Xkz-Æp-^pw hnIe hm-Z§-fpw

kn\m³ sI.

Ckvem-ansâ kðk-c-Wn¡v kam-´-c-amb B[ym-ßn-IX At\z-jn-¡-emWv Xkz-Æp-^nsâ

BsI-¯pI. ioC-k-¯nsâ Dð]ó-amb Xkz-Æp-^nð AXnsâ amXr-B-i-b-§-fpsS Xnò-
I-f-{Xbpw ]Xn-bn-cn-¡póp. Añm-lp-hn-epÅ hnizm-ks¯ sXäp-[-cn-¸n-¡pI, {]hm-NI
ZuXys¯ hne-Ip-d¨p ImWpI, hnip² IzpÀ-B-\nð Bßo-bX Isï-¯m-Xn-cn-¡pI,
kzlm-_-¯n-s\bpw ke-^n-s\bpw No¯-]-d-bp-Itbm \nµn-¡p-Itbm sN¿pI, Ckvem-
an\v ]cn-N-b-an-ñm¯ Bßo-b-hm-Z-§Ä Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡pI Fón-h-sbms¡ Xkz-Æp-^nepw
ImWpóXv AXp-sImïmWv. Ckvem-am-Ipó ssZhnI Xzco-Iz-¯n\v ]Icw, ss]im-NnI
kz`m-h-§-fpÅ At\Iw am\p-jnI Xzco-Iz-¯p-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv Xkz-Æp^v P\-a-\-Êp-I-fn-
te-¡n-d-§p-hm³ {ian-¨Xv. Xzco-Iz¯v Cñm-¯-hsâ ico-A¯v Im¼nñm¯ ]g-¯nsâ
sXmen-t]m-se-bmWv Fóp hnti-jn-¸n-¨p-sImïv kzq^o Nn´-IÀ apkvenw kaq-ls¯
hgn-sX-än-¨p-sImïn-cpóp. XuloZo t_m[hpw hnizmk ZmÀVy-hp-apÅ ]qÀh-Ime
apkvenw ]WvUnX {]Xn-`-IÄ Xkz-Æp-^nsâ Xnò-IÄs¡-Xn-cnð ià-amb {]Xn-tcm-[-§Ä
krjvSn-¨p-sImïv hgn-tI-Sn-te¡v t]mIpó-Xnð \nóv apkvenw kaq-ls¯ XS-ªn-«nñm-
bn-cp-só-¦nð Ckvem-an\p ]Icw kzq^nkw hnizm-kn-Isf hgn-\-S-¯póXv ImtWïn-h-cp-
am-bn-cpóp.
Ckvem-an-t\m-SpÅ i{Xp-X-bmWv Xkz-Æp-^nsâ B´-c-a-WvUew. IzpÀ-B\pw {]hm-N-I-N-
cybpw F´v AÀY-am-¡pópthm AXnsâ t\Àhn-]-coXw Isï-¯p-Ibpw Øm]n-¡p-
Ibpw sN¿p-I-bmWv AXnsâ ssien. Añm-lp-hns\ am{Xw Bcm-[n-¡pI Fóv IzpÀ-
B³ ]Tn-¸n-¨-t¸mÄ, aim-bn-J³am-sc-¡qSn Bcm-[nt¨ ]äq Fóv Xkz-Æp^v iTn¨p. Añm-
lp-hn\v am{X-amWv {]]ô-¯nsâ \nb-{´-W-saóv IzpÀ-B³ ]Tn-¸n-¨-t¸mÄ, Imän-s\bpw
ag-sbbpw, P\-s¯bpw ac-W-s¯bpw, `mKy-s¯bpw, ZuÀ`m-Ky-s¯bpw \nb-{´n-¡p-hm³
aim-bn-J³amÀ¡pw IzpXp-_p-IÄ¡pw A[n-Im-chpw Ign-hp-apïv Fóv Xkz-Æp^v iTn¨p.
Hcp a\p-jy\v a\p-jy³ Fó ]cn-[n-¡-¸pdw IS-¡p-hm³ Ign-bnñ Fó IzpÀ-B³ ]Tn-¸n-
¨-t¸mÄ Xzco-Iz-¯p-I-fn-eqsS a\p-jy\v ssZh-t¯m-f-sa-¯pó hnem-b¯v {]m]n-¡m-sa-
ómWv AXv tLmjn-¨Xv.
