Está en la página 1de 337

t;-'NNt;-'t;-'t;-'t;-'t;-'t;-'t;-' P:D~:---l9'Y'~~~~

W'WNNNNNNN ...... NOOO-J-JO'>-I'>-NO'D



~~I-")--"'

~0~~

~
s-
a
§
-.
g-
c,
'<
(1) )-
-
0-
-.
(1)
:::::s
(1)
r;n
......
~
>-!
::T
s:::::
a
§
0 9"0\0'\0..0\0\0\0..0\0\ o Vl o n ~
~ 'V\U'tU'tlllV'lUl.V'lUl Ul ~ .j:>..j:>..j:>..j:>..j:>..j:>. ~ WWW WWW 1:1
...... I I I I I I I I I "CI ........ I I I I I I I I , "CI I I I I I I "CI ~~~ ~:k~ ....
P:D~;-J?'!.Itf>-~!"~ ~ P:D~;-J?,!.It!'-~!" ..... ::;" ?,!Jlf>-~!"~ ::.-
= = =
"Il(j"'C(j(j:n(jtTlm(j Q ~;j;;i1WrQC-~~D Q ~(j(jtTltT:I"Il 0' "'C"Il~tT:I5"(j
g~~~~g; ;~g ('tI 0 0,), ......... - c 5' ~ '~ ~ (b a·
~ ~g~n('tlO(ll"'OEJ;;3 !JI 0. '" ;::; '" ~o..;.... ~
0",_", ",On-l:jno. @ .~ ~ g. g e. g @ 2: U -.::; c >:: n 0 () '""t 3l "'"I ..., (tI
~ 0"3-00£ ~o Q"u o D. g.' ~ o~ ~ c ~ ~: g ~ 1;:1 8.:2. o'g Q q >,rj -6- ~ rs fI.9~ ~ ~.
0, ::; ..... (11 ~ ~ (llO
~ 0. 0:> 0. 0. '" 0;' ~ 0.. <' =, ~ ::;.' a o!'/'J~("C;-'"O
;:; g ;:;- ~ ~ 0: fr 0: '" 3' ia' '" ~ fr fr g fr (=i' o..~ :3 '" 8. f:l
'"'t-- ("I;l __ CIl·OI_ ("D::L -C". -:::1 (11---- ~ C
~£5g.g)E:JCoJgc:ttng- = ~ ~ (D n t:l ;::;:; =' ~ .;;. 'Q' ""l ~§"2'''0;- 0 '" n 0.. n 0,0:>
D. = 0 00. "'0 ~ C/.I ::r g CL Q CL~~;:;fr·~~ ......... arJJ ""l n ~81~§~~
C '"C Q!"";..,.o!,,,,;..,..::::r ~
a e ~ x o. g ~ ~ Q. g. ("';) ("".l ~ 0 .-+ 0.> 0 ~ c: 0 0 -. tI.I :3 g ::!I ~~ r;:
Q. n (ii' n g, ~ g Q~ -. 0.. fr >- 0..;.... n £;- g
5 ;: g 5. ;? 0: ......... ~, g' = ~ o ::..~. a ri' ~ t.5 I'Jl ~ ......
;;; '" o(ii' is.::; §" §:'tj ~ = ~. a § r;' § CL (D, 0" ~ ;; Q. :;10 ::: ~ o·.~ g ~
~ ~ (tI ~f 2. ~ ~ D. ~t5. ....:j -. _ 0,
.:. ~ n -. ::; ;:: '" 0 0'0
o (') 0. = ..... o...t-. 0 ~ tTl 08'tj '" :3 '" -e 3 o
a~OI(tg.("Coo~~ C !'/'J (ll -...-t-- =:I ~ o..!",,;..,.. a Q =
o >-1 g (D (JQ~. ~ 0 ~ ...... 'tj 0:> 0:> £ ~. g a,
('tl ~.::!:z' Cfl 0.. Q ~ "0 (ll n = .:. ...... OJ n
(D ~ := :1 ::1 r.tl e: ...... G. = g ~ ~ ~ n (1l § 2. f:l ~, '2. "'3 0 (=i'
~ '-.,;..,0. 0 0 I:l=> c= ~ .. n 0, 0.. 0 o' ...., ::s ==s ~ 0' C 'Tj 0:> e, a- o· a'a~:" 0
(;" 0 § .... -~ (D ~ ='_ ;; '~ a: (D' ~ ;. ~ Q 3 = 8 ~n 0:> ~ -·00..
"'''' 3n:4,-no.. = 0. ~ 8 (j (1l
s. e:. ~ g r;' g, E.. (11 "'I ..., ~ a 0 ~. a (D o e:: Q 0
:3 g 0.. ("D:!!. ~ c ("p ;; ..... o:>'n ., o-",::"t:!l
~_~ '4.: a _~·o.~ g 0 -'" ~ _. '" '"
~ ;; ~.g. ~ o § n _ o 3. tn o·
3 .... ~(JQ =-: EO. '" ~ e c:: so '" 0:>
('D a: __ ~ sr 0 ::t2- ~~d~ ~ ~ 0 0.. = ::; 0
~ Z 0..'" '" 0:> '"
£ ~ ~ ~ ~8. ;::: ~ Q'l:I C"D N "'1 ::;
(JQ::;0 '< 3 ~ :;; ~::!I ~
"CI .,
'" 0.. ::s t:!l ~ i3; ~.f!'. ~ " Q. 0 ~~. =: s
g n ","::.::; _.::; 0.. 0:> t'Io ;;::l ~ '" 0 n
o '" 0 -. g-OQ 0:> ::; '" ~. n ~ -e
5:3n",8' 0.. o..~. = z o .... n ...
~:g g ~.§ '" 0..::; OIl o ~. o· 0;'
'" '" OQ rn ... _. 3
~ _, n
=:s (tI 0.. ~ 0 ~ ;::-.0 =
n o ~ ~'
o til s:: '""1 =
... s;n3 0:> 0 '" (=i'
3 s s ::; = 0
::; n '"
::.. n 5' o·
~ OQ =
0:> ~
0.. '" o
0 0
!i
I-' ~
~~i--I'~i--I'i--I'''''''i--I'I---''_' ..- ..... S
.j:>..j:>..j:>..j:>.VlVlWNNN N ..... 0 '0 '0 '-D '0 '0 o: (Xl o: QIO -..J 0\0\0\0\0\ 0'\ VlUl.j:>..j:>..j:>..j:>.
o\.j:>.NOOO.j:>.~NOO-..JO\ 0'\ N-..J'DOOO\N~'O(Xl-..J .....:J ..... -D(XlUlVlN N O\Vl'OO\WN 0 NNN ................................ OOO'D'O'O'O(Xl 0\ W ..... \0 -.....J ~'I--i- I.D

