SECTION 5.

5 THE SUBSTITUTION RULE ❙❙❙❙ 1

|||| 5.5 The Substitution Rule

A Click here for answers. S Click here for solutions.

1– 6 Evaluate the integral by making the given substitution.
|||| 21. y sin x cos x dx 3
22. y tan  sec  d
2 2

1. y xx 2
 1  99 dx, u  x2  1
(1  sx ) 9
23. y t sint 2
 dt 24. y dx
x2 sx
2. y dx, u  2  x 3
s2  x 3
25. y sec x tan x s1  sec x dx 26. yt 2
cos1  t 3  dt
3. y sin 4x dx, u  4x
sine x  dx
4
27. ye x
28. y cos x sin x dx
dx
4. y 2x  1 2 , u  2x  1 x1 ex
29. yx dx 30. ye dx
2
 2x 2x
1
x3
5. y x dx, u  x 2  6x
2
 6x 2 cos sx
31. y x 1  x 3

2 32
dx 32. y sx
dx
6. y sec a tan a d, u  a
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
33. y sin2x  3 dx 34. y cos7  3x dx
7–35 |||| Evaluate the indefinite integral. 35. y sin 3  sin 3x dx
y 2x  1x  x  1 3 dx y x 1  x 
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
2 3 4 5
7. 8. dx
36– 43 |||| Evaluate the definite integral, if it exists.
9. y sx  1 dx 10. y s3 1  x dx 36.
1
cos  t dt 37.
4
y0
y 0
sin 4t dt

11. y x s2  x
3

2
4 dx 12. y xx 2

1
 132 dx
38. y1
4 1
x2  1
1
x
dx 39. y
3

0
dx
2x  3
13. y t  1 dt 14. y 1  3t dt 1 4
2x  1100 dx s1  2x dx
6 4
40. y 41. y
0 0

15. y 1  2y 1.3

dy 16. y s3  5y dy
5

42.
1
x 4  x54x 3  1 dx 43.
3 3x 2  1
y0
y 2 x 3  x 2
dx

17. y cos 2 d 18. y sec 2

3 d ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

44. Show that the area under the graph of y  sin sx from 0 to 4
3x  1 x is the same as the area under the graph of y  2x sin x from 0
19. y dx 20. y dx
3x 2  2x  14 sx 2  1 to 2.
2
SECTION 5.5 THE SUBSTITUTION RULE

Answers

E Click here for exercises. S Click here for sol utions.

1
 100 √
1. 200 x2 − 1 +C 2. 3
2
2 + x3 + C
1
3. − 14 cos 4x + C 4. − +C
2 (2x + 1)
1 sec aθ
5. − +C 6. +C
2 (x2 + 6x) a
 2 4  6
7. 14 x +x+1 +C 1
8. − 24 1 − x4 + C

9. 23 (x − 1)3/2 + C 10. − 34 (1 − x)4/3 + C

 3/2  2 5/2
11. 16 2 + x4 +C 12. 15 x +1 +C
2 1
13. − +C 14. +C
5 (t + 1)5 9 (1 − 3t)3
(1 − 2y)2.3
15. − +C 16. − 16 (3 − 5y)6/5 + C
4.6
17. 12 sin 2θ + C 18. 13 tan 3θ + C
1 √
19. − +C 20. x2 + 1 + C
6 (3x2 − 2x + 1)3
1
21. 4 sin4 x + C 22. 3
1
tan3 θ + C
√
  (1 + x)10
23. − 12 cos t2 + C 24. +C
5
 
25. 3
2
(1 + sec x)3/2 + C 1 3
26. − 3 sin 1 − t + C

27. − cos (ex ) + C

28. − 15 cos5 x + C

2

29. 2 ln
x + 2x
+ C
1

30. tan−1 (e x) + C
 
2 7/2
 5/2
31. 17 1 − x − 1
5
1 − x2 +C
√
32. 2 sin x + C

33. − 12 cos (2x + 3) + C

34. − 13 sin (7 − 3x) + C
1
35. (sin 3α) x + 3 cos 3x + C
36. 0
1
37. 2
√ √
4 2 5 5
38. 3 − 12
1
39. 2 ln 3
1
40. 101

41. − 26
3

42. 32
3

43. 18
 SECTION 5.5 THE SUBSTITUTION RULE
3

Solutions

E Click here for exercises. A Click here for answers.

