Miniproject Report On

DTMF Teleswitch
 2

CONTENTS

Sl No. Contents Page No

1. Cover Page 2
2. Certificate 3
3. Acknowledgement 4
4. Contents 5
5. Abstract 6
6. Introduction 7
7. Block Diagram 8
8. Circuit Diagram
9. Circuit Description
10. PCB Design & Fabrication
11. PCB Layout
12. Results & Conclusion
13. Reference
14. Data sheets
 3

ABSTRACT

Today’s busy world is an assemblage of many communication

networks; some are yet to have their entries. The amazing thing is
that these all are being used for various communication purposes
only, though it is possible to extend their impacts in a variety of
manner by the manifestation of interesting systems where we can
directly have an aid from these. We are coming up with one of such
interesting systems by which we can access even our bedroom
electronic devices even from the most far off places in the world,
provided the network under use has good range everywhere.

Here we are demonstrating a system namely RAN as an

abbreviation for Remote Automation using Networks. In this most
basic demonstration, the transmitter is chosen as a mobile phone and
the decoding receiver as the land phone for convenience. One can
have either two mobile phones or two land phones for the same
purposes. To demonstrate such a system we will control, simply
turning ON and OFF of four LEDs representing the actual devices,
using any mobile phone from anywhere. Here we are designing such
an electronic assemblage which can decode the signals from the
mobile phone and can drive the four LEDs with the help of the BSNL
network and the receiving land phone, representing the receiver
section.

Such a system is really an asset for this busy modern

world, where everything is being sought for automation…………….
 4

INTRODUCTION
Here we are restricting our discussion about RAN in
the receiver section alone as the transmitting section is alike the
common communication system with the only change that instead of
a verbal message, a number (or numerical code) representing the
code for a device to be controlled is transmitted. This code is
decoded and used to drive the LED represented by the number using
the receiver section.

The underlying principle mainly relies up on the ability

of DTMF (Double Tune Multi Frequency) ICs to generate DTMF
corresponding to a number or code in the number pad and to detect
the same number or code from its corresponding DTMF. In detail, a
DTMF generator generates two frequencies corresponding to a
number or code in the number pad which will be transmitted through
the communication networks, constituting the transmitter section
which is simply equivalent to a mobile set. In the receiver part, the
DTMF detector IC, for example IC MT 8870 detects the number or
code represented by DTMF back, through the inspection of the two
transmitted frequencies. The DTMF frequencies representing the
number/ codes are shown below.
 5

BLOCK DIAGRAM

As mentioned earlier, as the relevance of our

design confines in the receiver section to drive the devices
represented by the LEDs from the DTMF transmitted by the
mobile phones to the land line, we are restricting our whole
discussion therein.

Input to the
landline RING DETECTION

RELAY

DECODING SECTION

INTERFACE

OUT PUT SECTION

 6

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

Now let’s have a detailed look into the whole circuit section wisely.
Before getting in to the description, for the sake of easiness, let’s confirm
our aim or let’s predict our expectation regarding its working.

We are supposed to send a code word from the mobile phone, which
is the transmitter and is sending the corresponding DTMF frequencies
along. At the receiver end, i.e. at the land line end we need to detect the
code back using our circuitry and it is to be used for driving the devices,
represented by the LEDs.

RING DETECTION_SECTION

Refer the circuit diagram of this section….Regarding the need of

this section, we want to use this circuitry in the device mode i.e. to control
the device’s turn off and turn on while maintaining the normal functionality
and usage of the land line to make and accept calls. So we must allow
sometime for the land line to get into the off hook mode, also it is
necessary to get the landline from on hook mode to off hook mode to
enable the DTMF reception. If the land line is already in the off hook mode,
then it won’t be able to receive any signal as in the normal speech
communication through networks. So using this section we are aiming to
automatically activate our circuitry after a number of rings are heard from
the landline, while the coupling for automation is done using a relay. Here
we have designed such that the DTMF signals will automatically be coupled
to the
 7

Decoding section just after the 6th ring.