"j1~'-~-'--;J .. ~ --;-J.-;-J -;J )-1-, -;J -;J o o
-..J -..J -..J -..J -..J,-..J ~~ -;J ~ 0
N ....... ··~~~ ........... ..... ................ >o .• ~ ~ , , , "CI ~
P:D!X :-J0 ;.n.~ ~ !,,~p ?'!Jlf>- ~!" ..... ~
"'C(/)<(j(j (1 C-~ci1;;::lci1~<~ = Z
'"0 ~ Q~~;P$~D ~ Q S
3!!..(po~ M
o ('D. 0 2.. 0 (D, ~ ('D, '" o 0
o '" 0 '" ::; ~CN~t:lOOO - n '""1 :::s _$:I) = ~ ;-I
(t)n()~E. ;l> 0 :> g !J. ~ 9: ~ ~ ~
0. n _. o " Z o 0.. 0:> -. 0:> 0.. 8. 0.. Z Z - o~ . (1l _._. 1;:1
-. 0; g- (ii' '" ~ 5: ~;:::r s' ::;- ~ .g. ~ o::;::::::sg-o:>o
8. '" a a g 0 ~ ~e:srfi~";~ ~ ~.
(1) .... O-I-d(1l ::;" ~ o..~ ,,0..0.. v.> m fD
a ~ 0 Q;.~ v.> s: 0) ~~ ~ ~. pr ~.~ .~ rn C/! 1~~(t)c..3~o C/! =.
0·"0····8. C'tl r./) ~ Q-8'0:>~0:><><"S:l v.> rn rI:l:~' 2. s· ri ~. z 'C
m :;0
g. ~ _. ~ 0 ~~ "0.... (t) -. 0 \:1 s., :=: n s' '" g 0 Q.
~8~~ '"0 "'~"'~ 03>< ~ 0 3 ("> 0:> 0". 0:> M ~
;l> ::;-: N "'1 () ~ _. v.> ,,'" 5"'30-
_. - c.. v.> n 0:> 3:::; _. 'tj 3 5 ::; 3 _"" _.- '" n
?'t: '" 0 -l ~ ::r ~. ~ g- ~ ~ M 0 ~
0 z z 00 ~ C"D (ll (tI C/! =
"', D: ~ cr= ~ 0. 3 o. ~ 5; c';::_ a a 5 ~
0 - __ <' 'tj 0, ::; '" _.0 tr
~ <. rc ~ ~ §: ~ r '" 0,_ !!!.::I Z <Il
(;)" 0:> 3 g: m '" ';;a. 0-0 ;l>
v.> 0.. s' (=D.~ OJ n
_." 0 '" f;; c
'" 0 =
5' c 0;- 0:> .,
(;)" m c' v.> =
'"
v.> '" '" .:.
m n OJ
n 0- Q
v.> 0: (;)" =
0 ::;
() =
;l> ~
~ ""l
:3
~ ...... ...... ~~,_.

(Xl 00 OO-..J-..J NN-o\O\

i--'~""""""""~~I--i-'_' -..J-..J-..J 0\0\0\0\ 0\ VJ ...... O-......JVlVlN~

...... ~ ........... ~ ........... UlUtV'lVlVlUtv\ '0 00 0\ UlUlUO ....

..- ~ f-l .-,~ f-l

NNNNNN

I Itt I I

9"Y'~~fJ:-

~""""""""," ....... t--"I--"f-ll--"I--"

1 "_I--" I--" f-l ...... ,1--" I--" 1--"""'"

.-. • I t I I I I 1

p:-O~;J?';..r.~~!"-l~

N \0 ...

....................

+:-.+:O'+:O"I--"~I--"I--" ....... I--"I--",.....f-l !,._II +;l..+:O'+:..+:..~~-+:t-~t-

~~$~~~~y.~~~1--"

NNNNNNN

f...;JWNN f-l

-.JWO'lNOO W

o o

~ !i1 8 o

o o

I

~~~~~~"""",,,I-'"

'{'CfCf'{''{'Cf'f'f ?O:-J?'~f'-~t-J!'""

0\ N 00

NNNNNN 000000

I I I I I I

9'~f'-!--'t-J:--'

........................ 1-.1 .............. 10 10 10 10 10 .\0 10

~?o~~~~~

8

i

II

"l~

......
~ 0 0 0 0
b 0: c
2 . . ~ ~ i

...

o

1f

cc

8.

0' c

.,.,

~

-e

~ :n :::>

~.

CD "

g

e [

~.

'-. 11

~19

ot.:)

;.,t.:) ~C;.)

C i:l

~

S

CD

CD i:l

,.. N

"':I II

~II"'"

t-<,

~~ ;-g: Q ;-~sro..o()
~::; s-g3s~a~"'~ 8
:>0" ." 0"' -..... -. III :!l III
<:> - ~ 'Q EJ" ~ 3 ~~~. ~ m ....
t:; p._ 0
~61- ~:;.: ~ . -g . ~ ~ 0- :.. ttl
z
0 0.. 8 ~ .~ " t!1 iJ(l til ~ III ~
O<l : ~::l. "0 - ~ g ~::n
OJ :i"E; ~ ~ ~,~ ~ c ~_~
[ S" [~~ ~ o·~ ~ s-;
..c ~g&_~~('b~Q&.~
c
" ~ 0 B_ So": '-< ~ @ -~ >
:I -~
Iii ~.o O".r-.. 0.. g. n til g ."
~ -. 1i 8 co ~ o 't-" () 5; a :>0
fr () .4 ..._, <: ::!. -~ § 0_ ~ ~
::I ~ a E; 3 ~g.!,~ ~~
g
" 05· s: g 5i .... ,0 s. () ::!l Pl ~
a Q.. PI'- 0" sa. Q - 0 ~ c..S- -::s CI'l
(l ry/~ ::l ~ :=.' ~~ 0- -~ c
, ...... < - -. 0"' III _. 0 n
§' Q.J ~ 9 e 8 -. ~ g' ('b 0 s
2" "". . D • 0.. III tIl~
o & [~ tzt!1 0 '> ~ ~ III CI'l
::I
" c: 0 8" c: _Ill '-' '" is.::ll 5i
'"
Q. g ~ 8' o· ~'~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n
" >
:::. (') cr"~- e 0 ('b ~ ~ _~ ~ 0
c p;' Q -~ 2. go ('b ~ 0 N's
0' 0,
" a-: ;' ~ _-g ::~ fJ'J z
::I 8 n 3 g. g, s- IS ~. o
C
::I - '" a.'" '" .... c:
n r;::'-"("Il --o...e
" .... 3 til 0 ." :!l N· '" ....
::I g"c: c:03c: "'0"0
~ " &': "g ~ 0.. o· go ~ ;:;
Q.
" a ~ ~ ~ ~ § en ~.cr.s.
;;; o § _, _ "rj _. ~ _ S
0- m g.~.., ~_~ 0
~ :s:!loog .... "'?i-~
0 III c: .!- -. 0.. 3 "0 ..., til
o. S =. III :s ." ." III ." 0..
a ° S 0.. til::! o ."
8' g'c: _.(i.~g.." S"::!l
tIl::S 0 '" 0...
~ £ ~~ ~ .s. 2, ~~~.
io s..o ." ~ o· ~ 8. .
l>' s C:"'-oO"ot'd ....
,.. ("D('1l r.n o· I Q.J (1.1 ~ Ul :II m

" m

:II m z o

~

Ie II

!;Z

-",

I~ -s;:~ ,I

s~

Secci6n

Perfrnetro moladc p

Tabl~ 2-1. Elementos gcometricos de seccioncs de canal

Ancho superficial T

I

-- ----- ----I---~

Radio hidr6ulico R

by b+2y

b+2zy

Profundidaid hidrauhca o

-- ----------'-~--I- --~-----

Factor de eeccicn Z

(b + ,y)y ~+2zy

(b+zy)y

b + 2y"\1t ,;;

~i(O ~aen O)tk2

3A 2y

% V'S Tyl.i

(~/2 - 2)r2 [(11"/2 - 2)r2 + (It + 2r)y]t.fi,

~+y v'b+2r

Perebde

_T_-__,-c-~~--I-------I~_~ __ -~ I I ~~ __ ~I-- _

b-:;ll

1-,-< RactanQl.llo con esquinas redondeadas Lv> 1)

---~ -~

TrUmgulo con fondo redondeacfo

(sen ")

J4 1 - ---e: j'"

1I+2r

%Ty

(1r-2)r+b+2j;

(x/2 - 2)r2 + (b + 2r))1 ~-=-2)r_+h+2y-

A' P

A T

T_I- 2, I

- v 1 + Z2 - -(I - e ccr+e)

,z .. - z

* Aproximacion satisfactoria para 91 intervalo 0< X;!! 1, donde x= 4ylT. Cuando x » 1, utifica la expresi6n exacta P=(T12) [~+ 1/xin (x + V1+X"2)].

~

II ~

~

-

-

."
0;;'
"
01
N
f..
n
~
~
8
s
"
'"
~
"-
n
0;;'
"
e,
<:
"
~
5:
.,
Q, o
" [
'"
0. ~
iji
i'l i
" ~.
~
~ ~
Q.
0
'"
"
'"
0-
"
o
.,
'"
;::. t !

+

,............ ......