9. Let u = x − 1. Then du = dx, so

1.Let u = x2 − 1. Then du = 2x dx, so √ 


  x − 1 dx = u1/2 du = 23 u3/2 + C
 99 1 1 u100
x x2 − 1 dx = u99 du = +C
2 2 100 = 2
(x − 1)3/2 + C
3
1
 2 100
= 200 x −1 +C 10. Let u = 1 − x. Then du = −dx, so
 √ 
2.
3 2
u = 2 + x . Then du = 3x dx, so
3
x − 1 dx = − u1/3 du = − 34 u4/3 + C


1

x2 dx 3 du 1 = − 34 (1 − x)4/3 + C
√ = √ = u−1/2 du
2 + x3 u 3
11. Let u = 2 + x4 . Then du = 4x3 dx, so
1u1/2   3√   
2
= +C = 3
2 + x3 + C x 2 + x4 dx = u1/2 14 du
3 1/2
3. Let u = 4x. Then du = 4 dx, so 1 u3/2
= +C


  4 3/2
1
sin 4x dx = sin u du  3/2
4 = 16 2 + x4 +C
1 Let u = x2 + 1. Then du = 2x dx, so
= (− cos u) + C = − 14 cos 4x + C 12.
4   2 3/2   
4. Let u = 2x + 1. Then du = 2 dx, so x x +1 dx = u3/2 12 du




dx (1/2) du 1 1 u5/2
= = u−2 du = + C = 15 u5/2 + C
(2x + 1)2 u2 2 2 5/2
1 1  5/2
= − u−1 + C = − +C = 15 x2 + 1 +C
2 2 (2x + 1)
13. Let u = t + 1. Then du = dt, so
5. Let u = x2 + 6x. Then du = 2 (x + 3) dx, so




2
x+3 1 dt = 2 u−6 du = − 25 u−5 + C
dx =
du (t + 1)6
2
(x2 + 6x) 2 u2
2

= − +C
1 1 5 (t + 1)5
= u−2 du = − u−1 + C
2 2
14. Let u = 1 − 3t. Then du = −3 dt, so
1


= − +C 1  
2 (x2 + 6x) 4 dt = u−4 − 13 du
(1 − 3t)
6. Let u = aθ. Then du = a dθ, so  


  1 u−3 1
1 = − +C = 3 +C
sec aθ tan aθ dθ = sec u tan u du 3 −3 9u
a
1
1 sec aθ = +C
= sec u + C = +C 9 (1 − 3t)3
a a
15. Let u = 1 − 2y. Then du = −2 dy, so
7. Let u = x2 + x + 1. Then du = (2x + 1) dx, so    
  3  (1 − 2y)1.3 dy = u1.3 − 12 du
(2x + 1) x2 + x + 1 dx = u3 du  
1 u2.3
= 1 4
+C = − +C
4u 2 2.3
 4
= 1
4
x2 + x + 1 + C (1 − 2y)2.3
= − +C
8. Let u = 1 − x4 . Then du = −4x3 dx, so 4.6
 3 5   
x 1 − x4 dx = u5 − 14 du
 
= − 14 16 u6 + C
 6
= − 241
1 − x4 + C
4
SECTION 5.5 THE SUBSTITUTION RULE

16. Let u = 3 − 5y. Then du = −5 dy, so 26. Let u = 1 − t3 . Then du = −3t2 dt, so
 √     2     
5
3 − 5y dy = u1/5 − 15 du t cos 1 − t3 dt = cos u − 13 du

= − 15 · 56 u6/5 + C = − 13 sin u + C
 
= − 16 (3 − 5y)6/5 + C = − 13 sin 1 − t3 + C

17. Let u = 2θ. Then du = 2 dθ, so 27. Let u = ex . Then du = ex dx, so

     x 
cos 2θ dθ = cos u 12 du = 12 sin u+C = 12 sin 2θ+C. e sin (ex ) dx = sin u du
 2
18. Let u = 3θ. Then du = 3 dθ, so sec 3θ dθ = = − cos u + C = − cos (ex ) + C
  
sec2 u 13 du = 13 tan u + C = 13 tan 3θ + C.
28. Let u = cos x. Then du = − sin x dx, so
19. Let u = 3x2 − 2x + 1. Then du = 2 (3x − 1) dx, so  


cos4 x sin x dx = u4 (−du)
3x − 1  
4 dx = u−4 12 du = − 15 u5 + C = − 15 cos5 x + C
(3x − 2x + 1)
2

1 u−3 29.Let u = x2 + 2x. Then du = 2 (x + 1) dx, so

= +C

1
2 −3 x+1 2 du
dx =
1 x2 + 2x u
= − +C

6 (3x2 − 2x + 1)3 = 2 ln |u| + C = 12 ln

x2 + 2x
+ C
1

20. Let u = x2 + 1. Then du = 2x dx, so 30. Let u = ex . Then du = ex dx, so

1


√
x dx
= 2
√
du ex du
dx =
x +1
2 u e2x + 1 u2 + 1


= 12 u−1/2 du = 12 2u1/2 + C = tan−1 u + C = tan−1 (ex ) + C

√  31. Let u = 1 − x2 . Then x2 = 1 − u and 2x dx = −du, so

= u + C = x2 + 1 + C
Let u = sin x. Then du = cos x dx, so


21.  3/2  3/2
  x3 1 − x2 dx = 1 − x2 x2 · x dx
sin3 x cos x dx = u3 du = 14 u4 + C = 1
4
4
sin x + C



