambn Nne AÂ-]Ú - m-\nI- Ä sXän-
²-cn¨- p. thZm-[nj- Tv nX- a- m-b- hniIe-\§ - f- mWv a\p-
jy-tI-{µnX- a- mb ]ptcm-Ka- \- m-ib- § - Ä Ah-Xc- n¸- n-
¡p-hm³ hn.- Sn¡p {]tNm-Z\w \ÂInbX- .v kmaqly
]cnjv IÀ¯mh-v F¶ \ne-bn hn.- Sn¡v tIc-fo-
b-cn NneÀ ]Xn¨p \ÂInb ]Z-hn-bmWv hn.- Sn
sb kz´-am-¡p-hm³ bpàn-hm-Zn-Isf t{]cn-¸n-¨p-
sIm-­nc- nc- p-¶X- v. hn.- SnbpsS Ah-t_m-[§ - s- fbpw
\ne-]m-Sp-I-sfbpw bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ kz´-am-¡m³
{ian-¨-Xn\p ]n¶n kz´w kwL-S-\m-]-chpw kwL-S\m kwhn-[m-\s¯
{]Xy-b-im-kv{X-]-c-hp-amb hfÀ¨-sb-¡-p-dn-¨pÅ AwKo-Ic- n-¡p-¶h - c- pw kzX-
kz]v\-§Ä D­m-bn-cp-¶p. {´-\n-e]- m-Sp-Isf ]n´p-Sc- p-
\mY-\n-Ãm-¯h- À ¶-hc- pw cmjv{Sob CS-s]-S-
]qÀW-amb AÀY-¯n bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ¡v ep-IÄ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶-Xpw
kz´a- mb Hcp X¯-zi- mkv{Xw CÃm-¯X- p-t]mse
Xs¶ AhÀ¡v kz´-ambn BNm-cy³am-cp-an-Ã.
Acm-jv{So-b-amb apJ-Omb
tIc-f-¯nse bpàn-hmZ¯nsâ Ncn-{Xhpw \ne- ]n´p-S-cp-¶-h-cp-ambn tIc-f-
]m-Sp-Ifpw ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-t¼mÄ hyàntI-{µn-X- ¯nse bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ tNcn-
amb Nne Bi-b-§-fn-eqsS hnImkw {]m]n-¨p- Xn-cn-ªXv XpS¡w
h¶ inYne Nn´-IÄ bpàn-hm-Z-¯nsâ taÂhn- apX¡p Xs¶ AhÀ¡n-S-
em-k¯ - n Adnb- s- ¸-Sp-Ib- m-Wp-­m-bX- v F¶p- Im- bn D­m-bn-cp¶ Bi-b-]-c-
Wmw. BZyw apX¡p-Xs¶ \ne\- n¡p¶ Cu amb Ahy-à-X-I-fpsS
{]iv\amWv tIc-f¯ - nse bpành- m-Zs¯ F¶pw XpSÀ¨-bm-bn-cp- ¶- p.
B`-y-´-c-ambpw _mly-ambpw inYn-eo-I-cn-¨p-sIm-
­n-cp-¶-Xv. kwL-S\m kwhn-[m-\s¯ AwKo-I-
cn-¡p-¶-h-cpw kzX-{´-\n-e-]m-Sp-Isf ]n´p-S-cp-¶-
h-cpw cmjv{Sob CS-s]-Se- p-IÄ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶X- pw
Acm-jv{So-ba- mb apJ-Omb ]n´p-Sc- p-¶h- c- p-ambn
tIc-f-¯nse bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ tNcn-Xn-cn-ªXv
XpS¡w apX¡p Xs¶ AhÀ¡n-S-bn D­m-
bnc- p¶ Bi-b]- c- a- mb Ahy-àX- I- f- psS XpSÀ¨-
bm-bn-c-p-¶p. bpàn-hm-Z-¯nsâ XmXzn-I-amb ASn-
¯d hn]p-eo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn tIc-fob Nn´-
I³amÀ¡v X\-Xmb kw`m-h-\-I-sfm¶pw AÀ¸n-
¡m³ km[n¨- n«- nà F¶Xp {it²-ba- m-Wv. hyàn-
\n-jvT-amb Imc-W-§-fm aX-t¯mSpw kmaqly
Nn´-I-tfmSpw thÀXn-cnªp \n¶-hÀ, kzX{´
Nn´b- p-sSbpw aX-\nt- j-[¯ - ns- âbpw Nne ]mÝm
Xy Bi-b[- m-cI- f- p-sSbpw klm-bt- ¯msS kzoI-
cn-¨p-h¶ \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ¡v bpàn-hmZw F¶p
Xm¡m-enI- a- mb t]cp kzoI-cn¡ - b- m-Wp-­m-bXv
23
F¶p ImWmw. bpành- m-Z¯ - nsâ ]mÝm \ap¡p tIÄ¡mw.
Xy XmXzn-I-Xbpw hyà-Xbpw tIc-f- kqN-\I- Ä
ànse CS-¯cw bpàn-hm-Z-ImÀ¡v
A\y-bn-cp¶p F¶ hkvXpX AwKo-I- 1).- Gbv¯nkw Bâ v tamtU¬ NÀ¨v, t]Pv 109.-

cnt- ¡-­X- p-­v. XmXznI ]T-\¯ - ns- âbpw

2).- C³^vfp- h - ³ kv Hm^v s^bn¯vkv, C³ Z

Ah-t_m-[¯ - ns- âbpw XpSÀ¨-bmbn Dcp- tamtU¬ kbâ n-^n¡v skmssk-äo-kv,

¯n-cn-¯p-h¶ Pohn-X-co-Xn-bmbn tIc-f-

thmfyw 1, t]Pv 410.-

¯n bpành- mZw AwKo-Ic- n¡ - s- ¸-Sp-I-

3).- C³Ìnäyq«v Hm^v tkmjy ÌUo-knsâ tcJ-

bp-­m-bn«- nÃ- .
IÄ, thmfyw 3þ4.-

4).- tPmk-^vsa-¡m-s_, sU¯v Hm^v tKmUv.-

Npcp-¡¯ - n 5).- C³^vfph³kv Hm^v _neo-hvkv, thmfyw 2,-

]s¯m-¼Xmw \qäm-­nse imkv{X- t]Pv 610.-

t_m-[-¯n-sâbpw Nn´-bp-sSbpw Awi- 6).- sskt¡m- f Pn Hm^v tlmfn- h pUv ^nenwkv , -

§Ä kzoI- c n- ¨ p- s Im­v hnImkw t]Pv 119.-

{]m]n¨ bpành- mZw ]mÝm-Xy- tem-I¯v 7).- ^ntem-k^n Hm^v sse^v, t]Pv 320.-

t\Sn-sb-Sp¯ kzoIm-cy-X, C´y-bn 8).- tkmjy C^Ivävkv Hm^v tlmfn-hpUv

e`n-¡-bp-­m-bn-Ã. bpàn-hm-Zs¯ Hcm- ^nenwk,-v FUn. {]-m-^. Ìo^³ epw{_mâ v,

ZÀi-ambn ]n´p-S-cp¶ tIc-f-¯nse

t]Pv 240.-

B[p-\nI bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fn NneÀ ]s¯m-¼Xmw \qäm-­nse

9).- lnÌdn Hm^v kb³kv, t]Pv 220.-

C¶pw ]s¯m- ¼ Xmw \qäm- ­ nse 10).- sU¯v Hm^v tKmUv, Ìo^³ tUm¡v,- t]Pv 64.-
imkv{X-t_m-[-¯n-sâbpw
imkv{X-`na- m-\hpw anYym-Nn´- bpw ]n´p-11).- G b v P v Hm^v kb³kv, Ìo^³ tUm¡v,
Nn´-bp-sSbpw Awi-§Ä
S-cp-¶-h-cm-Wv. temIhpw am\-h-cm-inbpw
t]Pv166.-

kzoI-cn-¨p-sIm­v hnImkw
amdp-¶Xpw ]cn-hÀ¯\ hnt[-b-am-Ip-
12).- sse^v Bâ v kb³kv FIvkvs]-cn-sa³kv

{]m]n¨ bpàn-hmZw ]mÝm-

¶Xpw Adnb- m-sXbpw a\p-jy-a\- Êv \nc-
Hm^v tamtU¬ GbvPv,- t]Pv 39.-

Xy- tem-I¯v t\Sn-sb-Sp¯

´cw ]cn-hÀ¯\ hnt[-b-am-Ip-¶Xv
13).- lypam-\nän Unss^³kv, t]Pv 69.-

kzoIm-cy-X, C´y-bn e`n-¡-

Xncn¨- d- nb- m-sXbpw Pohn¡- p¶ Hcp khn-
14).- Fh-eq-j³ Bâ v tKmUv, t]Pv 209

tij hÀ ¤-amWv C´y-bns- ebpw tIc-f- bp-­m-bn-Ã. bpàn-hm-Zs¯

15).- \yq lyq-a-\n-kw, _mÀ_-dm- sl³{S-Ìv, t]Pv 68.-

¯n-sebpw bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ. ]s¯m-

16).- tKmUv, dnen-Py³, F¯nkw,- t]Pv 268.-
Hcm-ZÀi-ambn ]n´p-S-cp¶
¼Xmw \qäm-­nse Ime-l-c-W-s¸«
17).- Z hn-j³ Hm^v \yq lypam-\nän,- FUzn³_ÀK-v
tIc-f¯ - nse B[p-\nI
imkvXc- N- n´- bpw Ccp-]Xmw \qäm-­nse
{]Ê-v, 1980se ]pXnb ]Xn¸v.-

bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fn NneÀ
]pdw-XÅ - s- ¸« kzX{- ´-Nn´- bpw C¯cw
18).- ]mc-e Xnb-dwkv t^mÀ t{]mK-Êohv \yqthÄ

C¶pw ]s¯m-¼Xmw \qäm-

tIh-e-bp-àn-hm-Zn-IÄ apdp-sI-¸n-Sn-¡p-
Uv, H¼Xp hmfy-§Ä, C³Ìn-äyq«v Hm^v

­nse imkv{X-`n-am-\hpw
H_vPIväohv ÌUo-kv, PÀa-\n 1989.-

¶p. {]_p-²-X-bpsS Awi-§Ä Xncn-¨- 19).- lnÌdn Hm^v Gbv¯n-kw, thmfyw-þ2, t]Pv 439,

dn-bp-hm-\pw, a\pjy Pohn-Xs¯ AX- kmap-h s_s¡-äv, {_n«¬, 1964.- anYym-Nn-´bpw ]n´p-S-cp-¶-h-
\p-k-cn¨v ]p\À\nÀh-ln-¡p-hm\pw Ign- 20).- thm¡m-_p-edn Hm^v t{]mK-Êohv tXm«vk,-v t]Pv cm-Wv.
bmsX Nn´bpw Btem-N-\bpw sI«-S- 610.- thmfyw 2.-

§nb Hcp hÀ¤-ambn C´y-bn-sebpw 21).- imkv{X-hm-Zn, If-IvSUv thmfyw-kv, thmfyw-þ3,4.-

tIc-f-¯n-sebpw bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ A[x- 22).- bpàn-civan.-

]-Xn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. Cu A[x-]-X-\-¯nsâ 23).- tXm«v k v Hm^v {io\m- c m- b - W - K pcp Bâ v Z

Bgw A¼-c-¸n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. imkv{X C³^vfph³kv.- Hm^v lnkv [À,- thmfyw 2,

s¯ D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-am-¡bpw _p²n- t]Pv 160.-

sbbpw Nn´-sbbpw ]nd-tIm«p \bn-¡p- 24).- cmP-tKm-]m hmI-¯m-\w, {io\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp

Ibpw sN¿p¶ {]Xn-tem-a-I-amb Ah-

\thm-°m\ \mb-It\m?

t_m[w B[p-\nI tIc-fob bpàn-hm- 25).- AtX-IrXn.-

Z-¯nsâ BsI-¯p-I-bm-Wv. " F´mWv 26).- ssdäÀ IrjvW\

- p-ambn kwkm-cn-¨X
- v, Kpcp-tZ-h³

kw`-hn-¡p-¶Xv?' F¶ Ign-ª-]-Xn-äm-
amkn-I-bpsS ]g-b-e-¡-§Ä.-

­p-I-fn tlmfn-hpUv kn\n-a-I-fnÂ

27).- AtX Ah-ew-_-§Ä.-

BhÀ¯n-¨p-h¶ tNmZyw {]_p-²-X-

28).- \thm- ° m- \ - I m- e w, \thm- ° m- \ - { ]- X n- ` - I Ä,

bmÀÖn-¡m³ km[n-¡m¯ hc-­-bp-

t]Pv 309.-

àn-hm-Z-¯nsâ hmàm-¡Ä \nÈ-_vZ-

29).- dmj-enkw C³ C³Uy Bâ v {ioe-¦, tUm.-

ambn BhÀ¯n-¨p-sIm-­n-cn-¡p-¶Xp
\c-knw-lt
- Km-hn-µv, sImfwt_m kÀh-Ie
- m-ime.-

2007 B-K-kv-äv- 24
 ssZ-h¯
- n-\-v k-a·
_-lp-ssZ-h§-fnÂ
-hn-i-z-kn-¡p-¶
-Hcm-fp-sS- a-\-Êv-
\nc-´-c- kw-L-«-\-
¯n-em-bn-cn-¡pw.--
B-cn-em-Wv- AÀ-¸n-
t¡-­-Xv?- B-sc-
bm-Wv- hn-fn-¨p-
{]mÀ-Yn-t¡-­-Xv?-
B-cm-Wv- X-s³-d-
{]-iv-\-§Ä- ]-cn-l-cn-¨p-
X-cn-I?- C-§-
s\-bp-Å- tNm-Zy
-§Ä- Ah-s\-
kZm- A-e-«n-s¡m-
­n-cn-¡pw.-
2007 B-K-kv-äv-
- m-tcm?-
D-kv-am³- ]m-e-¡m-g-n-
{]-]-©-¯n-\v- H-tc-sbm-cp {k-jv-Sm-th-bp-
Åq.- \n-e-\nÀ-¯p-¶-Xpw- C-Ãm-Xm-¡p-¶-
Xpw- B- {k-jv-Sm-hm-Wv.- B- H-cp- {k-jv-Sm-
hns- \- am-{X-sa- B-cm-[n¡ - p-hm³- ]m-Sp-Åq.-
A-h-t\m-tS- {]mÀ-Yn-¡m-hq.- C-kv-emw- am-
\-hc- m-ins- b- Ir-Xy-am-bn- ]-Tn¸- n¡- p-¶- Im-
cy-am-WnX- v.- ssZ-h¯ - ns- ³-d- G-IX- z¯ - ne- p-
Å- Cu- Du-¶-em-Wv- C-X-sc- a-X-§-sf-
A-t]-£n-¨v- C-kv-emw- a-X-¯n-\p-Å- {]-
tXy-I-X-I-fnÂ- H-¶v.- Cu- G-I-ssZ-h- hn-
izm-k-¯n-\v- "Xu-lo-Zv'- F-¶m-Wv A-d-_n-
bnÂ- ]-d-bp-I.- Xu-lo-Zn-\v- hn-]-co-X-am--b-
sX-Ãmw- "inÀ¡ - v'- F-¶d- nb- s- ¸-Sp-¶p.- ]¦m-
fnb- m-¡p-I- F-¶m-W-v B- ]-Z¯ - ns- ³-d- AÀ-
Yw.- {k-jvS- m-hm-b- A-Ãm-lp-hns- ³-d k-¯-
bnt- em- Kp-W§ - f- nt- em- B- Kp-W§ - f- ns- e-
XmÂ-]c- y-§f- nt- em- G-sX-¦ne- pw- H¶ns- \-
]-¦p- tNÀ-¡p-¶X- ns- \-bm-W-v Ckve- m-ans- â-
km-t¦-Xn-I- `m-j-bnÂ- inÀ-¡v- F-¶p- ]d-
bp-¶-Xv.- -
ssZ-h§ - Ä- H-¶ne- [- nI- a- p-s­-¶pw- B-
_-lp-ssZ-h§ - fnse-Ãmw-- h-ni- zk- n¡ - W- s- a-
¶pw {]-hm-N-I-·mÀ- ]-Tn-¸n-¨n-«n-Ã.- _-lp-
ssZ-h-§-fnÂ- hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶- a-X-k-ap-Zm-
b-§Ä- t]m-epw- X-§-fp-sS- b-YmÀ-Y- ssZ-
hw- G-I-\m-sW-¶p- ]-d-bm-dp-­v.- a-\p-jy-
25
a-\-Ên-s³-d- ZuÀ-_-ey-§-fnÂ- \n-¶p-S-se-
Sp-¯- H-cp- hn-izm-k-am-Wv- b-YmÀ-Y-¯nÂ-
_-lp-ssZ-h- hn-izm-kw.- AÀ-Y-iq-\y-hpw-
bp-ànl- K- \- h- p-am-b- hni- z- mk- a- m-Ws- X-¶v
Nn-´n-¨m-Â- hy-à-am-hpw. ssZ-h-¯n-sâ-
G-I-Xzw- hn-fn-t¨m-Xp-¶- A-t\-I-a-t\-Iw-
sX-fn-hp-IÄ- {]-]-©-¯n-se-hn-sS-bpw-
ImWmw.- F-¶mÂ- _-lp-ssZh-hm-Z¯ - n\- -
\p-Iq-e-am-b- H-cp- sX-fn-hpw- F-hn-sS-bpw-
I-s-­-¯p-hm³- km-[y-a-Ã-.-
_-lp-ssZ-h§-fnÂ- hn-i-z-kn-¡p-¶-
Hc-m-fp-sS- a-\-Êv- \n-c-´-c- kw-L-«-\-¯n-
em-bnc- n¡
- pw.- B-cne- m-Wv- AÀ-¸nt- ¡-­X- v?-
B-sc-bm-Wv- hn-fn-¨p- {]mÀ-Yn-t¡-­-Xv?-
B-cm-Wv- X-s³-d- {]-iv-\-§Ä- ]-cn-l-cn-¨p-
X-cn-I?- C-§-s\-bp-Å- tNm-Zy-§Ä- A-h-
s\- k-Zm- A-e-«n-s¡m-­n-cn-¡pw.- F-Ãm-
h-sc-bpw- hn-fn-¨p- {]mÀ-Yn-¡p-t¼m-gpw-
GXp- amÀ-Kh- pw- kzoI- c- n¡ - m-sa-¶v- sh-¡p-
t¼m-gpw- kw-L-«-\w- aq-À-On-¡pw.- _-lp-
ssZ-h- hnizm-kn-bp-sS- am-\-kn-I-m-h-kv-Y-
H-cp- D-]-a-bn-eq-sS- hn-ip-²- JpÀ-B³-
Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:
" AÃmlp CXm Hcp a\pjys\ D]a
bmbn FSp¯pImWn¨ncn¡p¶p. ]ckv
]cw hg¡Sn¡p¶ GXm\pw ]¦pIm
 cmWv Ahsâ bPam\³amÀ. Hcp bPam H¯ptNÀ¶m t]mepw. Cu¨ Ahcp
\\v am{Xw Iogvs]tS­-h\mb asämcm sS ]¡Â\n¶v hÃXpw X«nsbSp¯mÂ
sfbpw (D]abmbn FSp¯pImWn¨ncn AXnsâ ]¡Â \n¶v AXv tamNn¸ns¨
¡p¶p).- D]abn ChÀ c­p-t]cpw Sp¡m\pw AhÀ¡v IgnbnÃ. At]£n
Hcpt]msebmIptam? AÃmlphn\v ¡p¶h\pw At]£n¡s¸Sp¶h\pw
kvXpXn. ]t£,- Ahcn A[nI t]cpw ZpÀ_eÀ Xs¶''-(22:-73).-
Adnbp¶nÃ' -(39:-29)-. " AÃmlphn\v ]pdsa hà c£m[n
_-lp-ssZ-hh- ni- zmk- ns- b- ]-ck- v]- c- w- ImcnIsfbpw kzoIcn¨hcpsS D]a
A-h-Im-i-¯À-¡w- \-S-¯n-sIm-­n-cn-¡p- F«pImenbptSXv t]msebmIp¶p. AXv
¶- hn-hn-[- D-S-a-kv-Y-·m-cp-sS- Iq-«m-b- D-S- Hcp hoSp­-m¡n. hoSpIfn sh¨v
a-kv-Y-X-bn-ep-Å- H-cp- A-Sn-a-tbm-Sm-Wn-hn- Gähpw ZpÀ_eambXv F«pImenbpsS
sS- D-Zm-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.- G-I-ssZ-h- -hn-izm- hoSv Xs¶. AhÀ Imcyw a\Ênem¡n
kn-sb- H-c-m-fp-sS- am-{Xw- Io-gn-ep-Å- H-cp- bncp¶psh¦nÂ!''-(29:-41).-
h-t\m-Spw. H-¶n-e-[n-Iw- b-P-am-\-·-m-cp-Å- hni- Z- o-Ic- W
- w- B-hi- y-anÃ- m-¯- hn[- w-
inÀ-¡v- A-Y-hm- h-\v- H-cm-sf-bpw- th-­-hn-[-¯nÂ- tk-hn- kp-hy-à-hpw- Nn-´mÀ-l-hp-am-Wv- Cu- D-
_-lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm- ¡p-hm³- I-gn-bn-Ã.- ]-e- hn-[-¯n-ep-Å- ]-a-IÄ.-
kw- h-f-sc- Ku-c-h IÂ-]\- I- Ä-¡p- Io-gnÂ- B-ßk- w-LÀ-j- inÀ¡ - v- A-Yh- m- _-lp-ssZ-hh- ni- zmk- w-
a-\p-`-hn-¡m-sX- A-h-\v- Po-hn-¡p-hm³- I- h-f-sc- Ku-c-h-ap-Å- H-¶m-Wv.- Cu- {]-]-
apÅ- H-¶m-Wv.- Cu- gn-bn-Ã.- _-lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k¯n-s³-d- ©-¯n-se- N-cm-N-c-§Ä- ap-gp-h³- kr-jv-
{]-]-©-¯n-se- N-cm AÀ-Y-iq-\y-X- hy-à-am-¡p-¶- th-sd-bpw- Sn-¨v- kw-c-£n-¨p-sIm-­n-cn¡p-¶- kÀ-h-
Nc-§Ä- ap-gp-h³- D-]-a-IÄ- hn-ip-²- JpÀ-B³- hn-h-cn-¡p- i-à-\m-b- ssZ-h-¯n-s³-d- kv-Ym-\-hpw-
¶p-­v:- A-h-Im-im-[n-Im-c-§-fpw- bm-sX-m-cp- AÀ-
kr-jv-Sn-¨v- kw-c-£n- " h{IXbnÃmsX (EPpam\kcmbn) l-X-bp-an-Ãm-¯h-À-¡v ]-¦p-sh-¨p- sIm-
¨p-sIm-­n-cn¡p-¶- AÃmlphnte¡v Xncnªhcpw, Ah Sp-¡p-I- F-¶-Xv- h-f-sc- h-en-b- \-µn-tI-
kÀ-h-i-à-\m-b- ssZ- t\mSv bmsXm¶pw ]¦ptNÀ¡m¯hcp Sm-Wv.- A-Xp-sIm-­p-Xs- ¶ G-äh- pw- h-enb-
h-¯n-s³-d- kv-Ym-\- ambncn¡Ww (\n§Ä).- AÃmlpthmSv A-{I-a-hpw- s]m-dp-¡-s¸-Sm-¯- ]m-]-hp-am-
hÃh\pw ]¦ptNÀ¡p¶ ]£w Ah³ bn- hn-ip-²- JpÀ-B³- inÀ-¡n-s\- hn-ti-
hpw- A-h-Im-im-[n-Im- BImi¯p \n¶v hoWXv t]msebmIp jn-¸n-¡p-¶-p-­v-:
c-§-fpw- bm-sX-m-cp- ¶p. A§s\ ]£nIÄ Ahs\ dm©n ""Xt¶mSv ]¦ptNÀ¡s¸Sp¶Xv
AÀ-l-X-bp-an-Ãm-¯h- s¡m­-p t]mIp¶p. Asæn Imäv AÃmlp Hcn¡epw s]mdp¡pIbnÃ.
Ahs\ hnZqckvYet¯¡v sIm­p- AsXmgn¨pÅsXÃmw Ah³ Dt±in¡p
À-¡v ]-¦p-sh-¨p- t]mbn XÅp¶p''-(22:-31).- ¶hÀ¡v Ah³ s]mdp¯psImSp¡p¶
sImSp-¡p-I- F-¶-Xv- ZpÀ-_e- h- pw- A-Snb- p-d¸- nÃ- m-¯X- p-am-b- XmWv. BÀ AÃmlpthmSv ]¦ptNÀ¯p
h-f-sc- h-en-b- \-µn- kn-²m-´-am-W-sX-¶À-Yw.- A-Xn-s\- B- thm Ah³ XoÀ¨bmbpw KpcpXcamb
tI-Sm-Wv.- A-Xp-sIm- {i-bn- ¡p-¶h- s³-d- A-hk- Yv- - BImi¯p Hcp IpäIrXyamWv Na¨p­m¡nbncn
\n¶v hoWXv t]mse!- F-hns- S-bpw- X§n- ¡p¶Xv' (- 4:4- 8).-
­p-X-s¶ G-ä-hpw- \n¡ - m-sX- A-¸q-¸³- Xm-Sn- t]m-se- Ah- " XoÀ¨bmbpw inÀ¡ - v- henb A{Iaw
henb- A-{I-a-hpw- \-§s- \- ]-d¶- p-sIm-t­-bnc- n¡ - pw.- a-\Ê- - Xs¶bmIp¶p''(- 31:1- 3).-
s]m-dp-¡-s¸-Sm-¯- am-[m-\-hpw- Zp-cn-X- \n-hm-c-W-hpw- ssIh- H-cp- h-kv-Xp-sh- A-Xn-s³-d- kv-Ym-\-
cp-hm³- F-hns- S-sbm-s¡- sN-ÃW - w- ,- F§- ¯p- \n-¶pw- sX-än-¡p-¶-Xn-s\- A-{I-aw-
]m-]-hp-am-bn- hn-ip-²- s\-sbm-s¡- bm-Nn-¡-Ww- F-s¶m-¶pw- F-¶p- ]-db- p-¶p.- A-Ãm-lp-hm-Wv- {]-]©-
JpÀ-B³- inÀ-¡n-s\- Ah-\-v \ni- N-v b- n¡- m³- I-gnb- nÃ- .- A-hs³d- ¯n-s³-d- A-[n-]-\pw- B-cm-[y-\p-sa-¶pw-
hn-ti-jn-¸n-¡p-¶-p-­v.- a-\-Êv- N-©-e-am-bn-cn-¡pw.- F-´n-s\-bpw- A-h³- am-{X-am-Wv- B-c-m-[-\-bv-¡v- AÀ-l-
A-h\- v- t]-Snb- m-bnc- n¡
- pw.- a-säm-cp- kq-àw- s\-¶pap-ÅX- n\- v- A-t\-Iw- Zr-jSv- m-´§ - Ä-
Im-Wp-I-: {]-]-©-¯n-se§pw- Zr-iy-am-Wv.- \-½p-sS-
" a\pjytc, Hcp DZmlcWanXm ico-c-¯n-epw- A-Xv- {]-I-S-am-Wv.- F-¶n-
hnhcn¡s¸Sp¶p. \n§Ä AXv {i²n¨p «pw- A-\p-am-\-§-sf- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-am-¡n-
tIÄ¡pI. XoÀ¨bmbpw AÃmlphn\v tbm- ]qÀhn-I-·m-sc-- A-Ô-am-bn- A-\p-I-
]pdsa \n§Ä hnfn¨p {]mÀXvYn¡p cn-t¨m- BÀ-s¡-¦n-epw,- F-´-n-s\-¦n-epw
¶hÀ Hcp Cu¨sbt¸mepw krjvSn¡p Zn-hy-Xzw- IÂ-]n-¡p-¶-XnÂ- ]-cw- A-{I-a-
IbnÃ. AXn¶mbn AhscÃmhcpw sa-´p-­v?-
2007 B-K-kv-äv- 26
{]-Xn-I-c-Ww-

