]p-kv-X-I-w- aq-¶-v / e-¡w- ]-¯v-/ 2007 G-{]nÂ- -/1428 d.

-A-ÆÂ-

C-ke-v mw--
N-cn-{X-hpw- kzo-Im-cyX- b- pw-
9
þkn-\m³-.- sI-

4 hm-b-\-¡m-cp-sS- kw-hm-Zw-
6 Xn-cp-sam-gn-
7 ]-{Xm-[-n-]À-¡v- ]-d-bm-\p-Å-Xv-
19 BkvXnI-Xbpw \mkvXn-I-Xbpw
þPhmZv sI
28 kp-hn-ti-j- {]-hÀ-¯-I-cp-sS- hn-ti-j-§Ä-
þD-kva- m³- ]m-e¡
- m-gn-
34 A-hÄ F-´n-\v- ]p-Xp-h-gn- kzo-I-cn-¨p?-
þ\m-C-a- _n.- tdm-_À-«v-
39 -{]-hm-N-I-·m-cp-sS- {]-t_m-[-ss\-Iyw-
þ-A-_v-ZpÂ- ap-kz-ÆnÀ-
41 kq^n-khpw anÌn-kn-khpw
þap-km-^nÀ-

Internet Edition: http://www.nicheoftruth.org/samvadam

Printed Published and owned by M.Mohammed Akbar. Printed at Screen Offset printers, Cochin-18. Published at Cochin-18.
Editor M.Mohammed Akbar, Niche of Truth, Kalabhavan Road, Cochin-18.

2007 G-{]n-Â- 3
 hm-b-\-¡m-cp-sS-
kw-hm-Zw-

am-Xr-`q-an-bpw- "Np-h-¶- sX-c-p-hv' kv-Ym-]n-¡-Ww- F-¶- v- \nÀ-tZ-

Fw.-K-w-K-m-[-c-\pw- in-¡p-¶p!-- "a-X-¯n-s³-d- th-en-s¡-«p-IÄ'- X-IÀ-
¯v- ]p-d-¯p-Nm-Sp-¶- s]-®p-§-fp-am-bn- hn-ti-j-
s¸-« Iq-Sn-¡m-gv-N- \-S-¯p-¶p!-- _p-²n-bp-sS- `m-c-
-

amÀ-¨v- e-¡w- "kv-t\-l- kw-hm-Zw-'- sI-«n-epw- ¯mÂ- X-e- Ip-\n-ªpt]m-b- a-lm-·m-sc-s¡m-

a«n-epw- ]p-Xp-a- ]p-eÀ-¯p-¶X - m-bn-cp-¶p.- "k-ZmNm-
c-¯n-\v- sIm-e-¡-b-sdm-cp-¡p-¶-hÀ'- F-¶ D-kv-
am³- ]m-e-¡m-gn-bp-sS- te-J-\-hpw- A-\nÂ- {]nw-
tdm-kn-s³-d- "C-hÀ- Aw-t_-Z-vI-sd-bpw- ]q-Wq-e-
Wn-bn-¡p-tam?-'- F-¶- te-J-\-hpw- {]-tXyIw- {i
t²-b-am-bn-cp-¶p.-
"N-¡n-s¡-´v- N-¦c - m-´n'- (- kw-{Im-´n)- F-s¶m
cp- sNm-Ãp-­v- a-e_ - m-dnÂ.- "am-Xr-`q-an-s¡-´v- kZm-
Nm-cw'- F
- ¶ - -v Rm-\X - n-s\- Im-e¯ - n-\\ - p-kc- n-¨-v ]cn-
jv-I-cn-¡-s«.- a-- m-Xr-`q-an- ap-¯-Èn-¡v- h-b-tÊ-sd-bm-
bn-«p-­v.- F-´v- ]-d-b-Ww-,- F-§-s\- ]-d-b-Ww,--
Ft¸mÄ- ]-db - W
- w- F-s¶-m¶ - pw "\n-Èy- Ã- '.- F¶m
Â- ap-¯-Èn- F-s´-¦n-ep-sam-s¡- ]n-dp-]n-dp-¡-s«,-
\m-as - Xm-¶pw- Im-cym-¡­ - - F-¶v- sh-¡m-\pw- h¿.-
{]m-b-¯n-s³-d- X-fÀ-¨- H-«pw- Im-Wn-¡m-sX-b-tÃ-
ap-¯-Èn-bp-sS- "hn-]-Wn-bn-se Ip-Xn-¸v'- Xp-S-cp-¶-
X!-- B- Ip-Xn-¸n-\v- B-¡w- Iq-«p-hm³- Nn-e- sN-¸-
Sn-hn-Zy-IÄ- ap-¯-Èn-bp-sS- I-¿n-ep-­v.- "ap-kv-enw'-
F-¶-Xn-s\- Np-än-¸-än-bp-Å- NÀ-¨-IÄ- A-Xn-sem-
¶m-Wv.- ap-kvenw- ]-Þn-X-·m-sc- ]-s¦-Sp-¸n-¡m-
sX-bpw- Ah--cp-sS hn-tbm-Pn-¸p-IÄ- {]-kn-²o-I-cn-
¡m-sX-bpw- Nn-e- "_p-²n-Po-hn-I-sf'--s¡m-­v- Ckv-
em-an-s\- sIm-ª-\w- Ip-¯n-¡p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv-
kv-Yn-cw- ]-cn-]m-Sn.- - --
"tI-cf- s
- ¯- kmw-kvI - m-cn-Ia- m-bn- D-¶X- n-bn-te-
¡p-bÀ-¯p-I'-- F-¶- "a-l-¯m-b'-- e-£y-hp-am-bn-
ap-t¶m-«p- Ip-Xn-¡p¶- am-Xr-`q-an- Xo-{h-{i-a-§Ä-
X-s¶- A-Xn-\p-th-­n- \-S-¯p-¶p-­v.- A-`n-km-cn-
I-am-cp-am-bn- Iq-Sn-¡m-gv-N-IÄ- \-S-¯p-¶p!-- kv-{Xo-
]o-U-\w- C-Ãm-Xm-¡p-hm³- t_mw-s_- tam-UÂ-
2007 G-{]n-Â-
­v- ]p-Xp-a-bp-Å- te-J-\-§Ä- F-gp-Xn-¡p-¶p!--
tas¼m-Sn-sb-t¶m-Ww- Nn-{X-Im-c-·m-sc-s¡m-­v-
t\m-he - p-IÄ-¡pw- I-YI - Ä-¡pw- "\-ák - X- yw'- hnfn-
t¨m-Xp-¶- Nn-{X-§Ä- h-c-¸n-¡p-¶p!-
{io.- Fw.- Kw-Km-[-c³- Cu-bn-sS-bm-bn- "Jm-e-
Ãm-lp- A-Ê-h-P-Ã'- F-¶p- ]-d-ªv- JpÀ-B³- kq-
à-§fpw- ap-l-½-Zv- \-_n-(e)- ]-d-bp-¶p- F-¶v- ]
d-ªv- l-Zo-Yp-I-fpw- D²-cn-¨p-s-Im-­v am-Xr-`q-an-
bp-sS- t]-Pp-Is - f- "[-\y'-am-¡p-¶-- Xp- Im-Wp-t¼mÄ-
Cu- "B-enw'- G-Xv- i-co-Ax- tIm-tf-PnÂ- \n-¶m-
Wm-thm- _n-cp-Zw- t\-Sn-bs-X¶v- Nn-e-sc-¦n-epw-
Nn´n-¡p-¶p-­m-Ipw.- k-zm-`n-{]m-b¯ - n-\\ - p-kc - n-¨v-
JpÀ-B³- kq-à-§-sf-bpw- {]-hm-N-I- h-N-\-§-
sf-bpw- h-en-¨p-\o-«p-¶X - pw- Np-cp-«n-¡q-«p-¶X - pw- Im-
Wp-t¼mÄ- hn-izm-kn-IÄ-¡-Xp- a-\w-]n-c-«-em-Wp-
­m-¡p-I- F-¶v- A-t±-lw- Xn-cn-¨-d-n-bp-¶n-Ã.-
ap-l½ - Z- v- \-_n-(e)-sb-¡p-dn-¨v- Nn-´n-¡m³- t]m-
epw- I-gn-bm-¯- Im-cyw-;- A-hn-Sp-¶v- I-Wn-i-am-bn-
hn-e-¡n-b- Im-cyw;-- JpÀ-B-\n-Im-i-b-§Ä-¡v- hncp-
²-am-b- Im-cyw- A-t±-lw- sN-bv-Xp-sh-¶pw- a-äpÅ-
hÀ-¡v- A-Xn-\v- A-\p-a-Xn- \Â-In- F-¶pw- h-cp-¯n-
¯oÀ-¡p-hm³- {io.- Kw-Km-[-c³- {i-an-¨-Xv- A-]-e-
]-\o-ba- m-Wv.- H-md- n-bâ-en-kvä- p-If - p-sS-bpw- a-äp- Ckv-
emw- hn-cp-²c - p- s- S-bpw- C-kve- mw- hn-aÀ-i\ - - {K-Ù§-
fnÂ- \n-¶pap-Å- hm-bn-¨-dn-th- A-t±-l-¯n-\p-Åq-
F-¶m-Wn-Xp- hy-à-am-¡p-¶-Xv.--
tI-c-f-¯n-Â- ssew-Kn-I- A-cm-N-I-Xzw-kr-jv-
Sn-¡p-hm³- C-h-scm-s¡- B-{K-ln-¡p-¶-sX-´n-\m-
Wv?- a-\p-jy-s\- sh-dpw- ssew-Kn-I- hn-Im-c- Po-hn-
bm-bn-«tÃ- C-hÀ- Im-Wp-¶X - v?- Ip-Spw-_Ô - § - f - psS-
4
]-hn-{X- ]n-¨n-¨o-´n-bn-«v- C-hÀ-s¡-´p- In-«m-\m-Wv?- B-k-\-§-fn-em-Wv F-¶- Im-cyw- te-J-I³- HmÀ-
""Cu- kmw-kv-I-m-cn-I {]-hÀ-¯-IÀ-- G-sXm-cp- ¯-n-sÃ-¶-v tXm-¶p-¶p.- h-{Pm-k-\w,- i-im-k-\w-
kw-kvI - mc-¯n-te-¡m-Wv- \-s½- \-bn-¡p-¶s - X-¶v- F-¶o- tbm-Km-k-\-§-fn-em-Wv- ap-kv-enw-IÄ- Zn-h-
Nn-´n-¡p-I.- C-¸d- ª - s
- X-Ãmw- {]m-hÀ-¯n-Ia- m¡p- k-hpw- \-a-kv-Im-cw- \nÀ-h-ln-¡p-¶-Xv.- \ -- -a-kv-Im-
¶- hy-àn-IÄ- \n-d-ª- k-aq-l-¯n-s³-d- A-hkv- c¯n-\p- ti-jw- a-\-Ên-\pw- i-co-c-¯n-\pw- H-cp-
Y-sb-´m-bn-cn-¡pw?- A-§s - \-bp-Å- k-aq-l¯ - nÂ- DWÀ-h- v- A-\p-`-h-s¸-Sp-¶-Xp- X-s¶- tbm-Km-k-\-
Ip-Spw_w,- Zm-¼-Xyw,- k-ZmNm-cw- F-¶n-h-bv-¡v- F- §-fp-sS- im-kv-{Xo-b-X- hy-à-am-¡p-¶p.- h-{Pm-k-
´v- {]-kà - n-bm- W- p-­m-bn-cn-¡p- I - ?- km-aq-ly- hni- \-¯nÂ- izm-k-K-Xn {i-²n-¨p-sIm-­v- Ip-d-¨p-t\c-
I-e-\-¯nÂ- C-¶pw- amÀ-Iv-kn-b³- co-Xn-im-kv{X- an-cp-¶mÂ- [ym-\m-h-kv-Y-bm-bn.-
ap]-tb - m-Kn-¡p-¶- sI.- th-Wp- t]m-epw- \-ha- pXem- A-tem-¸-Xn- Nn-In-Õ- {]-tbm-P-\-s¸-Sm-¯-
fn-¯¯ - n-s³-d- Ip-ge - q-¯p-Im-c\ - m-bn- am-dp-¶p- F¶- amdm-tcm-K-§Ä-¡p-h-sc- tUm-Iv-SÀ-amÀ- C-¶v- \nÀ-
Xn-s³-d- sX-fn-hm-Wn-Xv.- Ip-Spw-_¯ - n-sâ-- A-Sn-¯d- tZ-in-¡p-¶-Xv- tbm-K-bm-Wv.- tbm-K- sN-bv-Xv-
bn-f-¡p-I- F-¶-Xv- ap-Xem-fn-¯-¯n-s³-d- e-£y- lrt{Zm-K i-kv{- X-{In-b- H-gn-hm-¡m³- I-gn-ª- ]e-
am-Wv.- Ip-Spw-_-¯nÂ- \n-¶v- h-y-àn-sb- ]dn-s¨- sc-bpw- -- F-\n-¡v- t\-cn-«-dn-bmw.- ]n-cn-tbm-tUm-­n-
Sp-¯m-Â- A-hs - â- `u-Xn-Ih - pw- ssh-Im-cn-Ih - p-amb- kv- F-¶- tam-W-tcm-Kw- tbm-K- Nn-In-Õ- sIm-­v-
B-h-iy-§Ä-¡v- A-h-\v- hym-]m-c-kv-Ym-]-\-§-sf- ]qÀ-W-am-bpw- kp-J-s¸-«- A-\p-`-hw- F-\n-¡p-­v.-
k-ao-]nt¡-­n-h-cpw.- hr-²-k-Z-\-§Ä,- h-y-`n-Nm-c- tbm-Kb - pw- {]m-Wm-bm-ah - pw- [ym-\h - pw- a-äpw- Aim-
im-eI - Ä-,- k-´m-\] - c
- n-]m-e\ - - tI-{µ§Ä- Xp-S§n- kv-{Xo-b-a-Ã.- A-h- ]-co-£-n-¨v- t\m-¡n-b- ti-jw-
b-h-s¡-Ãmw Un-am³-dp- Iq-Spw.- A-§-s\- ap-X-em- hn-aÀ-in-¡p-¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶p- D-Nn-Xw.-
fn-¯w- sIm-gp-¡pw.- ap-X-em-fn-¯-¯n-s³-d- ]m-X- BÄ-ssZ-h- kw-kvI - m-cw- F-XnÀ-¡s - ¸-tS-­Xp-
bnÂ- ap-t¶m-«p- t]m-Ip-¶- hn-Ik - n-X- cm-Py-§f - nse- X- s ¶- b m- W v . - BÄ- s s- Z - h - § Ä- P- \ - § - f p- s S-
"tU-än§v'- k-{¼-Zm-bhpw- D-Zm-c- skIv-kpw- \-½p- AÚ-Xs - b- Nq-jWw- sN-¿p-Ib - m-Wv.- Im-]S- yam-
sS- \m-«n-ep--w- \-S-¸n-em-I-W-sa-¶- v- {io.- Fw.- K-w-Km- Wv- C-h-cp-sS- ap-J-ap-{Z.-
[-c³- B-h-iy-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ- X-§-fp-sS- \m-«nÂ- Ip- te-J-I³- A-ssZz-X- ZÀ-i-\-s¯- _-lp-ssZ-
Spw-_- _-Ô§Ä- X-IÀ-¶p-sIm-­-n-cn-¡p-I-bm- h-ZÀ-i-\-am-bn- sX-än-²-cn-¨-Xm-bn- tXm-¶p-¶p.-
sW-¶- A-¶m-«p-Im-cp-sS- \n-e-h-n-fn- At±-lw- AssZz-X-¯n-\v- -Iq-Sp-XÂ- _-Ôw- G-I-ss-Z-h-hn-
ImWm-sX- t]m-h-p-I-bm-Wv''-.- izm-kt- ¯m-Sm-Wv.- G-Is - s-Zh - ¯ - n-s³-d A-[o-iXz-
"kmw-kI v- m-cn-I'-- tI-cf - s
- ¯- "A-kmw-kI v- m-cnI'- s¯- A-c¡ - n-«p-d¸
- n-¡p-Ib - m-Wv- A-ssZz-X- ZÀ-i\w.-
tI-cf - a- m-¡p-hm³- B-{K-ln-¡p-¶ "kmw-kvI - m- c - nI'- hn-{K-lm-cm-[-\-bpw- _-lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-hpw-
{]-hÀ-¯-I-cp-sS- ap-Jw-aq-Sn-b-Wn-ªp- \-S-¡p-¶- lnµp- a-X-¯nÂ- ]n-¶o-Sp-­m-b- A-]-{`w-i-§-fm
hÀ- te-J-I-s³-d- Cu- hm-¡p-IÄ- c-­p-h-«w- hmbn- Wv. D-]\ - n-j¯ - p-If - pw- `-Kh - Z- vK
- o-Xb - p-sa-Ãmw- bYm
t¡-­-Xp-­v.-- -`m-cy-bp-Å,-- B¬-a-¡-fp-w- s]¬-a- À-Y¯- nÂ- kw-km-cn-¡p-¶X - v- G-Is - s-Zh- s- ¯-¡pdn-
¡-fp-ap-Å- hy-àn-IÄ-¡v- F-§-s\-bm-Wv- C-§- ¨m-Wv.- C-{µ³,- an-{X³,- h-cp-W³,- A-án- Xp-S§ - nb-
s\-sbm-s¡- F-gp-Xn-hn-Sm³- I-gn-bp-¶X - v- F-¶v- a\- A-t\-Iw- t]-cp-I-fnÂ- B-cm-[n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv- GI-
Ên-em-Ip-¶n-Ã.- C-¡q-«-cp-sS- X-\n-\n-dw- ]p-d-¯p- \m-b- ssZ-h-am-s-W-¶v- E-tKz-Zw- ]-d-bp-¶p.- A-\y
Im-«n-b- "kv-t\-l-kw-hm-Z'-¯n-\v- A-`n-\-µ-\-§Ä.- ss-Zh- §
- s - f B-cm- [- n-¡p-¶h - À- AÂ-]_ - p-²n-Ifm-
þ ap-l-½-Zv- C-Jv-_mÂ-,- sN-½m-Sv-
sW-¶v- `-K-h-Zv-Ko-X- ]-d-bp-¶p (7:-23).-
{_-Òw- am-{X-sa- k-Xy-am-bp-Åq- F-¶v- {]-Jym-
*** ]-n-¨- A-ssZz-Xm-Nm-cy³- {io- i-¦-cm-Nm-cy-À-- F-§-
s\- _-lp-ssZh-hn-izm-kn-bm-Ipw?- 2000 hÀj§
BÄ-ssZ-h-§-fpw- tbm-K-bpw- Ä-¡v- ap-¼v- Po-hn-¨- tb-ip-{In-kvX - p-hn-s³-d- D-Zvt- _m-
"kvt- \-l- kw-hm-Zw' s^-{_p-hc - n- e-¡w- I-­p.- [-\-§Ä- t]m-epw- h-f-s¨m-Sn-¡-s¸-«- A-h-kv-Y-
"[ym-\-hpw- k-\ym-k-hpw- B-ßo-b- Im-]-Sy-§-fp',- bn-em-Wv- \-½p-sS- ap-¼n-ep-Å-Xv.- A-t¸mÄ- ]n-s¶-
"BÄ-ssZ-h-§-fpw- B-ßo-b- B-`m-k-§-fpw'- 5000 hÀ-j-§Ä- ]-g-¡-ap-Å- ssl-µ-h- th-Z-§-
F¶o- te-J-\-§Ä hm-bn-¨p.- tbm-K-bpw- [ym-\- fp-sS-bpw- a-äpw- k-v-Yn-Xn- Du-ln-¡m-hp-¶-X-tÃ-
hpw- k-\ym-k-hpw- a-äpw- tI-h-ew- B-ßo-b- Im-]- bpÅq-!-
Sy-§-fm-sW-¶- hm-Z-t¯m-Sv- tbm-Pn-¡m-\m-hn-Ã.- þhn-t\m-Zv-Ip-amÀ- F-S-t¨-cn-
- - - -

apkve- nw-IÄ- \-ak

- vI
- c
- n-¡p-¶X
- v- tbm-Kb - n-se- Nne-
2007 G-{]n-Â- 5
 Xn-cp-sam-gn-
A-_q-ap-^o-Zv-
- sF-ln-I- Po-hn-X¯n-s³-d- £-Wn-I-X-
-

A_q-k-Cu-ZnÂ- Jp-Zv-cn-¿v(- t)- ]-d-bp-¶p:- H-c-n-¡Â- A-Ãm-lp-hn-s³d-

Zq-X³-(e)-- {]-kw-K]
- o-T¯
- nÂ- I-bd- n-bn-cp-¶p.- R-§f- pw A-Xn-s³d- Npäp- _p-Jmcn-,
an-cp-¶p.- A-t¶-cw- A-hn-Sp-¶v- ]-d-ªp-:- ""F-s³-d- Im-e-ti-jw- BÀ-`mS- ap-kve- nw
]qÀ-W-hpw- A-ew-Ir-X-hp-am-b- Po-hn-Xw- \n-§Ä-¡p- ap-¼nÂ- Xp-d-¡s¸-
Sp-¶-Xv- Rm-t\-ä-hpw- `-b-s¸-Sp-¶p''.-

sF-ln-Im-Uw-_-c-§fnÂ- D³-a-¯-
cmb- a-\p-jyÀ- {k-jv-Sm-hp-am-bp-Å- _-Ô-
¯nÂ- \n-¶v- A-I-ep-sa-¶-XnÂ- kw-i-b-
an-Ã.- ]-c-a-am-b- e-£yw- k-¼-¯v- hm-cn-
¡q-«-epw- BÀ-`m-S- Po-hn-Xw- \-bn-¡ep-am-
bn- Im-Wp-¶h - À-¡v- ssZ-hs- ¯-¡p-dn-¨p-Å-
Nn-´- X-s¶- A-tcm-N-I-am-bn-cn-¡pw.- `u-
Xn-I- kp-J-ku-I-cy-§Ä- F-{X- I-­v- hÀ-
[n-¡p-¶p-thm- A{X-I­ - -v ssZ-hN - n-´bnÂ-
\n-¶v- a-\p-jy³- A-I-¶p-t]m-Ipw F-¶À-
Yw-.- A-Xp-sIm-­-m-Wv- ""F-s³-d- Im-e-ti-
jw- BÀ-`m-S- ]qÀ-W-hpw- A-ew-Ir-X-hp-am-
b- Po-hn-Xw- \n-§Ä-¡p- ap-¼nÂ- Xp-d-¡-
s¸-Sp-¶X - -v Rm-t\-äh
- pw- `-bs- ¸-Sp-¶p''- F¶v-
\-_n-Xn-cpta\n-(e)- {]-kX v- m-hn- ¨
- X- v.- - `uXn-
I- kp-Jk - u-Ic- y-§Ä- s- s-Zh - w X-¶- A\p-
{K-la- m-sW-¶p- a-\Ê - n-xem-¡n- \-µn-Im-Wn-
¨v- Po-hn-¡p-hm-³- I-g-n-bp-I- F-¶-Xv- ]-W-
s¯- am-{Xw- kvt\ln-¡p-¶h - À-¡v- I-gnbp-
¶- Im-cy-a-Ã.-
sF-ln-I- Po-hn-X-¯n-s³-d- £-Wn-I-
X-bpw- a-\p-jy-s³-d- \n-Êm-c-X-bpw- a-\-Ên-
em-¡p-¶-hÀ-¡v- `u-Xn-I-X-bp-sS- hÀ-W-i-
_f-n-a-bnÂ- a-b-§n- Po-hn-¡p-hm³- I-gn-bn-
Ã.- sF-ln-I- Po-hn-X¯ - n-\v- a-t\m-lc- a- mb-
Nn-e- D-]-a-IÄ- hn-ip-²- JpÀ-B-\nÂ- Im
Wmw-:-
""\mw- B-Im-i-¯p- \n-¶v- sh-Å-an-d-
¡nbn-«v- A-Xp-aq-ew- a-\p-jyÀ-¡pw- Im-en-
IÄ-¡pw- `-£n-¡m-\p-Å- `q-an-bn-se- kky
2007 G-{]n-Â-
§Ä- C-SI - e - À-¶p- h-fÀ-¶p.- A-§s- \- `qan- ¡w- _m-[n-¡p-¶p.- A-t¸mÄ- AXv- a-ª-
A-Xn-s³d-- A-e-¦m-c-a-Wn-bp-I-bpw- A-Xv- \n-dw- ]q-­Xm-bn- \n-\¡ - p- Im-Wmw.- ]n¶o-
Ag-ImÀ-¶-Xm-Ip-I-bpw- A-h-sbm-s-¡- I- S-Xv- Xp-cp-¼m-bn-t¸m-Ip-¶p.- F-¶mÂ- ]-c-
c-kvY- a- m-¡m³- X-§Ä - ¡ - v I-gn-bp-am-dm-sb- tem-I-¯v- (ZpÀ-hr-¯À-¡v)- I-Tn-\-am-b- in-
¶v- A-Xn-s³-d- D-Sa- k - Y v- À- hn-Nm-cn-¡p-Ib - pw- £-bpw- (k-Zvh - r-¯À-¡v)- A-Ãm-lp-hn-¦Â-
sN-bv-X-t¸m-g-Xm- H-cp- cm-{Xn-tbm- ]-I-tem- \n-¶p-Å- ]m-]t- am-N\ - h- pw- {]o-Xn-bpw- D­v.-
\-½p-sS- IÂ-]\ - - A-Xn-\v- h-s¶ - ¯ - p-Ib - pw- sF-ln-I- Po-hn-Xw- h-©-\-bp-sS- hn-`-h-a-
-X-te- Zn-h-kw- A-h-sbm-¶pw- A-hn-sS- \n- Ãm-sX- a-säm-¶p-a-Ã''- (-57:-20).-
e-\n-¶n-t«-bn-Ãm- ¯ - - a-«nÂ- \m-ah - s- b- D-·q- \-_n-(e)- ]-dª - p-:- ""]-ct- em-Is- ¯- A-
e-\w- sN-¿s- ¸-«- A-hk - vY
- b
- n-em-¡p-Ib - pw- t]-£n-¨v- C-l-tem-I-¯n-s³-d- A-h-kv-Y-
sN-¿p-¶p.- C-Xp-t]m-se- am-{X-am-Ip-¶p- sF- \n-§f - n-sem-cmÄ- kz-´w- ss-Ih - n-cÂ- kap-
ln-I- Po-hn-X-¯n-s³-d- D-]-a.- Nn-´n-¡p¶- {Z-¯nÂ- ap-¡n-sb-Sp-¯X - p- t]m-se-bm-Wv.-
B-fp-IÄ-¡p- th-­n- A-{]-Im-cw- \mw- sXfn- (A-XnÂ- \n-¶v)- A-h³- F-´p-am-bn- a-S§n-
hp-IÄ- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶p''- (10:-24).-
sb-¶v- A-h³- t\m-¡-s«''- (ap-kve-nw).-
""(\-_n-tb) \o- A-hÀ-¡v- sF-ln-I-
B-Uw-_-c- \nÀ-`-c-am-b- Po-hn-X-am-bn-
Pohn-X-¯n-s³-d- D-]-a- hn-h-cn-¨p-sIm-Sp-
cp-¶n-Ã- ap-l-½-Z-v \-_n-(e)-bpw- A-\p-bm-
¡pI:- B-Im-i-¯p- \n-¶v- \mw- sh-Å-an-d-
bn-If - pw- \-bn-¨n-cp-¶X - v.- A-c¸ - «- n-Wn-bn-epw-
¡n.- A-Xp-aq-ew- `q-an-bnÂ- k-ky-§Ä- C-
ap-gp-¸«- n-Wn-bn-ep- w- A-hÀ- \m-fp-IÄ- X-Ån-
S-I-eÀ-¶p- h-fÀ-¶p.- Xm-a-kn-bm-sX- A-Xv-
\o-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.- kp-`n-£-am-bn- Po-hn-
Im-äp-IÄ- ]-d-¯n-¡-fpbp-¶- Xp-cp-¼m-bn-
¡p-¶-hÀ- A-hÀ-¡n-S-bnÂ- hn-c-f-am-bn-cp-
¯oÀ-¶p. (-A-Xp-t]m-se-b-s{X- sF-ln-I-
¶p.- {]-hm-N- ]-Xv-\n-bm-b- B-Ci-(t)- ]d-
Po-hn-Xw).- A-Ãm-lp- G-Xp- Im-cy-¯n-\pw-
I-gn-hp-Å-h-\-m-Ip-¶p''-- (-18:-45).- bp-¶p:- ""\-_n-(e)- C-l-tem-I-hm-kw- sh-
Sn-bp-t¼mÄ- F-s³-d- ]-¡-ep-­m-bn-cp-¶-
""\n-§Ä- A-dn-bp-I-:- C-l-tem-I- Po-hn- ]-e-I-¯-«n-ep-Å- A-Â-]w- _mÀ-en-b-Ãm-
Xw- I-fn-bpw- hn-t\m-Zh - pw- A-e¦ - m-ch- pw- \n
sX- H-cp- - Po-hn-¡p- Xn-¶m-hp-¶- bm-sXm¶pw-
§Ä- ]-c-kv-]-cw- Zp-c-`n-am-\w- \-Sn-¡-epw- F-s³-d- ho-«-n-ep-­m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.- -A-§-s\-
kz-¯p-¡-fn-epw- k-´m-\-§-fn-epw- s]-cp- Ip-sd- Im-ew- Rm-\X - v- `-£n-¨p-sIm-­v- Ign-
¸w- Im-Wn-¡e - pw- am-{X-am-Wþv- H-cp- a-g- t]m-
ªp-Iq-Sn...''- (_pJm-cn,- ap-kv-enw).-
se.- A-Xp-aq-e-ap-­m-b- sN-Sn-IÄ- IÀ-j-
I-sc- B-iN -v c- y-s¸-Sp-¯n.- ]n-¶o-SX - n-\-v DW-
6
]-{Xm-[n-]À-¡v- ]-d-bm-\p-Å-Xv-

ssew-Kn-I- hn-Zym-`ym-k-hpw- C-kv-em-apw-

F-bv-Uv-kv- t_m-[-hÂ-I-c-W-¯n-s³-d- `m-K-sa-¶- \n-e-bnÂ- bq-\n-sk-^v- hn-hn-[-

cm-Py-§-fnÂ- \-S-¸-m-¡n-s¡m-­n-cn-¡p-¶- ssew-Kn-I- hn-Zym-`ym-k- ]-²-Xn- tI-c-f-¯nÂ-
{]m-hÀ-¯n-Ia- m-¡p-¶X - p-am-bn- _-Ôs- ¸-«- NÀ-¨I
- Ä- \-S¶ - p-sIm-­n-cn-¡p-Ib- m-Wn-t¸mÄ.-
tUm.- {]-Im-iv- `S-v-em- ]m¬-sU-bpw- tUm. -c-a¬- Kw-Km-tJ-UvI-dpw tNÀ-s¶-gp-Xn-
bXpw- tPm-k-^v- Xm-b-t¦-cn- sam-gn-am-äw- \-S-¯n-b-Xp-am-b- "Iu-a-m-c-¯n-s³-d- N-{I-hm-f-
§-fnÂ'- F-¶- 169 ]p-d-§-fp-Å- ]p-kv-X-Iw- kv-IqÄ- sse-{_-dn-I-fn-te-¡v- A-b-¨p-sIm-
­m-bn-cp-¶p- kÀ-¡mÀ- h-I- "Iu-am-c- hn-Zym-`ym-k- ]-²-Xn'- (Adolescence Education
Programme- AEP)bp-sS Xp-S-¡w.- A-Xn-\p- ti-jw- sX-c-sª-Sp-¡-s¸-«- C-cp-\q-dv- A-
[ym-]-IÀ-¡mbn- Iu-am-c- hn-Zym-`ym-k- ]-²-Xnbp-sS- {]-tbm-K-hÂ-I-c-W-s¯-¡p-dn-¨-
hÀ-¡p-tjm-¸pw- C¡-gn-ª- \-hw-_À- 13\v- F-kv.kn.-C.-BÀ.-Sn- (State Council of
Education Research and Training) \Â-Ip-I-bp-­m-bn.- {]-kv-Xp-X- ]-cn-io-e-\-¡-f-cn-
bnÂ- sh-¨p- \Â-In-b- ]p-kv-X-I-§-fp-sS- D-Å-S-¡w- ]p-d-¯m-b-tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv- -A-Xp-
am-bn- _-Ô-s¸-« hnaÀi-\-§-fp-­m-hp-I-bpw- XmÂ-¡m-en-I-am-bn- {]-kv-Xp-X- ]-²-Xn-
\-S-¸m-t¡-­-Xn-sÃ-¶v- kÀ¡mÀ- Xo-cpam-\n-¡p-I-bpw- sN-b-vX-Xv.- Cu- cw-K-s¯- hn-Z-Kv-
[-cp-am-bn- th-­{- X- Iq-Sn-bmtemN-\t- bm- NÀ-¨I - t- fm- \-S¯- m-sX-bm-Wv- Cu- ]-²X - n-bp-
sS- B-hn-jvI - c- W
- w- \-S¶
- s- X-¶pw- A-Xn-\mÂ- tI-cf - o-b- kmw-kvI
- m-cn-I- \n-eh
- m-ch- p-am-
bn- s]m-cp-¯-s¸-Sm-¯- ]-cm-aÀ-i§-fpw- \nÀ-tZ-i-§-fpw- ]p-kv-X-I-§-fn-epw- \-nÀ-tZ-in-
¡-s¸-«- {]m-tbm-Kn-I- ]-cn-io-e\ - §
- fnep-ap-­m-bn-sb-¶pw- Nq-­n-¡m-Wn-¨p-sIm-­m-Wv-
]-²-Xn-sb-¡p-dn-¨- hn-aÀ-i-\-§-sf-Ãmw- s]m-´n-h-¶n-«p-Å-Xv.- A-Xp-sIm-­p- X-s¶- C-
Xn-s³-d- D-Å-S-¡-s¯-¸-än- ]p-\x-]-cn-tim[n-¡-p-sa-¶pw-- am-ä-¯n-cp-¯-ep-IÄ- h-cp-¯n-
\-½p-sS- kw-kv-Im-c-¯n-\p ]-än-b- co-Xn-bnÂ- am-{X-sa- ]-²-Xn- \-S-¸m-¡p-I-bp-Åq- F-
¶p-am-Wv- hn-Zym-`ym-k- a-{´n- D-d-¸p- \Â-Inbncn¡p-¶-Xv.-
2007 G-{]n-Â- 7
 Iu-am-c- hn-Zym-`ym-k- ]-²-Xn-sb- aq-¶v- `m-K-§-fm-bm-Wv- Xn-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.- Iu-am-c-
h-fÀ-¨-bpw- A-h-cp-sS- {]-iv-\-§fpw- ]-cn-lm-c-§-fp-am-Wv- H-¶v.- F-bn-Uv-kv- A-S-¡-ap-Å-
si-ew-Kn-I- tcm-K§ - s- f-¡p-dn-¨- hn-Úm-\a- m-Wv- c-­m-at- ¯-Xv.- B-tcm-Ky-Ic- a- m-b- Pohn-
X-¯n-\v- k-lm-bn-¡p-¶- \nÀ-tZ-i-§-f-m-Wv- aq-¶mw- `m-Kw.- k-a-{K-am-b- Cu- Iu-am-c- hn
Zym-`ym-k- ]-²-Xn-bn-eq-sS- hn-ZymÀ-Yn-I-sf- sX-äm-b- ssew-Kn-I- [m-c-W-I-fnÂ- \n-¶pw-
F-bn-Uk v- v- A-S¡ - a- p-Å- ssew-Kn-I- tcm-K§ - f- nÂ- \n-¶pw- c-£s- ¸-Sp-¯m³- I-gn-bpsa¶m-
Wv- ]-²X - n-bp-sS- {]-Nm-cI- À- B-Wb - n-Sp-¶X
- v.- tem-I¯
- v- D-bÀ¶p-s]m-§n- s- ¡m-­n-cn¡p-
¶- F-¨v.- sF.- hn- _m-[n-X-cp-sS- F-®w- \n-b-{´n-¡p-hm-\m-Wv C-¯-c-sam-cp- ]-²-Xn-
tem-I- hym-]I - a- m-bn- \-S¸- m- ¡
- p-¶s- X-¶m-Wv- bq-\n-sk-^n-s³-d- hn-iZ- o-Ic- W- w.- G-jy³-
c-m-Py-§-fn-se- Iu-am-c-¡mÀ-¡v- ssew-Kn-I- ]m-T-§-fpw- kp-c-£-n-X- c-Xn-sb-bpw- Ip-dn-¨v-
]-Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p- ]n-¶n-se- N-Xn-¡p-gn-I-sf-¸-än- bq-\n-sk-^v- {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¨- ''PEER
APPROACH IN ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH EDUCATION; SOME
LESSONS LEARNED'' F-¶ ]-T\
- - dn-t¸mÀ-«v- kq-£av- a- m-bn- A-]{- K-Y\
- ¯
- n-\v- hn-t[bam-
¡n-b-mÂ- a-\-Ên-em-Ipw.- Xm-bv-eân-s\t¸m-se-bpÅ- G-jy³- cm-Py-§-fn-se- sk-Iv-kv-
Sq-dn-k-¯n-s³-d- km-[y-X-I-sf- hÀ-[n-¸n-¡p-I-bpw- kv-Iq-fnÂ- ]-Tn-¡p-¶- Ip-«n-IÄ-¡p-
t]m-epw- "kp-c-£n-X- c-Xn-bm-hmw'- F-¶- k-tµ-iw- ]-IÀ-¶p- \Â-Ip-I-bp-a-Ãm-sX- Cu-
]-²X - n-sIm-­p-­m-bn-«n-sÃ-¶m- W - -v A-\p-`h - §
- Ä- hy-àa- m-¡p-¶X - .v - A-hn-S§ - f - n-sem¶pw-
-F-¨v.- sF.- hn- _m-[n-X-cp-sS- F-®w- Iq-Sp-I-b-Ãm-s-X- Ip-d-ªn-«n-sÃ-¶- bm-YmÀ-Yy-w- bq
\n-sk-^v- aq-Sn-sh-¡p-¶s- X-´n-\m-Wv?- Xm-bve - ânÂ- Iu-am-c- hn-Zym-`ym-k- ]-²X - n- \S¸m-
¡n-b-t¸mÄ -X-s¶- IÀ-Wm-S-I,- a-[y-{]-tZ-iv.- ]-i-vNn-a- _w-KmÄ- F-¶-n-hn-S-§fn-se-
\qtdm-fw- k-v-Iq-fp-I-fnÂ- ]-co-£-WmÀ-Yw- C-Xp- \-S-¸m-¡n-b-Xv- [mÀ-an-I- {]-iv-\-§Ä-
am{X-am-Wv- kr-jv-Sn-¨-sX-¶- h-kv-Xp-X-sb-¡p-dn-¨v- \-½p-sS- k-À-¡mÀ- kv-Ym-]-\-§Ä-
au-\w- ]m-en-¡p-¶-sX-´n-\m-Wv?- A-´À- tZ-io-b sk-Iv-kv- dm-¡-än-s³-d I-gp-I-¡-®v-
]-Xn-¨p-I-gn-ª- tI-c-f-¯n-se- hn-S-cp-¶- ]p-jv-]-§Ä-¡v- "kp-c-£n-X- c-Xn'-sb-¡p-dn-¨v-
"im-k{v- Xo-ba- m-bn'- ]-Tn-¸n-¨p- sIm-Sp-¡p-¶X - n-s³-d- e-£y-sa-s´-¶v- a-\Ê - n-em-¡m³- Gsd-
_p-²n-sbm-¶pw- th-­.- Xm-bv-]p-jv-]-§-sf- cp-Nn-¡p-hm-\m-Wv- A-hn-Sp-s¯- Sq-dn-k¯n-
s³-d- £-W-sa-¶pIq-Sn- A-dn-bp-t¼m-tg- F-{X- h-en-b- KÀ-¯-¯n-te-¡m-Wv- tem-I-
_m¦pw- A-´m-cm-jv{- S- sk-Ivk - v- dm-¡ä- pw- bq-\n-sk-^pw- Iq-Sn- tI-cf - - P-\X- s- b- sIm­p-
t]-m-Ip-¶-sX-¶v- a-\-Ên-em-hq.-
C-kvemw- ssew-Kn-I- hn-Zym-`ym-k¯ - n-s\-Xn-cà - .- sse-wK - n- I
- X
- - ]m-]a- s- Ã-¶pw- CWbp-
am-bp-Å- ssew-Kn-I- tI-fn-IÄ- {]-Xn-^-emÀ-l-amb- ]p-Wy-IÀ-a-am-sW-¶pw- ]-Tn-]n-¨-
aX-am-Wv- C-kv-emw.- Cu- c-w-K-¯v- Ir-Xy-hpw- hy-à-hp-am-b- amÀ-K-ZÀ-i-\w- \Â-Ip-¶-
{]am-W-§-fm-Wv- C-kv-em-an-t³-d-Xv.- hn-ip-²- JpÀ-B-\pw- {]-hm-N-I³- ap-l-½Zv- \-_n-
(e)-bpw- ]-Tn-¸n-¨- ]m-X- ]n-´p-Sc- p-hm-³- k-¶² - a- m-bmÂ- X-s¶- ]qÀ-Wa- m-bpw- kwXr]vXn-
Zm-bI - h- pw- k-¼qÀ-W- kp-c£ - n-Xh - p-am-b- ssew-Kn-I- Po-hn-Xw- km-[y-am-Ipw.- ssewKnI-
X-bp-am-bn- _-Ôs- ¸-«- G-sX-¦n-epw- hn-iZ- mw-i§Ä- C-ke v- m-an-IZ- À-i\ - w- NÀ-¨- sN¿msX-
hn-«n-«n-Ã.- a-sä-Ãm- Im-cy-§-fn-ep-sa-¶- t]m-se- C-¡m-cy-¯n-epw- ap-l-½-Zv- \-_n-(e)-sb-
¡mÄ- ]qÀ-W\ - m-b- H-cp- Kp-cp- ]n-¶o-Sv- tem-I¯ - p-­m-bn-«n-Ã.- ]-t£,- C-kve - mw- ]Tn¸n¨-
ssew-Kn-I- \nÀ-tZ-i-§-sf-¸-än- _-lp-`q-cn-]-£w- bp-h- ap-k-venw-IÄ- X-s¶- A-Ú-cm-
sW-¶-Xm-Wv- hm-kv-X-hw.- C-Xn-¶p- Im-c-Ww- ]-Þn-X-·m-cpw- am-Xm-]n-Xm-¡-fpw- A-h-cp-
sS- I-S-a- \nÀ-h-ln-¡m-¯-Xm-Wv.- Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v- ssew-Kn-I- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- \Â-tI-­-Xv-
aX-]-Þn-X-·m-cpw- am-Xm-]n-Xm-¡-fp-am-Wv.- A-h-cp-am-bn- [mÀ-an-I- _-Ô-ap-Å-hÀ-t¡-
h-gn-sX-äm-sX-bp-Å- [mÀ-an-I- in-£-W-§Ä- \Â-Im-\m-hq.- a-X-\n-c-t]-£-X-bp-sS- `q-an-
I-bnÂ- \n-¶p-sIm-­p-Å- ssew-K-n-I- hn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n-\v- "kp-c-£n-X- c-Xn'-sb-¡p-dn-¨v-
am-{X-sa- ]-d-ªp-sIm-Sp-¡m-\m-hq.- F-¶mÂ- C-kv-em-an-\v- ]-Tn-¸n-¡m-\p-Å-Xv- "A-\p-h-Z
\o-b- c-Xn'-sb-bpw- "A-\-\p-h-Z-\o-b- c-Xn'-sb-bpw- Ip-dn-¨m-Wv.- C-h- X-½n-ep-Å- A-XnÀ-
h-c¼- m-Is- «- Xn-I¨ - pw- a-X]- c- h
- pw- a-X\ - n-ct- ]-£I - ¶- v- a-\Ê
- n-em-¡m³- I-gn-bm-¯X - pamWv.-
A-Xp-sIm-­p-X-s¶- C-kv-em-an-I-am-b- ssew-Kn-I- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- \Â-Im³- a-X-]-Þn-X
·m-cpw- am-Xm-]n-Xm-¡f - pw- k-¶² - a- m-bn-«n-sÃ-¦nÂ- "kp-c£ - n-X- c-Xn'-bp-sS- ]m-T§ - f - mWv-
A-h¶ - v- (A-hÄ-¡pw) ]p-d¯ - p-\n-¶v e-`y-am-hp-I.- h-fs- c- A-]I - S- I- c- a- m-b- ]-X\ - ¯ - nte-
¡m-Wv- A-Xv- \-½p-sS- h-cpw-Xe - a- p-ds- b- sIm-­p-sN-s¶-¯n-¡p-I.- B-ek - yw- sh-Snªv-
\mw- D-WÀ-¶p- {]-hÀ-¯n-t¡-­-Xp-­v.- A-Ãm-lp- A-\p-{K-ln-¡-s«--þ B-ao³.--- -
2007 G-{]n-Â- 8

C-kv-emw--
N-cn-{X-hpw- kzo-Im-cy-X-bpw-
aX-§-fpsS Ncn{Xw kpZoÀL-amb
Hcp-]T- \
- h
- n-jb
- a- m-Wv. Hä-hm-¡n-tem, Hcp
{KÙ¯ntem HXp¡n-¸-d-bm-hp¶ Hcp
Ncn{Xw Hcp aX-¯n-\p-an-Ã. \qäm-­p-I-
fn-eqsS ssIam-dn-h¶ - n-«pÅ Hcp-]äw Adn-
hp-Ifpw A\p-`-h-§fpw AS-§nb Hcp
]pkvX-I-sa¶ \ne-bn Hcp aXs¯
]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶Xv bpàn-]-c-a-Ã. temI
¯v GsXmcp aX-¯n-sâbpw DÅ-S¡w
2007 G-{]n-Â-
AXnsâ Ncn-{X-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«p InS-
¡p-¶-Xn-\mÂ, aX-§-fpsS Ncn-{X-s¯
amän-sh¨v Ah-bpsS Bi-b-§-sfbpw
Nn´m-[m-c-I-sfbpw ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶Xv
imkv{Xo-b-amb ]T\ kao-]-\-hp-a-Ã.
AXp-sIm-­p-Xs¶ GsXmcp aX-s¯-¡p-
dn-¨p-apÅ NÀ¨-If- n Ncn{Xw kp{]-[m\
LS-Ia- m-W.v Cu Ncn-{X-am-Is« aX-¯nsâ
thcp-IÄ At\z-jn-¡p-¶-Xn-epw BhnÀ
9
kn-\m³-.- sI-
`mh ]Ým-¯ew Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶-Xn-epw
aX-¯nsâ ZuXyw \nÀh-ln- ¡ - p-¶X
- nepw
Ah-ew-_n-¡m-hp¶ Hcp LS-I-hp-am-Wv.
aX-Xm-c-Xay ]T-\w aX Ncn-{X-§-fpsS
XmcX-ay-]-T\w IqSn-bm-Wv F¶ ho£
Ww Ah-K-Wn-¡m-hp-¶-X-Ã. aX-§-fpsS
Ncn-{X¯nse sXäpw icnbpw Xmcayw
sNbvXpsIm­v aX-§f - psS {]k-ànbpw
kzoIm-cy-Xbpw Is­-¯p-hm³ Ign-bp-¶-
 arX-a-X-§-sf-¡-p-dn-¨pÅ ]T\w bYmÀY-¯n a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS `qX-Im-e-¯nsâ
Bßobhpw Nn´m-]-c-hp-amb hi-§-sf-bpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb ioe-§-sfbpw
Ipdn¨pÅ Btem-N-\-I-fm-Wv. Ahbv¡v hÀ¯-am-\-Ime kaq-l-¯n-epÅ {]k-àn
XnckvIc
- n-¡s
- ¸-tS-­h
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- Ã
- .