~~~o

I--" ...................

~~5~

" < 0-
J" " 0
." 0" '"
0-
s:; (") '"
0.:
(") "" :;:
0 0-
'" ~~
fa.
o,g - n>
::!l-
fftB.]
_ 0 '"
'4("D "< 0
.., '"
" 2.
'" ;-
" ...
-_.
... 0
""
Q..Q..
_.n>
o _
Q.. ""
" ~
(") '" ."
o Ei J"
~<Q 'Q I s
~Ik ~ "
-e I "i~ '" k
?' '" "'I~ o

1':>,

II

~I>-< ~

;:,.. ee

"" ;..

"g J] o tIl r m

s:: l> (J)

:IJ m "T1 m :IJ m z o

~

-

Nivel. pies

OO~ ,N __ -r __ ~T--' __ ~ __ '-~-r-r--;O

I

VI '..;Jo N ....... o N'{:::' 'J'l

0:1

" ::I

£

Q.

'"

~

'"

N......... I--'

O\O......)U1Vl \0......,)

+ ;s:

+ 8

~I~

+ :;;

~I~ + ,'i.'"

+

R.

+

R

~I~

~I~

II

+

~h

I I I II

I~

I I~ ~ I I,,.

f I ~~

( IH

1 I s ~

I li~ I. I~

I

I

I

I

R

~i:J

II

NI!

Profundktad sacuente

I I

-71 p\ln: I

.. " -n

o

8'
:s
0
r :;xl
:>'
§
~
0
'" ttl
j ~
ttl
'"
:>
~
~
CIl "< II

~I>-" '0-.

:.

0;- '<
'"
8 ~
D.2:: '"
0, en i3
;::_!a g:
0,
"" -. E'
~2
~::;. 0
"-' - ."
'< 0 0
!3 0.. 5:
g_.,
+ ." en 0
::: §r ~ a
0
+ '2.0 .---.
H;;.! =n
~ n·] ()q
~
""1'1 ~ ~. i'l .,
0 ""
~ ~~ ::> " ~ ~
<l> ~
'" "-'
,";' ., II II .g
::>
!r ~I~ <S <1>
+ 0' a
o· «;:,
';?' .... ~ 1i
" 'I~
+ '" '"
<l> 0
~ ::> ~
~I'::: 0'
en ()
~~ C
<l>
+ 3 ....
~ en '8
o 0..
~ !!.
" .,
'" ()q
'8 c
'"
::> 0
0.. '"
".
.---. ::>
'f "
til
...... 0..
0\
'-"'. <> ""I~

_...._

:;'1""

I ~I"" -......-

II

I I I

J.Ll-...liJliilllU.ill.LLL"""I- --~----e I

I

I

I

!

,

i i

-----t---~

,e

I iii

,~

!Ii!!!l !~, I~

'OJ

II

""Ita

p.. ~

+

--

~I~

II I

~I~ :fri~

+ ~

o

~11C2

+

~I~

II I

"" 1'<0 ~.~

~I~

+

R.I~

~2:;

II o

g s

o

~ ~

II .'"-l 10 ~

II '<:: -e

;J:. '"-l II

.t)

~I '$ ;II a

t--:ll t:I g. s:;

...

g

~ 15: ::l

't:J

'" co

~ d

§.

~

~

~..,.,
~1' .."
~ U)O"'o~ .... ·o.~n ~ Cl
g~·~~·i fl~ II be- n" !.J..) ~
o '
_. ~ s' :;J
>-' ~~~~ ~ s [Q.. ~ OS. 0. fo-..5. :::; §~
0 -.0 -.0 9'> ce :;;l (tI O" ....... (tl.~ -= ..... ·oo~· 0
0 v. 0 u, 0 '8.g g "g ~ 8 ~ g§'~' + g- :=~ 5' ~. rn
0 0 0 0 0 cr -, t:I
~O:c.. ;;;- 0.0"'8'"00 g ""-=Q.1 >
" " ~ :~~~~~P~g'Q"'g ~ "§~ rrr
tTl
g.~ ~ a~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a. ., 0 (5 I ~
o :='" 0
~ (tl -eo (=)' a 3 ~ x s' ;. C 0-
'0 "" 0-" §: l '"
~ 0- s::~e;o'"CrtDl~-Cj('C ~~ iii 0
~ c :: ft ...... ~ ~ ~ 0....9 ~.- ot ;;'
15" t 0.
0 0 0 p p "'~ -e N'''' Col r;.'.l =: _ 0 "'""i:j 0' ~ =-~ I
w i.': :.. tI~ '"0 [[~g~;~~~g. ><
... v. !!. I!l f)' :Q:;'
-.0 ... .._, 0 fS::
00 -.0 W 0 0 I--' (S'':j" '" ~og~gC:\§II~~ ?'< 1
~ r.Il....?1. ., Q. ~
N 0 ::I g D. 8 CP ~ ~. ~ II 0-
:;) " "
>< e ~ Q.1 • ~ a!J. 0 Q.1 s ~
"C ~: ~ fr~' ~ ~ g'~ v. £" §
co
"
fa. Q;I -g. {'1l '"1-a rIl "8 (S' +:.... s ~
00 c..t::I~.(";l . ...,'T1""cn""""""'~
..... .._, ..... .._, ~ " 6: ~o'C § '"< a e:.' -::; (tl i:t
:JO 00 00 00 )l Q. o °-''''3 <''''' ti1o" ;;
00 00 00 :_, 0, !l g_ ~~ c§' g f:r 5' ~'2rfJ '"
n "Eo 10.21'
'" . ~~~. Q ?' ~a ~ ;' n·
" ., 0.50' ___ ~9~1~ ___ r_-' ______
f£. § ~ Jt -g ~ e:..g x §: Q.
'0 0.. £
'" (1) ;!!, ~ 0.. 0 -e 9 (D ~ e:..
Pl,< a-; l'5 !:? o {'1l ~ ;0 Q.. fl t::) (j ., f ~'I!r
... w w w w ::!. g,~g5 ~8:S~g § if i' ;1 ~ :r"
0 io io io io "'!;' ;i or co
0 00 .._, gj ... II'"C - (1) O"'D;~c..g-&.,-,~ If§. °a "j'''
0 .._, -.0 0 .p.. (6' Eo " g §"g K ~ ru .~ II ~ ~
~CIlO !?. ;- ~~ S' @"8 g ;; a 8 s Q/l i» i>~
.._, ~. 0: ~tP .t 'i'
" § ~ rIl &. ~ ;- ~.~ ~ " ,I; I o.t
3 e:.. a -§ &; c·'"!:' g. .....J. - 0.. _II I
.", () / '/ Secci6n /
15" ~rD~l:IVJ~ '"t:I:y £
00 00 "'-J .._, ;:J w ~ . ~ 0 g. ~ &. g ~., 6- " ~J--_:r~,:__
..... w -.0 U. :Jl ,;. e;. ~~ §.g ~@~.:: ~ f£.
00 '" \0 io io
B. g_ ~ Q d] ~~ ~ 6 -------
2" ~ § 5- §. ~ ~ ~ g o
0
o ~ ~ o·~ 8 ~: g "
c;l:::!:l~ (p ..... ~~ 0'"- ~
~~.!::.l:I g\::I'E.~.] f£.
VJ ? a !!."< ~ ~ ~o @ 0" Ut
....... "tI :0 o ID r m iii: » en

:0 m "11 m :0 m z o

~

I\~

\~

\

-,--- 1

I

/ ,-

i

i

i

i

i

ir

i ~'

,n>

Ia.