amwk-`-£Ww
thZ hncp-²-am-sWt¶m?
{_mÒ-WI
- p-e¯
- n P\n-¡p-Ib
- pw {_mÒWyw A\p-jvTn-¡p-Ib
- pw tjmUi
IÀa-imkv{Xw A\p-k-cn¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-h-cmWv t£{X-hp-ambn
_Ô-s¸« ]qPm-Zn-Im-cy-§Ä

ico^v tate-XnÂ
a\p-jy-\-S-¡-apÅ Poh-Pm-e-§-fpsS \ne-\nÂ]-nsâ ASn-Øm-\ -L-S-I-§-
fn H¶v `£-Wa-m-Wv. `£y-tbm-Ky-am-b-sX´pw Ah-\-hsâ kml-N-cy-
§fpw km[y-X-I-fp-a-\p-k-cn¨v G¡m-e¯pw a\p-jyÀ Blm-c-ambn kzoI-
cn-¨n-«p-­v. F¶m `£-W-¯n-\mbn Pohn-Isf sImÃp-¶Xv {I-qc-Xbpw
lnwk-bp-amWv,- ]g-§fpw ^e-§fpw ]¨-¡d- nI- fpw am{Xw Xn¶m-hp¶ {]Ir-
X-amWv a\p-jy-cn kl-Pa- m-bp-ÅXv XpS-§nb hm-ZK- X- nI- Ä Ime-§f- mbn
\ne\- n¡p-¶p-­v. Ct¸m-gm-Is« Cu hmZ-¯n\v {]am-WnI- X- bpw imkv{X-
]-cn-th-jhpw NmÀ¯m-\pÅ {ia-§fpw ià-am-Wv. 2007 Pq¬ amk-¯n-en-
2007 B-K-kv-äv- 27

k´m\ k¼Â k-ar-²n-
¡mbn _rl-Zm-c-Wy-tIm-]-\n-
jXv "]p{X-aÙw' F¶ D]m-
k\ ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶p-­v.
AXn ]Þn-X\pw {]kn-
²\pw k`-If- n t]m-Ip-¶-
h\pw aäp-Åh - À tIÄ¡m³
B{K-ln-¡p-¶ -hm-¡p-IÄ
]d-bp-¶-h-\p-amb ]p{Xs\
e`n-¡m-\pÅ amÀK-w ]Tn-¸n-
¡p-¶-Xn-§-s\-bm-W-v :-
" Ah³ FÃm thZ-§fpw
]Tn¡-Ww, \qdv hÀjw Pohn-
¨n-cn-¡Ww F¶m-{Kn-¡p-¶-
hÀ amwk-t¯m-Sp-IqSn Acn-
]mIw sNbvXv s\¿v tNÀ¯v
Ign-¡W - w. F¦n AhÀ¡v
A{]-Im-c-ap-ff ]p{X³ P\n-
¡p-¶-Xm-Wv ' .-
2007 B-K-kv-äv-
d-§nb "BÀj-\mZw'-
amkn-I-bn BNm-cy -
\-tc-{µ-`q-j¬ amwkm-
lmcw thZ-hn-cp-²hpw
imkv { X- h n- c p²hpam-
sW-¶mWv Øm]n-¡p-
¶-X!v
""t{XXm-bp-Km-cw`w
hsc Ejn-am-cpsS alm-
t{]-cW \nan¯w BÀ
j-a-Xm-\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS
BNm- c - h n- N m- c - § Ä
]hn-{Xhpw D¶-Xhpw
t{ijvT-hp-am-bn-cp-¶p-
sb¶pw ]n¶oSv ZpÀtZ-h³amcpsS k¼À
¡hpw kwkÀKhpw \nan¯w BÀj -
cm-Pm-¡³ - amcpw amwk-`p-¡p-If - mbn'' F¶p-
amWv At±lw ]d-ªp- sh-¡p-¶-Xv.
`mc-X¯ - nse Gähpw ]ucm-Wn-Ia- mb
kaq-l-s¯-¡-p-dn-¨pÅ [mc-W-IÄ e`n-
¡p-¶-Xv, _me-Kw-Km-[c Xne-I-s\-t¸m-
ep-Å-hÀ ]Xn-\m-bn-cw sImÃs¯ ]g
¡w Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sp-Ibpw Ncn-{X-¯nsâ
{]mam-WnI tcJ-If - n 2500-þÂ]cw hÀj-
§Ä hsc ]g-¡w A\p-am-\n-¡-s¸-Sp-
Ibpw sN¿p¶ EtKz-Z-¯n \n¶m-Wv.
EtKz-Z kaq-l-s¯-¡p-dn¨v ]Tn-¨mÂ
AhÀ¡n-Sb - n amwk-`£ - Ww {`jvSm-N-
c-§t- fm-sSm¯v Ib-dn-h¶ Hcp Zqjy-aÃ
bn-cp-¶p;- a-dn-¨v- Ah-cpsS kzm`m-hn-Im-l-
m-c-am-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶p F-¶-mWv a\-Ê-n-em-
¡m³ Ign-bp-¶-Xv.
"`mc-Xo-bX X\n-abpw s]men-abpw'
F¶ Xsâ {KÙ-¯n EtKz-Z- k-aq-l-
s¯-¸än tUm.- [Àa-cmPv ASm-«v- ]d-bp-
¶p:-
""BSv, sN½-cn-bm-Sv, ]ip, \mb, IpXn-
c, Fcp-a, Imf, ]cp-´v, XpS-§nb ]£n-
ar-Km-Zn-Isf AhÀ sa-cp¡n hfÀ¯n-bn-
cp-¶p. `£-W-¯n\v th­n sImÃp¶
arK-§-fpsS tXmep-sIm­v hkv{Xhpw
Krtlm-]I - c - W- §
- fpw AhÀ D­m-¡n-bn-
cp-¶p'' (t]Pv 46).-
arK-_-enbpw \c-_-enbpw EtKz-Z -
k-aq-l-¯n km[m-c-W-am-bn-cp-¶p. \c-
_-en¡v hn[n-¡-s¸« iq\x- ti^-sâ
IYbpw C{µ-\p-th­n 20 Imf-I-sfbpw
300 Fcp-aI - s - fbpw tlman-¨I - Y - bpw EtKz-
Z-¯nÂXs¶ ]d-bp-¶p-­v.
28
amwk-`-£Ww Ejn-amÀ CjvS-s¸-«n-
cp-¶n-söpw Nne-cn am{Xw ]n¡m-
e-¯p-­mb {`jvSm-Nm-ca- m-sW¶pw \tc-
{µ-`q-j¬ hmZn-¡p-¶p-­v. Cu ZpÀhr-
¯n¡v ISn-ªm-Wn-Sp-¶X - n\v th­n Ejn-
amÀ ""hrYm amwkw \miv-\o-bmXv'' (sh-
dpsX amwkw `£n-¡c - p-Xv) F¶v hne¡v
sIm­p-h¶ - n-cp-¶p-hs - {X.
C¸-d-ª-sXÃmw EtKzZ Ime-L-«-
¯nse Ejn-amsc kw_-Ôn-¨m- s - W-¦nÂ
hkvXp-Xm-]c- a- Ã- F¶v ]d-tb-­n-bn-cn-¡p-
¶p. `-c-Zzm-P³ F¶ Ejn ]ip-amw-k-
t¯m-sS-bpÅ `£-W¯ - n-\p-th­n C{µ-
t\mSv bmNn-¡p-¶-Xm-bmWv EtKzZw ]Tn-
¸n-¡p-¶-Xv.-(6:39.1) .-\qdp-IW-¡n\v Imf-
I-sfbpw Fcp-a-I-sfbpw C{µ-\p-th­n
Iim¸v sNbvXn-cp-¶X - n-s\-¸än ]cm-aÀin-
¡p¶ tUm: [Àa--cmPv ""DbÀ¶- \n-e-hm-c-
apÅ Imf-sb-¸än Xoä-{]n-b³'' F¶mWv
C{µs\ hnti-jn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv.
k´m\ k¼Â k- a r- ² n- ¡ mbn
_rl-Zm-c-Wy-tIm-]-\n-jXv "]p{X-aÙw'
F¶ D]m-k\ ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶p-­v. AXnÂ
]Þn-X\pw {]kn-²\pw k`-If - n t]m-
Ip-¶-h\pw aäp-Å-hÀ tIÄ¡m³ B{K-
ln-¡p-¶ -hm-¡p-IÄ ]d-bp-¶-h-\p-amb
]p{Xs\ e`n-¡m-\pÅ amÀK-w ]Tn-¸n-¡p-
¶-Xn-§-s\-bm-W:-v ""Ah³ FÃm thZ-
- m- §fpw ]Tn¡-Ww, \qdv hÀjw Pohn-¨n-
cn-¡Ww F¶m-{Kn-¡p-¶h - À amwk-t¯m-
Sp-IqSn Acn-]mIw sNbvXv s\¿v tNÀ¯v
Ign-¡-Ww. F¦n AhÀ¡v A{]-Im-c-
ap-ff ]p{X³ P\n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv''.-
amXm]nXm-¡Ä¡v \Ã a¡-fp-­m-hm-
\mWv _rl-Zm-c-Wy-tIm-]-\n-j¯v Imf-
¡p-«n-bpsS amwk-t¯msS Acn ]mIw
sNbvXv s\¿v tNÀ¯v Ign-¡m³ (C-¶
s¯ _o^v _ncn-bm-Wn) \nÀtZ-in-¡p-
¶-Xv. At¸mÄ BNmcy \tc-{µ-`q-j¬
hmZn-¡p¶ {]Imcw amwkw ZpÀhr-¯n-
bm-sW-¶Ã;- adn¨v A\n-hm-cyhpw \·-
bp-am-sW-¶mWv CXnÂ\n¶pw a\-Ên-em-
¡m-\m-hp-¶X - v.
hkvXp-X-I-fn-X-m-bn-cns¡ "tKmh[w'
]e-t¸mgpw cmjv{So-b-hÂI-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-I
bpw hÀK-ob Iem-]-§Ä¡v \nan-¯-am-
bn-¯o-cp-Ibpw sNbvXn-«p-­v. Fw.-F-kv.
tKmÄhmÄ-¡À hnNm-c-[m-c-bpsS c­mw
]Xn-¸n ]d-bp-¶p:-
 aä-ml
- mcw In«msX {]mW-kw-ibw hcp-t¼mgpw tcmKw \nan-¯hpw amwkw
Ign-¡mw. krjvSn-IÀ¯mhv kI-eX - n-s\bpw Pohsâ `£-Wa- mbn IÂ]n-
¨n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. hr£-e-Xm-Xn-Ifpw ]ip-]-£ym-Zn-I-fp-saÃmw {]mWsâ
`£-Wa- m-W.v Nc-§Ä¡v AN-c§ - fpw Z-wjv{S-bp-Åh- bv¡
- v- Zw-j{v S-bn-Ãm¯-
hbpw I¿p-Åh - bv¡v I¿n-Ãm-¯h - bpw iucy-ap-Åh- bv¡v `ocp-¡fpw t`mP-
\-am-Ipw. `£y-tbm-Ky-§-fmb {]mWn-Isf `£n-¡p-¶-h\v tZmj-an-Ã.

""tKml-Xy- Cu cmPy¯v XpS-§n-bXv ¯n ]d-bp-¶p:- dm\sU-, `ÞmÀ¡À, tKmJ-se XpS-

sshtZ-inI B[n-]X - y-t¯mSv IqSn-bm-W.v
apl-½-Zo-bÀ AXm-cw-`n-¡p-Ibpw {_n«o-
jp-ImÀ AXv XpS-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXn
\m \½-fn AsXmcp If-¦-am-Wv.
C¶v \mw kzmX{´yw k¼m-Zn-¨v I-gn-
ªp. AtXmSp-IqSn FÃm If-¦-§fpw
ambv¨v If-tb-­X - m-Wv''- (t]Pv: 685).-
"apkven-w {Iqc-X'--bpsS {]Xo-I-ambn
"tKmh['s¯ Ah-Xc - n-¸n-¡p-Ibpw Iem-
]-§Ä¡v km[yX Is­-¯p-Ibpw sN
¿pI F¶Xv F¡m-e-s¯bpw lnµpXz
AP-­-bpsS `mK-am-Wv. F¶m lnµp-
Xz-hm-Zn-IÄ DbÀ¯n-¸n-Sn-¡p¶ cma-e-
£vaW - ³amÀ Xs¶ tKmÄhmÄ¡À ]d-
bp¶ "If¦w' ]än-bh - c- m-sW¶v \½-fnÂ
F{X-t]À¡dn-bmw?- cmam-bWw Bc-Wy-
ImÞ¯n- (53:102) ]d-bp-¶p.
Xu X{X lXzm NX-pt- cm a- l - m-ar-Km³
hcml ariyw ]riXw alm-c-pcpw
BZmb ta[yw XzcnXw _p`p-£nXu
hmkmb Imte b bXp-À h\-k] v Xnw
""AhnsS sh¨v sImÃm-hp¶ ]¶n,
am³, ]pÅn-am³, h³I-cn-am³ F¶o
\mep-Xcw arK-§sf sIms¶Sp¯v hni-
¸pÅ AhÀ þcma e£va-W³amÀþ ac-
¨p-h-«n-te¡v thKw bm{X-bm-bn''.-
C{µ³ iN-o-tZ-hnsb F¶-t]mse
{iocm-a³ aZyw ssIsIms­-Sp¯v koX
sb IpSn-¸n-¨Xpw ]e-Xcw amwk-§fpw
\¶m-sbmcp¡nb ]g-hÀK-§fpw cma\v
Ign-¡m-\mbn the-¡mÀ thKw sIm­v
sImSp-¯Xpw D¯-cI - m-Þ¯ - nepw (4.2.18-
þ20) cmam-bWw ]d-bp-¶p-­v.
s{]m^-kÀ F - ³ tKm]n-\m-Y³ \mb
À a\p-k-var-Xn-s¡-gp-Xnb ]p\-cm-Jym-\-
""bmKw sN¿p-¶-Xn\pw amXm-]n-Xm-
¡Ä- F-¶n-hsc kwc-£n-¡p-¶Xn-\p- a- mbn
imkv{X hnln-X§ - f - mb arK-§sf h[n¨v
amwk-ap-­m-¡m-sa-¶pw, bmK-¯n a{´
]qÀh-w l\\w sN¿p¶ ]ip-hnsâ amw
kw `£n-¡m-sa¶pw [Àa-imkv{X-§f - nÂ
{][m-\-s¸« a\p [Àaimkv{Xw ]d-bp-
¶p. a\pkvarXn-bnse amwk -hn[n C{]-
Imc-amWv. a{´w P]n¨v t{]m£Ww
sNbvXv bÚ-¯n l\\w sNbvX
]izm-Zn-If - psS amwkw {_mlva- W - \v CO-
bp-s­-¦n Hcp {]mhiyw am{Xw `£n-
¡mw. hn[n {]Imcw a[p ]À¡-¯nepw
{im²-¯nepw \nbp-à\ - mbn amwkw `pPn-
¡mw. aä-ml - mcw In«msX {]mW-kw-ibw
hcp-t¼mgpw tcmKw \nan-¯hpw amwkw
Ign-¡mw. krjvSn-IÀ¯mhv kI-e-Xn-
s\bpw Pohsâ `£-W-ambn IÂ]-n-¨n-
cn-¡p-Ib - m-Wv. hr£-eX - m-Xn-Ifpw ]ip-]-
£ym-Zn-I-fp-saÃmw {]mWsâ `£-W-am-
Wv. Nc-§Ä¡v AN-c§ - fpw Z-wjv{S-bp-Å-
hbv¡- v- Zw-jv{S-bn-Ãm-¯h - bpw I¿p-Åh - bv
¡v I¿n-Ãm-¯-hbpw iucy-ap-Å-hbv¡v
`ocp-¡fpw t`mP-\a- m-Ipw. `£y-tbm-Ky-§-
fmb {]mWn-Isf `£n-¡p-¶-h\v tZmj-
an-Ã. `£y-§-fmb {]mWn-I-sfbpw `£n-
¡p-¶-h-scbpw krjvSn-¨Xv {_Òmhv
Xs¶-bm-W-tÃ'' (a-\p-kvarXn ]p\-cm-
Jym\w,- s{]m-^-kÀ F³.- tKm]n-\m-
Y³\m-bÀ-,- -t]Pv 53-þ54).-
`mc-X-¯nsâ ]g-abpw ]mc-¼-cy-hp-
apÅ `£-Wco-Xn-bn amwkw IqSn
DÄs¸Sp-sa¶v taÂ]-d-ªXn-Â \n¶pw
a\-Ên-em-¡mw. {_n«ojv C´y-bn lnµp-
a-X-¯nse _mey-hn-hmlw \ntcm-[n-¡-
W-sa¶mh-iy-s¸«v alm-tZh tKmhnµv
§nb ]cnjvIc-Wh - m-Zn-IÄ cwK¯v h¶-
t¸mÄ ""lnµp-aXw A]-I-S-¯nÂ, [Àa-
im-kv{Xm-\p-im-k-\-§sf ]p\x-Øm-]n-
¡Ww'' F¶n apd-hn-fn-¡q-«n-s¡m­v Hcp
hn`mKw {]Xn-Ic - n-¡p-Ib - p-­m-bn. [Àa-im-
kv{Xm-\p-im-k\ - §- sf Bcpw sXm«p-t]m-
I-cp-sX¶pw- Ah ]p\x-Øm-]n-¡-W-sa
¶pw KÀP-n¨ Xne-It- \mSv d-m\sU tNmZn
¨ Imcy-§Ä {]k-à-am-Wv:-
""\½Ä F´mWv ]p\-cp-²-cn-t¡
­Xv?- ]{´-­p- Xcw _em¡mcs¯
DÄs¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw a-n{ihpw A\m-im-ky-
hp-amb ssewKnI thgvN AwKo-I-cn-¡p-
Ibpw sN¿p¶ F«p-Xcw hnhm-l-§Ä
]p\-cp-²c- n-¡t- Wm?-.....- sImÃ-¯n ap¶q-
ä-dp-]-¯©v Znh-khpw ]ehn[ P´p-
¡-sf- sIm¶pXÅnb tlma-Ip-Þ-§-
sfbpw tZh {]oXn-¡mbn \S-¯nb \c-
ta-[¯ - b- p-amtWm ]p\-cp-²c - n-t¡-­Xv?''-
(ka-\z-bhpw kwLÀjhpwþ `mc-Xob
kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ apJy {]h-W-X-IÄ,-
s{]m-^.- ]n.- A-c-hn-µm-£³,- t]Pv 62).-
thZ-§f - psS bm-ÚnI hymJym-\§ - -
fmb {_mÒ-W-§Ä Hcp aXm-\p-jvTm-\-
am¡n- hnI-kn-¸n-s¨-Sp¯ arK-_en aqhm
-bn-c¯n Aªq-dnÂ]cw hÀj-§-fmbn
ChnsS \ne-\n¡p-¶p-­v. ASp-¯-Im-
e¯v t\¸mÄ cmPmhv C´y -k-µÀin-¨-
t¸mÄ ssZh-{]o-Xn-¡mbn c­v {][m\
t£{X-§f - n arK-_en \S-¯n-bn-cp-¶p.
BNm-cy³amtcm k\ym-kn-amtcm A¶v
arK-_-ensb FXnÀ¯-Xmbn {i²-bnÂ
s]-«n-«n-Ã. Hdo-k-bnse tI{µ-¸m-d- Pn-Ã-
bn \qdp- I W- ¡ n\v BSp- a m- S p- I sf
t£{X-§Ä¡p-ap-¶n IpcpXn sImSp¯
hmÀ¯ 2002 HIvtSm-_À 13\v ]{X-§f - nÂ

2007 B-K-kv-äv- 29

_en \S-¯n-bn-cp¶ arK-§-
fpsS amwkw `£n-¡p-I -
Xs¶-bm-WtÃm sNbvXn-cp-
¶Xv-.- s]mXpsh kky-`p-¡p-
I-fm-bn-cp¶p F¶v ]d-b-s¸-
Sp-¶ Bcy³amÀ amwkw
Ign¨v XpS-§nbXv Xs¶
bmKm-\-´capÅ amwk-
¯nsâ kpe-`y-X-sIm-­m-bn-
cp-¶p. bmK-¯n at{´m-¨m-
c-Wt- ¯msS l\\w sNbvX
arK-¯nsâ amwkw `£n-¡p-
¶-Xn sXän-söv AhÀ
hn[n-¨n-cp-¶p.
2007 B-K-kv-äv-
h¶n-cp-¶p. tIc-f-¯n
se H«p-an¡ {]mNo\
t£{X-§f - nepw ImWp
¶ _en-¡Â]p-cI - fpw
_en-¡-Ãp-Ifpw arK-
_-en-bpsS ]g-¡-¯n-
sâbpw ]mc-¼-cy-¯n-
sâbpw {]Xo-I-§Ä
Xs¶-bm-W.v
"sshZn-I k - m-ln-Xy-
N-cn{Xw'- F¶ Xsâ
IrXn-bnepw BNmcy
\tc-{µ-`q-j-¬- arK-_
en sshZnIasöv
hmZn-¡p-¶p-­.v At±lw ]d-bp-¶p-:- ""]nÂ
¡m-e¯v bÚ-§-fn P´p-_en \S-
¸n-em-bn. CXv sshZn-Itam GsX-¦n-epw-
X-c-¯n A\p-tam-Z-\mÀltam AÃ-X-
s¶. ]n¶oSv sshjvW-h³ [m\y-am-hv
sIm-­p­m¡nb bÚ-]ip-hns\ D]-
tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p'' (t]-Pv- 37).-
F¶m EtKz-ZI - m-e¯v Xs¶ IpXn-
c-sbbpw ]ip-hn-s\bpw bÚ-ar-K§ - f - m
bn D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp-¶p-sh-¶mWv ]T-\§ - Ä
sXfn-bn-¡p-¶-Xv. "\h Bcy-hm-Z-¯nsâ
cmjv{Sobw'- F¶ IrXn-bn F³-. -Fw.
lpssk³ kwkvIrX ]Þn-X³amcnÂ
At{K-k-c-\mb hnÂksâ hm¡p-IÄ
D²-c-n-¡p-¶p. ""lnµp BNm-c-§-fpsS
BZy-L-«-¯n IpXn-c-sbtbm ]ip-hn-
s\tbm tlman-¡p¶ Aiz-ta-[hpw tKm
ta-[hpw km[m-cW - b - m-bn-cp-¶p''- (t]Pv46).-
_en \S-¯n-bn-cp¶ arK-§-fpsS
amwkw `£n- ¡ p- I - X - s ¶- b m- W tÃm
sNbvXn-cp-¶X.-v s]mXpsh kky-`p-¡p-
I-fm-bn-cp¶p F¶v ]d-b-s¸-Sp-¶ Bcy
³amÀ amwkw Ign¨v XpS-§n-bXv Xs¶
bmKm-\´ -- capÅ amwk-¯nsâ kpe-`y-
X-sIm-­m-bn-cp-¶p. bmK-¯n at{´m-¨m-
c-Wt- ¯msS l\\w sNbvX arK-¯nsâ
amwkw `£n-¡p-¶X - n sXän-söv AhÀ
hn[n-¨n-cp-¶p.
sdaoe Ym¸À ]d-bp-¶p:- ""\à {_m
Ò-W³ ]ip-hns\t]mepÅ bÚ-ar-K-
¯nsâ amwkw `£n-¡W - s- a¶pw ab-¡p-
a-cp-¶nsâ kz`m-h-apÅ tkmaw- -b-Ú-
§-fpsS `mK-ambn IpSn-¡-W-sa-¶p-apÅ
\n_-Ô-\-IÄ thZ-§-fn hyà-am-
bp­v'' (hÀK-o-b-Xbpw Ncn{X ss]-Xr-I-
30
h-pw,- t]Pv 46).-
bmK-§-fnse hym]-I-amb arK-_en
\n¶-tXmsS amwkw e`n-¡msX h¶-t¸m-
gmWv amwk `£Ww {_mÒ-Wc- psS `£-
W-{I-a¯ - n \n¶pw A{]-Xy-£a- m-Ip-¶-
Xv. iin-[-c³ sN¼-g-´n-bn "lnµp-hn
sâ ]pkvXI - ¯- nÂ' ]d-bp-¶p:- ""F¶mÂ
BNm- c y- h ÀK- ¯ n bmK- i m- e - b nÂ
at{´m-¨m-cW - t- ¯msS l\n¨ arK-¯nsâ
amwkw am{Xsa `£n-¡mhq F¶ \nbaw
]n¶oSv hn\-bm-bn-¯o-cp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
bÚ-im-eI - fpw arK-_e- nbpw sI«-S§
- n-
b-tXmsS A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amb amwkw e`n-
¡msX hcn-Ibpw {ItaW amwkw Ah-
cpsS `£W {Ia-¯nÂ\n¶v A{]-Xy-
£-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp'' (t]-Pv 92).-
b´-§fpw bÚ-§fpw \ne-\n¶
Ime-L-«-¯n tKmh-[-¯n-s\-Xnsc
ià-ambn cwK¯v h¶Xv A{_m-Ò-W-
cm-bn-cp-¶p. bÚ-¯nsâ t]cn sIm
¶p-XÅp¶ \qdp-I-W-¡n\v Imen-IÄ
Zmcn-{Zy-¯n\pw ]«n-Wn¡pw Imc-W-am-bn-
¯o-cp-sa-¶-hÀ `b-s¸-«n-cp-¶p. P\-§-
fmWv Cu Bi¦ ià-ambn {]I-Sn-¸n¨
Xv-. s{]m-^-kÀ- ]n.- A-c-hn-µm-£³- ]-d-
bp-¶p-:-
""ImÀjnI hnImkwsIm­v s]s«¶p
­mb Hcp ^ew I¶p-Imen k¼-¯nsâ
{]m[m-\ys¯ kw_-Ôn¨ ]pXnb t_m
t[m-Zb - a- m-Wv. Blm-c¯ - n\pw A\p-jvTm-
\-¯n\pw th­n Iim¸-v sN¿m-\p-ÅX - m
Wv tKm¡Ä F¶ [mc-Wtb BZy-ap-
­m-bn-cp-¶p-Åq-. Hmtcm-bÚ - ¯
- n-sâbpw
t]cp-]dªv \qdp-IW-¡n\v ]ip-¡-sf-
bmWv sIm¶p-XÅn-b-Xv. Hcp bÚ-
¯n\v ]pÅn ¸-ip-¡Ä, asäm-¶n\v sN¼
³ ]ip-¡Ä, aq¶m-a-sXm-¶n a¨n¸-ip-
¡Ä,- Nne bÚ-§Ä¡v Imf-IÄ C§
s\ \ntXy-\s - b-t¶mWw \qdp-IW-¡n\.-
vDÂ]mZ\ {]{In-b-bn D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-
hp¶ Chsb C§s\ sIm¶p-Xn¶v apSn-
¡p-¶Xv _p²n-tam-i-am-sW¶ t_m[w
Irjn-hr-¯nbn-epw AtXmSp- _Ô-s¸«
km¼-¯nI hym]m-c-§-fnepw GÀs¸«
P\-§Ä¡n-S-bn ]c-¶p. P´p-_en
Ah-km-\n-¸n-¨n-sÃ-¦n apSnªv t]mIpw
F¶v AhÀs¡¦nepw t_m[y-am-bn. tKm
h[ \ntcm-[-\-¯n-\mbn A¶v hmZn-¨Xv
{_mÒ-W-cà A{_m-Ò-W-cmWv F¶Xv
{it²-b-amWv''- (k-a\zbhpw kwLÀj