Xm-Wv. Ckveman-s\-¡-p-dn-¨pÅ ]T-\-§- Imcy-¯n aX-§f - psS Ah-Im-ih - m-Z§- Ah-ew-_n-¨n-«p-ÅX - v. F¶m ss{IkvX
fn FÃm -kz-X{´ Nn´-I-cpw \njv] sf kq£vaa- mbn hne-bn-cp-¯p-hm³ C¯ h]£¯v- Cu auen-I-KpWw Xosc-bn-
£ kXym-t\z-jn-I-fpw Ah-ew-_n-¨n-cn- cw ]T-\-§Ä klm-bn-¡p-¶p. Ã. temI-¯nsâ hnhn[ `mK-§f - n ]T-
¡p¶ coXn-I-fn {][m-\-s¸-«Xv Ckv skan-än¡v aX-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« \-]-cy-th-£-W-¯n-\p-th­n Npän-¯n-
emansâ Ncn{Xw hni-Z-ambn ]Tn-¡pI ]T-\-§-fnepw hne-bn-cp-¯-ep-I-fnepw cnªp PohnXw ]mgm-¡nb ss{IkvXh
F¶Xp Xs¶-bm-W.v temI¯p BhnÀ`- {]mIrX aX-§f - p-ambn _Ô-s¸« At\z- anj-Wd- n-am-sc-¡p- d- n¨v kqNn-¸n-¨p-sIm­v
hn¨v a¬a-d-ªp-t]m-b-h-b-pw \ne-\n j-W-§Ä¡v hf-sc-b-[nIw {]m[m\yw Hcp {KÙ-Im-c³ ]d-bp-¶Xv- C{]-Im-c-am-
¡p-¶h - b
- pw \ne-\nÂ]n-\mbn ITn-\a- mbn IÂ]n-¡-s¸«p ImWp-¶p-­v. {InkvXp- Wv:-
]cn-{i-an-¨p-sIm-­n-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-amb aX- aXw AXnsâ BtKmf XmÂ]cy-§-fp- ""kz´w aX-¯nsâ hnizm-ky-X-bn-
§Ä \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. ambn _Ô-s¸«p \nc-h[n hi-§f - n-eqsS epÅ ktµ-l-amWv ss{IkvXh ]Tn-Xm-
a¬a-dª aX-§s- f-¡p-dn-¨pÅ temI-aX - §- s - f¡-pd- n¨v Iqe-¦j - a- mb ]T- ¡-fpsS Xo{h-amb ]T-t\mÂkpI-Xbv¡ - p
]T\§Ä \-§Ä \S-¯n-bn-«p-­v. Ignª \qäm-­p- ]n¶n {]hÀ¯n-¨p-sIm-­n-cp-¶-Xv.
arX-aX - §- s - f-¡p- d- n-¨pÅ ]T\w bYm I- f n- s eÃmw anj- W dn Øm]- \ - § Ä GsXms¡ hnizm-k§ - t- fmSpw BZÀi-§-
ÀY-¯n a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS `qX-Im-e¯ - n temI-¯nsâ hnhn[ `mK-§f - n {]mIr- tfmSpw X§Ä¡v Xo{h-ambn t]mcm-tS-­n-
sâ Bßobhpw Nn´m-]-c-hp-amb hi- X -a-X-§-sf-¡-p-dn¨p \S-¯n-bn-«pÅ ]T- hcpw F¶ At\z-jW - a- mWv kXy-¯nÂ
§-sf-bpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ia- mb ioe-§s - f \-§Ä F®-aä- h - b
- m-Wv. B{^n¡-bn-se- anj-Wdn Kth-jI - À \S-¯n-bX - v. a\pjy
bpw Ipdn-¨pÅ Btem-N\ - I
- f
- m-W.v Ahbv bpw Gjy- b n- s e- b pw bqtdm- ¸ n- s e- X - \nÀa-n-X-§-fmb _lp-hn[ ]²-Xn-I-fn-
¡v hÀ¯-am-\-Ime kaq-l-¯n-epÅ s¶bpw a¬ad-ªp-t]mb aX-§s - fbpw eqsS kz´w aX-¯nsâ KpW-K-W-§Ä
{]k-àn Xnc-kvI-cn-¡-s¸-tS-­-h-b-Ã. kwkvIm-c§ - s - fbpw kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ ]T- am\-hc - m-in-¡p-ap-¶n Ah-Xc - n-¸n-¡p-¶-
hÀ¯-am-\-Ime a\p-jy-k-aq-l-¯nÂ, \-§Ä¡mbn anj-W-dn-Øm-]-\-§Ä Xn-\pÅ I¨-hSX{´-§-fpsS aps¶m-cp-
a¬a-d-ªp-t]mb aX-§-sf-¡-p-dn-¨pÅ sNe-h-gn¨ k¼¯pw a\pjy hn`-h-§ ¡-§-fmWv AhÀ sNbvX-Xv. CXv B[p-
]T-\-§Ä F{]-Im-c-amWv aqey-h-¯m fpw Gsdb[n-Ia- m-Wv. C´y-bpsS {]mNo \nI Ime-L«- ¯ - n Nne h³InS DÂ]m
bn¯o-cp-¶Xv F¶Xv kw_-Ôn¨v {][m- \ kwkvIr-Xn-sb-¸-änbpw Gsd ]T-\- Z-IÀ kz´w It¼m-fs - ¯-¡p- d- n¨v \S-¯p
\-s¸« Bib-§Ä Ch-bmWv: §Ä \S-¯n-bn-«p­v ss{IkvXh anj- ¶ Iqe-¦j - a- mb ]T-\§ - Ät]mse XnI
(1).- ` qX- I m- e - ¯ nsâ Bßo- b hpw W-dn-am-À. ss{IkvXh temI-¯nsâ Cu ¨pw `uXnI kz`m-h-t¯mSp IqSn-b-h-bm
Nn´m-]c - h - p-amb coXn-IÄ Is­-¯phm ]T-t\mÂ-kpI-Xbv-¡p ]n¶n ]e-]e Wv'' .
(1)

³ Ahsb¡-pdn-¨pÅ ]T-\-§Ä k-lm- LS-I-§-fpsS ià-amb kzm[o\w Im

ss{IkvXh ]T-\-§-fpsS thÀXn-cn-
bn-¡p-¶p. Wmw. AtX kabw CkvemwaX -{]-Nm-c-
hnsâ ASn-Øm\ ImcWw ChnsS ]d-
I-cpw aXØm]-\-§fpw AXmXv `qh-n-
(2). h -- nizmkw, BNmcw XpS-§nb Im ªp-Ig- n-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p. Ignª \mep-\q-
`m-K§- f - psS aX-]c - hpw kmw-kvImcn-Ih - p-
cy-§-fn a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS ]cn-Wm-am- äm-­p-I-fn-embn `qtKm-f-¯nsâ hnhn[
amb kz`m-h-§Ä Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶-XnÂ
ß-I-amb ØnXn-K-Xn-IÄ Xncn-¨-dn-bp- `mK-§-fn ]pd-¯n-d-§nb ss{IkvXh
{i²-bq-¶n-s¡-m-­pÅ {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä
hm³ klm-bn-¡p-¶p. aX-]-T-\-þ-Xm-c-X-ay -{K-Ù-§Ä hne-bn-cp-
Xs¶-bmWv \S-¯n-h¶ - n-«p-ÅX - v. ]t£,-
(3).- hÀ¯-am-\- Im-e-L-«-¯n \ne- ¯p-t¼mÄ \mw Is­-¯p¶ Nne Imcy-
{]mIrX aX-§s - f-bpw {]mNo\ hnizm-k-
\n¡p¶ aX-§f - n GsX-Ãm-amWv {]m §Ä C{]-Im-ca- mWv:
§-sfbpw Ipdn-¨pÅ ss{IkvXh - c- p-sSbpw
IrX kwkvIr-Xn-If - p-ambn- ASn-Øm\ _ apkvenwI-fp-sSbpw ]T-\¯ - nsâ coXn-im- (1).- kz´w aX-¯nsâ a\p-jy-\nÀanX
Ôw ]peÀ¯p-¶Xv F¶v- Xncn-¨-dn-bp- kv{X-¯n-epw t{]c-W-I-fn-epw e£y-§- kz`m-hs¯ adn-I-S-¡p-Ibpw AXn-Po-hn-
hm³ klm-bn-¡p-¶p. fnepw ImX-emb ]e `n¶-X-I-fp-ap-­v ¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ hnizm-k-§-sfbpw
(4).- a\pjy Ncn-{X-¯nsâ hyh-Øm- F¶-XmWv hkvXp-X. aX-§s - fbpw Ipdn-¨pÅ BImw-£I - fpw
]n-Xa- mb hni-Ie - \- ¯- nepw hne-bn-cp-¯- Bi-¦I - fpw ss{IkvXh anj-Wd- n-amÀ¡v
Ckvemw AXnsâ ssZhn-I-X-bnepw
enepw {]mIr-X -a-X-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨pÅ th­-{X-bp-­m-bn-cp-¶p.
hnizm-k] - c
- a- mb Hu¶Xy-¯nepw Du¶n-
Adn-hp-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-hp-¶X - m-Wv. \n¡p¶ kao-]-\-§fpw ho£-W-§- (2).- B[-ym-ßn-Ihpw hnizm-k-]-c-hp-
(5).- ssZhnI amÀK-ZÀi-\-¯nsâ fp-amWv FÃm taJ-eb - nepw F¡m-e¯pw amb {]t_m-[\ - ¯
- n-eq-¶n-bpÅ aX-{]-Nm-

2007 G-{]n-Â- 10
 AXm-bXv Hcp Ime¯v k`-IÄ C¶-s¯-t¸mse GI-ssZh hnizmk kw_-Ô-amb
Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-§-fpw hn{K-l-§sf \ymbo-I-cn-¡p¶ hmZ-K-Xn-Ifpw D¶-bn-¨n-cp-¶n-Ã. FÃm
aX-§-fnepw hyàn ssZh-§-fp-­v, hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bn-Ãm¯ aX-§-fn-Ã, GI-ssZh
hnizmkw A{X- I-Wn-i-amb Hcm-i-b-aà F¶n-§-s\-bpÅ \ne-]m-Sp-I-fmWv k`-IÄ
c-W-¯n-\pÅ kml-N-cy-§-fn \n¶v
X{´-]-c-ambn Hgn-ªp-am-dp-I-bpw, aäp
LS-I§ - f - psS klm-bt- ¯msS P\-hn-`m-
K-§-fp-ambn ASp-¡m-\pÅ kµÀ`-§Ä
Bcm-bp-Ibpw sN¿pI F¶Xp ss{Ikv
Xh ]T-\-§-fpsS e£y-ambncp¶p.
(3).- P\-kw-Jym-[n-jvTn-Xhpw cmjv{So-
b-]-c-hp-amb ]cn-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ km[y-
X-IÄ Bcm-bp-¶X - n-\pÅ \o¡-§f - mWv
]e ]T-\-§-fp-sSbpw ad-]n-Sn-¨p-sIm­v
ss{IkvXh anj-W-dn-amÀ \S-¯n-s¡m-
­n-cp-¶X - v.
{InkvXp-a-X-¯nsâ LS-\-bn ]cn-
Wm-a§ - f - psS tcJm-Nn-{X-§Ä \ap¡p Im
Wmw. Cu ]cn-Wm-a-§sfsbÃmw CXc
aX-§-sf-¡-p-dn-¨pÅ ]T-\-§Ä kzm[o-
\n-¡p- I
- bp-­m-bn-«p-­v. ]Xn-\memw \qäm-
­n\p tij-apÅ Ime-bf - h
- n {InkvXp-
a-X-¯nsâ ]cn-Wmaw AXn-th-K-X-bn-em-
bn-cp-¶-Xn\p Imc-Ww, CXc aX-§-sf-
¡-p-dn-¨pÅ k`-I-fpsS Adn-hp-Ifpw ]T-
\-§fpw hnI-kn-¨p-h¶ - X- m-Wv. hkvXp-\n-
jvT-amb ]T-\-§Ä hÀ[n-¡pw-tXmdpw
CXc aX-§-sf-¡qSn ]cn-K-Wn-¨p-sIm-
­pÅ Xncp-¯-ep-IÄ¡v k`-IÄ Hcp-
¡-am-bn-cp-¶p F¶-Xn\p \nc-h[n DZml-
c-W§ - Ä Nq­n-¡m-Wn-¡p-hm³ Ign-bp¶-
Xm-Wv. ]Ým-Xy-Kt- h-jI - \- mb dn¨mÀUv
t{_m{KÀ Fgp-Xp¶p:
""F¡m-e¯pw Ckvemw ss{IkvXh
anj-W-dn-am-cpsS Hcp {][m\ shÃp-hnfn-
bm-bn-cp-¶p. Ipcn-ip-bp-²m-\-´-c-L-«-
¯n ss{IkvXh k`-Ifpw ]ptcm-ln-
X³amcpw Ckveman-s\-¡-p-dn-¨pÅ ]T-\-
§Ä¡v- IqSp-X ]cn-K-W\ \ÂIp-I-
bp-­m-bn. Ckvemansâ Bi-b-§-fp-
sSbpw BZÀi-§-fp-sSbpw ASn-Øm-\-
¯n kzbw Xncp-¯-en-\pÅ km[y-X-
IÄ At\z-jn-¡pI F¶Xp IqSn Cu
]T-\-§Ä¡p ]n¶n-ep-­m-bn-cp-¶p. ap³
hn-[n-Isf ASn-Øm-\-am-¡n-bpÅ ]e
\ncq-]-W-§Ä¡pw ]nÂIme ]T-\-§-fn-
eqsS ASn-Øm-\-]-c-am-b t`Z-K-Xn-IÄ
2007 G-{]n-Â-
]n´pS-À¶p h¶n-cp-¶-Xv.
D­m-bn-¯oÀ¶n-«p-­v. DZm-l-W-¯n-\v,
Hcp {]tXyI L«w-hsc k`-IÄ hnizkn-
¡p-Ibpw {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-
¶Xv apkvenwIÄ apl-½Zv \_nsb
Bcm-[n-¡p-Ibpw ]qPn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p
¶p F¶m-Wv. IAv_ - b - nse Idp-¯i
Hcp hn{K-l-am-sW-¶pw apkvenwIÄ
AXns\ Bcm-[n-¡p-¶p-sh¶pw ]Xn-aq
¶mw \qäm-­nse ss{IkvXh aX-km-ln-
Xy-§-fn ImWmw. k`-I-fpsS ]T\
]²-Xn-I-fn \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶ C¯cw
hnI-e-amb Bi-b-§Ä ]msS CÃm-Xm-
bn-¯o-cp-¶X - n\v ]nÂIm-e] - T - \
- §- Ä Im
cy-amb ]¦p-hl - n-¨n-«p-ÅX - mbn ImWmw.''
Cu hnh-cW - ¯ - n\v Hcp adp-hiw IqSn-
bp-­v. AXm-bXv Hcp Ime¯v k`-IÄ
C¶-s¯-t¸mse GI-ssZh hnizmk
kw_-Ôa- mb Ah-Im-ih - m-Z§ - f - pw hn{K-
l-§sf \ymbo-Ic - n-¡p¶ hmZ-KX
D¶-bn-¨n-cp-¶n-Ã. FÃm aX-§-fnepw
hyàn ssZh-§f - p-­v, hn{K-lm-cm-[\
Ãm¯ aX-§-fn-Ã, GI-ssZh hnizmkw
A{X- I-Wn-i-amb Hcm-i-b-aà F¶n-§-
s\-bpÅ \ne-]m-Sp-If - mWv k`-IÄ ]n´p
S-À¶p h¶n-cp-¶X - v. Ckvemans\ C¯cw
]e-Im-cy-§-fnepw amXr-I-bmbn anj-W-
dn-amÀ Nq­n-¡-m-Wn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-
¶p. F¶m hn{K-lm-cm-[\ - , hyàn-ssZ
h k¦Â]w, _lp-ssZ-hXzw F¶nh
sbm¶pw Ckveman \ne-hn-enà F¶v
kq£vaa- mb AÀY-¯n k`-IÄ ]n¶o
Sp a\-Ên-em-¡n-bX - n\v AXn-tâ-Xmb ^e-
§-fp-­m-bn. A¯cw Imcy-§f - n IWn-
i-amb \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ Ah-ew-_n-¡p-¶n-
sÃ-¦n t]mepw Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-§-fnÂ
XmXzn-I-amb `wKn-hm-¡p-IÄ Ah-ew-_n-
¡p-hm³ k`-IÄ \nÀ_-Ôn-¡-s¸-«p.
hn{K-lm-cm-[\ F¶Xv Hcp tami-s¸«
aX-co-Xn-bmWv F¶ Nn´m-KXn k`-IÄ
`mKn-Ia- mbn AwKo-Ic- n-¡p- I - bpw, F¶mÂ
{]hr- ¯ n- t a- J - e - b n AXn \n¶p
]n´n-cn-bm-Xn-cn-¡m³ D]m-b§ - Ä At\z
jn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp F¶-Xm-WnXn-sâ
11
^ew.
{]mIrX aX-§-fp-ambn {InkvXp-a-X-
¯nsâ Kth-j-IÀ ]peÀ¯nb _Ô
¯nsâ hnhn[ hi-§Ä hni-I-e\w
sN¿-s¸-tS-­X - p-­v. kz´w aX-s¯bpw
- ne hnizmk taJ-eI - s
- fbpw AXn-Po-h\-¯n
sâ kq£vaa- mb Hcp ]mX-bn-eqsS apt¶m-
«p-sIm-­p-t]m-Im-\pÅ anj-W-dn-am-cpsS
B{K-l§ - Ä ià-amb ]T-\] - c - y-th-£-
W-§Ä¡v ]Ým-¯-e-am-bn-¯oÀ¶p.
Bcpw sNs¶-¯m¯ taJ-e-I-fn IS
¶psN¶v , Ipcn- i nsâ Hc- ä w- s Im­v
{]mNo-\-X- ap-änb a®n NnI-ªp-t\m-
(2)
¡m³ anj-W-dn-amÀ \S-¯nb ]cn-{i-a-
§Ä FU-zmÀUvsdbvkÀ Xsâ ""temI-
¯n\p IpdpsI'' F¶ IrXn-bn {]Xn-
]m-Zn-¨n-«p-ÅXv {it²-b-amWv . F (3)
- ¶mÂ
kz´w hnizm-k¯ - nsâ `{Z-Xbv¡ - p sXfn-
- n-Ifpw hp-IÄ At\z-jn-¡p-Ib - m-bn-cp-¶nà ss{I
kvX-hÀ sNbvXpsIm­n-cp-¶Xv F¶Xv-
- b- n- BhÀ¯n¨p ]d- t b­ kXy- a m- W v .
{InkvXpaX-¯n\v a®nepw Ncn-{X-¯nepw
thcp-I-fnà F¶ bmYmÀY-yw k`-IÄ
Xncn-¨d- n-bp-¶p-­v. Hcp {]tXyI Ime-L-
«-¯n\p tijw BhnÀ`-hn-¨, B[n-]-
Xy-hpw km{am-Py-¯-hp-ambn sI«p-]n-W
ª aX-sa¶ \ne-bn {InkvXpaX-
¯nsâ ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ Ncn-{X-]-c-am-Wv.
thcp-I-fn-Ãm¯ aX-¯nsâ thcp-IÄ
tXSn-bpÅ At\z-jW - a- m-bn-cp-¶nà k`m
]cy-th-£I - ³amÀ \S-¯n-bX - v. {InkvXp-
a-X¯- nsâ thcp-IÄ Fhn-sS-sb-Ãm-amWp
ad-ªn-cn-¡p-¶Xv F¶ hnj-b-¯nÂ
Du¶nbpam-bn-cp-¶nà Ah-cpsS ]T-\-
§Ä. F¶m Cu ]cn-an-Xn-bpsS c­p
hi-§Ä {]tXyIw {it²-ba- mWv:-
(1).- {]mIr-X- a-X§ - f - nse kam\ Bi-
b-§sf Nq­n-¡m«n {InkvXp-aXw Ah-
bpsS XpSÀ¨-bmWv F¶p-hsc CS-¡m-
e¯v NneÀ hmZn-¨p-t\m-¡n.
(2).- Ncn-{X-¯n thcp-If - n-Ãm¯ aXw
F¶Xp {InkvXp-aX - ¯- nsâ \ho\ kz`m-
h-s¯bpw \hm-kvXn-Xz-s¯bpw {]Xn-\n-
 apl-½Zv \_n(e)-bpsS PohnXw, {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä, JpÀB\nsâ LS-\bpw Bi-b-§-
fpw, Ckvemansâ BhnÀ`mh ]Ým-¯ew F¶n-h-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸« tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯-ep-
IÄ¡v B-[n-Im-cn-IX
]cm-aÀi-§sf ]c-am-h[n hkvXp-X-I-fn \n¶-I-äp-Ibpw sN¿p¶ ]T-\-§Ä anj-Wdn
[o-Ic- n-¡p-¶p F¶ hmZ-KX - n-If
- p-­m-bn.
Cu c­p hi-§fpw bYmÀY-- ¯n {Inkv
Xp-a-X-¯n\p KpW-I-c-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. aX-
N-cn{X ]T-\-ta-J-e-bn {InkvXp-aXw
A]-l-kn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn-\mWv Cu c­p
hmZ-KX - n-Ifpw Imc-Wa- m-bn-¯oÀ¶-Xv. `- q-
X-Im-e-hp-ambn {InkvXp-a-Xs¯ _Ôn
¸n¡m-\pÅ FÃm -{i-a-§fpw F¡m-e
¯pw B aXs¯ A]-lm-kyX-I-fn-te
¡v \bn-¨n-«p-s­-¦n-epw, taÂ]dª Ah-
Im-ih - m-Z§- Ä ]nÂIme¯p hnth-Ia- X - n-
I-fmb k`-m-N-cn-{X-Im-c³am-cm Xs¶
cq£-ambn tNmZyw sN¿-s¸Sp-Ib - p-­mbn
F¶-XmWv {it²-ba- mb bmYmÀY-yw.
CXn H¶m-as¯ hmZ-K-Xn-bpsS
Xncn-¨-Sn-IÄ Ch-bm-bn-cp-¶p:-
(1).- {InkvXp-aX - ¯
- nse k¦Â]-§Ä
{]mIr-Xa- X - §- f- nÂ\n¶pw ISw-sIm-­h - -
bmWv F¶v ]ecpw Nn´n¨p XpS-§n.
(2).- ]cn-jvIrX aX-§-fpsS t{iWn-
bn \n¡p-hm-\pŠAh-Imiw CtXm
sS {InkvXp-a-X-¯n\p \ntj-[n-¡-s¸-Sp-
I-bm-sW¶p ]ecpw Nn´n¨p XpS-§n.
(3).- {InkvXp, Ipcn-iv, {Iqio-I-cWw
XpS-§nb k¦Â]-§-fn {]mNo\ aX-
§-fp-sS- {]XoI§fpw Bi-b-§fpw {In
kvXp-aXw kzoI-cn-¨n-«p­v F¶v ]ecpw
ià-ambn hmZn¨p XpS§n.-
(4).-- an-{X³, IsdÌv XpS-§nb {Ko¡v,
tdma³ tZh-XI - f- psS Nn-{X-amWv {InkvXp-
hnsâ Nn{X-ambn ]p\-cm-hn-jvI-cn-¡-s¸-
«-sX¶v ]e {InkvXp-aX \ncq-]-Icpw
A`n-{]m-b-s¸-«p.
c­m-as¯ hmZ-K-Xn-bpsS Xncn-¨-Sn-
IÄ Ch-bm-bn-cp-¶p:-
(1).- {InkvXp-aXw Hcp \ho-\ -a-Xam
sW-¦n AXn\v a\p-jy-cm-in-sb-¡p- d- n¨p
sam¯-¯n kwkm-cn-¡m-\pÅ Ah-Im
iw \ntj-[n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.
(2).- Hcp {]tXyI L«-¯n BhnÀ`-
hn-¡p-¶X - n-\m kzm`m-hn-Ia- mbpw {Inkv
2007 G-{]n-Â-
- b
- psS kz`mhw IÂ]n¨p \ÂIp-Ib
- pw, AtXm-sSm¸w A¯cw
kmln-Xy-§-fn IS-¶p-h-cn-I-bp-­m-bn.
Xp-a-X-¯n\v ssZhnI ]cn-thjw Ah-
Im-is - ¸-Sm-\m-\m-hn-Ã.
(3).- a\p-jy-cm-in-sb-¡-p-dn-¨pÅ Ah-
Im-i-hm-Z-§sf Hcp {]tXyI Ime-L-«-
¯nsâ ]cn-K-W-\-IqSn _m[n-¡p¶p;-
AXm-bXv {InkvXp-aXw a\p-jy-cm-insb
Ncn-{X-]-c-ambn hn`m-Ko-I-cn-¡p-¶p.
(4).- ]qÀh-Im-eh - p-ambn Hcp XpSÀ¨bpw
kmay-hp-anà F¶ Ah-Im-ih - mZw AwKo-
I-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ ]gb\nbaw sam¯-¯nÂ
XÅn-¡-f-tb­n hcp-¶p.
(5).- a\pjy\nÀa-n-X-amb Hcp ]²-Xn-
bpsS `mK-ambn {InkvXpaXs¯ ]cn-K-
Wn-¡p-¶X - n\v \ho-\a- X - s
- a¶ Ah-Im-i-
hmZw Gsd klm-bn-¡p-¶p.
Npcp-¡¯ - n ss{IkvXh Kth-jI
hen-sbmcp Bi-b{- ]-Xn-kÔ - n-bn AI-
s¸-Sp-I-bp-­m-bn. `qX-Im-e-¯nsâ ]mc-
¼cyw Ah-Im-is - ¸-Sp-t¼mÄ hÀ¯-am-\-
Im-e-¯nsâ bmYmÀY-y-§fpw ]pXnb
\nÀa-nX - m-ib - §- fpw AXns\ inYn-ea- m-¡p-
¶p. F¶m {]mIr-X-a-X-§-fp-am-bpÅ
_Ôw {]mIr-X-amb Hcm-i-b-¯nsâ
]nXrXzw A\n-hm-cy-am-¡p-¶p-þA - X- m-bXv
{InkvXp-aXw {]mIr-X-amb k¦Â]-¯n
sâ ]pXnb k´-Xn-bmWv F¶p hcp¶p.
\ho-\X - z-¯n Dd-¨p-\n-¶m-tem, a\pjy
hn`m-h\ - m-ti-jn-bpsS _Ô-¯nÂ\n¶p
apt¶m«p \o§n ssZhnI hmZ-¯n Du
¶p-hm\pw Ign-bp-I-bn-Ã. Kpcp-X-c-amb
Cu {]Xn-k-Ôn-Isf adn-I-S-¡p-hm³
B[p-\nI Ime-L-«-¯nepw k`mNcn{X-
Im-c³amÀ¡pw Ncn-{X- Nn-´I - ³amÀ¡pw
km[n-¡p-Ib - p-­m-bn-«nà F¶ bmYmÀYyw
\ne-\n¡p-Ib - m-Wv.
{InkvXp-a-X-¯nsâ thcp-IÄ, {Inkv
Xp-hn\p ap¼pÅ Ime-L-«-¯n At\z-
jn-¡p-¶-Xp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Hcp hyh-
Øm-]nX coXn-imkv{Xw ]n¶oSv k`-IÄ
¡v hnI-kn-¸n-s¨-Sp-t¡­n h¶n-«p-­v.
Cu coXn-im-kv{X-¯nsâ ^e-am-bn-«mWv
]g-b\ - n-ba- s¯ tI{µo-Ic - n-¨p-sIm-­pÅ
12
At\z-j-W-§Ä Bcw`n¨Xv. F¶mÂ
]g- b - \ n- b a¯nsâ- b pw AXn- \ p- a p¼v
sk]väz-Pnân-sâbpw IYm-{I-ao-I-c-W-§
fpw Bi-b] - c- a- mb XmÂ]-cy-§fpw ss{I
kvXh - k- `- I- f- psS Bi-b{- I-ao-Ic- W - §- f
- p-
ambn s]mc-p-¯-s¸-Sp-¶-h-bm-bn-cp-¶nÃ
F¶ hkvXpX Ah-ti-jn-¨p. "{InkvXp-
hn\p ap¼pÅ {InkvXp-a-X-¯nsâ IY
bpw Ncn-{Xhpw'- F¶ {KÙ-sa-gp-Xnb,-
]Xn-s\«mw \qäm-­nse kv]m\njv anj-
Wd-nb - mb sPtdmw AÂ-s_-¡-v hn`m-h\w
sN¿p-¶-Xv, {InkvXp-hn\p ap¼pÅ am\-
h-cm-in-bpsS s]mXp Ncn-{X-¯nsâ kz`m
hw {InkvXp-a-X-¯n\v A\p-Kp-W-am-bn-cp-
¶p F¶m-Wv. AXm-bXv a\p-jy³ Ac-
£n-Xm-hØ - b - n Pohn-¡p-¶ I - m-ea- mWv
- À c£-bpsS {]m[m\yw Gsd ]cn-K-Wn-¡-
s¸-Sp-¶I - mew F¶v At±lw ]d-bp-¶p. (4)
F¶m {InkvXp- Xosc hcm-Xn-cn-¡-p-I
bpw ssZhw Gähpw HSp-hn Hcp-Im-e
¯p a\p-jys\ \ncp-]m-[nIw c£n-¡p-
I-bp-am-bn-cp-¶ntà CXn-s\-¡mÄ sa¨-
s¸« c£m-]-²Xn F¶ tNmZy-¯n\v
sPtdmw AÂs_¡v adp-]Sn \ÂIp-¶n-
Ã. Hcp aX-¯n-sâ-tbm, tIhew Hcm-i-
b-¯n-sâtbm Ncn-{X-sa-¶p- ]-d-bp-¶Xv
AXp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Ime-K-W-\-bpsS
]cn-[n-bn hcnI F¶ kmam-\y-amb
Imcyw {Inkv Xp-a-X-¯n\v Hcp ]qÀh-Im-
e-N-cn{Xw \nÀan-¡m³ Cd-§n-¯n-cn¨
k`m-K-th-j-IÀ Ah-K-Wn-¨-Xm-bn -Im-
Wmw. {InkvXp-a-X-¯nsâ Ncn-{Xs¯
{InkvXp-hn-\p-ap-¼pÅ Ime-hp-ambn _
Ôn-¨p-sIm-­pÅ At\z-j-W-§Ä¡v
Cd-§n-¯n-cn¨ k`mNcn-{X-Im-c³amÀ A
I-s¸-«Xv A_-²-§-fpsS ]e-Xcw c-q]-
ssh-hn-[y-§f - n-eqsSbm-bn-cp-¶p.-
{]mIr-X-a-X-§-sf-¡-p-dn¨v Gä-hp-a[n
Iw ]T-\§ - Ä \S-¯n-bn-«pÅ ss{IkvXh
anj-W-dn Kth-j-IÀ Ah-cpsS ]T-\-§-
fn \n¶v Dcp-¯n-cnª hkvXp-X-Isf
D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯n B[p-\nI {InkvXp-
a-X-¯nsâ Ncn-{Xs¯ F§s\ bpàn-

ImÂ]-\n-I-ambn hymJym-\n-¡p¶p F¶-Xm-Wv. Ckvemap-ambn _Ô-s¸« ]T-\-§-fnepw
hne-bn-cp-¯e
]-c-ambn {Iao-I-cn-¡m-sa¶ At\z-j-§
fpw \S-¯m-Xn-cp-¶n-«n-Ã. {]mIr-Xa- X
- §
- fn
 \n¶pw {InkvXp-aXw thdn«p \n¡p-
¶-Xnsâ Ah-Im-ih - m-Z§
- Ä hfsc ]nÂ
¡me-¯mbn cq]-s¸-Sp-¯s - ¸« Bi-b§ - -
fm-Wv. Chbv¡v k`-I-fp-sS-bpw {InkvXp-
a-X-¯n-sâbpw BhnÀ`m-h-Im-e-hp-ambn
bmsXm-cp-_-Ô-hp-anà F¶p-Å-Xm-Wv
hkvXp-X.
{InkvXym-\n-If
- psS CkvemwaX
Ncn-{X-\nÀamWw
anj-Wdn kmln-Xy-§-fpsS Gähpw
{][m-\-s¸« Hcp ]cn-anXn Ah hkvXp-
X-Isf ImÂ]-\n-I-ambn hymJym-\n-¡p
¶p F¶-Xm-W.v Ckvemap-ambn _Ô-s¸
« ]T-\-§-fnepw hne-bn-cp-¯-ep-I-fnepw
Cu ImÂ]-\n-I -hym-Jym-\-¯nsâ ]cn-
amWw hÀ[n-¨p-Im-Wmw. Ckvemans\
kao-]n-¡p-¶X - n ap³hn[n-If - n-e[- n-jvTn-
X-amb coXnIfpw Aev]s - amcp bmYmÀYy-
t_m-[-t¯m-sS-bpÅ coXn-Ifpw X½n-ep
Å hy-Xymkw anj-Wdn kmln-Xy-§f
hf-sc- th-K¯ - n Xncn-¨d- n-bs
- ¸-Sp-¶p-­v.
Ipcn-ip-bp-²-§Ä¡p ap¼pÅ Ime-b-f-
hn Ckveman-s\-¡-p-dn¨v ss{IkvX-hÀ
sh¨p-]p-eÀ¯n-bn-cp¶p Adn-hp-If - pw- [m-
c-WI - fpw ]n¶o-Sh - À amän-¯n-cp-¯p-Ib
­m-bn. DZm-l-c-W-¯n\v "IAv-_-bnÂ
AÃmlp F¶ tZhsâ hn{Klw sh¨p
]qPn-¡p-¶h - c
- mWv apkvenwIÄ, apl-½Zv-
-\-_n(-e)sb apkvenwIÄ Bcm-[n-¡p-
¶p­v'- XpS-§nb hnIe ho£-W-§Ä
Ipcn-ip-bp-²-§Ä¡p ap¼pÅ Ime-b-f-
hn anj-Wd- n-amÀ [mcm-fa- mbn {]N-cn¸n-
¨n-cp-¶p. Ckveman-s\-¡-p-dn¨v bYm-hn[n
a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ah-kc- § - Ä e`y-aà - mXn-
cp-¶-Xp-sIm-­Ã C§s\ {]N-cn-¸n-¨n-cp-
¶-Xv. adn¨v AXn\p ]n¶n hyàamb
Nne XmÂ]-cy-§Ä D­m-bn-cp-¶p.
(1).- ss{IkvX-hX-bn \ne-\n¡p
¶ hn{K-lm-cm-[\,- hyàn-]qP XpS-§n-
bh Ckveman-ep-ap­v F¶v ss{IkvX-
hsc hniz-kn-¸n-¡p-I.
anj-Wdn kmln-Xy-§f
- psS Gähpw {][m-\s
- ¸« Hcp ]cn-anXn Ah hkvXp-XI
- p-If
- nepw Cu ImÂ]-\n-I h
- ym-Jym-\¯
- nsâ ]cn-amWw hÀ[n-¨p-Im-Wmw.
(2).- Ckveman-s\-bpw Ckvemansâ
Bib LS-\-sbbpw s]mXpkaq-l-¯n
 sXän-²-cn-¸n-¡p-I.-
(3).- Ckvemw hn`m-h\w sN¿p¶ G
I-ssZhhnizmkw ss{IkvX-h-XbnÂ\n
¶v Gsd sa¨-aà F¶p [z\n-¸n-¡pI
XpS-§n-bh A¯cw XmÂ]cy-§f
e-Xm-bn-cp-¶p.
F¶m ]nÂIme¯v C¯cw XmÂ
]-cy-§-fn A[n-jvTn-X-amb {]hÀ¯-\-
§Ä¡p ]I-c-ambn ]pXnb ]²-Xn-IÄ
ss{IkvXh - À Dcp-¯n-cn-s¨-Sp-¯p. hkvXp
\njvT ]T-\§ - f- psS cq]-`m-h§ - f - n Ncn-
{X-]c- a- mb sshIr-X§ - Ä Ah-Xc
I F¶ coXn¡v {]m[m-\y-ap-Å-h-bm-bn-
cp¶p B ]²-Xn-IÄ. apl-½Zv \_n(e)-
bpsS PohnXw, {]hÀ¯-\§ - Ä, JpÀB
\nsâ LS-\bpw Bi-b§ - f - pw, Ckveman
sâ BhnÀ`mh ]Ým-¯ew F¶n-h-bp-
ambn _Ô-s¸« tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯-ep-IÄ¡v
B-[n-Im-cn-I-X-bpsS kz`mhw IÂ]n¨p
- n \ÂIp-Ib - pw, AtXm-sSm¸w A¯cw ]cm-
aÀi-§sf ]c-am-h[n hkvXp-X-I-fnÂ
\n¶-Iä- p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ ]T-\§ - Ä anj-
Wdn kmln-Xy-§-fn IS-¶p-h-cn-I-bp-
­m-bn.
- p- Ckvemansâ auen-Ihpw bYmÀY-hp-
amb Ncn-{X-¯n\p ]Icw ss{IkvX-hÀ
AhÀ¡p tXm¶nb coXn-If - n Ckveman
sâ Ncn{Xw ]p\À\nÀan-¨p. apl-½Zv \
_n(-e)-bpsS "tcmKm-hØ - '- I- s - f-bpw "aXn-
{`-aw, _p²n-]-c-amb {]iv\-§Ä, bp²m-
\p-cm-Kw, kv{XoXÂ]cX'- XpS-§nb km¦
Â]n-IXIsfbpw Nn{XoI-cn-¡p¶ ]pXnb
kz`m-h-¯n-epÅ ]T-\-§Ä ss{IkvX-
hÀ ]pd-¯n-d-¡n. JpÀB--\n-sâ-bpw Xncp-
Zq-X-cp-sSbpw Imcy-¯n ss{IkvX-h-an-
j-Wn-amÀ kzoI-cn¨ hnaÀi\ X{´-§Ä
e£y-an-«Xv Xmsg ]d-bp¶ Imcy-§f
cp¶p:
(1).- apl-½Zv \_n(-e)-bpsS hyànPo
hn-X-¯nsâ ]cn-ip²n Hcp \nebv-¡pw
{]Im-in-¸n-¡-s¸-Sm-Xn-cn-¡p-I.
2007 G-{]n-Â- 13
- sf
(2).- hyànPohn-X-¯nse Hä-s¸«
kw`-h-§sf ]Àh-Xo-I-cn¨p Nn{Xo-I-cn-
¡p-Ibpw Ah-bn-eqsS sXämb Ah-t_m-
[-§Ä ASn-t¨Â¸n¨v At\z-jI - sc hgn-
sX-än-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-I.
(3).- Ckvemw hn`m-h\w sN¿p¶ am
- n Nn Xr-Im-hy-àn-Xz-sa¶ ]Z-hn¡v {]hm-NI - ³
AÀl-\-söv hcp-¯n-¯oÀ¡p-I.
(4).- hnip² JpÀB\nsâ DÂ`-hhpw
AXnsâ Bi-b] - c - a- mb t{kmXÊpw {]m
No\ Bi-b§ - f - mWv F¶p hcp-¯n-¯o
À¡p-I.
(5).- JpÀ-B³ tIs«-gp-Xs¸« Hcp
- n-¸n-¡p {KÙ-tam, Bi-bm-\p-I-c-W-¯nsâ Ad
_n Bhn-jvIm-ctam BsW¶p hcp-
¯pI.
(6).- JpÀ-B-\nsâ Imcy-¯n-epÅ
apkvenw hnizm-k§ - sf A]-lk - n-¡p-I.
(7).- {]hm-NI - sâ BZy-Ime A\pKm
an-I-sf-¡-p-dn-¨v- IÂ]nX IY-IÄ Bhn-
jvIc - n-¡p-I.
]Xn-\memw \qäm-­n kv]m\njv
anj-Wdn {]hÀ¯-I\ - m-bn-cp¶ amÀjÂ
AeIvkv Fgp-Xnb Hcp IrXn-tbm-sS-bmWv
{]hm-N-I-s\-¡-p-dn-¨pÅ cq£hnaÀi-\-
§Ä anj-W-dn-amÀ Bcw-`n-¡p-¶-Xv. \nc-
h[n Ad-_n-{K-Ù§ - f - psS klm-bt- ¯m
sS Xb-m-dm-¡nb IrXn-bm-bn-cp¶p At±-
l-¯n-sâ-Xv. Ad-_n-`m-jb - n Xb-md- m-¡-
s¸« {]hm-NI Ncn{X {KÙ-§sf Ah-
ew-_n¨psIm­pÅ cN\mcoXn bYmÀY-
¯n A¶v ]cn-Nn-Xa- m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. kz´w
\ne-]m-Sp-Isf \ymbo-I-cn-¡p-hm-\mbn
F´pw ]d-bm³ a-Sn-¡m¯ ASª hna
Ài-\-¯nsâ coXn-IÄam{Xw ]cn-Nn-X-am-
bn-cp-¶-hÀ¡n-S-bn-te-¡m-Wv, \nc-h[n
{KÙ-\m-a§ - f - psS klm-bt- ¯m-sS-bpÅ
Hcp {]tXyI IrXn- I-S-¶p-sN-¶-Xv. Hcp
- mbn- {]tXyI coXn-bpsS Bcw-`-am-bn-cp-¶p
AXv. ]nÂIme¯v anj-Wdn kmln-Xy-
þ-Nc
- n-{X-Im-c³amÀ B coXn \ncp-]m-[nIw
]n´p-SÀ¶p. ]Xn-\©mw \qäm-­nÂ
{]hm-NI ]Xv\n-am-sc-¡p- d- n¨v Fgp-Xs - ¸«

imkv{Xw Ah-ew-_n-¡m-hp-¶tXm am\-Z-Þ-am-¡m-hp-¶tXm AÃ. {]tXy-In¨v {InkvXpaX-
{^©p-Ir-Xnbpw Cu kz`m-ht- ¯mSp IqSn-
b-Xm-bn-cp-¶p. lZoY-v {KÙ-§sf D]-
(5)
tbm-Kn¨v {]hm-NI - sâ hyàn-Po-hn-Xs¯
Xmd-Sn¨p ImWn-¡p-I, JpÀ-B³ hmIy-
§Ä D²-cn¨v {]hm-N-Is\ A]-l-kn-
¡pI XpS-§nb coXn-Ifpw Ipcnip bp²m-
\-´c L«-¯n-emWv Bcw-`n-¨-Xv. ]g-b-
Im-e-¯nsâ AÔ-amb \pW-]-d-¨nÂ
coXn-IÄ Is¿m-gn-¨p-sIm­v IqSp-XÂ
hkvXp-\n-jvT-X -tXm-¶n-¡p¶ coXn-IÄ
Ah-ew-_n-¡p-hm³ anj-Wdn Ncn-{X-\nÀ
am-Xm-¡Ä \nÀ_-Ôn-X-cm-bn. Ipcnipbp
²¯n- s ³- d - L«- ¯ nÂ- Ckv e mansâ
Bi-b§ - fpw BZÀi-§f - p- a- mbn ss{Ikv
X-h- tem-I-¯n\v t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡m³ Ign
ª _Ôhpw ]cn-N-bhpw anj-Wdn
\ne-]m-Sp-Isf Ahn-iz-kn-¡p¶ kml-
N-cy-ap-­m-¡n-¯oÀ¯p. km[m-c-W-¡m-
cmb {InkvXym-\n-I-fn ]eÀ¡pw aX-
ta-[m-hn-I-fpsS Ckvemw hnaÀi-\-§Ä
hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-§-f-Ãm-Xm-bn-¯oÀ¶p.
Ckvemans\ {]Xn-Øm-\¯p \nÀ¯p¶
Btcm-]W - § - f
- p-ambn apt¶m«p \o§p-¶-
Xn AÀY- a n- s Ã- ¶ pw, ]Tn- ¨ - d nªp
hnaÀin-¡p¶ ioe-¯n-eqsS am{Xsa
Ckvemans\ Is­-¯p-hm³ Ignbq
F¶pw Xncn-¨d- nª hnaÀi-Ic
_n-{K-Ù-\m-a-§-fpsS klm-b-t¯msS
]pXn-bX - cw "Ckvemw Ncn-{X-§Ä'- Bhn-
jvIc - n-¨X- v. C¯cw Ncn-{X-§Ä¡v {]hm-
NI PohnXw am{X-a-Ã, JpÀB\nsâ
]Ým-¯e Ncn-{X-hpw, BZy-Im-e-apkv
enwI-fpsS hnizmk Pohn-X-hpw, aX-]-c-
amb ]qÀh-Im-e\ - n-e]- m-Sp-If - p-sams¡ Cc-
bm-bn-¯oÀ¶p.
Ckvemw Ncn-{X-t¯m-Spw aX-]-c-amb
]Ým-¯e - t- ¯mSpw ]peÀ¯p¶ bpàn-
`-{Z-amb kao-]-\-§sf \njv{]`-am-¡p-
hm³, AYhm Ckvemansâ X\-Xmb
Ncn-{Xs¯ adn-IS- ¡ - p-hm³ th­n-bmWv
anj-W-dn-amÀ Ah-cp-tS-Xmb coXn-bnÂ
Ckvemw Ncn-{X-cN - \ \S-¯nb-Xv. F¶m
Â, s]mXpkaq-l¯ - n-\p-ap-¶n anj-Wdn
Ncn-{Xhpw Ckvemw Ncn-{Xhpw c­p-co-
Ckvemansâ Ncn{Xw hni-Ie
- \w sN¿p-t¼mÄ aäp aX-§-fpsS Ncn-{X-¯nsâ coXn-
¯nsâ Ncn-{Xw-t]mse A]-lm-ky-X-IÄ \ndª Hcp Ncn-{X-t¯m-SpÅ kao-]\w
Ckvemansâ Imcy-¯n \oXo-I-c-W-aÀln-¡p-¶n-Ã.
Xn-I-fn ]cn-K-Wn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ ØnXn
hntijw h¶p-tN-cp-I-bm-Wp-­m-b-Xv.
Ckvemansâ B[n-Im-cnI Ncn{Xw {Inkv
Xy³ anj-W-dn-amÀ ]d-bp-¶-Xn ]Xn-
bn-cn-¡p¶ A]-IS- § - Ä s]mXpkaqlw
Xncn-¨d- nªp F¶ÀY-w. \qäm-­p-IÄ ZoÀ
Ln¨ anj-Wdn {]hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ {Iqc
hpw Incm-Xh - p-amb X{´-§Ä AhÀ Dt±-
in¨ ^e-{]m-]vXn-bn F¯n-bn-cp-¶p-sh-
¦n temI¯v- Ckveman\p hyà-amb
Hcp kXy-kÔ Ncn{Xw Xs¶ tijn-
¡p-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. A{X-am{Xw hn]p-e-am-
bn-cp¶ B {]hÀ¯-\-§-sfÃmw \njv
^e-hpw \njv{]-`h - p-am-¡n-¯oÀ¡-s¸-«Xv
Ckvemansâ \mY-\mb {kjvSm-hnsâ
Icp-XÂ Xs¶-bmWv F¶p-Im-Wmw. (6)
Ckv-e-m-ansâ Ncn{Xw
1).- a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS Bcw`w apX¡v
Ckvemansâ {]mNo\ Ncn{Xw
Bcw-`n-¡p-¶p-sh¶v thZ-{KÙw
Øm]n-¡p-¶p.
2).- a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS Pohn-X-¯nÂ
{kjvSm-hnsâ CS-s]-S-ep-Isf Ncn-{X
-¯nsâ apJy LS-I-ambn ImWp-¶p.
- mWv Ad-
3).- ]qÀh-Im-e-s¯-¡-p-dn-¨pÅ
JpÀ-B-\nI ]cm-aÀi-§Ä Ncn-{X-aq-ey-
t¯msS ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶p.
4).- a\p-jy-cm-insb a\p-jym-h-Ø-I-fnÂ
Xs¶ Nn{Xo-I-cn-¨p-sIm-­n-cn-¡p-¶p.
5).- {]hm-N-I-Xzw, {]hm-N-I³ F¶n-h-bp
-ambn _Ô-s¸« hni-Zo-I-c-W-§-fnÂ
ZpÀ{K-lX Xosc-bn-Ã.
6).- thZw, hnizmkw F¶n-hsb a\p-
jym-\p-`h - §
- f- psS ASn-Øm-\¯- nÂ
Ncn-{X-tc-Jb - m-¡p-¶p.
7).- hnizmkn kaq-l-¯nsâ kz`m-h-þ
-{]-hÀ¯\ taJ-e-IÄ hni-Z-ambn
tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯s - ¸-«n-«p-­v.
2007 G-{]n-Â- 14
Ckvemansâ Ncn{X {]kàn
Ckvemansâ Ncn{Xw hni-Ie - \w sN
¿p-t¼mÄ aäp aX-§-fpsS Ncn-{X-¯nsâ
coXn-imkv{Xw Ah-ew-_n-¡m-hp-¶tXm
am\-Z-Þ-am-¡m-hp-¶tXm AÃ. {]tXy-
In¨v {InkvXpaX-¯nsâ Ncn-{Xw-t]mse
A]-lm-ky-X-IÄ \ndª Hcp Ncn-{X-
t¯m-SpÅ kao-]\w Ckvemansâ Imcy-
¯n \oXo-Ic - W
- a- Àln-¡p-¶n-Ã. hnizm-
k-§-fp-sS-bpw kmaq-ly-ØnXnhnti-j-
§-fp-sS-bpw aX-]-c-amb LS-\-bp-sSbpw
kz`mh khn-ti-jX - I
- f
- m thdn«p \nÂ
¡p¶ Ckvemansâ Ncn{Xw ss{IkvX-
h-X-bpsS Ncn{Xhpambn F§s\ thdn
«p \n¡p-¶p F¶-Xnsâ {Iao-I-cWw
Xmsg-]-d-bpw- hn-[-¯n-em-Wv:-
ss{IkvXh
- X
- b
- psS Ncn{Xw
1 ).- {InkvXp-hn \n¶p-amWv {InkvXp-
a-X-¯nsâ Ncn{Xw Bcw-`n-¡p-¶Xv
F¶p k`m-N-cn{Xw ]d-bp-¶p.
2).- a\p-jysâ {]b-Xv\-§fpw {]hr-
¯nIfpw am{X-amWv- Ncn-{X-¯nsâ
apJy-`m-K-sa¶p ]d-bp-¶p.
3).- ]g-b-\n-b-a-¯nse ]cm-aÀi-§sf
Ncn-{X-]-c-amb aqey-k-¦Â]-¯nÂ
\n¶v Hgn-hm-¡p-¶p.
4).- {InkvXp-hn-se-¯p-t¼mÄ a\p-jy-cm-
insb ssZh-hp-ambn CS-I-eÀ¯p-¶p.
5).- {InkvXp-hnsâ Pohn-Xs¯ ZpÀ{K-
l-Xbn {]Xn-jvTn¨v Nn{Xo-Ic - n-¡p-¶p.
-
6).- thZw, hnizmkw F¶n-hsb `mh-
\m-[n-jvTnX-ambn- tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.
-a\p-jym-\p-`-h-§Ä XnckvIcn-¡-
s¸-Sp-¶p.
7). C¯cw Hcp tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯Â
Akm-[y-ambn¯ocp-¶p. BZy-\q-äm-
­p-IÄ XnI¨pw Zpcq-l-ambn ØnXn
sN-¿p-¶p.
 JpÀB³ a\p-jy-cm-insb sam¯-¯n I­p-sIm-­pÅ Ncn-{X-Nn-´-I-fmWv Ah-X-cn-¸n-
¡p-¶-Xv. GsX-¦nepw Hcp {]tXyI L«-¯nÂ- B-hnÀ`hn¡p¶ Nne hyàn-I-fnÂ
\n¶pw Ncn-{X-¯n\v BZn-a_
ss{IkvXh Ncn{X kao-]-\-hpw Ckvemansâ Ncn{X kao-]-\hpw thÀXncn-bp-¶Xv
Ckvemansâ Ncn-{X-ho-£-W-¯nsâ
B[n-Im-cnI tcJ JpÀB\m-Wv. JpÀ-
B³ Ncn-{Xs¯ ImWp-¶-Xv a\p-jy-cm-
in-bpsS BZy-I®n apXÂ Bcw-`n-¡p-
¶Xv F¶ \ne-bn-em-Wv. a\pjy krjvSn-
¸n-s\-¡-p-dn-¨pÅ hnh-c-W-¯n ]d-
bp¶ a\p-jys\ JpÀ-B³ ImWp-¶Xv
apkvenw F¶ coXn-bn-em-Wv. BZya\p-
jys\ Xs¶ BZys¯ apkvenw Bbn
ImWp¶ ho£-Ww, aäp aX-§-fp-ambn
Xmc-Xayw sN¿p-t¼mÄ Akm-[m-cW - a- m-
Wv. {InkvXp-aXw BZn-a-a-\p-jys\ B
aX-¯nsâ Ncn-{X-hp-ambn Hcp \nebv¡ - pw
_Ôn-¸n-¡p-¶n-Ã. ]gb\nb-a-¯nse
hnh-c-§-fn t]mepw {InkvXp-a-X-¯n\v
A\y-amb ]cm-aÀi-§f - m-Wh F¶ coXn-
bn-emWv `mj \o§p-¶X - .v {InkvXp-hnsâ
Ime-¯n \n¶p-amWv {InkvXp-aXw
AXnsâ BZy-_nµp Is­-¯p-¶-Xv.
{InkvXp-hn-\pap¼pÅ Imes¯ sI«p-
I-Y-I-fpw a-n¯p-I-fpw \mtSm-Sn-¡-Y-Ifpw
\ndª hnh-c-W-§-fn Xf-¨n-Sp-¶p.
bYmÀY-¯n CXv Aam-\h - n-Ia- mb Hcp
Ncn-{X-ka- o-]\- a- m-Wv. Hcp {]tXyI L«w-
h-sc-bpÅ a\pjy Pohn-X¯ - n\v bmsXm
cp aqeyhpw ImWm¯ hn[-¯n-epÅ \n
cm-Ic- W
- ¯
- nsâ coXn-bm-Wn-Xv.
Ckvemw BZna a\p-jy-\n \n¶m-
cw-`n-¡p¶ Hcp Ncn{X kw£n-]vXX
Im¯p-kq-£n¨p h¶n-«p-­v. BZ-an-\p-ti-
j- a pÅ Ime- s ¯- ¡ - p - d n¨v JpÀ- B ³
\ÂIp¶ hnh-c-W-§Ä Cu Ncn{X
kw£n-]vXX-bpsS `mK-§f - m-Wv. a\p-jy-
cm-insb Ncn-{X-¯nsâ `qX-Im-e-§-fnÂ
A\y-hÂI-cn¨pw Dt]-£n¨pw Is¿m-gn-
¡p¶ kao-]\ - a- Ã JpÀ-B³ kzoI-cn¡p-
¶Xv F¶ÀY-w. temI¯v asämcp aXhpw
C¯-c-¯n Ncn-{X-]-c-amb ]qÀhm-]-c-
_Ôw Im¯p-kq-£n¨p ImWp-¶n-Ã.
Ncn{Xw \nÀa-n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶Xv a\p-jy
sâ _men-ih - r-¯n-If - psS ASn-Øm-\¯ - n-
emWv F¶ ho£-W-¯n\v CkvemanÂ
Øm\-an-Ã. aqey-§-fp-sS-bpw amÀK-ZÀi-
\-§-fp-sSbpw ASn-Øm-\-¯n-epÅ a\p-
2007 G-{]n-Â-
- n-µp-¡Ä Is­-¯p¶ kao-]\w JpÀ-B\
- n-en-Ã.
Cusbm-cp- hkvXp-X-bpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯n-em-Wv.
jy-cm-in-bpsS tk-mt±iy {]hÀ¯-\-§-
fn-eqsS Dcp-¯n-cn-bp-¶-XmWv Ncn-{Xw.
A¯cw {]hÀ¯-\§ - f - n {kjvSm-hnsâ
kao-]\ - s - a´v F¶-Xp-IqSn Ckvemansâ
Ncn-{X-t_m-[¯ - n ]cn-KW - n-¡s - ¸-Sp-¶p-
­v. a\p-jys\ `qX-e-¯n kzX-{´-
\m¡n Dt]-£n-¡p-Ib - Ã, kzmX-{´y-¯n
\v AÀYhpw km[y-X-Ifpw \nÀtZin-¡p-
I-bmWv JpÀ-B³ sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
F¶m {InkvXp-aX - ¯- nsâ Imcy-¯nÂ
t\sc-ad- n-¨m-Wv. \ncÀY-I§ - f- mb a\pjy
{]hÀ¯-\-§-fpsS {]mNo\ IY-I-fnÂ
\n¶pw {InkvXp-aXw Nne hnIr-X-amb
Bi-b§ - Ä Is­-¯p-Ibpw auen-Ia- mb
Ncn-{X-hk - vXp-XI - sf X-ak - vIc - n-¡p-Ibpw
sN¿p¶p F¶-XmWv- {InkvXp-aX - ¯- nsâ
{]iv\hpw ]cn-an-Xnbpw.- sam¯w- am\-h-
cm-in-bpsS Ncn-{Xs¯ kao-]n-¡p-¶X - n\v
JpÀ-B³ Hcp hyà-amb amÀK-ZÀi\w
apt¶m-«p-sh¡p¶p­v. AXv Nne aqey-
§-fpw Bi-b-§-fpw X¯-zm-[n-jvTnX
\nem-Sp-Ifpw Hs¡-bmbn _Ô-s¸-«-Xm-
Wv. a\p-jy-N-cn-{X-s¯-¡-p-dn-¨pÅ JpÀ
B\nI ho£-W§ - Ä Du¶p-¶Xv Xmsg-
]-db- p¶ LS-I§ - f - n-em-Wv:-
(1).- a\p-jy³ ssZh-¯nsâ \nb-{´-
W-¯n\p hnt[-b\m-b- kr-jv-Sn-bm-Wv.-
(2).- a\p-jysâ IÀa-§Ä¡v {kjvSm-
hnsâ imizX \nb-a-§-sfbpw {]IrXn
bn {kjvSmhv Hcp-¡nb kwhn-[m-\-§-
sfbpw adn-I-S-¡p-hm³ Hcp Ime¯pw
Ign-bn-Ã.
(3).- a\p-jysâ {]hÀ¯-\§ - Ä {]Ir-
Xn-¡\ - p-kr-Xa- m-¡p-t¼mÄ a\pjyPohn-X-
¯n \·-I-fpw, {]Ir-Xn¡v \nc-¡m-¯-
h-bm-Ip-t¼mÄ Xn·-Ifpw D­m-Ip-¶p.
(4).- {]Ir-Xn-¡-\p-Iq-e-hpw {]Xn-Iq-e-
hp-am-Ip-¶Xv {kjvSm-hn-sâ- kwhn[m\-
¯n-\-\p-k-cn-¨m-Wv. adn¨v,- {]IrXn kzX-
{´-amb Hcp LS-\-b-Ã.
(5).- a\p-jy\v Ahsâ tijn-I-fp-sS
ASn-Øm-\-¯n {]Ir-Xnsb AX-n-hÀ
¯n-¡m³ Hcp Ime¯pw Ign-bn-Ã. Imc-
15
Ww, {]IrXn A\p-k-cn-¡p-¶Xv a\p-jy-
s\bpw a\p-jy-Nn-´I - s- f-bp-aà - ;- {kjvSm-
hn-s\bpw {kjvSm-hnsâ Xocp-am-\-§-sf-
bp-am-Wv.
taÂ]-dª Imcy-§f - psS ASn-Øm-
\-¯n-emWv Ckvemansâ Ncn-{X-t_m[w
\ne-\n¡p¶-Xv. JpÀB³ a\p-jy-cm-
insb sam¯-¯n I­p-sIm-­pÅ
Ncn-{X-Nn-´-I-fmWv Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv.
GsX-¦nepw Hcp {]tXyI L«-¯nÂ- B-
hnÀ`hn¡p¶ Nne hyàn-If - n \n¶pw
Ncn-{X-¯n\v BZn-a-_n-µp-¡Ä Is­-
¯p¶ kao-]\w JpÀ-B\ - n-en-Ã. ss{Ikv
Xh Ncn{X kao-]-\-hpw Ckvemansâ
Ncn{X kao-]\ - hpw thÀXncn-bp-¶Xv Cu
sbm-cp- h-kvXp-Xb - psS ASn-Øm-\¯ - n-em-
Wv. {InkvXp-hn\p ap¼pÅ a\p-jy-cm-in
sb ss{IkvX-hX Ncn-{X-¯nsâ LS-I-
ambn F®p-¶nà F¶-Xn\v sXfnhv ss{I
kvXh k¦-e] v § - ÄXs¶bmWp \ÂIp-
¶-Xv. ssZhhpw a\p-jy-\pw,- {kjvSmhpw
krjvSnbpw X½n-epÅ hn\n-a-b-¯n\v
bpàn-`-{Z-a-Ãm¯ Ime-K-W-\bpw am\-Z-
Þ-§fpw Ah-ew-_n-¡p-¶X - n-eqsS ss{I
kvXhX am\-hc - m-in-bp-ambn {]Xn-hÀ¯n-
¡p-Ibpw a\p-jym-h-t_m-[-§-fp-sSbpw
{]mNo-\ -\m-K-cn-I-X-I-fp-sSbpw A\p-`-h-
§-fp-sSbpw aqey-§sf Ah-K-Wn-¡p-
Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. ss__nÄ ]gb\nb-a
s¯ Ncn-{X-tc-J-bmbn ImWp¶ Hcp
ho£Ww ]nÂIme¯p k`m-N-cn-{X-Im-
c³amÀ hnI-kn-¸n-¨n-«p-s­-¦nepw, ]gb
\nbaw AXn-sâ-Xs¶ LS-\b - n Ncn{X-
kz-`m-hs¯ \ncm-I-cn-¡p¶ Hcp {KÙm-
h-en-bmWv F¶Xv- Cu ho£-W-¯nsâ
km[y-Xsb {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡p-Ibpw \njv^-
e-am-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶p F¶-XmWv A\p-
`-hw.
Ckvemansâ Imcy-¯n C¯cw
bmsXm-cp-hn[ {]iv\-§-fp-an-Ã. JpÀ-B-
\nsâ Ah-X-c-Ww, JpÀ-B-\nsâ kz`m-
hw, AXnsâ {]mam-Wn-I-X, JpÀ-B\pw
]qÀh-Im-eh - pw X½n-epÅ _Ôw, ]qÀh-
Ime thZ-§s - f-¡p- d- n-¨pÅ JpÀ-B\ - nsâ