,<0

13

,<0

1<9,

it»

i

~
N
."
~
'"
'"
"
<I
:!l
S
"
"
""
~.
;0;'
g"
0.
"
S"
s
Gl
S;'
0.
"
:::0
~.
0
"
;3.,
J.i'
~
"
"::::'
'v-' Valores deZjb~_5 para secciones trapezoidales

0.1 1

0;01 0..0001

Valores de Zldo2,5 para secciones circulares

10

Valores de y/b y y/do

!

til

- l
"
~ 5_ro
" ~~
~~~
~g ~ Q C
~. !!..2. &:g..
~gg g] ~ ::n
o~'E. "...._'" ~
~ a ...,,-
t-0~
!.;Joo... ~. § '"
• co N ...
~'$__~ ; ~ ;.
~C'"II t-~ Q
~ II ~
II po 0~ <
01--'0 co
. o~ "0 c,
~ OO(,Q ~ E:., "
!" 0 II o.~ <e
""C~ '-l '" ;:, cti
I!; " i=' a ~ OJ
"N'" "
tll_· ~ :=:m '"
* &: II ~ - N
~"'E. § "0
... (") co
~ ~ 5~ til '" OJ
'" 0)
2. " (") a- "
0 "
g ~ ::s 0 co
~ ~ 0. ~
(3 0) '" c.
c, ~ ::s 0. o-
"
'" "' ij;. ()
~ '" 0) '" ~.
" ~ "[ 5' "
p a. ~1l ~
"
& N
i:r ...
0 '"
"" ~ 0.
f.l (1)
0 <t
'""' <:0 ...
:.. w 8
... IC S·
"0 f'" ~
~ . ...
i!; ;;-
'" <, ,
,
" ,
,
I--- . ,
\:
---_ --- --.'I'
~
_'l .-- f-~

\
1
.1

i II
f---
j _l
1 QL:
~:~
.." £~
~. o
ml' " §.
., J" ~ a:
+- ~ 0 ~
I'l.~ - g.~:
'" _<>.
!!. g~ a g-
Q _ , ffi 8 ~
" ~:< . ~ -5"
a. \l~ ~ ~ I
(i. m
o· :<8 ~l
" J'i'f :<
a 00 .
c, ;rJJ ; ~ ~'l s
" g.m !I. m.
t::I ~' !1!: ~ i U ~
.s. [0 • a.."
a I ~~
" 0 3
0
" - ~:~ ~~ a.
" ~~ . t!l
" ='8- Jll t:I
g • 0 § r:,. Ii
1 "" '"
" g- Bii. ;1>,
:c • £ ." I
f 09. a. §
~ a. [0 g. 0
~~ '"
~. 1 _ • ~
00.
." !e,8.
g. 'a. t:I
iiI- @ m
0 H
., ~. g- c, o
del m . ~
..
" ~
g-
~ rn
;I>
s
~
CIJ V\.p..lJ.,lNI-'- ..........

:p.~;.....:p..OO~O

fJ\~J.JNN"""""""'"

OCO~OlJtNb

Ul.~V-lNN"""I--"-_ OOCV.OUl.NO

en
,-
e::
0
n
'"
:1'
S
C/l
(f> c::
m o
o ~'
Q
0 o
z
~ 5
-<
C/l
~
~
c
Q
I 0
I ~
I f
I
I & ~ C/l
Ie.
• a,
I (J) ~

" sn
m
o
o
~ Q.
z
z
Z
""'I
~ Dirnensiones y capacidades de las canaletas de medicion. Parshall, para varios anehos de garganta, W [Las dimcnsiones correspondientes a cada letra Be muestran en la figura 4-6]

I I I \ I I --
Capacidad aflujo fibre
W A %A B (J D E F G K N R M P X y ~---
Min Max
--- --- --- --- -- --- _-- --- -- -- -- --- ~ -- --- -- --- --~ ----
Pi_e Pvlg Pie pulg, Pie Pulg. Pie Pulg ~ie Pulq. Pie ,Pulg. Pie Pulg Pie Pulg Pie Pulg PuJg Pulg Pie Pulg Pie Puig. Pie Pulg Pulg. Pul9 Pie'js Pie~ls
0 3 1 6% 1 ki: 1 6 0 7 010%6 Z 0 0 6 I 0 1 2y' 1 4 1 0 2 Oy. 1 IH 0.03 1.9
0 6 2 )1. 1 4!)t. 2 0 1 3)-; 1 3% 2 0 1 0 2 0 3 4)1 1 4 1 0 2 11» 2 3 .0., 3.9
0 9 2 10% 1 11).. 2 10 1 3 1 -10.% 2 6 1 0 1 0 3 4% 1 4 1 0 3 6)., 2 3 .09 R.9
1 0 4 6 3 0 4 4% 2 0 2 . 9J{ 3 0 2 0 3 0 3 0 1 8 1 3 4 10% 2 3 .11 16.1
1 6 4 9 3 2 4 7% 2 6 3 4% 3 0 2 0 3 0 3 '0 1 8 1 3 5 6 2 3 .15 24.6
2 0 5 0 3 4 4 10% 3 0 311,H 3 0 2 0 3 0 3 9 1 8 1 3 6 1 2 3 .42 33.1
3 0 5 6 3 8 5 4% 4 0 5' 1% 3 0 2 0 3 0 3 9 1 8 1 3 7 3.% 2 3 .61 50.4
4 0 6 0 4 0 5 10% 5 0 6474 3 0 2 0 3 0 3 9 2 0 1 6 810% 2 3 1.3 67.9
5 0 6 6 .; 4 6 '"[' 0 7 6% 3 0 2 0 3 0 3 9 2 0 1 6 10 1H 2 3 1.6 85.6
6 0 7 0 4 8 6 10% 7 0 8 9 3 0 I ~ 0 I ~ 0 3 9 2 0 i 1 6 11 3}2 2 3 2 ~ 6 - J03.5
7 0 7 6 i 5 0 7 4J.-i 8 0 911% 3 0 0 0 3 9 i 0 I; 6 12 6 2 3 3.0 121.4
8 0 8 0 I 5 4 7 107~ 9 0 11 1% 3 0 0 0 3 9 /2 0 6 13 8ki: 2 3 3.5 139.5 Porcentaje de sumergencia I1jHa

s !Jl ~ g of· ~ m~ ~

0.1 .2

<D 0"

5

... b

o~

porcentaje de sumergencia HJHa

& ~~o1rjm~~

0.1
r-
~ t-- t-t- 0
~ t- o.
,......_ t-r-.
~ r--, t:-- t- o
r-, r-, r- r- 10.,
1:",."- ['.. I"r--, 0
~ .' r--i' 1'0
r\\ r\ l\-r'-- 1'10
l'\ ~f'\, I' "
\ ~[\ 1':-,
~ [\1 '\ '<'
1\ (,
I" (v' r-
,.,.I-<v."
I''<-~
~'.t.
~.,.o .....
1,
,0,-
N'~
m
llll
. .8

D. .5

0.

<0 rc

p

'"

b

Altura superior He, pies

o

o ro~i=i=~~~~~~~~~

~ -~

g 0

s.g:

~. ~~+-+-+-~++~~» ~g:~+--1--+-H-+++t-+t'IN'IDOOOO g~-1---1--+-~~+++t-+t·rH~~

I\I'!'NI N ll\l N~
'I ~~ ~1'ffi 'II
:;:
m 0<t1?~
0
:0: \\
i2
~
g

"
: n ""?_,ll11
o
~i,
~
~ l~~'
~
~ .J ~~
L~
~


:~ u !±

0 I l :-..
i'l
i'f ~ ~,
c,
o
.. ' ,-~-
~g ~ ~\~~~
.a
e
il
w-
§: j_
E
J
~t );
tK<
i'l-~' I
" ~ ~ I~C~:"

i~ : ~
_I I"
~
,


~
t:Iic j_
ftf±

!" o c.o

'" '"

~~ ~"-;;:

z

.,

~

+

:::a m ." m :::a m z o

~

Ir/~~· ~

! 'f!. g OJ

: g. Q) ~.

/_:_ - 8-

, ,

, ,

,_,

~.b/; [

.~"() ~

L"_J

-n



o

() o c:l o ()

g:

() o

S

o

Radio hidraulicc R, en pies

,

Eje de abscleas Figura 5,3. Solucion grafica de la ecuacion de G.K.

Para cncontrar Ceuandose conoeellR,:S y n: una Ifneareeta que una el valor de R en el eje de las abscisas can el punta donde la curva de pendiente S interscca la linca n indicara eI valor de C en cl ejedelas ordenadas.

Para encontrarR cuando se conocen C, S Y n: tina linea recta desde cl punto donde la Ifnea de pendiente S intcrseca la Ifnea n hasta el punta C en el eje delas ordenadas indicara, euando se extienda hasta el eje de las abscisas, el valor deR.

~ Para encontrar S euando se conocen C, R Y n: una linea recta desde R en el eje de las abscisas hastaC en el eje de las ordenadas, extend ida hasta Ia linea n, indicara encima de sf misma el valor de S.

Para encontrar ncuando se conoeen C, R Y S: una lfriea recta desde R en el eje de las abscisas hasta C en el eje de las ordenadas, extendida hasta la curva de pendiente S, indicara encima de sf misma el valor de n.

~t--> ..... ppp