Now getting into the detailed analysis, the initial high ring
voltage is coupled to a zener diode circuitry to reduce the voltage level for
protection, at the same time maintaining the enough magnitude for
detection using the opto-coupler. See the details in the circuit diagram.
Whenever a ring occurs a sufficient amount of ring voltage is established
across the inputs of the opto-coupler which causes the internal transistor to
conduct and effectively the output 5th and 4th pin to get short. This results
in an effective coupling of input ring voltage to pass through. Now we will
exploit this signal to use it as a clock signal for the decade counter IC 4017,
which will produce a high logic level at its Q5 pin upon reception of the 6th
ring, which was changed into a quality clock signal. The diode-resistor-
capacitor network along with the NAND gates of the IC 4093 is used to
shape up the irregular voltage signal obtained at the output of the opto-
coupler into a quality clock pulse for the IC 4017. Because of this, as
mentioned earlier, just after the 6th ring the counter 4017 will produce a
high level at the Q5 pin till the next clock occurs. This logic 1 level of Q5 pin
is then used to drive the monostable multivibrator using 555 timer IC
through BC 547 transistor coupling. The monostable multivibrator is
designed for a period of about 60 seconds which is the allotted time for the
operator to control the device using the palm device he has. Thus the
monostable multivibrator will produce logic 1 level for a period of about 60
seconds at its output which is used to drive a relay as shown through
transistor coupling, which will couple a low resistance in between the RING
and the TIP terminals of the landline, resulting in the manifestation of a DC
loop driving the landline from ON HOOK to OFF HOOK preparing the
decoding section for the reliable reception of the signal transmitted from
the mobile phone.
 8

Now, we have to contend with a problem arising from the

past counting of the IC 4017. Suppose a fellow called to our landline and cut
the phone at the 4th or 5th ring. After this if somebody calls again then right
at the first ring the landline will get into the OFF HOOK mode contrary to
our expectation at the 6th ring. How can we avoid this error? To solve this,
what we have with us is only the RESET pin of IC 4017. So the solution is
that we must reset the IC 4017 every time just after once the 6th ring has
occurred or the decoding section is coupled for decoding. So for this we use
the retrigerrable monostable multivibrator using IC 74LS123 commonly
called as the MISS-PULSE-DETECTOR. For this we supply the same clock
pulse of 4017 to the IC74123, which has been designed for a period of more
than twice as long as the duration of a single ring signal, which is about 5
seconds. The out put from the 4th pin of IC 74123, which is the TOGGLED Q
output, is then supplied to the active high RESET pin of IC 4017. Thus this
arrangement will avoid the past counting nature of IC 4017 by resetting it
just after the completion of the 6th ring and the consequent coupling of the
decoding section.

Now that we have effectively coupled the signals from the palm device
to the decoding section, let’s see how the decoding section performs the
decoding function.

DECODING_ SECTION

Refer the circuit diagram of this section….when the 1k resistor is

brought across the RING and TIP terminals the landline also brought to OFF
HOOK mode so that the decoding section is now connected to the
transmitted signal and can receive it.
 9

The input capacitor-zener-resistor network is meant for both the

protection of the DTMF decoder IC 8870 from comparatively higher ring
voltage and the coupling of the signal to the same IC. Based on the
reference DTMF frequencies the DTMF decoder IC 8870 decodes the binary
equivalent of the keys or numbers in the number pad of the transmitting
mobile phones. The decoding scenario of the IC 8870 can be consolidated
as given below.