kao-]\w F¶n-h-sbÃmw hyàhpw bp
à-hp-amb am\-ZÞ - § - sf Ah-ew-_n-¨p-
sIm-­p-Åh - b
- m-Wv JpÀ-B\ - nsâ BsI-
XpI.- ]qÀh-Ime {KÙ-§-fp-sSþ thZ-§-
fpsS kmcmw-i§ - Ä DÄs¡m-Åp-¶X
Àh-Ime Ncn-{X-¯nsâ kw£n-]vXX
tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xpw BI-bm sI«p-]n-
W-ªp-In-S-¡p¶ Nn´-I-sfbpw hnh-c-
W-§-sfbpw B{i-bn-t¡-­n-h-cp-¶n-Ã.
JpÀ-B³ apt¶m-«p-sh-¡p¶ Gähpw
anI¨ ho£-W-§-fn H¶v, AsÃ-¦nÂ
JpÀ-B-\nsâ AP-¿X {]Jym-]n-¡p¶
Imcy-§-fn H¶v ]qÀh-th-Z-§-sfm¶pw
b-YmÀ-Y- cq-]-¯nÂ- \ne-\n¡p-¶n-à h-
kvX
- p-Xb
- m- W
- v. _mly-amb ho£W tIm
Wp-I-fnÂ\n¶p t\m¡p-t¼mÄ, aäp- a-X-
§-sfbpw thZ-§-sfbpw hne-Ip-d-¨p-Im-
Wp¶ Hcp kao-]\ - a- m-Wn-sX¶p tXm¶p-
sa-¦n-epw, Ncn-{X-]-c-ambn Gähpw ià-
amb Hcp \ne-]mSp Xs¶-bm-Wn-Xv. C-Xp-
sIm-­p- Å- - t\-«§ - Ä-:-
(1).- ss__nÄ ]pXnb\nb-a-¯nsâ
Imcy-¯n-se-¶-t]mse A]qÀW-amb
km[q-Ic - W
- h
- m-Z¯
- n\v ]Ým¯e-ap-­m-
Ip-¶n-Ã.
(2).- ]g-b-\n-b-a-¯nsâ Imcy-¯nÂ
kw`-hn-¨X - p-t]mse sI«p-IY - I- f- p-sSbpw
AXn-`m-h-\-I-fp-sSbpw ]ndsI k©-cn-
t¡-­n-h-cp-¶n-Ã.
(3).- ]qÀh-th-Z-§-fpsS ktµ-i-§-fp-
sSbpw aqey-§f - p-sSbpw BsI X
B-\n \n¶pw e`n-¡p-¶X - n-\m hnizm-
k-þ- B-ßob taJ-eI - f
- n Bi-¦I
Ah-k-c-ap-­m-Ip-¶n-Ã.
(4).- am\-h-cm-in-¡p- sam-¯-¯nÂ
Bh-iy-amb amÀK-ZÀi-\-¯nsâ BsI-
X-p-Ibpw JpÀ-B³ Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-
\m thZw F¶ kz`m-ht- ¯mSpIqSn-bp
Å aäp {KÙ-§-fpsS kzm[o-\-ta-J-e-I
sf JpÀ-B³ Xnc-kvI-cn-¡p-I-bpw \ncm-
I-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.
arKo-b-Xr-jvW-I-fp-sS-bpw kwkvIm-c-c-l-n-X-amb Pohn-X-hr-¯n-I-fp-sSbpw ]Ým-¯-e-¯nÂ
\n¶p h¶-h-cmWv {]hm-N-Isâ {]Y-a-in-jy³am-cn ]ecpw F¶ kXyw Ckvemansâ
Ncn-{X-¯n ad-¨p-sh-¡s
- ¸-Sp-¶n-Ã. a\pjyPohn-X¯
- n ssZhn-Ia- q-ey-§Ä krjvSn-
¡p¶ AXn-i-à-amb ]cn-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ ZrjvSm-´-§-fmWv Hmtcm {]hm-NI
injysâbpw PohnXw.-
C¸-dª Imc-W§ - s - fÃmw BXy-´n- am-bn- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶- G-
I-ambn CXc thZ-§s - f-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Nn´- sX-¦n-epw- hy-àn-IÄ-,- a-äp- - th-Z§-sf-¡p-
sb-¯s¶ \ncm-Ic- n-¡p-¶X - m-Ib - m Ah- dn-¨p-Å- ]-T-\-§-fp-sS- ^-e-am-bn- JpÀB-
bpsS Ncn-{X-sa-¶Xv Hc-t\z-jW hnj-b- \n-s\- Xn-c-kv-I-cn-¨-Xn-\v- sX-fn-hn-Ã.- F-
- pw ]q ambn- JpÀ-B-\n IS¶phcp-¶n-Ã. ¶mÂ- ss_-_n-fn-s³-d-bpw- a-äp- JpÀB-
- sb JpÀ-B³ aäp- th-Z§ - s - f-¡p- d- n¨p \Â t\-X-c- {K-Ù-§-fp-sS-bpw- A-\p-bm-bn-I-
Ip¶ hnh-c§ - Ä¡-¸p-d¯ - pÅ hkvXp\n fnÂ- ]-e-cpw- -JpÀ-B-\n-s\-¡p-dn-¨p- \S-
jvT Adn-hp-I-fn Ah-sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ ¯n-bn-«pÅ ]T-\-§Ä Ahsc JpÀ-B-
At\z-j-W-§Ä a\p-jy-cm-insb sIm \n-te¡v BIÀjn-¸n-¨-Xn\v- - F¼mSpw
s­-¯n-¡pI km[y-aà - . ]qÀhthZ-§fp DZm-l-c-W-§Ä Nq­n-¡m-Wn-¡p-hm³-
sS Ncn{X `qX-Imew A¯-c-¯nÂ, a\p Ign-bpw. A-h-sbm-¶pw- Ncn-{X-]-c-ambpw
jy\nÀan-X§ - f - mb Bi-b§ - f - p-ambn Iq«n- BZÀi-]c - a- mbpw \oXo-Ic - n-¡s
- ¸-Sm-hp-¶-
bn-W¡ - s - ¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶X - p-sIm-­mWv JpÀ- h-bà F¶ Xncn-¨-dnhv kzX{´ kXym-
B-\nsâ C¡m-cy-¯n-epÅ hnh-cW - §- Ä t\z-jn-If - n D­m-¡p-hm³ JpÀ-B\ - p-am-
B[n-Im-cn-I-amb GIm-h-ew-_-§-fm-bn- bpÅ Ah-cpsS k¼À¡w Imc-W-am-bn-
¯o-cp-¶X - v. ss__nÄ ]pXnb\nb-a¯ - n ¯o-cp-¶p F¶ A\p-`-hw, JpÀ-B³ N
\v AXnsâ a\p-jy-`m-h\ - m-]c - a- mb kz`m- cn-{X-]-c-Xbpw bpàn-`-{Z-X-bp-apÅ GI-
h-¯n-\-¸pdw IS-¡p-hm³ Ign-bm-¯-Xp- th-Z-{K-Ù-am-sW-¶-Xns\ ]n´p-W-¡p-
sIm-­m-Wv kam\ kz`m-ht- ¯m-Sp-Iq-Snb ¶p. (7)
]g-b\ - n-ba- s¯ ]e-t¸mgpw B{i-bn-t¡
JpÀ-B-\nsâ Ah-X-c-Ww, kam-lc-
­n hcp-¶-Xv. c­p {KÙ§-fpw- a-\p-jy-
Ww- F¶n-h-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸« a\p-
\nÀ-an-X§ - f - m-Ib - mÂ- Cu- {]-hW - X - - ss_-
jysâ {]hÀ¯-\§ - Ä tcJo-Ic- n-¡s - ¸«
_nÄ- \n-b-a-§-fp-sS- Im-cy-¯nÂ- kzm-`m-
Ncn-{X-am-Wv. Hcp {KÙ-¯nsâ cq]-`m-h-
hn-I-hp-am-Wv.- F-¶mÂ- JpÀ-B³- A-Xn-
s³-d- ssZ-hn- I - {- ]-`m-h¯
- n-epw- kz-`m-h¯ - n- §-fn-te-¡pÅ JpÀ-B-\nsâ ]cn-Wmaw
epw- Du-¶p-I-bpw- a-\p-jy-\nÀ-an-X-§fm-b- AwKo-I-cn-¡-s¸« Ncn{XhkvXp-X-bmbn
{K-Ù-§-sf- G-sX-¦n-epw- X-c-¯nÂ- B- Ckvemanse Ncn-{X-¯n tcJ-s¸-«p-I-
{i-bn-¡m-\n-S-bn-Ãm-¯- hn-[-¯nÂ- A-Xn- gn-ªX - m-W.v {]hm-NI - sâ Pohn-Xh - p-ambn
s³-d- D-Å-S-¡-s¯- kw-£n-]v-X-hpw- kp-c- _Ô-s¸« NÀ¨-I-fnepw ]T-\-§-fnepw
£n-X-hp-am-¡p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-¡p-¶p.- JpÀ-B³ {]Xn-]mZy hnj-b-am-Wv. hnip-
JpÀ-B-\nÂ- hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶-h-sc- kw-_- ²-JpÀ-B-\nsâ ]Ým-¯-e-an-Ãm¯ Hcp
]cm-aÀi-þh - n-iZ- o-Ic- W
- hpw Xncp-Zq-Xc - psS
Ôn-¨n-S-t¯m-fw- ]qÀ-h-th-Z-§-fp-s-S- hn-i-
- pI JpÀ- Pohn-X-s¯-¡-p-dn¨p \ÂI-s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã.
Z-am-b- N-cn-{Xw- ]-Tn-¡p-I-bpw- A-t\z-jn-
CXp-X-s¶-bmWv JpÀ-B-\nsâ Imcy-
¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶-Xv- H-cm-h-iy-I-X-b-Ã.-
- Ä¡v ¯nepw kw`-hn-¡p-¶-Xv. hnip² JpÀ-
Im-cW- w- A-¡m-cy-¯nÂ- B-hi - y-am-b- hn-
B-\nsâ Ncn-{Xhpw Xncp-Zq-X-cpsS Pohn-
h-cW
- § - s - f-Ãmw- JpÀ-B\ - n-ep-­.v - F¶mÂ
ss__nÄ, tXmd, k¦oÀ¯-\§ - Ä, {]m Xhpw X½n BXy-´n-Ia- mbn _Ô-s¸-
Ir-X-a-X-§-fpsS Ah-injvS {KÙ-§Ä «p-sIm-­pÅ Ckvemansâ Ncn-{X-L-S\
F¶n-h-sb-¡-p-dn-s¨-Ãm-apÅ apkvenwI- auen-I-amb Hcp KpWw Xs¶-bmWv
fpsS ]T-\-K-th-j-W-§Ä {]t_m-[-\-]- temI-N-cn-{X-¯n aäp- bm-sXmcp aX-
c-amb XmÂIm-en-Im-h-iy-§Ä ap³\nÀ ¯n\pw C¯-c-samcp thZ-þ-th-Z-hm-lI
¯n am{X-ap-Å-Xm-Wv. JpÀ-B-\n hniz- _Ôw \ne-hn-enà F¶Xv {]kvXm-hy-
kn-¡p-I-bpw JpÀ-B-\n-s\ amÀ-K-ZÀ-i-\- am-Wv.
2007 G-{]n-Â- 16
 bp²-hpw amÂk-cy-§-fpw kpJ-tem-ep-]-X-bpw Akw-kvIr-X-amb Pnhn-X-io-e-§-fpsS
B[n-]-Xy-hpw Pohn-X-s¯-¡-p-dn-¨pÅ Nn´-bpsS A`m-hhpw sXfn-ªp-Im-Wp¶ Hcp
L«-¯n \n-¶p-am-Wv, hnizm-km-[n-jvTn-X-amb ]cn-hÀ¯-\-¯n-sâbpw \·-bp-sSbpw
asämcp L«-¯n-te¡v {]hm-NI
hyàn, IpSpw-_\ - m-Y³, `c-Wm-[n-Im-
cn, t\Xm-hv, Znhy--k-tµiw e`n-¡p¶
sXc-sª-Sp-¡s - ¸« a-\p-jy³-, Ckveman
I cmjv{S-¯nsâ kap-¶X t\Xr-Xzw,
ka-c\ - m-bI- ³ F¶o \ne-If - n-se-Ãm-apÅ
{]hm-N-Isâ hyàn-Xzhpw kzoIm-cy-
Xbpw Ckvemansâ Ncn-{X-¯n kphy-
à-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p-­v. ]e-
]-e- h-i-§-fnÂ\n¶pw B Pohn-Xs¯
kq£vaa- mbn tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯s - ¸-«n-«p-­.v Ncn-
{X-¯n C{X-b-[nIw IrXy-ambn tcJ-
s¸-Sp-¯-s¸« asämcp hyànbpw Pohn-
X-hp-an-Ã.- Ncn{X-\m-b-I³amcpw hoc³am
cpw IYm-]m-{X-§-fp-sa¶ \ne-bn IS-
¶p-h-cp¶ asäm-cp hyàn-¡p-an-Ãm¯
Ncn{X {]m[m\yw {]hm-N-I\v \ÂI-s¸-
«n-cn-¡p-¶p. Hcp Pohn-X-¯nsâ BZyw
apXÂ Ah-km\whsc-bpÅ Hmtcm Zriy-
§fpw amXr-Im-]c - a- mbn {Iao-Ic - n-¡s - ¸-«-
Xm-Wv- apl-½Z- v \-_n-(e - )bp-sS- Ncn-{X-¯n
 ImWp-¶X - v. bmsXm-cp-hn[ Znhy-Xz-hm-
Z-¯n-\pw Ah-Xm-c-k-¦Â]-§Ä¡pw
]Ým-¯-e-am-ImsX IrXyhpw kq£va-
hp-ambn {]hm-N-Isâ PohnXw ]IÀ¯-
s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶p F¶Xv Ncn-{X-]p-cp-j³am-
cnse GI Ncn{X ]pcp-j-s\¶ ]Zhn
apl-½Zv \_n-¡v(-e ) \ÂIp-¶-Xn\p
]cym-]vXa- m-bX - m-Wv. ]e ] - m-ÝmXy Nn´-
I³am-cpw tXmakv ImÀsse\n-s\-t]m-ep-
Å-hÀ, {]hm-N-Is\- Ncn-{X-\m-b-I-cpsS
t\Xmhv F¶p hnti-jn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv AXp-
sIm-­mWv. (8)
CXn\v- A\p-kr-Xa- mb Imcy-§f - mWv
{]hm-N-Isâ A\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS Imcy-
¯nepw Ckvemansâ Ncn{X]mT-§-fnÂ
DÅ-Xv. Hcp P\-Xbpw kaq-l-hp-sa¶
\ne-bn Ckvemansâ BZyXe-ap-d,
{]hm- N - I sâ {]Y- a - injyKW- § Ä
AXy-[nIw DZm-¯-amb kz`m-h-Kp-W-§-
fmWv {]Im-in-¸n-¨-Xv. Xtam-a-b-amb
PohnX kwkvIm-c¯ - n-sâbpw arKo-ba- mb
PohnX coXn-I-fp-sSbpw XS-hp-Im-cm-bn-
cp¶ P\X Imem-´-c-¯n a\p-jy-cm-
2007 G-{]n-Â-
- sâ injy³am-cpsS PohnXw ]cn-hÀ¯n-¡s
in-bpsS amÀKZo]-§f - m-bn-¯oÀ¶-XmWv
{]hm-NI injy³am-cpsS Pohn-X-¯nÂ
ImWp¶ A\n-X-c-km-[m-c-W-amb khn-
ti-j-X. CkvemanI ktµ-i-¯nsâ
hml-I-\mbn apl½-Zv \_n(-e) B-K-X-
\m-hp-I-bpw- Atd-_y Ckvemansâ Ncn-
{X-`q-an-bmbn sXc-sª-Sp-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw
sNbvXn-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦n Ncn-{X-¯nepw
am\-h-cm-in-bnepw hnkva-cn-¡-s¸« Hcp
P\-X-bm-Ip-am-bn-cp-¶-h-cm-Wv-þ-]n-¶oSv
Ncn{Xw ZÀin¨ Gähpw amXr-Im-tbm-Ky-
cmb A\p-bm-bn-I-fmbn amdn-b-sX¶v
{^©p Nn´-I-\m-bn-cp¶ emsaIv ]d-
bp-¶p­v . Ckvemansâ Ncn-{X-`m-j-
(9)
bn Idp-¯b - p-Kw, Pmln-en¿x- Ime-L«w
Fs¶Ãmw hnti-jn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ L«-
¯nsâ {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-bn-cp¶ Hcp P\-
hn-`mKw FÃm-¯cw PoÀW-X-I-fn \n
¶pw ip²o-Ic - n-¡s - ¸-Sp-Ibpw;- hnizm-kw,
Pohn-X-co-Xn-IÄ, am\-hnI {]hÀ¯-\-
§Ä, _u²n-Ihpw [nj-Wm-]-c-hp-amb
{]hÀ¯-\§ - Ä F¶n-hb - n-seÃmw amXr-
I-bm-bn-¯o-cp-Ibpw sNbvXXv AÂ`p-X-
I-ca- mb ]cn-hÀ¯\w Xs¶-bmWv F¶v
emsaIv ]d-bp¶p . ]qÀW-X-sb-¯nb
(10)
hnizm-kn-kw-Lw, amXr-Im-]-c-amb A¨-
S-¡-apÅ A\p-bm-bn-IÄ F¶n-§s\
aäp- ] e hnti- j - W - § fpw {]hm- N I
injy³amÀ¡v \ÂI-s¸-«n-«p-ÅXv {it²-
b-am-Wv. {]hm-N-Isâ BK-a-\-¯n-\p- ap-
¼pÅ L«-¯n Ah-cpsS PohnXw
F{]-Im-ca- m-bn-cp-¶p F¶ Imcyw Ckvem
anI Ncn{Xw hn«p-I-f-bp-¶n-Ã. {]hm-N-
Isâ A\p-bm-bn-If - psS ]qÀh-Ime Pohn-
X-¯nsâ Nn{X-§f - pw ]cn-hÀ¯-\m-\´ - c
L«-¯nse Nn{X-§fpw tNÀ¯p-sh-¨p-
sIm-­mWv Ckvemw B kaq-l-¯nÂ
hcp-¯nb amä¯nsâ hnh-cW - §
- Ä Ckv
emanI Ncn-{X-¯n e`n-¡p-¶-Xv. ]¨
a\p-jy-cmb Hcp kwL-¯n\v aqey-§-
tfmSpw Bi-b-§-tfmSpw BZÀi-§-tfm-
Sp-apÅ {]Xn-_-²-X-bpsS ASn-Øm-\-
¯n Dcp-¯n-cn-ªp-h¶ PohnX ]cn-
hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ Ncn{X _nµp-¡-fmWv
17
- ¸-«X
- v.
{]hm-NI injy³am-cpsS Pohn-X-¯nÂ
\n¶p e`n-¡p-¶-Xv. (11)
arKo-bX - r-jvWI - f- p-sS-bpw kwkvIm-c-
c-l-n-X-amb Pohn-X-hr-¯n-I-fp-sSbpw
]Ým- ¯ - e - ¯ nÂ\n¶p h¶- h - c mWv
{]hm-NI - sâ {]Y-ai - n-jy³am-cn ]ecpw
F¶ kXyw Ckvemansâ Ncn-{X-¯nÂ
ad-¨p-sh-¡-s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã. a\pjyPohn-X-
¯n ssZhn-I-aq-ey-§Ä krjvSn-¡p¶
AXn- i - à - a mb ]cn- h À¯- \ - ¯ nsâ
ZrjvSm-´§ - f- mWv Hmtcm {]hm-NI injy-
sâbpw PohnXw.- ]qÀh-Im-e¯ - nsâ hnh-
c-W§ - Ä ad-¨p-sh-¨p-sIm­v Ir{Xn-aa- mb
hnip²n tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡-m­ - Ã Ckvem
anI Ncn{Xw apkvenw kaq-ls¯ ]cnN-
b-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶X - v. bmYmÀY-y§ - Ä bmYmÀ
Y-y-§-fmbn Nq­n-¡-m-Wn-¨p-sIm-­pÅ
EPp-hmb Ncn{X kao-]\ - a- mWv Ckveman-
sâ-Xv.- hnizmk-hpw {kjvSm-hn-t\m-SpÅ
hnt[-b-¯-hpw {]hm-N-Isâ A[ym-]-\-
§-tfm-SpÅ {]Xn-_-²-X-bp-saÃmw F{]-
Im-c-amWv apkvenwIsf D¯-a-a-mb Hcp
P\-Xb - m¡n amäp-¶Xv F¶-Xnsâ anI¨
DZm-l-cWw BZy-Ime apkvenwI-fpw,
{]hm-N-Isâ injy-K-W-§-fp-am-Wv. ap
kvenwI-fpsS PohnXNcn-{X-s¯-¡mÄ,
Ckvemansâ ]cn-hÀ¯-\-ti-jn¡v DZm-
l-cn-¡m-hp-¶Xv {]hm-NIinjyK-W-
¯nsâ Pohn-Xw-X-s¶-bmWv F¶- bm-
YmÀY-yw \njv]-£-a-Xn-IÄ¡v AwKo-I-
cn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m-\m-hn-Ã. bp²-hpw amÂk-
cy-§f - pw kpJ-tem-ep-]X - b- pw Akw-kI v r-
X-amb Pnhn-Xi - o-e§ - f - psS B[n-]X - y-hpw
Pohn-X-s¯-¡-p-dn-¨pÅ Nn´-bpsS A`m-
hhpw sXfn-ªp-Im-Wp¶ Hcp L«-¯nÂ
\n-¶p-am-Wv, hnizm-km-[n-jvTn-X-amb ]cn-
hÀ¯-\-¯n-sâbpw \·-bp-sSbpw asäm
cp L«-¯n-te¡v {]hm-NI - sâ injy³am-
cpsS PohnXw ]cn-hÀ¯n-¡-s¸-«-Xv.
{InkvXp-hnsâ {]Yainjy³am-cpsS
Pohn-Xs¯¡-pdn¨v ss__n-fnepw k`m
Ncn-{X-¯nepw \ÂI-s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶ hnhc-
W-§Ä Ahy-à-§fpw A]qÀW--§fpw
 Npcp-¡-¯nÂ,- Ckvemw Ncn-{X-]-c-amb hyà-X-bpw kzoIm-cy-X-bp-apÅ Hcp khn-ti-j -
aX-ambn hfÀ¶p thdn«p \n ¡p-¶Xp \mw ImWp-¶p. temI-aX
Ncn{X-§f
- pw k¼qÀW-a- Ã
Ckvemans\ hne-bn-cp-¯p-t¼mÄam{X-amWv \mw, Ckvemw BÀPn-¨n-«pÅ Ncn{X ZmÀVyw
A]-cym-]X v §- f - p-am-W.v At¸m-kX v e - ³am-
cpsS Pohn-X-¯nsâ bYmÀY- Zriy-§Ä
\ap¡v e`y-a-Ã. HcpXcw- Zpcqlm-ß-I-X-
bn _Ôn-¸n¨p \nÀ¯n-s¡-m-­mWv
k`m-Nc - n-{X-Im-c³amÀ At¸m-kvXe - ³am
cp-sSbpw BZy-Ime ss{IkvXh kaq-l-
¯n-sâbpw hnh-cW - § - Ä \ÂIn-bn-«p-Å-
Xv. CXv {InkvXp-a-X-¯nsâ kzoIm-cy-X-
¡p-Xs¶ tIm«-§f - p-­m-¡n-bn-«pÅ Imcy-
hp-am-Wv.
BZy-Ime hnizm-kn-If - psS Pohn-s¯-
¡-pd- n¨v hyà-amb Ncn-{X-hn-hc - Ww e`y-
a-Ãm¯ {InkvXp-a-X-hpw, Hcp Imcyhpw
hnh-cn-¡-s¸-Sm-Xn-cp-¶n-«n-Ãm¯ Ckvem
ansâ BZy-Ime kaq-lhpw X½n Xmc-
Xayw sN¿p-t¼mÄ Ckvemw F´p-sIm
­v Ncn-{X-]-c-amb hyà-X-bpÅ GI-a-
X-ambn XpS-cp¶p F¶p Is­-¯p-hm³
Ign-bpw. {InkvXp-a-X-¯nsâ BZyw apX
 Ah-km-\w-h-scbpw Nqgv¶p \n¡p
¶ Ahy-à-X-IÄ, Hcp aX-sa¶ \ne-
bn hnth-I-a-Xn-I-fm AXns\ Ah-
K-Wn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ ØnXnhnti-j-¯n-\n-S-
bm-¡n-bn-«p-­.v F¶m Ckvemansâ Ncn-
{X-¯n Hcp Imcy-¯nepw hnh-c-W-]-c-
amb ]cn-anXn IS¶phcp-¶n-Ã. hnizm-k-
hpw kwkvI-c-W-hpw ssZh-t¯m-SpÅ
hnt[-b¯ - h - pw aqey-§t- fm-SpÅ {]Xn-_-
²-Xbpw tKm]y-am-¡n-sh-t¡­ Imcy-§-
f- Ã . Ah- b - { Xbpw am\- h - c m- i n- b psS
kPoh {i²-¡p-ap-¶n htc­ amXr-
Im-LS- I - §- f - mWv F¶ X¯-z¯ - n-emWv
Ckv e mansâ Du¶Â. {Inkv X p- a Xw
C¯cw hnj-b§ - f - n Ah-ew-_n-¨n-«pÅ
Zqcq-l-amb au\w B aXs¯ Ncn-{X-
th-cp-If - n-Ãm¯ aX-sa¶p hnti-jn-¸n-¡p-
hm-\mWv Ah-kc - §- f - p-­m-¡p- ¶- X- v.
BZy\qäm-­n-sâ-bpw, XpSÀ¶ph¶
Hmtcm kw`hhnIm-k§ - f- p-sSbpw hyà-
amb hnh-c-W-§Ä Ckvemansâ Ncn-{X-
¯n-ep-­v. \qäm-­p-I-fn-eqsS Ckvemw
am\-hc- m-insb KpW-]c- a- mbn- \nb-{´n-¡p-
2007 G-{]n-Â-
- §
- f
- psS Ahyà
- m¯ `qX-Ime hnh-cW
- §
- fpw ap¶n sh¨p-sIm­v
Xncn-¨d- n-bp-¶X
- v.
Ibpw ]cn-hÀ¯n-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn
sâ hnh-cW - § - Ä IqSn-bm-Wh - . Ckvemw
am\- h - c m- i n- b n ]cn- h À¯- \ §- f pw-
krjvSn-]-c-amb CS-s]-S-ep-Ifpw \S-¯n-
s¡-m­ - n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ Ime-L«- § - fpw P\-
hn-`m-K-§fpw Ckveman\v XnI¨pw A\p-
Iq-ea- m-bn-cp¶p F¶p ]d-bm³ Ign-bm¯
hn[-¯nÂ, kwLÀj-§fpw {]Xn-_Ô - -
§fpw F¼m-Sp-ap-­m-bn-cp-¶p.
Ipcn-ip-bp-²-§-fp-sSbpw aäpw A\p-
`-h§ - Ä t\m ¡pI.- ià-amb FXnÀ¸p-
IÄ¡n-Sb - n-eq-sS-bmWv Ckvemw temI¯v
{]N-cn-¨-Xv.- F¶m Ckveman-t\m-SpÅ
FXnÀ¸p-I-fpsS t{]c-W-IÄ Ckveman-
s\-¡p- d- n-¨pÅ sXän-²m- c - W
- I- fpw ap³hn-
[n-I-fpw ]utcm-ln-Xy-¯nsâ krjvSn-I-
fmb IpXvknX X{´-§-fp-sam-s¡-bm-bn-
cp¶p F¶p ImWmw. Ckvemw hn`m-h\w
sN¿p¶ BZÀi a\p-jy-Po-hn-Xs - ¯-bpw,
AÀY-h¯ - mb PohnX{Iao-Ic- W - s- ¯bpw
kw _-Ôn¨v hyà-amb [mc-W-I-fnÂ
F¯p-hm³ {ian-¨-t¸m-sgÃmw FXnÀ¸p-
Isf \njv{]-`-am¡n Ckvemansâ AP-
¿X Xncn-¨-dn-b-s¸-«n-«p-ap-­v.
Npcp-¡-¯nÂ,- Ckvemw Ncn-{X-]-c-am
b hyà-X-bpw kzoIm-cy-X-bp-apÅ Hcp
khn-ti-j a- X - a- mbn hfÀ¶p thdn«p \nÂ
¡p-¶Xp \mw ImWp-¶p. temI-a-X-§-
fpsS Ahyà Ncn-{X-§-fpw k¼qÀW--a-
Ãm¯ `qX-Ime hnh-c-W-§fpw ap¶nÂ
sh¨p-sIm­v Ckvemans\ hne-bn-cp-¯p-
t¼mÄam{X-amWv \mw, Ckvemw BÀPn-
¨n-«pÅ Ncn{X ZmÀVyw Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶-
Xv. Ckvemansâ Ncn{X ZmÀVys¯ adn-
I-S¡- p-hm³ ss{IkvXh - a- n-jW
- d- n-amÀ ]e
\qäm-­p-I-fn-embn Bhn-jvI-cn¨ kam-
´c CkvemwaX Ncn-{X-¯n-t\m, ap³hn-
[n-If - n-e[- n-jvTn-Xa- mb Ncn{X kao-]\ - §-
Ät¡m km[n-¡p-I-bp-­m-bnà F¶Xv
kp{]-[m-\-amb Hcp bmYmÀY-y-am-Wv.
kqN-\-IÄ, Ah-ew-_-\-§Ä
1).- NÀ¨v C³ tamtU¬ GbvPv:- t]Pv
18
140, t]mÄ ImÀ¸À, C³Ìn-äyq«v Hm^v
{InkvXy³ ÌUo-kv, 1989 eIvkw-_ÀKv.-
2).- Ckvemw Bâ v {InkvXy³ C³th
j³kv:- t]Pv 89,- dn¨mÀUv t{_m{KÀ, {_n
«¬, 1996.-
3).- Ft{Imkv Zn thÄUv:- FUzmÀUv
sdbvkÀ, PÀa-\n, 1984, C³Ìn-äyq-«v Hm^v
{InkvXy³ ÌUok.-v
4).- {InÌym-\nän _nt^mÀ Z ss{IÌv;-
tÌmdn Bâ v lnÌdn: sPtdmw AÂ
s_Iv, {Sm³kv: tUm. tPm¬-þI - mÂhn³,
C³Ìnäyq«v Hm^v {InkvXy³ ÌUok.-v
5).- l-ntÌm-dntbm tZ Ckveman¡m:
Zm\n-tb sPÀjm¡v, skâ v]o-äÀ C³
Ìoäyq«v Hm^v Xntbm-f-Pn-¡Â ÌUo-kv,
{^m³kv, 1998.-
6).- Ckvemw Bâ v {InkvXy³ C³th
j³kv: t]Pv 130, dn¨mÀUv t{_m{KÀ,
{_n«¬, 1996.-
7).- JpÀ-B³ Bâ v ss__nÄ:- t]Pv
69-þ70, apl-½Zv AkvewJm³, A³Ppa³
\uP-hms\ Ckvemw ]_vfn-t¡-j³kv,
emtlmÀ, 1989.-
8).- {]-o¨n-wKvkv Hm^v Ckvemw: t]Pv
314, tXmakv AÀt\mÄUv, HmIvkvt^m
ÀUv, 1969.- Bkv s]Iväkv Bâ v t{]mkv
s]-Iväkv Hm^v Ckvemw: t]Pv 130 tPm
¬, HmÌn³, \yqsseäv ]»n-t¡-j³kv,
PÀa\n, 1992.-
9).- Ckvemw: dnen-Py³ Bâ v- l
- n-Ìdn:
t]Pv 53, A_vZp-Ã- l-n-imw, A³Pp-a³
\uP-hms\ Ckvemw ]»n-t¡-j³kv,
emtlmÀ,- 1989.-
10).- Ckvemw: dnen-Py³ Bâ-ln-Ìdn,-
t]Pv 59.-
11).- hnIm-bms¯ kzlm-_m, t]Pv
410, apl-½Zv Ceymkv klm-d³]q-cn,
A³Ppa³ \uP-hms\ Ckvemw ]_vfn-
t¡-j³kv,- emtlmÀ, 1993.
 Bkv Xn I -
X bpw
\mkvXn-I-Xbpw
PhmZv sI

""ssZhw acn-¨p-t]m-bn-cn-¡p¶p''sh¶v At±lw {]kvXm-hn-¨-Xv. Xsâ Ime-L- I-hmZw,- {]{In-bm-]c

- a- mb \mkvXn-Ih - Zmw
\-oXvtj ]d-ª-Xmbn Nne {KÙ-§-fn «-¯nse hnizm-kn-If - psS kao-]\
- §
- fpw F¶n-§s\ \mkvXn-I-Xsb Nne Nn´-
 ImWmw. Pohn-¨n-cp¶ Hcp ssZhw D aX-¯nsâ Nqj-Wm-[n-jvTn-Xa- mb CS-s]- IÀ c­mbn thÀXn-cn-¨n-«p­v. (- 1)

­m-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶pw B ssZh-amWv ac- S-ep-Ifpw ssZhs¯ \ntj-[n-¡p-hm³ hyàn a\-Êp-I-fn hnizm-k-¯n\v

W-s¸-«p-t]m-b-sX-¶p-amWv \o-Xv-tj ]d- aäp-]-e-scbpw t]mse \oXvtj¡pw Xosc CSw In«msX hfÀ¶p-hc- m³ km[n-
ª-sX¶pw CXns\ hymJym-\n-¡m-hp-¶- t{]c-W-bm-bn-cp-¶n-«p-­v. \mkvXn-I-hm-Z- ¡pI F¶-XmWv kzm`m-hnI \mkvXn-I-
Xm-Wv. F¶m ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambn \o ¯nsâ Ncn-{Xhpw Nn´m-[m-cbpw ]cn- hm-Za- mbn hnti-jn-¸n-¡s - ¸-Sp-¶X
- .v ]t£,-
Xvtj Hcp ssZh-\n-tj-[nbpw \mkvXnI- tim-[n-¡p--t¼mÄ AXp kzm`m-hn-I-ambn Ncn-{X-¯n-sâbpw hkvXp-X-I-fp-sSbpw
hm-Zn-bp-am-bn-cp-¶p. Hcp ssZh-¯n Xm³ BhnÀ`-hn-¡p¶ Hcp _u²n-I-\n-e-hm- shfn-¨-¯n Nn´n-¡p-t¼mÄ C¯-c-
hniz-kn-¡p-¶nà F¶p kqNn-¸n-¡m³ c-ambn Hcp Ime¯pw A\p-`-h-s¸-«n-«nà samcp \mkvXn-IX FhnsS Ft¸mÄ
th­n-bmWv ssZhw acn-¨p-t]m-b-Xmbn F¶p ImWmw. kzm`m-hn-Ia- mb \mkvXn- F§s\ BhnÀ`-hn-¨n-«p­v F¶Xv- D¯-
hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh
\mkvXn-Ih
- m-Z¯
- nsâ Ncn-{Xhpw Nn´m-[m-cbpw ]cn-tim-[n-¡-tp-¼mÄ AXp kzm`m-hn-I-ambn BhnÀ`-hn-¡p¶ Hcp
_u²n-I-\n-e-hm-c-ambn Hcp Ime¯pw A\p-`h
- s
- ¸-«n-«nà F¶p ImWmw. kzm`m-hn-Ia- mb \mkvXn-I-hmZw,-
{]{Inbm]c-amb \mkvXn-I-hZmw F¶n-§s\ \mkvXn-I-Xsb Nne Nn´-IÀ c­mbn thÀXn-cn-¨n-«p­v.
hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh
2007 G-{]n-Â- 19
c-an-Ãm¯ tNmZy-am-Wv. Hcp a\p-jy³
P\n-¡p-Ibpw hf-cp-Ibpw Pohn-X¯ - nsâ
sshhn-[y-]qÀW-§-fmb hgn-I-fn-eqsS
hf-cp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶X - n-\n-Sb
- n Ahsâ
Nn´m-[m-cb - nÂ\n¶pw at\m-ap-Ip-c¯ - nÂ
\n¶pw hnizmkw A{]-Xy-£a- mbn F¶p
hcmw. ]t£, hnizm-k-¯nsâ em©-\
bpw kzm[o-\-hp-an-ÃmsX Hcp hyàn¡p
hfÀ¶p-h-cm³ Ign-bpI F¶Xv- Akm-
[y-am-Wv. hnizm-k-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«p
\S-¯nb ]co-£W - §- f - nÂ\n¶v- Dcp-¯n-
cn-bp¶ ]c-amÀY-w a\p-jysâ kzm`m-hn-
I -a-t\m-`m-h-¯nsâ {]Xn-^-e-\-amWv
hnizm-ks - a-¶m-Wv. PohnX kml-Nc - y-§-
fn-eqsS Cu kzm`m-hnI at\m-`m-hs¯
D³aqe\w sN¿p-hm³ km[n-¡p-I-bn-Ã.
CXp-ambn _Ô-s¸«p \S-¯n-bn-«pÅ
At\z-j-W-§-fn \n¶v Dcp-¯n-cnª
Imcy-§Ä Ch-bmWv:-
H-¶v-).- hyàn P\n¨p hf-cp-¶-tXm-
sSm¸w kw`-hn-¡p¶ _p²n-hn-Imkw,-
]cn-k-c-t_m[w XpS-§n-b-h-bpsS ]n³
XpSÀ¨-bmbn Hc-Xo-X-i-àn-bn-epÅ -hn-
izm-khpw BhnÀ`-hn-¡p-¶p-­v.
c-­v-).- hyàn,- P\n-¡p¶ IpSpw_w,-
Pohn-¡p¶ ]Ým-¯ew F¶n-h-bpsS
ASn-Øm-\-¯n Dcp-¯n-cn-bp¶ Hcp
at\m-`m-ha- Ã CXv. thdn-«Xpw hyXy-kvX-
hp-amb Hcp t{kmX-Ên \n¶pw, Hcp
sshIm-cnI ioe-¯n \n¶pw A\p-{Im-
an-Ia- mbn hnImkw {]m]n-¡p-¶X - m-Wn-Xv.
aq-¶-v).- hnizm-k-¯n\pw aX-]-c-amb
ho£-W§ - Ä¡pw kzm[o-\a- n-Ãm¯ Hcp
kml-N-cy-¯n hyànsb hfÀ¯p-¶-
Xn-eqsS Cu at\m-`mhw CÃm-sX-bm-¡p-
hm³ km[n-¡p-¶n-Ã. XoÀ¯pw Ahn-izm-
k-¯n-sâ-Xmb Hcp IpSpw_ PohnX
]Ým-¯-e-¯n hf-cp¶ Ip«n-I-fnÂ
t]mepw B kml-Nc - ys¯ A-Xn-hÀ¯n-
¨p-sIm­v hnizm-k-¯nsâ at\m-`mhw
D­m-bn-¯o-cm-\n-Sb - p-­v.
\m-ev)- .- F¶m hnizmk at\m-`mhw
kzm`m-hn-I-ambn Dcp-¯n-cn-bp¶ Ip«n-I-
aX-¯nsâ Hcp D-Â]¶-ambn hnizm-ks¯ ImWp-¶-Xn\p ]I-cw, a\pjy a\-Ên-sâ- Xs¶ Hcp kzm`m-hnI ^e-
ambn ImWp-¶-h-bmWv- ]T-\-§Ä.- hnizm-k-¯nsâ \oXo-I-c-W-¯n\p ssZh-im-kv{X-§-fpw ssZhhnÚm-\o-b-
§fpw \ÂIp¶ \ymbo-Ic
- W
- §
- f
- Ã a\x-im-kv{Xhpw `uXn-I]
2007 G-{]n-Â-
fnepw hyàn-I-fnepw AXn\p hncp-²-
amb at\m-`mhw ASn-t¨Â]-n¡ - p-hm³ \S-
¯p¶ {ia-§Ä hn]-coX ^e-§-fmWv
Df-hm-¡p-I. C¯cw {ia-§Ä hyànXz
inYn-eo-Ic- W - w, at\m-hn-{`m-´n-IÄ F¶n-
hbv¡v CS-bm-¡p-¶p.
A-©v-).- \mkvXnI at\m-`m-hhpw
Ahn-izm-khpw ]peÀ¯p¶ hyàn-I-
fpsS Pohn-X-s¯-¡mÄ hkvXp-\n-jvT-X,
IrXy-X, ^e-{]m-]X v n, IÀa-\n-cX F¶nh
hnizm-ka- t- \m-`m-hm-[n-jvTnX Pohn-X¯
sâ DS-a-IÄ¡v D­m-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.
hnizm-k-¯n-sâbpw Ahn-izm-k-¯n-
sâbpw ^e-§s - f-¡p-dn-¨pÅ ]T-\§
aX-¯n-sâbpw bpàn-hm-Z¯ - n-sâbpw k
hn-tij taJ-e-I-fm-bn-«mWv ]ecpw Im
Wp-¶-sX-¦nepw B[p-\nI a\x-im-kv{X-
¯n Cu hnj-b-§Ä Iqe-¦-j-ambn
NÀ¨-sN-¿s - ¸-«n-«p-­.v tIhew aX-¯nsâ
XmXznI \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ¡v AwKo-Im-c-ap-
­m-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ {]hÀ¯-\-§fpw
sshÚm-\nI kao-]\ - §- fpw F¶-XnÂ
I-hnªv a\pjyPohn-X-¯nsâ kl-P-
amb at\m-`m-hþ- i - o-e§ - f - p-ambn _Ô-s¸«
hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb Bcm-b-ep-IÄ F¶
\ne-bn-emWv hnizm-kþ- A - h - n-izmk at\m-
`m-h-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« {]iv\-§Ä
NÀ¨-sN-¿s - ¸-«n-«p-ÅX - .v ssZh-im-k{v X-¯n-
sâ-tbm, aX-]mTy ]²-Xn-bp-sStbm `mK-
aà hnizm-khpw Ahn-izm-k-hpw. adn¨v
a\x-im-kv{X-]c - a- mb ]T-\t- a-Je - b
- n-te¡v
IS¶p sN¶n-cn-¡p¶p C¶-h.
hnizmkw kzm`m-hn-I-amb Hcp at\m-
`m-ha- mWv F¦n Ahn-izmkw {]{In-bm-
]-ca- mb at\m-`m-ha- m-Wv. hyàn-bpsS a\-
Ên hnizmkw kzm`m-hn-Ia- mbn Dcp-¯n-
cn-bp-¶p-sh-¦n Ahn-izmkw Dcp-¯n-cn-
bp-¶-Xn\v t_m[-]qÀh-amb {ia-§Ä
Bh-iy-am-Wv. hyàn P\n-¨p-h-fÀ¶
kml-N-cy-§Ä F´p-X-s¶-bm-bmepw
hnizmkw kzm`m-hn-Ia- mbn BhnÀ`-hn-¡p-
Ibpw C§s\ kzm`m-hn-Ia- mbn BhnÀ`-
hn-¡p¶ at\m-`m-h-¯nsâ \ncm-I-c-W-
- T
- \
- §
- fpw \ÂIp-¶X
- v. ssZh hnÚm-\o-b§
- f
- psS
am\-Z-Þ-§Ä hn`n-¶-§-fm-Wv.
20
¯n-\pw, B at\m-`m-h-¯n \n¶pÅ
amä-¯n-\p-th­n t_m[-]qÀh-amb ]cn-
{i-a-§Ä Bh-iy-ambn hcn-Ibpw sN¿p-
¶-Xn-\m-emWv hnizmkw kzm`m-hn-Ihpw
Ahn-izmkw {]{In-bm-]c- h - p-am-bn-¯o-cp-¶-
Xv. klhpw kzm`m-hn-I-hp-ambn _p²n-
bpsS Bh-iy-ambn hyànPohn-X¯ - nÂ
IS-¶p-h-cp-¶-Xv hnizm-k-am-Wv. CXns\
adn-I-S-¡p¶ t_m[-]qÀh-apÅ at\m-
`mh krjvSn-bmbn am{Xsa Ahn-izm-k-
- n ¯n\v \ne-\n¡p-hm³ Ign-bq. aX-
(2) ¯nsâ Hcp D-Â]¶-ambn hnizm-ks¯
ImWp-¶X - n\p ]I-cw, a\pjy a\-Ên-sâ-
Xs¶ Hcp kzm`m-hnI ^e-ambn ImWp-
- Ä ¶-h-bmWv- ]T-\-§Ä.- hnizm-k-¯nsâ
\oXo-I-c-W-¯n\p ssZh-im-kv{X-§-fpw
ssZhhnÚm- \ o- b - § fpw \ÂIp¶
\ymbo-I-c-W-§-fà a\x-im-kv{Xhpw
`uXn-I-]-T-\-§fpw \ÂIp-¶-Xv. ssZh
hnÚm-\o-b§ - f - psS am\-ZÞ - § - Ä hn`n-
¶-§f - m-W.v imkv{Xw \nXy-Po-hn-Xh - p-ambn
_Ô-s¸« hnj-b-§fpw a\p-jysâ
hyàn-]c - hpw hnIm-k] - c- h
- p-amb {]iv\-
§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« hnj-b§ - f - pamWp
NÀ¨ sN¿p-¶-Xv. Cu ]T-\-ta-J-e-IÄ
X½n-epÅ hyXym-khpw `n¶-X-Ifpw
hnizm-k-¯n-sâbpw Ahn-izm-k-¯n-sâ
bpw D]-bp-àambn _Ô-s¸« NÀ¨-I-
fnepw kzm[o-\n-¡pI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv.
C¯-c-samcp kzm[o-\-¯nsâ ^e-am-bn-
«m-W,v hnizm-kþ- A - h - n-izmk at\m-`m-h¯ - n
sâ sshhn-[y-§Ä hyàn-Po-hn-X-hp-am
bn _Ô-s¸«p hni-I-e\w sN¿-s¸-Sp-
¶Xpw hkvXp-\n-jvTX - b
- psS ASn-Øm-\-
¯n NÀ¨-sN-¿s - ¸-Sp-¶X - pw. B[p-\nI-
a-\p-jysâ Pohn-X-¯n hnizm-khpw
Ahn-izm-khpw GXp coXn-bn {]Xn-^-
en-¡p¶p F¶-Xnsâ ASn-Øm-\-¯n-
emWv Ah-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸« NÀ¨-IÄ
C¶p \S-¡p-¶-Xv. F¶m hnizm-k-
¯nbpw Ahn-izm-k-¯n-sâbpw LS-\m-
]-c-amb sshhn-[y-§Ä Btem-N-\-¡p-
hn-t[-ba- m-¡s - ¸-Sp¶ ]T-\§ - Ä C¯cw
NÀ¨-I-fn \n¶pw thdn«p \n¡p¶p
F¶p ImWmw. a\p-jysâ hfÀ¨-bv¡n-
(3)
b-tam, hkvXp-\n-jvTÚ
- m-\¯
- nsâ ]n³ ¨-¯n hnizm-khpw Ahn-izm-khpw
S-bn Dcp-¯n-cn-bp¶ kl-P-amb Ah- _-e-¯n-eqsS Ønco-I-cWw t\Sn-sbSp X½n-epÅ ASn-Øm-\] - c
- a- mb hyXym-k-
t_m-[§ - f - psS XpSÀ¨-bm-bmWv hnizmkw ¡p¶tXm AÃ. a\p-jysâ _p²n, a §-fpsS Hcp ]«nI Xb-m-dm-¡p-I-bm-sW-
BhnÀ`-hn-¡p-¶-Xv. {]Ir-Xn, Pohn-Xw, t\m-`m-hw, sshÚm-\n-I-X, Bi-b-]c- ¦n AXp Xmsg ]d-bpw-hn-[-am-bn-cn
a\p-jym-hØ - I - Ä F¶n-hs - b-¡p-dn-s¨-Ãm- amb At\z-jW - § - Ä F¶n-hb
- psS shfn- ¡pw :
(6)

apÅ Bghpw ]c-¸p-apÅ ]T-\-§-fnepw

X¯-zN - n-´b - nepw GÀs]-Sp-¶X - n\p ap¼p-
Xs¶ hnizmkw D­m-Ip¶p F¶-Xn- hnizmkw Ahn-izmkw
\m a\p-jysâ t_m[-]qÀh-amb sXc- 1. kl-Phpw kzm`m-hn-I-hp-ambn 1. t_m[-]qÀh-amb ]cn-{i-a-¯n-eqsS
sª-Sp-¸nsâ ^e-aà hnizmkw,- AXn D­m-bn-cp-¶p. D­m-Ip-¶p.
sâ BhnÀ`mh L«-¯nÂ. F¶m ]n
2. Adn-hv, A\p-`-hw, Ah-t_m-[-§Ä 2. Adnhv A\p-`hw Ah-t_m[w
¶oSv- F{Xtbm hn`n-¶-amb a\p-jym-h-
F¶n-h-bn-eqsS hfÀ¶phcp-¶p. F¶nh Hcp kzm[o-\hpw sNep-¯p-
Ø-I-fn-eqsS IS-¶p-t]m-Ip¶XneqsS
¶n-Ã.
hnizm-k-¯n\p \oXo-I-cWw \ÂIp¶
\nc-h[n LS-I-§Ä hyàn-IÄ BÀP-n- 3. {Iam-\p-K-X-ambn ]Iz-Xbpw 3. F¶pw Htc Ah-Ø-bn \ne
¡p-¶p-­v. hnizmkw AXnsâ BhnÀ`m ]mI-Xbpw BÀPn¨p apt¶-dp-hm³ \n¡p-¶-Xn-\m hnIm-k- ]-cn-Wm-a-
h L«-¯n a\p-jy-a\ - Ê
- n D­m-Ip¶ km[y-Xb - p-­v. -§-fn-Ã.
AXo-Xt- _m-[w, {]Ir-Xym-Xo-Xa- mb Bi- 4. krjvSn-]-c-amb Bi-b-§Ä¡v 4. krjvSn-]-cX Xosc-bn-Ãm¯ \nÀPo
b-§Ä F¶n-hs - b-bmWv {]Xn-^e - n-¸n-¡p- ]Ým-¯e - a- m-Ip¶p -hX ]peÀ¯p-¶p.
¶-Xv. F¶m ]n¶oSp BÀP-nX LSI 5. Pohn-Xs¯ KpW-]-c-ambn 5. Pohn-X-¯n Hcp-Xcw kzm[o-\hpw
§-fpsS klm-b-t¯m-Sp-IqSn Ah hyh- kzm[o-\n-¡p-¶p. sNep-¯p-¶n-Ã.
Øm-]n-X-amb Hcp LS-\-bmbn hnI-kn-
¡p-¶p-þ -\n-b-Xhpw IrXy-hp-amb H¶n- 6. aX-¯n-sâbpw [mÀan-I-X-bp-sSbpw 6. H¶n-sâbpw ASn-¯-d-bmbn
epÅ Hcp iàn-bnepw ØnXn hnti-j- ASn-¯-d-bmbn hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p. hÀ¯n-¡m-\pÅ Bi-b-`-{Z-X-bn-Ã.
¯n-ep-apÅ hnizm-k-ambn hf-cp-Ibpw 7. aX-¯n-sâbpw aqey-§-fp-sSbpw 7. Ahn-izm-ks¯ aXhpw aqey
ssZh-hn-izm-k-¯nsâ LS\ BÀP-n-¡p- ]n´p-Wb - p­v §fpw ]n´p-W-¡p-¶n-Ã.
I-bp-amWp sN¿p-¶-sX¶v ]T-\-§Ä 8. Pohn-X-¯n\v e£yhpw amÀKhpw 8. PohnX¯n\v H¶pw kw`m-h\
sXfn-bn-¨n-«p-­.v a\pjy\n kl-Phpw-
(4)
\ÂIp¶ am\-k-nI iàn-bmbn sN¿p-¶n-Ã.
kzm`m-hn-Ih - p-ambn BhnÀ`-hn-¡p¶ ioe- hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p.
§fpw Nn´m-KX - n-Ifpw hnI-kn-¡p-Ibpw 9. AÀY-h-¯mb Nn´-IÄ¡pw 9. hyàn-Isf \njvIÀa,- -\n-Ýn´m
hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb Adn-hn-sâbpw Ah- At\z-jW - § - Ä¡pw t{]c-Wb - m-Ip-¶p. at\m-`m-h-¯n Xf-¨n-Sp-¶p.
t_m-[¯ - n-sâbpw ]n³_-et- ¯msS kar
²-amhp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv 10. imkv{X-¯n-sâbpw am\-hn-Im-h- 10. A¯cw Hcp ]n´pW e`n-¡p-¶n-
hnizm-k¯ - nsâ Imcy-¯nepw kw`-hn-¡p- t_m-[-§-fp-sSbpw ]n´p-W-bp-­v. Ã.
¶Xv F¶ \nco-£-W-¯n\v ]T-\-§Ä 11. Pohn-X-hr-¯-¯n\p ]qÀW-amb 11. Pohn-X-hr¯w Hc-]qÀW-Xb-mbn
]cn-K-W\ \ÂIp-¶p-­v. {Iam-\p-K-X-
(5) Hcp hncm-aw -\nÀtZ-in-¡p-¶p. A\p-`-h-s¸-Sp-¶p.
ambn Dcp-¯n-cn-bp¶ LS-I§ - f
- psS klm- 12. ka-{Khpw bpàn-]-c-hp-amb 12. Pohn-X-þ-{]-Ir-Xn-þ-{]-]-© -t_m-[-
b-t¯msS hnizm-k-¯nsâ at\m-`mhw Pohn-Xþ- {- ]-Ir-Xn-þ{- ]-]©
- t- _m-[¯
- nsâ ¯n kzm[o\w sNep-¯p-¶n-Ã.
hf-cp-Ibpw ]cnWan¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. ASn-¯-d-bmbn hÀ¯n-¨p-sIm-­n-cn-
F¶m Ahn-izm-k¯ - nsâ Imcy-¯n ¡p-¶p.
C¯cw Hcp km[yX \ne-\n¡p-Itbm 13. a\p-jy- \n-e-\nÂ]nsâ Zpcq-l-X-I 13. a\p-jy-\n-e-\nÂ]nsâ Zpcq-l-X-
Dcp-¯n-cn-bp-Itbm sN¿p-¶n-Ã. Ahnizm Ä¡pw ]cn-lmcw \ÂIp¶ Nn´m-K-Xn- IÄ Zpcq-l-X-IÄ am{X-ambn Ah-ti-
kw kl-Pa- Ã - m-¯X - p-t]m-se-¯s¶ AXp IÄ DÂ]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-¶p. jn-¡p-¶p.-
{Iam-\p-K-X-amb ]cn-Wm-a-¯n\p hnt[-

{]Ir-Xn, Pohn-Xw, a\p-jym-h-Ø-IÄ F¶n-h-sb-¡p-dn-s¨-Ãm-apÅ Bghpw ]c-¸p-apÅ ]T-\-§-fnepw

X¯-z-Nn-´-bnepw GÀs]-Sp-¶-Xn\p ap¼p-Xs¶ hnizmkw D­m-Ip¶p F¶-Xn-\m a\p-jysâ
t_m[-]qÀh-amb sXc-sª-Sp-¸nsâ ^e-aà hnizmkw,- AXnsâ BhnÀ`mhL«-¯nÂ.