hpw;- `mc-Xob kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ apJy-
{]-h-W-X-IÄ t]Pv 72, 73).-
F¶m ]ip-hns\ sImÃp-¶Xpw
amwk-`£ - Ww Ign-¡p-¶Xpw ]m]-am-sW
¶m-Wv- tUm.- Fw.- BÀ. cmtPjnsâ Imgv
N-¸mSv.- alm-`m-cXw im´n-]Àhw 265-þ47,48
tÇmI-§Ä D²--cn¨vsIm­v At±lw ]d-
bp-¶p:- ""ALv\y F¶Xv tKmh-nsâ t]
cm-Wv. sImÃm³ ]mSn-Ãm-¯-sX-¶ÀY-w.
AXns\ sImÃm³ BÀ¡mWv AÀl-
X?- ]ip-hn-s\tbm Imf-I-sftbm Bew-
`\w sN-¿p-I- h-gn- a-lm- lm-\n-bm-Wv- h-
cp-¯n-sh-¡p-¶-Xv.- tKmam-Xm-hn-s\bpw
hrj-` -{]-Pm-]-Xn-sbbpw sImÃpI F¶
Cu A\p-NnX IÀa-¯n R§Ä ZpxJn-
X-cm-sW ¶v Ejn-amÀ \lp-j-t\mSv ]d-
ªp. CXv \nan¯w 101 tcmK-§Ä kÀh
{X hym]n-¡p-w-'' (th-Z-¯nse \nKq-V-c-
lkyw,- t]Pv 30).-
52þmw t]Pn ho­pw ]d-bp-¶p:-
""`£Wap­m- ¡ p- t ¼mÄ sNdnb
Pohn-IÄ XobnÂs]«v N¯p-t]mtb-¡mw.
AXv \mw t_m[-]qÀhw sN¿p¶XÃ.
`£-W-¯nsâ Hcwiw aäv Pohn-IÄ¡v
\ÂIn-bm B ]m]w CÃm-Xm-Ip-¶p.
F¶m `£-W-¯n\v th­n Hcp Po
hnsb sImÃp-¶Xpw ]mIw sN¿p-¶Xpw
]m]-am-Wv. Ascbpw sImÃm³ \ap¡v
Ah- I m- i - a n- Ã . A§s\ sNbv X mÂ
AXnsâ ^ew \mw A\p-`h - nt¨ aXnbm-
Iq. sImÃp-¶h - \pw ]mIw sN¿p-¶h - \pw
Xn¶p-¶-h\pw in£ e`n-¡pw.''
tKmlXy F¶ ""]m]w'' bmK-§f - nepw
bÚ-§f - nepw am{X-aà - , [Àa-im-kv{X-{K-
Ù-§fn-epw- `£-W-ambn amwks¯
hn[n-¡p-¶p. EtKzZ Imes¯ P\X
apXÂ C¶p-hsc F¶mWv a-\p-jy- À - -B
2007 B-K-kv-äv-
Bhmk hyh-Øb - n Pohn-If- n H¶v H¶nsâ `£-Wa- m-Wv. a\p-jyÀ¡v
aäp- Pohn-I-fn \n¶pw Xn¶m³ A\p-h-Zn-¡-s¸-«-h AÔ-hn-izm-k-§-
fpsS t]cn XÅn¸-d-tb-­-Xn-Ã. _p²-a-X-sa¶ Hcp Bibw Xs¶
cq]-s¸-«-¯nsâ Imc-W-§-fn H¶v ChnsS \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶ P´p-_-en-
bm-bn-cp¶p F¶v hne-bn-cp-¯-s¸-Sp¶ kml-N-cy-¯n C¶ seIfnse
bmYmÀY-y§ - f- psS ta \mw a®n-tS-­X - n-Ã. `qan-bn a\p-jyÀ¡mbn kwhn-
[m-\n-¡s- ¸« At\Iw Blm-c§ - f- n amwk-hp-ap-­v.
""]m]w''- sN¿m-Xn-cp-¶n-«p-Å-Xv?- tUm. Ign-¡s- «. aX-§tfm thZ-§tfm AXn\v
F³.-hn.-]n. DWn-¯n-cn-]d- b - p-¶p:- ""hmkvX- FXn-c-Ã-Xm-\pw.
h-¯n ]­v apXÂt¡ sshZnI {_m
Ò-W-cpÄs¸sS, lnµp-¡Ä tKmamw-k-a-
A-he- w-_§
- Ä-:-
1).- `m-cX
- o-bX - :- - X-\n-ab
- pw- s]m-en-ab- pw,-
S¡w Ign-¨n-cp-¶p. C¶pw Imivaocnepw
tUm.- [À-a-cm-Pv- A-Sm-«v,- ssa-{Xn-- _p-Iv-kv-
Bkm-anepw B ]Xn-hp-­v. hS¡p-In-g-
Xn-cp-c-\-´-]p-cw,- 2005 H-Iv-tSm-_À.-
¡³ kwØm-\§ - f - n sNe-hp-Ip-dª
Blm-cs - a¶ \ne-bn tKmamwkw an¡- 2).- ln-µ-p-Xz-hpw- ln-µp-a-X-hpw,- tUm.-
hcpw Ign-¡p-¶p-­v'' (ln-µp-Xzhpw lnµp- F³.- hn.-]n. DWn-¯n-cn-,- H-eo-hv- ]-»n-
a-Xhpw,- t]Pv 97).- t¡-j-³-kv-,- 2002 Pq¬.-
tKmlXy ]m]-am-sW¶v ]dªv a\p- 3).- k-a\zbhpw kwLÀjhpw;- `mc-
kvarXn t]mepÅ [Àa-im-kv{X-{K-Ù§ - Xob kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ apJy-{]-h-W-X-
sf X-Ån-¡f - b
- m-³- C-¡q-«À- X-bm-dm-hptam? IÄ,- s{]m-^-kÀ- ]n.- A-c-hn-µm-£³-,- Nn-
s]cn-bmÀ- C.-hn. cma-kzm-an-bpsS "a\p- ´- ]-»n-t¡-j³-kv,- 2006 Pq¬.-
kvarXnbpw hÀW-hyh-Øbpw'- F¶ 4).- sshZn-I k - m-ln-Xy-Nc - n{Xw,- BNm
{KÙ-¯nse Hc-[ym-b-¯nsâ Xes¡- cy \tc-{µ-`q-j-¬,- tI-c-f- km-ln-Xy- A-
«p- Xs¶ amwk`p¡p-I-fmb {_mÒ-WÀ ¡m-Z-an,- Xr-iqÀ,- 1990.-
F¶m-Wv. C.- hn. cma-kzman ]d-bp-¶p:- 5).- th-Z¯ - nse \nKq-Vc- l - kyw,- tUm.-
""Btcm-Ky-¯nsâ t]mj-W¯ - n-\mbn Fw.- BÀ. cmtPjv,- ]qÀ-W- ]-»n-t¡j³-
{_mlvWÀ¡v GXv Pohn-I-sfbpw Znh- kv,- 2006 amÀ-¨v.-
tk\ `£n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. Poh-\p-Å-h- 6).- lnµp-hnsâ ]pkvXI - w,- iin-[c - ³
bpsS amwkw `£n-¡p-¶-Xnsâ t]cn sN¼-g-´n-bnÂ,- s]³-_p-Iv-kv.-
{_mÒ-WÀ¡v bmsXmcp ]m]hpw hn[n- 7).- \h Bcy-hm-Z¯ - nsâ cmjv{Sobw,-
¨n-«n-Ã''-(a-\p-kvarXn,- A[ymbw 5þ30).- F³-. -Fw. lpssk³,- sF.- ]n.- F-¨v,-
Bhmk hyh-Ø-bn Pohn-I-fn tIm-gn- t- ¡m-Sv.-
H¶v H¶nsâ `£-W-am-Wv. a\p-jyÀ¡v 8)-.- hÀ-Ko-b-X-bpw- N-cn-{X- ss]-Xr-I-
aäp- Pohn-I-fn \n¶pw Xn¶m³ A\p- hpw.- sdm-ao-e- Ym-¸À.- Nn-´- ]-»n-t¡-j³-
h-Zn-¡-s¸-«-h AÔ-hn-izm-k-§-fpsS kv,- 2006 amÀ-¨v.-
t]cn XÅn ]d-tb-­-Xn-Ã. _p²-a-X-
sa¶ Hcp Bibw Xs¶ cq]-s¸-«-¯n 9).- a\p-kva-r-Xnbpw hÀW-hyh-Ø
sâ Imc-W-§-fn H¶v ChnsS \ne-\n- bpw,- s]cn-bmÀ- C.-hn. cma-kzm-an,- ]-cn-`m-
¶n-cp¶ P´p-_e - n-bm-bn-cp¶p F¶v hne- j-:- ssI-\I - c- n- hn-{I-a³,- ssa-{Xn- _p-Ivkv,-
bn-cp-¯-s¸-Sp¶ kml-N-cy-¯n C¶ -cp-h-\-´-]p-cw-.-
seIfnse bmYmÀY-y-§-fpsS ta \mw 10).- B-Àj - \ - m-Zw- am-kn-I,- 2007 Pq¬10.-
a®n-tS-­X - n-Ã. `qan-bn a\p-jyÀ¡mbn -
kwhn-[m-\n-¡s - ¸« At\Iw Blm-c§ - -
fn amwk-hp-ap-­v. Bh-iy-¡mÀ AXv
31
 hn.-sI. kXy-hm³ \mbÀ

a¯mbn ]dª
hnti-jhpw kzX-{´-`m-cX
- hpw
kaq-l-¯nsâ FÃm aÞ-e-§-fnepw AÔ-hn-izm-k-§-fpsS thcp-IÄ
sNs¶-¯n-bn-«p-­v. Ahsb FXnÀ¡p-¶-hÀ ]e-t¸mgpw Hä-s¸-Sp-Ibpw
]cn-lm-ky-cmbn-¯o-cp-Ibpw sN¿pw. FÃm -I-m-e¯pw kzX-{´-ambn Nn´n-
¡p-¶Xp \nµy-ambpw ]m]-ambpw ]mgv-th-e-bmbpw IW-¡m-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.
hyh-Øm-]n-Xhpw AwKo-Ir-X-hp-amb aqV-hn-izm-k-§sf tNmZyw sN¿p-
Itbm kzbw hne-bn-cp-¯p-Itbm sN¿p-¶-Xv Xe-Xn-cnª Hcp GÀ¸m-
Smbn ap{Z-Ip-¯-s¸-Sp-¶p. kaq-l-s¯-s¡m­v Ahsc IsÃ-dn-bn-¡p¶ hÀ-
Kw C¶pw \ne-\n-¶p-t]m-cp-¶p. IsÃ-dnªv Ccp-¯p-¶-Xn\v Bh-iy-amb
kwc-£W - hpw Bin-Êp-Ifpw sImSp-¡p¶ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw It­-¡mw.
hfsc {]mNo-\-amb Imew-ap-XÂ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-IÄ¡v Hgn-¨p-Iq-Sm³
]mSn-Ãm¯ Hcp hÀK-am-bn-cp¶p tPymXn-j-¡mÀ. Ah-cpsS D]-tZ-i-§fpw
ap¶-dn-bn-¸p-Ifpw hfsc hne-s¸-«-Xmbn Icp-Xn-t¸m-¶p. bp²-hpw -
kmam[m\hpw tPymXn-j-¡msc B{i-bn-¨n-cp-¶p. A¶v Ahsc sIm«mcw
tPymÕy-·mÀ F¶m-Wd- n-ªn-cp-¶X - .v sIm«m-c§
- Ä t]mb Ime-¯nsâ kvac-
W-IÄ am{X-am-sb-¦nepw "sIm«mcw tPymÕy³' F¶ Øm\w t]mbn-«n-Ã.
{]kn-Uân-sâbpw {][m-\-a-{´n-bp-sSbpw KhÀW-dp-sSbpw apJy-a-{´n-bp-
sSbpw aµn-c-§-fn-emWv Ahsc ImWpI Fs¶mcp hyXymkw am{Xsa

hfsc {]mNo-\a- mb Imew-ap-XÂ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-IÄ¡v Hgn-¨p-Iq-Sm³ ]mSn-Ãm¯ Hcp hÀK-am-bn-cp¶p

tPymXnj-¡mÀ. Ah-cpsS D]-tZ-i§ - fpw ap¶-dn-bn-¸p-Ifpw hfsc hne-s¸-«X- mbn Icp-Xn-t¸m-¶p. bp²-hpw -
kmam[m\hpw tPymXn-j-¡msc B{i-bn-¨n-cp-¶p. A¶v Ahsc sIm«mcw tPymÕy-·mÀ
F¶m-Wd- nªncp¶Xv.
2007 B-K-kv-äv- 32
C¶p-Åp. ]gb Ime¯p tPymXn-j-
¡msc Ahn-izkn-¡p-hm-\pÅ Adnthm
Xtâ-Stam imkv{Xo-bh - n-Úm-\tam CÃm-
bn-cp-¶p-sh¶p kam-[m-\n-¡mw. F¶mÂ
C¶s¯ ØnXntbm? imkv{X-km-t¦-Xn-
I-hn-Zy-I-fn H«pw ]pd-In-e-Ãm¯ Øm
\w Ic-Ø-am-¡nb \½psS kzX-{´-`m-c-
X-¯n C¶pw `c-W] - c- a- mb {][m-\s - ¸«
Xocp-am-\§- Ä FSp-¡p-¶Xv- tPymÕy-·m-
tcmSv Btem-Nn-¨t- i-ja- m-sW-¶pÅ hkv
XpX \½Ä¡v F{X-am{Xw A`n-am-\-I-c-
amWv?
C´-y¡p kzmX{´yw {]Jym-]n-¡p-
¶-Xn-\pÅ XobXn BKÌv ]Xn-\©v
F¶p \nÝ-bn-¨p. F¶m tPymXn-j¡ - m-
tcmSv Btem-Nn-¡m-sX-bmWv A{]-Imcw
\nÝ-bn-¡p-hm-\n-S-bm-bXv. 1947 BKÌv
]Xn-\©mw XobXn Hcp shÅn-bm-gvN-
bm-bn-cp-¶p. A¶s¯ \mÄ ]qbw. Idp-
¯-]-£-¯nse NXpÀZ-in-bmWv XnYn.
kqcy³, N{µ³, sNmÆ, _p[³, ip{I³
F¶o {Kl-§Ä IÀ¡n-S-Iw cmin-bnÂ,
hymgw hrÝnIw cmin-bnÂ.- tPymXn-j-
¡mÀ IW-¡p-I-q-«n. Gähpw Aip-`-kq-
N-I-amb Hcp Znh-kw. AhÀ _l-f-ap-
­m-¡n. tPymÕy-·m-cpsS {]h-N\ - §- sf
AÀ-ln-¡p¶ ]pÑ-t¯m-Sp-IqSn Ah-KW - n-
¨n-cp¶ ]Þnäv s\lvdphn\p-t]mepw
AXn\p Iog-St- §-­n-h¶ - p. kwK-Xn-IÄ
Hcp tbmPn-¸n-se-¯p-I-bm-Wp-­m-b-Xv.
BKÌv ]Xn-\©mw XobXn BIp-¶-
Xn\p ap¼v BKÌv ]Xn-\memw XobXn
AÀ[-cm-{Xn¡p kzmX{´yw {]Jym-]n-¡p-
hm³ Xocp-am-\n-¨p-sIm­v B Ipg¸w Hgn-
hm-¡n. A§s\ ]mXn-cmbv¡p kzmX
{´yw In«m-\n-Sb- mb IY "kzmX{´yw AÀ
[-cm-{Xn-bnÂ' (Freedom at Midnight)
F¶ ]pkvXI - ¯- n ]d-ªn-«p-ÅX - m-W.v
kzmX{´yw In«n-b-Xn-\p-ti-jhpw
A\p-`-h-§Ä hyXy-kvX-a-Ã. A[n-Imcw
Gsä-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-ap¼v t\Xm-¡-·mÀ
tPmÕy-\p-ambn Btem-Nn¨p ip`-ap-
lqÀ¯w Ipdn-¸n-¡p¶ ]Xnhv Ct¸mgpw
XpS-cp-¶p. P\-tk-h-\-¯n-\pÅ Ah-
kcw A¡m-cW - ¯- m \jvSs - ¸-«p-t]m-I-
]e DtZym-KØ
- ·- mcpw Øm\w Gsä-Sp-¡p-¶Xv cmlp-Imew t\m¡n-bm-Wv. Ie-­d- p-If- n FÃmw cmlp-
Imew ImWn-¨n-cn-¡pw. s]mXp-hmb NS-§p-IÄ¡p-t]mepw cmlp-Imew t\m¡m-dp-­v. Ah-cn ]eÀ¡pw
cmlp-Imew F´m-sWt¶m cmlp-Imew Hgn-hm-¡p-¶s- X-´n-\m-sWt¶m Adn-bn-Ã. cmlp-Im-ew t- ]mse
s]mXp-P-\s¯ kmc-ambn _m[n-¨n-«pÅ Hcp tcmK-amWv hmc-^e- w.
2007 B-K-kv-äv-
cp-Xt- Ãm!- Xn-IÄ F{X-am{Xw kXy-k-Ô-am-sW-¶-
]e cmjv{S-¯-e-h-·mÀ¡pw a{´n- dn-bn-Ãþ- \- ½
- f - psS \mSnsâ Zpc-hØ- t- bm
amÀ¡pw cmjv{So-b -t\-Xm-¡-·mÀ¡pw À¯p thZ-\n-¡p-Itb \nhr-¯n-bp-Åp.
tPymXn-jn-I-fp-am-bpÅ ]c-kytam cl- kaq-l¯ - n imkv{Xo-b N - n-´m-KX
- nbpw
kytam Bb _Ô-s¯-¸än [mcmfw kmt¦-Xn-IÚ - m-\hpw hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡-
hmÀ¯-IÄ h¶n-«p-­.v F¶m ASp-¯- W-sa¶p {]kw-Kn-¡p-¶-h-cm-Wn-h-scm-
Im-e¯p hmbn-¡m-\n-S-bmb Hcp ]pkv s¡. Cu atX-Xc cm-jv{S-¯n tPymXn-
XIw Ah-sb-sbÃmw IS-¯n-sh-«p-¶X - m- j-¯n\v Hcp {]tXyI Un¸mÀ«p-saâpw
Wv. AXp hmbn-¨t- ¸m-gmWv \½fpsS D¶- a{´nbpw D­m-bmepw \mw AZv`p-X-s¸-
X t- \-Xm-¡· - m-cn ]ecpw shdpw AÔ- tS-­X - n-Ã.
hn-izm-kn-If - m-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶p a\-Ên-em-b- hmc-^ew
Xv. Ipsd a­-·mÀ tNÀ¶p _lp-`q-cn- DbÀ¶ `c-WI - À¯m-¡f - psS ØnXn
]£w _p²n-am-·m-sc-s¡m­p `cn-¸n- CXm-sW-¦n aäp-Å-h-cpsS Imcyw ]d-
¡p¶ Hcp kwhn-[m-\-{I-a-amWv \½-fp- bm-\n-Ã. ]e DtZym-K-Ø-·mcpw Øm\w
tSXv F¶v Btcm ]d-ªX - n kXy-¯n Gsä-Sp-¡p-¶Xv cmlp-Imew t\m¡n-bm-
sâ Awiw Ctà F¶p kwibw tXm¶n. Wv. Ie-­-dp-I-fn FÃmw cmlp-Imew
B ]pkvX-I-¯n ]d-ªn-«pÅ hnti- ImWn-¨n-cn-¡pw. s]mXp-hmb NS-§p-IÄ
j-§Ä ChnsS hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶n-Ã. ¡p-t]mepw cmlp-Imew t\m¡m-dp-­v.
{][m-\-a{´n s\ld-p-hnsâ Ime-L- Ah-cn ]eÀ¡pw cmlp-Imew F´m-
«-s¯-¡p-dn¨p {io. Fw.-H. a¯mbn {]kn- sWt¶m cmlp-Imew Hgn-hm-¡p-¶s - X-´n-
²o-I-cn¨ HmÀa-¡p-dn-¸p-IÄ hfsc H¨- \m-sWt¶m Adn-bn-Ã. cmlp-Im-ew -t]m
¸mSp krjvSn-¨n-«p-­v. H¨-¸m-Sn-\n-S-bm- se s]mXp-P-\s¯ kmc-ambn _m[n-¨n-
¡nb kw`-h-§-fà Chn-Sps¯ Nn´m- «pÅ Hcp tcmK-amWv hmc-^-ew. Cu
hn-jbw.- HmÀa-¡p-dn-¸p-If - n c­m-as¯ AÔ-hn-izm-k§ - Ä {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-¶X - nÂ
{]kn-²o-I-c-W-¯nsâ t]cv My Days \½psS ]{X-am-kn-I-IÄ \S-¯n-h-cp¶
With Nehru F¶m-Wv. B ]pkvX-I- tkh\w hfsc {]iw-k\ - o-ba- mWv! C´y-
¯nse F«p t]Pp-I-tfmfw hcp¶
aq¶mw A[-ymbw hfsc {it²-b-
am-Wv. {][m-\-a{´n Cµn-cm-Km-Ôn-
b-S¡w D¶-Xc- mb ]e t\Xm-¡· - m-
cnepw tPymXn-j-¯n-epÅ hnizm
kw F{X-am{Xw AKm[amb kzm
[o\w sNep- ¯ n- b n- c p- ¶ p- s h¶p
shfn-hm-¡p¶ kw`-h-§-fmWv B
A[ym-b¯ - n ]cmaÀin-¡s - ¸-«n-«p-
Å-Xv. AXp hmbn-¨-t¸mÄ tXm¶n-
bXv- eÖn-¡p-hm³ t]mepw \mw
ad-¶p-t]m-bn-cn-¡p-¶p-sh-¶m-Wv.
cmjv{S-]-Xn-am-cpw Iym_n-\äv
a{´n-am-cpw KhÀW-Àam-cpw cmjv{So
bt\-Xm-¡-·mcpw tPymÕysâbpw
ssIt\m-«¡ - m-cs- âbpw a{´-hm-Zn-bp-
sSbpw ]pdsI ASn-a-I-sf-t¸mse
\S-¡p¶ Nn{X-§Ä bYmÀY-am-sW-
¦nÂ..... {io a¯mbn ]dª kwK-
33