KEYS Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1

1 Off Off Off On

2 Off Off On Off

3 Off Off On On

4 Off On Off Off

5 Off On Off On

6 Off On On Off

7 Off On On On

8 On Off Off Off

9 On Off Off On

0 On Off On Off

* On Off On On

# On On Off On
 10

A On On Off On

B On On On Off

C On On On On

D Off Off Off Off

The output of the DTMF decoder IC 8870 is binary code, which is then fed
to the binary to decimal decoder IC 74HC154 retrieving the original
transmitted key or number. But the IC 74HC154 has active low output pins.
So these active low outputs are converted to active high ones by passing
them through NOT gates. Note that here we are using only five outputs of
IC 74HC154 to control four devices represented by LEDs as an instance.
Specifically the pins we are using are the 13th pin which produces an active
low corresponding to the code *, the 2nd pin which produces an active low
corresponding to the code 1, the 3rd one for the code 2, the 4th one for the
code 3 and finally the 5th one for the code 4. Thus in the decoding section
we retrieve back the same number or code transmitted from the mobile
phone.

OUT PUT_ SECTION

Refer the circuit diagram of this section….using the converted

active high outputs of the decoding section we are now supposed to
control the TURN OFF and TURN ON of four LEDs. The output
 11

corresponding to the code * from the decoding section is used to trigger a

monostable circuitry in the output section, which is designed to produce a
high pulse at it’s output for a period of about 5 seconds. This high pulse
with the duration of 5 seconds is used to activate the four tristate buffers
i.e. the ICs 74LS126 enabling the coupling of the respective inputs of the
buffers to their respective outputs. Now with in this 5 second duration we
can have our control signals to pass through the buffers and can be used to
control the D flip flops i.e. the ICs 74LS74, which has been set in the
latching mode to get its output toggled upon receiving consequent clock
pulses, thus triggering the turn ON and turn OFF of the devices once the
same code is transmitted for a second time. In a nutshell, the latching mode
operation of D flip flops causes a device to get turn on from off state or vice
versa on reception of the code word. The IC 74LS74 is a positive edge
triggered IC. One of the practical limitation we face here is to create a
positive edge at the clock input of the D flip flop IC, using the isolated pulse
coming through the buffer to its output. If we directly apply the pulse to
the D flip flop to work in the latching mode it won’t work due to the lack of
establishment of the positive edge to its clock input, resulting from the
occurrence of logic 1 level at the clock input of D flip flop right at the time
of biasing or when connected to the power supply. For this purpose to
create a positive edge going from logic 0 level to logic 1 level we pass the
pulse coming out of the buffer through another NOT gate as shown.

Finally, we need to find out a code which we have to

transmit from the mobile phone so that we can establish a well shaped
pulse as clock pulse at the clock input pin of the D flip flop for it to work in
latching mode i.e. to get the LEDs turned on if they were in the off state
and vice versa.
 12

First of all we must activate the buffer in the output section

for the predetermined time by triggering the monostable circuitry there in.
So the first symbol in the code word should be *. Now, we need to transmit
a high level through the activated buffer using another symbol specific to
each of the device represented. From the circuit diagram we can see it can
be 1 for the 1st device, 2 for the second one and so on. Thus by sending
*(ordinal number of the device) we can create a low to high transition at
the out of the buffer. But it’s not yet been a well defined pulse with both
trailing and falling edge. So to get a falling edge we should now send a
symbol other than ordinal number of the device. Let it also be * to have a
convenient code. Now, as we know we use * for triggering the monostable
circuitry in the output section we must not end our code word with *.
Other wise, it will cause the triggering input of the monostable
multivibrator to continue in the logic 1 level even after the specified 5
seconds which in turn forces it not to get triggered for a second time on
pressing * as there lacks the transition from low to high level at it’s
triggering input. Hence we must end our code word with a symbol other
than both * and ordinal number of the device. Let it be 0. Thus, we got the
code word that is to be send for our expected control as * ordinal number
of the device*0. For example, to change the state of first device we have to
send a code-*1*0, for the 2nd one *2*0 etc…

By following the similar logic, it is possible to find some other

formats of code words. For example, the code word * ordinal number of
the device 0 is also seeming to be worthy of.