2007 G-{]n-Â- 21
Ahn-izm-k¯
- nsâ Bib {]Xn-k-
Ôn-IÄ
hnizm-k¯- nsâ kl-Pa- mb at\m-`m-
h- io-e§
- Ä¡p hncp-²a- mbn hyàn-IÄ
t_m[-]qÀhw hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡p-¶X - mWv
Ahn-izm-k-sa-¶-Xv. hnizmkw F¶Xp
km[m-c-Whpw kmam-\y-hp-amb AÀY-
¯n Cuiz-c- hn-izm-k-am-Wv. hymh-lm-
cn-Ihpw `mjm]c-hp-amb XmÂ]cy-§Ä
ap³\nÀ¯n hnizmkw aäp- ]-Z-§-tfmSpw
Bi-b-§-tfmSpw hkvXp-¡-tfmSpw tNÀ
¯v- D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p. Cuizc hnizm-k-
sa¶p tIh-emÀY-¯n hnh-£n-¡-s¸-
Sp¶ hnizmkamWp kl-P-am-bn-«p-Å-Xv.
Xsâ BhnÀ`m-hw, Pohn-Xw, Pohn-X-¯n
\p ]n¶nse cl-ky-§Ä PohnX {]iv\-
§-fnse ka-ky-IÄ F¶n-hs - b-¡p- d- n¨p
Nn´n-¨p-sIm-­mWv Nne hyàn-IÄ
hnizm-kn-I-fm-bn-¯o-cp-¶-Xv. _p²n-bp-d-
¡p-Ibpw Nn´m-tijn {]tbm-Kn¨p XpS-
§p- I bpw sN¿p¶ ssii- h - ¯ nsâ
\mfp-I-fnÂXs¶ a\-Ên cq]-sa-Sp-
¡p¶ hnizmkw ssZhm-kvXn-Iy-hp-ambn
_Ô-s¸« t_m[-am-Wv. CXv hfÀ¶p
hnI-kn¨v Bi-b-§Ä, aqey-Nn-´-IÄ,
aX-]-c-amb ho£-W-§Ä F¶n-h-bpsS
klm-b-t¯msS hn]p-eo-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-
Ibpw hyànPohn-X-¯n kzm[o\w
sNep- ¯ p¶ am\- k nI iàn- b mbn
hÀ¯n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. F¶m Cu
kzm`m-hn-I-amb coXn¡pw amÀK-¯n\pw
FXn-cmWv hnizmk at\m-`m-h-¯nÂ
\n¶v Ahn-izmk at\m-`m-h¯ - n-te-¡pÅ
hyàn-I-fpsS ]cn-hÀ¯-\-§Ä.- a\-Ên-
s\bpw Nn´-sbbpw AXnsâ kl-Phpw
kzm`m-hn-Ih
- p-amb coXn-bnepw hgn-bnepw
apt¼m«p t]mIp-hm³ A\p-h-Zn-¡msX
hyàn-IÄ t_m[-]qÀhw kzoI-cn-¡p¶
at\m-`mhw F¶ \ne-bn Ahn-izm-k-
¯n\v AXn-sâ-Xmb \nc-h[n {]iv\
k¦oÀWX-I-fp-­v. ""Ahn-izm-kn-IÄ
Bbn-¯o-cp-I-bmWv F¦n hnizm-kn-I
Ä D­m-bn-¯o-cp-I-bmWv''- F¶v ss{I
ss{IkvXh ]Ým-¯-e-¯n P\n¨p hfÀ¶ Ht«sd {]apJ hyàn-Xz-§Ä hnizm-k-¯nsâ adp-h-i-t¯¡v
]n¶oSp \o§n \
- n-¶X
- mbn Ah-cpsS Pohn-Xt- c-JI
_À{Sm³-dv- d-Ê-Â, slanwKvth, entbmtSmÄtÌmbv XpS-§nb t]cp-IÄ DZm-l-c-W-am-sb-Sp-¡mw.
2007 G-{]n-Â-
kvXh ssZh-imkv{X Nn´-I-\m-bn-cp¶
amÀkz-eot\m Xsâ Hcp IrXn-bn ]d-
bp-¶p-­v . Ahn-izmkw hnizm-ks¯
(7)
At]-£n¨v t_m[-]qÀh-Ia- mb Hcp ]cn-
{i-a¯
- n-eqsS Dcp-¯n-cn-bp-¶p F¶-Xn-\m-
emWv hnizm-kn-IÄ kl-ambn BhnÀ`-
hn-¡p-t¼mÄ Ahn-izm-kn-IÄ \nÀ_-Ô-
]qÀhw Bbn-¯o-cp-¶h - c- mWv F¶p hnh-
£n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. kl-P-amb BhnÀ`m-
hhpw Ir{Xn-a-amb Bbn-¯o-c-ep-Ifpw
X½n-epÅ `n¶X hfsc hep-Xm-Wv.
hyànIfpsS A\p-`-h-§-fp-sSbpw
tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯-ep-I-fp-sSbpw ASn-Øm-\-
¯n -Nn-´n-¡p-t¼mÄ Ahn-izm-kn-I-fm-
bn-¯o-cp-¶X - n\p ]e-Im-cW - §
- Ä It­-
¡mw. {KÙ-§f - p-sSbpw tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯e
I-fp-sSbpw ASn-kvY-m-\-¯n A¯cw
Imc-W§ - sf C{]-Imcw ImWm-hp-¶X
1).- hfÀ¶p-hn-Ik - n-¡p¶ _p²n-bpsS
shfn-¨-¯n hyàn-IÄ kz´w at\m-
\n-eI- sf ]p\x-]c- n-tim-[n-¡p-t¼mÄ D­m
-Ip¶ hyXn-bm\ Nn´-IÄ hnI-kn-¸n¨v
Ahn-izm-k¯ - n F¯n-t¨-cp-¶X
2).- P\n¨p hf-cp¶ kml-Nc - y-§f
\n¶p e`y-am-Ip¶ hnizm-k-¯nsâ km
[y-X-I-sfbpw bpàn-I-sfbpw kz´w
Adn-hp-I-fp-sSbpw A\p-`-h-§-fp-sSbpw
shfn-¨-¯n hyàn-IÄ Xnc-kvI-cn-¡p-
¶-Xnsâ ^e-ambn Ahn-izm-kw D­m-
Ip-¶p;- hyàn-IÄ AhnizmknIfmbn
¯ocp-¶p.
3).- imkv{Xw, imkv{Xm-[n-jvTnX ]T-
\-§Ä F¶n-h-bpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ
hyàn-IÄ Ah-ew-_n-¡p¶ t_m[-]-c-
amb kao-]-\-§Ä \ntj-[m-ß-I-am-Ip-
t¼mÄ Ahn-izmkw P\n-¡p-¶p.
4).- ]T-\§ - f
- p-sSbpw a\-\§ - f - p-sSbpw
ASn-Øm-\¯ - n kz´w hnizm-k§
]p\x-]c - n-tim-[n-¡p-hm³ hyàn-IÄ Hcp-
§p-I-bpw, kz´w hnizm-k-¯n\v FXn-
cmb Is­-¯-ep-IÄ kw`-hn-¡p-Ibpw
sN¿p-t¼mgpw hyàn-IÄ Ahn-izm-kn-I-
- f
- n \n¶pw {Kln-¡m³ Ign-bpw. bm³ t]mÄ kmÀ{Xv-,
22
fmbn amdp-¶p.
5).- aX-¯n-sâepw hnizmk ]²-Xn-
I-fp-sS-bpw Abp-àn-I-h-i-§Ä Xncn-¨-
dn-bp-t¼mÄ Nne hyàn-IÄ hnizm-k-
¯n \n¶p ]n´n-cn-bp-¶p.
6).- {]]-©-s¯bpw Po-hn-X-s¯bpw
kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ Nn´-I-fn-eqsS kXyw
Is­-¯p-hm³ Ign-bmsX hcp¶ _u
²nIamb {]Xn-kÔ - n-If - n \n¶pw Ahn-
izmkw cq]w sImÅm-dp-­v.
7).- hyà-amb amÀK-ZÀi-\-¯nsâ
ASn-Øm-\-¯n hyàn-I F¯n-t¨-
cp¶ hnizm-k-]-c-amb kao-]-\-§-fpsS
Xncn-¨-Sn-IÄ F¶ \ne-bn BhnÀ`-hn-
¡p-¶- {]iv\§Ä hyàn-Isf Ahn-izm-
- p-
kn-I-fm¡n ]cn-hÀ¯\w sN¿m-dp-­v.
Ch-b{- Xbpw km[m-cW Pohn-X¯ - n Im
- m-W:v -
Wp-¶h - bpw XnI¨pw km[m-cW - § - f
- p-amb
Imc-W§ - f
- m-W.v hnizm-k¯ - n \n¶v- Ahn
izmk¯n-te-¡pÅ amä-¯nsâ BXy-´n-
I-amb Imc-W{- I-a§ - Ä At\z-jn-t¡­
Xv hyàn-If - psS a\-Êp-If - n Xs¶-bmWv. (8)
- m-Wv.
ss{IkvXh ]Ým-¯e - ¯
- n P\n¨p
- n hfÀ¶ Ht«sd {]apJ hyàn-Xz-§Ä
hnizm-k-¯nsâ adp-h-i-t¯¡v ]n¶oSp
\o§n-\n-¶-Xmbn Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-tc-J-
I-fn \n¶pw {Kln-¡m³ Ign-bpw. bm³
t]mÄkmÀ{Xv,- _À{Sm³-dv- d-ÊÂ - , slanw
Kvth, entbmtSmÄtÌmbv XpS-§nb t]cp-
IÄ DZm-lc - W
- a- m-sb-Sp-¡mw. ss{IkvXh - -
_meyw AXy-[nIw ck-Ic- § - f - mb A\p-
`-h-§-fp-sS-Xm-Wv. bmYm-Øn-Xn-I-amb
hnizmk ]Ým-¯e - ¯
- n P\n¨p Pohn
¨ AhÀ¡v Ah-cpsS hnizm-khpw kmaq-
ln-Iþ-KmÀlnI Pohn-Xhpw X½n-epÅ
s]mcp-¯-t¡-Sn-sâ-bpw,- hnizmkw Pohn-
Xm-\p-`-h-§-fn \n¶v hgn-]n-cnªp \S-
- sf ¡p¶Xnsâbpw \nc-h[n ]mT-§Ä Pohn-
X-¯nÂ\n¶v ]Tn-t¡­n h¶n-«p-­v.
_mey-Im-e¯v Krlm-´-co-£-¯nÂ
\n¶p a\-Ên Ib-dn-¡-q-Snb hnizm-k-
hpw, ]n¶oSp thZm-[n-jT v n-Xa- mb aX-t_m-
[-¯n-eq-sS- e-`n-¡p¶ Nn{X-§fpw X½n-
epÅ sshcp-[y-§Ä Nn´m-ti-jn-bpÅ
C¯cw {]Xn-`-Isf ]p\-cm-tem-N\IÄ
¡v t{]cn-¸n-¡pI kzm`m-hn-Ia- mWv.- aX- (9)
]-ca- mb KmÀln-Im-´c - o-£¯ - nsâ XS-hp-
Im-cpw ssiihw a\-Ên \nt£-]n¨
aqV-[m-c-W-I-fpsS ASn-a-I-fp-am-ImsX
ChÀ Cd-§n-s¨-Ãp-¶Xv imkv{Xhpw
bpàn-Nn-´bpw am\-hn-I-t_m-[-§fpw
Bib sshhn-[y-§fpw \ndª hnim-
e-tem-I-¯n-te-¡m-Wv. Cu ]pXnb tem
Iw a\-Ên \nt£-]n-¡p¶ ]pXnb
Nn´-If - pw, imkv{Xw sNep-¯p¶ kzm[o-
\hpw Ch-cpsS ImgvN¸ - m-Sp-Isf amän-¯n-
cp-¯p-¶p. ]mc-¼-cy-[m-c-W-Isf \ntj-
[n-¡p¶ ]pXnb ho£-W-§Ä IS¶p
hcp-t¼mÄ Ah-sb-¡-p-dn¨v Nn´n-¡pI
F¶Xv kl-Pa- mbn kw`-hn-¡p¶ Imcy-
am-Wv. C¯cw amä-§fpw Nn´-Ifpw
hnizm-k-¯nsâ hnhn[ LS-I-§sf
AÂ]mÂ]-ambn CÃm-sX-bm-¡n-s¡-m­ - n-
cn-¡p-I-bpw XpSÀ¨-bmbn kw`-hn-¡p¶
Cu hnizmk inYn-eo-I-c-Ww, Ahn-izm-
k-¯nsâ Hcp BsI-¯p-I-bmbn Ah-
km-\n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. a\-Ên kzcp-
¡-q-Sn-bn-cp¶ ]qÀh-Ime Ah-t_m-[-
§sf adn-I-S-¡p¶ ]pXn-b-Xcw Adn-hp-
IÄ hnizm-k-]-c-amb LS-I-§-fpsS \n
t£-]§ - sf AÂ]mÂ]ambn {Zhn¸n-¨p-
sIm-­n-cn-¡p¶ A\p-`hw ]e kzX{´
Nn´-Ic - p-sSbpw Pohn-X¯ - n D­m-bn-«p-
Å-Xm-bn -Im-Wmw. bm³t]mÄ kmÀ{Xv-,
Xsâ _mey-s¯bpw hnizm-k-]-c-amb
]cn-hÀ¯-\-s¯bpw Ipdn¨p ]d-bp¶
Imcy-§Ä {it²-b§ - f - m-Wv. At±-l¯ - n
sâXmbn- h¶ Hcp A`n-{]m-b- {]-I-S\w
C{]-Im-c-amWv: ""hfsc am\p-jnI KpW-
§Ä DÅ-h-\pw kvt\l-hm-\p-amb Hcp
ssZh-s¯-¡-p-dn-¨mWv Rm³ Fsâ _m
ey-¯n tIÄ¡pIbpw a\-Ên-em-¡p-
Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-¶X - v. B ImgvN¸ - mSv- G
Xm­v Hcp \Ã ]nXm-hn-sâtbm kvt\l-
hm-\mb Ab¡m-c-sâtbm KpW-Imw-
C¯cw amä-§fpw Nn´-Ifpw hnizm-k¯
- nsâ hnhn[ LS-I§
s¡-m-­n-cn-¡p-I-bpw XpSÀ¨-bmbn kw`-hn-¡p¶ Cu hnizmk inYn-eo-I-c-Ww, Ahn-izm-k-¯nsâ Hcp
BsI-¯p-I-bmbn Ah-km-\n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.
2007 G-{]n-Â-
£n-bmb Nn{X-¯n-sâtbm Bbn-cp-¶p.
F¶m hf-cpw-tXmdpw A¯cw Hcp k¦
Â]¯nepw ImgvN¸ - m-Sn-ep-apÅ hnizmkw
AÂ-]mÂ]-ambn F\n¡p \jvS-s¸-«p-
sIm-­n-cp-¶p. Fsâ _p²nbpw Nn´
bpw hnI-kn-¡pw-tXmdpw Rm³ a\-Ên-em-
¡n-sh-¨n-cp¶ ssZh-¯nepw iàn-bn-ep-
apÅ Fsâ Nn´bpw B{i-bt- _m-[hpw
\jvS-s¸-«p-sIm-­n-cp-¶p. bpàn-]-c-a-Ãm
¯ Hcp aqVm-he - w-_a- mWv Fsâ _mey-
Ime hnizm-kzm-h-t_m[w F¶ -X-c-¯n
 ]Xps¡ ]Xps¡ Fs¶ Nne FXn
À Nn´-IÄ kzm[o-\n¨p XpS-§n.''
""ssZhhpw hnizm-khpw t]dn-s¡-m-
­pÅ Pohn-X-¯n\v- F´ÀY-am-Wp-Å-
sX¶v Fsâ bpànt_m[w Ft¶mSp
tNmZn¨p XpS-§n-bt- ¸m-gmWv Rm³ thZm-
[n-jT v n-Xa- mb ]T-\¯ - n-eqsS hnizm-k¯ - n-
sâbpw ssZh-¯n-sâbpw bmYmÀYy-§Ä
Adn-b-W-sa¶p Nn´n-¨-Xv. Rm³ hniz-
kn-¡p¶ AtX ssZhw Xs¶-bmtWm
Fsâ thZ-¯n Pohn-¡p-¶Xv F¶mWv
{][m-\-ambpw F\n¡v Adn-tb-­n-bn-cp-
¶-X.v F¶m Ipcn-in acn¨ Hcp ssZh-
s¯-¡p- d- n-¨pw, B ac-W¯ - nsâ klXm-
]-ap-WÀ¯p¶ hnh-c-W-§-sf-¡-p-dn¨pw
Fsâ _mey-¯n F\n¡p tIÄ¡m-
\n-S-bm-bn-«n-ÃtÃm F¶pw, ]Icw Rm³
tI«-X-{Xbpw s]m§-¨-¡m-c\pw hen-b-
h\pw ho¼p-]d- b - p-¶h - \- p-amb ssZh-s¯-
¡-p-dn-¨m-WtÃm F\n¡p _mey-¯nÂ
tIÄ¡m\n-Sb - m-bXv F¶pw Xncn-¨d- n-bm³
km[n-¨Xv Hcp hen-bI - mcyw Xs¶-bm-bn-
cp-¶p. Cu Xncn-¨-dnhv Fsâ Nn´m-K-Xn-
I-sfbpw Bi-b-§-sfbpw hÃmsX Cf
¡n adn-¨p. ss__nÄ ]d-bp¶ {]Im-
c-apÅ Hcp ssZhhpw ss{IkvXh IpSpw-
_- ]-Ým-¯-e-¯n hnh-cWw \ÂI-
s¸-Sp¶ Hcp ssZhhpw X½n-epÅ A]-
I-S-I-c-amb A´cw Fsâ {]mc-W-I-
sfbpw hnizm-k-§-sfbpw hÃmsX tNm
Zyw sNbvXp XpS-§n-bt- Xm-sS-bmWp Rm³
Ahn-izmkw Xnc-sª-Sp-¯Xv''.- (10)
- sf AÂ]mÂ]-ambn CÃm-sX-bm-¡n-
23
CXn\p kam- \ - a mb {]iv \ - § Ä
Xs¶-bmWv _À{Smâ v- dÊ-en\pw ]d-bm-
\p-­m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. {Inkv-X-ym\n-än-sb-¡-p-
dn¨v ASn-Øm-\-]-c-§-fmb ]e-tNm-Zy-
§fpw D¶-bn-¨n-«pÅ dÊÂ ""Rm³ Hcp
{InkvXym-\n-bm-Im-Xn-cn-¡p-¶Xv hyà-am-
bI - m-cW - § - f- p­v'' F¶p hyà-am-¡pI
IqSn sNbvXp. At±lw BZyw Dt]-£n-
¨Xv Xsâ ss{IkvXh hnizm-k-am-Wv.
F¶m ]n¶o-S-t±lw hnizmkw F¶
LSIw Xs¶ ]qÀW-ambpw XÅn-¡f - b
- p-
I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. Cu {Iam-\p-K-X-amb
hnizmk \ncm-Ic - W
- ¯ - nsâ Imc-W§ - Ä
At±lw hyà-am-¡n-bXv C{]-Im-ca- m-bn-
cp¶p:
""ss{IkvXh hnizm-ka- mWv `qan-bnÂ
Gähpw anI-¨s - X-¶m-bn-cp¶p Rm³ [cn-
¨n-cp-¶X - .v Gähpw anI¨ hnizmkw Xs¶
A_-²-amWv F¶p hcp-In aäp hnizm-
k-§f - psS Imcy-¯n Nn´n-t¡-­X - nÃ
F¶p F\n-¡p-tXm-¶n. F¶m ""ss{Ikv
Xhw'' F¶ kz`mhw amän-\nÀ¯n-bmÂ
Xs¶bpw hnizm-kw-þs - sZhw F¶n-§s\
Nne LS-I-§Ä Fsâ a\-Ên ià-
am-bn-¯s¶ \ne-\n-¶p. hnizm-k¯ - nsâ
Imcy-¯n ]qÀW-amb Hcp ]n´n-cn-b-
en\v Fsâ a\Êv Fs¶ A\p-h-Zn-¡m-
Xn-cn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. F¶m ]n¶oSv
Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-§fpw ImgvN-¸m-Sp-Ifpw
amdn-am-dn-h-¶-t¸mÄ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw
hnizm-ks - a¶ Bi-b¯ - n\p Xs¶ {]k-
àn-bn-Ãm-Xm-bn-¯o-cp-¶-XmWv a\pjy
Pohn-X-sa¶p Rm³ a\-Ên-em¡n''.- (11)
{InkvXym-\n-bm-Im-Xn-cn-¡p-¶X - n-\pÅ
Imc-W§ - Ä \nc-¯p¶ _À{Smâ v dÊÂ
bYmÀY-¯n Xm³ Hcp hnizm-kn-bm-Im-
Xn-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Xtâ-Xmb \ymbo-I-
c-W-§Ä temI-¯n\p ap¶n kaÀ¸n-
¡p-Ib - mWv sNbvXX - .v ss{IkvXh hnizm-
k-¯nsâ Abp-àn-bpw _p²n-iq-\y-X-
bpw Bi-b-cm-ln-Xyhpw Xs¶-bmWv
At±-l-¯n\p {][m-\-ambpw ]d-bm-\p-
­m-bn-cp-¶X - v. ""Xsâ _mey-¯n X¶n
Â ss{IkvXh hnizmkw kzm[o\w sN
ep-¯p-Ibpw ]n¶oSv B hn-izmkw CÃm
Xm-bn-¯o-cp-Ibpw kw`-hn-¨n-cp-¶n-sÃ-¦nÂ
Xm³ Hcp-]t£,- icn-bmb Hco-iz-ch - n-izm-
kn-bm-bn-¯s¶ ]n¡me-§f - nepw Pohn-
¨n-cp-t¶¡mw'' F¶n-§s\ ss{IkvXh
hnizm-k¯ - nsâ D³aqe-\¯ - n-eqsS kw`-
hn¨ Xsâ Ahn-izm-km-[n-jvTn-Xa- mb ]p
\ÀP·w At±lw hyà-am-¡n-bn-«p-­v.
hyàn-a\ - Ê
- p-If - nse hnizm-k] - c- a- mb
ap³hn-[n-Isf XIÀ¯p-sIm-­mWv Ahn-
izm-khpw bpàn-t_m-[hpw bpàn-Nn-
´bpw a\-Êp-If - n tNt¡-dp-¶Xpw IS-
¶p-sN-Ãp-¶-Xpw. aX-]-c-hpw hnizm-k-]-
c-hp-amb kml-N-cy-§Ä Hmtcm hyàn-
bp-sSbpw Imcy-¯n `n-¶§ - f
- m-bn-cn¡pw.-
C¯cw `n¶ kml-N-cy-§-sfbpw LS-
I-§-sfbpw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn¨v hfÀ¶p
hnI-kn-¡p¶ hnizm-khpw Ah-t_m-[-
§fpw Ah-bpsS kz´w LS-\-bnÂ
\oXn-]qÀh-Ihpw bpàn-]-chpw KpW-]-
c-hp-a-sÃ-¦n Ah- Xs¶ Ahn-izm-k-
¯nsâ Imc-W§ - f - mbn amdn F¶p-hc - mw.
c£-I-\mb Hcp ssZh-¯n-epÅ hnizm-
k-¯n-\mWv ss{IkvXh KmÀln-Im-´c - o-
£-¯n {]m[m-\yhpw ]cn-K-W-\bpw
\ÂI-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. ]n©p a\-Êp-Isf
kzm[o-\n-¡m-hp¶ ]e-Xcw sI«p-IY - I- Ä
Cu hnizm-ks¯ Npän-¸än hnX-cWw
sN¿-s¸-Sp-¶p. c£I ssZh-¯n-epÅ
hnizmkw Du«n-bp-d¸ - n-¡m-\mbn ]d-bp¶
IY-IÄ, ]nÂIm-e¯v thZ-]-cn-Úm-\-
¯nsâ shfn-¨¯ - n \ncm-Ic- n-¡s - ¸-Sp¶
A\p-`hw ss{IkvXh IpSpw-_-§-fnÂ
P\n-¨p -h-fÀ¶ ]e hyàn-I-fp-sSbpw
Pohn-X¯ - n D­m-bn-«p-­.v - A-XpsIm­p-
X-s¶-bmWv ss{IkvXh aX-ka- q-l¯ - nÂ
\n¶mWv Gähpw IqSp-XÂ aX-\n-cm-I-c-
W-hm-Zn-I-fpw \nco-izc hm-Zn-I-fpw- D-
­mbn«pÅ-Xv. hnizm-khpw Ahn-izm-k-
hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« NÀ¨-I-fn-seÃmw
ss{IkvXh ssZh-im-kv{Xw, hnizm-kw,
kmaq-lnI Pohn-Xw, sshb-àn-Im-\p-`-
ss{IkvXh hnizmk ]Ým-¯ew F§-s\-bmWv Ahn-izm-k-¯n\pw \mkvXn-I-Xbv¡pw Imc-W-am-bn-¯o-cp-¶Xv
F¶Xp kw_-Ôn¨p \ÂI-s¸-«n-«pÅ hnh-c-W-§Ä \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. Ahsb hni-I-e\ hnt[-b-am-¡p-t¼mÄ
Is­¯p¶ hkv Xp-X-Isf C{]-Imcw t{i-W-oI-cn-¡m-hp-¶-XmWv:
§Ä F¶n-h-sb-¡-p-dn-¨pÅ ]cm-aÀi-
§Ä IS-¶p-hc- p-¶Xv \mkvXn-IX - s- bbpw
Ahn-izm-ks - ¯bpw hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡p¶
\nc-h[n LS-I-§Ä ss{IkvX-h-X-bnÂ
D­v F¶-Xp-sIm-­m-Wv. \mkvXn-Ia- mb
Nn´m-[m-c-bpsS Bi-b-§sf iàn-s¸-
Sp-¯p¶ BkvXnI aqey-§Ä {InkvXp-
a-X-¯n-ep­v F¶v Nne Nn´-IÀ ]d-
(12)
bp-¶Xv taÂ]-dª AÀY-¯n-emWv . (13)
ss{IkvXh hnizmk ]Ým-¯ew F§-
s\-bmWv Ahn-izm-k-¯n\pw \mkvXn-I-
Xbv¡pw Imc-Wa- m-bn-¯o-cp-¶Xv F¶Xp
kw_-Ôn¨p \ÂI-s¸-«n-«pÅ hnh-c-W-
§Ä \nc-h[ - n-bm-Wv. Ahsb hni-Ie - \
hnt[-b-am-¡p-t¼mÄ Is­¯p¶ hkv
Xp-XI- sf C{]-Imcw t{i-Wo- I-cn-¡m-hp-¶-
XmWv:--
1).- hnizmkw F¶ at\m-`m-hs¯
{Iam-\p-KX - a- mbn bpàn-]qÀh-w hfÀ¯n-
sb-Sp-¡p-hm³ Bh-iy-amb t_m[\w
ss{IkvX-h-X-bnÂ\n¶p e`n-¡p-¶n-Ã.
2).- ss{IkvXh hnizm-k-¯nsâ Hcp
{][m\ LS-Ia- mb BÄssZh hnizmkw
ssii-h-_m-ey-§-fn Imhy-m-ß-I-amb
Hcp k¦Â]ambn tXm¶p-sa-¦nepw hnI-
kn-¡p¶ bpàn-t_m-[-¯n-\p-ap-¶nÂ
AXn\p \ne-\n¡m³ km[n-¡p-I-bn-
Ã.
3).- {InkvXp-hnsâ hyàn-Xz-hp-ambn
_Ô-s¸« hni-Zo-I-c-W-§-fpw, {InkvXp-
hns\ tI{µo-Ic - n-¡p¶ ssZhn-Ii - à- n-bn-
epÅ hnizm-k-§fpw X½n _p²n-]-c-
amb hfÀ¨m L«-§-fn {]Xn-hÀ¯n-
¡p-¶p.
4).- thZm-\p-kr-Xa- mb Ah-tem-I\ - §- -
fn-eq-sSbpw ]T-\-§-fn-eq-sSbpw Dcp-¯n-
cn-bp¶ Ah-t_m-[§ -- Ä KmÀln-Im-´c - o-
£-¯n \n¶pw aäpw BÀP-n-¡p¶
hnizm-k-§Ä¡v FXn-cm-bn-¯o-cp-Ibpw
A¯cw L«-§f - n c­pw H¶n¨p \ncm-
I-cn-¡p-hm-\pÅ Nn´m-KXn Nne hyàn-
I-fn BhnÀ`-hn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. (14)
2007 G-{]n-Â- 24
Gähpw IqSp-XÂ Ahn-izm-kn-Isf
krjvSn-¨n-«pÅ aX-amWv {InkvXp-a-X-
sa¶v tPm¬ sehnkv ]d-ª-t¸mÄ (15)
It¯m-en-¡m-a-X-amWv Gähpw ISp¯
\nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-Isf D­m-¡n-b-sX¶v
tPmk^v sa¡m-s_bpw ]d-ªn-«p-­v. (16)
hnizm- k - h p- a mbn {]Xn- h À¯n- ¡ p¶
at\m- ` m- h - § - f psS cq]o- I - c - W - ¯ n\v
ss{IkvX-hX Imc-W-am-bn-¯o-cp-I-bpw,
hnizm-k-¯nsâ \oXnbpw bpànbpw
\ntj-[n-¡p¶ {]h-W-X-IÄ ss{IkvX-
h-Xb- n \n¶pw Bcw-`n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-
¶-Xp-sIm-­mWv ap³ ]-dª c­p
bpàn-hmZn Nn´-Icpw A¯-c-samcp
A`n-{]mb {]I-S-\-¯n\p \nÀ_-Ôn-X-
cm-bn-¯oÀ¶-Xv. hnizm-kh - pw ktµ-l§ - -
fpw {]Xym-ibpw \ncm-ibpw X½n-epÅ
at\m-Xe kwLÀj-§Ä¡v ss{IkvXh
hnizm-khpw AXnsâ thZm-[n-jT v n-Xa- mb
hni-Zo-Ic - W
- §- fpw Imc-Wa- m-Ip-¶p- . ]Xn-
s\«,-v ]s¯m³]X,-v Ccp-]Xv- \qäm-­p-
I-fnse ]mÝmXy- \mkvXnI Nn´-Ic- psS
Pohn-Xh - pw, Ah-cpsS hni-Zo-Ic - W- § - fpw
Cu \nco-£-Ws¯ \qdp-i-X-am-\hpw
]n´p-W¡ - p-¶p-­.v ""aX-]c- a- mbn hniz-¡p-
t¼mÄ Xs¶ bpàn-]-c-ambn \ncm-I-cn-
¡m³'' t{]cn-¸n-¡p-¶p ss{IkvX-hX
F¶mWv t]mÄ XnKvs]³ A`n-{]m-bs - ¸-
Sp-¶-Xv. (17)
ssZhw {]Xn-`m-ktam anYytbm?
\mkvXn-IX - b- psS \oXo-Ic- W
- h
- m-Z¯
- n-
\p-th­n imkv{Xw, bpàn-Nn-´, _p²n
]c-amb {]hÀ¯-\§ - Ä F¶n-hs - bÃmw
F¡m-e¯pw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-IÄ D]-tbm-
Kn-¨n-«p-­v. hkvXp-\n-jvT-Xbv-¡p ]pd-
¯pÅ km¦Â]n-I-amb Hcm-i-b-amWp
ssZh-sa¶p hcp-¯n-¯oÀ¡p-hm-\mWv
imkv{X-LS- I - §- f- n NneXv Ah-ew-_n-
¡-s¸-«-sX-¦n-epw, imkv{X-¯nsâ ]n³
_e-¯n-eqsS Øm]n-s¨-Sp-¡m-hp¶ H¶-
à AsX¶v ]ecpw a\-Ên-em-¡n-bn-«p-­v.
hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb Adn-hp-IÄ¡pw Ah-
tem-I-\-§Ä¡pw hg-§m¯ H¶mWv
ssZhhpw hnizm-khpw F¶p hcp-¯n-
¯oÀ¡p-hm³ e£y-an«p imkv{Xs¯
Ah-ew-_n-¨-hÀ IW-¡p-Iq-«nb LS-I-
§Ä Ch-bm-bn-cp-¶p:-
1).- imkv{X-¯nsâ coXn-IÄ hkvXp
\njvT-bn \n£n-]vX-ambXmI-bmÂ
hkvXp-\n-jvT -hn-i-I-e-\-¯n\v hg-§m
¯ ssZhwþ hnizmkw F¶n-hsb hfsc
sbfp¸w a\pjy Nn´-I-fnÂ\n¶v IS-
]p-g¡n Fdn-bm³ Ign-bpw.
2).- a\p-jysâ _p²n-]-chpw `mh\m
]c-hp-amb khn-ti-jX - I
- f
- nÂ\n¶v {Iam-
\p-KX- a- mbn hnI-kn-¨p-h¶ Hcm-ib - s
- a¶
\ne-bn a\pjy _p²n-bpsS Xs¶
asäm-cpÂ]-¶-amb imkv{X-¯n\v AXn-
thKw hnizm-k-s¯bpw ssZh-s¯bpw
adn-I-S-¡p-hm³ Ign-bpw.
3).- hnizm-k-¯n\v hkvXp-\n-jvTamb
hnh-cW - § - f - n-eqsS km[q-Ic - Ww \ÂIm
³ Ign-bmsX hcp¶ kml-Ncyw imkv{X-
¯nsâ taÂt¡mbvabpw hkvXp-\njvT
Úm\-¯nsâ ap³KW-\bpw Ønc-s¸-
Sp-¯p-¶X - m-bn-cn-¡mw.
(18)
F¶m taÂ]-dª {]Xo-£-IÄ
]pe-cp-I-bp-­m-bn-Ã. imkv{X-¯nsâ
klm-bt- ¯msS ssZh-s¯bpw hnizm-k-
s¯bpw IS-¶m-{I-an-¡p-hm³ \S¶ {ia-
§Ä¡v I\¯ Xncn-¨-Sn-bmWp t\cn-«-
Xv. Cu Xncn-¨-Sn-bpsS hnhn[ hi-§Ä
]mÝmXy X¯-z Nn´-Ic- psS IrXn-If - nÂ
NÀ¨-sN-¿-s¸-«n-«p-­v. FdnIvtlm^À X
sâ Hcp IrXn-bn imkv{Xs¯ D]-tbm-
Kn¨v ssZh-hp-ambn CS-s]-Sm³ \mkvXn-
IÀ \S-¯nb {ia-§sf hnti-jn-¸n-¡p-
¶Xv ""\£-{X-§sf he-ho-in-¸n-Sn-¡p-
hm³ Pem-ib - ¯
- n he-sb-dnª ap¡p-
hsâ hnUv-Vn-¯w hnh-cn-¡p¶ ssN\o
kv IY-bpsS B[p-\nI BhÀ¯\w''
F¶mW.-v Cu {ia-¯nsâ Xncn-¨S- n-IÄ
(19)
F¶ \ne-bn At±lw ]d-bp¶ Imcy-
§Ä CÆn-[-amWv:-
1).- a\p-jy³, {]Ir-Xn, {]]©w F
¶n-h- t]mse hkvXp-\n-jT v a- mbn ]cn-tim-
imkv{Xhpw ssZh-hp-am-bpÅ _Ô-¯nsâ AYhm A¯csamcp _Ô-s¸-Sp-¯-ensâ Xncn-¨-Sn-IÄ
F¶ \ne-bn NÀ¨ sN¿-s¸-«h
- b
- mWv taÂ]-dª Imcy-§Ä. F¶m imkv{Xhpw hnizm-khpw X½nÂ
t\À¡p-t\À \n¶p-sIm­v Hcp Bi-b-kw-L-«-\-¯n-sâbpw sshNm-cn-I-amb kwLÀj-¯n-sâbpw
Bh-iy-an-söp hniz-kn-¡p¶ {]Xn-`-IÄ Gsd-bm-Wv.
2007 G-{]n-Â-
[n-¡m-hp¶ LS-I-§Ä¡-¸p-d-t¯¡v
imkv{Xw AXnsâ At\z-jW taJe
hym]n-¸n-¡m-hp-¶-XÃ F¶ Aen-Jn-X-
amb Hcp kXys¯ adn-I-S-¡p¶ Hcp
{]iv\-ap-­n-XnÂ.-
2).- ssZh-¯n hniz-kn-¡p-¶-Xn\v
imkv{X-¯nsâ Bh-iy-anà F¶ Ah-
t_m[w a\p-jy-cm-in-bnse apgp-h³
AwK-§s - fbpw kzm[o-\n-¡p¶ \nXy-\q-
X-\-amb Hc-dn-hnsâ XpSÀ¨-bm-Wv. Cu
Adn-hns\ aäp coXn-bn ]cn-tim-[\m
hnt[-ba- m-t¡­ bmsXm-cmh-iyhpw am\-
h-cm-in-bn bmsXm-cmÄ¡p-an-Ã. Cu
A\m-h-iy-amb D¯-c-hm-Zn¯w Gsä-Sp-
¡p-¶-Xn-eqsS imkv{X hnizm-kn-IÄ
kzbw ]cn-lm-ky-cm-Ip-¶t- Xm-sSm¸w Ah
À imkv{X-s¯bpw ]cn-lm-ky-am-¡p-Ib - m-
bn-cp-¶p.
3).- ssZh-¯n-\p-th-­n-bpÅ imkv{X-
¯nsâ At\z-j-W-§Ä At¼ ]cm-P-
b-s¸-Sp-sa¶ ap¶-dnhv am\-h-cm-in-bnÂ
\n£n-]vX-am-Wv. Cu ap¶-dn-hns\ Ah-
K-Wn-¨p-sIm­v imkv{X-hm-Zn-IÄ ssZhm-
t\z-jW - ¯ - n GÀs]Sp-t¼mÄ ]cm-Pb - -
s¸-Sp-sa¶v Dd-¸pÅ Hcp ]cn-{i-a-¯n-te-
¡mWv kXy-¯n Ah-cn-d§ - p-¶Xv.- a\p-
jy-cm-in¡v Bh-iy-an-Ãm¯ Cu hrYm-
hr-¯n-bn-eqsS imkv{X-s¯-¡-p-dn-¨pÅ
hnizm-ky-X Xs¶bpw XIÀ¡-s¸-Sp-I-
bmWp sN¿p-¶X - v.
4).- ssZhs¯ D³aqe\w sN¿p-hm³
imkv{X-¯n\p Ign-bp-sa¶ Ah-Imi
hmZ-§f - p-ambn cwK-¯n-d§
- p¶ imkv{Xw
ssZhm-t\z-jW - w, ssZhm-kvXn-Iy-¯nsâ
D³aqe\w F¶nhbv¡m-hi - y-amb {]mY-
an-I-amb {]hÀ¯\ cq]-tc-J-t]mepw
Is­-¯p-hm-\m-ImsX ]cm-P-b-s¸-Sp¶
ImgvN imkv{X hnizm-kn-Isf kw_-
Ôn¨v Ak-l-\o-b-amb H¶m-Wv.
5).- imkv{X-¯n-epÅ hnizm-khpw
{]Xo-£bpw am\-h-cm-in¡p \jvS-s¸-Sp-
amdv ssZh-hn-izm-k-t¯m-SpÅ hntbm-Pn-
¸nsâ LS-I-§Ä AXy-[nIw Abp-àn-
25
I-hpw _men-ih - p-am-bmWv imkv{X-hn-izm-
kn-IÄ Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. {]]©w,-
{]IrXn,- a\p-jy³,- `uanI {]Xn-`m-k-
§Ä F¶n-h-bpsS Imcy-¯n I\¯
hkvXp-\n-jvTX - b - p-sSbpw B[n-Im-cn-IX - -
bp-sSbpw ssien Ah-ew-_n-¡p¶ im
kv{X-¯n\v ssZhm-t\z-j-W-¯n am{X-
ambn t\cn-Sp¶ ]cm-Pb - hpw bpàncmln-
Xy-hpw imkv{Xw hnizm-k¯ - n\pw ssZh-
¯n\pw ap¶n H¶p-aà F¶ at\m-`m-
h-amWv cq]-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xv . (20)
imkv{Xhpw ssZh-hp-am-bpÅ _Ô-
¯nsâ AYhm A¯csamcp _Ô-s¸-
Sp-¯-ensâ Xncn-¨-Sn-IÄ F¶ \ne-bnÂ
NÀ¨ sN¿-s¸-«-h-bmWv taÂ]-dª
Imcy-§Ä. F¶m imkv{Xhpw hnizm-
khpw X½n t\À¡p-t\À \n¶p-sIm­v
Hcp Bi-bk - w-L«- \ - ¯
- n-sâbpw sshNm-
cn-I-amb kwLÀj-¯n-sâbpw Bh-iy-
an-söp hniz-kn-¡p¶ {]Xn-`I - Ä Gsd-
bm-W.v imkv{Xw Pohn-X¯ - nsâ D]-cn-¹h
LS-I-§sf \nb-{´n-¡p-Ibpw \nbm-a-I-
am-bn kzm[o-\n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-t¼mÄ
ssZhhpw hnizm-khpw a\p-jy-sâbpw
Pohn-X¯ - n-sâbpw BXy-´n-Ia- mb {]iv\-
§-fp-sSbpw ktµ-l-§-fp-sSbpw taJ-e-
bp-ambn _Ô-s¸« hnj-b-§-fn-emWv
Bh-iy-am-bn-h-cp-¶Xv F¶v AhÀ Xncn-
¨-dn-bp-¶p. taÂ]-dª Xc-¯n imkv
{X-s¯bpw ssZhhnizm-ks - ¯bpw hniz-
kn-¡p-Ibpw hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-I-bpw sN¿p-
¶-hÀ imkv{X-¯nsâ ssZhm-t\z-jWw
]cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn\p ]d-bp¶ Imc-W-
§Ä C{]-Im-ca- mWv:
1).- ssZhw hkvXp-hÂI-cn-¡s - ¸« Hcp
Bi-b-tam, Bi-b-hÂI-cn-¡-s¸« hkv
Xpthm AÃm-¯X - n-\m imkv{X-¯nsâ
{]hÀ¯-\§ - fpw taJ-eI - fpw ssZh-¯n-
sâbpw ssZh-hn-izm-k-¯n-sâbpw Imcy-
¯n {]k-à-§-f-Ã.
2).- {]]-©¯ - n-sâbpw hkvXp-{I-a¯ - n-
sâbpw kml-N-cy-§fpw kµÀ`-§fpw
D]-tbm-Ks - ¸-Sp¯n At\z-jn-¡m-hp¶ Xc-
¯n ssZhw Øe-þ-Im-e-§Ä¡v DÅn
 \n¡p¶ Hcp hkvXpthm {]Xn-`m-
ktam AÃ.-
3).- a\p-jy-Po-hn-X¯ - n \nc-´cw CS-
s]-Sp-Ibpw a\p-jy-\nÂXs¶ \ne-sIm-
Åp-Ibpw sN¿p¶ \nc-h[n {]Xn-`m-k-
§-sf-¡p- d- n-¨pÅ imkv{Xo-ba- mb At\z-
j-W-§ÄXs¶ Fhn-sSbpw F¯msX
A]qÀW-X-bn \n¡-p-I-bm-Wv. Cu
kml-Nc - y-¯n a\p-jym-Xo-Xa- mbn \ne-
\n¡p¶ ssZh-¯n-te-¡pw, {]]-©m-
Xo-X-ambn \n¡p¶ hnizm-k-¯nsâ
A`ua LS-I-§-fn-te¡pw imkv{Xw
AXnsâ At\z-jW taJe hym]n-¸n-
¡p-¶Xv _men-i-amb AX-n-tam-l-amWv-.
4).- imkv{X-¯nsâ D]-Ic - W- m-[n-jvTn-
X-hpw hkvXp-\n-jvT-hpamb At\z-j-W-
§-fn-eq- s- Sbpw Adn-hp-If - n-eq-sSbpw hyh-
l-cn-¡p-hm\pw hni-Zo-Ic - n-¡s - ¸-Sp-hm\pw
km[y- a mb H¶m- b n- c p¶p ssZhhpw
hnizm-k-hp-sa-¦n am\-h-cm-in-bpsS
]n¶n- « - I m- e - § - f nepw hÀ¯- a m- \ - I m-
e¯pw kmam-\ym-Xo-X-amb Hcp taJ-e-
bmbn ssZhhpw hnizm-khpw tijn-¡p-
am-bn-cp-¶nÃ. (21)
a\p-jy-tI-{µo-Ir-Xa- mb Adn-hp-If
kam-lm-c-amWv imkv{Xw. F{X-Xs¶
]ptcm-KX - n {- ]m-]n-¨mepw imkv{X-¯nsâ
Cu ASn-Øm\ kz`m-h¯ - n\p amäw hcn-
I-bn-Ã. a\p-jy-_p-²n-bn BhnÀ`-hn-
¡p¶ Bi-b-§fpw X¯-z-§-fpw, Ah-
bpsS ]co-£W - m-[n-jT v n-Xa- mb NÀ¨-Ifpw
Bhn-jvIm-c§ - f- pw, a\p-jy-{In-bm-]c
I-fn-eqsS Dcp-¯n-cn-bp¶ D]-Ic - W
- § - Ä,
C§s\ imkv{X-¯nsâ a\p-jy-k-l-P-
kz-`mhw hfsc hyà-am-Wv. a\p-jy-sâ-
Xmb FÃm-¯cw ]cn-an-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw
¨p-sIm-­n-cn-¡p-¶p-ap-­v. AXp-sIm-­p-
Xs¶ Fdn-Ivt{^-kÀ imkv{X-¯n\p
\ÂIp¶ hnti-jW - § - f - mb ""a\p-jysâ
aq¶mw I®v'', ""a\p-jysâ asäm-cp- l-
kvXw'', ""a\p-jysâ asäm-cp-Xe'' F¶n-
§s\bpÅ hnti-j-W-§Ä AÀY-h-
¯mWv . imkv{X-¯nsâ ]cn-an-Xn-Isf
(22)
Bte-J\w sN¿p-¶-h-bmWv Cu hnti-
j-W-§Ä. imkv{Xw ASn-ap-Sn -{]-ZÀin-
¸n- ¡ p¶ a\p- j y- k z- ` m- h - ¯ nÂ\n¶v
AXns\- ]cn-hÀ¯n-¸n-¡m³ Hcp Ime
¯pw km[y-hp-a-Ã. \yq\-X-bp-tS-Xmb
Cu ØnXn-hn-tijw \ne-\nÀ¯n-s¡-m-
­mWv imkv{X-¯nsâ klm-bt- ¯msS
NneÀ ssZhm-t\z-jWw \S-¯n-sIm-­n-
cn-¡p-¶-Xv. a\pjy ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ¡-¸pdw
IS-¶n-«n-Ãm¯ Adn-hp-If - psS BsI-¯p-
I-bmb imkv{Xw D]-tbm-Kn¨v ssZhs¯
At\z- j n- ¡ p- I bpw Is­- ¯ p- I bpw
sN¿m-sa¶ hnizm-k-¯n-sâbpw tXm¶-
en-sâbpw ]cm-Pbw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.
imkv{Xw- sIm­v ssZhs¯ bYm-hn[n
Is­-¯p-hm\pw IS-¶m-{I-an-¡p-hm\pw
Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦n AXn-s\-¡mÄ
IqSp-X-embn a\pjyt\{X-§ÄsIm­p
Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-¶p. F¶m a\p-jysâ
- psS C{µn-bm-Xo-X-amb Ign-hp-IÄ¡-¸p-d¯v
Ahsâ _p²n- ] - c - a mb hI- X n- c nhpw
Ignhpw sIm­p-am{Xw Xncn-¨-dn-bp-hm³
Ign-bp¶ \nc-h[n {]Xn-`m-k-§Ä DÅ
Cu temI¯v ssZhw-am{Xw a\p-jy-\p-
ap-¶n {]Xy-£s - ¸-SW
- s - a¶p ]d-bp-¶Xv
_men-ia- mb ZpÀhm-in-am-{X-am-Wv.
- ¼- c
- - ssZhs¯ Øe-þI - m-e§ - f - n At\z-
jn-¡p¶ Hcp {]h-WX s]mXpth \nco-
iz-ch
- m-Zn-IÄ ]peÀ¯p-¶p-­v. ]mÝmXy
bpàn-hm-Zn-If - nepw \nco-iz-ch - m-Zn-If
- nepw
]ecpw tNmZn¨ tNmZy-§-fn ssZh-
Xn F¶n-hs - b-¡p- d- n¨p tNmZn-¡p¶p F¶-
Xp-Xs¶ tNmZy-IÀ¯m-hnsâ k¯m-]-
c-amb _Ô-¯nsâ BhÀ¯-\-am-Wv.
AYhm X¶-nÂXs¶-bpÅ A\n-hm-cy-
X-I-fmb Øew, Imew, ka-bw, kµÀ
`w, F¶n-§-s\-bpÅ LS-I-§-fpsS
_Ô-¯n \n¶p tamNn-X-\mbn ssZh-
s¯-¡-p-dn¨p Nn´n-¡p-hm³ tNmZyIÀ
¯m-hn\p Ign-bmsX hcp-¶X - mWv ChnsS
{]iv\-am-bn-¯o-cp-¶-Xv. ""a\p-jy³ Ah
sâXs¶ ]cn-an-Xn-I-fpsS XS-hp-Im-c-
\mWv'' F¶ kXy-amWv Chn-sSbpw Bh
À¯n-¡s - ¸-Sp-¶X - v. taÂ]-dª ]cn-an-Xn-
IÄ¡pÅn \n¡p- ¶ - X m- b n- c p¶p
ssZhw F¦n C¯cw Hcp-tNmZyw
AsÃ-¦n H«-\-h[n tNmZy-§Ä Xs¶
BhnÀ`-hn-¡p-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. AYhm ssZ
h-¯nsâ a\p-jym-Xo-X-amb D¬abpsS
al-¯-z-amWv a\p-jys\ taÂ]-d-ª-X-
c-¯n Nn´n-¡p-hm³ t{]cn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv
F¶p Xncn-¨-dn-bm³ Ign-ªm ssZh-
s¯-¡p- d- n-¨pÅ a\p-jysâ ktµ-l§ - Ä
AØm-\¯ - m-sW¶ kXy-¯n F¯n-
t¨-cp-hm³ GXp ISp¯ \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn
¡pw \nÀa-Xh--- m-Zn¡pw km[n-¡p-am-bn-cp-
¶p. Øew,-- Im-ew, ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ F¶n
§-s\-bpÅ \yq\-X-IÄ¡v AXo-X-hpw,
hm¡v A£cw NnÓw XpS-§nb klm-
bI LS-I-§Ä CÃm-¯Xpw Bb tNm
Zyw ssZh-s¯-¡p- d- n¨v D¶-bn-¡m³ a\p-
jy\v Ign-bp¶ Hcp Imew hcp-t¼mÄ
am{Xsa a\p-jy-]-cn-an-Xn-I-fm hebw
sN¿-s¸« tNmZy-§Ä¡v ap¶n ssZhw
t\cn«p {]Xy-£s - ¸-Sp-Ib
- pÅq F¶mWv
]mÝmXy \nco-izchmZn-IÄ¡p adp-]Sn
]d-ªp-sIm­v {_Êo-ense Hcp ss{I
kvXh Nn´-I-\mb Atam-dn-s_³k¬
]dª-X.-v (24)

BsI-¯p-I-bmb At\Iw {]iv\-§Ä
imkv{X-¯nsâ B`y-´c LS-\b
a\p-jy-Nn-´bpw [njWbpw ]peÀ¯p
¶ ]cn-Wm-a-¯n-sâbpw hnIm-k-¯n-
sâbpw ss\c-´cyw imkv{X-¯nsâ
B´cLS-\sb \nc-´cw ]p\À\nÀan-
¯nsâ Ccn-¸nSw Fhn-sS, Ahsâ Ime-
- n-ep-­.v {Iaw GXm-Wv, ssZh-¯n\v F{X hb-
Êm-bn Fs¶m-s¡-bpÅ Imcy-§-fmWv
D¶-bn-¡s - ¸-«Xv . Cu coXn-bn Nn´n-
(23)
¡p¶p F¶-Xp-X-s¶, AYhm ssZh-
¯nsâ Imew, Øew,- ]-cn-Wmaw, Øn
ssZh-¯nsâ AkvXnXzw At\z-jn-
¡p-¶-Xn\v hkvXp-\n-jvT-Úm-\s¯
D]m- [ n- b m- ¡ p- ¶ - X nse hnUv V n¯w
t]mse-¯s¶ asämcp hnUvVn-¯a- mWv
ssZhs¯ AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn ssZh-
km-¶n-[y-¯n\v D]-cn-¹-h-L-S-I-§Ä

ssZhs¯ Øe-þI
- m-e§
- f
- n At\z-jn-¡p¶ Hcp {]h-WX s]mXpth \nco-iz-ch
- m-Zn-IÄ ]peÀ¯p-¶p-­v.
]mÝmXy bpàn-hm-Zn-If
- nepw \nco-iz-ch
- m-Zn-If
- nepw ]ecpw tNmZn¨ tNmZy-§f
- n ssZh-¯nsâ Ccn-¸nSw Fhn-sS,
Ahsâ Ime-{Iaw GXm-Wv, ssZh-¯n\v F{X hb-Êm-bn Fs¶m-s¡-bpÅ Imcy-§-fmWv D¶-bn-¡-s¸-«Xv.-