22. Let u = tan θ. Then du = sec2 θ dθ, so 3/2 1
  = u (1 − u) − du
tan2 θ sec2 θ dθ = u2 du = 13 u3 + C = 1
tan3 θ + C 2
3
  5/2
23. Let u = t2 . Then du = 2t dt, so = 1
2 u − u3/2 du
       
t sin t2 dt = sin u 12 du 1 2 7/2 2 5/2
  = 2 7
u − 5
u +C
= − 12 cos u + C = − 12 cos t2 + C  7/2  5/2
√ dx = 1
7 1 − x2 − 1
5 1 − x2 +C
24. Let u = 1 + x. Then du = √ , so
2 x √ dx
32. Let u = x. Then du = √ , so

√
2 x
(1 + x)9
√ dx = u9 · 2 du
√

x cos x
√ dx = cos u · 2 du
x
u10
+C= 2 √
10 = 2 sin u + C = 2 sin x + C
√ 10
(1 + x) 33. Let u = 2x + 3. Then du = 2 dx, so
= +C    
5
sin (2x + 3) dx = sin u 12 du
25. Let u = 1 + sec x. Then du = sec x tan x dx, so
 √  = − 12 cos u + C
sec x tan x 1 + sec x dx = u1/2 du
2 3/2
= − 12 cos (2x + 3) + C
= 3u +C
34. Let u = 7 − 3x. Then du = −3 dx, so
= 2
(1 + sec x)3/2 + C    
3 cos (7 − 3x) dx = cos u − 13 du
= − 13 sin u + C
= − 13 sin (7 − 3x) + C
 SECTION 5.5 THE SUBSTITUTION RULE
5

 
35. Let u = 3x. Then du = 3 dx, so 42. Let u = x4 + x. Then du = 4x3 + 1 dx, so
  1 1 4 5  3  2
(sin 3α − sin 3x) dx = (sin 3α − sin u) 3
du x +x 4x + 1 dx = 0 u5 du
0
= 1
[(sin 3α) u + cos u] + C  6 2
3 u 26 32
= = =
= (sin 3α) x + 1
3
cos 3x + C 6 0 6 3
3
 2 
36. Let u = πt, so du = π dt. When t = 0, u = 0; when t = 1, 43. Let u = x − x. Then du = 3x − 1 dx, so
u = π. Therefore,
3
24
1 π   3x2 − 1 du
dx =
0
cos πt dt = 0 cos u π1 du 2 (x − x)
3 2
6 u2
 24
= 1
π [sin u]π0 = 1
π (0 − 0) = 0 1 1 1 1
= − =− + =
37. Let u = 4t, so du = 4 dt. When t = 0, u = 0; when t = π u 6 24 6 8
4,
√
u = π. Therefore, 44. The area under the graph of y = sin x from 0 to 4 is
 π/4 π   4 √
sin 4t dt = 0 sin u 14 du A1 = 0 sin x dx. The area under the graph of
0
y = 2x sin x from 0 to 2 is
= − 14 [cos u]π0 = − 14 (−1 − 1) = 1
 
2
2
u = x2 , du = 2x dx,
1 dx A2 = 2x sin x dx √
38. Let u = 1 + , so du = − 2 . When x = 1, u = 2; when 0 u = x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2
x x
x = 4, u = 54 . Therefore,
4
√

4 = sin u du
1 1  0
2
1 + dx = 25/4 u1/2 (−du)
1 x x Since the integration variable is immaterial, A1 = A2 .
2  2
= 5/4 u1/2 du = 23 u3/2
5/4
 √ √
2 5 5
= 3
2 2− 8
√ √
4 2 5 5
= 3
− 12

39. Let u = 2x + 3, so du = 2 dx. When x = 0, u = 3; when

x = 3, u = 9. Therefore,

3
9 1
dx 2 du
=
0 2x + 3 3 u
1 9
= 2 ln u 3 = 12 (ln 9 − ln 3)
√
= 12 ln 93 = 12 ln 3 (or ln 3)

40. Let u = 2x − 1. Then du = 2 dx, so

1
1  
1
(2x − 1)100 dx = u100 du
0 −1 2

1  
100
since the integrand
= u du
0 is an even function
 1
1 101 1
= u =
101 0 101
41. Let u = 1 − 2x. Then du = −2 dx, so
 −4 √ 9  
0
1 − 2x dx = 1 u1/2 − 12 du

9

= − 12 · 23 u3/2

= − 13 (27 − 1) = − 26
3