~~~e3t:t~

I

I~ I

~~~\..oJf.--<I-->"""''''''''

~ ,J::.. !..N N -....l 0"1 u. "'"' ~

t:J
Ul
~
0
§
tl
pl
"t1
r-
S
0
~ !
II ~
~I~ -<
tl
rn
~ CIJ
c::
;;;- CIJ
~ m
;:0- o
52
0
0
~
CIJ Profurididad media, pies

N OJ ~ Ul

o 0 0 0 0

prcrundided media,

Nivel media,

o

(]I o

opppo

8&3888

:=pp~p

~ss§;§::

OOO:'=' P

~~~~S;

p p p p p &i5:~~o

poppp

~8@~o

ppppp 5l@o N

o

b s:

P ;::

o

p o

?

p

§

o b

::; 0

p g

o v.

::;:

o

b

?

o

8

o

o

§

o 00

o b 8 g ~ 0

o b

N VI

o b N o

....
~
.,
(")
0
C
<i>
~
&
!J.
("0
'"
0.. :s
("0
8' tl
;<l
§ )-,
("0 ~
JI'
(")
0 )-
D tl
~ tTl
~
.,
a
("0 ~
V>
'< '"
'" i
e>..
(=0.
a
("0 ..,
V> Sl
(I) 000 bbb

N ........ v. 10 '"

00

88

..:..J·N

=00

=00

........ .... .a;:a.t;.j .. U\

00 00 0 ~
88 89 0
.... 0 "'0 s s·
0
=0 QC 00 00 00 e ~
=0 =0 bo SS S8 '= S
.... 0 ~~ ......... ....
Q 10 "' ... ... '" "'N e e:.
00 00 00 00 00 0 :s::
."
88 00 88 00 88 8 ~.
"'N ;;~
"'0 0 .... ..... '" ........ w S
0 00 0 0 0 00 0 b
88 0 8 8 88 S 8-
00'" N N .... ... W >-' '"'"' 00

88

.... v.

00

82

........

00

88

......

00 00

N .... 0 ...

o o

N o

000 000 00 a 00 000 00 000000 00 00000 00 000 ~
oob ooe 8S <=> 00 DOC 00 booooooo coooo 88 bbb
(.o..l ............ -N_ N N"" NN- - - N ....... I--'I--' ........... _,..... ........ >-'-- N ........... §'
00\'-' WW-l N>-' W O-.l 000\ -.l U. N-lOOO\~(A~ ...... ON_ .... O -0 ...... N ....... 0
00 000 00 000 000 0 0 OOOOCOOQ 00000 00 000 ~
88 bbb SS bbb 000 <=> <=> bbbbbboo 88888 bo bo= S
>-' WN WNN LNNNNJo-'o. NNNI--' 1-'1--' _ .... .... ,.. N,... ....
0\ W V\ N '.Jl "' ... wwo OtnOO-...l .....JON\O-...J ...... '.Jlt..r.i ~V\t.,;JNN W"" IJtWN ~
0 0 00 00 0 00 ocooo 000000 00 000 00 000 ~
v. <=> bb 88 <=> 00 00000 cooboo bo bob 88 oob "
0 :::; we.> w NN WWNNN NNNN ............ -- -_ ........ w .... _ s'
0 u.o 00 v. 0\ 0\ '" v-.o+>.+::.o V\t.J..looO\V'I -'>00 V. \A" U\ !."o.) O.....J~
0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 00 a 06 00 000 0 00 a 000 ~
<=> bob <=> ::, <=> <=> <=> 00 <=> bo bo bbb <=> bo <=> boo
-.l 1Jt~ ~ W W W N 00 ...... u. WN WN ~~~~ NN NN ....... Jo-'o. tl
'J< OVlO V. W 0 '" 0 '-"0 a u. v. v. v. v. W N N,OO 0\
... 0
0 000 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 00 0000 00 OOQO ~
'-' bbb b b <=> 0 00 <=> 0 0 bo bbbo bo 00=0 S
0 -:J.Vt~ ... ... '" w g _,'" 00 .o.w \AN ... W I.J.) W W N NN~"""
0 0000 '-" 0 u. '" 00 0 0 u. 000 0 '-" 0 u. 0 u. o..-J VI ~ 00 ~
0 000 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 00 00 0 000 0 0 0000 a::
'"
'-' bbo 0 0 <=> 0 ;... ;""'0 ;... be 00 0 bbb 0 0 bbbb "
v. fig~~ v. ... ... I>' ... .... 00 N ,,, .. 0\1>' ~~~;!5 WW \.I.lWNN S'
0 0 u. 0 I>' 0 00 0 00 ow '""0 wov-o
0 '"
c g
~ §
o
Hi
j;l t)
'" '"'I
" '" ttl
"<7 r
ClO; fl
~Y'
~; S
0
~ 6" ~
" <l
-'" 0
~ g- "
" - ~
SR
(iI =:tI -<
'" (') I:)
~ if ttl
~g_ CIl
!?1..G s
S ~ ttl
a08 8
(t ~. )-
<l c.
8 ~ 0
S ;:, ~
,,~
" "
g-~ CIl
C. s'
~ §
'0 "
~ 5:
'" "
!!.-
c.
,,'
"
".
2-
....
:>
\C 00 bo