2007 G-{]n-Â- 26
Bh-iy-amWv F¶p Nn´n-¡p-¶-Xpw.
ssZhw a\p-jy-s\-t¸m-setbm {Kl-
§sft¸msetbm Poh-Pm-e-§-sf-t¸m-
setbm {]hÀ¯n- ¡ - W - s a¶ imTy-
¯nsâ ASn-Øm-\-¯n-emWv ssZh-
¯nsâ D]-cn-¹h {]hÀ¯\§fn-eqsS,-
AY-hm ssZhw {]Xy-£-s¸«v- NneXv
{]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xn-eqsS am{Xsa ssZhw
AwKo-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bpÅq F¶p hmZn-
¡p-¶Xv.- bYmÀY-¯n CXv _p²n-]-c-
amb ]m¸-c¯w Xs¶-bm-Wv. a\p-jy³
Ahsâ hkvXpt_m[-¯nsâ ASn-Øm-
\-¯n ssZhs¯¸-än Nn´n-¡p-¶-Xp-
sIm­v ssZhs¯ Is­-¯m³ Ah\p
Ign-bm-sX- h-cp¶p F¶v t]mÄ XnKvs]³
]d-bp-¶Xv- B A-ÀY-¯n-emWv . hkv (25)
Xp-hÂI-cn-¡-s¸« Úm\-ambn ssZh
s¯ ImWp-Ibpw IW-¡m-¡p-Ibpw
sN¿p-¶X - nsâ ]cn-an-Xn-If - n \n¶p a\p-
jy\v tamN\w km[n-¡p-¶Xv IWn-i
hpw ¢njvSh - p-amb hnizm-k¯ - n-eqsS am{X-
am-Wv. kwip-²-amb hnizmkw bYmÀY-
¯n a\p-jysâ ss\kÀK-n-I-amb Hcp
Bh-iy-am-Wv. IeÀ¸n-Ãm-¯Xpw ktµ-
l-§fpw kwi-b§ - fpw {Kkn-¡m-¯Xpw
sshI- e y- § Ä _m[n- ¡ m- ¯ - X p- a mb
hnizm-k-¯n-eqsS a\p-jy³ Ah-\nÂ
Xs¶ al-¯z- hpw \oXo-Ic- W - hpw {]m]n-
¡p-I-bmWv sN¿p-¶-Xv. `uXn-I-amb
KWn- X - { I- a - ¯ n- s â- b pw Úm- t \m- ] m
[nIfp-sSbpw klm-bt- ¯msS ssZhs¯
a\-Ên-em-¡m-sa¶p [cn-¡p-¶-Xpw, A
¯cw D]m-[n-IÄ¡v- AXo-Xa- mbn ssZhm-
kvXnIyw \ne-sIm-Åp-¶p F¶Xpw \nco-
iz-c-hm-Zs¯ ]n´p-W-¡p¶ LS-I-§-
fÃ.- hnizm-khpw Ahn-izm-khpw X½n-
epÅ hy-Xymkw hkvXp-\n-jvTa- mb Adn-
hpw Dulm-[n-jvTn-X-amb \nK-a-\hpw
X½n-epÅ hnXym-k-a-söp a\-Ên-em-
t¡- ­ p¶ _m[yX \nco- i z- c - h m- Z n-
IÄ¡p­v. `uXnI{Ia-¯nsâ ]cn-[n-¡-
¸p-d¯p \n¡p¶ Hcp D¬a F¶
\ne-bn ssZhs¯ Xncn-¨-dn-bp-Ibpw
AwKo-Ic- n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-Ib - m-Wm-hi- yw.
hnizm-k-¯n\p imkv{Xw Bh-iy-a-Ã;- Hcp hyà-amb t{kmX-Êm-Wm-hiyw. AXp-sIm-­p-Xs¶ hnizm-k-¯nsâ
FXnÀh-i¯p \n¡p¶ Ahn-izm-k¯
- n\pw imkv{X-¯nsâ ]n³_ew bYmÀY-¯n km[y-aÃ
\nco-iz-c-hm-Z-¯n\pw \mkvXn-I-X-bv¡pw imkv{X-¯nsâ LS-I-§sf D]-tbm-Kn¨p \ymbo-I-cWw tXSp-¶Xv
AXn-cp-I-S¶ [mÀjvSy-¯nsâ {]Xn-^-e-\-a-am-Wv.
2007 G-{]n-Â-
Ahn-izm-k¯ - nsâ am\-ZÞ
- §
- Ä hnizm-
k-¯nsâ KpW-§Ä¡v ]Icwsh¡m-hp-
¶-XÃ F¶-XmWv ASn-Øm-\-]-c-amb
Hcp-`n-¶X.- (26)
imkv{Xw _p²nsb kzm[o-\n-¡p-
t¼mÄ hnizmkw Bßm-hn-s\-bmWv kzm
[o-\n-¡p-¶Xv F¶p]d-bm-dp­v . _p²n- (27)
]-ca- mb Imcy-{I-as¯ ASn-Øm-\a- m-¡n-
bpÅ imkv{X LS\ a\p-jysâ BXy-
´n-I-amb D¬a-IÄ Bcm-bp¶ Bßm-
hnsâ D]m-[n-bmb hnizm-k¯ - nsâ LS-
\-bnÂ\n¶p Ht«sd hn`n-¶a- m-Wv. hnizm-
k-¯n\p imkv{Xw Bh-iy-a-Ã;- Hcp
hyà-amb t{kmX-Êm-Wm-hiyw. AXp-
sIm-­p-Xs¶ hnizm-k-¯nsâ FXnÀh-
i¯p \n¡p¶ Ahn-izm-k-¯n\pw
imkv{X-¯nsâ ]n³_ew bYmÀY-¯nÂ
km[y-aà - . F¶n«pw \nco-iz-ch- m-Z¯
- n\pw
\mkvXn-I-X-bv¡pw imkv{X-¯nsâ LS-
I-§sf D]-tbm-Kn¨p \ymbo-I-cWw
tXSp-¶Xv AXn-cp-IS- ¶ [mÀjvSy-¯nsâ
{]Xn-^-e-\-a-am-Wv.
kqN-\I
- Ä
(1).- dmj-W-en-kw, l-yq-a-\n-kw, dnen-Py³-;- t]Pv
69-þ70,- t]mÄ IqÀSvkv, {_n«njv dmjW-enÌv
A¡m-Zan.-
(2).- tKmUv Bâ v lyq-a³- sse^v;- t]Pv 33, tUm.
C½m-\p-th s^Un-\â ,v - F^v.F
- .-kn, Cäm-en-
b³ Xntbm-fP
- n-¡Â skan-\m-cn, 1999.-
(3).- sskt¡m-fP
- n, l-yq-a\
- n-kw, dnen-Py³;- t]Pv
340, tUm. AeIvkv sdayq-hÀ, lwK-dn, 1992.-
(4).- sskt¡m-fPn Hm^v _neoh-vkv, t]Pv 130-
þ131,- t]mÄ sdIvkn³, C³Ìn äyq«v Hm^v I¼-m-
cn-äohv ÌUo-kv, PÀa-\n, 1986.-
(5).- AtX-{KÙw,- t]Pv 210.-
(6).- dneo-Py³, dmj-W-en-kw, l-yqa-\nän;- t]Pv
69-þ70,- tUm.- k-Ö
- mZv Jpssd-jn, CkvemanIv enä-
td-¨À- skmssk-än, Idm-¨n,-1- 994.-
(7).- ""tKmUv Bâ v am³'',- t]Pv 13-þ14, amÀkz
ent\m K{_n-tb-em, 1990, {_koÂ.-
(8).- sskt¡m-fPn Bâ v dneo--Py³k;v t]Pv 410-
þ411,- s{]m^. AeIvkv _mÀtebÀ, {_n«ojv
A¡m-Zan Hm^v dneo-Py³ Ì-Uo-kv, 1986.-
(9).- {Inkv-X-ym-\nän Bâ v dmj-W-enkw;- t]Pv
- . F¶n«pw
27
69,70,71,- amÀKäv B³hnÂ, {_n«¬, 1984.-
(10).- sse^v Bâ v ^ntem-k^n Hm^v B³
F¯nÌv;- t]Pv 320, 321,- {_n«¬, 1985.-
(11).- {InkvX
- y
- m-\nän Bâ v F¯n-kw;- t]Pv42, 43,-
hneyw hpUven§v, dmj-W-enÌv {]Ê-v, hnb-¶,
1975.-
(12).- ssh Abmw t\m«v F {InÌy³? t]Pv 6,7,-
_À{Smâ v dÊÂ, dmj- W - e nÌv A¡m- Z an,
{_n«³, 1999.-
(13).- ^mÄkv Hm^v {Inkv-X-ym-\nän;- t]Pv 73,
hneyw BÂ_Sv k ¬,- sPbnwkv BÀXÀ,-
{_n«njv A¡m-Zan Hm^v C³Un-s]ââ v ÌUo-
kv, 1989.-
(14).- ^mÄkv Hm^v {Inkv-X-ym-\nän,- t]Pv 96.-
(15).- lnÌdn Bâ v dmj-We
- nkw;- t]Pv 12, FUn-
äÀ tPm¬ sehnkv,- {_n«¬,- 1989.-
(16).- ^mÄkv Hm^v {Inkv-X-ym-\nän,- t]Pv 120.-
(17).- dmj-We
- n-kw, dneo-Py³, l-yq-a\
- nkw;- t]Pv
62-þ63,- t]mÄ \n-Ks
v ]³, C³Ìn-äyq«v Hm^v en_-
d ÌUo-kv, Hmkv-tem-, 1998.-
(18).- kb³kv Bâ v dneo-Py³;- t]Pv 12-þ13,- tUm.
hneyw Imw_Â, \yqsseäv,- ÌpSvKÀS vkv, 1980.-
(19).- dmj-We
- nkw,- F¯o-kw, _neohvk;v - t]Pv
210, 211,- Fdn-Iv tlm-^À, C³Ìn-äyq«v Hm^v en_-
d ÌUo-kv, 1998.-
(20).- ^mÄkv Hm^v kbân-^nIv sse^v, t]Pv
4þ5,- tUm. Fdn-Ivtlm-^À, C³Ìnäyq«v Hm^v
en_-d ÌUn-kv, Hmkvtem.-
(21). tKmUv Bâ v dnen-Py³;- t]Pv 460,- Fdn-It
v lm-
^À.-
(22).- sskt¡m-fPn Bâ v dnen-Py³;- t]Pv 14-þ15,-
FdnIv t{^kÀ, C³Ìn-äyq«v Hm^v ssk t¡m-f-
Pn, {_n«³, 1969.-
(23).- dnen-Py³ Bâ v dmj-Wn-enkw;-t]Pv 18,-
_mÀ_-dm- kvan-¯v, {_n«¬,- 1989.-
(24).- Xntbm-fPn Hm^v FIvkn-̳kv;- t]Pv 64-
þ65,- Atamdn s_³k¬, 1984, {_koÂ.-
(25).- dmj-We
- n-kw, dneo-P
- y³, l-yqa-\nkw;- t]Pv
101-þ102,- t]mÄ XnKvs]³, 1996.-
(26).- dneo-Py³ Bâ v dmj-We
- nkw;- t]Pv 53-þ54,-
sPbnwkv BÀXÀ dUvenbÀ, C³Ìn-äyq«v Hm^v
en_-d ÌUo-kv, 1990, Hmkvtem.-
(27).- dneo-Py³, dok¬, dmj-We
- nkw;- t]Pv 119-
þ120,- C³Ìn-äyq«v Hm^v en_-d ÌUok,-v 1994.
 kp-hn-ti-j- {]-hÀ-¯-I-cp-sS-
hn-ti-j-§Ä-

D-kv-am³- ]m-e-¡m-gn- kpXm-cy-hp-am-bn-cn-t¡-­Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv. sIm­v Ckvemw aX-{]-N-cW {]hÀ¯-

hnizm-k§ - Ä X½n-epÅ kwL-Àj-§Ä \-§sf Bi-bm-[n-jvTnX a\pjytkh-
a\p-jysâ BXy-´n-I-amb c£bp hyàn-IÄ X½n-e-pÅ kwLÀj-§-fm- \-§-fm¡n amän-bn-«p-­v. a\p-jysâ
sS amÀK-sa¶ \ne-bn aXs¯ ImWp- ImsX kq£n-¡p-Ibpw Bibw Bi-b- BXy-´nI hnP-b-e-£y-¯nte-¡p-Å-
¶-hcm-Wv- hn-izm-kn-IÄ.- aX-§-fpsS t¯mSv t\cn-Sp¶ kao-]\w aX-{]-N-cW £-Ww- F¶ \ne-bn-emWv aX-k-tµ-i-
hnizm-k-þ-IÀa taJ-e-I-fnse hy-Xym-k- {]hÀ¯-\-§-fn Ah-ew-_n-¡-s¸-Sp- §-fpsS {]N-c-Ws¯ Ckvemw ImWp-
§Ä¡-\p-k-cn¨v hnhn[ aX-hn-izm-kn- Ibpw th­-Xp-­v. Ckvemw Bib {]N- Ibpw kao-]n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-Xv. Cu
IÄ-¡v X§-fpsS aX-§t- fm-SpÅ ImgvN- c- W - ¯ n\v Blzm\w \ÂIp- ¶ p- ­ v . ho£-Ws¯ ]n´p-W¡ - p¶ \nc-h[n h
¸m-Snepw kao-]-\-¯nepw hyXymkw F¶m Hcn-¡epw Bi-b-¯n\v ]I-c- N-\-§Ä hnip² JpÀB\n ImWmw.
ImWp-sa-¦nepw s]mXp-hn aX-¯n\v ambn aäp-]m-[n-IÄ B{i-bn-¡m-h-Xà Ckvemansâ XmÂ]cyw
\ÂI-s¸-Sp¶ ]cn-thjw BXy-´nI F¶v IWn-i-ambn hne-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p- aX-{]-t_m-[\- ¯n-\v- Ckvemw \nÀtZ-
c£-bpsS amÀKw F¶-Xp-X-s¶-bm-Wv. ¶p-­v. aX-s¯-¡-p-dn-¨pÅ tIhe Ah- in-¡p¶ Imcy-§Ä hkvXp-\n-jvT-X,
AXp-sIm-­p-Xs¶ aX-hp-ambn _Ô- Im-i-hm-Z-§Ä amän-sh¨v sXfn-hp-I-fp- bpàn-]-c-X, KpW-Imw-£, kuay `mj,
s¸« {]hÀ¯-\-§fpw {]Nm-cW coXn- sSbpw {]am-W-§-fp-sSbpw ASn-Øm-\- hyà-X, BßmÀY-X,- ssZh-Nn-´, {]Xn-
Ifpw AXy-[nIw kpXm-cyhpw hyà-hp- ¯n Bi-b-§Ä hyà-am-¡p-Ibpw _-²-X, kpX-m-c-yX Xp-S-§n-b-h-sb-Ãm-am-
am-bn-cn-t¡-­Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv. aX-s¯- CXc aX-§-sfbpw hnizm-k-§-sfbpw Wv . - h{I- a mb coXn- I fpw ZzbmÀY- I
¡p-dn-¨pÅ s]mXp kaq-l-¯nsâ [mc- kao- ] n- ¡ p- ¶ - X n am\y- X - b p- s Sbpw `mjbpw kwibw P\n-¸n-¡p¶ ssien-
W-Isf kzm[o-\n-¡p-hm³ aX-hp-ambn kq£va-X-bp-sSbpw coXn-IÄ Ah-ew-_n- Ifpw ZpÀhym-Jym--\-§Ä¡nS-bm-¡p¶
_Ô-s¸« {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä IrXyhpw ¡-W-sa¶v \nÀtZ--in-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp- kao-]\ - §
- fpw kpXm-cy-Xb - n-Ãm¯ {]h
a\p-jysâ BXy-´n-I-amb c£bpsS amÀK-sa¶ \ne-bn aXs¯ ImWp-¶-hcm-Wv- hn-izm-kn-IÄ.-
aX§-fpsS hnizm-k-þ-IÀa taJ-e-I-fnse hy-Xym-k-§Ä¡-\p-k-cn¨v hnhn[ aX-hn-izm-kn-IÄ-¡v X§-
fpsS aX-§t- fm-SpÅ ImgvN¸
- m-Snepw kao-]\
- ¯
- nepw hyXymkw ImWp-sa-¦nepw s]mXp-hn aX-¯n\v
\ÂI-s¸-Sp¶ ]cn-thjw BXy-´nI c£-bpsS amÀKw F¶-Xp-X-s¶-bm-Wv.

2007 G-{]n-Â- 28
À¯-\-§fpw aX-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«
Bi-b-þ-{]-t_m-[\ taJ-e-I-fn ]mSn-
söv IWn-ia- mbn hne-¡p¶ Ckvemw,
P\-kw-Jym-[n-jvTn-X-amb s]cp-¸-aà {]
t_m-[-\w-sIm­v e£y-am-¡p-¶-Xv-;- hy--
àn-If - p-sSbpw kaq-l§ - f- p-sSbpw KpW-
]-c-amb ]cn-hÀ¯-\-am-Wv. hyàn-IÄ
Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-¯nepw PohnX coXn-
I-fnepw aqeym-[n-jvTnX {Iao-Ic- Ww hcp-
¯p-¶-Xn-eqsS kwPm-X-am-Ip¶ im´n,
kam-[m-\w, A{I-a-cm-ln-Xyw, ]c-kv]-cm-
Z-chv F¶nh aX-¯nsâ XmÀ]-cy-§f - mbn
Ckvemw DbÀ¯n-¡m-«p-¶p. h{I-amb
amÀK-§-fp-sSbpw \pW-{]-N-c-W-§-fp-
sSbpw DuXn-hoÀ¸n¨ IW-¡p-I-fp-sS
bpw sI«n-¨a- ¨ hnh-c§ - f- p-sSbpw ]n³_-
e-t¯msS aXw {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn bm
sXmcp \·bpw Ckvemw ImWp-¶n-Ã.
s]mÅ-bmb Ah-Im-ih - m-Z§- Ä D¶-bn¨v
kz´w hnizm-ks¯-- al-Xzo-I-cn¨v kw
km-cn-¡p-hm³ Ckvemw aX-{]-t_m-[I
A\p-hmZw \ÂIp-¶n-Ã. AtXm-sSm¸w
kzPo-hn-X¯ - nsâ amÀK-ZÀi-\a- mbn Ckv
emans\ BXvamÀYambpw Bg-¯nepw
DÄs¡m­n-«n-Ãm-¯h - À ]pdw-XÅ - p¶ D]-
cn-¹h hmIy-§Ä¡v Ckvemw hne IÂ
]n¡p-¶p-an-Ã. Hcp aX-{]-t_m-[-I³ Xm
³ {]Xn-\n-[m\w sN¿p¶ BZÀi-¯nsâ
Id-If - ª amXr-Ibpw A\p-IÀ¯mhpw
Bbn-¯o-tc-­-Xnsâ Bh-iy-IX Ckv
emw Du¶n-¸d- b - p-¶p-­v. {KÙ-s¡-«p-IÄ
Npa-¡p¶ Igp-XI - s
- f-¡p-dn-¨pÅ JpÀB
\nsâ ]cm-aÀiw ]qÀh-th-Z¡ - m-cmb blp-
Z-cp-sS-þX - u-dm-¯nsâ hml-Ic- psSþ Imcy-
¯n-emWv hcp-¶-sX-¦nepw AXnsâ
Bi-b-]-c-amb hnim-e-X-bn aXhpw
ssZhnI amÀK-ZÀi-\hpw kzPo-hn-X¯ - nÂ
]IÀ¯m-¯h - scÃmw DÄs¸-Sp-¶p-­v.
CkvemanI BZÀi-§Ä apdpsI
]nSn-¡p¶ {]t_m-[-Icpw {]t_m-[I
kwL-§fpw F¡-me¯pw kzoI-cn-¨p-h-
¶n-«pÅ kao-]\w IrXy-Xb - p-sSbpw kp
Xm-cy-X-bp-sSbpw hyà-X-bp-sS-bp-am-Wv.
D¶-X-amb e£y-t_m-[hpw IrXy-amb
amÀKZÀi-\hpw e`n¨ amXrIm hyàn
Xz§-fnÂ\n¶v Dcp-¯n-cn-ªp-h¶ - n-«pÅ
BZÀim-[n-jvTnX Iq«m-bvaI - s- f- ap-kv-enw-
N-cn-{X-¯m-fp-If
- nÂ- Im-Wm- w.- AhÀ h{I-
X-bn-Ãm¯ coXn-If - n-eqsS h{I-tX-bp-an-Ãm
¯ Hcp aXw temI¯v {]N-cn-¸n-¡m³
bXv\n-¨p. hnI-e-amb euInI taml-§-
tfm, AÔ-amb cmjv{So-b-s¡m-Xn-Itfm
BÄ¡q-«¯ - nsâ D]-cn-¹h s]cp-¸¯ - nÂ
aXn-a-d-¡p¶ kz`m-htam AhÀ¡n-Ãm-bn-
cp-¶p. {]hm-NI injy-·m-cnÂ\n¶v Bcw-
`n-¡p¶ {]hn-im-ea- mb CkvemanI BZ
Ài {]t_m-[I kwL-¯nsâ KpW-§Ä
AsXm-s¡-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
anj-Wd- n-am-cpsS coXn-IÄ
aX-{]-t_m-[\ - c- w-K¯v IpSn-eX
h{I-X-Ifpw Im]-Sy-§fpw D]-Pm-]-§-fp-
ambn cwK-¯p-h-¶Xv ss{IkvXh anj-
Wdn kwL§-fm-bn-cp-¶p. kvs]bn-\nÂ,
samtdm-t¡m-bnÂ, AÄPocn-bb
\m-\nÂ, CuPn]vXnÂ-, at[y-jy³ cmPy-
§-fnse Ckveman-Iþ- A - \ - nkvemanI kaq-
- \v
l-§f - n-seÃmw IpSn-eX{´-§f - p-ambn {In
kvXy³ anj-Wd- n-amÀ \S¯nb- aX {]Nm
c- Ww Ncn-{X-¯nsâ Xmf-pI - f- n \nc-h[n
{]iv\§ - f- psS thcp-]S- e - a- mbn ASn-bp-d¨v
In¡p-¶Xv ImWmw. bqtdm-¸nse tkzÑm-
[n-]-Xn-Ifpw k¦p-NnX XmÂ]-cy-¡m-cp-
amb ss{IkvXh - c- m-Pm-¡· - mÀ X§-fpsS
ssk\y-am-bn-«mWv ss{IkvXh anj-Wd- n-
{]-hÀ¯-Isc I­n-cp-¶Xv F¶v Ncn{Xw
]d-bp-¶p. Hcp I¿n Bbp-[hpw adp-
I-¿n ss__n-fp-ambn bp²-{]-`p-¡-·m-
cpsS ]n³_e-t¯msS temI¯v ss{I
kvX-hX ASn-t¨Â]n-¡p-hm³ anj-W-dn-
amÀ \S-¯nb {ia-§Ä F®-aä a\p-jy-
Po-hn-X-§Ä A]-l-cn-¨-Xnsâ sXfn-hp-
Ifpw Ncn-{X-¯n ImWmw. aX-{]-Nm-c-
W-¯n\v a\p-jy-lXy Bh-iy-sa-¦nÂ
AXpw BIm-sa¶ hn\m-iI - c- a- mb coXn-
im-kv{Xhpw Aim-´n-bpsS kmt¦-XnI
imkv{Xhpw temI¯v {]tbm-Kn-¨-hÀ
bYmÀY-¯n ss{IkvXh anj-Wn-amÀ
Xs¶-bm-W.v
]«n-Wnbpw Zmcn-{Zyhp-w Ac-£n-Xm-h-
Øbpw \ne-\n¡p¶ cmPy-§-fnepw
kaq-l§ - f- nepw ss{IkvXh anj-Wd- n-amÀ
Ah-ew-_n¨ coXn-IÄ Nqj-W¯
bn-cp-¶p. a\p-jy-cpsS ssZ\w-Zn\ {]iv\-
§-fn CS-s]-«p-sIm-­pÅ ]nSn-¨S- ¡ - Â
X{´-§f-- mb Ah Gjy-\m-{^n-¡³ kaq-
l-§-fn hfÀ¶v hnI-kn¨p;- Im]-Sy-
¯nsâ coXn-IÄ¡v kvt\l-¯nsâ ]pd-
¦p-¸mbw AWn-bn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. adp-
h-i¯v CkvemanI {]t_m-[-IÀ Ah-
ew-_n¨ BZÀim[n-jvTn-Xhpw Bi-b-]-
chpw ]cn-hÀ¯\ e£yw ap³ \nÀ¯n-
bp-ÅX - p-amb coXn-Isf ImÀ¡-iy-¯n-sâ
bpw hmfn-sâbpw t]cn A[n-t£-]n-¡p-
Ibpw sNbvXp {InkvXy³ anj-W-dn-amÀ.
Ckvemw hmfp-sIm­v {]N-cn¨ aX-amWv
F¶ Btcm-]Ww anj-W-dn-amcpw Hmdn-
- I
- epw
bâ-en-Ìp-Ifpw Ckvemw hncp² Bib
{]Nm-cI - cpw F¡m-e¯pw D¶-bn-¨n-«p-Å-
Xm-Wv. F¶m Ckvemansâ hmfpw
Bbp-[hpw Ckvemansâ Bi-b-§fpw
- nÂ, e_
ssZhnI aqey-§fpw am{X-am-bn-cp-¶p;-
ss{IkvXh anj-W-dn-amÀ D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-
cp¶ Im]-Sy-§-fp-sSbpw D]-Pm-]-§-fp-
sSbpw X{´-§f - m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã apkvenwI-fp-
tSXv-.- hnhn[ kaq-l-§-fnepw cmPy-§-fn
epw anj-W-dn-amÀ Ah-ew-_n-¨n-cp¶
X{´-§Ä AXy-[nIw h{Ihpw hnI-e
hpw am\p-jnI \oXn¡v \nc-¡m-¯-Xp-
am-bn-cp¶p F¶-Xn\v Ncn-{Xhpw A\p-`-
h-§fpw km£n-bm-W.v kz´w aX-¯nsâ
Bi-b-§-fnepw aqey-§-fnepw hnizm-k-
aÀ¸n¨v aX-{]-Nm- c-Whp-w Bib {]t_m-
[-\hpw \S-¯p-hm³ anj-Wd- n-amÀ¡pÅ
Bß-hn-izm-k-¡p-dhv Ahsc h{I-amb
X{´-§fpw D]m-b-§fpw Bcm-bp-¶-Xn-
te¡v \bn-¡p-¶I - b- m-bn-cp-¶p. At\Iw
\qäm-­p-I-fmbn kvt\l-¯nsâ X¯-z-
imkv{Xw ]d-bp-Ibpw NXn-bpsS coXn-
imkv{Xw {]tbm-Kn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp-h-
cp¶ anj-W-dn-amÀ B[p-\nI Ime-L-«-
¯nÂ, hnhn[ kaq-l-§-fn ]n´p-SÀ
¶p-sIm-­n-cn-¡p-¶Xpw AXy-[nIw {]Xn-
tem-a-I-§-fmb Bi-b-§fpw coXn-Ifpw
Xs¶-bm-Wv. B{^n-¡b - psS hnhn[ `mK-
§-fn A[n-hk - n-¡p¶ P\-hn-`m-K§ - f
- n-
te¡v B[p-\nI k`-IÄ \S-¯p¶
A[n-\n-th-i-§Ä Bi-b-sam-gn¨v asä
´pw D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m-­pÅ IS-
- n-sâ-Xm- ¶m-{I-aW - §- f
- mWv kXy-¯nÂ.

Ckvemw hmfp-sIm­v {]N-cn¨ aX-amWv F¶ Btcm-]Ww anj-W-dn-amcpw Hmdn-bâ-en-Ìp-Ifpw

Ckvemw hncp² Bib {]Nm-cI - cpw F¡m-e¯pw D¶-bn-¨n-«p-ÅX - m-Wv. F¶m Ckvemansâ hmfpw
Bbp-[hpw Ckvemansâ Bi-b-§fpw ssZhnI aqey-§fpw am{X-am-bn-cp-¶p;- ss{IkvXh anj-W-dn-
amÀ D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp¶ Im]-Sy-§-fp-sSbpw D]-Pm-]-§-fp-sSbpw X{´-§-fm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã apkvenwI-fp-tSXv-.-

2007 G-{]n-Â- 29
 B{^n-¡³ P\-Xsb aX-]-cn-hÀ¯
\w sN¿p-¶X - n-\pÅ hn]p-ea- mb ]²Xn-
IÄ B[p-\nI k`-IÄ¡p­v. Cu ]²-
Xn-Isf AhÀ hnti-jn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv ""bYmÀ
Y- hos­-Sp-¸n-\m-bpÅ ]cn-{i-a§ - Ä'' F
¶m-Wv. ss{IkvXh {]kn-²o-I-c-W-amb
kXy-Zo]w BgvN-¸-Xn-¸n ^m. Nnän-e-
¸Ån Fgp-Xnb Hcp teJ-\-¯n C{]-
Imcw ImWmw.
""AÔ-hn-izm-k¯ - nepw A\m-Nm-c§ - -
f-nepw a{´-hm-Z-¯n-ep-sams¡ Ign-bp¶
\nc-£c- cpw Zcn-{Z-cp-amb [mcmfw P\-§Ä
B{^n-¡-bn-ep-­v. Ahsc bYmÀY- hn
izm-k¯ - n-te¡pw kzmX-{´y-¯n-te¡pw
kvt\l-¯n-te¡pw AXp-hgn ]ptcm-K-
Xn-bn-te¡pw \bn-¡p-I-bmWv anj-W-dn-
bpsS e£yw. B{^n-¡-bn tkh\w
sN¿p¶ hnhn[ cmPy-§-fn \n¶pÅ
hyXykvX k`m hn`m-K§ - f- nÂs]« anj-
W-dn-amÀ GI-a-\-tÊmsS Cu e£y-{]m-
]vXn-¡p-th­n bXv\n-¡p-Ib - mWv'' (k-Xy-
Zo]w,- 2005 Pq¬ 29, t]Pv 1).
kaq-l-§-fp-sSbpw P\-hn-`m-K-§-fp-
tSbpw kl-Pa- mb kz`m-h§ - s- fbpw ioe-
§-sfbpw kmam-\y-ambn ss{IkvX-ho-I-
cn-¡pI F¶-XmWv k`-IÄ {]mY-anI
L«-¯n kzoI-cn-¨p-h-cp¶ kao-]-\w.-
D]-cn-¹h- a- mb Nne KpW-§Ä Nq­n-¡m
«n hyà-amb PohnX ]²-Xn-I-fn-Ãm¯
B{^n-¡³ P\-Xsb k`-IÄ AXn-
thKw ]m«n-em-¡p-¶p. F¶m Cu amäw
Ime-{I-ta-W, Xo{h-amb ss{IkvXh hÂ
¡-c-W-¯n-te¡v \o§p-Ibpw Ahsc
]qÀW-ambpw k`-If - psS \nb-{´-W¯ - nÂ
sIm­p-hc- p-¶n-S¯v Ah-km-\n-¡p-Ibpw
sN¿pw. Sm³km\n-b-bnse At¸m-kvXm-
enIv \q¬tjy-m AYhm amÀ]m-¸-bpsS
Aw_m-k-UÀ Bbn \nb-an-¡-s¸« BÀ
¨v_n-j¸v tPmk^v tNt¶m-¯p-ambn
kXy-Zo]w hmcnI \S-¯nb A`n-ap-J¯ - n
 C{]-Imcw ImWmw.
""tNmZyw: hwiob Iem-]§ - fpw hÀW-
hn-th-N\ - h- p-sams¡ B{^n-¡b - psS Ncn-
{X-¯nsâ `mK-am-W.v B{^n-¡b - psS a®n
 Bg-¯n InS-¡p¶ C¯cw {]iv\-
GsXmcp cmPy-¯nepw kaq-l¯
- nepw k`-If
- psS {]hÀ¯-\§ - Ä¡v ]n¶n Cu cmjv{Sobw ]Xn-bn-cn-
¡p-¶p-­v F¶-XmWv C¶s¯ Ah-Ø. km{am-Py¯- XmÂ]-cy-§-fpsS AXn-Kq-V-amb
A[n-\nthi¯n\v k`-IÄ klm-b-I-am-bn-¯o-cp-¶p. hnI-kn-Xhpw _p²n-]-c-hp-amb {]hÀ¯-
\§fneqsSbmWv Cu klmbw \o§p-¶X
2007 G-{]n-Â-
§-tfmSv k` {]Xn-I-cn-¡p-¶-sX-§-s\-
bmWv?''
""D¯cw: hfsc k¦oÀW-amb {]iv\-
am-Wn-Xv. B{^n-¡-bn am{X-a-Ã, FÃm-
bn-S¯pw C¯-c-¯n-epÅ {]iv\-§fpw
Zriy-§-fp-am-Wv. ss{IkvX-h-amb Hcp
ImgvN¸ - m-Sp-s­¦n Ch-bs v ¡ms¡ ]cn-
lmcw Is­-¯m-\mIpw''.
""B{^n¡ IqSp-XÂ ss{IkvX-h-am-
Ip-Ib - mWv F¶mWv ]d-bp-¶X - .v IqSp-XÂ
{InkvXm-\n-IÄ D­m-Ip-¶p. aX-]-cn-
hÀ¯\w \S-¡p-¶pþ AsXms¡ \Ã
Imcyw. ]t£, hnizm-khpw AXn-\-\p-
k-cn¨v Bg-s¸-S-Ww. amtam-Zokm ap§n-
bmÂam{Xw {InkvXy-m\ - n-bm-In-Ã. ASnØm
\ ss{IkvXh kaq-l§ - Ä cq]o-Ic- n¨pw
t_m[-h¡cW {ia-§Ä \S-¯nbpw
P\-§sf ASn-bp-d¨ hnizm-k-¯n-te¡v
sIm­p-hc- m³ k` bXv\n-¡p-¶p­v'' (k-
Xy-Zo]w,- 2005 Pq¬ 29, t]Pv 12).
BtKm-f-X-e-¯nÂ- ss{IkvXh P\-
kwJy hÀ[n-¸n-¡pI F¶-XmWv BXy-
´n-I-ambn ss{IkvXh anj-W-dn-am-cpsS
Hcp e£yw. aX-]-chpw hnizm-k-]-c-hp-
amb ]cn-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ ss{IkvXh
e£yw AXv am{X-am-Wv;- BXvaob XmÂ
]cy-§-fÃ. Imep-jy-§Ä \nd-ªXpw
{]iv\ k¦oÀW-hp-amb kml-N-cy-§-
fn ss{IkvXh anj-Wd- n-amÀ IS-¶p-sN-
Ãp-Ibpw Ah-cpsS hnj-en-]vXhpw hnI-
e-hp-amb Bi-§Ä Ip¯n-sh-¡p-Ibpw
sN¿pw. C§s\ X§Ä¡\p-I-q-e-ambn
t_m[-h¡cn-s¨-Sp-¡-s¸-Sp¶ P\-§
sf {ItaW Xo{h-amb hnizm-k-¯nÂ
hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn\v hf-sc-b-[nIw
k¼¯pw a\p-jy-ti-jnbpw k`-IÄ D]-
tbm-Kn-¨p-sIm-­n-cn-¡p-¶p-­v. hnizm-k-
¯nsâ `uXn-I-amb e£y-§fpw Ah-
bpsS t\«-§-fp-amWv k`-IÄ ImWp-¶-
Xv. kzm`m-hn-Ia- mbpw CXv km{amPy¯-w,-
BtKm-ft- a-[m-hn-¯w, A[n-\n-thi X{´-
§Ä F¶n-hb - p-ambn _Ô-s¸«v InS-¡p-
¶-h-bm-Wv. aX-¯nsâ aqey-§-fnepw X
¯-z-§-fnepw Du¶n-\n-¶p-sIm-­pÅ
Bib hn\n-a-b-¯n\v Cu {]hÀ¯-\-
§-fn bmsXmcp ]cn-K-W-\bpw AÀl-
- v.
30
amb ]¦m-fn-¯hpw \ÂIs¸-Sp-¶n-Ã. B
tKm-fk - `- I - sf hnhn[ cmPy-§f - nepw kaq-
l-§f - n-ep-ambn H¶n-¸n¨v \nÀ¯p¶ LS-
I-§f - n apJy-am-bXv km{am-Py¯- XmÂ
]-cy-§f - n A[n-jvTn-Xa- mb cmjv{So-ba- m-
Wv. GsXmcp cmPy-¯nepw kaq-l-¯n
epw k`-If - psS {]hÀ¯-\§ - Ä¡v ]n¶n
 Cu cmjv{Sobw ]Xn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p-­v F
¶-XmWv C¶s¯ Ah-Ø. km{am-Py
¯- XmÂ]-cy-§-fpsS AXn-Kq-V-amb
A[n-\n-th-i¯ - n\v k`-IÄ klm-bI - a- m-
bn-¯o-cp-¶p. hnI-kn-Xhpw _p²n-]-c-hp-
amb {]hÀ¯-\-§-fn-eq-sS-bmWv Cu
klmbw \o§p-¶X - v.
ss{IkvXh hnizm-k¯ - nsâ A]-cym-
]vX-X-IÄ anj-W-dn-amÀ Xncn-¨-dn-bm-Xn-cn-
¡p-¶n-Ã. Cu Xncn-¨d- n-hmWv kXy-¯nÂ
hnizmk _mly-amb Imcy-§Ä ap³\nÀ
¯-n-bpÅ aX-{]-Nm-c-W-¯n\v Ahsc
t{]cn-¸n-¡p-¶Xpw. B{^n-¡³ cmPy-§-
fnepw apkvenw cmjv{S-§-fnepw CXc A
ss{I-kvXh P\-k-aq-l-§Ä¡nS-bn-ep-
sams¡ anj-W-dn-amÀ kzoI-cn-¡p¶
X{´-§Ä _lp-hn-[§ - f - m-Wv. B{^n-¡-
bnse Xs¶ hnhn[ cmjv{S-§-fn anj-
W-dn-amÀ sN¿p-¶-Xv, Ahn-S-§-fnse
Imep-jy-§-fnepw {]iv\§-fnepw ss{I
kvXh hnizm-k-¯nsâ {]iv\-]-cn-lmc
tijn-IÄ sNep¯n kaq-l-¯n ]cn-
hÀ¯\w krjvSn-¡p-Itbm hnizm-k¯ - n-
eqsS hyànkwkvI-cWw km[n-¡p-I
tbm AÃ;- cmjv{So-b-h¡-c-W-¯n-sâ
bpw hyàn-Isf I¨-hSw sN¿p¶ A[n-
\n-th-i¯ - n-sâbpw coXn-If - mWv.- {]mY-anI
L«-¯n X§-fpsS hnizmkw sh¨p-
am-äp-hmt\m asäm¶v ]I-c-sa-Sp-¡mt\m
B{^n-¡¡ - msc \nÀ_-Ôn-¡msX X{´-
]qÀhw \o§p¶ anj-W-dn-amÀ, s]s«¶v
c£-s¸-Sm-\m-hm¯ hn[-¯n-epÅ Hcp
cmh-W³ tIm«-bn AI-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ib - m
Wv sN¿p-¶X - v. C¯-cs - amcp NXn-{]-tbm-
K-¯n\v aX-{]-Nm- c-W¯ - nsâ ]Xnhv coXn-
IÄ¡-¸pdw A[n-\n-th-i-¯n-sâbpw
B[n-]X - y-¯n-sâbpw I¨-hS X{´-§f - m
Wv anj-Wd- n-amÀ- D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶X - v. kaq-
l-¯nse Ac-£n-Xm-h-Ø-Ifpw Imep-
jy-§-fp-sams¡ C¡m-cy-¯n AhÀ
D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-dp-­v. CkvemanI kaq-l-
¯nse B`y´c- {]iv\-§-fpsS ]Ým
¯e¯n t]mepw X§-fpsS I¨-h-S-
¯nsâ X{´-§Ä hn¯n-d¡n apf-¸n-s¨-
Sp-¡m³ anj-Wd- n-amÀ ]cn-{i-an-¨p-sIm-­n-
cn-¡p-¶p-­v. aq¶m-temI cmjv{S-§Ä,
hwio-b-þ-hÀKo-b-X-IÄ \ne-\n¡p¶
kaql§Ä Xo{h-hm-Zhpw `oI-ch - m-Zhpw
Akz-ØX - I- f
- p-­m-¡p¶ P\-ka- q-l§ -
Ä F¶n-hn-S§ - f- n-te¡v Igp-I³ I®p-I-
fp-ambn Däp-t\m-¡p¶ BtKmf km{am-
Py-Xz-¯nsâ \ng-embn ss{IkvXh k`-
I-fp-ap­v F¶Xv A\n-tj-[y-amb hkv
Xp-Xb- m-Wv.
A[n-\n-th-i¯
- nsâ D]m-[n-IÄ
]e-t¸mgpw Zpcq-l-X-IÄ anj-Wdn
{]hÀ¯-\¯ - nsâ apJ-Om-bI - sf \nÀW-
bn-¡m-dp-­v. Cc« apJ-apÅ kao-]-\-§
fpw Ahy-àa- mb \ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw Ahew-
_n¡p-¶-tXm-sSm¸w Xs¶ GXv X{´-
§fpw kz´w XmÂ]-cy-§Ä¡mbn kzo
I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn bmsXmcp sXäp-an-sö
ZrV-amb hnizm-ka- mWv Ahsc \bn-¡p-
¶-Xv. e£yw amÀKs¯ \nÀW-bn¡pw
F¶ Nn´m-KXn F¡m-e¯pw anj-Wdn
a- m-cpsS Ah-ew-_a- m-bX
- mbn ImWmw. P\-
kw-Jym-[n-jvTn-X-amb XmÂ]-cy-§fpw
AXnsâ t{]c-I-i-àn-bm-bn -hÀ¯n-
¡p¶ A[n-\n-thi- cmjv{So-bhpw IqSn-
t¨À¶ {]h-W-X-IÄ BtKmf am\-h-cm-
in¡v kr jvSn-¡p-¶- Zp-c´§sfbpw Ah-
bpsS _lp-hn-[§ - f - mb Xncn-¨S- n-Isfbpw-
-kz´w hfÀ¨¡v cmk-Xz-c-I-§-fm-¡p-I-
bmWv anj-W-dn-amÀ sN¿p-¶-Xv. amdnb
BtKmf kml-N-cy-§-fp-sSbpw B[p-
\nI Pohn- X - ¯ n- s âbpw ]cnjv I rX
PohnX aqey§- f p- s Sbpw shfn¨w
IS¶psN¶n-«n-Ãm¯ kaq-l§ - sf X§-
fpsS A[n-\n-thi X{´-§Ä¡v hnt[-
b-am-¡p-hm³ hfsc Ffp¸w anj-Wn-
amÀ¡v Ign-bp-¶p. hyh-Øm-]nX `c-W-
Iq-S-§-fpw hnI-knX kaq-l-§fpw \ne-
hn-epÅ cmPy-§-fn `oI-c-hm-Z-¯n-
sâbpw Xo{h-hm-Z-¯n-sâbpw hn¯p-hn-
BtKm-f- `o-I-c-hm-Z-¯nsâ ad-]n-Sn¨v Ckveman-s\-Xn-cn \S-¡p¶ ssk\n-Ihpw Bi-b-]-c-hp-amb
\o¡-§Ä¡v ss{IkvXh k`-I-fpsS ]n´p-Wbpw ]n³_ehpw kpe-`-ambn e`n-¡p-¶p-­v. F¶mÂ
Cu bmYmÀY-yw temI{i²-bn \n¶v ad-¨p-]n-Sn-¨-p-sIm-­mWv aX-k-a-ql-§fpw aX-`o-I-c-hm-Zhpw
X½nepÅ _Ô-s¯-¡-p-dn¨v Nne k`-IÄ A-`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S-\w- \-S-¯p-¶-Xv- .
2007 G-{]n-Â-
X¨v ss{Ikv X h h¡- c - W - ¯ nsâ
hnfhv sIm¿p¶ kao-]-\hpw Ah-ew-
_n-¡s - ¸-«p-hc- p¶p­v. BtKmf kml-N-
cy-¯n Ckveman\pw apkvenwIÄ¡p-
sa-Xn-cmb A[n-\n-thi k½ÀZ- X{´-
§Ä cq]-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw {]tbm-Kn-¡p-I
bpw sNbvXp-sIm­v ss{IkvX-hX-bnÂ
A[n-jvT-X-amb BtKm-f-h¡-cWw
km[n-¡m-sa¶-mWv anj-Wd- n-amÀ Icp-Xp-
¶-Xv. AXp-sIm-­p-Xs¶ Ckvemwhn-cp
² Nn´m-KX - n-IÄ¡v kml-Nc- y-sam-cp-¡p
¶ {]iv\§fpw hnj-b-§fpw cq]-s¸-Sp-
¯p-Ibpw \ne-\nÀ¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶Xv
anj-Wdn XmÂ]cy-§f - n Bh-iy-am-bn-
h-cp¶ ]Xnhv X{´-am-Wv. Ckvemansâ
t]cn BhÀ`-hn-¡p¶ lnwkmXvaI
{]h-W-X-Isf Xmtem-en-¡p-Ibpw kwc-
£n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶X - n anj-Wd- n-amÀ
hln-¡p¶ ]¦m-fn¯w AXo-h-tKm-]y-
amb H¶-Ã.-
"Ckv-e-m-anI `oI-c-hm-Z'--¯n-sâbpw
Xo{h-hm-Z¯- n-sâbpw KpW-t`m-àm-¡f - psS
Iq«-¯n BtKmf anj-W-dn-amÀ H¶mw-
\n-c-bn-ep-­v. sk]vXw-_À ]Xn-s\m¶v
kw`-h¯ - n\p- ti-jw- C-¡m-cyw- tem-I¯ - n-
\p- hy-à-am-bn-«p--­v.-
BtKm-fX - e- ¯
- n Ckvemansâ ku
ay-amb ]cn-hÀ¯\ tijn-s¡-Xn-cn D]-
tbm-Kn-¡m-\pÅ Hcp kw`hw F¶ \ne-
bn sk]vXw-_À ]Xn-s\m¶v kw`-h
s¯ anj-W-dn-amÀ kt´m-j-]qÀh-amWv
kzoI-cn-¨-Xv. hfsc KqV-amb co-Xn-bnÂ-
Ckveman-s\-Xn-cm-bpÅ \o¡-§Ä \S-
¯p-hm³ B kw`hw D]-tbm-Kn-¡-s¸-«n-
«p-­v. AtX-ka- bw D]-cn-Xe - ¯
- n c­v
aX-hn-`m-K§ - Ä X½n bmsXmcp {]iv\-
hp-anà F¶ \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-¨p-sIm­v
X§-fpsS A[n-\n-thi \o¡-§Ä temI-
¯nsâ I®nÂ\n¶v ad-¨p-]n-Sn-¡p-hm³
AhÀ {ian-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-«p-­v.
Cdm-¡n-s\-Xn-cmb Ata-cn-¡³ ssk
\nI \o¡s¯ t]m¸v tPm¬t]mÄ c
­m-a³ ]c-ky-ambn hnaÀin-¨n-cp-¶p-sh-
¦nepw hnhn[ cmjv{S-§f - nÂ, {]tXy-In¨v
k`-I-fn X\n¡v sNep-¯p-hm³ Ign-
31
bp¶ kzm[o\w D]-tbm-Kn¨v Hcp Xncp-
¯Â iàn-bm-Ip-hm³ ss{IkvXh kaq-
ls¯ At±lw t{]cn-¸n-¡m-Xn-cp-¶-Xv
t_m[-]qÀh-am-Wv. BtKmf imànI
cmjv{S-§-fmb {_n«-\nepw Ata-cn-¡-bn
epw {^m³knepw It¯m-en¡m k`¡v
kzm[o-\hpw iànbpw ]cn-an-X-amWv
F¶ \ymbo-Ic- Ww ]dªv Hgn-bp-hm³
F´m-bmepw t]m¸n\v km[n-¡p-am-bn-cp-
¶n-Ã. D]-cn-¹-h-amb Xsâ {]kvXmh\m
X{´-¯nÂ\n¶v {Inbm-ß-I-amb \o¡-
¯n-te¡v Nph-Sp-sh-bv¡m³ tPm¬t]m
Ä c­m-a³ {ian-¨n-Ã F¶-XmWv kXyw.
BtKm-f-`o-I-c-hm-Z-¯nsâ ad-]n-Sn¨v
Ckveman-s\-Xn-cn \S-¡p¶ ssk\n-I
hpw Bi-b-]-c-hp-amb \o¡-§Ä¡v
ss{IkvXh k`-If - psS ]n´p-Wbpw ]n³
_ehpw kpe-`-ambn e`n-¡p-¶p-­v. F
¶m Cu bmYmÀY-yw temI{i²-bnÂ
\n¶v ad-¨p-]n-Sn-¨p- s - Im-­mWv aX-ka- q- l - -
§fpw aX- ` o- I - c - h m- Z hpw X½nepÅ
_Ô-s¯-¡-p-dn¨v Nne k`-IÄ D]-cn-
¹h kz`m-ht- ¯m-Sp-Iq-Snb \nco-£W - § -
fpw A`n-{]mb{]I-S\ - §- fpw \S-¯p-¶X - .v
sk]vXw-_À ]Xn-s\m¶v kw`-hs¯
XpSÀ¶v bqtdm-¸nepw ]mÝmXy cmjv{S-
§-fnepw Ckveman\pw apkvenwIÄ¡p-
sa-Xn-cn \S¶ B{I-W-§Ä¡v k`-I-
fp-sSbpw {InkvXy³ aX-ta-e-[y-£-·m-cp-
sSbpw ]n³_ew th­-{X-bp-­m-bn-cp-
¶p. F¶m aX-§Ä C¯cw Xo{h-hm-
Z-þ`- o-Ic- h- mZ {]hÀ¯-\§ - Ä¡v D¯-ch - m-
Zn-If - à F¶ kao-]\ - a- mWv {]Xy-£¯ - n
 Nne k`-IÄ kzoI-cn-¨X - v. adp-hi - ¯v
sh_vsskäp-I-fnepw {KÙ-§-fnepw am
[y-a§ - f - n-ep-ambn AXn-ià - a- mb Bib
{]N-cW - ¯ - n\v ss{IkvXh anj-Wd- n-amÀ
k¶m-l-sam-cp-¡bpw sNbvXp. `oI-c-hm-
Zhpw Xo{h-hm-Zhpw Ckvemansâ P·-kz-
`m-hhpw hÀK-e£ - W - h - p-amWv F¶- \ne-
]m-Sn-eq¶n \n¶p-sIm-­pÅ {]N-c-W-am
Wv Nne anj-Wd- n-amÀ \S-¯n-bX - v. kuay-
X-bp-sSbpw kvt\l-¯n-sâbpw kln-jv
Wp-Xb - p-sSbpw apJ]Sw- F-Sp-¯W - n-ªp
sIm­v Ckveman-s\-Xn-cn-epÅ KqV-\o-
¡-§Ä¡v t\XrXzw \ÂIn-b-Xn-eqsS
BtKmf anj-W-dn-amÀ A[n-\n-thi
X{´-§-fpsS ]pXnb cq]-§Ä {]tbm-K-
¯n hcp-¯p-Ib - m-bn-cp-¶p kXy-¯nÂ.
Ckveman\pw apkvenw kaq-l-¯n\pw
bYmÀY- hnizm-kn-IÄ¡pw `oI-ch - m-Z¯- n
sâ ]m]-¯n ]¦m-fn-¯-anà F¶v ]c-
ky-ambn ]d-bp-Ibpw F¶m Ckvemw
temI-¯p-\n¶v A{]-Xy-£a- m-hpI F¶-
Xp-am-{X-amWv BtKmf kam-[m-\-¯n-\p
Å GI amÀKw F¶v cl-ky-ambn {]N-
cn-¸n-¡p-I-bp-amWv ss{IkvXh k`-IÄ
sNbvXX - .v ss{IkvXh {]kn-²o-Ic- W - § - -
fnepw k`m kmln-Xy-§f - n-ep-saÃmw Cu
kao-]-\-¯nsâ AS-bm-f-§Ä \ndªv
Ihn-ªp-Im-Wmw.
Ckveman-s\-Xn-cn Hfn-b-s¼-¿p¶
anj-Wdn X{´-¯n\v AXn-tâ-Xmb KqV-
XmÂ]-cy-§Ä- D­mbncn-¡p-sa-¶Xv Ah-
K-Wn-¡m-hp¶ Imcy-a-Ã. apkvenwIÄ
sam¯w `oI-c-hm-Zn-I-f-Ã, Ckvemwa-X
]Þn-X-·mÀ KWy-amb ]¦pw `oI-c-hm-
Z-¯n-s\-Xn-cmWv XpS-§nb hmZ-K-Xn-IÄ
AwKo-I-cn-¡p-I-bpw F¶m KqV-ambn
Ckvemans\ Ipä-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-
¶-hÀ ss{IkvXh Xm-Â]-cym-\p-kr-X-
apÅ Hcp s]mfn-s¨-gp¯v CkvemanÂ
Bh-iy-am-sW¶v [z\n-¸n-¨p-sIm-­mWv
X§-fpsS NÀ¨-IÄ Ah-km-\n-¸n-¡m-dp-
f-f-Xv. sk]vXw_À ]Xn-s\m¶v kw`-h-
¯nsâ shfn-¨-¯n apkvenwþ-ss{I-
kvXh _Ô-§Ä hni-I-e\w sN¿p-¶-
hÀ Ah-ew-_n-¨n-«p-ÅXv bYmÀY-¯nÂ
taÂdª kao-]-\-am-Wv. ""kXy-Zo]w
hmcnI'' Sm³km\n-bm-bnse At¸m
kvXmenIv \q¬tjymbmbn \nb-an-¡-
s¸« BÀ¨v _nj¸v tPmk^v tNt¶m-
¯p-ambn \S-¯nb A`n-ap-J-¯n C{]-
Imcw ImWmw:-
""tNmZyw:- Ata-cn-¡b - nse thÄUv t{S
Uv skâÀ B{I-an-¡-s¸-«Xv {InkvXy³-
þ-apkvenw _Ô-§Ä hj-fm-Ip-¶-Xn\v
Imc-Wa- m-bn-«pt­m?-''
""D¯cw:- thÄUv t{SUv skâ-dnse
B{I-aWw {InkvXy³-þ-apkvenw hg-¡n
sâ {]Xn-^e - \
- s
- am-¶p-aà - . aX-{`m-´· - mÀ
AXn\v ]n¶n-ep-­m-Imw. F¶m {Inkv
apkvenwIÄ sam¯w `oI-c-hm-Zn-I-f-Ã, Ckvemwa-X ]Þn-X-·mÀ KWy-amb ]¦pw `oI-c-hm-Z-¯n-s\-Xn-
cmWv XpS-§nb hmZ-KX
- n-IÄ AwKo-Ic - n-¡p-Ib
Ibpw sN¿p-¶-hÀ ss{IkvXh Xm-Â]-cym-\p-kr-X-apÅ Hcp s]mfn-s¨-gp¯v Ckveman Bh-iy-am-
sW¶v [z\n-¸n-¨p-sIm-­mWv X§-fpsS NÀ¨-IÄ Ah-km-\n-¸n-¡m-dp-f-f-Xv.
2007 G-{]n-Â-
Xp-a-Xhpw Ckvemwa-Xhpw X½n `n¶-
X-IÄ D­m-Im³ AXv Imc-Wa- m-In-Ã. aX-
§Ä ]c-kv]cw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. AXn-
ÃmsX h¶m hg-¡p-IÄ D­m-Ipw. aX-
au-enI hmZn-IÄ ]d-bp-¶X - Ã aX-t\-Xm-
¡Ä {i²n-t¡-­-Xv. ]c-kv]cw Adn-
bm\pw ASp-¡m\pw AhÀ bXv\n-¡W
kw`m-j-W-§-fn GÀs¸-SWw'' (k-Xy-
Zo]w,- 2005 Pq¬ 29, t]Pv 12).
bYmÀY-¯n C¯-c-samcp kao-]
\w {]Xy-£-¯n kzoI-cn-¡p¶ k`-
IÄ Xs¶ ]-tc-m-£-ambn Ckvemans\
AS-¨m-t£-]n-¡p-Ib - mWv sN¿p-¶X
kv]cw ASp-¡-W-sa¶pw Adn-b-W-sa
¶pw ]d-bp¶ k`-If - psS t\XrXzw AXn-
\pÅ {ia-§-fnÂ\n¶pw t_m[-]qÀh-w
]nd-tIm«v t]mhp-Ib - mWv sNbvXn-«p-ÅX
BtKm-fX - e- ¯- n Xs¶, `oI-ch - m-Z¯- n
sâ ss]XrIw Ckveman sI«n-h¨v aXm-
´-c_ - Ô
- § - f - n \n¶v k`-IÄ ]n³amdp-
¶-XmWv \mw ImWp-¶X - v.
ss{IkvXh anj-Wdn {]hÀ¯-\§
fpsS A[n-\n-thi kz`mhw sk]vXw-_À
]Xn-s\m¶v kw`-h¯ - n-\p-tijw IqSp-XÂ
Xo{h-am-bn-¯o-cp-I-bm-Wp-­m-b-Xv. IqSp-
XÂ anj-Wd- n-amcpw Ckvemw hncp² B
ib {]N-cW iàn-Ifpw cwK¯vh¶p.
km{am-Py¯w km¼-¯nI ]n³_-ehpw
Bib ]n³_ehpw \ÂIp¶ ss{IkvX
h anj-Wdn {]hÀ¯-\-¯n\v ]pd-sa,
\nÀZ-njvS {]Xn-^e - hpw kvt]m¬kÀjn
¸pw hmKvZm\w sNbvXv ]pd-¯n-d-¡nb
Ckvemw hncp² Bib {]Nm-c-Icpw
kPo-ha- m-bn-¯oÀ¶Xv AXn\v tij-amWv.
ss{IkvXh hnizm-k§ - f - p-sSbpw BZÀi-
§-fp-sSbpw {]Nm-c-W-s¯-¡mÄ D]-cn,
CkvemanI hnizm-k§ - f - p-sSbpw BZÀi-
§-fp-sSbpw t\À¡v s]mXp-ka- q-l¯
apkvenwI-fnepw AI¨ krjvSn-¡p¶
{]hÀ¯-\-§Ä¡mWv C¯cw Cd-¡p-
aXn sN¿-s¸« anj-W-dn-amÀ ap³Xq¡w
\ÂIp-¶X - v.
Ckvemw `oXn-bp-WÀ¯p¶ Hcp X
¯-zi- m-kv{X-amWv F¶ [mcW hym]n¸n-
¡p-I,- apkvenwIÄ Ah-cpsS aX-¯nÂ
- pw F¶m KqV-ambn Ckvemans\ Ipä-s¸-Sp-¯p-
32
\n¶v ]n³amdp-hm³- ka-b-am-bn-cn-¡p¶p
F¶v apkvenwIsf t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯p-hm³
{ian-¡p-I,- {]hm-N-I³,- JpÀ-B³ F¶o
LS-I-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« apkvenw
Ah-t_m-[§ - sf hnI-ea- m-¡pI XpS-§n-
b £p{Z Z- u-Xy-§f - mWv Cu ]pXnb anj-
- w. W-dn-amÀ¡v \nÀhln-¡p-hm-\p-ÅX - .v Ata-
cn-¡-bn-sebpw {_n«-\n-sebpw s{]m«-Ì
â vkw-L-S-\-Ifpw Ata-cn-¡³-þ-{_n-«¬
km{am-PyXz iàn-Ifpw X½n sk]vXw-
_À ]Xn-s\m¶v kw`-h-¯n-\p-tijw
\ne-hnÂh¶ [mc-W-bpsS ASn-Øm-\-
¯n \nc-h[n tImSn tUmf-dp-IÄ
- .v ]c-
Xs¶bpw taÂ]dª e£yw ap³\nÀ
¯n-bpÅ {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä¡mbn \o¡n-
sh-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bp-­m-bn. temI-¯nsâ
- v. hnhn[ `mK-§-fn s{]m«-Ìâ v anj-W-
dn-amÀ ]pXp-Xmbn cwK-¯n-d-¡nb £p{Z-
Ir-Xn-IÄ Gsd-bmWv. Ch-bn JpÀB
\n-s\bpw {]hm-N-I-Xz-s¯bpw AÔ-am
bn hnaÀin-¡p-I-bpw AS-¨m-t£-]n-¡p-
I-bpw sN¿p¶ \ne-hmcw Ipdª km
- - ln-Xy-§fpw DÄs¸Sp-¶p-­v. C§v tIc-
f-¯n-e-S¡w Cu kz`m-h-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Snb
kmln-Xy-§Ä, ss{IkvXh anj-Wdn
{]hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ ad-]n-Sn¨v hnX-cWw
sN¿-s¸-Sp-Ib - p-­m-bn. Ah-bn Ckvem
ans\ Icn-tX¨v ImWn-¡m-\pÅ {ia-§Ä
]¨-bm-bn-¡m- W - mw.
hnip² JpÀB\n-s\-Xn-cmb _ZÂ
""AÂ^pÀJm\pw'' Xncp-Zq-Xcp-sS-(e)- Pohn-
Xs¯ hnI-ea- mbn Nn{Xo-Ic- n-¡p¶ {]hm-
NI Poh-Nc- n-{X-§fpw apkvenwI-fn hym
]n-¸n-¨p-sIm­v apkvenwIsf Ahn-izm-kn-
I-fm¡n amäp-hm-\pÅ Nne anj-W-dn-am-
cpsS {ia-§Ä BtKm-f`- o-Ic- h - m-Z¯- n-s\-
Xn-cmbn Ata-cn¡ \S-¸n-em-¡p-¶ ""Ckv
emansâ eLq-Ic- Ww-, CkvemanI hnizm-
- nepw
k-§f - psS t\À¸n-¡Â'' F¶n-hb - p-ambn
_Ô-s¸« AP-­I - f- psS `mK-am-bn-cp¶p.-
apkvenwIÄ {InkvXym-\n-If - m-bn-sÃ-¦nÂ
t]mepw {]iv\a- n-Ã. F¶m AhÀ apkv
enwI-fmbn XpS-cp-¶X - mWv {]iv\w F¶
\ne-]m-Sn A[n-jvTn-X-am-bmWv Ata-cn-
¡³ km{am-Py¯-w Ckveman-s\-Xn-cmb
{]N-c-W-¨p-a-Xe s{]m«-Ìâ v anj-W-dn-
amÀ¡v `m-Kn-¨v- \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu
\nÀtZ-ihpw \b-]c- a- mb amÀK-ZÀi-\hpw
A\p-kc- n-¨pÅ {]hÀ¯-\§ - f - mWv tIc-
f-¯nepw C´y-bpsS aäp `mK-§-fnepw
apkvenwIġn-S-bn ss{IkvXh anj-
W-dn-amÀ \S-¯n-s¡m-­n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
C´y-bnse Ckvemans\ t\À¸n-s¨-
Sp-¡p-¶-Xn\pw apkvenwIsf shdpw P\-
kwJym apkvenwI-fm¡n amäp-hm-\p-apÅ
_rl-¯mb ]²-Xn-IÄ Chn-Ss¯ s{]m
«-Ìâ v anj-Wd- n-am-cpsS AP-­b - n-ep-­v.
apkvenw hncp² kmln-Xy-§Ä {]N-cn¸n-
¡m-\mbn ]Wn-sb-Sp¯p-sIm­n-cn-¡p-¶-
hÀ Cu AP-­I - f - p-am-bmWv \o§n-s¡m-
­n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. ]Whpw {]tem-`-\hpw
BtKmf kz`m-h-apÅ hmKvZm\-§fpw
\ÂIn apkvenwIsf a\-¸-cn-hÀ¯\w
sN¿n-¡p¶ anj-Wd- n-amÀ Ah-cpsS aXw
kzoI-cn-¡-W-sa¶v apkvenwIsf \nÀ_-
Ôn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-Ib - pw F¶m Ckvemw
Dt]-£n-¡m³ t{]cn-¸n-¡p-Ib - pw sN¿p¶
ØnXn-hn-tijw sk]vXw_À ]Xn-s\m-
¶nsâ XpSÀ L«-¯n BtKm-fX - e- ¯- n
 Xs¶ cq]-s¸-«p-h-¶-Xnsâ XpSÀ¨ C
´y-bnepw ImWm-hp-¶X - m-Wv. ss__nÄ
kXy-th-Zs - a¶v ]d-bp-¶X - n-s\-¡mÄ ]cn-
K-W\, JpÀ-B³ apl-½Zv \-_n-(e)-bp
sS kz´w cN-\-bmWv F¶v ]d-bp-¶-Xn
\v s{]m«-Ìâ v anj-W-dn-amÀ \ÂIp-¶Xv
Cu XpSÀ¨-bpsS kzm[o\ ^e-am-bn-«m-
Wv.
C¯cw PpKp]vkmh-l§ - fm-b- AP-
­-If - p-ambn \o§p¶ anj-Wd- n-amÀ tIc-
f-¯nepw kPo-ha- mWv F¶Xv {i²m-]qÀ
h-w ho£n-t¡-­p¶ Hcp hnj-b-am-Wv.
apkvenw \ma-[m-cn-Isf Is­-¯p-Ibpw
AhÀ¡v `u-Xn-I- kuI-cy-§Ä- \ÂIn
Ah-cnÂ\n¶v Ckvemans\ ]dn-¨p-am-äp-
Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm­v,- ss{IkvXh - h
- ¡-
c-W¯- n\v A\ptbm-Py- a- mb Hc-hØ - b - nÂ
\ne-\n¡p¶ HcmÄ¡q«w ChnsS Dcp-
¯n-cn-ªp-hc- W - s - a¶v B{K-ln¨v {]hÀ
¯n-¡p¶ "\yqtlm]vanj³' t]mse-bp
Å kwL-S\ - I
- Ä Ata-cn-¡³ km{am-Py-
Xz-¯nsâ Ckvemwhncp² ^­n \n
¶pw hnlnXw ]äp-¶h - b- ms-W¶p- a-\Ênem-
hn-aÀ-i-\- te-J-\-§Ä- {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-hm³- BÀ-P-hw- Im-Wn-¡p-¶- am-kn-I-bm-Wv- "kvt\l- kw-hm-Zw-'
F-¶-dn-bm-sa-¦n-epw- a-dp-]-Sn-sb-gp-Xn- A-b¡p-hm³- A-hÀ- {i-an-¡m-dn-Ã. ss_-_nÄ-sI-m-­v- sX-fn-bn-¡p-
hm³- ]-äm-¯- X-§-fp-sS- a-X-Im-cy-§Ä-¡v- JpÀ-B-\nÂ- sX-fn-hp- I-s­-¯m-\p-Å- Xo{h- {iaam-Wv-
anjW-dn-amÀ- \-S-¯p-¶-sX-¶-Xv- hnNn-{X-I-c-am-b- Im-cy-am-Wv.-
2007 G-{]n-Â-
¡m³ A-km-am-\y- _p-²n-sbm-¶pw- th­. ss{IkvXh GPâp-am-cpsS ]Ww
tI-c-f-¯nÂ- A-d-_n- kw-km-cn-¡p-¶- ]äp¶ anj-W-dn-amcpw `oI-c-hm-Zn-I-fpsS
{In-kv-Xym-\n-I-fp-Å-Xm-bn- A-dn-bn-Ã.- F- ]Ww ]äp¶ apkvenw hncp² iànI
¶mÂ- A-d-_n- t]-cp-I-fnÂ- an-j-W-dn-amÀ- fpw \nÀh-ln-¡p¶ £p{Z-Zu-Xy-¯nsâ
{]-kn-²o-I-c-W-§-fn-d-¡p-¶p-­v.- H-cp- C- kam-\X - I- Ä \nc-h[ - n-bm-Wv. apkvenwþ-A-
kv-em-an-I- {]-kn-²o-I-c-Ww- F-¶v- sI-«n- apkvenw kaq-l-§-fnse Aim-´n-bpsS
epw- a-«n-epw- tXm-¶n-¸n-¡p-¶- A-¯c- w- {]- ]m]-¨p-a-Sp-I-f-{Xbpw Ckveman-sâbpw
kn-²oI-cW - § - f- p-sS- e-£yw ap-kve - nw- k CkvemanI hnizm-km-ZÀi-§-fp-sSbpw
aq-l-¯n-se- A-dn-hn-Ãm-¯-h-cp-sS- hn-izm- Npa-en sI«n-sh-¡p-hm³ e`n-¡p¶
k-s¯- hn-I-e-am-¡p-I-bpw-- A-h-cp-sS- hn- Hmtcm Ah-kc- hpw- bYmÀY-¯n s{]m«-
izm-k-¯nÂ- kw-i-bw- P-\n-¸n-¡p-I-bp-am- Ìâ v anjWdn-amÀ¡v kphÀWm-hk - c- §
- -
sW-¶- Im-cyw- h - y-àa- m-Wv.- Xr-iq-cnÂ- \n- fm-W.v {InkvXp-hnsâ im´n-Zq-Xn-\p-]I - cw
¶n-d§ - p-¶- "AÂ-þ\qÀ' F-¶- ss{X-am-kn- Ckvemansâ t]cn-epÅ Aim-´n-Zp-Xn-
I- A-Xn-s\m-cp-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv.- A-Xn-s³-d- \m-W-hÀ Ct¸mÄ ap´nb ]cn-K-W\
G-ä-hpw- ]p-Xn-b- e-¡-¯ns³-d- B-sI-bp- \ÂIp-¶-sX¶v Ah-cpsS {]hÀ¯-\-
Å- ap-¸-Xv- t]-Pp-I-fnÂ-- -]-Xn-t\-gv- t]-PpI §Ä \nco-£n-¨m a\-Ên-em-¡p-hm³
fpw- ss{I-kv-X-h-X-sb-bpw- ss_-_n-fn-s\- Ign-bpw. apkvenw hncp² {]NmcW-§-
bpw- {Xn-Xz-s¯-bpw- Ip-cn-ip-ac- W - s - ¯-bpw- fpsS D]m-[n-I-fmbn Ckvemans\ \nµn-
Jp-À-B-³- Aw-Ko-I-cn¡p-¶p- F-¶v- k-aÀ- ¡p¶ kmln- X y- § Ä am{X- a - Ã , B
Yn-¡p-hm-\m-W-v D-]t- bm-Kn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶X - .v - A kmln-Xy-§f - psS t]cn apkvenw ]oU-
d-_n-bnÂ- X-s¶- JpÀ-B³- kq-à-§Ä- \-§fpw JpÀ-B³ \nµ-Ifpw anj-W-dn-
sIm-Sp-¡-p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-«p-­v.- JpÀ-B³- amÀ Gsd XmÂ]-cy-t¯msS apkvenw cm
kq-à-§-sf- X-§-fp-sS- XmÂ-]-cym-\p-k- Py-§f - n {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-Ib - pw apkvenw hn
c-Ww- ZpÀ-hym-Jy-m-\n-¨p-sIm-­p-Å- C-¯- izm-kn-I-fn F¯n-¡p-I-bpw sN¿p-¶-
cw- k-aÀ-Y\ - §
- Ä- ]p-Xn-bX - Ã- ;- - A-hb - v¡- p- Xn\v ]n¶nse tNtXm-hn-Imcw apkvenw
Å- a-dp-]-Sn-IÄ- ap-kv-enw- ]-Þn-X-·mÀ- hnIm-c§ - Ä {hW-s¸-Sp¯n apX-se-Sp-¡p
\Â-Ip-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-«p-­v.- F-¶n-«pw- A- I F¶-Xm-Wv. ap-kvenwIsf sshIm-cnI
Xp-Xs - ¶- B-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶p- F-¶p- am-{Xw. hpw hnizm-k-]-c-hp-ambn {]tIm-]n-¸n¡p
- "kvt\-l- kw-hm-Z'-¯n-s³-d- hn-hn-[- ¶ F´n\pw km{am-Py-¯- -am-[y-a-§fpw
e-¡-§-fnÂ- {Xn-X-zw,- Ip-cn-ip-a-c-Ww- t]-m- {InkvXy³ anj-Wd- n-amcpw \ÂIp¶ ]cn-
ep-Å-ss{I-kv-X-h- hni-zm-k-§-fp-sS-bpw- K-W\ Gsd hep-Xm-Wv. im´nZqX-·m-
IÀ-a§ - f - p-sS-bpw- AÀ-Yi - q-\y-Xb - pw- ss_- sc¶v kzbw \Sn-¡p¶ anj-W-dn-amÀ
_n-fn-s³d- t]m-epw- ]n-´p-Wb - n-Ãm-bva- b - pw- Ckveman-s\bpw apkvenwI-sfbpw A]-
Nq-­n¡m-Wn-¡p-¶- \n-ch - [ - n- te-J\ - § - Ä- I-Ss- ¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw {]tIm-]n-¸n-¡p-Ibpw
{]-kn-²o-Ic- n-¨n-«p-­.v - an-jW - d- n-amÀ- A-sXm- sNbvXp-sIm-­mWv km{am-Py¯- XmÂ]-
¶pw- I-­-Xm-bn- `m-hn-¡m-dn-Ã. cy- ¯ n- e - [ n- j v T n- X - a mb Hcp BtKmf
- hn-aÀ-i-\- te-J-\-§Ä- {]-kn-²o-I- ssZh-cm-Py-¯n-\p-th­n ]cn-{i-an-¨p-sIm-
cn-¡p-hm³- BÀ-P-hw- Im-Wn-¡p-¶- am-kn- ­n-cn-¡p-¶Xv F¶Xv AXy-[nIw hnNn-
I-bm-Wv- "kvt\l- kw-hm-Zw-' F-¶-dn-bm- {X-I-c-amb Hcp ka-Im-enI bmYmÀY-y-
sa-¦n-epw- a-dp-]-Sn-sb-gp-Xn- A-b¡p-hm³- am-Wv. F¡m-e¯pw km{am-Py-¯¯ - nsâ
A-hÀ- {i-an-¡m-dn-Ã. ss_-_nÄ-sI-m-­v- D]-Ic- W- a- mbn am{Xsa {InkvXp-aX - ¯- n\v
sX-fn-bn-¡p-hm³- ]-äm-¯- X-§-fp-sS- a-X- \ne-\n¡m³ km[n-¡-p-I-bp-Åq F¶
Im-cy-§Ä-¡-v JpÀ-B\ - nÂ- sX-fn-hp- I-s­- ]mT-¯n\v iàn ]I-cp-¶-XmWv taÂ
¯m-\p-Å- Xo{h- {iaam-Wv- an-j-W-dn-amÀ- ]dª bmYmÀY-yw.
\-S¯- p-¶s - X-¶X - v- hnNn-{X-Ic- a- m-b- Im-cy-
am-Wv.-
33
 k-aÀ-¸W
- ¯
- n-s³-d- cm-P]- m-Xb- n-te-¡v-
B-ß-o-b-am-b- sh-fn-¨w- tX-Sn- A-e-bp-I-bpw- H-Sp-hnÂ- C-kv-eman-s³-d-
im-Zz-e- Xo-c¯nt- e-¡v- h-s¶-¯p-Ib- pw- sN-bvX- - ]m-ivN- m-Xy-cm-b- Ip-sd-
h-\n-X-I-fp-sS- A-\p-`-h-§Ä- hn-h-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv- -A-h-cnÂ- s]-«- H-cm-
fmb- \m-Ca- - _n.- tdm-_À-«v.-

