SOLUCIONARIO DE LA CUARTA PRÁCTICA DIRIGIDA DE

MATEMÁTICA BÁSICA I

Nota: Los vectores se representan con letra cursiva mayúscula y resaltada, y

sus módulos con letra mayúscula normal.

1. a) (A+B+C).((A-2B+2C)x(4A+B+5C))
(A+B+C).[AxB + 5AxC – 8BxA – 10BxC + 8CxA + 2CxB]
(A+B+C).[ 9AxB – 12BxC – 3AxC]
-12A.(BxC) – 3B.(AxC) + 9C.(AxB)
-12(ABC) + 3(ABC) + 9(ABC) = 0

(A+B+C).((A-2B+2C)x(4A+B+5C)) = 0

b) (A+B).[BX(A+C)]=[ABC]
(A+B).[BxA+BxC]
A[(A+B)XB]+C.[(A+B)xB]
A.[AxB]+C.[AxB] = [ABC]

(A+B).[BX(A+C)]=[ABC]

c) (A-B.[(A-B-C)x(A+2B-C)
(A-B).[2AxB-AxC-BxA+BxC-CxA-2CxB]
(A-B).[3AxB+3BxC]
3[(A-B).(AxB)+(A-B).(BxC)]
3[B.(A-B)xA] + C[(A-B)xB]
3B.(AxB)+3(ABC)

(A-B).[(A-B-C)x(A+2B-C)]=3(ABC)

d) A.(Bx(C+ωA+βB))=[ABC]
A.(Bx(C+ ωA+βB)
A.(BxC+ ωBxA+βAxB)
A.(BxC)+ ωA.(BxA)
(ABC)

A.(Bx(C+ ωA+βB))=(ABC)
 2. VxA=VxB
Vx(A-B)=0 (VAC)=81
=> V // A- B; V=r (A – B)…. (I ) r(A - B).[AxC]=81
rC.((A-B)xA))=81
rC.[-BxA]=81
r(ABC)=81
Como:
rB.(AxC) = V.(AxC)

V=rB

V // B
rB=r(A-B)
rB=rA-rB
2rB=rA => A//B ٨ V // A

3. A=(1,3,-1) ; B=(-2,4,3) ; C=(m+2,m,m-2)

IA.(BxC)I=40

1 3 -1
-2 4 3 = 1[4(m-2)-3m] - 3[-2(m-2)-3(m+2)]+(-1)[-2m+4(m+2)]
m+2 m m-2
m-2+15m+6-2m-8

I14m-2I=40 v 14m-2=-40
m=3 ٨ m = -19/7

4. D (3,4,-3)

n AB = (1,-1,1)
AC = (1,1,1)

B (2,0,2)
(1,1,1) i j k
A ABxAC = 1 -1 1 = (-2,0,2) = n
1 1 1
C (2,2,2)
n = IDEI = I Comp n AD I

IDEI = (2,3,-4) => IDEI = I(2,3,4).(-2,0,2) / 2√2I = I-12/2√2I = 3√2

 5. B (4,2,-4) Sabemos :

AE = AC.AB + AB.AC
E IACI + IABI IACI + IABI
(2,-2,-6)
A AB = (2,4,2) ; IABI = 2√6
AC = (-12,6,-6) ; IACI = 6√6

C (-10,4,-12)

=> AE = 6√6(2,4,2) + 2√6(-12,6,6)

8√6 8√6

AE = ¾(2,4,2) + ¼(-12,6,-6) => AE = (-3/2,4/2,0)

=> IAEI = (3√10)/2

6.
D C

E
M
F

A B

AM = a.AD + b.AB + c.BC

AM = AB + BC/3 + FM

Pero:
FM = ME……………….……1
FM = AD/2 – AM……………2

AM = AB + BC/3 + AD/2 – AM
2AM = AB + BC/3 + AD

=> a + b +c = 5/4
7. B

A C
3 4

BM = r BA + t BC
BM = BC - 4/7AC
BM = BA + 3/7AC
2BM = BC + BA – AC/7
2BM = BC + BA – ( BC – BA ) / 7
2BM = BC – BC/7 + BA/7 + BA
BM = 3BC/7 + 4BA/7

r+t=1

8. B
3
D

A C

AD = mAB + nAC
AD = (5AB + 3AC)/8

AD = 5/8AB + 3/8AC

m+n=1

9. C P D CB = rAP+ tAE
CB = AB – AC
CB = AE + EB - [AP + PC]
CB = AE – AP + EB – PC……. (1)
Pero:
AE + ED = AD + PD……. (2)
DE = EB ٨ PC = DP

AE – DE = AP – DP
AE – AP = DE – DP = EB – PC
En (1)

CB = AE – AP + AE – AP r.t. = - 4
CB = 2AE – 2AP
10. B

M N

A C

Hipótesis: ∆ ABC M ٨N puntos medios

Tesis: MN//AC ٨ IMNI= ½ IACI

AB=2AM => b-a=2(m-a)  m =½(a+b)

Análogamente: BC=2BN=c-b=2(n- b)  n=½(b +c)

Dado que: MN=n-m => MN= ½(b+c) – ½(a+b)
 MN = ½(c-a) => MN =½ AC

=> MN//AC ٨ MN=½IACI

11.
B C Demostración:
Hipótesis: Sea ABCD
M
M punto medio de la diagonal AC
N N punto medio de la diagonal BD

A D

Tesis: Probaremos M = N
En efecto: AM = ½ AC => m – a = ½(c – a)
m = ½(a+c)
Análogamente: BN = ½ BD => n = ½(b+ d)

Por ser ABCD: DC = AB => c – d = b - a

Sumando: a+d a ambos miembros en esta igualdad se tiene:

c-d + (a+d) = b-a + (a+d) => a+c = b+d => ½(a+c) = ½(b+d)

Por lo tanto: m = n esto es M = N

12. a P 3a
B C Si BC= m BG + n AP
Hallar: m - n =?
G
BC = BG + GC ٨ GC = ½ AC
¾ BC = AC – AP Pero: ½ AC = BC - BG
7/4BC = BG – AP + 3/2AC

A D

7/4BC = BG – AP + 3(BC - BG) Pero: BC= mBG + nAP

7/4BC – 3BC = - 2BG – AP 5/4BC= AP + 2BG
-5/4BC= - 2BG+ 4/5AD BC = 8/5BG + 4/5AP

13. a M 3a
B C En el ∆ APD:
3b AP + DP +PA = 0………. (1)
Sea: AP/AM = r ٨ DP/DN = t
N
P DN = 2/5AB – AD; DP = tDN
2b AM = AB + ¼ AD; AP = rAM

A D Reemplazando en 1:

(2/5t – r)AB – (t + ¼ r – 1)AD = 0 => r = 2/5t ٨ t + ¼ r -1 = 0

r = 4/11 ٨ t = 10/11
5b = 110
b = 22 => 2b = 44 => 44 = 11P => P = 4 Como S∆ APD = 10P = 40 u²

14.
B C BC = 4BE
E AF = FC => AF = ½ AC
EF = mAC + nAB
EF = EB + BA +AF
EF = ½ AC – AB - ¼ BC
EF = ½ AC – AB - ¼ (AC – AB)
EF = ¼ AC – AB + ¼ AB
A F D

EF = ¼ AC – ¾ AB => m–n=1