bnse an¡ B\p-Im-enI {]kn-²o-I-c-
W- § - f nepw hmc- ^ ew apS- § msX
ImWpw. hmc-^ew ]Xn-hmbn hmbn-¡p¶
]ecpw D¶-X -hn-Zym-`ym-khpw hnh-chpw
DÅ-h-cm-Wv. \£-{X-^-e-§Ä- CÃm¯
{]kn-²o-I-c-W-§Ä hfsc Ipd-hm-Wv.
s]mXp-P-\-§Ä¡pth­n \S-¯p¶
henb Hcp tkh-\-am-Wn-Xv. bmsXmcp
sNe-hp-an-ÃmsX X§-fpsS `mhn FÃm-
hcpw Adnªp sImÅ-s« F¶p-Å-Xm-
bn-cn¡pw e£yw.
C¯-c-¯n \S-¯p¶ {]h-N-\-
§sf kw_-Ôn¨p hkvXp-\n-jvT-ambpw
bpàn-]qÀh-ambpw ]n¶oSv Bcpw Nn´n-
¡m-dn-sÃ-¶p-Å-XmWv Ch-bpsS hnP-b-c-
l-kyw. `mhn Adn-bp-hm-\pÅ PnÚm-
k-aqew D­m-Ip¶ Hcp {]tXyI am\-
kn-Im-hØ - b
- mWv C¡q-«sc Cu hmc-^-
e-§f - n-te¡v BIÀjn-¡p-¶X - v. IqSmsX
ip`-Im-cy-§-sf-¡p-dn¨p hmbn-¡p-t¼m-gp-
­m-Ip¶ Xm¡m-enIamb Bß-kp-
Jhpw Chsc \£-{X-^-e-§-fn hniz-
kn-¡p-hm³ t{]cn-¸n-¡p-¶p. hmc-^ew
hmbn-¡p-¶-h-tcmSp tNmZn¨m "Fsâ
Imcy-¯n ]eXpw icn-bm-Ip-¶p­v'
F¶v ChÀ ]dbpw Hcp-Xcw Bß-h©-
\-bm-Wn-X.v icntbm sXtäm F¶p hyà-
ambn ]d-bm-hp¶ bmsXmcp kwK-Xn-Ifpw
Cu {]h-N-\-§-fn DÄ-s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã.-""Cu-
B-gv-N- sXm-gnÂ-]-c-am-bn- \-¶-Ã-;- Btcm
Kyw kq£n-¡Ww; ]pXnb kulr-Z-
]nt©m-a-\-Isf Igp-¯d- p¯p _-en-sIm-Sp-¯m ]pWyw t\Smw F¶p hniz-kn-¡p¶ {`m´-·mÀ Ct¸mgpw
CtÃ? tcmK-Im-cWw {]iv\w-h¨p I­p-]n-Sn¨p XÂ ]cn-lm-cmÀY-ambn InS-¸m-Sw-hsc hnÂ-]n¨p a{´-hm-
Zhpw ]qPbpw \S¯n ]Ww X«n-sb-Sp-¡p¶ tPymÕy-·msc hniz-kn-¡p¶ F{Xtbm t]À Ct¸mgpw D­v.
2007 B-K-kv-äv-
_Ôw ]peÀ¯pw; {]Xo-
£n-¡m¯ Nne klm-b-
§Ä e`n-¡p-hm³ km[y-
X-bp-­v;- Ahn-Nm-cn-Xa- mbn
Nne {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-tS-
­n- h - c pw''- F¶n- § s\
t]mIp¶ {]h-N-\-§Ä
kq£n¨p hmbn-¨p-t\m-¡p-
I. B {]kvXm-h-\-I-sf
Ãmw Xs¶- amänadn¨p ]d-
bm-hp-¶Xpw GXp kml-
N-cy-¯nepw \ymbo-Ic- W
Is­¯mhp¶ hn[-¯n
 cq]-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-ÅX
am- W v . BcpsS Pohn- X -
¯nepw CsXÃmw Ft¸mgpw kw`-hn-¡m-
hp-¶-h-bp-am-Wv. tPymXnj ]Þn-X-
·mÀt]mepw hmc-^e - {- ]-hN - \ - § - Ä-sf- \n-
tj-[n-¨n-«p-­v.- hmc-^e - {- ]-hN - \- §
- Ä¡v-
bmsXm-c-Sn-Øm-\-hp-anÃ; Ah-sbÃmw
kÀhm_-²§ - f - m-W.v CsXÃmw Adn-ªp-
sIm­v - hmb- \ - ¡ m- c psS ZuÀ_eyw
NqjWw sNbvXv- AXnÂ\n¶pw apX-se-
Sp-¡p-¶X- n\p {ian-¡p¶ ]{X-am-kn-II
\½-fpsS am{Xw khn-ti-jX - b - m-W.v "tPym
Õy-t\mSp tNmZn¡q' Fs¶mcp ]wàn-
IqSn Øncw X«n-¸p- ]w-àn-I-tfm-sSm¸w
tNÀ¯m {]kn-²o-Ic- W - § - Ä IqSp-XÂ
hnä-gn-bpw.
hfsc DbÀ¶ \ne-hmcw ]peÀ¯p
¶ Hcp BgvN-¸-Xn-¸n a{´-hm-Z-¯nsâ
imkv{Xo-bm-Sn-Øm\w shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p¶
Hcp teJ\w hmbn-¨-Xmbn HmÀ¡p-¶p.
Nne {]mtbm-Kn-I -]m-T-§fpw B teJ-
\-¯n DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cp-¶p. tPymXn-
jhpw a{´-hm-Zhpw Iem-e-b-\n-e-hm-c-
¯n ]mTy-hn-j-b-am-¡-W-sa¶v Bsc-
¦nepw ]d-ªm AhÀ¡m-h-iy-apÅ
]n´p-Wbpw Cu ]-{X-am-kn-II - Ä sImSp-
t¯-¡mw.
shdpw hyàn-]c- a- mtWm?
CsXÃmw hyàn-]-c-amb kzmX-{´y-
¯n s]Sp-¶-Xm-sW¶pw F´pw hniz-
kn-¡p-hm³ a\p-jyÀ¡v Ah-Im-i-ap-
s­¶pw Hcp Hgp-¡³hmZw ]e-t¸mgpw
34
tIÄ¡m-dp-­v. kaq-ls¯ s]mXpsh
_m[n-¡m¯ \ncp-]-{Z-h-§-fmb Nne
hnizm-k§-sf kw_-Ôn-¨n-St- ¯mfw Cu
hmZ-¯n\v Fs´-¦nepw {]kàn It­-
¡mw. s]mXp-XmÂ]-cy-s¯bpw kmaq-ly-
`-{Z-X-sbbpw Xpc-¦ws-h¡p¶ A\m-Nm-
c- § - s fbpw AÔ- h n- i zm- k - § - s fbpw
kw_- Ô n¨v ØnXn AsXm- ¶ p- a - Ã .
Ahsb \nc-´cw FXnÀ¯p ]cm-P-b-
s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«mWv \mw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bnÂ
F¯n-bn-«p-Å-Xv. a\p-jysâ ZuÀ_-ey-
- w- §-sfbpw AÚ-X-sbbpw NqjWw
sN¿p-¶-Xn-\mWv X«n¸v F¶p ]d-bp-¶-
- p- Xv. AXv Hcn-¡epw shdpw hyàn-]-c-
amb Imcy-aà - . Hcp kmaq-ly-hn-]¯
- m-Wv.
]nt©m-a\ - I
- sf Igp-¯d- p¯p _-en-sIm-
Sp-¯m ]pWyw t\Smw F¶p hniz-kn-
¡p¶ {`m´-·mÀ Ct¸mgpw CtÃ? tcmK-
Im-cWw {]iv\w-h¨p I­p-]n-Sn¨p XÂ
]cn-lm-cmÀY-ambn InS-¸m-Sw-hsc hnÂ-
]n¨p a{´-hm-Zhpw ]qPbpw \S¯n
]Ww X«n-sb-Sp-¡p¶ tPymÕy-·msc
hniz-kn-¡p¶ F{Xtbm t]À Ct¸mgpw
- Ä D­v. AXp-t]m-se-¯s¶ tZh-{]iv\w
h¨p I­p-]n-Sn-¡p¶ tZmj-§Ä XoÀ
¡p-hm³ Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\p cq]m sNe-
h-gn-¡p-¶ntÃ? s]mXpP\ -]n-´p-W-tbm-
Sp-IqSn \S-¯p¶ X«n-¸p-I-fp-ap-­v. ag-
bv¡p-th­n ASp¯ Ime¯p \S-¯nb
bÚ-¯nsâ ]Shpw hmÀ¯bpw ]{X-
¯n ap³t]-Pn¯s¶ Øew ]nSn-
¨n-cp-¶p. AÔ-hn-izmkw shdpw hyàn-
]-c-am-sW-¦nÂIqSn ]e-t¸mgpw Zqc-hym-
]-I§ - f - mb ^e-§Ä Df-hm-¡p-¶X - m-Wv.
cma-tIm-Sn-bpsS IY
1981 sabv amk-¯nse Hcp cm{Xn-bnÂ
cma-tImSn F¶ kl-{]-hÀ¯-Is\ Igp
¯p sRcp¡n sIm¶ B{Ô-bnse \á-
k-\ym-kn-\n-bpsS \mS-Io-ba- mb IY ]{X-
§-fnepw amkn-II - f
- nepw {]kn-²o-Ic
«p-­m-bn-cp-¶p. hkv{X-[m-cWw hnjw Ign-
- n-¨n-
¡p-¶-Xn\p Xpey-am-sW¶pw ]nd-¶-]Sn
\S-¶n-sÃ-¦n ssZh-¯n-\n-jvSs - ¸-Sp-Ib - n-
sÃ-¶p-am-bn-cp-¶p B k\ym-kn-\n-bpsS
hnizm-kw. tIkv hnkvXc- n¨ tImS-Xn-bnÂ

Z£sâ Xe inh³ Adp-
¯p-If- ª IY ]pcm-tW-Xn-
lm-k-§-fn-ep-­v. B
IYbv¡p `mh-\-b-\p-k-cn¨p
]e hymJym-\§- fpw \Â-
Imw. AXv Bkz-Zn-¡p-Ibpw
sN¿mw. F¶m B Xe-
bpsS Øm\¯v BSnsâ
Xe tNÀ¯p icn-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-
Xn \n¶v sshZn-II - m-
es¯ ikv{X{Inbm-ssh-
ZKv[yw shfn-hm-Ip-¶p-
s­¶pw Ahn-sS-\n¶pw Hcp
s\Ãn-S- t]mepw \mw hfÀ¶n-
«n-söpw I­p-]n-Sn-¡p¶
]Þn-X-·m-cpsS GI-]-£o-
b-amb kao-]-\-coXn kaq-l-
¯nsâ ]ptcm-Ka- \ - ¯
- n\v
B]-Â-¡-c-am-sW-¶p-Å-
Xn\p kwi-b-an-Ã.
2007 B-K-kv-äv-
t]mepw \qÂ_-Ôa- n-Ãm-sX-bmWv AhÀ
Ib-dn-s¨-¶X - .v A\n-b{- ´n-Xa- mb ssewKn
I sshIr-X-§-fpsS Hcp cl-ky-k-t¦-
X-am-bn-cp¶p Ah-cpsS B{iaw F¶p
]d-bs - ¸-Sp-¶p. cma-tImSn F¶-bmÄ hnhm-
ln-X-\m-Ip-hm³ t]mIp¶p F¶-dn-ª-
Xp-sIm-­mWv Abmsf k\ym-kn-\n-b-
½bpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw tNÀ¶v hI-h-cp-
¯n-b-Xv. Ahsc Poh-]-cy´w XS-hn\p
tImSXn in£n-¨p. ssewKn-I-kw-_-Ô-
amb Akq-bb - mWv sIme-]m-XI - I- m-cW
- w.
ssZh-¯nsâ BÚ \nÀh-ln-¡p-I- am-
{X-am-bn-cp¶p F¶mWv k\ym-kn-\n-bpsS
hmZw.
Fs´mcp _o`-Õ-amb IY!....- Cu
{`m´p-IÄ C¶pw kaq-l¯ - n hne-t¸m-
Ip-Ibpw AwKo-Ic - n-¡s - ¸-Sp-Ibpw sN¿p-
¶p-s­-¶pÅ Zb-\o-ba- mb kXy-¯nsâ
t\À¡p I®-S¨ - n«p Imcy-an-Ã. ssZh-¯n
sâ BÚm-\p-hÀ¯n-I-fmbn kzbw
Ah-tcm-[n-¡s - ¸-Sp-¶h - c- psS hÀKw s]cp-
In-s¡-m-­n-cn-¡p-¶p. X«n¸pw a\p-jy-Xz-
an-Ãm-bav bpw \nb-ak - w-ln-Xb - psS Hcp `mK-
am-bn-¯oÀ¶n-cn-¡p-¶p.
{io. Fw. H. a¯mbn ]dª kwK-
Xn-IÄ icn-bm-Im-\mWv IqSp-XÂ km[-y-
X. ASn-apSn AÔ-hn-izm-k-§-fmWv C
¶pw \s½ `cn-¡p-¶-Xv. shdp-w `mh-\m-
kr-jSv a- m-sW-¶pw bpàn¡pw _p²n¡pw
\nc-¡m-¯-Xm-sW¶pw t_m[y-ap-s­-
¦nepw ]e sFXn-ly-§fpw b£n-¡-Y-
Ifpw \s½ ckn-¸n-¡p-¶p. IY tIÄ¡p-
hm-\p-ff IuXp-Is¯ Xr]vXn-s¸-Sp-¯p-
¶p. AXnsâ IÀ¯m-¡Ä¡v IYm-I-Y-
\-¯n-ep-­m-bn-cp¶ ]mShw {]iw-k-\o-
bw-X-s¶. ]e-t¸mgpw BJym-\-coXn
hmkvX-hnI {]XoXn P\n-¸n-¡-¯-¡-hn-
[-¯n-em-bn-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. imkv{Xo-
bm-Sn-Øm-\-¯n hkvXp-X-IÄ hni-I-
e\w sN¿p-t¼mgpw ]Tn-¡p-t¼mgpw Cu
AÔ-hn-izm-k§ - t- fmSpw ]g-¦Y - I- t- fmSpw
t_m[-]qÀh-a-Ãm-sX- Xs¶ kzm`m-hn-I-
ambn Hcp Nmbvhv D­mImdp-­v. Ahsb
XÅn-¸-d-bm³ Hcp `bw. F´n\v Bh-
iy-an-ÃmsX hn\ hcp-¯n-h-bv¡Ww F
s¶mcp kao-]-\- co-Xn-bmWv ]eÀ¡pw.
bmsXmcp ap³hn-[n-If - p-an-ÃmsX \njv
]£-_p-²n-tbm-Sp-IqSn Cu {]iv\s¯
kao-]n-t¡-­-Xm-Wv. ]g-b-sXÃmw sXäv,
imkv{X-¯n-sâ-XmWv Ah-km-\-hm-¡v
F¶Ã C¸-d-ª-Xnsâ AÀYw. `qan-¡p-
35
aosX _ln-cm-Im-i- t]-S-I-§fpw hmÀ
¯m-hn-\n-a-tbm-]-{K-l-§fpw Npän-¯n-cn-
bp¶ Cu Ime-L-«-¯n imkv{Xob
Nn´m-KX - nbpw A`n-cp-Nnbpw hfÀ¯n-sb-
Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-]-Icw a{´-§-fn-te¡pw
X{´-§f - n-te¡pw Xncn¨pt]mIp¶ {]h-
WX A\m-im-ky-am-Wv. ]gb k¦Â-]-
§-sfbpw sI«p-IY - I- s
- fbpw apdpsI ]nSn-
¨psIm­v Ahbv¡p imkv{Xob ]cn-
thjw \evIn B[p-\n-IX - b- p-ambn _Ô-
s¸-Sp¯n ]pXnb ]pXnb hymJym-\§ - Ä
Is­-¯p-hm³ {ian-¡p¶ kwkvIm-c-
¯nsâ hàm-¡Ä, Ah-cpsS {]Xn`
{]tPm-b-\-{]-Z-amb aäp Imcy-§Ä¡p
hn\n-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp-s¶-¦n F¶p ]e-t¸m
gpw B{K-ln-¨p-t]m-Im-dp-­v.
Z£sâ Xe inh³ Adp-¯p-If - ª
IY ]pcm-tW-Xn-lm-k-§-fn-ep-­v. B
IYbv¡p `mh-\b - \ - p-kc- n¨p ]e hymJym-
\-§fpw \Â-Im- w. AXv Bkz-Zn--¡p-Ibpw
sN¿mw. F¶m B Xe-bpsS Øm\
¯v BSnsâ Xe tNÀ¯p icn-s¸-Sp-¯n-
b-Xn \n¶v sshZn-I-Im-es¯ ikv{X
{Inbm-ssh-ZKv[yw shfn-hm-Ip-¶p-s­¶pw
Ahn-sS-\n¶pw Hcp s\Ãn-S- t]mepw \mw
hfÀ¶n-«n-söpw I­p-]n-Sn-¡p¶ ]Þn-
X-·m-cpsS GI-]£ - o-ba- mb kao-]\ - c- oXn
kaq-l¯ - nsâ ]ptcm-Ka- \ - ¯- n\v B]-Â-
¡-ca- m-sW-¶p-ÅX - n\p kwi-ba- n-Ã. \njv
]-£hpw hkvXp-\n-jvT-hp-amb hne-bn-cp-
¯-em-Wm-h-iyw. XtÅ-­Xp XÅn-¡-f-
bp-IX- s¶ thWw.
Hcm-fpsS P\\w apXÂ ac-Ww-h-sc-
bpÅ Imcy-§Ä ap³Iq«n Adn-bpI
F¶Xv hfsc {][m-\-s¸« Imcy-am-Wv.
`mhn Adn-bp-hm-\pÅ PnÚmk FÃm-
hÀ¡p-ap-­v. AXn-s\mcp amÀKap-s­-
¦n AXns\ ]c-ky-ambn AwKo-Ic - n-¡-
Ww. ]pdsa ImWn-¡m³ aSn-¡p-Ibpw
cl-ky-ambn hniz-kn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶
`ocp-¡f - psS ØnXn kl-Xm-]mÀlam-Wv.
\½sf `cn-¡p¶ a{´n-·mcpw DtZym-K-
Ø-·mcpw F´p Imcyhpw tPymÕm-·m-
tcmSv Btem-Nnt¨ sN¿p-I-bp-Åq. Ah-
cpsS kao-]\w icn-bm-sW-¦n \mw
F´p-sIm­v AXns\ ]c-ky-ambn Aw
Ko-I-cn-¡p-¶nÃ? sXäm-sW-¦n Xpd¶v
FXnÀt¡­Xv \½-fpsS IS-ab - m-Wv.
("h-f-cp-¶- B-Im-i-hpw- K-Xn-ap-«n-b- tPym-Xn-
j-hpw-'- F-¶- Ir-Xn-bnÂ- \n-¶v-).-
 k-aÀ-¸W
- ¯
- n-s³-d- cm-P]- m-Xb- n-te-¡v-
B-ß-o-b-am-b- sh-fn-¨w- tX-Sn- A-e-bp-I-bpw- H-Sp-hnÂ- C-kv-eman-s³-d-
im-Zz-e- Xo-c¯nt- e-¡v- h-s¶-¯p-Ib- pw- sN-bvX- - ]m-ivN- m-Xy-cm-b- Ip-sd-
h-\n-X-I-fp-sS- A-\p-`-h-§Ä- hn-h-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv- -A-h-cnÂ- s]-«- H-cm-
fmb- \m-Ca- - _n.- tdm-_À-«v.-

{]iv\§fpw shÃphnfnIfpw.

\m-C-a- _n.- tdm-_À-«v-

""R§Ä hnizkn¨ncn¡p¶p F¶v ]dbp¶Xv sIm­v- am{Xw X§Ä

]co£W¯n\v hnt[bcmImsX hnt«¡s¸Spsa¶v a\pjyÀ hnNmcn¨n
cn¡bmtWm?''- (hn.JpÀ-B³- 29:2).-
Ckvemante¡p-Å aS¡w Hcp km£mXvImchpw B\µZmbI-amb
A\p-`hhp-ambncp-¶p-. ap³ A[ymb§fn I­Xpt]mse, "CsXÃmw
F´ns\¡p-dn¡p-¶p-' F¶v a\Ênem¡nb Hcp- ]pXnb hyànsbt¸mse
\n§Ä¡\p-`hs¸«ncn¡mw. C\nbptasd ]Tn¡m\p-­XnÂ. aäpÅhsc
t¸mse \n§fpw Hcp- \hmKX\msW¦nÂ, \n§fpsS Zo\ns\¡p-dn¨v,
\n§Ä ]pÂInb hnizmks¯¡p-dn¨v IqSpX Adnbm\p-Å DÂISamb
A`n\nthi¯nembncn¡pw \n§fpw. Cu Adnhns\m¸w ]pXnb Hcp-
PohnX ssien IqSn kamKXamIp-¶p-. ]pXnb kplr¯p¡Ä, ]pXnb
hkv{Xw, ]pXnb t\ct¼m¡p-IÄ, ]pXnb {]Xo£IÄ,- PohnXs¯¡p-
dn¨pÅ ]pXnb DÄ¡mgvNIÄ...- Cu cq]m´cw NneÀ¡v Gsd kcfamb