A-hÄ F-´n\- -v ]p-Xp-hg- n- kzoI- c- n¨- p?-

\m-C-a- _n.- tdm-_À-«v-

Hcp- apkve
- n-w ]pcp-j\p-ambpÅ {]W
b_ԯn\nSbn Hcp- kv{Xo Ckvemw
kzoIcn¨m AXv Ahs\ Xr]Xns¸Sp
¯m³, Ahs\ kz´am¡m³, Ah\p-
th­n Fs¶ÃmamWv Ghcp-w Icp-XpI.
F¶m CXv kXy¯n \n¶p-w
AXnhnZqcsa¶v Rm³ I­p. an¡ kw`
h§fnepw ]pcp-j ]¦mfn Hcp- DÂt{]c
Iw am{Xambn hÀ¯n¡p-Ibpw kv{XoIÄ
Ahcp-sS hnizmkw kzoIcn¡p-¶Xn\v
ap¼v- "Zo\ns\' kzX{´hpw KthjWm
ßIhpamb ]T\¯n\v hnt[bam¡p-I
bpw sN¿pambncp-¶p-.
DZmlcWambn, "¢mc'- bqWnthgvkn
änbn sh¨v "Kmc¯n'-s\ ]cnNbs¸Sp
t¼mÄ A\p-jv-T-m\§sfm¶p-anÃmXncp-
¶n«pw AbmÄ Hcp- apkvenamsW¶mWv
]dªXv. F¶mÂ, Hcp-ÿhÀjw "th\e
h[n¡p-ÿtijw Xncn¨ph¶t¸mÄ, Ckv
emans\¡p- d n¨dnbm\p- Å B{Klw
At±ls¯ Nn´m[o\\m¡nbXmbn A-
hÄ- I­p. ¢m-c- ]-d-b-s«-:-
""R§Ä I­pap«nbt¸mÄ Bßob
Xsb¡p-dn¨v Gsd kwkmcn¨p. {ItaW
At±lw Ckvem-anIm\p-jvT- m- \§Ä B
cw`n¡p-Ibmbncp-¶p-. "Zo\ns\'-¡p-dns¨
t¶mSv Ip-ds¨ms¡ ]dbpambncp-¶p-.
Fsâ Nn´maÞe§fn KmV-ambn
¯-s¶ aXw IS¶p-hcmdp­mbncp-¶p-.
Hfnªpw sXfnªpw AsXsâ ]ndsI
¯s¶bp­mbncp-¶p-. F¶mÂ- "F-´v?- '-
F¶ `mhambncp-¶p -FtâXv. \n§fn
ãs¸Sp¶sXt´m AXn hnizkn¡pI
F¶Xn Ihnªv H¶nsâbpw ]n¶nÂ
IqtS­XnÃ. ]pkvXI§Ä hmbn¡m³
At±lw Fs¶ t{]cn¸n¡p-ambncp-¶p-
sh¦nepw Rm³ hmbn¡mdnÃmbncp-¶p-.
ImcWw Rms\mcp- It¯men¡¡m-cn-bm-
bncp-¶p-;- AXv henb kamizmk{]Zsam
¶p-aÃmbncp-¶p-sh-¦nepw. AsX, Rm
s\mcp-ÿIt¯men¡¡mcnbmbncp-¶p-. A
Xn \n¶p-w hn`n¶amb bmsXm¶p-w
F\n¡mhiyanÃmbncp-¶p''--.
F¶m Kmc¯v Ckvemans\¡pdn
¨htfmSv ]dªpsImt­bncp-¶p-. Ah
fpsS hnizmks¯¡p-dn¨v kwkmcn¡m
³ t{]cn¸n¨psIm­v CkvemanI hnizm
k§sf¡p-dn¨v ]dbpambncp-¶p-.
""kXyw ]dªm CkvemamWv
kXyw Fs¶\n¡v {Kln¡m\mbn. F
¶m AXnse hn[nhne¡p-IÄ I­p

F¶m CXv kXy¯n \n¶p-w AXnhnZqcsa¶v Rm³ I­p. an¡ kw`h§fnepw ]pcp-j ]¦mfn Hcp-
DÂt{]cIw am{Xambn hÀ¯n¡p-Ibpw kv{XoIÄ Ahcp-sS hnizmkw kzoIcn¡p-¶Xn\v ap¼v- "Zo\ns\'
kzX{´hpw KthjWmßIhpamb ]T\¯n\v hnt[bam¡p-Ibpw sN¿pambncp-¶p-.

2007 G-{]n-Â- 34
sIm­v AXnÂ\n¶p-w Hgnªpamdm³
F\n¡mbXpanÃ''.-ÿÿ
BZyambn Kmc¯nsâ kztZiw kµ
Àin¨t¸mÄ Xs¶ Abmfhsf CXn\Iw
apkvenambn¡gnªncp-¶ Xsâ ktlm
Zcnbpsam¯v CkvemamtÇjn¨ asämcp-
kv{XobpsS ASp¡te¡b¨p. t¢iIc
amb B kµÀi\¯n\p- tijw aS¡
bm{Xbn Xoh­nbnÂsh¨v ¢mc Abm
tfmSp ]dªp: ""t\m, Rms\mcp apkven
aÃ. am{XaÃ,- \n§Ä a\Ênem¡p-I,
Rms\mcp apkvenamIm³ t]mIp-¶p-anÃ.
CtX¡p-dn¨v ho­pw kwkmcn¡m³ Rm
\nãs¸Sp¶p-anÃ''.- ÿ
Ip-sd Imew A§s\¯-s¶ I-gn-
ªp-t]m-bn-. AhcXns\¡p-dn¨v ho­pw
kwkmcn¡p-¶Xn\v ap¼-p Xs¶ Ckvem
ans\¡p-dn¨pw apkvenamIp-¶Xns\-¡pdn
¨psaÃmw ¢mc Nn´n¡p-Ibmbncp-¶p-.-ÿ
""Rm³ Imcyambn ]cnKWn¨ncp-¶
Fsâ PohnX coXnIsf¡p-dn¨v Nn´n
¡m\nS\ÂIp-¶ Nne kw`h§fp­m
bn. ¢ºnepw ab¡p-acp-¶nep-saÃmw F
\n¡v XmXv]cyw Ip-dªncp-¶p-sh¦nepw
BtcmSpaXv shfns¸Sp¯nbnÃ. Rm\
sXÃmw DÅnsemXp¡p-Ibmbncp-¶p.
Kmc¯nsâ Bib§Ä AwKoIcn¡pI
F¶Xv Hcp- ]t£,- bp²¯n tXmÂhn
k½Xn¡p-¶Xpt]msebmWv F\n¡\p-
`hs¸«Xv. B aÀ¡S apãn A-t¸mgpw
\ne\n¶ncp- ¶ p- . kwibanÃ;- Fsâ
ss{IkvXhX Xs¶! Rms\mcp- bqWn
thgvknän _pIvtjm¸n tPmensN¿sh,
]­t±lw Fsâ apdnbn Ct«¨pt]mb
CkvemanI ]pkvXI§Ä Rm³ hmbn
¨ncp-¶p-. A§s\ Hcp-ÿcm{Xn, Iq«pIm
scÃmw ^vfmäphn«pt]mb kabw,-- Rm³
Kmc¯psam¯v ]pds¯ apdnbn kw
kmcn¨ncn¡p-Ibmbncp-¶p-. A\p-\b
t¯msS At±lw tNmZn¨p:- ""Hcp- apkven-
amIm³ Xb-mdmbn¡-gnªpsh¶v \obn
t¸mÄ Icp-Xp¶p-t­m?''-
Rm\Xn\v Xb-mdmbncp-¶p- F¶XmWv
hm-kv-X-hw.- BbXn\m Rm³ ilmZ
¯vþ hnizmk¯nsâ kXykm£ywþ {]
AÐpdloan\v XmÂ-]cyapÅ H¶mbncp-\p- Ckvemw Fs¶\n¡dnbmambncp-¶p-. CSbvs¡Ãm-w
Ft¶mStX¡p-dn¨v ]dbpambncp-¶p-. ]Ivtj, At±l¯n\Xnen{Xbpw Kuchaps­¶v Rm\dnªncp-¶nÃ.
i\nbmgvNbnse ]peÀ¡me tjm¸nwKv Bthi¯n\v tijw aS§sh lbvtdmUn \n¶p-w At±lw F\n
s¡Xnsc h¶p-. ]Ånbn t]mbn ilmZ¯v sNmÃnbmWv hcp-¶Xv Fs¶t¶mSv ]mdªp.
2007 G-{]n-Â-
Jym]n¨p. F´psIms­¶v hniZoIcn
¡p-I Akm[yamWv. AÃmlp Fsâ
lrZbs¯ ]cnhÀ¯n¸n¨ncn¡-p-¶p-!-
Rm³ Hcp-ÿapkvenambncn¡p-¶p-!-
D½p apl½Zn\v- Ckvemans\¡p-dn¨
dnbm\mbXv AhfpsS ]¦mfnbm-b- A
ÐpdloaneqsSbmWv.-ÿÿ
""AÐpdloan\v XmÂ-]cyapÅ H¶m
bncp-\p- Ckvemw Fs¶\n¡dnbmambncp-
¶p-. CSbvs¡Ãm-w Ft¶mStX¡p-dn¨v ]d
bpambncp-¶p-. ]Ivtj, At±l¯n\Xn
en{Xbpw Kuchaps­¶v Rm\dnªn
cp-¶nÃ. i\nbmgvNbnse ]peÀ¡me
tjm¸nwKv Bthi¯n\v tijw aS§
sh lbvtdmUn \n¶p-w At±lw F\n
s¡Xnsc h¶p-. ]ÅnbnÂt]mbn ilm
Z¯v sNmÃnbmWv hcp-¶Xv Fs¶t¶mSv
]mdªp. "Hm.., icn, CXnembncp-¶p-
htà Xm¦fpsS hnizmkw' F¶ {]XnI
cWw am{Xambncp-¶p- FtâXv. apkven
ambXn\p- tijw At±lsa\ns¡mcp
JpÀB³ hm§n¯¶p-''-.
Ckvemans¡p-dn¨v hmbn¨psIm­ncp-
¶t¸msgÃmw AXmWv kXysa¶p-Å
t_m[yw D½p apl½Zn hÀ[-n¨p h¶p.
F¶m Xsâ hnt\mZ \nÀ`camb
PohnX coXn amäpI t¢iIcambXn\mÂ
Ahsfmcp-ÿXocp-am\¯nse¯nbnÃ. F
´mbmepw apl½Znsâ P\\ tijw
Ahsâ ]nXmhv icnbmwhn[w Ckvem
anI A\p-jvTm\§Ä Bcw`n¨p.- D½p
apl½Znt\mSv Ckvemans\¡p-dn¨v IqSp
XÂ kwkmcn¡p-Ibpw F§s\ {]mÀYn
¡Wsa¶v ]Tn¸n¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
""Rm\t¸mtg XÂ-]cbmbncp¶p-sh
¦nepw AXv {]mhÀ¯nIam¡m³ `bs¸
«p. CkvemanÂ- Ip-sd _m[yXIfps­
¶dnªncp-¶Xn\m AhsbÃmw ]men
¡m\mIp-tam F¶mbncp-¶p- Fsâ `bw.
DdpZphpw _wKmfnbpw Ad_nbpsaÃmw
]dbp¶ {]mbw sN¶hcmbncn¡pw-- F
Ãmhcp-w. Fs¶t¸mse Bcp-ap­mInÃ
Fs¶Ãmw Rm³ Icp-Xn. B Hcp-ÿ\o¡
s¯ \nÝbambpw Rm³ t]Sn¨ncp-¶p-.
]Ivtj,- Rm\t¸mÄ {]mÀY\ Bcw`n¨n
35
cp-¶p-. "Zn- satÊPv' F¶ kn\na Rm³
ImWp-Ibp­mbn. JpÀB\nepw lZoYn
epw Rm³ hmbn¨hsb¡p-dn¨v Hcp ka
{K ho£Ww \ÂIm³ Ckvemansâ {]m
cw` Imes¯¡p-dn¨pÅ B kn\na¡v
Ignªp. c­p amk¯n\p- tijw Ip
ªp P\n¨t¸mÄ, AÐpdlow Fs¶
hn«v ]ÅnbnÂt]mbn Xmakn¡m³ Xocp-
am\n¨p.ÿR§Ä XpSÀ¶p- t]m¶ncp-¶
AhØbn \ne\n¡m³ At±lw
Xb-mdmbncp-¶nÃ. A§s\ R§Ä thÀ
]ncnªp. At±ls¯ Gsd kvt\ln¨n
cp-¶Xn\m Rm\msI XIÀ¶p-t]mbn.
C\nbpw amdm³ Rm³ Xb-mdÃm¯Xn\m
emWv At±lanXv sNbvXsX¶v Rm\dn
ªp. i\nbmgvNIfn At±lw hcpam
bncp-¶p;- apl½Zns\ ImWm³. R§f
t¸mgpw hnhmlnXcÃmbncp-¶p F¶Xn
\m Rm\p-ambn kabw ]¦nSnÃmbncp-
¶p-. At±ls¯ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw
Hcp- apkvenamIm³ t]mIp-¶ Xsâ hgn
bn Hcp-ÿXSÊhpw ]mSnÃmbncp-¶p-''.-
]n¶oSv D½p apl½Zv Hcp-Iq«w apkv
enw bphXnIsf I­pap«n. hnhn[ hÀK-
§fn \n¶-pÅ - , hyXykvX ]Ým¯e
¯n \n¶p-Åhcmbncp-¶p- Ahc{X
bpw. D½papl½Znsâ Ip-sd tNmZy§Ä
¡v adp]Sn ]dª AhÀ Ad_nIv ¢m
Ênte¡hsf £Wn¨p. AtX hÀjw
Xsâ P·Zn\¯n\v ]Xnhpt]mse hkv
{X§Ä hm§m\nd§nb AhÄ apl
½Znsâ ]nXmhv tPmensNbvXncp-¶ IS
bnse apkvenw bphmhns\ I­p.
""AÐp dloansâ Ip-ªnsâ A½
bmWv Xms\¶dnª AbmÄ BÝcy
s¸SpIbpw H¸w R§fpsS thÀ]ncnhn
 Zp:Jn¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp''-.
Ckvemans\¡p-dn¨v F´dnbmsa-
¶p-Å tNmZy¯n\v AhÄ \ÂInb
adp]Sn-bpsS Hgp¡v Abmsf kvX_-v-[-
\m¡n. ]ÅnbnÂt]mImw,- AhnsSbpÅ
ktlmZc·mtcmSv kwkmcn¡mwþ Abm
Ä \nÀtZ-in¨p.
""Ahsct¶mSv AÃmlphns\¡p-dn
¨pw Ckvemans\¡p-dn¨pw F´dnbmsa
¶v tNmZn¨p. ]ns¶, CsXÃmw kXy
sa¶v hnizkn¡p-thm F¶p-w Bcmªp.
"\nÝbambpw'- F¶vÿ- Rm³ ]dªp. "]n
s¶ \n§sf´n\mWv Im¯p \n¡p-
¶Xv?' F¶ tNmZyamWp-bÀ¶Xv. Rm\pw
Nn´n¨p;- F´mWv Rm³ Im¯p \nÂ-
¡p-¶Xv? hkv{Xw [cn¨v sXcp-hneqsS
\S¡p-I F¶XÃmsX Fs¶ XSbp¶
bmsXm¶p-anÃmbncp-¶-p. ]ns¶, apkven
amIm³ XbmdmtWm F¶mbn tNmZyw.
Rm\m-temNn¨p;- Fsâ ilmZ¯v F´p
tIm­nt¸mÄ {]Jym]n¨pIqSm? A§
s\ Rm³ ilm-Z¯v sNmÃpIbmbncp-
¶p.
hnPbIcamb sXmgnepw B-thtimPz
eamb s]mXpPohnXhpamkzZn¨v Ignb
shbmWv, Benb Alv-a-Zpambn ]cnN
bs¸Sp¶Xv. Ahcp-sS _Ô¯nsâ Xp
S¡¯n Xs¶bpÅ Abm-fpsS Ckv
emante¡p-Å ]cnhÀ¯\w henb Hcp-
]co£Whpw Ckvemans\¡p-dn¨v Ibv
]pw a[pchpw \ndª Hc`napJhpambn
cp-¶p-. aI³ Paoens\bpwsIm­v ]Ãp
tUmÎsd ImWm³ t]mb Alva- Z- -v \mep
aWn¡qdntesd sshInbt¸mÄ Benb
BsI ]cn{`m´bmbn.
""]ns¶, apJ¯v hnSÀ¶ Nncnbpam
bn AbmÄ h¶p-. Rm³ icn¡-pt- amÀ¡p-
¶p;- AsX, AbmÄ {]tim`nX\mbncp-
¶p-''þ Ahsft¶mSv ]dªp.
""\n§sfhnsSbmbncp-¶p-? Rm\msI
`b¶p-t]mbn'-' Rm³ tNmZn¨p.-
At±lw ]dªp: "" Rm³ apkvenam
bn''.-
A{Xam{Xw. At±lw ]mÀ¡n sh
¨v Hcp- ktlmZcs\ I­pap«pIbpw
Ckvemans\-¡pdn¨v kwkmcn¡p-Ibp
ap­mbn. Imcy§f{Xbpw At±l¯n\v
t_m[yambt¸mÄ t\sc akvPnZnte¡v
t]mbn ilmZ¯v {]Jym]n¡p-Ibmbncp-
¶p-. Rm³ sR«n¯cn¨pt]mbn. hnhn[
hnImc§fm \nÀ`cbmbn.
""F´mWv ]dbp¶Xv? Hcp- apkven
ambn Ft¶m?Z´tUmÎsd ImWms\
¶pw ]dªv t]mb \n§Ä Ct¸mÄ ap
kvenambn F¶-v-ÿ]dbp¶p-!''-ÿÿ
]peÀ¨s¡gpt¶äv \akvImc¯n\mbn ]Ånbnte¡v t]mIp-w. At±lw ]peÀ¯nt]m¶
CkvemanIm\pjvTm\§sfÃmw IqSpXÂ IqSpXÂ hnIeambn F\n¡v tXm¶n. Btcm GtXm iq\ymImi
temIt¯¡v sIm­pt]mbn ap¨qSpw amän XncnsI sIm­phn«Xpt]mse. XnI¨pw hn`n¶amb Hcp-
ÿhyànXzs¯ A`napJoIcn¡p-¶Xp t]msebmsW\n¡v tXm¶nbXv.
2007 G-{]n-Â-
""CsXm¶p- tIÄ¡q, Cu tS¸v H¶v
tIÄ¡q''þ At±lw JpÀB³ ]mcmbW
¯nsâ tS¸v Hm¬ sNbvXp. Xmfw sXän
b Hcp-ÿGjy³ kwKoXw t]msebmsW
\n¡Xv A\p-`hs¸«Xv. At±lw GtXm
D¯pw-KX - bnembncp-¶p- .- Ckvemans\¡p-
dn¨ÃmsX H¶p-w ]dbm\nÃ. aWn¡qdp
IÄ¡Iw Ignª Bdpamk§Ä IS
¶p-t]mbXpt]msebmbncp-¶p-. At±l
hpambn Fs´¦nepsamcp- s]mcp-¯w
Ahtijn¡p-¶Xmbn F\n¡v tXm¶n
bnÃ. A§s\ Rm³ ]dªp:
""CXv \S¡m³ t]mIp-¶nÃ''.
]peÀ¨s¡gpt¶äv \akvImc¯n\m
bn ]Ånbnte¡v t]mIp-w. At±lw ]p
eÀ¯nt]m¶ CkvemanIm\pjvTm\§
sfÃmw IqSpXÂ IqSpXÂ hnIeambn
F\n¡v tXm¶n. Btcm GtXm iq\ym
Imi temIt¯¡v sIm­pt]mbn ap¨q
Spw amän XncnsI sIm­phn«Xpt]mse.
XnI¨pw hn`n¶amb Hcp-ÿhyànXzs¯
A`napJoIcn¡p-¶Xp t]msebmsW
\n¡v tXm¶nbXv. ]Ånbpambn At±lw
kZm ASp¸apÅh\mbn. ktlmZc·mcn
 \n¶pw- \à Adnhv t\Sn. ho«n h¶v
]Tn¨sXÃmw ]dªpsIm­ncn¡p-w.
Rm³ shdpsX Aedns¡m­pancn¡pw.
]ns¶ NnesXÃmw X\n¡v A - \phÀ¯n
Im\mInÃ. ImcWw Ah....- BWv.- At±
lw D]tbmKn¨ ]Zw "ldmw'- (\njn²w)
F¶mbncp-¶p-. At±lw ]dbp¶Xv t]m
epw F\n¡v {Kln¡m³ IgnbmXmbncn
¡p-¶p-! "Cu ]mhmS Rm³ [cn¨pIqSm,
Fsâ Cu hkv{X [mcWsam¶p-w icn
bÃ'- Fs¶Ãmw At±lw ]dbm³ XpS
§n.
Fsâ hkv{X§Ä s]mXnªvsI«n
hmXn¡ \n¶v ]dªXv Rm\n¶p-w-
HmÀ¡p-¶p-:
""F\n¡nXns\m¶p-amInÃ. Rm³
Xb-mdpaÃ. \n§Äs¡mcp-ÿ apkvenamIm
sat¶m, Rm³ \n§sf ]n³]äpsat¶m
Icp-tX­XpanÃ.''ÿÿ
""]Xnhmbn apJwaqSn \S¡p-¶ Hcp
Idp¯ s]¬Ip-«nsb F\n¡v ]cnNb
36
ap­mbncp-¶p-. ka\ne sXänb Hcp-hfm
bmWv R§fhsf I­ncp-¶Xv. B hn
[w hkv{Xw [cn¨v temI¯n Ahsf
am{Xsa Rm³ I­n«pÅq. Gsd AXni
bt¯msS R§Ä t\m¡n\n¡mdp
­mbncp-¶p. Rm\mtemNn¨p, Rm\p-an
§s\bmIWsa¶mtWm \n§Ä Icp-
Xp¶Xv? AXn\v XcanÃ!
At±lw ]t£,- t]mImXncn¡m³
Fs¶ \nÀ_Ôn¨p. R§tfsd kwh
Zn¨p. At±lw Fs¶ ]Ånbnte¡v £
Wn¨p. F\ns¡mcp- kvImÀ^v hm§n¯-
¶v ]ÅntbmSpÅ BZchv {]ISn¸n¡m³
AXv [cn¡Wsa¶v ]dªp. A¶v
XmSntbmSXv tNÀ¯p]nSn¨psIm­v t]m
bXv Rm\nt¸mgptamÀ¡p-¶p-. Rm\I
¯p IS¶t¸mÄ Hcp-ÿktlmZcn tNmZn
¨p: ""\n§Ä¡Xv kqNnIp-¯n sh¡ma
tÃm,- Ffp¸amWXv....'' Ahsc\n¡v ln
Pm_v kqNnIp-¯n¯-¶p. AhnsSbp­m
bncp-¶hÀ Rm³ apkvenamtWm F¶
t\zjn¨p. Asöv Rm³ ]dªp. R
§f§s\ kwkmcamcw`n¨p. ]n¶oSv Ip-
sd CkvemanI ]cn]mSnIfn Rm³ kw
_Ôn¨p. ImcWw Znt\\ Fs´¦nep
sam¶p-­mIp-w;- {]kwKw t]mse, AsÃ
¦n H¯ptNc t]mse.
A§s\ Hcp-ÿZnhkw, ASp¯pÅ
kvIqfn Hcp- CkvemanI {]`mjW¯n
\v R§Ä t]mbn. kXy¯n AtXsd
BIÀjIambncp-¶p-. A¶v Ip-sd k
tlmZcnamcp-ambn Rm³ kwkmcn¨p.
AXv hfsc lrZyam-b- A\p-`hambncp-
¶p-. ]ncnªpt]mcm³ \n¡sh Hcp-
ktlmZcnbpambn kwkmcn¨p \n¶
Rm³ C§s\bmWhkm\n¸n¨Xv:""\o
bdnbptam, Hc-p apkvenamIWw Fs¶
\n¡v tXm¶p-¶p-''.-
Ip-d¨p Znhk§Ä¡p- tijw ]Ån
bnencn¡sh Rm³ ]dªp: ""F\n¡n
t¸mÄ Xs¶ ilmZ¯v {]Jym]n¡Ww''.-
""Ahscs¶ apIfnte¡v sIm­p
t]mbn. Rm³ ilmZ¯v sNmÃn. ktlm
ZcnamscÃmw AXnbmbn kt´mjn¨p.
Hcp- henb ]mÀ«nt]msebmbncp-¶p A
¶v''.-
 \½Ä I­Xpt]mse, Hcp-ÿ kv{Xo
bpsS CkvemamtÇj¯n\v Nnet¸msg
Ãmw ]pcp-j³ Hcp-ÿDÂt{]cIamImdp­v.
F¶mÂ, kzbw Zo³ ]Tn¨v, AXpambn
aÃn«v Ahkm\aXv kzbw AwKoIcn¡p-
I F¶ \ne¡ÃmsX Hcp-ÿkv{Xosb Im
Wp-I hncfamWv.
akvXnjvI {]£mf\w AsænÂ
`ojWn ÿÿÿ
Fsâ an¡ ktlmZcnamcp-sS IYI
fnepw CkvemanImtÇj¯n\p-Å Xocp-
am\saSp¡p-¶ hnjb¯n kmayX ]p
eÀ¯nbÿH¶mbncp-¶p-.- tNmZyw sN¿p
I, hmbn¡p-I, ]Tn¡p-I-F¶Xv. an¡
BfpIfpw, hninjym amXm]nXm¡Ä
Icp-Xp¶Xv \mw Ckvemante¡v aS§nb
bphXnIÄ ilm-Z¯v {]Jym]n¡p-¶Xv
`ojWntbm akvXnjvI {]£mf\tam
aqeamsW¶mWv. ktlmZcnamcne[nI
hpw kzbw IosgmXp§p¶Xn\v ap³]m
bn hnizmk¯nsâ AIhpw ]pdhpw ]T
\hnt[bam¡nbhcmWv. _p²n]chpw
aX]chpamb sXfnhpIfneqsS Zo\nsâ
kXyXbn kzbw t_m[yw h¶hcmWv
AhÀ.
JpÀB\nsâ BZy hmb\ Ahsf
hnizmk¯nte¡Sp¸n¨nÃ. AhfpsS Iq
«pImc³ apl½Zv \_n(e)bpsS hN\
§fpsS (lZoY-v) {KÙw \ÂInbXn\p-
tijamWv kXy¯n AhfXn {i²
]Xn¸-n¡m³ XpS§nbXv.
""lZoY-v hmb\ Fs¶ sXm«pWÀ
¯n. Zo\nsâ hnhn[ Xe§sf¡p-dn¨p
Å B hmb\ Fs¶ Nn´n¸n¨p''.-
""HcmhÀ¯nIqSn JpÀB³ hmbn¨
t¸mÄ AXnse GIssZh hn-izm-k-hpw-
tbip {Iqin¡s¸SmsX DbÀ¯s¸«Xpw
Fsâ {i²bmIÀjn¨p. _ÀW_mkn
sâ kphntijhpw Fs¶ AtXhn[w
BIÀjn¡p-Ibp­mbn. Ip-sd ]pkvXI
§Ä XpSÀ¶v hmbn¨t¸mÄ Ckvemw k
XyaXw Xs¶sb¶ tXm¶Â Fsâ
lrZb¯nepbÀ¶p-''-.
C_vd- m- lo-w \_nsb¡p-dn¨pw Aán
sb¡p-dn¨pw Xsâ aI³ ]dª IYbn
Fsâ an¡ ktlmZcnamcp-sS IYIfnepw CkvemanImtÇj¯n\p-Å Xocp-am\saSp¡p-¶ hnjb¯nÂ
kmayX ]peÀ¯nb H¶mbncp-¶p-.- tNmZyw sN¿pI, hmbn¡p-I, ]Tn¡p-I-F¶Xv. an¡ BfpIfpw,
hninjym amXm]nXm¡Ä Icp-Xp¶Xv \mw Ckvemante¡v aS§nb bphXnIÄ ilm-Z¯v {]Jym]n¡p-¶Xv
`ojWntbm akvXnjvI {]£mf\tam aqeamsW¶mWv.
2007 G-{]n-Â-
eqsS hmb\ Bcw`n¨ lmPÀ Ck-v-em
ans\¡p-dn¨v IqSpXÂ ]Tn¡m³ XÂ]c
bmbn. C_v-d-mlo-w \_nsb¡p-dn¨pÅ
Hcp- ]pkvXI¯n BIrãbmb AhÄ
{]hmNI·msc¡p-dn¨pÅ ]T\amcw`n
¨p. apl½Zv \_n (e)bpsS PohnXhpw
AhÄ ]Tn¨p. Cu hmb\ \ÂInb {]
tNmZ\¯mÂ, IqSpXÂ ASp¯dnbm\p-
Å XmXv]cy¯mÂ, AhnsSbpÅ Hcp
{KÙimeme-bn-se- kµÀi\w A-hÄ-
]Xnhm¡n.-
D½p Xmco-Jnsâbpw kwib§sf
BÀ{Zam¡nbXv _ÀW_mknsâ kphn
tijambncp-¶p-. Xm\hkm\w Zo\nÂ
XÂ-]cbmbn F¶v "Kmc¯v'- A-dnbm
Xncn¡m³ bqWnthgvknän sse{_dnbn
se tPmen¡nSbn clkyambn Ckvem
anI hmb\ \S¯nbncp-¶ Hcp-ÿktlm
Zcnbmbncp-¶p-ÿ¢mc.
kzbw ap³Is¿Sp¯v Nn´n¨psIm
­mWv Paoeÿapgph\mbpw Zo\n\v Io
sgmXp§nbXv. ho«n \n¶nd§nb Ah
sf "ku¯v e­³ apkvenw Iay-qWnän'
bnse _lpam\nX hyànXz§fmb
Bknbbpw kndmPpsam¯v AhfpsS
ktlmZc³ Xmakn¸n¡p-Ibmbncp-¶p-.
Xsâ \ne]mSpIsf Ahfn§s\tbmÀ
¡p- ¶ p- : - ""]cnNbs¸Sp¶hÀ¡v Gsd
t¢iIcambn am{Xw CSs]Sm³ Ignbp¶
Hcp-ÿ{]IrXambncp-¶p- FtâXv. Bcp-w
Ft¶msSm¶p-w ]dbcp-Xv þ hninjym Zo
³. AXmbncp-¶p- AhØ. Cu hn[w
Rm³ XoÀ¯pw aÀ¡Sapãn¡mcnbmbncp-
¶p-. "CtX¡pdn¨v \nsâ A`n{]mbsa
´mWv? Ckvemw C§s\ ]dbp¶p-, \o
F´p ]dbp¶p-?'- Fs¶Ãmw Fsâbcn
Inencp- ¶ v Bsc¦nepw ]dbp¶Xp
t]mepw Rm\nãs¸«nÃ. A{XbpamIp-
t¼mtg¡p-w A£cmÀY-¯n Rm³
apdnhn«nd§pambncp-¶p'.-ÿ
""F´mbmepw Cu temeamb kwK
XnIsfÃmw Xs¶ Fs¶ kv]Àin¡p¶
hbmbncp-¶p-, Ckv-e-mante¡v IosgmXp-
§phm³ Fs¶ cq]s¸Sp¯p¶hbmbn
cp-¶p-ÿF¶v Rm\dnªp. BknbbpsS
kz`mhw, A-hfpsS {]IrXw, AhÄ F
37
t¶mSpw aäpÅhtcmSpw AhfpsS Ip-«nI
tfmSpsaÃmw CSs]«ncp-¶ coXn FÃmw
Gsd BIÀjIambncp-¶p''.-
Paoe kndmPns\ ImWqhm³ Bcp-
adnbmsX Bip]{Xnbn t]mhp-I ]Xn
hm¡n. Cu kµÀi\thfIfnsem¶nem
Wv AhÄ X¶nte¡p-w Xsâ PohnX¯n
te¡p-w kXykÔamb HchtemI\w
\S¯nbXv.
""Hcn¡et±lw Ft¶mSp ]dª Im
cysamcp -]t£,- A]cnNnXhpw A{]k
àhpambnÿtXm¶mhp¶XmWv. ]t£,
AXmbncp-¶p-ÿhmkvXh¯n Fsâ
hgn¯ncnhn\v \nZ-m\ambXv''.-
""\o- B- h iys¸Sp¶sX´mWv ? ''-
At±lw tNmZn¨p.
Rm³ ]dªp: ""Rm³ hnizkn¡p
¶nà F¶Ã Rm³ ]dbp¶Xv. XoÀ¨
bmbpw ssZhw GI\msW¶p-w apl½Zv
A´y {]hmNI\msW¶p-w \nÝbam
bpw Rm³ hnizkn¡p-¶p-. F¶m A
Xn Ihnsªm¶p-w F\n¡mhnÃ,- F\n
¡mhiyhpanÃ. AsXm¶p-w Fsâ Xe
bn tI-äm³ F\n-¡p- h¿.ÿF\n¡v F
sâXmb kzmX{´yamWv th­Xv. F\n
¡v CXpw AXpw FÃmw sN¿m\mI
Ww....''-
k{i²w tI«psIm­v At±lw Fgp
t¶äncp-¶t¸mÄ Xmgv¯nsh¨ HmIvkn
P³ PmÀ hn«pt]mImsX ]nSnt¡­nh¶p.
hnfdnsaenªv Gsd Zb\oamb Hch
Øbnembncp-¶p- AbmÄ.
""Fs¶ t\m¡q''þ At±lw ]dªp
XpS§n. ""acWw Fs¶ kao]n¡p-Ibm
Wv. Fsâ kabw F®s¸«ncn¡p-¶p-.
Ct¸mÄ Xs¶ \nt¶msS\n¡v kwkmcn
¡Ww. \msfsbmcp-ÿ]t£,- F\n¡Xn
\mInÃ...''
Xsâ D]tZiI\p-w kplr¯pamb
hyànbpsS acWhpambpÅ kmao]yw
Ahsf hÃmsX kzm[o\n¨p. AtX¡p-
dn¨hÄ F{Xam{Xw Nn´n¨pthm A{X
bpw AhÄ apdpsI]nSn¨ncp-¶hsbÃmw
\ndwa§n A{]kàambnh¶p-.
acWw HcmÄ¡v PohnXs¯¡p-dn¨v
 ]mÝmXy h\nXIfpsS CkvemamtÇjw Gsd {it²bhpw aXn¸pfhm¡p¶XpamWv. ImcWw an¡hcp-
sSbpw ap³[mcWÂIÄs¡Xnscbmbncp-¶p- Ahcp-sS \o¡w: ]mÝmXy PohnXcoXnbpw
hnizmkmNmc§fpamWv GXns\¡mfpw þ Ckvemans\¡mfpw þ D¶Xw F¶ ap³hn[n¡v.