IzpÀ-B\v hncp-²-amb tað]-d-ª-Xcw Bi-b-§Ä¡v km[q-I-cWw Isï-¯p-hm-\mbn
IzpÀ-B³ lZoYv ]cm-aÀi-§sf Xkz-Æp-^nsâ hàm-¡Ä hf-s¨m-Sn¨v ZpÀhym-Jym\w
sNbvXp. a\p-jy³ am\p-jy-X-bnð Duón \nóp-sImïv, ssZh-¯nsâ krjvSn-IÄ Fó
bmYmÀYy-¯nð hÀ¯n-¨p-sImïv, Pohn-¨p-a-cn-¨p-t]m-Ibpw ]c-tem-I¯v kpc-£n-X-amb
imiz-X-Po-hnXw {]m]n-¡bpw sN¿pI Fó-XmWv Ckvem-an-I-amb hnizmk Pohn-X-¯nsâ
e£yw. Fómð Cl-tem-I¯p Xsó Znhy-Xzhpw AÛp-X-kn-²n-Ifpw Ic-Ø-am¡n
BÄssZ-h-§-fmbn hnImkw {]m]n-¡-emWv a\p-jysâ e£y-am-bn-cn-t¡ï-sX-ómWv
Xkz-Æp^v kn²m-´n-¨Xv. Xzco-J-¯p-I-fn-eqsS a\p-jyÀ¡v ssZh-t¯mfw hf-cp-hm³ Ign-
bp-saóv hmZn-¡pó kzq^n-km-ln-Xy-§Ä Ckvem-anI kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ A´yw sImXn-
¡pó ss]im-NnI ZpÀ_p-²n-I-fnð \nóp-Å-h-bmWv. a\p-jys\ ssZh-t¯mfw
hfÀ¯pI Fó-XmWv Xkz-Æp-^nsâ `mj-bnse Ckvem-ansâ e£y-saóp hni-Zo-I-cn-¨p-
sImïv Hcp ioCu `à³ Fgp-Xpóp.
a\p-jy³ C{Xtb hfÀóp-IqSq Fó hmin-bnñ-Xn\v. ssZh-¯n\p Xmsg FhnSw hscbpw
(?) Ah\p hfcmw. AXn-\pÅ km[y-X-Ifpw {]m]vXn-Ifpw Ah-\nð A´Àeo-\-amWv.
""\mw an{in-X-amb tcX-kvI-W-¯nð \nóv a\p-jys\ ]S¨v Ahs\ ]co-£n-¡p-I-bm-
Ipóp'' Fóv hnip² IzpÀ-B-\nð Añmlp {]kvXm-hn-¨n-cn-¡póp. a\p-jy-\nð hfÀ¨-bp-
sSbpw DZvK-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw hnhn[ km[y-X-IÄ \nd-¨n«v Ah³ F§-s\-sbñmw F{X-t¯m-
f-sañmw B km[y-X-Isf hfÀ¯p-Ibpw DZvK-an-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿póp-sh-ó-XmWo ]co-
£Ww. Ahsâ hfÀ¨ Añmlp ImWm-\m-{K-ln-¡póp. tað¸-dª hfÀ¨¡pw DZvK-

1
Xn¡pw Ahs\ klm-bn-¡pó cïp ssZhnI KpW-§ÄIqSn Ah\v \ðI-s¸-Spóp-
sïóv {]kvXpX kqà-¯nsâ A´y-¯nð kqNn-¸n-¨n-«pïv. tIÄhnbpw ImgvN-bp-amWv
KpW-§Ä. Iïpw tI«pw sImïm-Wtñm a\p-jy³ hf-cpóXv. kao-Av, _kzoÀ Fóo
]Z-§-fn-eq-sS-bmWv Cu Bibw IzpÀ-B³ shfn-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡póXv.
""Añm-lp-hnsâ AXn-a-t\m-lc \ma-§-fmbn (Að Akvam-Dð lpkv\m) hnip² IzpÀ-
B³ F®n-b-Iq-«-¯nð Cu cïp \ma-§fpw a\p-jy-\nð hfÀ¨-¡pÅ Ako-anX km[y-
X-IÄ A´Àeo-\-am¡n, ImWpI tIÄ¡pI Fóo ssZhnI `mh-§Ä sImÅm-hpó Af-
hnð Ah\p \nd-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p-I-IqSn sNbvXn-«mWv Ahs\ ]co-£W hnt[-b-\m-¡pó-
sXó Bi-b-am-WnXv [z\n-¸n-¡p-óXv. a\p-jyÀ¡v hfÀóv Znhy-]p-cp-j³am-cm-Im-\pÅ
{]m]vXn-IÄ kn²-amWv FómWv C{Xbpw ]d-ª-Xnsâ kmcw'' (cnkme hmcnI, 2004
sabv 28, t]Pv 8þ 9)
a\p-jy\v Xm³ CÑn-¡pó hn[-¯nð ssZhn-I-amb kn²n-IÄ F¯n-¸n-Sn-¡m-\pÅ Hcp
\nKq-V-imkv{Xw am{X-amWv Ckvemw Fó ho£Ww kq^n-k-¯n-tâXp am{X-amWv.