Thus the whole control procedure can be consolidated as first of

all we need to make a call to the land line, just after the 6th ring it will
automatically get on to the OFF HOOK mode for about 1minutes, during
this time we can control the required devices with code words of specified
format with in the installments of 5 seconds.
 8
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS (SCHEMATICS)

RJ11

M01PTH
JP2

JP1

U$1
1
2
1
2

1
2

1
RING TIP
+5V GND +12V

100uF
+5V

C3
R5
100K
C1

15
14
3

2
1
0.47uF (250V)

74LS123N

IC1A
B
A
CLR
R/C
C
VCC
16 IC1P GND8 GND
+5V GND

Q
ZENER
ZENER. 20V

13
20V

IC3P
VDD
16 VSS8

+5V GND
IC3

IC5P
VDD
14 VSS7 3
R6
1K

Q0
Q1 2
+5V GND 4
1N4148

OPTO Q2
Q3 7
1 6 1 IC5A 5 IC5B 10
Q4
D2

5 3 4 14 CLK Q5 1
2 6 Q6 5
2 4 R3 D4 6
4093N 4093N Q7
1K 1N4148 Q8 9
4N25 13 ENA Q9 11

C2 15
GND 12
1M
10K
R1

100K
R2

R4

RES CO
1uF 4017N

GND

+5V
1K
R9

1K
R10
560K
R11

1N4148

6 5
IC4 K1_DPDT
D5

12
0.1uF

6 TRE VCC+ 8 K1_DPDT

3

4
C7

/RES
T1
1

BC547 7 DIS OUT 3 7 8

R7 0.1uF
CON 5 K1_DPDT
C8
10

1K 2 TRI GND 1
T2
C5 NE555 0.1uF BC547
10K
R8

100uF R12
1K

GND
4
3
2
1
JP3

RING DETECTION _ SECTION

 1N4148 20V ZENER0.47uF (250V)
10K
R1

JP2
D2 ZENER. 20V C1
RJ11

R7
1K
4N25
10K

OPTO
R8

BC547 R6

R5
1K 100K
T1 1 2 3 R9 R2 1K

100K
100uF

R3
C3

1K

C7

0.1uF
1K
R10 IC1
29

D4
1N4148
100uF 560K
R11 1M
R4

74LS123N
C5 IC4
IC5
1uF

NE555
PCB LAYOUTS

0.1uF

4093N
C2
C8

R12
1K
K1_DPDT

BC547
T2 1 2 3

JP3
1N4148 4017N
IC3
U$1

RING DETECTION SECTION_COMPONENT SIDE

D5
M01PTH
 30

RING DETECTION SECTION_SOLDER SIDE

 1K
R1
C3 C2
0.1uF(250V) 0.1uF(250V) 1
2
JP11 JP5
4 4 JP1

R6
3 3

56K
2 2

R7
56K
1 1 ZENER 5.6V
M01PTH
5.6V ZENER.

R2
56K
JP4

R5
56K
R4 R3
M01PTH
68K 47K

JP6

R8
150K
74HCT04N
10 11

IC2E
1
Q1
+5V

3.57MHz

74HCT04N
9

8 9
GND
6
9
4
3
2
1
8
7
18

IC2D
IC3

IN-

GS
IN+

VSS
VSS
VDD

VREF
OSC2
OSC1

DECODING_SECTION
2
CM8870CP

3 74HCT04N 74HC154N
INH
STD
EST
ST/GT

Q4
Q3
Q2
Q1
TOE

4 6 5 17 15 G2 19
5
11

5 16 18
14
13
12
10
15
16
17

14 G1
IC2C 15 13
JP3 14 12 0.1uF
13 11
R13
10K

11 10
330K C1
10
GND

74HCT04N 9 R11
D1
1N4148

9 8
4 3 8 M01PTH
7
7 6
IC2B 6 5
5 R12
4 JP10
4 3 D 20 100K
3 2 C 21
2 22 1
+5V

74HCT04N 1 B
1 0 A 23 2
2 1
GND

JP2
4
3
2
1

IC2A
12 24
GND VCC
GND
+5V

IC1P
JP9
JP8
JP7

M01PTH
M01PTH

7 14
GND VCC

GND
+5V

IC2P
 31

JP4 JP10 0.1uF D1 JP2

JP1 M01PTH M01PTH C1 1N4148

JP6 Q1 IC3 JP8
3.57MHz

R12R11
330K

100K
CM8870CP

M01PTH M01PTH

JP7
R8
10K

150K
R13

JP9
C2 R6 R2
56K 56K
0.1uF(250V) M01PTH
ZENER.