2007 B-K-kv-äv- 36
 _Ôp¡Ä¡nSbnse apdpapdp¸pIfn \n¶p-w Rm³ Ckveman \naábmsb¶dnª
Aѳ Fs¶ hnfn¨psIm­pt]mbn. At±lw Gsd hymIp-e-\mbncp-¶p- F¶v At¸mtg
Rm \dnªp. Ip-Spw_mwK§fn BtcmtSm A_²¯nset´m ]dªpt]mbXnÂ
Rm³ÿ]cnX]n¨p. A½q-a-bneqsS B hmÀ¯ hnIrXambns«¦nepw AÑ\v e`n¡p-sa¶v
Rm³ HmÀ¡Wambncp¶p.
A\p-`hamWv. F¶m aäp ]eÀ¡pw tZymKnIambn Hcp- apkvenamIm\p-Å \ocnsâ AeIfmWv Rm³ tI«Xv. B
apkvenamhp-I F¶Xv H«\h[n shÃp ]cnKW\t]mepw F¶nep­mbncp-¶n thZ\sb¡p-dn¨pÅ kvacW Ct¸mgp
hnfnIsf t\cnSemWv. temIw Iogvta Ã. kz´w ImgvN¸mSpIfpÅ Hcp- \mkv sas¶ hÃmsX t\mhn¡p-¶p-.ÿ
adnªXmbn \n§Ä¡v tXm¶mw, Hcp- XnIbmbncp-¶p-sh-¦nepw A½mbn F At±ls¯ kamizkn¸n¨psIm­v
\nebv¡v AX §s\bmbn«p­v. Imcy s¶ k{i²w tIÄ¡m³ kZm k¶² Rm³ ]dªp: ""UmUv, Rm³ blmhm
§sfm¶p-ant¸mÄ ]gbXp t]mseb-Ã. bmbncp-¶p-. _Ôp¡Ä¡nSbnse apdp km£n Bhp-Itbm atäm sNbvXXp
Ct¸mghbv-¡v ]pXnb AÀY-Xe§fp apdp¸pIfn \n¶p-w Rm³ Ckveman t]msebÃ!''
­v, ap³KW\Ifp­v, IS¸mSpIfp­v. \naábmsb¶dnª Aѳ Fs¶
At±ls¯ AXv Bizkn¸n¨tX
ChbpambpÅ klhÀ¯n¯w Hcp- hnfn¨psIm­pt]mbn. At±lw Gsd
bnà F¶v ]dtb­XnÃtÃm. apJ¯
]t£,- thZ\mP\IamImw.ÿÿ hymIp-e\
- mbncp-¶p- F¶v At¸mtg Rm
Ip-Spw_ aqey§Ä \dnªp. Ip-Spw_mwK§fn BtcmtSm
A_²¯nset´m ]dªpt]mbXnÂ
Sn¨Xpt]mse AXt±l¯n\v A\p-
`hs¸«ncn¡mw. kpµcambmcp- `mhn¡pw
]et¸mgpw Hcp- \h apkvenan\v F¶net±l¯n\p-­mbncp-¶ kÀh-
Rm³ÿ]cnX]n¨p. A½q-a-bneqsS B
t\cntS­n hcp-¶Xn Gähpw t¢i {]XoIjIÄ¡p-w t\sc apJw Xncn¡p-
hmÀ¯ hnIrXambns«¦nepw AÑ\v
Icamb {]iv\w Xsâ Ip-Spw_mwK§fp Ibmbncp-¶p- Rm³,- At±lsa\n¡mbn-
e`n¡p-sa¶v Rm³ HmÀ¡Wambncp¶p.
sS {]XnIcWamWv. hncfambn am{Xsa Icp-Xnsh¨ hnes¸«sXÃmw Rm³ Xnc
AXv A\p-IqeamImdpÅq. Hcn¡Â F ""\o apkvenamIm³ t]mIp-¶p- F¶ kvIcn¨p...- XpS§nb Nn´IÄ At±l
sâ Xead¡ensâ L«¯nÂ, PohnX dnbp-¶p-. F´mWnsXÃmw?''-þ A-t±-lw- s¯ apdnthÂ-]-n¨ncn¡m-wþ At±l
coXnbn Rm³ hcp-¯nb amäs¯¡p- tNm-Zn-¨p.- s¯ \ncmis¸Sp¯p¶Xv F¶nepfhm
dn¨v A½mbntbmSv kwkmcn¡-p-Ibp Rm³ hmkvXh¯n apkvenamIm ¡nbncp-¶ thZ\t]mse. AÑsâ {]Xn
­mbn. A¡me¯v Rm³ aZy]n¡p- ³ Dt±in¨n«nsöp-w Nne "apkv-enw- IÀ IcWw bmsXmcp-ÿ\nebv¡ - p-w Akm[mc
Itbm, t]mÀ¡v Xn¶p-Itbm, ¢ºn a§Ä' sN¿p¶p-sht¶ DÅq F¶p-w Wambncp-¶nÃ.
t]mhp-Itbm sN¿pambncp-¶nÃ. R§ At±l¯n\v- t_m[yw hcp-amdv Rm\ bmkvan³ Xsâ A\p-`hw ]¦p-sh
fpsS ]Xnaq¶w \nebnse ^vfmänsâ Xns\ Nncn¨pXÅn. Rm³ kXyw Xs¶ ¨p: ""BZyw CXv hensbmcp- Xamibm
Ccp-fSª kzoIcWapdnbn F\n¡ bmWv ]dªXpw. XnI¨pw kpc£nX bmWv Fsâ ho«pImÀ¡vÿtXm¶nbXv.
dnbmhp¶Xpt]mse Rm³ \akvIcn¡p- amb Hcp- \Ã PohnX coXnbmWv Ckvem "AhÄ IS¶p-t]mIp-¶ Hcp- L«w am{X
ambncp-¶p-. H«pw hfÀ¨ {]m]n¨n«nÃmXn sa¶vÿk½Xn¨ncp-¶p-sh¦nepw, Hcp- amWnXv. ASp¯bmgvN C\n aäp hÃXp
cp-¶ Fsâ Bßob Xes¯¡pdn¨p apkvenamIm³ Rm³ \nÝbn¨ncp-¶nÃ. ambncnIp-w'. ]n¶oSXn§ns\bmbn: "aXw
Å KthjW thfbn ssZhhpambn Aѳ AX§s\bà ]cnKWn¨Xv. amdm³ \osb§s\ ss[cys¸«p?' ]n
(AXyp-¶X\mb Hcp- iàn F¶v Icp- {]XnÚm_²\mb Hcp-ÿ\ncoizchmZn ¶oSXv "A\mIÀjIhpw hr¯nsI«Xp
Xnbncp-¶) \nc´cw k¼À¡w ]peÀ F¶ \nebv¡ - v At±lw, Rm³ GsX¦n amb hkv{X¯nte¡Ã,- \nsâ a\Ên
t¯­Xv A\nhmcymambn Rm³ I­n epw aXkwlnXbpambn sI«nadnbp te¡mWv ssZhw t\m¡p-¶Xv'- XpS§nb
cp-¶p-. Fs¶ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw, Po sa¶v \n\¨n«p­mInÃ. kXy¯nÂ, tKm]yamb ]cnlmk§fmbn. Rm\¶v
hnXs¯ hnaeoIcn¡m\p-Å XpS¡ kÀh-X{´ kzX{´bpw DuÀP-kzebp "A_mb'- (]Xnhv hkv{X§Ä¡v apIfn
¯nÂÿA{Xbpw aXnbmbncp-¶p-. Hcp- hn amb Hcp- bphXnbmbn IqSpXÂ D¶X Â [cn¡p-¶ henb hkv{Xw) [cn¡p-
izmkt¯mSpwþ Ckvemant\mSpt]mepwþ amb \nebn Rm³ hfÀ¶phcWsa¶ ambncp-¶nÃ. ]t£,- Abª hkv{X
{]Xn_²X ]peÀ¯m³ Rm³ Hcn¡ XmÂ-]cyamWv X\n¡p-­mbncp-¶sX¶v §Ä [cn¡m³ XpS§nbncp-¶p-. Fsâ
epw Xb-mdmbncp-¶nÃ. A¡me¯v apkv Aѳ ]dªp. F¶m Rm\nt¸mgn ktlmZc³ þ Ah\p-w apkvenambn¡gn
enwIÄ AwKoIcn¨ PohnXcoXn, kÂ- §s\ Fsâ tNX\sb Hcp-ÿkm¦Â]n ªncp-¶p-þ ]dªXv Rmt\mÀ¡p-¶p-:
kz`mh§Ä¡v Du¶Â \ÂIp-¶Xpw I ssZh¯n\v ap³]n Xcw Xmgv¯p "a½n ]dbq-;- C\n Fsâ ho«n Hcp
{]tem`\§fnte¡p-Å hmXmb\§Ä ¶p- F¶ A`n{]mb¯nembncp- ¶ p- apkve- n-apw- th­ F¶v'.- At¸mÄ Rm³
AS¡-p-hm\p-ÅXpamb H¶mbn«mWv At±lw. Rm\n¶p-w Dd¨p hnizkn¡p- ]dªp: "\ÃXv, Rm\nXm t]mIp-¶p-'.-
F\n¡v tXm¶nbXv. kXy¯n Hu ¶p-;ÿAsX, A¨sâ kzc¯n I®p F\n¡¶v ]s¯m¼Xv hbÊmbncp-¶p''.
2007 B-K-kv-äv- 37
 Akok ]dªp: ""Zo\nte¡v hcp-
¶Xn\p- ap¼-p Xs¶ Fsâ PohnX¯n
 ]e amä§fpap­mbn. ]pIhenbpw
aZy]m\hpw D·mZPÂ-]-\§fpsaÃmw
Rm\p-t]£n¨ncp-¶p-. Fsâ PohnXw
Hcp- ]cnhÀ¯\¯n\v hnt[bamhpI
bmbncp-¶p-. Cu amäw F´n\p-th­nbm
bncp-¶p-sh¶v Rm³ Xncn¨dnªnÃ.
A§s\ Ckvemw F¶nse¯nbt¸mÄ,
AÃmlp Fs¶ AXn\mbn XbmÀ
sN¿pIbmbncp-¶p-sh¶v Rm\dnªp''.
""Fsâ amäw XoÀ¯pw AhnNmcnX
ambmWv kw`hn¨Xv. km¼¯nIhpw
kab]chpamb k½n{i {]iv\§fm
ÂÿFsâ hnZymÀYn- PohnXw Ip-Spw
_hpambpÅ Øncamb _Ô¯n\v
km[yX \ÂIp-w hn[ambncp-¶nÃ. e­
\n ]Tn¡p-¶ Hcp-ÿhntZi hnZymÀYn¡v
{]kvXpX Imcymebw AXn\p-Å kzmX
´rw \ÂInbncp-¶nÃ. BbXpsIm­p
Xs¶ CkvemanI PohnX coXn sXc
sªSp¡p-¶Xnte¡v Fs¶ \bn¨ Nn
´mkcWnIfpw A\p-`h§fpw AhÀ
¡v tKm]yamb H¶mbncp-¶p-. Fsâ {I
am\p-KXamb amäw AhÀs¡mcn¡epw
ImWm\mbnÃ. PqXcp-w (Fsâ A½
hgn¡p-Å A½mbnbpw Ip-Spw_hpw),
{InkvXym\nIfpw (Fsâ kvtIm«njv
]qÀh-nIÀ), B{^n¡³ ]c¼cmKX
aXm\p-bmbnIfpw (Fsâ kpep IpSpw
_w), Hcp-ÿ\ncoizchmZnbpw (Fsâ AÑ
³) FÃmw \ndª Hcp- Ip-Spw_¯nÂ
aX]camb NÀ¨ lrZyamhp-Ibnà F¶
Xv Hcp-ÿ]t£,- A\mÝcyamImw. AXn
\m Rms\´n\v Fsâ PohnXssien
amänsbt¶m, Ct¸mgs¯ hnizmk
sas´t¶m, Rm\Xn k´pãbmsW
t¶m Bcp-w tNmZn¨nÃ. AsXmcn¡epw
NÀ¨ sN¿s¸«XpanÃ. hnhmZ hnjb
§Ä XoÀ¨bmbpw NÀ¨ sN¿s¸«p.-
(Ckveman kv{XobpsS ]¦v, \áX
ad¡Â, B^vKm\nkvY-m³, ]ekvXo³
sNt¿­Xp Xs¶bmWv sNt¿­nh¶sX¶v F\n¡v t_m[yambn. Rm³ ilm-Z¯v
sNmÃn apkvenambn«nÃmbncp-¶p-sh¦n Imcyw hfsc tamiamIp-ambncp-¶p-. I-p-ªp
\mÄ apXÂ Fsâ lrZb¯nep­mbncp-¶ ssZhs¯ FSp¯p Ifbp¶Xv Fsâ
Poh³ Xs¶ FSp¯pIfbp¶Xp t]msebmbncp-¶p-.-
2007 B-K-kv-äv-
{]-i\-v §
- Ä- Xp-S§
- n-bh
- )- .- - F¶m Fs¶
aZn¨psIm­ncn¡p- ¶ hnjb§Ä,
Rm\mtÇjn¨ hnizmkw AsXm¶p-w
Xs¶ NÀ¨mhnjbambnÃ. X§Ä¡dn
bpambncp-¶ B s]¬Ip-«nbn \n¶pw
XoÀ¯pw hn`n¶bmb Cu apkvenapambn
klIcn¡m³ AhÀ¡p- ­ mbncp- ¶
GI amÀK-w Hcp-ÿ]t£,- AXmbncn¡mw.
Ahcp-sS kvt\lhmbv]pIfpw AwKo
Imchpw BZyw Ahcnepfhm¡nb \Sp
¡s¯bpw ktµl§sfbpw adnIS¶p-
sh¦nepw, Fsâ amä¯nsâ kab¯v
]et¸mgpw Häs¸«hfpw sXäp²cn¡s¸
«hfpambn F\n¡v kzbw tXm¶nbncp-
¶p-''-.
Ahkm\w Xms\mcp apkvenambncn
¡p-¶p-sh¶v tabn ]dªt¸mÄ AXv
AhfpsS AÑs\ icn¡p-w XIÀ¯p
Ifªp.
""ilmZ¯v sNmÃn Hcp- hÀjw Ign
ªp am{XamWv apkvenamb Imcyw
Rm³ aXm]nXm¡tfmSv ]dªXv''-þ
tabn ]dªp. ""Rm³ lnPm_v [cn¨ncp-
¶nsænepw bqWnthgvknänbn \n
¶pw h¶t¸mÄ F¶n Ft´m amä
apÅXmbn AhÀ a\Ênem¡n. Hcp Znh
kw Aѳ tNmZn¨p:- ""\o k´pãbtÃ?
F´mWv {]iv\w? Ft´ C{X Zp:Jw?''
Rm³ ]dªp: ""H¶p-anÃ, F\n¡v Zp:J
sam¶p-anÃ,ÿHcp- Ipg¸hpanÃ''-. At¸m
Ä At±lw ]dªp: ""AÃ.- ]dbq, \n\
s¡t´m Ft¶mSv ]dbm\p-­v, Ft´m
Nne amä§Ä kw`hn¨n«p­v''.- At¶-
cw- Rm³ ]dªp: ""Rms\mcp- apkvenam
Wv''.- A-Xp- tI-«t- ¸mÄ- At±lw {`m´\m
bn. Gsd thZ\n¡p-Ibpw hymIp-es¸Sp
Ibpw sNbvXp. At±l¯n\Xv hniz
kn¡m\mbnÃ. ]t£,- F\n¡Xv henb
km´z\ambn. am-Xm]nXm¡tfmSv Ifhp
]dbm³ Rm\nãs¸«ncp-¶nÃ. AsX\n
¡v thZ\mP\Iamb Imcyambncp-¶p-.
F¶m F\n¡t¸mÄ kt´mjw
38
tXm¶n. AhtcmSv Imcyw ]dªphtÃm,
AXpaXn. sNt¿­Xp Xs¶bmWv
sNt¿­nh¶sX¶v F\n¡v t_m
[yambn. Rm³ ilm-Z¯v sNmÃn apkv
enambn«nÃmbncp- ¶ p- s h¦n Imcyw
hfsc tamiamIp-ambncp-¶p-. I-p-ªp
\mÄ apXÂ Fsâ lrZb¯nep­mbn
cp-¶ ssZhs¯ FSp¯p Ifbp¶Xv
Fsâ Poh³ Xs¶ FSp¯p Ifbp
¶Xp t]msebmbncp-¶p-''.-
]n¶oSv ho«nse§ns\bmWv Ign
ªsX¶dnbWsa¶v Rm\mhiys¸«p.
""ho«n AsXmcp Iem]¯n\nSbm
¡n. AsXmcp-ÿt]¡n\mhmbncp-¶p-. Rm
³ \-akvIcn¡mdps­¶v AhÀ a\Ên
em¡nbncp-\p-. Aѳ Fsâ \akvImc
¯n\v- hnLv\ - §Ä krãn¨ncp-¶p-. Rm³
_mKn kq£n¨ncp-¶ lnPm_v Aѳ
FSp¯v NhäpIp-«bnen«p''.-
""]cnNnXcmcp- a nÃm¯nSt¯¡v
Xmakw amäm³ F-s³-d- amXm]nXm¡Ä
Xocp-am\n¨p. AhÀ ]Whpw kvt\l
hpwÿth­sX´pw hmKvZm\w sNbvXp.
]t£,- AsXÃmw ssI¡qenbmsW¶dn
bp¶Xn\m Rm³ sXm«Xpt]mepanÃ.
F\n¡v \akvIcn¡mt\m, CkvemanI
A\p-j-vT-m\§Ät¡m IgnbmsXbmbn.
Rm³ Ak´pãbpw AkzkvY-bpam
bn''.-
""]-cy-hkm-\w- Zpx-J-I-c-ambncp-¶p-.
Rm³ A½tbmSv F\n¡v t]mIWsa¶v
]dªp. AhÀ k½Xn¨p. ap³t]
Xbmdm¡n sh¨ s]«nbpsaSp¯v A\p-
Pt\msSm¸w Rm³ tÌj\nte¡v \S
¶p. Zpx-J\nÀ`camb Hcp- Zn\ambncp-¶p-
AXv. t]mIp-¶Xn\p- ap¼v- A¨³ F
t¶mSp ]dªp: "\n\¡v Ip«nIfps­
¦n \ns¶ R§Ä AwKoIcn¡p-sa¶v
\o Icp-Xp¶pt­m? CÃ, Ip-«nIfp­
¦n Xs¶bpw \ns¶ Rm³ AwKoIcn
¡nÃ'.- B hm¡p-IÄ Hcn¡epw adIm
\mInÃ'-'.-ÿÿ
 Fsâ {]mb¯nepÅ ktlmZcnamcp-sS ]nd¶ aX¯nte¡p-Å aS¡w ]c¼cmKXamb
coXnbntem kmwkvImcnIhpw kmapZmbnIhpamb {]Xo£IÄ¡\p-kcnt¨m
CkvemanIm\p-j-vT-m\§Ä \nÀh-ln¡m\mbncp-¶nÃ. kmwkvImcnI \yq-\XIfpw
hyXnbm\§fpanÃm¯ kwip²amb, kXyk¼qÀW-amb Ckvemambncp-¶p-
AhÀ¡mhiyw.
""AÑ\n \n¶p-w hyXykvXambmWv AhÀ a\Ênem¡n.ÿ bnepÅ AXnÀhc¼v hfsc a§nbXm

A½bpw A\p-P¯nbpw {]XnIcn¨Xv. bncp-¶p-. XÂ-^eambn kwkvImcnI

hnhml¯n\mbn dPnkv{Sm¸okn F
s¶ ImWm³ h¶ sNdnb ktlmZcn
Fsâ amäw I­v kvX_v[
- b
- mbn.- {]tXy
In¨v- Fsâ thjw I-­n-«v.- AhÄ¡dn
bmhp¶,- cq]s¸Sp¯nb ]pcnIhpw sabv
¡¸pw tamSnbm¡nb apSnbpw ep_v-[-
amb hkv{XhpsaÃmw FhnsSt¸mbn?
B]mZ NqV-w Fs¶ t\m¡n AhÄ
XeIp-ep¡n. shfp¯ tkmIvkpw
jqkpambncp-¶p- Rm³ [cn¨ncp-¶Xv.
"sFjv' Ahnizk\nbXbpsS knw_m
_vsh³ {]tbmKt¯msS AhÄ
ªp: "Ct¸mÄ \o FÃm \nbahpw
sXän¨ncn¡p-¶p''.
F¶m AhÄ Fs¶ icn¡p- w
hnebncp-¯nbnÃ. kIeXns\¡p-dn¨pw
AhÄ tNmZn¨p. FÃm \hhnizmknI
sfbpw t]mse,ÿCkvemansâ `wKnbpw
kXyhpw a\Ênem¡n Ahfpw
amäm¯n\v Xb-mdmIp-sa¶ {]Xo£bnÂ
Rm³ adp]Sn ]dªpsIm­pancp-¶p-.
Hcp- \h apkvenan\v klnt¡­nhcp-
¶ t¢iIcamb Imcy§fnsem¶v Ah
cp- s S Ip- S pw_¯nsâ Aew`mhhpw
Zo\nt\mSpÅ Ahcp-sS ]I-bpw shdp
¸pamsW¶v Rm³ Icp-Xp¶p-. IS¸mSp
IÄ Ibvt]dnb ]co£Whpw hoSv Hcp-
bp²¡fhpambn amdp¶p-.
F´ns\¡mfpap]cnbmbn
"ssZhs¯ Is­¯n' F¶Xn A½
hfsc kt´mjhXnbmbncp-¶p-. NÀ¨n
 \n¶p-w Xncns¨¯n AhÀ
kam[m\n¨p. Hcp-ÿ\ncoizc Npäp]mSnÂ
hfÀ¯s¸«n«pw Rm³ c£nXmhns\
Xncn¨dnªv Ahs\ Bcm[n¡m³
FtâXmb PohnXw \bn¡p-¶p- F¶v-
A-½ kamizkn¨p ImWp-sa¶v Rm³
Icp-Xn. Fsâ kw`mjW¯nse Bßo
b Xe§sf aämsc¡mfpw- `wKnbmbn
F¶m apkvenw ]Ým¯eapÅ
\nba§Ä ]et¸mgpw hÀK-]chpw
kv{XoIÄt]mepw Ip-Spw_ k½ÀZ§fn
enwK]chpw km¼¯n-Ihpamb XmÂ-
 \n¶p-w kpc£nXcÃ. Fsâ {]mb
]cy§Ä¡\p-kcn¨v h{IoIcW§tfm
¯nepÅ ktlmZcnamcp-sS ]nd¶ aX
sS bYmÀY- CkvemanI \nba§Äs¡m
¯nte¡p-Å aS¡w ]c¼cmKXamb
¸w Ønc{]XnjvT t\SpIbpw \nÀ_Ô
coXnbntem kmwkvImcnIhpw kmapZm
am-¡-s¸SpIbpap­mbn«p­v. t\mÀ¯v
bnIhpamb {]Xo£IÄ¡\p-kcnt¨m
e­\nse Hcp-ÿ_wKmfn bphXnbpsS
CkvemanIm\p-jvT
- m
- \§Ä \nÀh-ln¡m
ssaem©n IeymW¯n\v £Wn¡s¸
\mbncp-¶nÃ. kmwkvImcnI \yq-\XIfpw
«Xv Rms\mcn¡epw ad¡p-IbnÃ. _w
hyXnbm\§fpanÃm¯ kwip²amb,
Kmfn ss]XrI{]Imcw BWp-w s]®pw
kXyk¼qÀW-amb Ckvemambncp-¶p-
Xoäbpw _lfhpw h[phns\ BinÀh
AhÀ¡mhiyw. B{^n¡³ kwkvImc
]d Zn¡epsaÃmambn "salµn cm{Xn' IpSpw
s¯ _lpam\n¨p hfÀ¶ NneÀ Gjy
_¯n\v apgph³ Hcp- henb ]cn]mSn
³ apkvenwIsfbpw ]m¡nkvXm\n, _w
Xs¶bmWv. ssaem©n CSpI F¶Xv
Kmfn apkvenwIsfbpsaÃmw Ahcp-sS
]cn]mSnbnse Gähpw sNdnb Imcyam
kwkvImcs¯{]Xn Ifnbm¡p- ¶ Xv
bmWv F\n¡v ImWm\mbXv! h[p hf
]et¸mgpsas¶ AXnibn¸n¨n«p­v.
sc ]ncnapdp¡¯nembncp-¶p-. AhfpsS
]m-c-¼-cy- kwkvImcw aXambn sXän²
ktlmZcnamtcmSpw kplr¯p¡tfmSp
cn¡s¸SpIbpw aXm`n\nthit¯msS
sam¯v CSbv- ¡ nsS s]m«n¨ncn¡p- w .
Hcp- ]cnKWn¡s¸SpIbpw sNbvXt¸mgmWv
aäpÅhtcmSv hnj® `mh¯nepw!- acW
\nÀ_Ô hnhml§fpw _lpam\
s¸« ]nXmhnsâ ASp¯ kplr¯nsâ
kqNIamb _enbpw kv{XoIfpsS ]cn
aI\mb,- Hcn¡epw I­n«nÃm¯,- hnhm
tÑZ\hpw þAh ]Xnhmtbm, A]qÀh
lw Ign¡m³ B{Kln¨n«nÃm¯ Hcp-
amtbm Bbmepwþ Ckvemapambn sXäm
bphmhpambm-W-v AhfpsS hnhmlsa¶
bn CW¡s¸«sX¶v Rm³ a\Ên
dnªt¸mÄ Rm³- A-¼-c-¶p.-
em¡n.
AhfpsS hnhmlw ap³Iq«n Btem
t_Kw ]dbp¶p- : ""A¶v, Fsâ
Nn¨pd¨XÃ F¶XÃ Fs¶ Ae«nb
]{´­mas¯ hbÊnÂ, \njvTbpÅ
Xv. an¡ ktlmZcnamscbpw t]mse
apkvenwIÄ Ip-dhmbncp-¶Xn\m R
Fsâ hnhmlhpw "Atd³PvUv' Bbncp-
Rm³ §Ä¡v Ht«sd t¢i§f\p-`hnt¡­n
¶p-. (AtXIp-dn¨v ]n¶nSv ]dbmw). Ah
h¶-p-. A§s\ (R§Ä icnbmb
fpsS _wKmfn ss]XrIw Hcp-ÿapkve-nw
CkvemanI PohnXw XpS§nbt¸mÄ)
bphXn¡v Ckvemw \Â-Ip-¶ AhImi
kzbw R§Ä¡v kaqlt¯mSpw Ip- S pw_
§sf \o¡w sN¿p¶p-ÿF¶ bmYmÀYy
t¯mSpw Iq«pI-mtcmSpw F¶p-ÿth­
amsWs¶ hnjan¸n¨Xv. Xsâ `mhn]¦m
GÃm-htcmSpw aXkw_Ôambn hg¡n
fnsb ImWm\p-w ]cnNbs¸Sm-\p-apÅ
tS­nh¶p-. AhÀ¡v R§Ä Hcp ]pXn
AhImiw, ImcWw IqSmsXtbm AÃm
b aXw kzoIcn¨hsct¸msebmbncp-
sXtbm XÅm\p-w sImÅm\p-apÅ Ah
¶p''-.
Imiw \ntj[n¡s¸Sp¶Xv F\n¡v
]e kaql§fnepw ]c¼cmKX lrZb t`ZIambn tXm¶n. Rms\´mWv
kwkvImc§Ä¡p- w Ckveman\p- a nS {]Xo£n¨ncp-¶Xv?ÿssaem©nbnSm³

2007 B-K-kv-äv- 39
klmbn¡p-¶ Iq«pImcn kmZnbbpw Rm tam? GXv s]mXp]cn]mSnIfnepw, Ä¡v hgnsh¨p. ]t£,- Rms\´p

\p-w F§s\bmWv kulrZw ]¦nSpI {]tXyIn¨v Aapkvenw Ip-Spw_§fpw N¿pw? Fsâ ZrãnIÄ¡v ap¼-n Npcp-

bpw ]ckv]cw _lpam\n¡p-Ibpw sN kplr¯pIfpw ]s¦Sp¡p-¶nS¯v, fgnªp hcp-¶ Cu ]pXnbhnizmk

bvXncp-¶Xv,kemw ]dªncp-¶Xv, AÃm C¯cw tNmZy§Ä _m[t]mse IqsS ¯n \-neo\bmIm³ Rm\m{Kln¨p-.

lphns\ kvacn¨ncp-¶X,-v hkv{Xw [cn bp­mIp-w. Fsâ ^vfmänse klhmkn kwhZn¡m³ Ht«sd hnjb§Ä, tNmZn

¨ncp-¶X,-v s]mXpsh s]cp-amdnbncp-¶Xv bmbncp-¶ C^phbpsS _Ôphnsâ ¡m³ Hcp-]mSv tNmZy§Ä, ]p\x-]cn

AXpt]msesbm¶p-w apkvenambn P\n ho«n AhÄ¡v Ip- « n P\n¨Xnsâ tim[n¡m³ Ip-sd \ne]mSpIÄ.- Rm\

¨p hfÀ¶ AhfpsS Ip- S pw_¯n\v BtLmj¯n ]s¦Sp¯Xv XnI¨pw hbnseÃmw apgpInt¸mbn.ÿK\n¿ F

hnizmks¯ ]n³]ämt\m Biwkn AtcmNIhpw AkzØI-c-hpamb Hc t¶mSv ]dbpIbp­mbn: ""Zo\nte¡v

¡mt\m Ignbp¶nÃ!- Hcp-ÿXeXncnª \p-`hambn. AkvÀ \akvImc¯n\p-Å IS¶p-hcp-t¼mÄ AsX\n¡v BNcn

]¿³ AhfpsS A½sbbpw ktlmZcn kabambncp-¶p- AXv. ]mb hncn¨v \a ¡m\p- Å XmsW¶ t_m[]qÀhamb

sbbpw No¯hnfn¡m³ XpS§nbt¸mÄ kvIcn¡m³ B Xn§n\ndª ho«n\p- Hcp- Xocp-am\sam¶p-w Rms\Sp¯ncp-¶n

t]meosk¯n.- B kÔytbmsS ]mc Ån Hcp- aqe Rm³ Is­¯n. dpIq Ã. Hcp- Znhkw DWÀs¶Woät¸mÄ F

¼cy BNmc§sf IWniambn A\p- C\mbn Ip-\nªt¸mÄ Fs¶ sXm«pcp- sâ lrZbw amdnt¸mbn F¶ AhØ

Kan¡p-¶Xns\Xnsc Fsâ {]Xntj[w ½n Btcm IS¶p-t]mbn. Rm³ \nhÀ¶p- bmbncp-¶p-. Rm³ bmsXmcp- \nco£

iàambn. \nÀ`mKyhimÂ, ]mc¼cy \n¶p-. Btcm Fsâ ]ndIn tKmhWn Whpw \S¯nbn-cp-¶nÃ. ]t£, AÃm

§sf FXnÀ¡p-Itbm, amä¯nte¡v bn \n¡p-¶p-sh¶v Rm\dnªp. lp Fs¶ k·mÀK¯nte¡v hgn\S

£Wn¡p-Itbm sNbvXm ]mÝmXyÀ ]ns¶ \akvImc¯n F\n¡v GIm ¯pIbmbncp¶p. AXv s]mSp¶s\

¡nSbn t]mepwþAXnsâ Xo{hamb {KX e`n¨nÃ. lnPm_v [cn¨ncp-¶Xn kw`hn¨Xn\mÂ, Fsâ PohnX¯nÂ

AhØbnÂþ Poh³ Xs¶ \ãamIp- \mÂÿA\y{Kl¯n \n¶pw- h¶ Hcm \n¶p- w FÃmhscbpw Hgnhmt¡­n

¶ `bm\Iamb kXyw \ne\n¡p-¶p- sft¸mse Ghcp-w Fs¶ \nco£n¡p- h¶Xn\m Rm³ XnI¨pw Häs¸«p

­v.ÿÿ ¶Xmbn tXm¶n. Rm\hnsS hnt\mZ§ t]mbn. imcocnIambpw am\knIambpw

amänadn¡p-¶ Hcp- PohnXcoXn fnÃm¯, hyXy-kvXbmb Hcp-hfmbn Hä Ip-Spw_w Fs¶ ]pd´Ån. Fsâ Iq«p

s¸«p \n¶p-.ÿÿÿ Imtchcp-w AapkvenwIfpambncp-¶p-.

bphXz¯n Hcp-ÿapkvenamIp-t¼m
Ä, hninjym \n§Ä CkvemanI \nbaw
þicoA¯vþ A\p-kcn¨v Pohn¡p-Ibm
sW¦nÂÿ]et¸mgpw \n§Ä kaql
¯n \n¶p-w {`-ã\m¡s¸Spw. AXmb
Xv \n§fpsS Aapkvenw kplr¯p¡Ä
Hcp- ]mÀ«nt¡m, ¢ºntem, _mdntem
t]mIms\mcp-§pt¼mÄ ]Xnhmbn
\n§Ä¡v "ap³IqÀ Pmayw' FSpt¡­n
]pXnb P·w In«nb {]XoXnbmbncp-¶p-
kz-mZnJ ]dªp: ""Rm³ AhÀ kw
F\n¡v. FÃmw CÃmbvabn \n¶p-amcw
kmcn¡p- ¶ Xpt]mse kwkmcn¨nÃ,
`n¡Ww. ]pXnb kapZmbs¯, ]pXnb
Ahsct¸mse {]À¯n¨nÃ, bmsXmcp-
kplr¯p¡sf, ]pXnb hkv{Xw t]m
\nebv-¡p-w Rm\hsct¸mse BbnÃ.
epw Is­t¯­nbncn¡p-¶p....-. Rm³
ImcWw Rm³ Zo³ ]n³]äpIbmbncp-
icn¡p-w Häs¸«p. F\n¡mcp-anÃmbncp-
¶p-. BbXpsIm­v BfpIÄ Fs¶
¶p-, H¶p-anÃmbncp-¶p-. aämcp-a-Ã-, AÃm
hn«Iep¶Xmbn Rm³ a\Ênem¡n.
l-phmWv Fsâ PohnXs¯ apt¶m«p
Rm\hÀ¡v AtcmNIambncp-¶p-''-.
\bn¨Xv''.-

kmd
hcp-sa¶ÀY-w. ImgvNbn H«pw {]iv\
""Ahkm\w, Aapkv e nwIfpambn
Icasöv tXm¶p-¶ d³tÌmdâp t]m c­p amÀK-§fnsem¶v ¡v sX
]pd¯pt]mhp-I A]qÀhambn. km{µ
epw adnIS¡m³ {]bmkw krãn¡p-¶ csªSpt¡­Xp­mbncp-¶p-. AhÄ
bpsS ASp¡fbnepw Fs¶t¸mse
shÃphnfnbm-bn-¯ocmw. kv{Xo ]pcp-j Bthi]qÀh-w ]¦Sp¯ncp-¶ _mkvIäv
CkvemanteIv-ÿh¶hcp-w hnizmk¯n
kwKas¯ Hgnhm¡m\mhp-tam? AhnsS t_mÄ aÕc§fpw Zo\nsâ A\p-[m
te¡v aS§nbhcp-amb apkvenwItfm
aZyw hnf¼pIbntÃ? amwkw lemembn h\hpambncp-¶p- Ah.
sSm¯v Rm³ IqSpXÂ kwbw sNehn
cn¡p-tam? X«ps]mfn¸³ kwKoXhpw
Sm³ XpS§n. CXv Fsâ ]gb kplr ""Dt]£n¡m³ a\Êphcm¯ H¶m
\r¯hpw D­mIp-tam? lnPm_nÂ
¯p¡Ä¡nSbn Rm³ hÃmsX amdn bncp-¶p- ImbnI hnt\mZw''-þ Ahsft¶m
F\n¡v A]cnN- n XXzw tXm¶p- t am?
t¸mbn F¶p-w Ahcn \n¶p-saÃmw Sp ]dªp. ""]Xn\mep hbÊpapXÂ
Fsâ Zo\n hn«phogvN sNt¿­nhcp-
AIep¶p-ÿF¶p-sa-ÃmapÅ XÀ¡§ Rm³ _mkvIäv t_mÄ Ifn¡p-¶p-­v.