Ckvem-anI {]am-W-§Ä AXw-Ko-I-cn-¡p-ónñ. hfÀ¨bpw DZvK-Xnbpw A\-´-amb km[y-X-
I-fmbn a\p-jy\p apónð \ne-\nð¡póp Fó \nKq-V-hm-Z-¯n\v Ckvem-ansâ hyà-
amb hnizmk taJ-e-bpsS ]n³_-e-anñ. a\p-jysâ km[y-X-IÄ \nÀW-bn-¨p-sImïpw
F{X-t¯m-fta a\p-jy\p aptóm-«p-t]m-Im³ Ignbq Fóp hyà-am-¡n-s¡mïpw IzpÀ-
B³þ{]hm-NI A[ym-]-\-§Ä e`y-amWv. A\-´-amb km[y-X-I-fn-eqsS A\n-b-{´n-X-amb
Hcp-ZvK-a\w a\p-jy\v km[y-saó kn²m-´s¯ IzpÀ-B³ ]n´p-W-¡pónñ.
ssZh-¯n\p Xmsg FhnSw hscbpw a\p-jy\v F¯m-saóv ]d-bp-t¼mÄ Xkz-Æp-^nsâ
hàm-¡Ä AÀY-am-¡póXv ssZh-t¯mfw F¯m-saómWv. ssZh-¯nsâ Ign-hp-I-fnð
NneXv a\p-jy\v {]m]n-¡m-saópw B Ign-hp-IÄ {]I-Sn-¸n-¡pó a\p-jysc ssZh-§Ä
Xsó-bmbn ImW-W-saópw ]d-bpón-S¯v Xkz-Æp^v BÄssZh kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS A[-a-
XXz imkv{X-am-bn-¯o-cpóXp ImWmw. a\p-jy-\nð \nóv Añmlp ImWm-\m-{K-ln-¡pó
hfÀ¨ ssZh-t¯m-f-apÅ hnIm-k-amWv Fó XXz-im-kv{X-¯nð a\p-jy-ssZ-h-§sf
Bcm-[n-¡p-Ibpw ssZhs¯ a\p-jy-cq-]-¯n-em-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pó {]mNo\ t]Àjy³
kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ kzm[o\w hyà-amWv. {kjvSm-hnsâ \ma-§Ä, KpW-§Ä, {]hr-¯n-
IÄ (Akvam-Dvþkzn^m¯vþA^v-Bð) Fón-h-bnð Hónðt]mepw a\p-jy\v ]¦m-fn-
¯tam ssZh-Xp-ey-amb KpW-K-W-§tfm km[y-a-sñó Ckvem-anI Bi-bs¯ \ncm-I-cn-
¨p-sImïmWv Xkz-Æp^v ]e ssZhnI KpW-§fpw a\p-jy\v {]m]n-¡m³ Ign-bp-saóv
kn²m-´n-¨Xv.