WN V,v.

a a 0 !=>9 coooo 000 00 00 ~
;.... b b 0 ...... ooobo bbb bo 00
g gj Vo "'- -....).f::o..&::>.~w WNN WN .. '" S·
0 00 OLflOVtlJ\ OVO;:) OVO 00
a
'" a a 00 oooco 000 00 00 ~
;.... b 0;"" ;""'0000 000 co 00 §
N 0 '" .... Vo 8-..1 ",,,,v. 3'""'" WW g;~
0 a a 00 o~oo VoO Vo 0 e:..
0 a '" p~ oooco 000 00 00 3::
;.... ;.... ~ ON ;""';""'000 boo bo 00 ",
><
~ N VoO go~gC1 "' .... .,.. UOW -..Iv. S·
0 0 00 OUoO ::> Uo 00
a 00 ;""'0

g~

'='
m
~
-::> :>:J
0
~ §
o
~
~ >-l t1
" " tI1
::I 0- r
::I ., fJ
"Vo
.. , S
e'" 0
~ <: ~
~6-
::I <l tI1
-~ 0
?;l 0..
s a ~
0
ail
(! "" -<:
~ ~. iii
::I g '"
" "
~ 0.. s
e:.."
3 ~ tI1
" s: o
g~
e ~ c
(! 0: >-
" ~
8 0..
3 "
,,~
::I "
g.~ to
0.. S.
f;l !1
~R
., "
!!_._.
~
"
::I'
.e.
~
~
~ §" 3
-::: "0
?" ~.
a "
" ;0
'" s \0

00

~

::0 m z o

s

en

-

>-' >-' C 0 C 0 ~
iv 0 P 0 P
v. \c 00 ~ a- U> :... '" Jt
.",
~.
bl
'" N '" "
00 1'> p ~ " ... N ~
0 >-' ....
0 C 0 0 00 a- w 0 .",
~"
-'<'
'" ... w W N N '" .... .... ~
0 u. is u. iv 0
0 c ~- ~ -r-«
0 U> 0 V. .",
/1:"
'"
bl
,... .... w S "
10 '" ~ <:;l RJ !:
\0 ... N V.
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 .",
~"
w
<0 ~ :=tI $:

II

~I~

u,,1

4l

II

~w

"..--.... "',

'"'3

I

l-=> :=tI

~If:c;

"--"

"

g

OJ n 0: ::l

~I~

~Ir;:

+

::.vl~

~I~

~I~

'" "

s

::l <

~.

"

444Ji:Ji

Jii

Figura 6-1. Curvas para determinar la profundidad normal

9-9 gg

g 0\

vatores ds y/b Y y/dO o 9 999

go

rc o

0 0 0 co :.. ';'" OJ _,. """
rc OJ _,. "'''' I \l~
" l I
O>t
~~\
I i I
I -",
./"
(") 'c---i In
, ~ /i "----
-'\? I
..-
[iIiii ii ~ , ~
N -, .j__, <; r-~-I
---l ~ '-,
-......., <, "t" \
--- ~ )<><
_,. vV'- I"- r-- ~ I~
0 ~
~ -i-, ~ 1'- N
I--- r~=1 r-,
1'-;r--, ~ ~'"
-" s I--..
'" (j)
- \--- ~ ~~ r---r--
, ..,,_
en ~~ t-
o ~, ~, t-;: ~
t:=~~ .p. VJ {'J N
III1 I
I,
~ ;:l il

~l~l~

~ ~ ,""

JI

II

~I~

+

;:ll~

~ ~

t¢~ ~

+ ~

() c ,.,

;:l II

~ '"tv::"

+ '\:i

]>~

>;g+

;:l II

-ri Q,
riO' S
"
OJ /p
9' 0
'" 0
Q tI1
OJ ~
r- s
[
~. gl~ 0
co 0 p ~
~ 0
0- 0 < Cl
a ~
:::; - >! ~
~. Na.
~ (l)
a ~
s " i~
" ~
'" c.
'" m
f'i 0
8 <,
::;; (?
'" ill
Q, Z '"
~ c
0< 0-
s'
a.
s
'i:;' m
~ 0;
", 5'
'" ~
:-l
'" 8
~ "
a.
0'
~ '"
"
N a.
m
-J §:
"-'
" D
>§ ~
§' D
S'
~ eN ....
I.N
I.N ~It

[';[

II ~I·;:l.

..... ~ .... ""

+

~I~

w ~

~

~o

"

"B

:4 ::;"

1i" .,

(1)

g

III e» 6; ::J

y; ;:J tl II

~

~

f(

~

\JI~ II

:S;I~ +

,~;::o

sl~

,.,

II

~! ....

+

~i"

;:l II

~I~

;:l II

~l~

R

II -M""

--...

-1'--1 ""

~

'--'

-:

p..

" II

1-t::1""

p.. ~

I~

F1

+

2'1

+

-e '" II

I>I~

r'" ~

oi~ +1:;

se I

~l~

s.

t> ;;.

p.. II

+ tl2'1

'" ~

~ VJ

I> ;s: p..

~

+

fJl fJl
" '"
o o fJl
n (')
:;j 0: 6~ c
" " .".
e. -"0 §.
~ ... S·
., (') 0'
-1 "
>-' '" U,
>-' :., W c-
'0 >-' '" :..
__, a 0
0
.j> N ."
0 N
\J> V>
>-' N
... v.> ~
;... 00
V> 00 ~
00 N s
'" '0
0 0
'" '" ;:,
... w
0 v.
W >-' >-'
;... N 00
w t '0
0- N >0:
X X X
~ ~ ~
'0 !" '" "'C:l
:_, 00 \0 >0:
0-, N ...
X X X ~
>-' ~ :..
"& "&
w 0-, N R
N v.
:,. V, \0 >0:
'0 a, eN if
X X X
>-' :; ::5 ~
~ ;; ;; """
tM
QO
"'"', fJl fJl -"O~
~ " " ~ 8' rD"
=- g g 13 " 9
~ o~ 5~ 6:0 a
" " " " 0
-"0 fJl ::;," 'i"
~ S. :I. "
~ " cr J5.Q ~
~ .a' i'l o,,()
g, ~ s ~~~
(;' 15: 0..0..(')
Eo " ~~~
fil g~ 0"
'" ag'"
§ !"' ~ 8
.@ b~';
'" r.II S. D.
00' :.. c.""
" v. v. ~~ ~ ::s a
(=s' ~ w ~z~
" '"
n- o 0 o~o..
."."'''
~ ~-o..
£i 9 0;;'
as s.
,"1:1 0"0 c-
.c, N "''' "
G; N "8. " fJi (') =s
v. " 0:
fJi $!.. 0" " t:l
,,"0 0.. ;<l
=2.Q " ;J>,
-e §
0' 0 <: ~§ $!..
'" c.", g
'" '" " '" ~
.j> ''» 'l t:!l" 5:
a v. £.g 0>
" 0- e
o _.(t)
0>", tI1
~.::J c» o
8"0 o
>-' ~ s'a ~ .
;... ;... R § !J.~
>-' 0 •. "'0 0,
E.g, tI1
-e ?S' fJl
" " ;J>
" ~ ~
>-' .,
'" '" "00 ~ "'" ;<l
... .j> g ::!l d
o~.s.
" o CIl
~--. ---------~.-~--."--.-.- NNNNN v.v.~~W ::t1 0-, O\W VI.,.