IqSpX ho£W§Ä \ÂIp-sa¶Xv ]mÝmXy h\nXIfpsS CkvemamtÇ A\p-`h§fpsSbpw tIhe sshhn[yw

s]mXpsh ]dbs¸Sp¶ ImcyamWv. Pao
ebpsS hnjb¯nepw AXmWv kw`
hn¨Xv.
"" B \nanjw apXÂ Rm³ Xocp-am
\n¨p. F\n¡n\nbpan§s\ ]mgvPohn
Xw h¿. AXns\Ãmw kabhpanÃ. CsX
Ãmw Fs¶ thZ\n¸n¡p-¶p-. C¯hW
AXv Fs¶¯s¶bmWv thZ\n¸n¨Xv.
Ct¶mfasXÃmw ktlmZc\p-th­n
bmbncp-¶p-. F¶ment¸mgXv kz´¯n
\p-th­nbmsW¶v Rm³ Xncn¨dnªp.
AXmbncp-¶p- hyXymkw. Cu Xncn¨dnhv
kzbtahbmbncp-¶p-ÿF¶Xv Gsd {]m
[m\yaÀln¡p-¶p-. Bsc¦nepw \nÀ
_Ô]qÀhw ASnt¨Â-]-n¨p-sh¦nÂ
\n§Ä¡Xv \nÀ_ÔnXmhØbpw
ASn¨aÀ¯epsaÃmambn A\p-`hs¸
t«¡m-w. AXv AÃmlpÿ\n§Ä¡v k·m
ÀK-w \ÂIp-¶ÿ\nanj¯nemWv kw`hn
t¡­Xv. A{Xam{Xw. Fs¶ kw_Ôn
¨nSt¯mfw ]mgm¡m³ H«pw kabanÃm
bncp-¶p-. Fsâ hnizmkhpw, hnizmk
ZmÀVyhpw AXniàambncp-¶p-;- BIm
iw aps« DbÀ¶Xmbncp-¶p-. AsX, Rm
\Xn k´pãbmWv. Rm\n\nbpam
{]XnkÔnbn Aà F¶XmWv Fs¶
kt´mjn¸n¨Xv''- .-
jw Gsd {it²bhpw aXn¸pfhm¡p¶
XpamWv. ImcWw an¡hcp-sSbpw ap³[m
cWÂIÄs¡Xnscbmbncp-¶p- Ahcp-sS
\o¡w: ]mÝmXy PohnX coXnbpw hnizm
kmNmc§fpamWv GXns\¡mfpw þ Ckv
emans\¡mfpw þ D¶Xw F¶ ap³hn[n
¡v. ]mÝmXy³ kzmX{´y§sf, AhÀ
Icp-Xp¶Xpt]mse, kaÀ¸W¯nsâ
bpw hn[nhne¡p-IfpsSbpw thZnbnte
¡v ssIamdm\p-XIp¶ Fs´m¶mWv
Cu `qtemI¯pÅXv F¶hÀ clkyam
bn Biv-N-cys¸Spambncp-¶p-. Cu IY
IÄ \msaÃm-htcmSpamWv ]-d-bp-¶Xv
F¶v- Rm³ hnizkn¡p-¶p-. Cu IYIÄ
\½psS Ncn{X¯nsâ `mKamWv. Xncn
s¨¯nbhÀ F¶ \nebv-¡v, apkvenw
IÄ F¶ \nebv¡v, kv{XoIÄ F¶
\nebv-¡v, ]mÝmXyÀ F¶ \nebv¡v þ
Ahcp-sS hnhn[ Xe§Ä \mtamtcmcp-
¯tcmSpw kwhZn¡p-¶XmWv.
tiJcn¡m\mb GXm\p-w IYIfneq
sS IS¶p-t]mIsh AhbpsS aqey¯
¡p-dn¨v Rm³ t_m[hXnbmbn. Ah
shfns¸Sp¯p¶Xv Ckvemansâ kmÀh
tZiobambÿAwKoIcamWv. Cu ]pkvX
I¯n {]Xn]mZn¡s¸Sp¶ ktlmZ
cnamcp-sS PohnX ]Ým¯e¯nsâbpw
{]ISamIp-¶Xv Ckv-e-man\v Bcp-ambpw
kwhZn¡msa¶mWv. GXp aqibnepw
A¨pXInSnepw Ffp¸¯n HXp¡mhp
¶hcà AhÀ. AhÀt¡hÀ¡p-w kz´
amb, X\Xmb hyànXzhpw kzchpap
­v.
H-cp- Im-e-¯-hÀ- ISp¯ kv{Xo]£
hmZnIfpw B{^n¡³ tZiobXm hmZn
Ifpw clky AcmNI hmZnIfpw kwKo
X {`m´cp-w Dd¨ hn¹hImcnIfpw Unkv
tImcmÚn- I fpw Bß- m ÀY- X bpÅ
NÀ¨v kµÀiIcp-w ImbnIXmc§fpw
tamUepIfpw DtZymKØIfpw _ncp-
Zm\´c _ncp-Z hnZymÀY-n\nIfpw {Inkv-
X-ym\nIfpw kn¡p-Imcp-w \ncoizc hmZn
Ifpw XpS§n FÃm hÀK-¯nepw ]Ým
¯e¯nepw {]mb¯nepapÅhcmbncp-
¶p-.
Ckveman\v,- XoÀ¯pw A{]Xo£nX
ambn Ahsc F¯n¸nSn¡m³, Ahcp-
sS lrZb§-tfm-Sv- kw-h-Zn-¡m³-,- A-hc
t\zjn¨ncp-¶ D¯c§Ä \ÂIm³,
Fs¶t¶¡p-ambn A-hcp-sS PohnX
s¯ amänadn¡m³ÿIgnªp.
þhn-h:- A-_q- lw-\,-
Im-c¯
- qÀ-

""AhÀ AhnsS (\-c-I-¯nÂ)- sh¨v apdhn

fnIq«pw: R§fpsS c£nXmth, R§sf

\o ]pd¯b¡Wta. (ap¼v) sNbvXncp¶

Xn \n¶v hyXykvXambn R§Ä kÂ

IÀa-w sNbvXpsImÅmw. (At¸mÄ \mw

]dbpw:) BtemNn¡p¶h\v BtemNn

¡m³ am{Xw \n§Ä¡v \mw BbpÊv X

¶ntÃ? Xm¡oXpImc³ \n§fpsS ASp

¯v hcnIbpw sNbvXp. AXn\m \n§Ä

A\p`-hn¨psImÅpI. A{IanIÄ¡v bm

sXmcp klmbnbpanÃ''-. (JpÀB³- 35:-37)-

2007 G-{]n-Â- 38
- { ] - h m - N - I - · m - c p - s S -

{ ] - t _ m - [ - s s \ - I y w -

-A-_v-ZpÂ- ap-kz-ÆnÀ- a-lm-\m-b- {]-hm-N-I³- C-_v-dm-low-

\-_n-(u)-tbm-Sv- ap-kven-am-Ip-hm-\m-Wv-
{]-hm-N-I-·m-sc-Ãmw- {]-t_m-[-\w- A-Ãm-lp- IÂ-]n-¨-Xv-:-
sN-bv-X- a-Xw- C-kv-em-am-bn-cp-¶p- F-¶v- ""\o Iogvs]SpI (ap-kv-en-a-m-hp-I)-
hn-ip-²- JpÀB³- {]-Jym-]n-¡p-¶p-:- F¶v At±l¯nsâ c£nXmhv
""XoÀ¨bmbpw AÃmlphn¦Â At±lt¯mSv ]dªt¸mÄ
aXw F¶m CkvemamIp¶p. kÀhtemIc£nXmhn¶v Rm\nXm
thZ{KÙw \ÂIs¸«hÀ X§Ä¡v Iogvs]«ncn¡p¶p (Rm³- ap-kv-en-am-bn-
(aX]camb) Adnhv h¶pIn«nb cn-¡p-¶p)-F¶v At±lw ]dªp''-
tijw Xs¶bmWv `-n¶n¨Xv. AhÀ (2:131)-.
X½nepÅ I£namXvkcyw \nan¯a C_v-d-mlow- \-_n-(u)-bpw- bAvJq
s{X AXv. hÃhcpw AÃmlphnsâ _v- \-_n-(u)-b-pw X-§-fp-sS- k-´-Xn-
sXfnhpIÄ \ntj[n¡p¶psh¦n I-sf- C-{]-Im-cw- D-]-tZ-in-¨n-cp-¶p-:-
AÃmlp AXnthKw IW¡v tNmZn ""C_v-d-mloapw bAvJq_pw
¡p¶h\mIp¶p''- (3:-19)-. AhcpsS k´XnItfmSv CXv
\q-lv- \-_n-(u)- X-s³-d- P-\-X- (IogvhW¡w ) D]tZin¡pI IqSn
tbmSv- ]-d-ªp-:- sNbvXp. Fsâ a¡tf, AÃmlp
""...ap-k-venw-I-fp-sS- -(AÃmlphn\v \n§Ä¡v Cu aXs¯ hninjvSambn
Iogvs]Sp¶hcpsS)-Iq«¯n sXcsªSp¯ncn¡p¶p. AXn\mÂ
Bbncn¡phm\mWv Rm³ AÃmlphn¶v Iogvs]Sp¶hcmbn
IÂ]n¡s¸«n«pÅXv''- (10:-72).- (apkvenwIfmbn) s¡m­-ÃmsX