apI-fnð D²-cn¨ kzq^n teJ-\-¯nð ]cm-aÀin¨ kqd: Að-C³km-\nse cïmw-hm-Iy-
¯nð D]-tbm-Kn¨ kao-Avþ_kzoÀ (tIÄhn-bp-Å-h³, ImgvN-bp-Å-h³) Fóo hnti-j-
W-§Ä Añm-lp-hnsâ KpW-§-fm-sW-ómWv kzq^n-IÄ ]d-bpóXv. Añm-lp-hnsâ KpW-
§-fnð a\p-jys\ ]¦m-fn-bm-¡m-\pÅ hy{K-X-bnð {]kvXpX hmIy-¯nð (2/76) D]-tbm-
Kn¨ hnti-j-W-§Ä kmam\y AÀY-¯n-ep-Å-Xm-sWópw, ssZhn-I-amb AÀY-¯n-ep-Å-
X-sñópw Xkz-Æp-^nsâ hàm-¡Ä hnkva-cn¨p. a\p-jyÀ¡v ssZh-¯nsâ KpW-§-fnð
NneXv {]m]n-¡m-saópw A§s\ Znhy-]p-cp-j³am-cm-bn-¯o-cm-saópw ]d-bpó XXz-im-
kv{X-¯nsâ Ckvem-an-IX anYy-am-{X-amWv. ssZhn-IX {]m]n-¡pI Fó-XmWv a\p-jysâ
hfÀ¨-bp-sSbpw DZvK-Xn-bp-sSbpw e£-W-saóp ]d-bpón-S¯v Ckvemw ]peÀ¯pó A\-
\y-§-fmb ]e-aq-ey-§fpw Xnc-kvI-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bmWv sN¿póXv. CXc aX-hn-izm-k-§-fnð
\nóv Ckvemw thdn-«p-\nð¡p-Ibpw a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS A\-\y-amb amÀK-ZÀi-\-ambn
Ckvemw {]XnjvT t\Sp-Ibpw sN¿pó-Xnsâ ASn-Øm\ Imc-W-§-fnð apJy-amb Hóv
a\p-jy\v a\p-jy³ Fó ]cn-[n-¡-¸pdw ISóv ssZhn-I-X-tbmfw F¯m³ km[n-¡nñ
Fó Ahy-à-X-bnñm¯ \ne-]m-SmWv. Cu XmXznI \ne-]m-Sns\ \ncm-I-cn-¨p- sImïmWv
Xkz-Æp^v a\p-jy-_p-²n-I-sfbpw Nn´-I-sfbpw ssZhn-I-X-bpsS amb ImWn¨v hymtam-ln-
¸n-¡m³ {ian-¡póXv.
\nc-h[n IzpÀ-B³ hmIy-§sf hnI-e-ambn hymJym-\n¨ kzq^n-IÄ Ckvem-ansâ Ncn-{X-
¯nepw kzlm-_-¯nsâ Pohn-X-Nn-{X-§-fnepw Ir{Xn-aXzw D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-«pïv. X§-fpsS
hnIe Pð]-\-§Ä¡v km[q-I-cWw \ðIm-\mbn kzlm-_-¯nsâ Pohn-Xs¯ hnI-e-
ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡pó Xkz-Æp-^nsâ hàm-¡Ä {]apJ kzlm-_n-amsc \nµn-¡p-Ibpw,

2
Aen (d)sbt¸m-se-bpÅ Nne kzlm-_n-Isf Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-¯nsâ bYmÀY Nn{X-
§Ä¡v hncp-²-ambn AXn-`m-hp-I-Xz-t¯msS Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-«pïv. {]hm-N-I-
\m-tIïn-bn-cpóXv Aen (d)bmWv. A_q-_-¡À (d)hnóv ]Icw Hómw Jeo-^-bm-tIïn-
bn-cpóXv Aen (d)bmWv Fóv XpS-§nb ioCu hmZ-K-Xn-I-f-{Xbpw Xkz-Æp-^nsâ DÅ-S-
¡-am-bn-¯oÀón-«p-ÅXv {it²-b-amWv. kzq^n-IÄ Ah-cpsS B[ym-ßnI ]qÀhn-I-cpsS ]c-
¼c tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-t¼mÄ Hóm-as¯ I®n-bmbn F®p-óXv Aen (d)hns\-bmWv, {]hm-N-
I-s\-bñ. B[ym-ßnI t\Xr-\n-c-bnð {]hm-N-Isâ Øm\w ]c-¼-c¡pw ]pd-¯m-sWóv
hniz-kn-¡pó Xkz-Æp-^n-s\bpw kzq^n-I-sfbpw "Ckvem-anIw' Fóp hnti-jn-¸n-¡pó-
Xnse AÀY-cm-lnXyw a\-Ên-em-¡p-hm³ {]bm-k-anñ. Fómð {]hm-N-Is\ (kz) _ln-
jvI-cn-¡pó GsX-¦nepw XXz-im-kv{Xs¯ ]n´p-W-¡pó hyàn-Xz-añ Aen (d)hntâXv
Fó kXy-k-Ô-amb Ncn{Xw \ap¡p e`y-am-b-Xn-\mð ioCuþkzq^o hnIð]-§sf Ah-
bÀln-¡pó Ah-K-W-\-tbmsS XÅn-¡-f-bp-hm³ km[n-¡póp.