5.6V

47K
R3

74HC154N
IC1
5.6V

ZENER

68K
R4

JP11

74HCT04N
IC2

C3
56K 56K
0.1uF(250V) R7 R5 JP3
R1
1K
JP5

DECODING SECTION_COMPONENT SIDE

 32

DECODING SECTION_SOLDER SIDE

 10K 1K
R9 R8

T5
BC547
1K 74LS74N
6 1

GND
R5 Q CLR 74HC04N 74LS126N
CLK 3
C2 2 1 3 2
D 2
0.1uF 4.7K 5 4 IC2A IC1A
Q PRE

1
1K LED1 R1
IC3A
BC547
R6 T1
R10

GND
100K

C1
2
7
6
+5V

IC5

DIS

NE555

47uF(35V)
74LS74N
8 13 74HC04N 74LS126N

TRI GND
CON
OUT
TRE VCC+
/RES
Q CLR
CLK 11 4 3 6 5

1
5
3
4
8
D 12 IC2B IC1B
4.7K 9 10
4

C3
0.1uF
Q PRE
LED2 R2 1
IC3B 2

1K
R7
BC547 3
T2 4
5
10

JP1
74LS74N
6 1 74HC04N 74LS126N
Q CLR
CLK 3 6 5 8 9

D 2 IC2C IC1C
4.7K 5 4
OUTPUT_SECTION

Q PRE
10

JP3
LED3 R4
4 IC4A

VCC
3 BC547
2 T3
1

74LS74N
8 13 74HC04N 74LS126N
Q CLR
CLK 11 8 9 11 12

D 12 IC2D IC1D
4.7K 9 10
+5V

Q PRE
13

LED4 R3 1
IC4B 2
BC547
T4
GND

JP2
+5V
 33

JP1 JP2

74LS126N
IC1
R8

R5

74HC04N
100K
1K

1K

IC2
1K

R10
R6

C2 74LS74N 74LS74N
NE555

IC3

IC4
T5 1 2 3

R7
0.1uF 1K
R9
10K

IC5
BC547

C1

R1

R2

R4

R3
0.1uF

4.7K

4.7K

4.7K

4.7K
C3
47uF(35V)

T3
T1
BC547

32 1 3 2 1 T2 32 1 3 2 1 T4
JP3 BC547 BC547 BC547

LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4

OUTPUT SECTION_COMPONENT SIDE

 34

OUTPUT SECTION_SOLDER SIDE

 PRI

2
1
TR1

3
4
SEC

230-12VAC
D1 D2
1N4004 1N4004

GND
D4 D3
1N4004 1N4004

M01PTH
11

JP6
M01PTH
+

C2
JP2

470uF
VO
2 1

GND
2

VI
POWER SUPPLY_SECTION

IC2
78L05Z
JP5
3 1
2
GND

C1
0.1uF
JP3
1
2

JP1

1
2

JP4
 35

JP2 JP6 JP5 JP3 JP1 JP4

M01PTH
M01PTH

TR1
D2

D3

VP31
IC2

S1
P1
D1

D4

C2

C1

POWER SUPPLY SECTION_COMPONENT SIDE

 36

POWER SUPPLY SECTION_SOLDER SIDE

 13

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

The Remote Automation using Networks

[RAN] on test performed exceptionally well to its
capability and accuracy. All the inherent parts of the
circuit performed consistently. It helped us to come out
with good judgment. With the features what it inherits, it
seems to be advantageous to the present era.
 14

Final Implementation