...
....
N
P ,0 9 ""t<>
~ e
"" '0 8 ;;:-
'" '"
; t" ; '" -"d£'"
" > 5 s §:
2- > g, 0-
0 " '
o '0 n 11 '0 ~~Q
cc ~. '" 2;
" "
~ ~ s ~. §~ g
@ 0- (l 6' g. s ~ ~
P- " P-
'" '" '" '" ;-- ~ ~.~
" " "
"" (JO " g ~ g. 6..
E- 2 " 8 "Ii c _,
,2; '" ¥
r. to ., !3. a; a
5: [?,
" 0, g',....n ('tI
" " " =:
~ ;il~ Co ~ g ~~.
to "
to ~ ~ ~Q ~(1l
~ _, ("tl ('1)
to ;;; - " to sr g' 5i" ~
0 ~I: "
II 1'l -e " II "3. c, "g ~
"" (JO ..--.;. '" S'
0 ~ '" go ~ S: ('tI::I ::I
.~ " ;I~ ,. rr.::::ro..o.
~ Co ~ ~I ~ ~ 0';:;;'
0> 8~~~
"'~ n
0 ~ 2i
~ " se ~~a,a,
0- ...._ tl
o· ~ n n _._. ::<l
0; ~ o~ ('1) g g >,
p p ~~ S §
~ a sr~ 5'
~.[~' o
>
c s::.- (Il tl
~. § ~ tI1
M~Q ~
g- 2.-g ~.
'" c» B.
8 ~ " tI1
5.~,o. (JJ
>
(=j":-:-"~ ~
g' §
Q; 9' Q; 9' 9' ~ S' ::<l
c., W ec ,..,
,-» '" ,-» 0
2) C::) ,.=:. ~ -!:3 '"
" (JJ <..<..<..<.. 1--0

~---------+~~~~

I -., I

"'O··m "'0 '"'CI a~· aa ·?"··a ';:r?" v.-~ th' ~ Q ~--~

='., w ..

I ,-, _

N~.~. 'f'Y"-

~~

c.o~~~ __ o-..:r

Ot.:lOO oeoo 0000

OO?~~ 01Cllt.nO'1~ 00000 00,000

..... '_ - I--' ~

~ ~ ~ g; ~ \~

001 01 rt>- '.Q I ~t.:>

~---!-___.L~I

oooo~

t;,~tt:~g

.... l-..tOOO

00000 00000 00000

~~~~§

~'~ o_o __ c __ +-~ I

00000

~r5gg8

o:O-.o~co;.o;.-JWO;

<:0 0:0 ~.~ <:0 ___ 0-1

o O-t-.? 0 0

00000 00000

~ ~ ~I:; ~l~

II

-

;....

<r _,

Ii

t-J!-:.J.

~l!

-

;...

'" ...

I.~

'0

o o

",,,-

~ :: -0

g

i

a

o

b s P

~

"

"8

...

C ::I

Q;

'" 0..

0.. ."

'" ::I

o ::r o

'" '"

I""

~ en

?'

"" s

I

o

- n
>-
0- ~
0
"
0-
" 0
ttl
"r1
~
0
"r1 ~
00·
" 0
a :;.:l
'7' ~
9 '-.,
(/l S
~
!:J. II
0' ';:::
"
0. +
"
0 :? ~~
c
~ ;;;-
Q> N
0. ~
" ;;r
8
a
g
!" ~I"'" ~. cc -s

I ~

~I%

<:»:

M "

V\V\V\fJ\'AU'l ~

ggO'J~~~~ ~

OOON~O ::::

~

M "

V\V'lIAV\fJ\V\ ::::

~~~j~~

OVtNNO~

..,. N .":l

55 ~ ~.

~~r--

00 00

..,. w a v.

JJ m "TI m JJ m z o

~

a a 00

W..,.

CON

00 00

w w co 00

1> o » z »

~

(J)

z o m :II o '(J)

o

z » m

~

(J)

no"'t:lo..=

H

Altura, pies

'" '" ...

... !.II QO

fi" ~a ~ ~ § ~'"rl
.c 0.. s::~.
e 0 "'c
'" ::> '" CfJ "0 ::-.1< ~ ~~
'" fi" ~ . 0 <Ton
'" ~(l ~:?2'o::I>- Ii; -;-'
0;; ~ p '" -'"d o..::l ::>. r:fJ " !"
... <1> o § '" '" e:r---. ~ Q
'" '" sr~~o..o.:~.o.
O<l <1> ~ '" a. 8 ~29;' .Q,<
6r;: :>:l'"
:::-.'0 o..~' ;;;-n " '"
0;;"" ~.~
sg § .~ ~. ~ ~ CI) .;- ,,3
l! ''9,
9"-8 'Jj =;" gl n S" ,~ ~ t:l ~.
""0 <1> 0.. 0 _. '" ~ ::> ~.~
::I~. <<1>0..<<1><1><>
't:!'" - .... '" P g '" ~.o
C go @ ~ g 0: o· r,: s
'" '" 3
fi"::> ~;-::s ::s~~ e
'" '9. "'--I (fl ~ :::::r' ~ ("Il &!
("!)!b _. ..c
~ <1> ] 8 '" a-i s. ~
~ "' ... "'~o.. C),,"'"t("'D "
'" "" ~5:.~. §:~~ II
'" "d II '"
'" '" ~ 0"" n - '"
... ... '"Sl "'::l. '" -e '" (1
'" '" 0
(C .'" ~ 0' ~ '" "'"
§ '" 0
s ~ 8 0. -g. 0 g a
(C '" ~ ::I 8 5' 8 sr 5:
0..", II
_.", e:o· ",g::l S'
'" (")
::I (") go~~ -g i5:e: "
.(b o~ 0-
~.(; s 8.. ~ a- 0
c: ::I '<
::I - ::s'!3..C' O>~~~ .,
~··EJ 't:!"'''' :l::l_ '9
~~ ".~. ~ o;;;-~' ~
S N ~:l@ §;o;;o,
° i5.
n -. ('b~{Il o.g:~
-. 0.. s:
0, '" rI! (1) ~ p) ta:I .. C". '"
::l- eo..", <il-..J8 0-
",'t:! S. g_ g '" NJI' g
_·c
8 '" ~.~ g~ ] ~ ~ g
'9..fi" '"
(C fi" ~Q::l ~~=. .,
"
o 0.. '" C _ '"
3 n~(C 'O"'~ ~
~ @ '" Q g <" '"
=< ~ g.~ @; 're fJ:
'" -(JQ _ '" ::I g
r;1 S § ~ ~ ~ ;;;- 1il
'" AnCho en el1ondOy profundidad en pies

N N

o ~

'" Q

0 '" 0 '"
I I I I
I ! !
,
,
,
"
0
0 .~
0
. !
N :,; ,
0 ..
0 ~ 0-
'" il. -
0 0
0 '"
f; a.
l!.
0 a.
" ..
0
0 !=ti -r-
'0
0 I !
0
f::
0 I u. !
0
-6! I" N o

'" c

" o

o o

Ul';:"'~W~?,VJVlNt.JNN""''''''

888~~8~~~~§8~~

!Jt 0\ V\ V\ 'J\ 0-. v.. Vl. W ~ W W N !'J

~8~8§8§8~~~§~~

VelCCklades permlelblee, peals

o io

-.J o

• <f>

o

Profundidad promedlo, pies

~ II

~

71

~I!il

8

"

8.