Hmtcm kzlm-_n-sbbpw At±-l-¯nsâ khn-tij hyàn-Xz-Kp-W-§Ä ASn-Øm-\-am¡n
{]iw-kn-¡pó kz`mhw {]hm-N-I\v (kz) Dïm-bn-cpóp. A_q-_-¡À (d)hns\ hnizm-k-
¯nsâ t]cnepw, DaÀ (d)hns\ [oc-X-bpsS t]cnepw, Dkvam³ (d)hns\ Zm\-¯nsâ
t]cnepw, Aen(d)hns\ Úm\-¯nsâ t]cnepw {]hm-N-I³ {]iw-kn-¨n-«pïv. Fómð
Aen (d)hns\-¡p-dn-¨pÅ {]iw-k-IÄ am{Xw DbÀ¯n-¡m-Wn¨v inbm-¡Ä At±-ls¯
{]hm-N-I-Xz-¯n\p apI-fnð {]Xn-jvTn-¡m³ {ian¨p. Cu {ia-§Ä AtX-]Sn kzq^n-IÄ
]n´p-SÀóp. A_q-_-¡À (d), DaÀ (d), Dkvam³ (d) Fón-hÀ DÄs¸-sS-bpÅ aäp Nne
kzlm-_n-Isf B[ym-ßn-I-X-bpsS ]c-¼-c-bnð DÄs¸-Sp-¯m-sX-bpÅ Xkz-Æp-^nsâ ]pcm-
hr-¯-L-S\ \qdp-i-X-am\w ioC-k-amWv. kzlm-_-¯nsâ hnip² Pohn-Xs¯ kz´w
hnI-ev]-§Ä¡-\p-kr-X-ambn Xkz-Æp-^nsâ hàm-¡Ä hnI-e-am-¡n-bn-«p-Å-Xn\v \nc-h[n
sXfn-hp-I-fpïv.
Akvvlm-_p-kzp^v^ Fó-t]-cnð Adn-b-s¸« kzlm-_n-Isf Npän-¸-ddn Xk-Æp-^nsâ h-
àm-¡Ä sa\-sª-Sp-¯n-«pÅ IY-IÄ A¯-c-¯nð Nne-Xm-Wv. kzq^n-I-fpsS ]qÀhnI
am-Xr-I-I-fmbn Akvlm-_p-Êzp-^v^sb Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡pó kzq-^o kmln-Xy-§-fpïv. cnkm-e-
hm-cn-I-bnð Fgp-Xpóp: ""\_n(-kz)bpsS Ime-L-«-¯nð C¯-cw \ne-]m-sS-Sp¯v (kzq^n-
co-Xn-bnð) Pohn¨ \m\qdv aplm-Pn-dp-I-fpïm-bn-cpóp kzlm-_n-I-fpsS Iq«-¯nð.
AhÀ¡mWv ""kp^v^ ktlm-Z-c³amÀ'' AY-hm ""Akvlm-_p-Êp^v^m'' Fóp ]d-bp-
óXv. aZo-\m-]-Ån-bn-se At´-hm-kn-I-fm-bn-cpó A-hÀ \_n (kz) bpsS kl-hmkw In«n
Ckvem-anð GXm-\pw kabw Pohn-¡m-\-h-k-c-apïmb GsXm-cmfpw kzlm_n Fó ]Z-
hn-t¸-cnð hnfn-¡-s¸-Sm³ tbmKy-X-bp-Å-bm-fmWv. Fómð kp^v^m ktlm-Z-c-kw-L-
¯nðs]-«-hÀ kz´w am\-kn-Ihpw [mÀan-Ihpw B-ßo-b-hp-amb hfÀ¨-bnð khn-ti-j-
amb {i²bpw Pm{K-Xbpw ]peÀ¯n B²ym-ßnI hy-ànXzw sI«n-¸-Sp-¡pó-Xnð ITn-\-
ambn {]hÀ¯n-¡p-Ibpw IqSn sNbvXn-cpó Hcp khn-tij hn`m-K-amWv. Adn-hn\pw Bcm-
[-¡pw-thïn aZo-\m-]-Ån-bpsS sNcn-hnð sI«n-a-d¨ Ccn-¸n-S-§-fnð kZm Ign-bp-I-bm-bn-
cpóp AhÀ. \_n (kz)bpsS Ime-L-«-¯nse kzq^n-I-fm-bn-cpóp Ah-scópw, kzq^o
Fó ]Z-¯nsâ \njv]¯n Xsó Cu kwL-¯nsâ t]cnð \nóm-sWópw ]d-b-s¸-
Spóp.'' (cnkm-e-hm-cnI, 2004þsabvþ 28 t]Pv: 9)