]pXnb P·w In«nb {]XoXnbmbncp-¶p- F\n¡v. FÃmw CÃmbvabn \n¶p-amcw`n¡Ww.

]pXnb kapZmbs¯, ]pXnb kplr¯p¡sf, ]pXnb hkv{Xw t]mepw
Is­t¯­nbncn¡p-¶p....-. Rm³ icn¡p-w Häs¸«p. F\n¡mcp-anÃmbncp-¶p-,
H¶p-anÃmbncp-¶p-. aämcp-a-Ã-, AÃml-phmWv Fsâ PohnXs¯ apt¶m«p \bn¨Xv.-
2007 B-K-kv-äv- 40
 knw_m_vshbnse ]gb kplr¯p¡Ä¡nSbnÂ, AhscÃmadnbp¶ B s]¬Ip-«n
A]cnjvIrXhpw hnIrXhpamb cq]¯nte¡v F§s\ amdnsb¶ Imcyw Hcp- InwhZ´n
IWs¡ ]ckyamIp-¶Xv Rm\nãs¸«nÃ. Fsâ Ac£nX t_m[wsIm­mbncn¡mw
]gb kplr¯p¡sf I­pap«m³ Gsd Imeambn Rm\nãs¸«ncp-¶nÃ.
F\n¡v Bizmkhpw BtcmKyhp-w kmc as[y AhÄ s]mSp¶s\ ]d ap­mbncns¡, XcwXmgv¯epIfpw

\ÂIns¡m­v AsXsâ PohnX¯nsâ ªp: ""\o ]gbXpt]mse Xs¶!ÿAtX ]cnlmk§fpw asä´ns\¡mfpw- thZ

Hcp- henb `mKw Xs¶bmbn¡gnªncp- XamiIÄ, FÃmw ]gbXpt]mse!''. \mP\IamWv. Rm\dnbp¶ Ghscbpw

¶p-. AXnsâ kmaqlnI kz`mhs¯ AhÄ icn¡p-w kvX_v-[-bmbncp-¶p''.- Is­¯n CkvemamtÇjn¡m³ F§

apgph\mbpw Rm\nãs¸«ncp-¶p.- Pohn s\, F´psIm­v Rm³ kzbw \nÀ_

kplr¯p¡fpsS Ahtlf\§Ä

X¯nsâ B `mKw Hgnhm¡p-¶Xv F\n ÔnXbmbn F¶v hniZoIcn¡-p-I

¡v k¦Â-]-n¡m³ t]mepw Ignªncp-
¶nÃ. ]t£, AÂlwZpenÃmlv, AXn
t\mSpÅ B A`n\nthiw \ndw a§n
h¶p-. ]mÀ¡nepw hbteeIfnepw aäp
apÅ \S¯w AXn\p- ÿ ]IcambpÅ
A\p-`hn¡p-¶X
- v- XoÀ¯pw eÖmIcam
Akm[yambncp-¶Xn\mÂ, HcÀY-¯nÂ,
Wv. \n§fpsS ]gb kplr¯nt\mSv,
Rm³ ]n³henbpIbmbncp-¶p-. \ymbo
AhÄ \n§sf Zbm]pcÊ-cw t\m¡-p-
IcW§fpw hniZoIcW§fpw Bhiy
Itbm, Hcp-]t£ ""Ahsf It­m, ]m
s¸Sm¯hÀ¡nSbn Rm³ IqSpXÂ
hw s]®v.- Ahsf´n\v C§s\ kzbw
kamizmkw Is­¯n.
\in¡Ww?'' F¶vÿ
- Icp-XpItbm sN¿p

Hc`n\nthiambn amdn. Bßobambn t¼mÄ, \n§fpsS ]pXnb PohnX coXn hnaÀi\§sf `b¶p-w Xsâ ilmZ

IqSpXÂ t_m[hXnbmbt¸mÄ agbpw bpsS al¯-zhpw `wKnbpw F§s\ ¯pambn Pohn¡m\p-Å IgnhnÂ

]dªv t_m[n¸n¡m\mhp-w? XoÀ¨bnÃmXncp-¶Xn\mepw kplr¯p

BImihpw ac§fpw sshhn[yamÀ¶

¢mc
¡fn \n¶p-w F§s\bmWv {ItaW
]¨¸pIfpw F¶p-th­ AÃmlp \ap kpss_Z ]dªp: ""F\n¡Xv hf
]n³hm§nbsX¶v Ft¶mSv ]d
¡mbn \ÂInb kIeXns\bpw A\p- sc \ncmimP\Iamb A\p-`hambncp-
bpIbp­mbn:- ""Fsâ Imcy§sfm¶p-w
tamZn¡m³ F\n¡v Ignªp'-'.-ÿÿ ¶p. hninjym Rm³ hfÀ¶ {]tZis¯
Rm³ Iq«pImcp-ambn ]¦-p-sh¡mdnÃm
BfpIsf ImWp- t ¼mÄ. Ahscs¶
kmaqlnI ho£W§Ä¡v ]pdsa

Ckvemante¡v aS§nbhcp-sS- kplr
¯p¡Ä¡v thsdbpw Ip-ämtcm]W§Ä
D­mhpI kzm`mhnIamWv. FÃmänep-
ap]cn, DtZzKamÀ¶ iWvTIfpw {`m´³
{]-hÀ-¯-\-§-fpw- hnIrXamb thj`q
jmZnIfpsaÃmw ]¦n«psIm­v kpJ
ZpxJ§fn AhÀ Hcp-an¨v IS¶p-t]mb
hcmWv. ho«n \n¶v Hfnt¨m-Sn-b-hÄ-,
Xsâ hgntISpIÄ ad¡m³ aXm]nXm
¡tfmSv Ifhp ]dªncp-¶hÄ, \nim
¢ºpIfn ]ds¶¯n, ISwhm§nb
"sslloÂ' jq [cn¨vÿcm{Xn apgph³
\r¯amSnbncp-¶hÄ Ct¸mÄ Hcp- apkv
enambn Ft¶m? AhÄ ]ÀZbm ico
cw adbv-¡p-¶p-sht¶m? aZy]n¡m¯,
NpänbSn¡m¯, ]pcp-j·mcn XmÂ-
]cyanÃm¯ Hcp-hfmbn Ft¶m? AhÄ
¡{Xam{Xw amdphm³ Ignªpthm?
Bcnte¡mWv, Asæn F´nte¡m
Wv Chfn§s\ cq]m´cs¸Sp¶Xv?ÿ
kmd ]dªp: ""Rm³ icocw adbv-
¡m³ XpS§nbXn\p- tijw AbÂ-]-
Kmc¯
bncp-¶p-. Ft¶mSv Ckvemans\¡p-dn¨v
ASnapSn t\m¡ns¡m­v ]dbpw: ""F´v!-
kwkmcn¨ncp-¶Xv v Bbncp-¶p-
\otbm? \o Hcp- apkvenambn Ft¶m?''-
F¶Xn\m At±l¯n\p- th­nbm
""shbnepÅ Hcp- {]`mX¯n Cu
bncn¡p-w Rm³ apkvenambXv F¶v Ah
Ìv e­\nse Syq-_v tÌj\n sh¨v
À Icp-Xpsa¶XmWvÿ`mKnIambn AXn
Hcp- ]gb kvIqÄ kplr¯ns\ I­
\v tlXphmXv. Ip-ds¨ms¡ At±lw
t¸mgp­mb A¼c¸v F\ns¡mcn¡epw
ImcWam-sW-¶v- aäpÅhtcmSv hniZo
ad¡m\mInÃ. R§Ä kvIqfnse ]mÀ«n-
Icn¡msX, Ahcp-ambn H¯pt]mhp-I
kplr¯p¡fmbncp-¶p-. hÀj§Ä¡v
F\n¡v _p²nap«mbncp-¶p-. aäpÅhcpw
tijw- B-Zyambn,- a§nb Idp¯ lnPm
Rm\p-ambpÅ hyXymksas´¶v
_pw A_mbbpw [cn¨v, sabv-¡-¸nÃm
Øm]n¡m³ Rm³ `bs¸«p. kzbw
¯, t\cs¯ ]pds¸«Xn\m £oWw
F\n¡mhpw- h n[w Pohn¡m\mbnsÃ
tXm¶n¸n¡p-¶ apJhpambn Ashsf
¦n Ahscs¶ F{]Imcw IW¡nse
s¶ I­Xv F\n¡kl\obambncp-
Sp¡p-sa¶mbncp-¶p- Rm³ `bs¸«Xv.
¶p''-.
Nne Imcy§sf BtÇjn¡p-¶XnepÅ
knw_m_v s hbnse ]gb kplr
Fsâ Ignhn F\n¡v kwibap­mbn
¯p¡Ä¡nSbnÂ, AhscÃmadnbp¶
cp-¶p-. kplr¯p¡fn \n¶p-w Rm³
B s]¬Ip-«n A]cnjvIrXhpw hnIrX
_lpZqcw AI¶p-. AtX¡p-dn¨[nIam
hpamb cq]¯nte¡v F§s\ amdn
bn Rm\htcmSv ]dªXpanÃ. H¶p-w
sb¶ Imcyw Hcp- InwhZ´n IWs¡
]dbmXncn¡emWXnsâ coXnsb¶v
]ckyamIp-¶Xv Rm\nãs¸«nÃ. Fsâ
Rm³ Icp-Xn. asämcp- \nebv-¡Xv- A\p-
Ac£nX t_m[wsIm­mbncn¡mw
hÀ¯n¡m\mIp-sa¶v kXy¯n Rm³
]gb kplr¯p¡sf I­pap«m³
Nn´n¨tXbnÃ.''
Gsd Imeambn Rm\nãs¸«ncp-¶nÃ.

¡¯pÅ Hcp- ImbnI kplr¯pambn

þhn-h.- A-_q-lw-\- Im-c-¯qÀ-
\n§Ä sN¿p¶Xv icnbmsW¶p-w hniz

kabw sNehgn¡mdp­mbncp-¶p.- kw kn¡p-¶Xv kXyamsW¶p-apÅ t_m[y

2007 B-K-kv-äv- 41
 a-cW
- ti-js- am-cp-
a-S¡
- t- am? -

]-c-tem-I- \n-tj-[n-I-fp-sS- tNm-Zy--§-fpw-

hm-Z-§-fpw- JpÀ-B³- \Â-Ip-¶- a-dp-]-Sn-bpw-

A_v-Zp-d-Du-^v-
""H-cmÄ- a-cn-¨p- I-gn-ªmÂ- A-bm-sf- a-®nÂ- a-d-hp- ªp; acWs¸Sp¶hsc AÃmlp DbnÀs¯gpt¶

sN-¿p-¶-h-cpw- Nn-X-bnÂ- Z-ln-¸n-¡p-¶-h-cpw- \-Zn-bn- Â]n¡pIbnà F¶v. A§s\bÃ. AXv Ah³

sem-gp-¡p-¶-h-cp-sa-Ãm-ap-­v.- a-d-hp-sN-¿-s¸-«-h-cp-sS- _m[yXtbä kXyhmKvZm\amIp¶p. ]t£, a\p

P-Uw- G-sd- Xm-a-kn-bm-sX- a-t®m-Sp- tN-cpw.- Nn-X- jycn A[nIt]cpw a\Ênem¡p¶nÃ''- (6:-29)-.

bnÂ- Z-ln-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-h- D-S-s\- Nm-c-am-bn- am-dp-¶p.- ""\n§Ä¡v \ÂIs¸Sp¶ B hmKvZm\w F{X

C-§-s\- XoÀ-¯pw- C-Ãm-Xm-bn- am-dp-¶- a-\p-jyÀ- ho- sb{X hnZqcw! PohnXsa¶Xv \½psS Cu sFlnI

­pw- D-bnÀ-s¯-gp-t¶Â-]n-¡-s¸-S-p-sa-¶pw- A-hÀ-¡v- PohnXw am{XamIp¶p. \mw acn¡p¶p. \mw P\n

'-
C-lt
- em-I¯
- n-se- {]-hÀ-¯\
- §
- Ä
- ¡
- \
- p-kc
- n-¨v- c£m- ¡p¶p. \mw DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â]n¡s¸Sp¶hcÃ

in-£-IÄ- \Â-Ipw- F-s¶-Ãm-ap-Å- C-kv-em-an-Im-[ym- Xs¶ (23:-36,-37)-.

]-\-§Ä- Xn-I-¨pw- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-c-ln-X-a-tÃ?- Ahn-iz-

""AhÀ ]dªp: R§Ä acn¨p a®pw AkvYn
k-\o-ba
- t
- Ã?- A-sX-§s
- \- kw-`h
- n- ¡
- m-\m-Wv''- F-s¶-
iIe§fpw Bbn¡gnªm R§Ä DbnÀs¯gp
Ãm-ap-Å- tNm-Zy-§Ä- -bp-àn-hm-Zn-I-fS-¡-ap-Å- ]-e-
t¶Â]n¡s¸Spsat¶m? R§Ä¡pw, ap¼v R§fp
cnÂ- \n-¶pw- D-bÀ-¶p-tIÄ-¡m-dp-­v.- C-¯-c-¯n-ep-
sS ]nXm¡Ä¡pw Cu hmKvZm\w \ÂIs¸«ncp¶p.
Å- tNm-Zy-§Ä- tem-I-¯p-h¶-- {]-hm-N-I-·m-tcm-sS-
CXv ]qÀh-nI³amcpsS sI«pIYIÄ am{XamIp¶p''-
Ãmw- a-c-Wm-\-´-c- Po-hn-X-¯nÂ- hn-izm-k-an-Ãm-¯- P-
(23:-82,-83)-.
\-§Ä- tNm-Zn-¨n-«p-Å-Xm-bn- JpÀ-B³- a-\-Ên-em-¡n-
""(AhÀ ]dbpw:) acn¨v a®pw AkvYniIe§fp
¯-cp-¶p-­v.- A-hc
- p-sS- hm-Z§
- f
- pw- tNm-Zy-§f
- pw- hnip-
ambn¡gnªm R§Ä DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â]n¡
²- JpÀ-B³- hy-à-am-¡p-¶-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:-
s¸SpI Xs¶ sN¿ptam? R§fpsS ]qÀh]nXm

""AhÀ ]dªncp¶p; R§fpsS sFlnIPo ¡fpw (DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â]n¡s¸Sptam?)''- (37:-16,-17).

hnXaÃmsX bmsXm¶panÃ. R§Ä DbnÀs¯gpt¶

ssZ-hh
- n-iz-mk
- n-If
- m-sW-¦n-epw- ]-ct
- em-I¯
- nÂ- hn-
Â]n¡s¸Sp¶hcpaà F¶v''- (6:-29).--
izm-k-an-Ãm-¯hÀ- ]­-p-Im-e-¯p­m-bn-cp-¶p- F-¶v-

""AhÀ ]camh[n Dd¸n¨v kXyw sN¿mdpÅ hy-àw.-- ]

- c
- t
- em-I- \n-tj-[n-IÄ-¡v- a-dp-]S
- n-bm-bn- JpÀ-

coXnbn AÃmlphnsâ t]cn BWbn«p- ]d B³- ]-d-bp-¶p-:-

2007 B-K-kv-äv- 42
 ""AhÀ ]dªp: \mw FÃpIfpw PoÀWmhinjvS ´psIms­-¶m AÃmlp Xs¶bmWv kXyambp

§fpambn¡gnªm XoÀ¨bmbpw \mw ]pXnsbmcp Åh³. Ah³ acn¨hsc Pohn¸n¡pw. Ah³ GXv

krjvSnbmbn DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â]n¡s¸Sp¶XmtWm? Imcy¯n\pw IgnhpÅh\mWv. A´ykabw hcnI

(\_ntb,) \o ]dbpI: \n§Ä ItÃm Ccpt¼m Xs¶sN¿pw. AXn bmsXmcp kwibhpanÃ.

(22:-5,-7)-.-
Bbns¡mÅpI. Asæn \n§fpsS a\ÊpIfn J_vdpIfnepÅhsc AÃmlp DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â]n

 hepXmbn tXm¶p¶ GsX¦nepsamcp krjvSn ¡pIbpw sN¿pw''-

bmbns¡mÅpI (F¶mepw \n§Ä ]p\cpÖohn

""\n§sf krjvSn¡p¶Xpw ]p\cpÖohn¸n¡p
¸n¡s¸Spw).- At¸mÄ, "BcmWv R§sf (PohnX
¶Xpw Hscmä hyIvXnsb (krjvSn¡pIbpw ]p\
¯nte¡v) Xncn¨p- sIm­p-hcnI'- F¶v AhÀ ]d
cpÖohn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶Xv) t]mse am{Xam
tª¡pw. \n§sf BZyXhW krjvSn¨h³ Xs¶

-
Ip¶p.- XoÀ¨bmbpw AÃmlp FÃmw tIÄ¡pIbpw
F¶v \o ]dbpI. At¸mÄ \nsâ t\sc (t\m¡n
ImWpIbpw sN¿p¶h\s{X''- (31:-28).-
bn«v) AhÀ Xebm«ns¡m­-v ]dbpw: "Ft¸mgmbn
""X§Ä DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â]n¡s¸SpIbnsöv
cn¡pw AXv?'- \o ]dbpI:- "AXv ASp¯v Xs¶
B AhnizmknIÄ PÂ]n¨p.(\_ntb,)]dbpI:
Btb¡mw'-. AsX, Ah³ \n§sf hnfn¡pIbpw
AsX; Fsâ c£nXmhns\ Xs¶bmW, \n§Ä
Ahs\ kvXpXn¨v sIm­v- \n§Ä D¯cw \ÂIp
DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â]n¡s¸Spw. ]n¶oSv \n§Ä
Ibpw sN¿p¶ Znhkw. (AXn¶nS¡v) hfsc Ipd¨v
{]hÀ¯n¨Xns\¸än \n§Ä¡v hnhcadnbn¡s¸Sp
am{Xsa \n§Ä Ign¨pIq«nbn«pÅq F¶v \n§Ä
Ibpw sN¿pw. AXv AÃmlpsh kw_Ôn¨nSt¯m
hnNmcn¡pIbpw sN¿pw''- (17:-49þ52).-
fw Ffp¸apÅXmIp¶p''- (64:-7).--
""AhÀ \½psS ZrjvSm´§sf \ntj[n¨Xn\pw,
""a\pjy³ hnNmcn¡p¶pthm; Ah³ shdpsX
R§Ä FÃpIfpw PoÀWmhinjvS§fpw Bbn¡
hnt«¡s¸Spsa¶v! Ah³ {khn¡s¸Sp¶ ip¢¯n
gnªn«mtWm ]pXnsbmcp krjvSnbmbn R§Ä Dbn
 \n¶pÅ Hcp IWambncp¶ntÃ? ]ns¶ Ah³
Às¯gp¶Â]n¡s¸Sp¶Xv F¶v AhÀ ]dªXn
Hcp {`-qWambn. F¶n«v AÃmlp (Ahs\) krjv
\pw AhÀ¡pÅ {]Xn^eas{X AXv. BImi§
Sn¨p kwhn[m\n¨p. A§s\ AXn \n¶v BWpw
fpw `-qanbpw krjvSn¨ AÃmlp Chsct¸msebpÅ
s]®pamIp¶ c­-p CWIsf Ah³ D­-m¡n.-
hscbpw krjvSn¡m³ iIvX\mWv F¶v ChÀ a\
A§s\bpÅh³ acn¨hsc Pohn¸n¡m³ Ign
Ênem¡nbn«ntÃ? ChÀ¡v Ah³ Hcp Ah[n \niv
hpÅh\tÃ?''-(75:-36þ40).--
Nbn¨n«p­-v. AXn kwibta CÃ. F¶m \µn

tISv ImWn¡m\ÃmsX Cu A{IanIÄ¡v a\Êv

"\o `-qansb hc­-pW§nbXmbn ImWp¶p.

F¶n«v AXn \mw shÅw hÀjn¨m AXn\v

h¶nÃ''-(17:-98,-99)-.-
Ne\ap­-mhpIbpw AXv hfcpIbpw sN¿p¶p.
""a\pjytc, DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â]ns\ ]än \n§Ä
CXpw Ahsâ ZrjvSm´§fn s]«Xs{X. AXn\v
kwib¯nemsW¦n (BtemNn¨v t\m¡pI:)
Poh³ \ÂInbh³ XoÀ¨bmbpw acn¨hÀ¡pw
XoÀ¨bmbpw \mamWv \n§sf a®n \n¶pw ]n¶o
Poh³ \ÂIp¶h\mIp¶p. XoÀ¨bmbpw Ah³
Sv _oP¯n \n¶pw ]n¶oSv {`-qW¯n \n¶pw
GXpImcy¯n\pw IgnhpÅh\mIp¶p''- (41:- 39).--
A\´cw cq]w \ÂIs¸«Xpw cq]w \ÂIs¸Sm¯
""a\pjy³ hnNmcn¡p¶pt­-m; \mw Ahsâ
Xpamb amwk]nWvU¯n \n¶pw krjvSn¨Xv. \mw
FÃpIsf Hcpan¨pIq«pIbnsöv? AsX, \mw Ah
\n§Ä¡v Imcy§Ä hniZam¡n¯cm³ th­-n
sâ hnc¯p¼pIsf t]mepw icns¸Sp¯m³ Ign
(]dbpIbmIp¶p.) \mw Dt±in¡p¶Xns\ \nivNnX
hpÅh\mbncns¡''-(75:-3,-4)-.-
amb Hcp Ah[nhsc \mw KÀ`-mib§fn Xma

kn¸n¡p¶p. ]n¶oSv \n§sf \mw inip¡fmbn C-Ãm-bv-a-bnÂ- \n-¶v- a-\p-jy-s\- kr-jv-Sn-¨- {k-jv-

]pd¯v sIm­-phcp¶p. A\´cw \n§Ä \n§ Sm-hn-\v- a-\p-jy-s\- ]p-\-cp-Öo-hn-¸n-¡m³- I-gn-bn-Ã-

fpsS ]qÀW-iIvXn {]m]n¡p¶Xp hsc (\mw \n§ F-¶p- ]-d-bp-¶-Xn-em-Wv- bp-àn-lo-\-X- F-¶p- hy

sf hfÀ¯p¶p.) (t\cs¯) PohnXw Ahkm\n¸n àw.- tIm-Sm-\p-tIm-Sn- a-\p-jyÀ-¡v- hy-Xy-kvX

- a
- mb- hy-

¡s¸Sp¶hcpw \n§fpsS Iq«¯nep­-.v Adnhp­m àn-Xzhpw- ssI-hn-c-ep-I-fpw- X-e-ap-Sn-bpw- I-®p-I-fpw-

bncp¶Xn\v tijw bmsXm¶pw AdnbmXmIpw hn[w \Â-In-b- ssZ-h-¯n-\v- a-c-W-ti-jw- a-\p-jy-s\- ]p-

Gähpw Ahiamb {]mb¯nte¡v aS¡s¸Sp¶ \x-kr

- j
- vS
- n¡m³- F-´p- {]-bm-ka
- m-Wp-­m-bn-cn-¡p-I?-

hcpw \n§fpsS Iq«¯nep­-v. `-qan hc­-p \nÀPo \nÀ-Po-ha

- m-b- `qan- a-gI
- n-«n-bmÂ- k-Po-ha
- m-Ip-¶X
- p- t]m-

hambn InS¡p¶Xmbn \n\¡v ImWmw. F¶n«v se- a-cn-¨p- a-®-Sn-ª- a-\p-jy³- DbnÀ-s¯-gp-t¶Â-

AXn³ta \mw shÅw sNmcnªm AXv Cf ¡-p-sa-¶-XnÂ- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- bp-àn-lo-\-X?- A-hn-

IpIbpw hnIkn¡pIbpw, IuXpIapÅ FÃmXcw iz-k-\o-b-am-bn- A-XnÂ- F-´p-­v.-

sNSnIsfbpw AXv apf¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. AsX

2007 B-K-kv-äv- 43
 B-´a\p--cnj-I- ys\
{]-XnGÂ]n
-tcm-[ kwhn -[m\w
-¨mÂ..?!-
-A-Uz.- ap-Cu-\p-±o³-

_p²nbpw hnth-Ihp-apÅ a\p-jys\ I¯v Xma-ka

- p-d¸
- n-¨n-cn-¡pw. i-co-c¯
- n fmb tImi-§Ä DS-s\-¯s¶ DÂ]m-Zn-

B´-cnI {]Xn-tcm[kwhn-[m-\-¯nsâ i{Xp-¡Ä IqSp-sI-«n-bXv a\p-jy\v Adn- ¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw {]iv\-_m-[nX taJ-e-

{]hÀ¯-\-§Ä GÂ]-n-¨p-sIm-Sp-¯m bp-¶n-söXv AÀY-am-¡p-¶s

- X-´mWv? I-fn-te¡v Ab-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw thWw.

F´m- b n- c n¡pw ØnXn? _p²nbpw {]Y-a-L-«w-Xs¶ ]cmP-b-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p- _nþ- t Im- i - § Ä Bâ n- t _m- U n- I - f mb

t_m[-hp-an-Ãm¯ kq£va-tIm-i-§-sf- sh-¶ÀY-w. ico-c¯

- n-\I
- s¯ tcmKm-Wp- Bbp-[-§Ä \nÀa-n-¡Ww. i{Xp-¡-fpsS

¡mÄ IrXy-X-tbmsSbpw IWn-i-X-tbm- ¡-fpsS BZy CS-s]-Se

- p-IÄ Xs¶ a\p- {]Ir-Xhpw A{I-an¡p¶ `mKhpw \ap-

sSbpw IÀ¯-hy-§Ä bYm-k-a-b¯v jy³ Adn-bm-sX-t]m-bn. ]cntim-[n-¡- s¡-§-s\-bmWv \nÝ-bn-¡m³ km[n-

\nÀh-ln-¡p-hm³ a-\p-jy\v km[n- s¸-Sm¯ C¯cw Ah-ØI

- Ä amc-Ia
- mb ¡pI F¶Xm-Wn-hn-Ss¯ apJy {]iv\w.