2007 G-{]n-Â- 39
\n§Ä acn¡m\nSbmIcpXv''-(2:-132).-
A-Xn-\v- bAvJq_v- \-_n-(u)-bp-sS-
a-¡Ä- \Â-In-b- a-d-p]-Sn- C-Xm-bn-cp-¶p-:-
"".....-Xm¦fpsS Bcm[y\mb,
Xm¦fpsS ]nXm¡fmb C_v-dmloan
sâbpw CkvamCuensâbpw Ckvlm
Jnsâbpw Bcm[y\mb GIssZh
s¯ am{Xw R§Ä Bcm[n¡pw.
R§Ä Ah¶v Iogvs]«v (ap-kv-enw-I-
fm-bn)- Pohn¡p¶hcpambncn¡pw''-
(2:133).-
aqkm \-_n-(u)- kz-P-\-X-tbm-Sp-
]dªp:
""Fsâ P\§tf,\n§Ä AÃmlp
hn hnizkn¨n«ps­-¦n Ahsâ
ta \n§Ä `-ctaÂ]n¡pIþ \n§Ä
Ah¶v Iogvs]«hcmsW¦nÂ''- (10:-84).-
Cu-km- \-_n-(u)-tbm-Sv- l-hm-cn-
IÄ- ]-d-ªp-:-
""...-R§Ä AÃmlphn hnizkn
¨ncn¡p¶p. R§Ä (AÃmlphn¶v)
Iogvs]«hcmWv (ap-kve - nw-If
- m-Wv)F
- ¶
Xn\v Xm¦Ä km£yw hln¡pIbpw
sN¿Ww''- (3:-52)-.
G-Im-cm-[y-\n-te-¡p-Å- £-Ww-
AÃm-lp- am-{X-am-Wv- B-cm-[y³-
F¶pw- A-h-s\-b-Ãm-sX- \n-§Ä- B-cm-
[n-¡-cp-sX-¶pam-Wv- F-Ãm- {]-hm-N-I-
·m-cpw- {]-Y-a-hpw- {]-[m-\-hp-am-bn-
{]t_m-[-\w- sN-bv-X-sX-¶v- JpÀ-B³-
hy-à-am-¡p-¶p-­v.-
\q-lv- \-_n-(u)-:-- ""\qlns\
At±l¯nsâ P\Xbnte¡v \mw
Ab¡pIbp­-mbn. F¶n«v At±lw
]dªp: Fsâ P\§tf, \n§Ä
AÃmlpsh Bcm[n¡phn³.
Ah\ÃmsX \n§Ä¡v Hcp
ssZhhpanÃ. XoÀ¨bmbpw `-b¦camb
Hcp Znhks¯ in£ \n§Ä¡p
(h¶p `-hn¡psa¶v ) Rm³
`bs¸Sp¶p''- (7:-59)-.
C-_v-dm-low- \-_n-(u)-:-""C_vd-mlo
ans\bpw (\mw Ab¨p, ) At±lw
Xsâ P\XtbmSv C{]Imcw ]dª
kµ-À`-w ({it²bas{X): \n§Ä
AÃmlpsh Bcm[n¡pIbpw,
Ahs\ kq£n¡pIbpw sN¿pI.
AXmWv \n§Ä¡v D¯aw. \n§Ä
a\Ênem¡p¶psh¦nÂ''- (29:-16)-.
lq-Zv- \-_n(u)-:- ""BZv kapZmb
2007 G-{]n-Â-
¯nte¡v AhcpsS ktlmZc\mb
lqZns\bpw (Ab¨p).- At±lw
]dªp: Fsâ P\§tf, \n§Ä
AÃmlpsh Bcm[n¡phn³. \n§
Ä¡v Ah\ÃmsX bmsXmcp
ssZhhpanÃ. \n§sf´mWv
kq£vaX ]peÀ¯m¯Xv?''-(7:-65).-
kzm-en-lv- \-_n-(u)-:- ""YaqZv kap
Zmb¯nte¡v AhcpsS ktlmZc³
kzmenlns\bpw (\mw Ab¨p.)
At±lw ]dªp: Fsâ P\§tf,
\n§Ä AÃmlphns\ Bcm[n¡p
hn³. Ah\ÃmsX \n§Ä¡p Hcp
ssZhhpanÃ....-(7:-73).-
eq-Xzv- \-_n-(u)-sb- t]m-ep-Å-
Nne- {]-hm-N-I-·mÀ- G-I-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-
sb-¡p-dn-¨v- {]-t_m-[-\w- \-S-¯n-bn-«n-
sÃ-¶pw- km-aq-l-y- X-n-·-I-sf- F-XnÀ-¡p-
hm-\m-Wv- A-hÀ- \n-tbm-Kn-¡-s¸-«n-cp-¶-
sX-¶pw- hm-Zn-¡p-¶- Nn-e-cp-­v.- C-Xv-
ASn-kv-Ym-\-c-ln-X-am-b- hm-Z-am-Wv.-
""Rm\ÃmsX bmsXmcp ssZhhpanÃ.
AXn\m Fs¶ \n§Ä Bcm[n¡p-
hn³- F¶v t_m[\w \ÂIns¡m­-
ÃmsX \n\¡v ap¼v Hcp ZqXs\bpw
\mw Ab¨n«nÃ''- F-¶-- JpÀ-B³- kq-
àw- (21:-25)-- Cu- hm-Z-s¯- J-Þn-¡p-
¶p.-
H-cp- P-\-X,- H-cp- ssZ-hw,- H-cp a-Xw-
F-¶- G-I-Xz-¯n-s³-d-bpw- sF-Iy-¯n-
s³-d-bpw- k-tµ-i-am-Wv- {]-hm-N-I-·mÀ-
{a-t_m-[-\w- sN-bv-X-Xv-:--
""(a\pjytc) Xoˬbmbpw CXmWv
\n§fpsS kapZmbw. GIkapZmbw.
Rm³ \n§fpsS c£nXmhpw. AXn
\m \n§Ä Fs¶ Bcm[n¡phn³''-
(21:-92).-
h-{I-X-bn-Ãm-¯- a-Xw- Xu-lo-Zn-s³-d-
(G-I-ssZ-h- hn-izm-kw)- A-Sn-¯-d-bnÂ-
kv-Ym-]n-X-am-b- a-X-am-Wv.- Xu-lo-Zn-Ãm-
¯- a-Xw- C--kv-em-aÃ. -B- a-X-s¯- t\-
cmw- h-®w- \n-e-\nÀ-¯p-hm³- h-¶-h-cm-
bn-cp-¶p- ssZ-h-Zq-X-·mÀ-:-
"" -\qlnt\mSv IÂ]n¨Xpw \n\¡v
\mw t_m[\w \ÂInbXpw C_v-d-m
low, aqkm, Cukm F¶nhtcmSv \mw
IÂ]n¨Xpamb Imcyw þ \n§Ä
aXs¯ t\cmwh®w \ne\nÀ¯pI,
AXn \n§Ä ÿ`-n¶n¡mXncn¡pI.
F¶Imcyw þ Ah³ \n§Ä¡v aX
\nbaambn \nivNbn¨ncn¡p¶p. B
40
_lpssZhhnizmknIsf \n§Ä
GsXmcp Imcy¯nte¡v £Wn¡p
¶pthm AXv AhÀ¡v henb `-mc
ambn tXm¶nbncn¡p¶p. Xm³
Dt±in¡p¶hsc AÃmlp Xsâ
ASp¡te¡v sXcsªSp¡p¶p.
XmgvatbmsS aS§p¶hsc Ah¦te
¡pÅ amÀK¯n \bn¡pIbpw
sN¿p¶p''- (42:-13).-
aq-km- \-_n-(u)-¡pw- C-_v-dm-low-
\-_n-(u)-¡pw- e-`n-¨- th-Z-§-fn-epw- C-
Æn-[w- X-s¶-bm-Wv- A-Ãm-lp-hn-s\- ]-cn-
N-b-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cp-¶-s-X-¶pw- JpÀ-B-³-
hy-à-am-¡p-¶-p-:-
""AXÃ, aqkmbpsS ]{XnIIfnep-
ÅXns\-¸-än Ah\v hnhcw Adnbn¡
s¸«n«ntÃ? (ISaIÄ) \ndthänb C_v-
d-mloansâbpw (]{XnIIfnÂ).- AXm
bXv ]m]`-mcw hln¡p¶ Hcmfpw
asämcmfpsS ]m]`-mcw hln¡pI
bnsöpw, a\pjy¶v Xm³ {]bXv
\n¨XÃmsX asäm¶panà F¶pw.
Ahsâ {]bXv\^ew hgnsb
ImWn¨psImSp¡s¸Spw F¶papÅ
Imcyw. ]n¶oSv Ah\v AXn\v Gähpw
]qÀWamb {]Xn^ew \ÂIs¸Sp
¶XmsW¶pw, \nsâ c£nXm
hn¦te¡mWv FÃmw sN¶v
Ahkm\n¡p¶sX¶pw, Ah³
Xs¶bmWv Nncn¸n¡pIbpw
Icbn¡pIbpw sNbvXsX¶pw, Ah³
Xs¶bmWv acn¸n¡pIbpw Pohn
¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXsX¶pw, B¬,
s]¬ F¶o c­-v CWIsf
Ah\mWv krjvSn¨sX¶pw Hcp
_oPw {khn¡s¸Spt¼mÄ AXnÂ
\n¶v c­-maXv P\n¸n¡pI F¶Xv
Ahsâ NpaXebnemsW¶pw,
sFizcyw \ÂIpIbpw kwXr]vXn
hcp¯pIbpw sNbvXXv Ah³
Xs¶bmWv F¶pw, Ah³
Xs¶bmWv inAvdm \£{X¯nsâ
c£nXmhv F¶papÅ Imcy§Ä.
BZna P\Xbmb BZns\ Ah\mWv
\in¸n¨sX¶pw, YaqZns\bpw. F¶n«v
(Hcmsfbpw) Ah³ Ahtijn¸n¨nÃ.
AXn\v ap¼v \qlnsâ P\Xsbbpw
(Ah³ \in¸n¨p).- XoÀ¨bmbpw
AhÀ IqSpXÂ A{Iahpw, IqSpXÂ
[n¡mchpw ImWn¨hcmbncp¶p''-
(53:36þ52).-
 kq^n-khpw
a\pjy _p²n-bp-sSbpw
Nn´-bp-sSbpw ]¨-bmb ZrjvSn-
IÄsIm­v {]m]n-¡m-³ km[n-¡m¯
hn[-¯n Ahy-àX
- I
- fpw
kwi-b-§fpw Ah-ti-jn-¸n¨v- Nne
Imcy-§-sf-¡p-dn¨p kwkm-cn-¡p-Ibpw
AXn-k-¦oÀW-§-fmb ]mÀiz-L-S-I-
§Ä sIm­v Ahsb A\p-_-Ôn-¸n-
¡p-I-bmWv Bßo-b-X-bpsS Zpcq-l-
h¡-cW
- ¯
- n Nne aX-§Ä
kzoI-cn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ BZy Nph-Sv.
2007 G-{]n-Â-
anÌn-kn-khpw
ap-km-^nÀ-
B[ymXv a nI- X sb Zpcp- l - X - I Ä
\ndª- Hcp taJ-eb - m-¡p-hm-\mWv Nne
aX-§Ä {ian-¨n-«p-ÅX- .v ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-¯n-
sâbpw - N q- j W XÂ]- c - X - b p- s Sbpw
kzm[o\w BXvaob-Xsb Zpcq-la- m-¡p-¶-
Xn-ep-­v. lnµp-[Àa-hpw ss{IkvXh-X-
bpw PqX-a-X-hpw _p²-ZÀi-\-hpw aäp-sa-
Ãmw- BXvaob-Xsb Zpcq-l-X-bpsS Bh-
c-W-§Ä¡p Iogn Hfn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xp-Im-
Wmw. a\pjy _p²n-bp-sSbpw Nn´-bp-
sSbpw ]¨-bmb ZrjvSn-IÄsIm­v {]m]n-
¡m-³ km[n-¡m¯ hn[-¯n Ahy-à-
X-Ifpw kwi-b-§fpw Ah-ti-jn-¸n¨v-
Nne Imcy-§-sf-¡p-dn¨p kwkm-cn-¡p-
Ibpw AXn-k-¦oÀW-§-fmb ]mÀiz-L-
S-I-§Ä sIm­v Ahsb A\p-_-Ôn-
¸n-¡p-I-bmWv Bßo-b-X-bpsS Zpcq-l-
h¡-c-W-¯n Nne aX-§Ä kzoI-cn-
¨n-cn-¡p¶ BZy Nph-Sv. t\À¡p-t\sc
sNs¶-¯p-hm³ Ign-bm¯ Hcp aÞew
F¶ \ne-bn Bßo-b-Xsb \ne-
\nÀ¯nbmÂ- ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-¯n\pw Nqj-
W-IÀ¡pw ]eXpw t\Sm³ Ign-bpw. aX-
¯n-sâbpw [Àa-¯ns³d-bpw kmÀh-P\ - o-
41
\- X bpw s]mXpkz`m- h hpw XS- b pI
F¶Xv A¯cw t\«-§-fn H¶mWv.-
BXvaob-hm-Zn, BXvaobm-Nm-cy³, B[ym-
X
- vanI Kpcp, hn-ip- ²
- ³, ssZh-{]oXn t\Sn-
b-h³ XpS-§nb ]e-Xcw Ir{Xna ]Z-§-
fpsS klm-bt- ¯msS hnizm-kn-IÄ¡n-S-
bn \S-¯p¶ hn`-P\w ]Ým-¯-e-
am¡n D¨-\o-N-¯-§Ä hfÀ¯p-Ibpw
Hcp hn`mKw asämcp hn`m-Ks¯ NqjWw
sN¿p-¶X - n-\pÅ Ah-kc- § - f
- p-­m-¡p-I-
bp-amWv B[ym-ßn-I-X-bpsS \nKq-V-
h¡- c - W - ¯ nsâ km[y- X - I - f nÂ
H¶mbn ]u-tcm-lnXyw ImWp-¶X - .v {Inkv
Xp-aXw DÄs]-sS ]e aX-§-fnsebpw-
]u-tcm-lnXyw \o§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv Cu
Zni-bn-em-Wv. ssZh-hn-izm-ks¯ ZpÀ{K-
l-amb {XnXzm-ib - ¯ - n _Ôn-¨X - p-hgn
ss{IkvXh ]u-tcm-lnXyw B[ymXvanI-
Xsb Nqj-tWm-]m-[n-bm-¡m-\pÅ \o¡-
§sf ]n´p-W-¨p.
B[ymXvanI-Xsb aX-¯nsâ ^e-
{]-Z-amb taJe F¶p ImWp-¶-Xn\p
]I-cw, AYhm aX-¯nsâ {]tbm-P\w
F¶ \ne-bn BXvaob-Xsb kzoI-cn-
¡p-¶-Xn-\p- ]-Icw aXs¯ kmam-\yw-þ-
A-km-am\yw F¶n-§s\ c­p- X«-mbn
 Ckvemansâ B[ymXvanI kcWn F¶ \ne-bn-emWv CS-¡m-e¯v Xkz-Æp^v ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-
¯-s¸-«-Xv. bYmÀY-¯n AXn\v Ckvemap-ambn bmsXmcp _Ô-hp-an-Ã. Ckvemansâ
BXvaobX Ckvemw Xs¶-bm-Wv. CkvemanI Pohn-X-¯n-eqsS km[y-am-Ip-¶-Xn Ihnªv
asäm¶pw Hcp apkvenan\v BXvaobX F¶ \ne-bn asä-hn-sS- \n¶pw e`n-¡m-\n-S-bnÃ
F¶-XmWv hkvXp-X.
Xncn-¡p-Ibpw B[ymXvanI-Xsb Akm-
am-\y-X-e-ambn ]u-tcm-lnXyw Nn{Xo-I-cn-
¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu hn`-P\w hgn-
bmbn ]e aX- § Ä¡pw Ah- b psS
{]tbm-P\w \jvS-am-bn-¯oÀ¶p. hnizm
knhÀK-¯n\pw ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-¯nse
AXn-am-\p-jÀ¡p-an-S-bn aXn-ep-IÄ
XoÀ¯ B[ymXvanI ZpÀhymJym-\§ - Ä
{InkvXp-aXwt]mepÅ henb aX-§sf
At§-bäw A[x-]X - n-¸n-¨p. hnizm-k¯ - n-
sâbpw IÀa-¯n-sâbpw kmÀh-P-\o-\-X-
bn-eqsS km[y-am-tI-­p¶ ka-Xz-hpw-
hnizm-k] - c- a- mb \oXn¨p \ntj-[n-¡s- ¸«
aXw Xs¶ sshPmXy IÂ]-\-I-fpsS
aÞ-ea- m-bn-¯oÀ¶p. temI¯v GXm­v
FÃm aX-§fpw t\cn« kam-\-X-bpÅ
Cu A[x-]-X-\-¯nÂ\n¶v Ckveman\p
am{X-amWv AXn-Po-h\w km[y-am-b-Xv.
B[-ymXvanI-X, BXvaob-X, aX-]-c-amb
kwip²n F¶n-h-bpsSsbÃmw Imcy-
¯n Ckvemw ]peÀ¯nb Pm{K-Xbpw
aqeym-[n-jTv n-Xa- mb {i²bpw Imc-Wa- mWv
Ckvemw AXn-Po-hn-¨-Xv. aX-¯nsâ
{]tbm-P\w htc-Wy-hn-`m-K-¯n-\p-am{Xw
bYm-hn[n e`n-¡p-Ibpw km[m-cW - ¡ - mÀ
aX-¯nsâ \ma-am-{X-amb hn[n-hn-e-¡p-
I-f-\p-k-cn¨v Pohn-¡p-Ibpw ]u-tcm-
lnXyw ASn-t¨Â]n-¡p¶ {Ia-§Ä
A\p-k-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ BXvaoI-þ-
AÂamb hn`-P\w {InkvXp-aX - s¯ Bg-
ta-dnb A[x-]-X-\-§-fn-te¡v \bn-¨-
t¸mÄ Ckvemw kpc-£n-X-ambn \ne-
\n¡p-I -Xs¶ sNbvXp. Ckvemansâ
Cu AXn-Po-h-\-tijn tNmÀ¯n-¡-f-bp-
¶-Xn-\pÅ D]-Pm-]-§Ä adp-]-£¯v
F¼mSpw \S-¡p-Ib - p-­m-bn. C¯cw D]-
Pm-]§- f- p-sSbpw KqVm-tem-N\ - I- f
- p-sSbpw
HcpÂ]-¶a- m-bn-cp¶p a[y-Im-eL - «- §
- f - nÂ
BhnÀ`-hn¨ Xkz-Æ-p^v AYhm kq^n-
kw. CkvemwaX -hn-izm-kn-Isf hn`m-Ko-
I-cn-¡p-Ibpw t{ijvTcpw km[m-cW - ¡ - m-
cp-ambn thÀXn-cn-¡p-Ib - pw sN-¿Â- Xkz
2007 G-{]n-Â-
Æp^nsâ e£y-am-bn-cp-¶p.
XkzÆp^nsâ Ncn{Xw
Ckvemansâ B[ymXvanI kcWn
F¶ \ne-bn-emWv CS-¡m-e¯v Xkz-
Æp^v ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯-s¸-«-Xv. bYmÀY-
¯n AXn\v Ckvemap-ambn bmsXmcp
_Ô-hp-an-Ã. Ckvemansâ BXvaobX
Ckvemw Xs¶-bm-Wv. CkvemanI Pohn-
X-¯n-eqsS km[y-am-Ip-¶X - n Ihnªv
asäm¶pw Hcp apkvenan\v BXvaobX
F¶ \ne-bn asä-hn-sS-\n¶pw e`n-¡m-
\n-S-bnà F¶-XmWv hkvXp-X. ]n¡m
e¯v BhnÀ`-hn-¨Xpw At\Iw _mly-
L-S-I-§-fnÂ\n¶v Dcp-¯n-cnªp h¶n-
«p-ÅX - p-amb Xkz-Æp-^ns\ Ckvemansâ
BXvaobX F¶p hnti-jn-¸n-¨-hÀ¡p
c­p e£y-§-fp-­m-bn-cp-¶p.
(1).- Ckvemw AXnsâ bYmÀY cq]-
¯nepw kz`m-h-¯nepw BXvaob-Xsb
DÅ-S¡w sN¿-s¸« aX-ZÀi-\a- à F¶p
sXän-²-cn-¸n-¡p-I.-
(2).- A\-nkveman-I-amb ]cn-IÂ]-\-
IÄ AS-§nb Xkz-Æp^nte¡v hgn-Xn-
cn-¨p-hn-«p-sIm­v apkvenwIsf Ah-cpsS
aX-]-chpw hnizm-k-]-c-hp-amb hyàn-X-
bn \n¶v AI-äp-I. Cu c­p e£y-
§Ä¡m-bmWv Xkz-Æp^v hn\n-tbm-Kn-¡-
s¸-«X- v.
XkÆp-^n\v Ckveman-I-amb Hcp
Ncn-{Xtam ]Ým-¯tam k¦Â]n-¡mt\m
Is­-¯p-hmt\m km[y-a-Ã. F¶mÂ
hen¨p\o«nb Ncn- { X- ZpÀhym- J ym- \ -
§ÄsIm­v Xkz-Æp-^n\v B[n-Im-cn-I-
X-bp-­m-¡m³ {ia-§-fp-­m-bn. lnPvd-
bpsS ]e \qäm- ­ p- I Ä¡p- t ijw
BhnÀ`- h n¨ XkzÆp^v {]hm- N - I -
sâbpw At±-l-¯nsâ injy³am-cp-
sSbpw Ime¯p \ne-hn-ep-­m-bn-cp-¶p-
sh-¶pw, BZy-\q-äm-­nse apkvenw Pohn-
X-¯nsâ A´-Ê-¯bpw AI-¡m-¼p-
ambn Xkz-Æ-p^v hÀ¯n-¨n-cp¶p F¶pw
42
Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bp-­m-bn. {]hm-N-
Isâ t\Àinjy³am-cn NneÀ Adn-b-
s¸-«n-cp-¶Xv ""Akzv-lm_p-Êzp^v-^-''
F¶ t]cn-em-bn-cp-¶p. aX-]-T-\-¯n-epw
aX-]-c-amb \njvT-I-fn-epw {]hm-N-Is\
A\p-[m-h\w sN¿p-¶-Xnepw kPoh
{i²sNep¯n Pohn- ¨ n- c p¶ ChÀ
thdn« Hcp hn`m-Khpw t{ijvT P\-Xbpw
F¶ \ne-bn Adn-bs - ¸-Sm-\m-bn-cp-¶nÃ
{ian-¨n-cp-¶-Xv.
apkvenw Pohn-X-¯nsâ s]mXp [mc-
bn AWn-tNÀ¶p \n¶p-sIm­v apt¶m-
«p-t]m-b-h-cmWv Akzv-lm_p-Êz-p^v-^.-
Nne {]hm-NI injy³amÀ I¨-hSw
sNbvXpw aäp NneÀ sXmgn-se-Sp-¯pw
NneÀ Irjn sNbvXpw D]-Po-h\w Ign-
¨p-sh-¦n aäp-Nn-eÀ aX-]-T-\-¯n\pw
A[ym-]-\-¯n-\p-ambn kzPo-hnXw Dgn-
ªp-sh-¨p. C§s\ Úm\-¯n\pw
kq£va-amb Pohn-X-¯n-\m-h-iy-amb
A[ym-]-\-§Ä IqSp-X-embn tiJ-cn-
¡m\pw kabw Is­-¯n-b-hÀ Adn-b-
s¸-«- t]-cm-Wv- Akz-v-lm-_p-Êp^v^
F¶-Xv.- Ch-cn kq^n-If - psS apJ-Omb
ZÀin-¡p-¶Xv kq^n-k¯ - nsâ sshIr-X-
§sf \ymbo-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw kzlm-_-
¯nsâ aX-]-c-amb al¯-zw \ntj-[n-
¡p-I-bpw sN¿p¶ Cc-«-ap-J-apÅ Hcp-X-
{´-amWv bYmÀY-¯nÂ. Akz-l v m-_p-Êzp-
-^v^sb, kq^n-I-fpsS BZy-Im-e-¡mÀ
F¶p hnfn-¡p-¶Xv- XoÀ¯pw Ncn-{X-hn-
cp-²hpw A]-I-S-I-c-hp-am-Wv.
A_q-b-ko-Zp-Â _nkvXman F¶
t]Àjy³ X¯-z-Nn-´-I-\mWv Xkz-Æ-p-
^nsâ Ncn-{X-¯nse Adn-b-s¸« BZy
D]-Úm-Xm-hv. kq^n-k-¯n\v ]mÝm-
Xyhpw aäp-amb Ncn-{X-]-T-\-§Ä D­m-
bn-«p-­v. CkvemanI kq^nkw F¶p
hnti-jn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ [mc-bpsS Ncn{Xw
Ah-ew-_n-¨mWv A_q-b-ko-Zp _nkv
Xm-ansb kq^n-k¯ - nsâ BZys¯ D]-
 t- aÂ]-dª \ne-]m-Sp-Is
{]hmNINcybpw ]Tn-¸n¡p-¶- CkvemanI ]mTm-he
apI-fn ]d-ª-sXm¶pw Xkz-Æp-^nsâ \nco-£-W-§-f-sÃ-¶pw, Xkz-Æp-^ns\ hnaÀin-
¡m-\mbn NneÀ t_m[-]qÀh-w D¶-bn-¡p¶ Nne Btcm-]-W-§Ä am{X-am-sW-¶p-amWv
kzq^n-{]-W-bn-I-fpsS \ymbo-I-cWw. AXn Ig-¼n-Ã.
Úm-Xm-hmbn KWn-¡p-¶-Xv. t]Àjy³
Ihn-bpw t]Àjy³ X¯-z-Nn-´-bpsS
B[n-Im-cn-I hàm-hp-am-bn-cp¶p A_q-
b-kn-Zp _nkvXm-an. CkvemwaX¯nÂ-
hniz-kn-¨t- ijw Xsâ ]qÀh-Ime Úm
\-¯n\v apkvenwIÄ¡n-S-bn {]Nm-c-ap-
­m-¡p-hm-\mbn At±lw \S-¯nb {ia-
§-fmWv kq^n-k¯ - n\v CkvemanI apJ-
Omb \ÂIp-¶-Xn F¯n-b-Xv. C¶v
CkvemanI kq^nkw F¶ Hcp {]tXyI
[mcsb ]n´p-W¡ - p-¶h
- Àt]mepw kq^n-
k-¯nsâ BZys¯ D]-Úm-Xmhv F¶
\ne-bn Nq­n-¡m-«p-¶-Xv A_q-b-ko-
Zp _nkvXm-an-sb-¯-s¶-bm-Wv;- {]hm-
N-Is\(e )-b-Ã. kq^n-k-¯nsâ Ncn-
{Xs¯ \ymbo-Ic- n-¡p-hm-\mWv _nkvXm-
an¡p ap¼pÅ L«-s¯-¡-p-dn¨ ]cmaÀ
in-¡p-¶X- v.
Xkz-Æp-^nsâ bYmÀY- Ncn{Xw
kq^n-k-¯n\v asämcp Ncn-{X-ap-­v.
AXmWv ]mÝmXy ]T-\-§-fn IS-¶p-
h-cp-¶-Xv. Ckveman-Isâ BhnÀ`m-h-
¯n\p ap¼v {Koknse tkm^n-Ìp-I-fpw
t\mÌn-¡p-Ifpw tdmanse CukvsXän-¡p-
I-fpw blq-Za- X- ¯
- nse leq-kn-Ìp-Ifpw
]n´p-SÀ¶p-h¶ - n-cp¶ hnhn[Xcw Nn´m-
K-Xn-I-fpsS Hcp ka-\zb cq]w ]n¡m-
e¯v GXm­v F-.-Un. 300t\mSSp-¯-Im-
e-¯mbn BhnÀ`-hn-¨n-cp-¶p. CtXm-Sp-
IqSn t]Àjy³ X¯-z-Nn-´-bpsS Nne
LS-I§ - Ä IqSn tNÀ¶-t¸mÄ FÃm aX-
§Ä¡pw D]-cn-bmb Hcp AXn-am-\pj
ZÀi-\-ambn AXp hnImkw {]m]n-¨p.
Xkz-Æp-^nsâ Ncn{Xw At\z-jn-¡p-Ib - pw
tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw sNbvXn-«pÅ ]mÝm-
XyÀ Cu hgn-bn-eq-sS-bmWp \o§n-bn-«p-
Å-Xv. AXm-bXv Ckvemansâ BhnÀ`m-
h-¯n\p ap¼p-Xs¶ Xkz-Æp-^nsâ BZn-
cq]w \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶psh¦nepw ]n¶oSv
Ckvemansâ BhnÀ`m-h-¯n-\p-tijw
Xkz-Æp^v CkvemanI kwÚ-Ifpw
2007 G-{]n-Â-
- fÃmw Ckvemw aX-¯n\v hncp-²hpw hnip² JpÀ-B\pw
- n¡p t\Àhn-]c
- o-Xh
- p-am-Wv. F¶mÂ
kt¦-X§ - fpw kzoI-cn-¨p-sIm­v hnI-kn-
¸n-¡p-Ib - p-­m-bn. t]Àjy³- X¯-zN - n-´-
bpsS LS-I-§sf IqSnb tXmXn-embn
Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xp-sIm­v CkvemanI
Xkz-Æq^v Hcp t]Àjy³ Omb kzoI-
cn-¨p. AtXkabw Ad-_n-]Z- m-he - n-Ifpw
kmt¦-XnI]Z-§fpw Xkz-Æp-^n \ne-
\n¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ckvemao-I-c-W-
¯n\p hnt[-b-am-¡-s¸« Xkz-Æp-^nÂ
CkvemanI Omb-bpÅ LS-I§ - Ä F¶
\ne-bn {]I-Sa- mb km¶n-[y-ad- n-bn-¨Xv
Ad-_n-þ-t]Àjy³ ]Z-§fpw aäp-am-Wv.
adn¨v kmkvIm-cn-I-amb LS-I-§fpw
Bi-b§ - fpw X¯-z§ - f- p-saÃmw t]Àjy
³ X¯-zN - n-´b
- p-sSbpw AXn\p ap¼pÅ
an{inX \nKqV ZÀi-\¯ - n-sâbpw tijn-
¸p-I-fm-Wvþ C{X-bp-amWv Xkz-Æp-^n-s\-
¡- p - d n- ¨ pÅ ]mÝmXy ]T- \ - § - f psS
BsI-¯p-Ibpw DÅ-S-¡-hpw. ]t£,-
kq^n-ks¯ Ckvemao-I-cn-¡p-¶-hÀ
]mÝmXy Ncn{XImc³am-cpsS kq^o-N-
cn{Xw AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶n-Ã.
X¯z-§Ä
Xkz-Æ-p^v CkvemwaX-s¯ hn-I-e-
am-¡p-¶- Hcp X¯-z-imkv{X kap-Ñ-b-am-
Wv. aX-t¯mSp t\À¡p-t\sc FXn-cm-
Ip¶ ]e Bi-b-L-S-I-§epw AXn-ep-
­v. Ckveman-s\-¡p-dn-¨pÅ kmam-\y-
t_m-[¯ - nsâ ASn-Øm-\¯ - n Xk-zÆ- p-
^ns\ hne-bn-cp-¯p-t¼mÄ hntbm-Pn-
¸nsâ taJ-e-IÄ Ch-bmWv:
(1).- Ckvemw BXvaob-amb ]mI-X
tbm ]Iz-Xtbm DÅ aX-a-Ã. AXn-\mÂ
a\p-jysâ BXvaob-amb Bh-iy-§Ä¡v
Ckvemw aXn-bm-In-Ã.
(2).- {kjvSm-hn F¯n-t¨-cp-hm³
Xkz- Æ p- ^ n- e qsS am{Xta km[n- ¡ q.
Ckvemw A¯-cs - amcp ØnXn {]m]n-¡p-
hm³ ]cym-]vX-a-Ã.
(3).- aX-¯nsâ ]pdw-tXm-Sp-am-{X-amWv
{]hm-N-I³ {]t_m-[\w sNbvX Imcy-
43
§Ä.
-(4).- Znhy-Úm-\-¯nsâ t{kmXÊv
AÃm-lp-thm, apl-½Zv \_n(-e)tbm A-
Ã.- Aen(-t)bpw At±-l-¯nsâ ]n³Km-
an-I-fmb GXm\pw ioCu Kpc-¡³am-cp-
am-Wv.
(5).- Xkz-Æ-p-^nsâ hgn-bn {]th-
in-¡p-Ibpw Gsd Zqcw apt¶m«p t]mhp-
Ibpw sNbvXm aX-¯nÂ\n¶pw hy
àn kzX-{´-\m-bn. aX\nb-a§ - Ä ]n¶o-
Sp-h¶p _m[-I-ta-b-Ã.
(6).- a\p-jyÀ¡v ssZh-t¯mfw Hu¶
Xyw {]m]n-¡p-hm-\pÅ amÀK-amWv Xkz-
Æq-^v. Ckvemw C¯cw Hcp km[y-Xsb-
¡p-dn¨p ]cm-aÀin-¡p-t¶-bn-Ã. AXn-
\m B[-ym-ßn-IX Ckvema-Ã;- Xkz-
Æ-p^
- m-Wv.-
(7).- aX-s¯-¡mÄ D]-cn-bmb ]cn-K-
W-\b - Àln-¡p-¶Xv Xkz-Æp-^m-Wv. AY
hm aXw Dt]-£n¨pw ]n´p-St- c-­X - mWv
kzq^n-kw-.-
t- aÂ]-dª \ne-]m-Sp-Is - fÃmw Ckv
emw aX-¯n\v hncp-²hpw hnip² JpÀ-
B\pw {]hm-NI Ncybpw ]Tn-¸n¡p-¶-
CkvemanI ]mTm-h-en¡p t\Àhn-]-co-X-
hp- a m- W v . F¶m apI- f n ]d- ª -
sXm¶pw Xkz-Æp-^nsâ \nco-£-W-§-
f-sÃ-¶pw, Xkz-Æp-^ns\ hnaÀin-¡m-
\mbn NneÀ t_m[-]qÀh-w D¶-bn-¡p¶
Nne Btcm-]-W-§Ä am{X-am-sW-¶p-
amWv kzq^n-{]-W-bn-I-fpsS \ymbo-I-c
Ww. AXn Ig-¼n-Ã.
Xkz-Æp-^nsâ LS\
aX-¯nÂ\n¶v thdn« Hcp-L-S-\bpw
{Iahpw ]peÀ¯p-¶-Xm-Wv Xkz-Æp-^v.
Ckvemansâ aX-]-c-amb coXn-IÄ¡pw
{Ia-§Ä¡p-sam¶pw Xkz-Æp-^n Øm
\-an-Ã. Xkz-Æp-^nsâ Xn³a-I-fn Gä
hpw A]-IS- I
- c- a- mb H¶v {]hm-NI- X
- z-¯n
\v AXv bmsXmcp hnebpw \nebpw IÂ
]n-¡p-¶nà F¶-Xm-Wv. {]hm-NI - m-[ym-]-
 injys\ kw_-Ôn¨v I¬I­ ssZh-ambn Xzco-J¯
injysâ BXvamhpw ico-chpw ssiJn\p kaÀ¸n¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡W
taJ-e-I-fnepw kq^o-k-c-Wn-bn-te¡p IS-¡p-¶-h³ AwKo-I-cn-t¡-­Xv ssiJnsâ
\-§f - \
- p-kc- n¨v PohnXw {Iao-Ic- n-¡p-hm-
\pÅ aX-¯nsâ Blzm-\¯ - n-\p-]I - cw,
Xkz-Æp^v aäp Nne-XmWv Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-
¶-Xv. Xkz-Æp-^nsâ Imcy-{I-a-§Ä ]cn-
tim-[n-¡p-t¼mÄ C\n-]-d-bp-¶h AXn-
ep-ÅX - mbn ImWmw:
(1).- Xzco-J-¯p-IÄ.- (2).- ssiJ.-v (3).-
ss_A-¯v.- (4).- JnÀI.- (5).- apcoZ.-v (6).-
XzmA¯v.- (7).- X_Àdp¡v.- (8).- k\Z.-v
(9).- ZnIvÀ.- (10).- aA-vcn^¯v þ CXv {Iam-
\p-K-X-amb tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯-e-Ã. Xkz-Æp-
^n D]-tbm-Kn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ kwÚ-þ-{I-
a-§-fn NneXv F®n-¸-dªp F¶p-am-
{Xw.
Xzco-J¯
- p-IÄ
Xkz-Æp-^nsâ {]mtbm-Kn-Ic- q]w Xzco-
J¯p-If - m-W.v hnhn[ Ime-L«- §
- f- n-embn
Pohn¨ kzq^o-Kp-cp-¡³amÀ Bhnjv¡
cn-¨-h-bmWv- Hmtcm Xzco-J-¯pw.- AhÀ
Ah-cp-tS-Xmb coXn-bn Nne BNm-c-
§fpw Bi-b-§fpw hnizm-k-§fpw
DÄt¨À¯p-sIm­v cq]o-Ic- n¨ kam-´c
aX-§f - mWv kXy-¯n Xzco-J¯ - p-IÄ.
Cu kam-´c kz`mhw Xs¶-bmWv Xzco-
J-¯p-I-fpsS A]-I-Shpw. aX-¯nsâ
\nÀtZ-i-§-fn Hmtcm-¶n\pw _Z-emb
\nÀtZ-i-§Ä Xkz-Æp-^n Ah-X-cn-¸n-
¡p-¶p-­v. AÃmlphnepÅ hnizm-kw-
sXm«v ac-Wm-\-´c Pohn-X-s¯-¡p-dn-
¨pÅ hÀW-\-Ifpw hnh-c-W-§fpwhsc
kam-´-c-ho-£-W-¯n Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-
¶-h-bmWv Xzco-J¯p-IÄ. aX-¯nÂ
GXp coXn-bn-emWv Hcp- X¯-zw ]d-bp-
¶Xv B coXn-tbmSv hn]-co-X-ambn Xzco-
J¯p-IÄ AtX X¯-zw {]kvXm-h-n-¡p-
¶p.
Ckvemansâ ASn-Øm\ X¯-z-amb
XuloZv AYhm GI-ssZ-hm-ZÀiw -
t]mepw Xzco-J¯p-IÄ hnI-e-am-¡p-¶p-
­v. DZm-l-c-W-ambn-c- iYvY-mcn¿x- F¶
Xzco-J¯v Xulo-Zn\p \ÂIp¶ hni-Zo-
2007 G-{]n-Â-
- n ssiJv {]Xn-jvTn-¡s
- ¸-Sp-¶p.
- w. Pohn-X¯
- nsâ \nJne
\nÀtZi-§fpw IÂ]-\-I-fp-am-Wv.
I-cWw C{]-Im-ca- mWv: ""XuloZv {kjvSm-
hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« X¯-zaÃ. krjvSn-I-
fpsS ]c-kv]c _Ôhpw Bi-b-hn-\n-a-
bhpw tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ kmt¦-Xn-I -]-Z-
am-W-Xv. Hcp ssiJnsâ Iogn At±-
ls¯ AwKo-I-cn¨v GXm\pw injy-K-
W-§Ä H¶n-¨n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ Ic-KX - a- m-Ip
¶ BXvaob-amb DWÀhmWv \½psS
Kpcp- \ m- Y ³amÀ ]Tn- ¸ n¨X\p- k - c n¨v
XuloZv F¶p hnti-jn-¸n-¡s - ¸-Sp-¶Xv''
(A¯z-co-J¯p-ÈYvYmcn¿x,-- 2/130).
{]hm-NI ZuXy-s¯bpw B ZuXy-
¯nsâ {]m[m-\y-s¯bpw Ipdn¨v Ckv
emw ]peÀ¯p¶ [mc-W-¡p- hn-cp-²-am
Wv Xzco-J¯ - p-If - n Nne-Xnsâ [mc-W.
Hcp kq^o-{K-Ù¯ - n Fgp-Xp¶p: ""apl-
½Zv \_n(-e) Hcp ktµ-i-hm-l-I-\m-bn-
cp-¶n-Ã. At±lw {]]-©-¯nepw {]Ir-
Xn-bnepw D­m-bn-cp¶ Nne kqN-\-I-fp-
sSbpw AS-bm-f-§-fp-sSbpw ASn-Øm-\-
¯n {]Ir-Xn-bn \n¶p ]Tn-s¨-Sp-
¡p¶ Imcy-§Ä hni-Zo-I-cn¨p sImSp-
¡-bmWp sNbvX-Xv. B[-ym-ßnI Kpcp-
¡³amÀ \nÀh-ln-¡p¶ ZuXyhpw CXp
Xs¶-bm-Wv. cn-kme¯ns\ Hcp Xncn-sh-
«-ambn k¦Â]n-¨m AXn \n¶p
]IÀ¯-s¸-Sp¶ henb henb {]Im-i-
§-fmWv Xzco-J¯p-IÄ. cnkm-e¯ - nsâ
ktµ-i§ - s - f-¡mÄ a\p-jy-cm-in¡v IqSp-
XÂ hyà-amb shfn-¨hpw amÀK-ZÀi-
\hpw \ÂIp-¶Xv Xzco-J¯p-I-fm-Wv''
(Xz-co-J¯- pÊplvcn¿ 1/69).- {]hm-NI - X- z-
s¯-¡mÄ anI-¨-XmWv Xzco-J¯p-IÄ
Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p¶ hnIe kn²m-´-§Ä
F¶p hmZn-¡p¶ Bi-b-ssh-I-ey-¯n
sâ A´À[m-c-I-fmWv Hmtcm kq^o-k-
c-Wn-bpw- F¶ÀY-w!
ssiJv
Xzco-J¯
- nse B[-ymXvanI BNm-cy-
\mWv ssiJv. ssiJn-eq-sS-bmWv B[ym-
XvanIX Ic-KX- a- m-hpI F¶mWv XzcoJ-
44
¯n-epÅ ASn-Øm-\-]-c-amb X¯-zw.
Ckveman\v A\y-amWv C¯-c-samcp
ssiJv k¦Â]w. kq£va-amb Xe-
¯n Cu ssiJv k¦Â]w BÄssZh
k¦Â]- t ¯mfw hf- c p- ¶ Xv hnhn[
kq^n-{K٧fn ImWmw. injys\
kw_-Ôn¨v I¬I­ ssZh-ambn Xzco-
J-¯n ssiJv {]Xn-jvTn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.
injysâ BXvamhpw ico-chpw ssiJn
\p kaÀ¸n¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡-Ww. Pohn-X-¯n
sâ \nJne taJ-eI - f
- nepw kq^o-kc- W - n-
bn-te¡p IS-¡p-¶-h³ AwKo-I-cn-t¡-
­Xv ssiJnsâ \nÀtZi-§fpw IÂ]-
\-If - p-am-W.v amÀK-ZÀi-I\pw hgn-Im-«nbpw
F¶ kmam-\y-Xe - ¯ - n\v A¸pdw IS-¶p-
sN¶v kq^o-amÀK-¯n IS¶p sN¶
hyàn-bpsS c£-I-\pw Bcm-[y-\pw
ssZh-hp-ambn Xkz-Æp-^nse ssiJv
{]Xn-jvTn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. Nne {KÙ-§-fnÂ
Fgp-Xp-¶p:-
""Hcp injy³ Ahsâ B[-ym-ßnI
t]mcm-«-¯n i{Xp-hnsâ X{´-§Ä
XIÀ¯v Ahs\ Iogvs]-Sp-¯p¶ ]cn-
WnX {]Ú\pw AXn-am-\p-j-\p-amb
hyànsb B{i-bn-t¡-­X - p-­.v {]kvXp
X hyàn imco-cn-I-amb XrjvW-Isf
\nco-£n-¨-dn-bp-¶-h\pw ]nim-Nnsâ D]-
Pm-]-§Ä a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-h-\pw Nph-Sp-
sh-bv]p-I-fnse ]ng-IÄ hyh-tO-Zn-¨-dn-
bp-¶-h-\pw Bbn-cn¡pw'' (AÂakv-e-Ip-
Ê-Zo-Zv Cem lJ-oJ - ¯n¯ulo-Zv, t]Pv
73).-
""hyàn-Xz-¯n ]qÀW-X -{]m-]n-¨-
h-cn Hcmsf ssiJmbn sXc-sª-Sp-
t¡-­-Xm-Wv. B ssiJv {]hm-N-I-\nÂ
F¯p¶ ]c-¼c- t- bm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bh - \
- m-bn-cn-¡-
Ww. AÃm-lp-hn-s\-¡p-dn¨v {]Xy-£-
¯n Adn-bn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡m³ {]m]vX³.
AÃm- l p- h n- t e¡p \S- s ¶- ¯ p- h m³
klm-bn-¡p-¶-hÀ. A¯cw Hcp ssiJv
CÃm-¯h - \v ssiJm-bn-cn-¡pI ]nim-Nm-
 Cu coXn-bn Hcp hyàn- Kp-cp-hns\ kzoI-cn-¡pI F¶-Xn-sâ-bÀY-w Ah³ asämcp
aX¯n-te ¡p {]th-in-¡pI F¶m-Wv. Imc-Ww apkvenambn Pohn¨phcp¶ hyàn
Iena¯p-¯u-loZv ]pXp-Xmbn sNmÃn Hcp amÀK-¯n {]th-in-¡pI F¶-Xnsâ kmam\y
AÀY-w Ah³ ap¼v Ckvemam-bn-cp-¶nà F¶m-Wv.
bn-cn¡pw'' (X³hodp J-peq-_v-þ453).-
""BXvain-£-I-\mb Hcp ssiJ-ns\
{]m]n-¡m-¯-h³ F{X-h-enb Úm\n
tbm ]Þn-Xt\m Bcm-[-\-¡m-ct\m
Bbm-epw {]tbm-P-\-an-Ã. \mw hf-sc-b-
[nIw \nkvIcn-¨p, t\ms¼-Sp-¯p, hf-
sc-b-[nIw ]cn-Xym-K-a-\p-`-hn-¨p, AÃm-
lpsh AXy-[nIw kvacn-¨p, JpÀB³
[mcm-fa- mbn ]mcm-bWw sNbvXp, CsXm-
s¡-bm-bmepw B´-cn-ImÀY§Ä {Kln-
¡m³ tbmKy-\mb Hcp hyàn-bp-ambn
\mw kl-hk - n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p¶ Ime-t¯m
fw \ap¡v \½psS lrZ-bs¯ Adn-bm
t\m B´-cn-ImÀY-§-fpsS a[pcw A\p-
`-hn-¡mt\m Ign-bnÃ'' (i-d-lp lnIw
þ 541).-
aX-¯nsâ bYmÀY- X¯-z§ - fpw ZÀi-
\-§-fp-ambn C¯-c-samcp B[ymXvanI
BNmcy k¦Â]¯n\p bmsXmcp _
Ôtam IS-¸mtSm CÃ F¶XmWp hkv
Xp-X. hnip² JpÀB\n-sâbpw {]hm-
NI Ncy-bp-sSbpw A\p-[m-h\ - ¯
- n-eqsS
km[y-am-Ip¶ aX-]c- a- mb Pohn-X¯ - nÂ
C¯cw AXn-am-\p-j-\mb hyànsb
]n´p-Sc- pI F¶ k¦Â]-¯n\p Øm\-
an-Ã. Cu Xe-¯n-emWp Ckvemw Xkz-
Æp-^p-ambn hntbm-Pn-¡p-¶X - v. Xkz-Æp^v
A\nkveman-Ia- m-Ip-¶Xpw C§-s\-bm-W.v
ss_A¯v
kzq^o-amÀK-¯n {]th-in¨ hy
àn Xzco-J¯v sXc-sª-Sp-¡p-Ibpw
ssiJ-ns\ Is­-¯p-Ibpw sNbvX-ti
jw ]n¶oSp sNt¿-­Xv B ssi-Jns\
ss_A¯v (A-\p-[m-h\ DS-¼S- n) sN¿p-
I-bm-Wv. Hcp kzq^o-{KÙ-¯n Fgp-
Xp¶p: ""]cn-]qÀW--\mb Hcp ssiJns\
Is­-¯n-bm ]ns¶ sNt¿-­Xv At±-
l-t¯mSv A\p-[m-h\ DS-¼-Sn-bn GÀ
s]Sp-Ibpw At±-ls¯ ]n´p-S-cp-I-bp-
am-Wv. Bssi-JnÂ\n¶v Ien-a¯ - p-¯u- -
loZv Ah³ tI«p kzoI-cn-¡W - w'' (AÂ
2007 G-{]n-Â-
akveI-p-Ê-Zo-Zvþ83).- Cu coXn-bn Hcp
hyàn- Kp-cp-hns\ kzoI-cn-¡pI F¶-
Xn-sâ-bÀY-w Ah³ asämcp aX-¯n-te
¡p {]th-in-¡pI F¶m-Wv. Imc-Ww
apkvenambn Pohn¨phcp¶ hyàn Ien-
a-¯p-¯u-loZv ]pXp-Xmbn sNmÃn Hcp
amÀK-¯n {]th-in-¡pI F¶-Xnsâ
kmam\y AÀY-w Ah³ ap¼v Ckvemam-
bn-cp-¶nà F¶m-Wv.
JnÀJ-
kq^n-If - psS NnÓ-hk- vXp-hmWv JnÀ
J- F¶v Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. CXv kzq^n-
I-fpsS Hcp {]tXyI kq¶¯v AYh-m-
N-cy-bmWv F´mWv kq^o-{K-Ù-§Ä
]cn-bs- ¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xv: ""kq^n-If - psS amÀK-
¯n {]th-in-¡pI F¶Xv injysâ
Pohn-X-¯nse ]cn-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ Hcp
_nµp-hm-I-bm ""JnÀJ-'' F¶ Øm\-
hkv{Xw [cn-¡Â \Ã-Xm-sW¶v Kpcp-
¡³amÀ Xocp-am-\n-¨p. AXv A\p-im-kn-
¡p-Ibpw AXp-aqew injy\v BXvass[
cyhpw A\p-{K-lhpw AhÀ hn`m-h\w
sN¿p-Ibpw sNbvXp'' (AÂakveIp-Ê-
Zo-Zþ-v 90).-
""Kpcp-hn\v Xsâ injy-\n-epÅ ssI
ImcyIÀXr- X z- ¯ nsâ AS- b m- f - a mWv
JnÀJ-. injy³ Kpcp-hn\v Xs¶ kaÀ¸n-
¡p-¶X - n-sâbpw Imc-Ww, hn`n-¶§ - f
- mb
hkv{X-§f - n-te¡pw `£-W§ - f - n-te¡pw
Nmbp¶ lrZ-b§ - sf ]nSn-¨p-\nÀ¯phm
³ apco-Zn\v JnÀJ- klm-b-I-am-Ip-¶p.
Kpcp-hnsâ hn[n-sbbpw sXc-sª-Sp¸n
s\bpw AwKo-Ic- n-¡p-Ib - mWv AXp-hgn''
(A-tX-Ir-Xn-þ93).-
C¯-c-samcp thjtam BNm-ctam
Ckvemw ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«n-Ã. {]hm-
N-Isâ A[ym-]-\-§-fntem hnip²
JpÀB\nse \nÀtZ-i-§-fntem- Cu
thjhn[m\w ]cm-aÀin-¡-s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã.
aX-¯n\p _mly-amb Cu B[-ymXvanI
bqWnt^mw Ckvemansâ coXn-bà F¶p
45
hyà-am-Wv.
apcoZv
Xkz-Æq-^nsâ `mj-bnÂ, Kpcp-hn\v
Iosgm-Xp-§p¶ hnt[b injy-\mWv
apcoZv F¶-dn-bs- ¸-Sp-¶X - .v Hcp km[m-cW
aX-hn-izm-kn-bnÂ\n¶pw BXvaobm-t\z-j-
I-\n \n¶pw thdn« t{ijvT-X-bpsS
hnXm-\-¯n-emWv kq^n-IÄ Hcp apco-
Zns\ ImWp-¶-Xv: ""D¶-X-amb A`n-em-
j-§Ä DÅ-h\ - mWv Hcp apco-Zv. A_pÂ
Aºm-kp-¯o-Pm\o ]d-bp¶p: {kjvSm-
hnsâ ssZhn-I-a-l¯-zw Adn-bp-¶-h³
kXy-k-Ô-\mb Hcp apco-Zp-am-{X-am-Wv.
FÃm krjvSn-IÄ¡pw apI-fn-embn ssZhn-
I-Xz-¯n-\pÅ Hu¶Xyw Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶
Xpw Ah-\m-Wv. {kjvSm-hn-te¡v hn\oX
hnt[-b-Xz-t¯msS sNs¶-¯p-hm-\pÅ
bYmÀY- t{]c-WI - Ä Hcp apco-Zn\p am{X
sa e`n-¡p-I-bp-Åq'' (AÂak-e-Ip-Ê-Zo-
Zvþ- 72).-
Xkz-Æq-^nsâ `mj-bnse apco-Z,v Ckv
emansâ `mj-bnse `à\nÂ\n¶v Gsd
Db-c-¯n \n¡p¶p F¶p hcp-¯p-
hm-\mWv kzq^o-{K-Ù-§-fpsS {iaw. ]
t£,- ASn-Øm-\] - c- a- mb Hcp hyXymkw
Chn-sS-bp-ÅXv kzq^n-k¯ - nse injy³
hnt[-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xv Xsâ Kpcp-hmb
ssiJn-\m-W.v Ckvemanse `à³ hnt[-
b-s¸-Sp-¶Xv {kjvSm-hmb AÃm-lp-hn-¶m-
Wv. kz-q^n-bmb injysâ A\p-k-c-
Wbpw Xmgvabpw hnt[-b-Xzhpw H¶m-a-
Xmbn _Ô-s¸-Sp-¶Xv ssiJp-am-bn-«m-W.v
BbÀY-¯n apco-Znsâ hgn-s¸-SÂ
AÃm-lp-hn-\-Ã, ssiJn-\m-Wv. CXmWv
XkzÆp^nse apco-Zv-þ-ssiJv _Ô-¯n-
epÅ- A\nkveman-I-X-bpsS Xew.
XzmA¯v
Xkz-Æp-^nsâ coXn-im-kv{X-§-fnÂ,
injy³ Kpcp-hns\ Bcm-[n-¡p-¶-Xnsâ
Xe-amWp ""XzmA¯v'' F¶-Xp-sIm­v
hnh-£n-¡s- ¸-Sp-¶X
- .v kzq^o-{K-Ù¯
- nÂ
 kzq^o-Kp-cp-¡³amcpsS kvac-W-tbm _Ôtam DÅ hkvXp-¡Ä injy³amÀ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-
¶Xphgn ]qÀhn-Ic - psS A\p-{Klw, `àn, AhÀ¡p e`n¨ ssZhnI t{ijvTX - I
Chsbms¡ Ic-K-X-amIpw F¶ hnizmkw Xkz-Æp-^n-ep-­v. JnÀJ- [-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\p
Fgp-Xp¶p: ""Hcp apcoZv Xsâ ]qÀW-\mb
ssiJns\ DS-¼Sn sNbvXv, Xulo-Znsâ
hmIyw kzoI-cn¨p Ign-ªmÂ, Xsâ
kÀh\nb-{´-Whpw B ssi-Jns\ GÂ
]n-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p- I
- bpw, ssiJp-ambn kwip-
²-amb kl-hmkw A\p-jvTn-¡p-Ibpw
\ncp-]m-[n-I-ambn Iosgm-Xp-§p-I-bpw, X
sâ lrZ-b-¯nsâ `qX-e-§sf ssiJn
sâ CÑ-IÄ¡pw XmÂ]-cy-§Ä¡p-ambn
Hgn-ªp-sIm-Sp-¡p-Ibpw thWw. ssiJv
Ahs\ hfÀ¯p-Ibpw amÀK-ZÀi\w
\ÂIp-Ib - pw D¶-Xn-bn-te¡v AÂ]mÂ]
ambn DbÀ¯p-Ibpw sN¿pw. FXnÀt¸m
`n¶-Xtbm CÃm-¯h - n[w B ssi-Jns\
Ah³ A\p-[m-h\w sN¿-Ww. ImcWw
apcoZv tcmKnbpw ssiJv NnInÂkI-\p-
am-Wv. apco-Znsâ lrZ-b-tcm-K-§Ä kpJ-
s¸Spwhsc ssiJv Ahs\ NnIn-Õn-¨p-
sIm-­n-cn-¡pw. A§s\ apcoZv ssZhn-
I-amb kv]Ài-§Ä¡p ]mI-am-h-p-I-bpw
ssiJv Ah-\n BXvaÚm-\-¯nsâ
{]Im-ihpw ZrV-hn-izm-k-¯nsâ {]mW
\pw DuXn-\n-d-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw.- `qX-Im-
e-¯nsâ Nmc-¯n-\-Sn-bn-embn apco-ZnÂ
Dd-ªp-In-S¡ - p¶ hnizm-k¯ - nsâ Aán-
Pz-en-¡pw. injy³ Imcp-Wn-Isâ ka-
£-¯n-te¡v ]d-¶p-t]m-Ipw. ssZhnI
kwip-²n-bp-sSbpw Úm\-¯n-sâbpw
]Z-hn-I-fn Ah-s\-¯n-t¨cpw'' (AÂ
akveIp-ÊZ- o-Zvþ- 87).-
""tbmKy-X-IÄ XnIª Hcp ssiJn
s\ {]m]n-¨mÂ, Ipfn-¸n-s¨m-cp-¡p-¶h - sâ
ap¶nse arX-ic- ocw InS-¡p-¶X - p-t]mse
Xsâ ico-cs¯ ssiJn\v GÂ]n¨p-sIm-
Sp-¡-Ww. apco-Zn\v kz´-ambn Hcp sXc-
sª-Spt¸m Dt±-iytam D­m-Im³ ]mSnÃ''
(P-hm-ln-dp aX-\oþ1/136).-
kz-q^n-k¯ - nse C¯cw \nÀtZ-i§
Ä CkvemwaX-hp-ambn tbmPn-¡p-¶-h-b-
Ã. Ckveman \ncp-]m-[n-Ihpw ]qÀW-
hp-amb A\p-kc- Ww AÃm-lp-hn\pam{X-
- Ä
]n¶n Cusbmcp k¦Â]ap-­v.
amWv hI-sh¨p sImSp-¡p-¶-Xv. hyàn-
IÄ F{X-Xs¶ t{ijvTtcm Ah-cpsS
al¯-zw BIm-i-t¯mfw DbÀ¶tXm
BbmÂt]mepw aX-]-chpw B[-ym-ßn-
I-hp-amb taJ-e-I-fn Ahsc \ncp-]m-
[nIw A\p-k-cn-¡m³ Ah-Im-i-an-Ã.
Ckvemansâ Cu kp{]-[m\ X¯-zs¯
A«n-a-dn-¡p¶ Xkz-Æp^v Ckveman-I-am-
hpI km[y-a-Ã-tÃm.
X_Àdp¡v
kzq^o-Kp-cp-¡³amcpsS kvac-Wt- bm
_Ôtam DÅ hkvXp-¡Ä injy³amÀ
D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xphgn ]qÀhn-I-cpsS
A\p-{Klw, `àn, AhÀ¡p e`n¨ ssZ
hnI t{ijvT-X-IÄ Ch-sbms¡ Ic-K-X-
amIpw F¶ hnizmkw Xkz-Æp-^n-ep-­v.
JnÀJ- [-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\p ]n¶n Cusbm
cp k¦Â]ap-­v. Xkz-Æp-^nsâ {KÙ-
¯n Fgp-Xp-¶p:
""]cn-]qÀW-cmb ssiJp-am-cnÂ\n¶v
JnÀJ- [-cn-¡p-¶-Xnsâ XmÂ]cyw Ah-
cnÂ\n-¶pÅ A\p-{K-lhpw sFiz-cyhpw
]IÀ¶p e`n-¡pI F¶-Xm-Wv. Cu
kwhn-[m-\¯ - n-eqsS ]qÀhn-Ic- psS ØnXn-
K-Xn-IÄ ]IÀ¯-s¸-Spw. kz-q^n-k-¯n-
te¡v Ahsâ lrZbw \bn-¡-s¸-Sm³
AXp-Im-cW - h- p-am-bn-¯o-cpw. AÃm-lp-hp-
ambn _Ô-ap-­m-Ipw. ]qÀhn-I-cmb ]e
BXvaÚ-\n-IÄ¡pw `hn-¨-Xp-t]mse
BXvak-c-Wn-bn-te-¡pÅ IWn-i-amb
A`n-em-ja- p-­m-Ipw. Gähpw t{ijvTa- mb
[Àa-ka- c- ¯
- n\v Ah³ iàn-bmÀP-n¡ - pw.
AÃm-lp-hn-te¡p aSnb-pw Ae-kX - b- pan
-ÃmsX apt¶-dphm³ tbmKy-\m-Ipw''
(AÂakveIp-ÊZ- o-Zþv- 93).-
""A{]-Imcw ]qÀW-\mb Hcp ssiJv
Xsâ hkv{Xw Ducn-sb-Sp¯v- Xsâ apco-
- Zns\ DS-\Sn AXp -[-cn-¸n-¨m X¶n-ep
Å al¯-zw injy\nte¡p {]h-ln-¡p-
¶-Xm-Wv. AÚ-X-bpsS BÔ-y-¯nÂ
\n¶v apco-Zn\v ImgvN In«p-¶-Xpw hnhn[
2007 G-{]n-Â- 46
temI-§f - psS ImgvNI - Ä Ah\p km[y-
am-Ip-¶-Xp-amWv'' (A-en-¿-p_v\p A_o-
Xzm-en-_v;- -C-am-a-p Bcn-^o³-þ137-,- 138).-
C¯cw Hcp Znhy-amb ssIam-ä-coXn
Ckvemw AXnsâ X¯-ztam A\p-jvTm-
\tam Bbn ]cn-Nb - s
- ¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«n-Ã. {]m
No\ aX-§f - psS km¦Â]nI-amb kwhn-
[m-\-§-fp-sSbpw B[-ym-ßn-I-X-bpsS
t]cn-epÅ _men-i-amb \S-]-Sn-I-fp-sS
bpw A\p-I-c-W-am-Wn-Xv. Ckvemansâ
BÀP-hhpw hyà-Xb - p-apÅ IÀa-þh - n-izm-
km-[n-jvTn-Xa- mb Bßob aÞ-e¯ - nÂ
C¯cw \ncÀY--Ihpw _men-i-hp-amb
Imcy-§Ä¡v bmsXmcp Øm\-hp-an-sÃ-
¶mWv a\-Ên-em-t¡-­X - v.
k\Zv
kq^n-If - psS k\Zv F¶p ]d-bp-¶Xv
AhÀ D¶-bn-¡p¶ ]c-¼-c-bm-Wv. Hcp
ssiJv X\n¡v B[-ym-ßn-I-Úm\w
e`n¨ ]c-¼c- s - b-¡p- d- n¨p \ÂIp¶ hnh-
cWw B ssi-Jnsâ k\-Zm-Wv. kz-q^n-
I-fpsS Kpcp-] (t)-hn-em-Wv. Cu {]h-W
X Xzco-J-¯p-IÄ¡p ioCu Nn´m-[m-c-
bp-am-bpÅ _Ô-amWp shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p-
¶-X.v
kq^o-{K-Ù-¯n Fgp-Xp¶p: ""kq
^n-I-fpsS k\Zv AwK-hkv{Xw (JnÀJ-)
P]w (XÂJ-o³) F¶n-h-bp-ambn _Ô-
s¸-«X - m-W.v FÃm kq^n ]c-¼I - fpw Xzco-
J-¯p-Ifpw kzq^n-I-fpsS t\Xm-hmb
Camw Pqss\-Zp _Kv-ZmZn-bn sN¶p-
tN-cp-¶p. At±lw Xsâ Kpcp knÀd-n¿p-
ÊnJvXzo, At±lw aA-vdq-^p J-ÀJo,
At±lw Zmhq-Zp-¯zm-Cu, At±lw l
_o-_p APvao, At±lw lk-\pÂ
_kz-co, At±-lw- Aen¿-p_v\p A_o-
Xz-m-en-_v-þ-F-¶n-§-s\-bpÅ ]c-¼-c-sb-
bmWv ]n´p-S-cp-¶-Xv'' (AÂakveIp-Ê-
Zo-Zþ-v 96).-
kq^o-k-\-Znsâ Hcp khn-ti-jX
Aen(e)b-n am{Xsa Ah-km-\n-¡p-I-
 C¯-cs - amcp coXn-imkv{Xw Ckveman-Ia- Ã
kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ B[m-c-in-e-bp-ambn kzoI-cn¨p Ign-ªm ]n¶oSv Hcp Kpcp-hn-eqsS Cu
BZÀi-hmIyw {]tXy-I-ambn Gsä-Sp-¡p-I-bpw Gsä-Sp-¡p¶ hyàn¡v C¡m-cy-¯n-epÅ
tbmKyX \nÀW-bn-¡p-hm-\mbn Hcp Kpcp Xb-m-dm-bn-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pI F¶Xv
bpÅq F¶-Xm-Wv. CXv ioCu kaq-l-
ambn kzq^n- k - ¯ n- \ pÅ _Ôhpw
kmay-Xb - p-amWv shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xv. Cu
hkvXpX Nne ]n¡me ]Þn-X³amÀ
Nq­n-¡m-Wn-¨t- ¸m-gmWv Dkva- m\n-(e
- )epw
A_q-_Ivdn-(-e)epw Ah-km-\n-¡p¶
k\-Z-p-I-fp-ambn Nne ]n¡me- Xz-coJ-
¯p-IÄ cwK-¯p-h-¶-Xv. F¶m Ckv
eman C¯-c-samcp k\-Znsâ Bh-iy-
an-Ã. aX-]-c-ambn hnÚm-\-§Ä, {]hm-
N-I- N-cy-sb-¡-p-dn-¨pÅ hnh-c-W-§Ä,
Ncn{X ]cm-aÀi-§Ä F¶n-§-s\-bpÅ
hbpsS Imcy-¯n hniz-k\ - o-bX Dd¸p-
h-cp-¯m-\m-bpÅ ]cn-tim-[-\-bn Ah-
ew-_n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶ -k-\Zpw Xkz-Æp-^nse
k\Zpw c­p hyXykvX Imcy-§-fmWv.
ZnIvÀ
HcmÄ Xkz-Æp-^n {]th-in-¨mÂ
Ah\v- Kpcp Ien-a-X-p-¯u-loZv sNmÃn-
s¡m-Sp-¡Ww F¶mWv kzq^o- \nba-w.
kq^o- {-- K-Ù¯
- n Fgp-Xp¶p: ""apco-Znsâ
lrZbw \Ã `qanbpw ^e-]p-jvSn-bp-apÅ
a®p-ambn Kpcp Xncn-¨-dnªp Ign-ªm
Â, Ien-aX-p¯-ulo-Zm-Ip¶ hr£-¯n\p
]än-b-Xmbn a\-Ên-em-¡n-bm Ah\p
Ien-aX-p¯uloZv- sNmÃn-s¡m-Sp-¡W - w''
(AÂakveIp-Ê-Zo-Zv-,- -t]Pv 84).-
C¯-cs- amcp coXn-imkv{Xw Ckveman-
I-a-Ã. HcmÄ Xulo-Zns\ Xsâ BZÀi
hpw kwkvIm-c¯ - nsâ B[m-ci - n-eb
- p-am
bn kzoI-cn¨p Ign-ªm ]n¶oSv Hcp
Kpcp-hn-eqsS Cu BZÀi-hmIyw {]tXy-
I-ambn Gsä-Sp-¡p-I-bpw Gsä-Sp-¡p¶
hyàn¡v C¡m-cy-¯n-epÅ tbmKyX
\nÀW-bn-¡p-hm-\mbn Hcp Kpcp Xb-m-dm-
bn-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pI F¶Xv Ckveman-
I-a-Ã. Cu \ne¡v kz-q^nkw Ckvemap-
ambn hntbm-Pn-¡p-¶p.
aAvcn^X-v
Xkz-Æq-^nsâ Gähpw anI¨ KpW-
2007 G-{]n-Â-
- . HcmÄ Xulo-Zns\ Xsâ BZÀihpw
Ckveman-I-a-Ã.
^-e§ - f- n H¶v F¶v ]cn-Nb
¶Xv aAvcn^-Xn-s\-bm-Wv. Znhy-Úm\w
F¶v CXns\ AÀY-IÂ]\ sN¿p-¶Xp
ImWmw. `uXn-Ihpw BXvaob-hp-amb
Imcy-§-fpsS cl-kyhpw ]c-kyhpw hy
à-ambn a\-Ên-em-¡m³ km[n-¡p¶
Ah-Ø-bmWp aAvcn^Xv- F¶-Xp-sIm
­v- hnh-£n-¡s - ¸-Sp-¶X - v. Xkz-Æp-^nsâ
{KÙ-§-fn ]d-bp¶p:
""Cu ssZhn-Ia- mb {]Imiw aqew kq
^ok-c-Wn-bn {]th-in-¨-h-\n \n¶v
{]m]-©n-IX - b- psS CcpÄ \o§n-t¸m-hpI-
bpw ico-c¯ - nsâ ad-IÄ Icn-ªp-t]mhp-
I-bpw ]cn-ip-²n-bn-te-¡pÅ Ahsâ
{]bm-W-¯n Ah³ kZvKXn-{]m-]n-¨-
h-\m-bn-¯o-cp-Ib - pw A§-s\-bh
J-am-cp-sSbpw Znhy-mÂ`qX-§-fp-sSbpw
taJ-e-bnse Akm-[m-c-W-X-IÄ a\-Ên-
em-¡m³ {]m]vX-\m-hp-I-bpw ssZh-¯n
sâ \ma-§-fp-sSbpw hnti-j-W-§-fp-sS
bpw clkyw DÄs¡m-Åm³ tbmKy-\m-
bn-¯o-cp-Ib - pw kzi-co-c¯ - n-sâbpw k¯-
bp-sSbpw ImXÂ thÀXn-cn-¨-dn-bp-I-bpw
Ah-\p-t\sc ]cn-ip-²-amb Xsâ {]Im-
i-k-lnXw {kjvSmhp shfn-s¸-Sp-¶Xpw
A§-s\-b-h³ kXy-¯n\p t\À¡v-
F¯n-t¨-cp-¶X - p-am-bn-cn¡pw'' (AÂakve
Ip-ÊZ- o-Zþv- 118).-
kz-q^n-k¯ - nsâ ]Zm-he
¶ ""aAvcn^X-v'' GXÀY-¯n-emWv- D]-
tbm-Kn-¡s- ¸-Sp-¶s- X¶v asämcp {KÙ-¯n
 hni-Z-am-¡p¶p:
""aAvcn^X-v, kzq^n-If - psS `mj-bnÂ
bmYmÀY-y-¯nsâ aqÀ¯n-aZv`mh-amb
AÃm-lp-hns\ Ahsâ \ma-§Ä,- hnti-
j-W§ - Ä F¶nh klnXw Adn-bp-¶Xn
sâ ]cym-ba- m-W.v AÃm-lp-hns\ Ahsâ
ssIIm-cy-§f - n hmkvXh - a- m-¡p-Ib - m-W-
Xv. Cu Ah-Ø-bn-Â F¯n-b-h³ Ah
sâ Xcw-Xmgv¶ kz`m-h-§-fn \n¶pw
AXnsâ hn]-¯p-I-fnÂ\n¶pw ip²o-I-
47
- s - ¸-Sp-¯p- cn-¡-s¸Spw'' (AÀcnkm-e-¯p J-pssi-
cn-¿þ- 141).-
AXn-am-\p-j-Xz-¯n-te-¡pÅ hfÀ¨-
bm-bmWv kz-q^n-IÄ aAvcn^X-ns\ Im
Wp-¶X - .v A\nkvemanI-amb Cu Úm\
k¦Â]w Ckvemansâ bYm-À-Y- ho£-
W-§-tfmSv FÃm AÀY-¯nepw hntbm-
Pn-¡p-¶p.
lJ-o-J-¯nsâ bmYmÀY-yw-
Xkz-Æp-^nsâ ]Zm-he - n-If
- nse asäm-
¶mWv lJ-oJ-¯v. D¬a, bmYmÀY-yw,
hkvXp-X, ]c-amÀY-w Fs¶m-s¡-bmWv
lJ-o-J-¯nsâ AÀY-w. CXv a\p-jys\
ssZht¯m-fw- DbÀ¯p-hm³ kzq^n-IÄ
]n´p-S-cp¶ Hcp Zpcq-l-amb kwÚ-bm-
- ³ amem-
Wv. Xkz-Æp-^nsâ IrXn-I-fn CXn\v
\ÂI-s¸-Sp¶ \nÀh-N-\-§Ä C{]-Im-c-
amWv:
(1).- ""AÃm-lp-hnsâ Bfp-If - psS ssi
en-bn lJ-o-J-¯v F¶m ssZh-Xz-
¯nsâ AS-bm-f-§Ä¡v km£n-bm-hp-
Ibpw ssZhn-I-amb \ma-§Ä,- {]hr-¯n-
IÄ F¶n-h-bpsS cl-ky-§Ä shfn-
s¸«p In«-ep-amWv'' (AÂakveIpÊZo-Zv-
þ164).-
(2).- ""lJ-oJ-s¯-¶mÂ, AÃm-lp-hn
sâ hnti-jW - §
- ÄsIm­v \nsâ hnti-
j-W§ - f - psS AS-bm-f§
- sf \ntj-[n-¡-
- n-If - n hcp
em-Wv. \ns¶-s¡m­v {]hr-¯n-¸n-¡p-¶-
h³ Ah-\m-Wv, \n¶n {]hÀ¯n-¡p-
¶-h\pw Ah-\m-Wv F¶-hn-[¯ - nÂ'' (cn-
km-e¯p CkzvXznem-lp-Êzq-^n-¿o³-þ533).-
(3).- ""ssZh-Xz-¯n\v ZrIvkm- £n-bm-Ip-
I-bmWv lJ-oJ-¯nsâ XmÂ]cyw'' (AÀ
cnkm-e-¯p J-pssicn-¿-þ43).-
Ah-Im-ih
- m-Z§
- Ä
hnip-²n-bn-te¡pw ssZh-Xz-¯n-te-
¡p-apÅ {]bm-Wa- mWv kzq^nkw F¶v-
AXnsâ hàm-¡Ä Ah-Im-is - ¸-Sp-¶p.
HcÀY--¯n BÄssZh-§-fpsS cq]o-I-
 Ckvemw Xkz-Æp-^ns\ AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶nà F¶-XmWv bmYmÀY-yw. A\nkve-am- n-I-amb Hcp
Ir{Xna X¯-z-im-kv{X-am-W-Xv. Xkz-Æp-^n\v ZnhyXzpw BXvaob ]Z-hnbpw \ÂIp-¶-hÀ
CkvemanI kwkvIrXn-tbmSv hntbm-Pn-¸pÅ aX-\n-tj-[n-Ifpw aX-\n-cm-I-c-W-hm-Zn-I-fp-am-Wv.
Ckvemansâ B[-ymXvanIX Ckvemw Xs¶-bm-Wv-þ-X-kz-Æp-^Ã.-
c-Ww, \ne-\nÂ]v, Ckvemansâ t]cnÂ
BÄssZh kwkvIr-Xn¡p \oXo-Ic- Ww
\ÂIÂ F¶n-hs - bms¡ XkzÆ-p^ - nsâ
ad-]n-Sn-¨mWp km[y-am-Im³ {ian-¡p-¶-
Xv. Ckvemw hn`m-h\w sN¿p¶ GI-
ssZ-hXz kwkvIr-Xn-bp-ambn Xkz-Æq^v
hntbm-Pn-¡p-I-bm-Wv, tbmPn-¡p-I-bÃ
sN¿p-¶X - v.
Xkz-Æp-^nsâ Xn³aIÄ
(1).- Ckvemans\ hn-I-e-am-¡p-¶-
Bi-b§ - fpw X¯-z§
- fpw DÄt¨À¶n-cn-
¡p-¶p.
(2).- t]Àjy³ \nKq-V-hm-Z-¯nsâ
LS-I§ - Ä IqSp-Xe- mbn kzm[o\w sNep-
¯p-¶p.
(3).- BXvaob-X-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸«,-
Ckveman\v A\y-amb ZpÀ{K-l-X-IÄ
Ckveman ASn-t¨Â]n-¡m³ {ian-¡p-
Ibpw AXp-hgn ]u-tcm-lnXy aX-§f - psS
A[x-]-X\w Ckveman-te¡p sIm­p-h-
cp-¶-Xn\v bXv\n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.
(4).- BÄssZh kwkvIrXn-bpsS Xn³
aIÄ, hyàn-]q-P, BÚ-X-bpsS Znhy
h¡c-Ww, aqV-hn-izm-k§ - f- psS {]am-
W-h¡c-Ww, AXn-am-\pj k¦Â]w
F¶n-hs- bms¡ Ckveman-te¡p IS-¯n-
¡q-«p-hm³ {ian-¡p-¶p.
(5).- {]hm-NI A[ym-]\- §
- sf XÅn-
¡-fb - p-Ibpw B[-ymXvanI BNm-cy³am
À¡v ZnhyXzw IÂ]n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.
(6).- ioCk¯nsâ ]e kmt¦-XnI
]Z§fpw ]cn-IÂ]\-Ifpw BhÀ¯n
¡p-Ibpw Ahbv¡v ZpÀ{Kl-amb hni-Zo-
I-c-W-§Ä \ÂIpIbpw sN¿p-¶p.
(7).- aXw e£y-am-¡p¶ sshbIvXn
Ihpw kmaq-lnIhpamb ZuXy-§-fnÂ
\n¶pw ]n´n-cn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw hyàntI{µn
X-amb B[-ym-ßn-IX F¶ k¦Â]¯n
sâ ad-]n-Sn¨v Ckvemansâ kaql\nÀam
W aqey-§sf XnckvIcn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-
2007 G-{]n-Â-
¶pþ CsXÃmw CkvemanI kwkvIrXn-
bpsS e£y-§fpw Dt±-i§- fpw XÅn-¡-
f-bp¶ Xn³a-If
- m-Wv.
anÌn-knkw
\nKq-V-hm-Z-¯nsâ Xe-¯n-te¡v
Xkz-Æ-p^v A[x-]-Xn-¡p-¶p-­v. ]mÝm
Xy X¯-zN - n-´I
- s- cbpw At\z-jI
BIÀjn¨ anÌn-kn-k¯ - nsâ ]e kz`m-
h§fpw Xkz-Æ-p-^n-\p-­v. anÌnknk
s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Nne \nÀhN-\§
bm-W.v
(1).- BXy-´nI D¬abp-ambn hyàn-
kz-¯z-¯nsâ kwe-b-\-amWv anÌnkn
kw e£y-am-¡p-¶Xv'' (anÌnknkw C³dn
en-Py-³k,-v t]Pv 104,- U-»yq.- C. tdmjÀ).-
(2).- ""a\p-jy\v kzX-{´-amb coXn-bn
 km[y-am-Ip¶ B[-ymXvanI-X-bpsS
]mc-ay- X
- b - mWp anÌnknkw e£y-am-¡p-
¶-Xv. hyàn¡v ]e Aam-\p-jn-IX
{]m]n-¡m³ anÌn-knkw hgn-sbm-cp-¡p-
sa-¶mWv ]uckvXyanÌn-¡p-If
Im-i-hmZw'' (anÌnknkw Bâ v shtÌ
¬ ^ntem-k-^n, ImÄbmkvthg-v-kv,
t]Pv 239).-
(3).- ""{]mNo-\a- mb B[-ymXvanI coXn-
I-fpsS ka-\z-b-amWv anÌn-knkw.- BXv
aob-X-bp-sSbpw a\pjykm[y-amb Znhy
Xz {]m]vXnbp-sSbpw X¯-z-im-kv{X-am-
WXv'' (anÌnknkw Bâ v kv]ncn-¨zÂ
FIvkv]ocn-b³k-kv, s^UvdnIv BjÀ,
t]Pv 63).-
Cu \nÀh-N-\-§-fn ]eXpw Xkz-
Æp-^nsâ \nÀh-N\ - §
- f - p-ambn tbmPn-¡p-
¶p-­v. Xkz-Æp-^n ]e {]mNo\ \nKq-
V-X¯ - z- i - m-kv{X-§f - p-sSbpw Awi-§Ä
ebn¨p tNÀ¶n-«p­v F¶v ]mÝmXy
Kth-jÀ Øm]n-¨n-«p-ÅXp {it²-ba- m-W.v
CkvenanIv anÌn-kn-k-amWv Xkz-Æp^v
F¶v A`n-{]m-b-s¸-«n-«p-Å-h-cp-­v. ]e
]mÝmXyKth-j-Icpw anÌn-kn-k-s¯
48
bpw Xkz-Æp-^n-s\bpw c­p hyXykvX
[mc-I-fm-bn-«mWp ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-
ÅXv F¶Xpw {it²-ba- m-W.v c­pw H¶-
Ã, F¶m c­p-\p-an-Sb - n kam-\X - I
- Ä
]e-Xp-ap­v F¶mWv \mw a\-Ên-em-t¡-
­n-hc- p-¶X
- v.
Xkz-Æp-^nsâ BXy-´n-I-e£yw
- s- cbpw
a\p-jys\ BXvaob-ambn DZv{KYn-¡p-I-
bmWv F¶v AXnsâ D]-Úm-Xm-¡Ä
- Ä Ch- Ah-Im-is- ¸-Sp-Ibpw B \n-ebv¡ - p {KÙ-
c-N\ \S¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p-­.v F¶mÂ
Ckvemw Xkz-Æp-^ns\ AwKo-I-cn-¡p-
¶nà F¶-XmWv bmYmÀY-yw. A\nkvem-
-an-I-amb Hcp Ir{Xna X¯-z-im-kv{X-am-
W-Xv. Xkz-Æp-^n\v ZnhyXzpw BXvaob
]Z- h nbpw \ÂIp- ¶ - h À Ckv e manI
kwkvIrXn-tbmSv hntbm-Pn-¸pÅ aX-\n-
tj-[n-Ifpw aX-\n-cm-Ic- W - h
- m-Zn-If- p-am-Wv.
Ckvemansâ B[-ymXvanIX Ckvemw
- I- fpw Xs¶-bm-Wvþ- X - k
- z-Æp-^à F¶ÀY-w.
Bi-bm-h-ew-_-§Ä
- psS Ah-
1).- cn-km-e-Xp Izpssicn¿x-
2).- AÂakveIp-Ê-ZoZv.-
3).- id-lp lnIw.-
4).- cnkm-e-X-p-¯kzÆp^.-v
5).- anÌn-knkw Cân-en-Py-³kv.-
6).- anÌn-knkw Bâ v sht̬
^ntem-k^n.-
7).- anÌn-knkw.-
8).- anÌn- k nkw Bâ v kv ] ncn- ¨ zÂ
FIvkv]ocn-b³kkv.-
9).- lnÌdn Hm^v dnen-Pz³kv.-
10).- ClvbmD-eq-aq-±o³-.-
11).- aP-v-aDÂ- -^-Xmhm C_v\p ssXan¿x-
12).- A¯zcoJ-¯pivi^vYmcn¿x-
13).- Xzco-J-¯pÊlvcn¿x-
14).- X³hodp J-peq_v.-
15).- Phm-ln-dp a¯\o.-
16).- Aen-¿p_v\pA_o-Xzm-en-_v-þ-C-am-
ap Bcn-^o³.-
17).- cnkm-eX-p CkzvX- zn-em-ln-Êzq-^n-¿o- ³.-
 a-\p-jy-sâ- _m-[y-X-
a\pjy³ ssZhnIamÀKZÀi\
{]Imcw Pohn¡pt¼mgmWv a\pjyXz¯n
s³d ]qÀWamb {]Imi\w km[yam
hpIsb¶mWv Ckvemw ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xv.
a\pjys³d ssPhnIamb Bhiy§Ä
]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸Sp¶tXmsSm¸w
Bßmhns³d DZm ¯oIcWw F§s\
km[n¡msa¶mWv {]hmNI³ Xs³d
Pohn¯neqsS ]Tn¸n¨pX¶Xv. P´pk
lPamb hnImc§sfsbm¶pw AhKWn
¡msX Xs¶ Ahsb F§s\ am\ho
Icn¡msa¶mWv Ckvemw ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xv.
a\pjy {]IrXnbpambn \qdp iXam\w
tbmPn¨p t]mhp¶ aXamWv Ckvemw
F¶p ]dbpt¼mÄ CXmWv AÀY-
am¡p¶Xv.
`£Ww Ign¡pIsb¶Xv a\pjy
s³d P´pklPam-b Hcp BhiyamWv.
Cu Biy¯ns³d ]qÀ¯oIcWw Ah
s³d Poh³ \ne\nÀ¯m³- A\nhmcy
hpamWv. F¶m hni¸ns³d ia\¯n
\p th­n GXp `£Whpw Ign¡phm³
a\pjy\v ]äptam? CsömWp¯cw.
`£Wk¼mZ\¯nepw D]tbmK¯n
epw D]t`mK¯nepsaÃmw P´p¡fnÂ
\n¶v hyXykvXambn a\pjy³ Nne
\nba§Ä A\pkcnt¡­Xps­¶v
Ahs³d B-´cmßmhv Aht\mSv ]d
bp¶p. A\ycpsS k¼¯v sImÅbSn
¡cpXv F¶ t_m[w a\pjys³d am{Xw
{]tXyIXbmWv. asämcp Pohnbpw Xm³
`£n¡p¶Xv A\yt³dXmtWmsb¶v
]cntim[n¡mdnÃ. `£n¡pIsb¶
P´pklPamb Bhiyhpw A\yt³d
Xmhm³ ]mSnsö Bßmhns³d B{K
lhpw ka\zbn¡pt¼mÄ A[zm\n¨v
`£Ww k¼mZn¡pIsb¶ Bibw
\nÀ²cn¡s¸Sp¶p. CXmWv XZvhnjbI
amb am\hnIX. a\pjys³d PohnXhy
2007 G-{]n-Â-
hlmc§fn apgph³ Cu am\hnI
\ne]mSv kzoIcn¡phm\mWv Ckveman
s³-d A\pimk\.
HcmÄ¡v ASnkvYm\]cambn aq¶p
Xcw _m[yXIfmWpÅXv. {kjvSmhn
t\mSpw CXc krjvSnItfmSpw Xt¶mSp
Xs¶bpw DÅ _m[yXIfmWnh. Cu
_m[yXIÄ \ndthäp¶XneqsS HcmÄ
a\pjyXz¯ns³d DZm¯amb `mhw
{]m]n¡p¶p. AYhm ]qÀW\mb Hcp
apkvenw Bbn¯ocp¶p.
\s½ ]S¡pIbpw ]cn]men¨psIm
­ncn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ ]S¨X¼pcm
t\mSmWv BZyambn a\pjyÀ¡v _m[y
XIfpÅXv. AÃmlphns³d k¯bn
tem KpW§fntem {]hÀ¯\§fntem
aämscbpw ]¦ptNÀ¡mXncn¡pIbpw
Ahs\ am{Xw Bcm[n¡pIbpw sNbv
XpsIm­v Ah³ \ÂInb A\p{Kl
§Ä¡v IrXPvRX {]ISn¸n¡p¶Xneq
sSbmWv Cu _m[yX \ndthäs¸tS­
Xv. ssZhimk\IÄ A\pkcn¨psIm­v
Pohn¡p¶XneqsS ssZhm\p{Kl§Ä
¡v \µn {]Imin¸n¡phm\pw AtXmsSm
¸w Xs¶ kz´w PohnXs¯ hnaeoIcn
¡pI hgn [\yam¡phm\pw a\pjyÀ¡v
Ignbp¶p. Ckvemanse Bcm[\IÄ
C¡mcyw {]ISam¡p¶p. A-©p-t\-cs- ¯-
\-a-kv-Im-cw- A-h-s\- sX-äp-I-fnÂ- \n-¶v-
ap-Iv-X-am-¡p-¶p.- kIm¯v Ahs\ hn\
bm\znX\pw A²zm\ioe\pam¡p¶p.
{h-Xm\pjvTm\w Ah\n BßkaÀ¸
W¯n\pÅ k¶²X hfÀ¯p¶p.
lPvPv Ah\n ssZhamÀK¯n {]hÀ
¯n¡phm\pÅ B-thiap­m¡p¶p.
{]]©{kjvSmhn¶pÅ k¼qÀWamb
kaÀ¸-Whpw Ahs³d ZqX¶pÅ \ncp
]m[nIamb A\pkcWhpamWv Ckv
emw. AXmWv h{IXbnÃm¯ aXw.
49
{]hmNI³ (e)]dªp: "Rm³ sIm
­phcp¶Xns¶Ãmw \n§fpsS CNvO
hg§p¶Xphsc \n§fmcpw Xs¶
hnizmknIfmhpIbnÃ-' (_p-Jm-cn-,- ap-kv-
enw)-.-
a\pjyÀ X½n F§s\ hÀ¯n¡
Wsa¶pw kz´t¯mSv \oXn]men¨p
sIm­v F§s\ Pohn¡Wsa¶psaÃmw
Ckvemw ]Tn¸n¡p¶p­v. hyIvXnbnÂ
hfÀ¶phtc­ KpW§fmbn hnip²
JpÀB\pw \_nNcybpw ]Tn¸n¨ Imcy
§sfÃmw Ahs³d am\hnIXsb
{]tim`n¸n¡m\pXIp¶XmWv. ss]im
NnIKpW§fmbn JpÀB\pw \_nNcy
bpw F®nb Imcy§fn \n¶v Hgnªp
\n¡p¶Xv hyIvXnbpsSbpw kaql
¯ns³dbp saÃmw \·¡v AXy´mt]
£nXamWv.
Hcp apkvenans³d PohnXs¯ hna
eoIcn¡p¶Xv "kq£vaX' (XJvh)bmWv.
ssZh`b¯n \n¶mWv kq£vaX DS
seSp¡p¶Xv. {]]©amkIew krjvSn
¨p ]cn]men¨p sIm­ncn¡p¶ AÃm
lphns³d A]mcamb A\p{Kl§sf
A\p`hn¨psIm­v Pohn¡p¶hcpsS-
_m[yXbmWv Ahs³d \nba\nÀtZi-
§Ä A\pkcn¨p Pohn¡pIsb¶Xv.
C§s\ A\pkcn¨p Pohn¡pI hgn
AÃmlphns³d sFlnIhpw ]mc{XnI
hpamb in£bv¡pw tIm]¯n\pw ]m{X
amhmsX kzicocs¯ Im¯pkq£n¡p
hm³ a\pjyÀ¡v km[n¡p¶p. Cu kq
£vaXbmWv a\pjysc hnaeoIcn¡p
¶Xv. "kq£vaX'(XJvh)bneqsS apgpPo
hnXhpw sXäpIpä§fn \n¶p apIvX-
am¡phm\pw A§s\ ssZh{]oXn¡v
]m{Xambns¡m­v kzÀK{]thi¯n\v
AÀlcmIphm\pamWv hnip² JpÀB³
Bhiys¸Sp¶Xv.
 A-_q-A-ao³-
B-\-tcm-jKv-S-syhp-¸-Swp-¯
- H-gm-n-hXp-n-ckn-¡-a-bp-Ih-- p-w
""]n-¶o-Sv- B- Zn-h-k-¯nÂ- kp-Jm-\p-`-h-§-sf-¸-än- XoÀ-¨-bm-bpw-

\n-§Ä- tNm-Zyw- sN-¿-s¸-Sp-I- X-s¶- sN-¿pw''- þ JpÀ-B³- 102:-8

B-tcm-Kyw- H-cp- a-l-¯m-b- A-\p-{K-
l-am-Wv.- tcm-Km-hk- Yv- b- nÂ- I-jSv- s- ¸-Sp-¶-
h-sc- Im-Wp-¶- Hm-tcm-cp-¯À-¡pw- C-Xv- Xn-
cn-¨-dn-bm³- km-[n-¡pw.- {]m-Y-an-I- Ir-Xy-
§Ä- t]m-epw- kz-´-am-bn- \nÀ-h-ln-¡p-
hm³- km-[n-¡m-sX- a-äp-Å-h-sc- B-{i-bn-
t¡-­nh- c- nI- - F-¶X- v- F-´p-am-{Xw- {]b- m-
k-Ic- a- m-W!v- tcm-KnI- s- f- k-µÀ-in¡- Â- ]p-
Wy-am-sW-¶v- ]-Tn¸- n¨- - {]h- m-NI- s- ³d-(e)
N-cy- {]-m-hÀ-¯n-I-am-¡p-¶-hsc X-§Ä-
¡v- e-`n¨- nc- n¡- p-¶- B-tcm-Ky-sa-¶- A-\p{K-
l-s¯-¡p-dn¨- -v {]t- Xy-Iw- ]-dª - d- nb- nt- ¡-
­n- h-cnÃ- .- ]-t£,- Cu- A-\p-{Kl- w- btY-
jvS- w- A-\p-`h- n¡- p-Ib- pw- B-kz- Zn¡- p-Ib- pw-
sN-¿p-¶- \-½Ä- Cu- A-\p-{K-l-§-fp-sS-
Zm-Xm-hn-s\-¡p-dn-¨v- HmÀ-¡p-hm-t\m- \-µn-
Im-Wn-¡p-hm-t\m- ]-e-t¸m-gpw- X-bm-dm-Ip-
¶n-Ã- F-¶-Xm-Wv- hm-kv-X-hw.- C-sX-Ãmw-
\Â-Inb- - A-Ãm-lp- \-s½- FÂ-]n¨- - D¯-
c-hm-Zn-¯-§Ä- \n-d-th-äp-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv-
\½Ä- sN-¿p-¶- \-µn- .-
X-s³-d- bp-h-Xz-hpw- B-t-cm-Ky-hpw- G-
Xp- amÀ-K¯ - nÂ- sN-eh- g- n¨- p- F-¶-v tNmZyw-
sN-¿-s¸-Sm-sX- H-cmÄ-¡pw ]-c-tem-I-¯v-
X-s³-d- ]m-Z§- Ä- ap-t¶m-«p- sh-¡m³ Ign-
bnÃ- - F-¶- {]h- m-NI- - h-N\- w- \-s½- Nn´n-
¸n-t¡-­-Xp-­v.- -
B-tcm-Ky-¯n-s³-d- [À-aw,- A-Xv- \Â-
2007 G-{]n-Â-
Inb- - {kj- Sv- m-hns- ³-d- \nÀt- Z-im-\p-kc- W- w-
A-Xv- hn-\n-tbm-Kn-¡p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv.- ssZ-
h-amÀ-K¯ - nÂ- X-s³-d- B-tcm-Kyw- sN-eh-
gn-¡Â- {]-[m-\-am-Wv.- \-½p-sS- Imbn-I-am-
b- k-lm-bw- th-­-hÀ-¡v- A-Xp- sN-bv-Xp-
sIm-Sp-¡-Ww.- \-Ã- G-Xp- Im-cy-¯n-epw-
\-½-fmÂ- I-g-nbp-¶- k-l-m-bw- a-\p-jyÀ-
¡v- sN-bXv- p-sIm-Sp-¡W- w.- \-·- IÂ-]n¡- p-
¶-Xn-epw- Xn-·-sb- X-S-bp-¶-Xn-ep-sa-Ãmw-
\-½p-tS-Xm-b- ]-¦v- \-½Ä- h-ln-¡-Ww.-
C-Xn-s\m-¶p-w- k-¶-²-X-bn-Ãm-¯-hÀ-
Xn-cn-¨-dn-bp-I-; B-tcm-Ky-h-pw- bu-Æ-\-hp-
sam-¶p-w- \nX- y-aÃ- .- tcm-Kh- pw- hmÀ-[I- yhp-
saÃmw- Nn-eÀ-¡p- am-{Xw- h-cp-¶-X-Ã.- Zpcn-
X-]qÀW- a- m-b- tcm-Kh- m-kY-v - X-\n¡- p- h¶m-
ep-Å- A-h-kv-Y-sb-¡p-dn-t¨mÀ-¡p-I.-
]-ec- pw- {i²- n¡- m-sX,- ]-cnK- W- n¡- m-sX-
t]m-Ip-¶- a-säm-cp- A-\p-{Kl- a- m-Wv- H-gnhp-
k-a-bw.- \-_n-(e)- ]-d-ªp-:- " c-­v- A-\p-
{Kl- §-fp-sS- Im-cy-¯nÂ- a-\p-jy-cnÂ- A-
[n-I-t]-cpw- h-©n-X-cm-Wv.- B-tcm-Ky-hpw-
H-gn-hp-k-a-b-hp-a-s{X- A-h' - (_p-Jm-cn).-
A-h-[n-¡-m-e- Zn-h-k-§Ä- F-§-s\-
hn\n-tbm-Kn-¨p- F-¶v- hn-e-bn-cp-¯p-I.- A-
X-Ãm-¯- Im-e§- f- nÂ- H-gnh- p-ka- b- w- In«p-
t¼mÄ- Xm³- B- k-a-bw- F-§-s\- sN-e-
h-gn¨- p- F-¶-v Nn´- n¡- p-I.- ]-db- ¯ - ¡- X- mb-
\-Ã- Im-cy-§-sfm-¶pw- sN-¿m-sX- k-a-bw-
50
Xp-e-¨p-I-f-ªp- F-¶m-bn-cn-¡pw- ]-eÀ-
¡pw- I-s­-¯m³- I-gn-bp-I.- k-a-b-am-Wv-
Po-hn-X-w.- A-Xn-\mÂ- A-aq-ey-am-b- k-a-b-
s¯- ^-e{- ]Z- a- m-bn- D-]t- b-mK- s- ¸-Sp-¯p-I.-
hn{- ia- ¯
- n\- nS- b- nÃ- m-¯- tPm-en¯- nc- ¡- pI-
fp-­m-Ip-t¼m-gm-Wv- H-gnh- p-ka- b- ¯ - ns- ³-d-
hn-e-b-dn-bp-I.
\-_n-(e)- ]-d-ªp-:- A-©p-Im-cy-§Ä-
¡v- ap-¼m-bn- A-©p- Im-cy-§Ä- \-·-bnÂ-
D-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-; a-c-W-¯n-\p- ap-¼v-
Po-hn-X-s¯,- tcm-K-¯n-\p-ap-¼v- B-tcm-Ky-
s¯,- Xn-c-¡n-\p-ap-¼v- H-gn-hp-k-a-b-s¯,-
hmÀ-[-Iy-¯n-\p- ap-¼v- bp-h-Xz-s¯,- Zm-c-n
{Zy-¯n-\p- ap-¼- v k-¼-¶-X-sb-' - (A-lv-a-Zv,-
lm-Inw).-
" ]n-¶o-Sv- B- Zn-h-k-¯nÂ- kp-Jm-\p-
`-h-§-sf-¸-än- XoÀ-¨-bm-bpw- \n-§Ä- tNm-
Zyw- sN-¿-s¸-Sp-I- X-s¶- sN-¿pw''- F-¶-
Jp-À-B³- kq-àw- hn-izm-kn-I-sf- Nn-´n-
¸nt- ¡-­X- m-Wv.- A-Ãm-lp-hns- ³-d- A-fh- ä-
A-\p-{Kl- §- Ä- B-kzZ- n¨- p-sI-­m-Wv- Hm-
tcm- \n-an-j-hpw- \mw- Po-hn-¨p-sIm-­n-cn-
¡p-¶-Xv.- Cu- A-\p-{K-l-§-tfm-Sv- \mw-
F§-s\- {]X- nI- c- n¨- p-sh-¶Xns- \-¸ä- n- A-
Ãm-lp- \m-sf- \-s½- tNm-Zyw- sN-¿pw.- AXn
Â- \n¶- v- H-gnª
- p-am-dp-hm³- BÀ-¡pw- Ign
-bn-Ã.-