0,

"

Fuerze teecuva uniterie en termince de wyS OPPOPOPP9

N VI :t. ()1 O'l --J CO 1.0

N
'"
A
CT ci
:;_-.
<Jl
-.J
CD
'"'
0 -
r-- --- 6-l{ ~'\
-f~ 1--< '!-I"--. ,c
~h f----- -
g ~ f----- f -
:p
f----- -
·1 N
" -
'"

N
. I
~
, '" Fuerza tractiva unj~aria en term ins de wy5 p P p 0:0 0 9 P 0

N :,p. in m 00 <.D

N
'l'
s,
0- J>
~ CT o
it :;_-.
~ (J)
"- -.J
CD
ill
0 -
t- --- --~
1"- "'-
......_ "'" ~
- ,- j
,
[ 1\
,~- r-- N --<
••
·n
~- ;,; _8' Angulos de repose, grados con la horizontal

rc '" N '" ... ::;. '" '" '" '-" " .to
0 ro .to co ro " C1> ee 0 ro
.····1· I !
I, .....1 r" c ~i"'; --"
r-.._ .,,' "~.'.~
~ ~'~'~ """"0, ."",~ '., ~V7. (~ ~ f-
K"'o~("'1>:~'" "'~ l',~ ~
l--... ~%~ K ~~ ~
1"- ..... ...... I"- r-, I ~ "
f-- +" <, !..'-,
.....
i' ..... ~ 1" 1"- "
r-, ~ ~ ~ 1\
1\ '\
'\ ~ \ [1\ ,\
-
. \\ 1\ \ \ Fuerza tractive unitaria permlsible, Jb/pieZ

15

'"

- '" - to '" ...
f~ "'-<
s-"-
8 ~ 8 Q
~i! r-il~
~! ~~
I-g_[
&-8. r-i ~
H
1-3 ]
r-3 •
1== ~~ r=~~
~f F=~';
8 < f\ B ~ 8
" "'-
,g ~ "'-"
r--c ~ j\f r-~
~~
~,3.(fI
"-il. ~\
r---" ~ ~
t-- "ll
iii
~
~ Jr- r-- tJ1~'!l;f~
~miiJc f',
3~r
~5 § "\
... n m 3
o. w
:Tn :l-
·0"
j- I- ~_o l't
030
~~

~"'-
- Fuerza Iractlva unltarla, Ib/pie' o

o 9

- '" -
! I ! I
I
M;; 1/ ~
compacto
~ / ~ ~f\
1 V\ ~ -
-~ ~ _\ -ff ~
_- Ul-~-!!2. o.
Razonablemerne ~=-~=-~ pt
co~pacto ~ _tn_ : ;
~ "
T :;:;.. g-.. - Q. 1il
~ -+-: !l1
..
~-t-l€ Ci!
Nt--- "
l-tf '"
A
'" 11
.. _j_ I
'" ~

" o

!Zl>

;-'[§

, '"

~ '''"--''

'"

~

0: §l

p

0..'"

~.~

'" ::s

=:;s ...... :

$J~-a :::'0.. CJ 2.,'

~tl

c. ~. o III ""'I._r-

~ii ~

'< l-; II ~ to ~: o ('j

'"

0;

n

§ e:

Q.

0' c

..---. l'>..1R.

q

+

~ ~I'" '--(

c+

g~

'"

'i II

~ ~

,_.

co

~

I=' <D

""

~.

;s:

~

~

z » rm en

m z

:

a

....

."
riO'
c
@
~
f'-
Q
~
r;: ..3:
"
~ 0
"
~
tu r;:
~ '0
§. @
g b:!
0
0; @ <
[ x
0; "
S3 a.
c
'" ;i
'" ""
" ::t
'" e'..
~ e'..
" P
~
is
8"
"
'"
"
...
s.
C)
~ :§;
0
"
~
r;:
'0
e;
.,
t::J
0
~
a.
0
-e
"
~
e'..
." g
riO'
0: .0
@ <e
t "
"
f'- '"
8' o
" "'
~ x
" .,
s· '0 "
'" a
" 3
C)
S: 8.
~ s
'0
.,
@
t>,
0
~
a
c
-e
~
[£.
S
0:
'",
0-
~.
" n

n

g !.., N

n §l
b ~ i iii g g ~.
~N .. '" .. ~ ;, '" 0
\ \ t:I
tIl
;, \ ~
.. \ 1\ ~
CI'l
S :. \ 8
0 .. ~! I Z
" ."
~ .. II: r
., S
., "
'0 .. 0
.,
OJ c:
;,. / 2:i
0 (3
@ <
or x bT ~
a " ~-g. ~ /
0 1/
-e !ru~
~ .J
o ~ ~ i
§. ~:\,
S qg;
"
-e 01 b"di '"0
e, ~j~
.f5 at?§
~t-- t-I~ ]lE::
<; += !, ~~-~
""Ii OO-~
"tl:JO
~
I------- t-~
3
11 I I
""'
-...)
\0 n

2
0
c
~
r;:
'0
~
.,
(j
0
@
s <
a x
0 "
-e
~
§.
~
o
OJ
0-
" ~ i<l e ~
;,
" 1
JJ<~ "l
~ ~ * ~
!!:;...o
(1) 0 ~
~~~. ;.,-,
~ ~ 0 §
3!"C
go
9.3 ~
o· .
, ~
"l t:I
~ f-- tIl
~

;.,-
~
"
...,
0
'" is n
i "
Ii ~
I! I~ j I
I
!l :

-o

s I ~ Ii----vi

0' ll: ~ -l-I-I-I-I-.,--l--+--+--+-+-+-t-j o!I_+-.-~~~~-+--4~--~~-+-+~

I! ]j'"

I';

~ "0
'"
'"
- N' 0
-e '" '"
~ 8.. :-' ..
c o r.n
'" ;--5
.2.
n 2 §
3
"0 .... '"
0" <:-':
'" '" "
0 ;:: .::l
<:T '<
(I ;3e:..
!!.
c.. q~
~. ifg-
"',
a ~ ::l
"0
~ ~'-<
"',
!J. ~ 0.
~i" '"
'-' ~
c.. . '"
o §
c:
'" s
Q '"
§. ....
0"
" '"
:0
-e .<:
g; '"
? ~
-e '"
l3' '"
'< o
" 0
..-: :::
~ (1)
'"
"0
0
::I
0.
,,'
::I
it
'"
0.
(1)
;3 3

cs

Q

iA a '-"

"" 5-

f:l

v-Y.o

--' 00'-"

v '{Loo oo-~

~

c, o c.. o

a

cc

a

o

:

I

I

o~oo

~gRJ-~

I

0000

~~;.....w ~

00000'-

....

~~~~ ~o..NO

............ NNt".)_

:;:"N!...lW

0000

~~g~

~~W.J:o.

8S~~

N N t-.J N ~WNW .J:o."::;'VlIN

+::o..J:o..J:o.W

S8~~

000 '" 0-. ~

'J'l 0 0

-.:

II

:D m '11 m :D m z o

~

También podría gustarte