¡ptam? B´-cnI bp²-X{- ´-§Ä Bhn- tcmK-§Ä ]nSns]Sp-¶X

- n\v Imc-Wa
- m-bn- Cu {]mY-anI Xocp-am-\¯
- nsâ ASn-Øm-

jvI-cn-¡p-I, hnI-kn-¸n-s¨-Sp-¡p-I, \S- ¯o-cp-¶p. A]cnlm-cy-amb {]iv\§

- fm- \-¯n-emWv bp²-¯nsâ `mhn Ne-\-

¸n hcp-¯p-I, bp²-¯nsâ taÂt\m«w bn-cn¡pw ^ew. C\n s]s«¶v ia\w §Ä InS-¡p-¶Xv. AXp-sIm-­vXs¶

hln-¡pI XpS§n H«-\-h[n IÀ¯-hy- e`n-¡p-¶ Xmc-X-tay\ eLp-hmb tcmK- CXv hfsc IrXyhpw ]qÀW-hp-am-bn-cn-

§Ä Ah³ sNt¿-­n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. §-fmWv ]nSn-s]-«s

- X-¦nepw sshInbpÅ ¡-Ww.

F´m-bn-cn¡pw _p²n-cm-£k
- \mb a\p- {]Xn-hn[n A]-I-S-I-c-amb {]Xn-k-Ôn-
Cu {]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-¡-W-sa-¦nÂ
jys\ GÂ]-n¨
- m Ah-Øs
- b¶v \ap I-fn-te¡pw Nne-t¸mÄ ac-W¯n-te¡v
a\p-jys\ kw_-Ôn-¨n-St¯mfw Hcp
¡v ]cn-tim-[n-¨p-t\m-¡mw. Xs¶-bp-am-bn-cn¡pw \bn-¡p-I. Npcp-¡-
tUmÎsd kao- ] n¨v ]cn- t im- [ \ \S-
¯n H¶mw-L«w Xs¶ k¼qÀW- ]cm-
ico-c-¯n tcmK-e-£-W-§Ä ¯msX \nhr¯n- b n- à . ico- c - ¯ nse
P-ba
- m-sW-¶ÀY-w.
ImWp-t¼mÄ am{X-amWv Xm³ tcmKm-Wp- Hmtcm Ah-b-hhpw Hmtcm XpÅn cà

¡-fm B{I-an-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p-sh¶v a\p- {]Ya L«w hfsc hnZ-Kv[-ambn ]cn- hpw Hmtcm ap¡pw aqebpw ]cn-tim-[n-

jy³ Adn-bp¶-Xv. sshd-kp-IÄ, _mÎo- tim- [ n¨v a\- Ê n- e m- ¡ nbn- c p- ¶ p- s h¶v t¡-­n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. F¦n am{Xsa i{Xp

cn-bI
- Ä, aä-t\Iw kq£va i{Xp-¡Ä XpS- sh¡p-I. sshtZ-inI i{Xp-tIm-i-§Ä Fhn-sS-bmWv ]Xn-bn- c
- n-¡p-¶s
- X-¶d
- n-bp-

§n-bh hfsc ap¼v Xs¶ ico-c-¯n-\- ico-c¯nte¡v IS-¡p-t¼mÄ tbm²m-¡- I-bpÅq. i{Xp-¡-fpsS {]Ir-Xhpw Øm

2007 B-K-kv-äv- 44
\hpw \nÀW-bn-¡m³ CX-ÃmsX asämcp
Hmtcm k-a-b-¯papÅ CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ \S-¶p-sh-¶pw
amÀK-hpw CÃ-X-s¶.
i{Xp-tIm-i¯
- nsâ {]IrXhpw Øm\hpw \nÀW-bn-¡s- ¸«psh¶pw
]t£,- ChnsS tUmÎsd kao-]n-¨p-
k¦Â]n-¡p-I. ChnsS i{Xp-hnsâ {]Ir-X-a-\p-k-cn¨v ^mtKm-ssk-äp-IÄ
{]hÀ¯-\-k-Ö-am-tI-­-Xp-­v.^mtKm-ssk-äp-Isf \ap¡v
sIm-­pÅ hnZKv[ ]cn-tim[\ Ign-bp-

t¼m-tg¡pw Hcp]mSv kabw \ã-s¸-«n-

cn- ¡ pw. Cu \- ã - a m- I s« X¡k- a - b - F§s\ IrXy-Øm\-t¯¡v ]d-ªp-hn-Sm³ km[n¡pw?

¯pÅ CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ¡v XSÊw krãn- IrXy- Øm\-t¯¡v Ahbv¡v Ffp-¸-¯n F¯n-t¨-cp-¶-Xn\v
¡-p-Ibpw hfsc Kuc-h-amb coXn-bn-
GXv Xcw knKv\e- mWv \ap¡v \ÂIm³ km[n¡pI?
epÅ ImeXma-k-¯n-\n-S-bm-¡p-Ibpw

sN¿p-sa-¶X
- n kwi-ba
- n-Ã. Hmtcm Xh-
FXm-bn-cp-¶mepw ASp¯ IÀ¯hyw fpsS _u²n-It
- ijn icn¡pw D]-tbmKn-
Wbpw tcmKm-Wp-¡Ä B{I-an-¡p-t¼mÄ
F¶ \nebv¡v amt{Im-t^-Pp- I
- Ä¡v i{Xp- t¡- ­ - X v. AXn- k mlknI- a mb Cu
tUmÎsd kao-]n-¡p-Ibpw saUn-¡Â
hnsâ Hcp IjvWw No´n-sb-Sp-¡p-Ibpw {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä a\p-jys\ G¸n-
]cn-tim-[\ \S-¯p-Ibpw sN¿pI F¶
k lm-bn Snþ-tIm-i-§Ä¡v ap¶-dn-bn¸v ¡msX krãn-IÀ¯mhv Xs¶ Gsä-Sp-
Xv a\p- j ys\ kw_- Ô n- ¨ n- S - t ¯mfw
\ÂIp-Ibpw thWw. A§s\ asämcp ¯n-cn-¡p-¶p-sh-¶Xv F´p-am{Xw A\p-
F{X-am{Xw _p²n-ap-«pÅ Imcy-am-bn-cn
bp²w Bcw-`n-¡p-I-bm-bn. Chn-sSbpw {K-la
- m-Wv. Ipä-aä
- Xpw ]cn-]qÀW-hp-amb
¡pw. Ahsâ \nXy-Po-hn-Xw-Xs¶ BsI
Cu tImi§ Ä hnP-b¯
- n-emtWm ]cm- kwhn[m \samcp¡n Ah-\Xv IrXy-ambn
XInSw adn-bp-I-bm-bn-cn¡pw ^ew.
P-b¯
- n-emtWm F¶v ]cn-tim-[n-¡Ww. kwc-£n-¡p-Ibpw taÂt\m«w hln-¡p-

Hmtcm k-ab
- ¯
- papÅ CS-s]-Se
- p-IÄ ho­pw tUmÎsd I­v ]cn-tim-[n-¡W
- - Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. Xm³ krãn-¨-Xns\

\S-¶p-sh-¶pw i{Xp-tIm-i-¯nsâ {]Ir sa-¶ÀY-w. XpSÀ¶v {]IrXnsIme-bmfn Ah³ IrXyambn t\m¡n kwc-£n-¡p-

Xhpw Øm\hpw \nÀW-bn-¡-s¸«psh tImi-§f

- psS klm-bhpw Bh-iy-ambn ¶p.

¶pw k¦Â]n-¡p-I. ChnsS i{Xp-hnsâ hcp-¶p. {]Xn-tcm[ kwhn-[m\w tcmKm-

“Xm\-ÃmsX bmsXmcp Bcm-[y-\p-an-
{]Ir-X-a-\p-k-cn¨v ^mtKm-ssk-äp-IÄ Wp-¡sf ]cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-¯p¶Xn ^e-
Ãm¯ AÃm-lp-hm-Wh³. cmPm-[n-Im-c-
{]hÀ¯-\k
- Ö
- a
- m-tI-­X
- p-­.v ^mtKm- {]-ZamtWm F¶Xv Ah-km\ ]cn-tim-
ap-Åh
- \pw ]ca]cn-ip-²\pw kam-[m\w
ssk-äp-Isf \ap¡v F§s\ IrXy-Øm [-\-tbm-Sp-IqSn a\-Ên-em-Ip-¶p.
\ÂIp¶-h\pw A`bw \evIp-¶-h\pw
\-t¯¡v ]d-ªp-hn-Sm³ km[n¡pw?
Npcp-¡-¯n Cu AÛp-X-I-chpw taÂt\m«w hln-¡p-¶h
- \pw {]Xm-]nbpw
IrXy- Øm\-t¯¡v Ahbv¡v Ffp-¸-
ka-b-_-Ôn-X-hp-amb {]Xn-tcm[ kwhn- ]c- a m- [ n- I m- c nbpw al- ¯ - z - a p- Å - h \pw
¯n F¯n-t¨-cp-¶-Xn\v GXv Xcw
[m-\¯
- nse {]hÀ¯-\§
- f
- psS Np¡m³ BIp-¶p Ah³. AhÀ ]¦p-tNÀ¡p-¶-
knKv\e
- mWv \ap¡v \ÂIm³ km[n¡p
a\p-jy-s\-bmWv GÂ]-n¨
- s
- X-¦n hfsc XnÂ\n-s¶Ãmw AÃmlp F{Xtbm ]cn-
I? Chsbms¡ {]k-à§
- f
- mb tNmZy-
k¦oÀW--amb Cu {]hÀ¯-\-§-fn ip-²³! ” (hn.-JpÀ-B-³- 59:-23).-
§-fm-W.v
IpSp§n Ah³ \«w-Xn-cn-bp-Ib
- m-bn-cn¡pw
kln-jW
v pX
Cu {]Xn-k-Ôn-IÄ apgp-h\mbpw ^ew. Ahsâ \nXy-Po-hn-Xa
- m-Is« asäm-
Nne i{Xp-tIm-i-§-fpsS LS-\bpw
XcWw sNbvXp F¶v k¦Â]-n-¡p-I. ¶n\pw kabw e`n-¡msX Xmdpam-dm-hp-
{]Ir-Xhpw \½psS ico-c¯
- n-\I
- ¯
- pÅ
At¸mÄ ]ns¶ ^mtKm-ssk-äp-IÄ bp Ibpw sN¿pw. km[m-cW Hcp Pe-tZmjw
tImi-¯nsâbpw Ie-If
- psSbpw kam\
²w hnPbnt¨m CÃtbm F¶v ]cn-tim[n h¶m Xs¶ \nc-h[n XhW tUmÎsd
coXn-bnep-ÅX
- m-W.v bmsXmcp hyXn-cn-à-
-t¡-­Xp­v. ^mtKm-ssk-äp-IÄ bp²w kao-]n-t¡-­n-hc
- pw. Pe-tZmjw amän-sb-
Xbpw Hä t\m«-¯n ZÀin-¡W
- s
- a-¶nÃ.
hnP-bn-¨p-sh-¦n bp²w \nÀ¯n-sh-t¡- Sp-¡p-¶X
- n-\mbn a
- m{Xw B[p-\nI saUn-
C¯cw kµÀ`-§f
- n {]Xn-tcm[ kwhn-
­n-hcpw. C\n ]cm-Pb
- a
- mWv ^e-sa-¦n ¡Â D]-Ic
- W
- §
- fpw B[p-\nI ]cn-tim-
[m-\¯
- n\v `b-¦c
- a
- mb A¦-em-¸p-­m-hp-
amt{Im-t^-P-p-Isf cwK-¯n-d-¡p-Ibpw [-\-Ifpw Bh-iy-ambn hcpw. ]cn-tim-[-
¶p. ico-c-¯nse Xs¶ Bh-iy-amb
thWw. \-IÄ¡n-S-bn-epÅ sNdnb Hcp Xma-k-
tImi-§sfbpw Ie-Is
- fbpw B{I-an-t¨-
Chn-sSbpw a\p-jys\ kw_-Ôn-¨n- am-Is« tcmKw aqÀÑn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw AXp-
¡m-hp¶ AhØ kwPm-X-am-Ip-¶p.
S-t¯mfw sshZy-]-cn-tim-[\ \S-¯p-I- hgn acWw hsc kw`-hn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw
F¶m AXy-Ûp-X-I-c-sa¶v ]d-b-
b-ÃmsX asämcp amÀK-an-Ã. ]cn-tim-[-\- tlXphm-bn-¯o-cpw. km[m-cW Hcp Pe-
s«, km[m-cW ØnXnbn ]qÀW- B
bn bp²w hnP- b n- ¨ n- « nà F¶mWv tZm-j-¯nsâ Ah-Ø-b-n-Xm-Wn-sX-¦nÂ
tcm-Ky-apÅ Hcp ico-c-¯n Cu B{I-
Is­- ¯ n- b - s X- ¦ n c­mw\n- c - ssa aäp tcmK-§f
- p-ambn _-Ôs
- ¸« B´-cnI
aWw \S-¡p-¶n-Ã. ico-c-¯nsâ kz´w
t{Imt^P-p-Isf {]iv\-_-m[nX taJ-e- bp²-§f
- psS ssIIm-cy-IÀXrXzw GÂ]n-
X·m-{X-I-tf-tbm tImi-§sf-tbm Ie-
bn-te-¡-b-t¡-­nhcpw. Cu {]hÀ¯-\- ¨-m-epÅ AhØ Nn´n-¡m-hp-¶tX-bp-
Isftbm {]Xn-tcm[ kwhn-[m\w Hcn-
§Ä¡nS-bn ]cn-tim-[-\bv¡v th­n Åq.

kln-jv-
¡epw B{I-an-¡p-¶nÃ. Cu {]Xn-`m-k-
hn\n-tbm-Kn¨ ka-bs
- ams¡ \ap¡v hn\- Chn- s S- b mWv [nj- W m- t _m- [ hpw
‘
WpX’
amWv sshZy-im-kv{X-¯nÂ
bm-bmWv `hn-¡pI. Xncn-¨d
- nhpw AkvXa
- n-¨n-«n-Ãm¯hÀ X§- 1
F¶ t]cn-e-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv!

2007 B-K-kv-äv- 45
 Hcp {Sney-Wn-e-[nIw enw-t^m-ssk-äp-I-fmWv ico-c-¯n-\- bpw L«- § Ä A`n- a p- J o- I - c n- t ¡- ­ n

I-¯p-Å-sX-t¶mÀ¡p-I. Cu `oa-amb F®w

hcpw. C¯cw kml-N-cy-¯n Adn-

bmsX sXc-sª-Sp¸v ]ng¡p-Ib

- m-sW-¦n

enwt^m-ssk-äp-fn H¶p-t]mepw ico-c¯ - nse GsX-¦nepw  e`n-¡p¶ BÚ-bpsS ASn-Øm-\-

tImi-§sf B{I-an-¡m-Xn-cn¡pIbpw aäp sshtZ-inI ¯n Ah Bß- l XysN¿p- I - t bm

tcmKm-Wp-tIm-i§ - sf am{Xw B{I-an-¡p-Ibpw sImÃ-s¸-Sp-Itbm sN¿p-¶p. GsX-¦nepw

sN¿-Ws- a-¦n F´p-am{Xw A¨-S¡ - hpw \nb-a§ - fpw Ch icoctImiw Snþ-tIm-i§

- sf t\cn-Sp-Ib
- m-

]men-t¡-­n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p-sh¶v Btem-Nn-¨p-t\m-¡q.
sW-¦n Snþ-tIm-i§
- Ä kzbw {]hÀ¯-

\-c-ln-X-am-hp-I-bmWv sN¿p-¶-Xv. C{]-

Imcw Xs¶ \in-¸n-¡-s¸-tS-­m-¯Xpw

F{X-Xs¶ kam-\a
- mWv i{Xp-tIm-i- bmsXmcp km[y-X-bp-an-söv C\nbpw
ico-c-¯n\v Bh-iy-ap-Å-Xp-amb Bâ n-
§-fpw AI-¯pÅ an{X-tIm-i-§-f-psa- hni-Zo-Ic
- n-t¡-­ Bh-iy-ap-s­¶v tXm
P³ LS-I-§fp-am-b GsX-¦nepw LS-
¦nepw {]Xn-tcm[ kwhn-[m-\¯
- n\v Ah ¶p-¶n-Ã. t_m[hpw _p²nbpw Bh-iy-
I§-fp-s­-¦n A¯cw kµÀ`-§-fn
IrXyambn Xncn-¨-dn-bm-\pÅ A\n-Xc am-bn-cp¶ C¯cw {]{In-bI
- sf tIhew
epw icocw Bân-t_m-Un-IÄ DZv]
- m-Zn-¸n-
km[m-c-W-amb Ign-hp-I-fp-­v. cà-¯n BI-kvan-IX
- b
- psS hcp-Xn-¡p-Ån-em-¡m
¡p-Itbm Ahsb A{I-an¨v \in-¸n-¡p-
 ImWp¶ lotam-t¥m-_n-s\bpw ]m³ ³ {ian-¡p-¶Xv At§-b-äs¯ h¦-¯-
Itbm sN¿p¶n-Ã. F´p-am{Xw kPo-h-
{In-bmkv {khn-¡p¶ C³kp-ens\bpw hpw bmYmÀY-y-¯nÂ\n¶pÅ Hfn-t¨m-«-
Xbpw Pm{K-Xbpw \nd-ªX
- mWv Cu kq
{]Xn-tcm[ kwhn-[m-\¯
- n\v Xncn¨-dntb- hp-am-Wv.
£vat
- Im-i§
- Ä \S¯p¶ {]hÀ¯-\§
- -
­Xp­v. Npcp-¡-¯n i{XptImi-§-
tImi-§Ä¡v BcmWo {]hÀ¯-\-
sf¶v Nn´n-¨p-t\m-¡q.
fp-ambn Gäp-ap-«p¶ kab¯v a\p-jy-i-
§Ä \S-¯p-¶X
- n-\m-hiy-amb t_m[hpw
co- c - h p- a mbn _Ô- s ¸« Ie- I sfbpw Hcp {Sney-Wn-e-[nIw enw-t^m-ssk-
_p²nbpw Xncn-¨d
- n-bp-¶X
- n-\pÅ Ignhpw
tImi-§tfbpw AI-s¸-Sp-¯-cp-sX¶v äp-I-fmWv ico-c-¯n-\-I-¯p-Å-sX-t¶m
\ÂIn-bXv F¶ tNmZys¯ _p²nbpw
Ahbv¡v IrXy-ambn Adn-bm-sa-¶ÀY-w. À¡p-I. Cu `oa-amb F®w enwt^m-
hnth-Ih
- p-ap-Åh
- À¡v Ah-KW
- n-¡p-hm³
ssk-äp-fn H¶p-t]mepw ico-c-¯nse
{]Xn-tcm[ kwhn-[m\w ico-c¯
- nse Ign-bn-Ã. enwt^m-ssk-äp-I-fpsS {]tXy-
GsX-¦nepw tImi-§sf B{I-an-¡m-Xn-
kz´w tImi-§sf B{I-an-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m- Iambn cq]-IÂ]\ sN¿-s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶
cn¡pIbpw aäp sshtZ-inI tcmKm-Wp-
\pÅ hnZy F§-s\-bmWv ]Tn-¨Xv F¶v LS-\-IÄ ImcWw i{Xp-¡sfbpw an{X-
tIm- i - § sf am{Xw B{I- a n- ¡ p- I bpw
a\-Ên-em-¡p-hm-\mbn Kth-j-IÀ hÀj- §sfbpw Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶-Xn-\pÅ Ch-
sN¿-Ws
- a-¦n F´p-am{Xw A¨-S¡
- hpw
§-tfmfw {inan-¡p-I-bp-­m-bn. ]t£,- bpsS A\n-Xc km[m-c-W-amb {]tXy-I-
\nb-a§
- fpw Ch ]men-t¡-­n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p-
FÃm {ia-§fpw ]cm-Pb
- ¯
- n-emWv Iem- X- I Ä ]Tn- ¨ p- I - g n- ª m F{X- a m{Xw
sh¶v Btem-Nn-¨p-t\m-¡q.
in-¨X
- v. hfsc {][m-\s
- ¸« enwt^m-ssk- Akw_-Ôhpw h¦-¯h
- p-amWv ]cn-Wm-

äp-If
- mb Snþ-tIm-i§
- f
- pw _nþ-tIm-i§
- fpw a-hm-Z-sa¶v a\-Ên-em-Ipw. {`qWw
F´p- s Im­m- W v- a\p- j y- i - c o- c s¯ A½-bpsS KÀ`-]m-{X-¯n-\I
- ¯v hfÀ
AØnaÖ- b ntem Xbm- a - k ntem
B{I-an-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-¶Xv F¶v C\nbpw ¶p-h-cp¶ {`qWw Hcp sshtZ-inI LS-
\nÀa-n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ {]Xntcm[tImi-§Ä
a\p- j y\v a\- Ê n- e m- ¡ m- \ m- b n- « nsöv I-am-WtÃm? ico-c¯
- n-\I
- ¯v apt¼ \ne-
ico-c-¯nse GsX-¦nepw tImi-§sf
Npcp-¡w. hf-sc-¡m-es¯ Kth-jW ]T- hn-epÅ Hcp Ah-bh
- tam LS-Itam AÃ
Adn-bmsX B{I-an-¨p-t]m-bm DS-s\-
\-§Ä¡v tijw a\pjy\v Is­-¯m³ AXv. ]pXp-Xmbn KÀ`-]m-{X-¯n cq]-
¯s¶ Ah sImÃ-s¸-Sp-Itbm {]hÀ
Ignª kln-jW
v ‘
pX F¶ {]Xn-`mkw ’ ¯-\c
- l
- n-Xa
- m-¡s
- ¸-Sp-Itbm sN¿p-¶p. 98- sa-Sp-¯-XmWv {`qWw. sshtZ-inI LS-

a\pjy \ne-\n¸nsâ H¶mw -Xo-b-Xn I-§-sf¶v a\-Ên-em-¡p-t¼mÄ bp²w

þse temI-I¸v ^pSvt_mÄ aÕ-c¯
- nÂ
Xs¶ \ne-\n-¶n-cp-¶p-sh-¶X
- mWv bmYm Bcw- ` n- ¡ p¶ {]Xn- t cm[ khn- [ m\w
sImf-¼n-b-bpsS FkvtIm-_mÀ F¶
ÀY-yw. AÃm-bn-cp-s¶-¦n ico-c-¯nse {`qW hfÀ¨-bpsS BZy-L«
- ¯
- n Xs¶
Ifn-¡m-c³ skÂ^v tKmf-Sn-¨-t¸mÄ
tImi-§Ä ‘kln-jW
v pX’bpsS A`mhw
sImÃ-s¸-«Xv HmÀ¡p-I-bm-Wn-hn-sS. ka-ca
- m-cw-`n-¡p-¶p. C¯-c¯
- n-epÅ Hcp

ImcWw tcmK-¯n\v hnt[b-am-hp-Ibpw ]pXnb LS-Is¯ hf-cm³ {]Xn-tcm[

s]mcnª t]mcm-«hpw bp²-hp-amWv ^pSv
XpSÀ¶v acWwhcn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXncp- kw hn-[m\w A\p-hZ
- n-¡p-Ib
- n-söv am{X-
t_mÄ. FXnÀ Soansâ t]mÌn-e-ÃmsX
t¶s\. CXv a\p-jysâ \ne-\nÂ- Xs¶ aà \mw CXp-hsc a\-Ên-em-¡nb {]Xn-
kz´w t]mÌn tKmf-Sn-¨m-epÅ Ah-
CÃm-Xm-¡n-bn-«p-­m-Ip-w. tcm[ kwhn-[m-\-¯nsâ \nb-a-{]-Im-cw
Ø-sb-´mWv? ]cm-Pbw Gäp-hm-t§-­n-

]cnWma-hmZw ho­pw ChnsS XIÀ h-cpw. A\p-h-Zn-¡m³ ]mSn-ÃtÃm.- Imcy-§Ä

¶-Sn-bp-I-bm-Wv. hfsc hyXy-kvX-amb C§- s \- s bm- s ¡- b mWv Bth- ­ - s X-

enwt^m-ssk-äp-Isf kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-
LS-I-§Ä X½n Xncn-¨-dn-bm-\pÅ ¦nepw \mw Icp-Xp¶Xpt]m-se-bà kw`-
t¯mfw ]e-t¸m-gmbn C¯cw {]Xn-k-
{]Xntcm [kwhn-[m-\¯
- nsâ Ign-hp-IÄ hn-¡p-¶-Xv. {`qWw hfÀ¶ph-cp-t¼mÄ
Ôn-L-«-§Ä XcWw sNt¿-­-Xp-­v.
Ime-{]-hm-l¯
- n ]cn-Wa
- n-¨p-­m-Im³
Xncn-¨-dn-b-ensâbpw sXc-sª-Sp-¸nsâ ( ti-jw- t]Pv- 48Â- )-
2007 B-K-kv-äv- 46
 JpÀ-B³ hn-h-cn-¡p-¶- N-cn-{Xw--

ip-sF-_-v \-_n-(u)bpw-
P-\X- b- pw-
kzm-en-lv- cn-¡p-¶p-:- - - bncp¶n«pw \n§Ä¡v Ah³ hÀ[-\hv

\ÂInbXv HmÀ¡pIbpw \miImcnIfp

""aZvb³Imcnte¡v AhcpsS ktlm
lnPm-knÂ- kn-dn-bt
- bm-SS
- p-¯- "a-Zb
-v ³'- F- sS ]cyhkm\w F§s\bmbncp ¶psh
Zc\mb ipsF_ns\bpw (Ab¨p).- A
¶- {]-tZ-i-¯m-Wv- ip-sF-_v- \-_n-( u-)- t±lw ]dªp: Fsâ P\§tf, \n§Ä
¶v t\m¡pIbpw sN¿pI''-.