Xkz-Æp-^nsâ BNmcþ hnizmk sshIr-X-§Ä¡v kzlm-_-¯nsâ kwip² Pohn-X-
¯nð \nópw Ncn-{X-¯nð \nópw sXfnhp Isï-¯p-hm-\pÅ \o¡-¯n\v bYmÀY Ncn-
{X-¯nsâ ]n´pW e`y-añ Fó-XmWv hkvXpX. ImcWw, kzq^n-IÄ Fóv hnfn-¡-s¸-Sp-
ó-h-cpsS coXn-I-tfm-sSmópw GsX-¦nepw \ne¡v ka-c-k-s¸-Sm¯ Xc-¯nð kwip-²-amb
XuloZo Pohn-Xm-ZÀi-am-bn-cpóp kzlm-_-¯n-tâXv. GXm\pw kzlm-_n-IÄ¡v Akvlm-
_p-Êp^v^ Fó t]cv e`n-¨Xv AhÀ kzq^n-I-fpsS a{´-P-]mZn coXn-Itfm hnizmk
sshI-ey-§tfm ioen-¨n-cpó-Xp-sImïm-bn-cpónñ. {]hm-N-Im-[ym-]-\-§Ä¡v
ImtXmÀ¯p Pm{K-¯mb a\Êpw Nn´-bp-ambn hnÚm-\mÀP-\-¯n\pw IzpÀ-B³ ]T-\-
¯n-\p-ambn {]hm-NI khn-[-¯nð kZm Npän-¸än \nó-Xp-sImïm-bn-cpóp. Ahsc
kzq^n-I-fmbn Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡póXv B alm-]p-cp-j³am-cpsS kwip² Pohn-Xs¯ A]-l-kn-
¡pó-Xn\p kam-\-amWv.
Fómð kp^v^-¯nsâ Bfp-IÄ Fó-dn-b-s¸« kzlm-_n-IÄ, tIhew A´Àap-Jtcm
Pohn-X-bm-YmÀYy-§-fnð \nóv HmSn-sbm-fn-¨-htcm Bbn-cp-ónñ. AhÀ aäp kzlm-_n-I-sf-
3
t¸mse D]-Po-h-\-¯n-\mb A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amb sXmgn-ep-I-fnepw hym]m-c-§-fnepw GÀs¸-Sp-
Ibpw, XuloZo BZÀi-¯nsâ kwc-£-W-¯n-\m-bpÅ bXv\-§-fnð kÀhm-ß\m kl-
I-cn-¡p-Ibpw kmbp[ ka-c-§-fnð ]s¦-Sp¯p hnP-bw-h-cn-¡pItbm cà-km-£n-I-fm-
hpItbm sNbvXp-sImïn-cn-¡bpw A§s\ IÀa-[o-c-cmb kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fmbn Ncn-{X-
¯nð {]XnjvT t\Sp-Ibpw sNbvX-h-cmWv. {]hm-N-Im-[ym-]-\-§Ä¡v D]-cn-bmbn aX-
¯n-sâbpw hnizm-k-¯n-sâbpw Imcy-¯nð ]pXnb Nn´-I-sfmópw AhÀ¡pïm-bn-cp-
ónñ. Bcm-[-\-I-fnepw PohnX kwkvIm-c-¯nepw {]hm-N-Isâ A[ym-]-\-§Äam{Xw
t]mscóv AhÀ¡v tXmón-bn-cpónñ. Fómð kzq^n-IÄ Ckvem-ansâ Imcy-¯nð {]hm-
N-Im-[ym-]-\-§sf adn-I-Sóv Nn´n-¡pIbpw kz´-ambn Nne IÀa-]-²-Xn-IÄ Bhn-jvI-cn-
¡p-Ibpw Xzco-Iz-¯p-I-fpsS ]nd-sI-t¸m-hpIbpw sNbvX-h-cmWv. Cu hyXymkw Ncn-{X-
¯nð \nóv GhÀ¡pw a\-Ên-em-¡m³ {]bm-k-an-ñm-¯-Xm-bn-cnt¡, kzlm-_n-I-fnð
Nnesc kzq^n-I-fpsS ]qÀh-am-Xr-I-I-fmbn Nn{Xo-I-cn-¨Xv sXämWv. kzq^n-I-fpsS amÀKw
Akvlm-_p-Êp-^v^-bp-tS-Xm-bn-cpóp Fó hmZ-¯n\v H«pw \ne-\nð]nñ.