Xm-a-kn-¨n-cp-¶-Xv.- hym-]m-cam-bn-cp-¶p- A-
AÃmlpsh Bcm[n¡pI. \n§Ä¡v ""Rm³ Fs´m¶pambn Ab¡s¸«n
h-cp-sS- {]-[m-\- h-cp-am-\- amÀ-Kw. A-f-hn-
Ah\ÃmsX bmsXmcp ssZhhpanÃ. cn¡p¶pthm AXn \n§fn Hcp hn
epw- Xq-¡-¯n-epw- Ip-d-hp-h-cp-¯n- P-\-§-
\n§Ä¡v \n§fpsS c£nXmhn¦Â `mKw hnizkn¨ncn¡pIbpw, asämcp hn
sf- h-©n-¡-Â- hym-]-m-cn-I-fp-sS- kz-`m-h-
\n¶v hyIvXamb sXfnhv h¶n«p­v.- `mKw hnizkn¡mXncn¡pIbpamsW
am-bn-cp-¶p.- A-Ãm-lp-hn-s\- am-{X-sa- B-
AXn\m \n§Ä Afhpw Xq¡hpw ¦n \ap¡nSbn AÃmlp XoÀ¸pI
cm-[n-¡m-hq- F-¶pw- A-f-hn-epw- Xq-¡-¯n-
XnI¨psImSp¡Ww. P\§Ä¡v- Ahcp Â]n¡p¶Xv hsc \n§Ä £an¨ncn¡p
epw- Ip-d-hp-h-cp-¯cp-sX-¶pw- ip-sF-_v-
sS km[\§fn \n§Ä I½nhcp¯ I. Ah\s{X XoÀ¸pIÂ]n¡p¶hcnÂ
\-_n-(u)- A-hs
- c- D-]t
- Z-in-¨p.- A-hÀ- A-
cpXv. `-qanbn \³ahcp¯nbXn\v ti D¯a³'-'.-
Xv- kzo-I-cn-¨n-Ã-;- am-{X-a-Ã- A-t±-l-s¯-
jw \n§Ä AhnsS \miap­-m¡cpXv.
""At±l¯nsâ P\Xbnse Al
A-hÀ- `o-j-Wn-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-
\n§Ä hnizmknIfmsW¦n AXmWv
¦mcnIfmb {]amWnamÀ ]dªp: ipsF
P-\§
- Ä- A-t±-ls
- ¯- ]n-´p-Sc
- p-¶X
- v- t\-
\n§Ä¡v D¯aw''-.
t_, XoÀ¨bmbpw \ns¶bpw \nsâ
Xm-¡Ä- X-S-bp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cp-¶p.- A-
""`-ojWnbp­-m¡ns¡m­-pw, AÃm IqsSbpÅ hnizmknIsfbpw R§fpsS
hÀ-¡v- A-Ãm-lp- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-Sp-¯n-«p-Å-
lphnsâ amÀK¯n \n¶v AXn hniz \m«n \n¶v ]pd¯m¡pI Xs¶ sN
A-\p-{K-l-§Ä- F-Sp-¯p-Im-«n- A-t±-lw-

A-h-sc- \-·-bn-te-¡v- £-Wn-¨p- t\m-¡n.- kn¨hsc XSªp sIm­-pw AXv (B ¿pw. Asæn \n§Ä R§fpsS amÀ

]-t£,- `o-j-Wn-b-Ãm-sX- \-·-bn-te-¡v- h- amÀKw) h{Iambncn¡m³ B{Kln¨psIm K¯n aS§n hcnI Xs¶ thWw.

cm-\p-Å- a-\-Êv- A-hÀ- Im-Wn-¨n-Ã.- hn-ip- ­-pw \n§Ä ]mXIfnseÃmw Ccn¡pI At±lw ]dªp: R§Ä AXns\ (B

²- JpÀ-B³- B- N-cn-{Xw- C-§-s\- hn-h- bpw AcpXv. \n§Ä F®¯n Ipdhm amÀKs¯) shdp¡p¶hcmsW¦nÂ

2007 B-K-kv-äv- 47
t]mepw (R§Ä aS§Wsat¶m?)''.- hcpsS kvYnXn AhchnsS Xmakn¨nt« ¶hcpsS Iq«¯nemIcpXv. Ir{XnaanÃm

bnÃm¯ t]msebmbn. ipsF_ns\ ¯ Xpemkv sImW-­v- \n§Ä Xq¡pI.

""\n§fpsS amÀK¯n \n¶v AÃm
\ntj[n¨p XÅnbhÀ Xs¶bmbncp¶p P\§Ä¡v AhcpsS km[\§fnÂ
lp R§sf c£s¸Sp¯nbXn\v tijw
\jvS¡mÀ''-. \n§Ä I½nhcp¯cpXv. \miImcnIfm
AXn Xs¶ R §Ä aS§n hcp¶
bns¡m­v- \n§Ä `-qanbn AXn{Iaw
]£w XoÀ¨bmbpw R§Ä AÃmlphn ""A\´cw At±lw Ahcn \n¶v
{]hÀ¯n¡cpXv. \n§sfbpw ]qÀh-Xe
sâ t]cn IÅw sI«n¨abv¡pIbmbn ]n´ncnªv t]mbn. At±lw ]dªp:
apdIsfbpw krjvSn¨hs\ \n§Ä
cn¡pw sN¿p¶Xv. AXn aS§nhcm³ Fsâ P\§tf, XoÀ¨bmbpw Fsâ
kq£n¡pIbpw sN¿pI''.-
R§Ä¡p ]mSnÃm¯XmWv; R§fpsS c£nXmhnsâ ktµ-i§Ä Rm³ \n§

c£nXmhmb AÃmlp Dt±in¡p¶psh Ä¡v F¯n¨pXcnIbpw Rm³ \n§tfm ""AhÀ ]dªp: \o amcWw _m[n¨

¦neÃmsX. R§fpsS c£nXmhnsâ Sv BXvamÀYambn D]tZin¡pIbpw sNbv hcn HcmÄ am{XamIp¶p. \o R§sf

Adnhv FÃmImcys¯bpw DÄsImÅp Xn«p­-v.- A§s\bncns¡ kXy\ntj[n t¸msebpÅ Hcp a\pjy³ am{Xam

¶Xmbncn¡p¶p. AÃmlphnsâ taem Ifmb P\XbpsS t]cn Rm³ F´n Ip¶p. XoÀ¨bmbpw \o hymPhmZnIfnÂ

Wv R§Ä `-ctaÂ]n¨ncn¡p¶Xv. R§ \p ZpxJn¡Ww?''- (7:-85þ93).- s]«h\msW¶mWv R§Ä hnNmcn¡p

fpsS c£nXmth, R§Ä¡pw R§fp ¶Xv. AXpsIm­-v \o kXyhm³amcnÂ

""sF¡¯n (ac¡q«§Ä¡nSbnÂ)
sS P\§Ä¡panSbn \o kXy{]Imcw s]«h\msW¦n BImi¯v \n¶pÅ
Xmakn¨ncp¶hcpw ssZhZqX³amsc
XoÀ¸p­-m¡Wta. \obmWv XoÀ¸p­m IjvW§Ä R§fpsS ta \o hogv
\ntj[n¨pXÅn. AhtcmSv ipsF_v
¡p¶hcn D¯a³''-. ¯pI. At±lw ]dªp; \n§Ä {]hÀ
]dª kµ- À `- w : \n§Ä kq£vaX
¯n¡p¶Xns\ ]än Fsâ c£nXmhv
""At±l¯nsâ P\Xbnse kXy\n ]men¡p¶ntÃ? XoÀ¨bmbpw Rm³
\Ãh®w Adnbp¶h\mIp¶p. A§
tj[nIfmb {]amWnamÀ ]dªp: \n§Ä¡v hnizkvX\mb Hcp ZqX\m
s\ AhÀ At±ls¯ \ntj[n¨pXÅn.
\n§Ä ipsF_ns\ ]n³]äp¶ ]£w Ip¶p. AXn\m \n§Ä AÃmlpsh
AXn\m taL¯W aqSnb Znhk
XoÀ¨bmbpw AXv aqew \n§Ä \jvS kq£n¡pIbpw, Fs¶ A\pkcn¡pI
s¯ in£ Ahsc ]nSnIqSn. XoÀ¨bm
¡mcmbncn¡pw''.- bpw sN¿phn³. CXnsâ t]cn bmsXm
bpw AXv `-b¦camb Hcp Znhks¯
cp {]Xn^ehpw Rm³ \n§tfmSv tNmZn
""At¸mÄ Ahsc `-qI¼w ]nSnIqSn.
in£ Xs¶bmbncp¶p. XoÀ¨bmbpw
¡p¶nÃ. F\n¡pÅ {]Xn^ew temIc
A§s\ t\cw ]peÀ¶t¸mÄ AhÀ
AXn (a\pjyÀ¡v) Hcp ZrjvSm´ap­v.
£nXmhn¦Â \n¶v am{XamIp¶p. \n§
AhcpsS hmkkvYe¯v Iangv¶p
F¶m Ahcn A[nIt]cpw hnizkn
Ä Afhp ]qÀ¯nbm¡nsImSp¡pI.
hoWp InS¡pIbmbncp¶p''-.
¡p¶hcmbnÃ''- (26:-176þ190).-
\n§Ä (P\§Ä¡v) \jvSap­m¡p
""ipsF_ns\ \ntj[n¨p XÅnb

(B-´-cn-I- {]-Xn-tcm-[........- t]Pv- 46Â- \n-¶v- Xp-SÀ-¨-)-

Xs¶ AXn\v Npäpw Hcp {]tXy-I-Xcw AXy-Ûp-X-I-c-amb Cu kwc-£-W- \mw F{X \à \nÀW-b¡mc³! ” (hn.-

Ih Nw \ne-\n¡p-¶p. cà-¯n-epÅ ¯nsâ clkyw ayqt«j-t\m {]IrXn JpÀB³- 77:-20-þ23).-

t]mj-Imw-i§
- Ä BKn-c
- Ww sNbvsX-Sp- \nÀ[-mc
- W
- ¯
- nt\m ]cn-Wm-ah
- m-Z¯
- nsâ
C{X-am{Xw hyà-amb sXfn-hp-IÄ
¡p-I-bm-Wn-Xnsâ [Àa-w. {`qW hfÀ¨- atä-sX¦nepw sa¡m-\n-k-¯nt\m hnh-
h¶p-In-«n-bn«pw Ahn-izkn-¡p-hm³ B{K-
¡m-h-iy-amb t]mj-I-§Ä hen-s¨-Sp- cn-¡pI km[y-a-Ã. BI-kvan-Iamtbm
ln-¡p-¶h
- À ]nim-Nnsâ ImÂ]m-Sp-Is
- f-
¡p¶ Cu IhNw asämcp [Àa-w IqSn bmZr-Ñ-n-I-amtbm C¯cw AÛp-X-§Ä
b-ÃmsX ]n´p-Sc
- p-¶n-Ã. Ah-cpsS PÂ]-
AÛp-X-I-c-amw-hn[w \nÀh-ln-¡p-¶p. D­m-hp-I-bp-an-Ã.
\-IÄ¡m-Is« bmsXmcp sXfnhpw CÃ-
{`qWs¯ \in-¸n-t¨-¡m-hp¶ Bâ-nt
- _m-
IrXy-amb Hcp Bkq-{X-Isâ ]²- Xm-\pw. F¶n«pw hyà-amb Zrãm-´§Ä
Un-If
- n \n¶pw {`qWs¯ kwc-£n-¡p-
Xn-bm-Wn-sX¶v CtX-¡pdn ¨v ]T\w \S- \nc-¯-s¸Sp-t¼mÄ ]pdwXncn-ªp-
¶Xv Cu Ih-N-am-Wv. t]mj-I-h-kvXp-
¯p¶ DÄ¡m-gvNb
- p-Åh
- À¡v t_m[y-am- sIm­v ho­pw XÀ¡-hn-XÀ¡-§-fnÂ
¡sf IS-¯n-hn-Sp¶ Cu IhNw H¸w
Ipw. GÀs¸«p-sIm-­n-cn-¡p-Ib
- m-Wv.
Bâ n-t_m-Un-Isf XS-ªp-sh-¡p-¶p.
krãn-IÀ¯m-hnsâ hm¡p-IÄ Im- temI-c-£n-Xmhv Xs¶ CXv hyà-
Cu {]tXyI IhN-an-Ãm-bn-cp-s¶-¦nÂ
Wp-I-: “\nÊm-c-s¸« Hcp {Zmh-I-¯n am-¡p-¶Xv ImWp-I: “bmsXmcp Adn-hp-
sshtZ- i nI LS- I - § sf ImWp- t ¼m-
\n¶v \n§sf \mw krãn-¨ntÃ? F¶n«v an- Ã msX AÃm- l p- h nsâ Imcy- ¯ nÂ
tg¡pw {]hÀ¯\kÖ-am-¡p¶ Bâ n-
\mw AXns\ \nÝn-X-amb Hc-h[n hsc XÀ¡n-¡pI-bpw [n¡m-cn-bmb GXv ]nim-
t_m-Un-IÄ {]hÀ¯-\-am-cw-`n-¡p-Ibpw
`{Z-amb Hcp kt¦-X-¯n sh¨p. A§ Nn-s\bpw ]n³]-äp-Ibpw sN¿p¶ NneÀ
{`qWs¯ \in-¸n-¡p-hm³ {ian-¡p-Ibpw
s\ \mw (F-Ãmw) \nÀW-bn-¨p. At¸mÄ a\p-jy-cpsS Iq«-¯n-ep-­v ” (hn.-JpÀB³-
sN¿p-am-bn-cp-¶p.
22:-3).-

2007 B-K-kv-äv- 48
 A´n-a-Zq-X-³-
in-lm-_v- sX-m-Sp-]p-g-
{]t_m[nXkaqls¯ GI ssZhm ¯ambn. X\n¡v e`n¡p¶ Znhyshfn]m X¶neÀ]nXamb ZuXy¯ns³d t]

cm[\bnte¡v £Wn¨psIm­pw acWm SpIÄ PohnX¯n ]IÀ¯nb {]hmN cn At±lw BtcmSpw Alw`mhw \Sn

\´c PohnXs¯¡pdn¨v Xm¡oXv I³( e), hnip² JpÀB\ns³d Bib ¨nÃ. At±l¯ns³d hN\§fn ssh

sNbvXpsIm­pw At\Iw {]hmNI·mÀ §Ä¡\pcq]amb Hcp kaqls¯ hmÀ cp[y§tfm am\hnIX ¡\ptbmPyaÃm

temI¯v BKXcmbn«ps­¶mWv Ckv s¯Sp¯p. ¯ hmZ§tfm \ap¡v ImWm\mhnÃ.

emanIm[ym]\w. am\pjIpe¯n\v [À aX¯ns³d Imcy§sfm¶pw At±lw

P\§Ä hnizmk ZrVNn¯cmIphm
am[Àa§Ä hyhtOZn¨psImSp¯ kz´ambn I­p ]nSn¨XÃ. ssZhnI
\mbn ap³ {]hmNI·msc t]mse At±
{]hmNI irwJebnse Ahkm\ I®n shfn]mSpIfpsS shfn¨¯nembncp¶p
lhpw Aam\pjnI ZrjvSm´§Ä {]h
bmWv apl½Zv \_n ( e). JpÀB³ ]d À¯n¨p. temImhkm\whsc bmsXmcp
At±l¯ns³d DZvt_m[\§Ä. JpÀ

bp¶p: B³ ]dbp¶p:
amä¯ncp¯epIfpanÃmsX \ne\nÂ

""apl½Zv \n§fpsS ]pcpj·mcn ¡p¶ hnip² JpÀB³ ssZhnIambn ""At±lw X¶njvS{]Imcw kwkmcn

HcmfpsSbpw ]nXmhmbn«nÃ. ]t£, A At±l¯n\v e`n¨ "apAvPnk¯p'Ifn ¡p¶panÃ. AXv At±l¯n\v- Znhy

t±lw AÃmlphns³d ZqX\pw {]hmNI  (Aam\pjnI ZrjvSm´w) {][m\s¸« ktµiambn \ÂIs¸Sp¶ Hcp DZvt_m

·mcn Ahkm\ s¯ BfpamIp¶p'' XmWv. "JpÀB\ns³d ssZhnIXsb [\w am{XamIp¶p'' (53:3,4).

(33:40). tNmZyw sN¿p¶htcmSv, "X¯peyamsbm

ap³ {]hmNI·mcpsS {]hN\§sf
cp hN\sa¦nepw \n§Ä sIm­phcq''
ap³Ignª ssZhZqX·mscÃmw {] ]qÀ¯oIcn¨psIm­v, temIÀ¡v amÀKZ
F¶ JpÀB\ns³d shÃphnfn C¶pw
tXyI {]tZi§fntet¡m P\kaql Ài\hpambn IS¶ph¶ A´na{]hmN
adp]SnbnÃmsX \ne\n¡p¶p F¶Xv
§fntet¡m am{Xambn \ntbmKnXcm Is\ AwKoIcn¡Wsa¶pw At±l

bncp¶psh¦nÂ, apl½Zv\_n ( e) apgp apl½Zv \_n( e)bpsS {]hmNIXz¯n ¯ns³d NcyIsf A\p[mh\w sN¿
\v Gähpw henb sXfnhmWv.
h³ P\]Z§Ä¡pw amÀKZÀinbmsW Wsa¶pamWv hnip² JpÀBs³d IÂ

¶mWv JpÀB³ ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xv. AÃm Ncn{X¯ns³d IrXyamb shfn¨¯n ]\. AÃmlp ]dbp¶p: ""(\_ntb),

lp ]dbp¶p: emWv At±lw Pohn¨Xv. am\hÀ¡v ]dbpI: a\pjytc, XoÀ¨bmbpw Rm³

]n³]äm\pXIpwhn[w At±l¯ns³d \n§fntes¡ÃmapÅ AÃmlphns³d

""\ns¶ \mw a\pjyÀ¡mIam\w
PohnXNcyIÄ tcJs¸Sp¯s¸«n«p­v. ZqX\mIp¶p. BImi§fpsSbpw `qanbp
kt´mjhmÀ¯ Adnbn¡p¶h\pw Xm
efnXPohnXw \bn¨ncp¶ {]hmNI sSbpw B[n]Xyw GsXmcmÄ¡mtWm
¡oXv \ÂIp¶h\pw Bbns¡m­v X

s¶bmWv Ab¨n«pÅXv. ]t£, a\pjy

³( e) FXncmfnIfm t]mepw {]iwkn Ahs³d (ZqX³). Ah\ÃmsX Hcp

¡s¸Spwhn[w DXvIrjvS kz`mh¯n\v ssZhhpanÃ. Ah³ Pohn¸n¡pIbpw

cn A[nIt]cpw Adnbp¶nÃ'' (34:28).
DSabmbncp¶p. Xs³d P\Xsb kXy acn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. AXn\m \n
Ncn{XImc·mÀ Ccp­bpKw F¶v
ktµi¯nte¡v \bn¡p¶Xn\pth­n §Ä AÃmlphnepw Ahs³d ZqX\n
hntijn¸n¨ ]Xn\mev \qäm­pIÄ¡v
At±lw XpeyXbnÃm¯ XymK§Ä k epw hnizkn¡phn³. AsX, AÃmlphn
ap¼pÅ Atd_ybnte¡mWv apl½Zv
ln¨p. AKXnIsf klmbn¡pIbpw epw Ahs³d hN\§fnepw hnizkn¡p
\_n( e)bpsS \ntbmKap­mbXv. Ccp
A{Ian¡s¸«hÀ¡pth­n i_vZn¡pI ¶ A£cPvRm\anÃm¯ B {]hmNI
]¯naq¶v hÀjs¯ lrkzamb PohnX
bpw sNbvXp. apl½Zv( e) ]Tn¸n¨ Imcy \nÂ. At±ls¯ \n§Ä ]n³]äphn³.
Imebfhn aZy¯ns³dbpw hy`nNmc
§fntesX¦nepw At±l¯ns³d Pohn \n§Ä¡v t\ÀamÀKw {]m]n¡mw'' (7:158).
¯ns³dbpw aäp A[mÀanI {]hr¯nI
X¯n ]IÀ¯mXncp¶Xmbn \ap¡v
GI\mb AÃmlphns\ am{Xw
fpsSbpw ]cym bambncp¶ Atd_y³
ImWm\mhnÃ. XoÀ¯pw amXrImtbm
Bcm[n¡pIbpw acWm\´c PohnX
P\XXnsb Ncn{X¯n Xpe\w sN¿m
Kyambncp¶p At±l¯ns³d PohnXw.
¯n hnizkn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶tXmsSm
\mhm¯ DÂIrjvS kwkvImc¯ns³d

hmlIcm¡n At±lw DbÀ¯n. apl½

JpÀB³ hyIvXam¡p¶p:
¸w A´y{]hmNI³ apl½Zv \_n( e)
Zv \_n( e)bneqsS ssZh¯nÂ\n¶v Ah ""XoÀ¨bmbpw \n§Ä¡v AÃmlphn bpsS NcyIf\pkcn¨v PohnXw {IaoIcn

s³d ZqX\n D¯aamb amXrIbp­v'' ¡pIbpw sN¿pIsb¶XmWv imizX

Xcn¨ A´na thZ{K\vYwþ hnip² JpÀ
(33:21). c£bv¡pÅ GI amÀKw.
B³þ AhcpsS ]cnhÀ¯\¯n\v \nan

2007 B-K-kv-äv- 49
 A-_q-A-ao³-
ag: A\p-{K-lhpw ZrjvSm-´hpw
" C\n, \n§Ä IpSn¡p¶ shÅs¯¸än \n§Ä Nn´n¨p t\m
¡nbn«pt­-m? \n§fmtWm AXv taL¯n³ \n¶v Cd¡nbXv?
AXÃ, \mamtWm Cd¡nbh³? \mw Dt±in¨ncps¶¦n AXv
\mw ZpÊzmZpÅ D¸pshÅam¡pambncp¶p. F¶ncns¡ \n§Ä
\µ-n ImWn¡m¯sX´mWv?''- þJpÀ-B³- 56:68þ-70

shÅw Pohsâ ASn-Øm\ LS-I- I¯p-¶Xpw asäm-¶ns\ I¯m³ klm- ]Xn-¡p-¶s

- X-¦n A-Xv- Zp-cn-Xa
- m-Wv- hcp-

am-Wv. shÅ-¯nsâ A`m-h¯

- n kky- bn-¡p-¶X
- p-amb c­v aqe-I§
- Ä tNÀ¶n«v ¯p-I.- A´-co-£-¯nse Xm]-\n-esb

e-Xm-Zn-IÄt¡m P´p-Pm-e§
- Ät¡m \ne- AXyp-¶-amb Hcp CÔ-\-aà D­m-b-Xv. \nb-{´n-¨p-sIm­v Hcp "FbÀIqfÀ' t]m

\nÂ]p-­m-hn-Ã. \½psS Cu ASn-Øm- adn¨v Xo sISp-¯m³ ]äp¶ FXnÀ se ag-¯p-Ån-IÄ s]bvXn-d-§p-t¼mgpw

\-mh
- i
- y-¯nsâ Imcy-amb t{kmXÊv ag- kz`m-h-apÅ asäm¶v! AXv Bcv kwhn- AXn-\p- ]n-¶nse A\p-{K-l-Zm-Xm-hmb

bm-Wp-Xm-\pw. AXn-\m ag-bpsS A`m- [m-\n¨p? tIhe bmZr-Ñn- I

- X
- tbm? CtX- AÃm-lp-hns\ hnkva-cn-¨p-sIm­v tIh

h-¯n hcĨbp­m-hp-Ib
- p-w AtXm-S- b-fh
- n B X·m-{X-Isf ka-\z-bn-¸n-¨Xv e bmZr-Ñ-n-I-Xbv¡v kÀh- hn[ "s{IUn

\p-_-Ôn¨v kky-e-Xm-Zn-Ifpw P´p-Pm- {]Ir-Xn-bpsS AÔ-amb GtXm {]hÀ äpw' \ÂIp-¶Xv _p²nbpw bpànbpw

e-§fpw \in-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. IpSn- ¯-\a

- mtWm? AXÃ kÀh-ià
- \pw ]c- AwKo-Ic
- n-¡p-¶X
- mtWm?

¡m\pw Ipfn-¡m\pw aäp-ambn btYjvSw a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw bpàn-Ú\

- p-amb AÃm-
Ckvemansâ ImgvN¸
- m-Sn shÅhpw
\mw shÅ-ap-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p. F¶m lp-hnsâ kwhn-[m-\tam? GXn-s\-bmWv
agbpw al-\mb AÃm-lp-hnsâ al-¯m
Cu sX-fn-\oÀ- \ap¡v BÀ \ÂIp-¶p- icn-bmb _p²nbpw bpànbpw Nn´bpw
b A\p-{K-l¯
- nsâ `mK-am-W.v AXp-sIm
sh¶v \½n ]ecpw Nn´n- ¡ m- d n- à . A\p-Iq-en-¡p-¶Xv?
­v Xs¶ ag-bn-ÃmsX hnj-an-¨-t¸mgpw
AXv- {]Ir-Xn-bpsS tIh-ea
- mb Hcp {]Xn-
Ic-sb-¡mÄ aq¶n-c-«n-tbmfw hcp¶ ag-bpsS B[nIyw sIm­v {]bm-k-s¸-«-
`m-ka
- m-sW-t¶m bmZr-Ñn- I
- X
- b
- mWv AXn-
IS-en D¸v shÅ-am-sW¶v \ap-¡d
- n-bmw. t¸mgpw apl-½Zv \_n(- e)bpw Ahn-Sp
\-v ]n¶nset¶m ]-db
- m³- Al-¦m-cn-IÄ-
]t£, B shÅw \ocm-hn-bmbn ta s¯ A\p-N-c-·mcpw ]cn-lm-c-¯n-\mbn
¡pw kXy-\n-tj-[n-IÄ-¡pw- am{Xta km
t]m«p-t]mbn L\o-`-hn¨v ag-¯p-Ån-I- kÀh-ià
- \
- mb AÃm-lp-hn-t\mSv {]mÀYn
[n¡p-I-bp-Åq.
fmbn Xncn¨p hcp-t¼mÄ Acp-Nn-Is
- fm¶p- ¡
- p-Ib
- mWv sNbvXX
- v.

c­v ssl{U-P³ X·m-{X-Ifpw Hcp an-Ãm¯ ip²-amb shÅw! \mw AXv b

HmIvkn-P³ X·m-{Xbpw IqSnt¨À¶-XmWv
shÅ-sa¶v imkv{Xw- hni-Zo-Ic
- n-¡p-t¼m
Ä Hcn-¡epw B alm A\p-{K-l¯
- nsâ
]n¶n-epÅ kwhn-[m-bI
- s\ \ntj-[n-¡m-
\Ã _p²nbpw hn\-bh-p-apÅ hnizm-kn-
IÄ X-bm-dm-hp-I.- adn¨v B A\p-{Kl
ZmXm-hnsâ ap¶n \{a-in-c-kv-I-cm-hp-I-
bm-Wv- AhÀ sN-¿p-I.- ImcWw kzbw
B A\p-{K-l- Zm-Xm-hn-t\m-SpÅ \µn-
tYjvSw D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-t¼mgpw AXnsâ
bpsS `mK-amWv B A\p-{K-l-¯nsâ
]n¶nse A\p-{Kl Z-mX-mh
- ns\¡-pdn-t¨m
[mÀan-I-hiw DÄs¡-m-­p-sIm­v Ah
À¡phm-t\m, Ahs\ Adn-bp-hmt\m B
s\ -am{Xw Bcm-[n-¡p-I-sb-¶-Xv. shÅ-
ßmÀY-ambn {ian-¡p-¶pt­m F¶-XmWv
¯n\v _p²n-ap-«p-¶-hÀ¡v AXv \ÂIn
JpÀB\nsâ tNmZyw.
klm-bn-¡pI F¶-Xpw, AXnsâ Zpcp-
XpÅn-I-fmbn ag -s]-¿p-t¼mÄ \ap- ]-tbmKw ]mSn-Ã F¶Xpw AXnsâ [mÀ
¡-sXm-cm-izm-ka
- m-W.v F¶m ià-amb an-Ih
- i
- w X
- s
- ¶-bm-Wv.
sFkv I«-If
- m-bn-«mWv AXv `qan-bn-te¡v

2007 B-K-kv-äv- 50

(e)