aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx

a\- ns‚
a[pcw

A–p¿dDu^v Akv l cn MA
(Director Media Council under AAMDC
AAMDC)

Ωh~ıG áæj~e áÑ∏£dG á«©ªL

aZo\m aJvZqw ÃpU‚ v Atkm-kn-tb-j≥
cn^mCu akvPnZv Ipdp-h-t¥cn
]n.-H. sNIymSv
aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw
 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw
A–p¿dDu^v Akv l cn MA

{]kn-≤o-I-cWw :
aZo\m aJvZqw
ÃpU‚ v Atkm-kn-tb-j≥
H∂mw ]Xn∏v :
2010 am¿®v
tIm∏n ˛ 3000
ssS∏v sk‰nwKv :
\imØv DTP sk‚¿
9446251793
{]n‚nwKv :
tlm∏kv sF°-c-∏Sn
hnemkw :
aZo\m aJvZqw
ÃpU‚ v Atkm-kn-tb-j≥
cn^mCu akvPnZv Ipdp-h-t¥cn
]n.-H. sNIymSv. ]md-°-Shv
hne ˛ 15 cq]
aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw
 Ah-Xm-cnI

aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δd apAvan\o-ß-fpsS

A`btI{μ- a m- W v . kXy- h n- i zm- k n-
bpsS a\-   n\v a[pcw ]I- c p∂
G‰hpw \√ `uXn-I-hpw Bflo-b-hp-
amb hn`-hamWv. AXmWv "aZo-\X - p¬
ap\- Δ d x a\-   ns‚ a[pcw' F∂
sIm®p IrXn-bn¬ hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-
Xv . hnizm- k n- b psS a\-   n- t e°v
Ipfn¿t°m-cn-s®m-cn-bp∂ Hc-\p-`qXn
Cu ]pkv X Iw hmbn- ° p- t ºmgpw
\n߃°v A\p-`-h-∏Smw. ae-bm-fn-I-
fmb apkvenw kaq-l-Øn\v ap∂n¬
Cu IrXn ka¿∏n®p sIm≈p∂p.

Nnøq¿ A_vZp-dlvam≥ apkvenbm¿

(No^v Aao¿ lk-\nø l÷v {Kq∏v)

3
aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw
 Xmfp-If
- n¬
1. aZo\: a\- ns‚ a[pcw 5
2. ]d-™-dn-bn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ
A\p-`qXn 6
3. aZo\: A\p-cm-KØ - ns‚
A\-iz-cX 8
4. aZo-\b - psS ÿm\w 9
5. G‰hpw t{ijvS-amb aÆv 10
6. aZo-\b- psS t]cp-Iƒ 12
7. aZo\m ld-ans‚ t]mcn-iI - ƒ 13
8. `qan-bnse kz¿§w 14
9. G‰hpw henb {]tXy-IX 15
10. aZo-\sb kvt\ln®v hnP-bn-°pI 16
11. aZo\ tZmjw s]mdp-∏n-°p∂p 17
12. kXy hnizm-k-Øns‚
A`btI{μw 18
13. aZo-\b- psS hnImk]cn-Wm-aß - ƒ 19
14. akvPn-Zp-∂_ - hn 20
15. akvPn-Zp-∂-_-hn-bpsS alXzw 21
16. duf-Øp-»c - o^ ! 22
17. \ap°pw t]mImw
Xncp-k∂ - n-[n-bn-te°v 23
18. Xncp\_n ka£w 26
19. aZo-\-bn¬ {i≤n-t°≠ Imcy-߃ 28
20. aZo-\b- nse kμ¿i\ ÿe-߃ 29
21. aZo\mbpsS
4
aZo\Xp¬ ta∏v
ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw 31
 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx
a\- ns‚ a[pcw
aZo\: F∂ \maw GsXmcp hnizm-kn-tb-bmWv ]pf-
I-a-Wn-bn-°m-Ø-Xv. kXy-hn-izm-knsb kw_-‘n-s®-S-tØmfw
a\- ns\ Benw-K\w sNøp∂ lrZ-bl - m-cn-bmb hN\ {]km-
Z-amWv aZo\ F∂ t]cv t]mepw. apAvan\ns‚ a\ v F∂pw
aZo-\b
- n-em-Wv. hnizm-kn-bpsS lrZ-bX - mfw dufm ico-^p-ambn
sI´p-]n-W™ - p-In-S°
- p-Ib
- m-Wv. hnizm-kn-bpsS lrZbw kv]μn-
°p-∂Xv hnip≤ aZo-\-bn¬ FØm-\p≈ A\n-X-c-km-[m-c-W-
amb A`n\nthi-tØm-sS-bm-Wv.
F∂m¬ ktlm-Zcm; B Xncp aÆnsem∂p Imep-Ip-
Øm≥ `mKyw e`n-®mtem? B ap‰Øv h∂v \n¬°p-∂-Xns‚
A\n¿Δ-N-\o-bX ]d-™-dn-bn-°m≥ km[y-a-√. tI´-Xn-t\-
°mfpw Adn-™-Xn-t\-°mfpw B{K-ln-®-Xn-t\-°mfpw A∏p-
d-ØmWv aZo-\-bpsS aÆpw hnÆpw.
A¬lwZp-en-√mlv, AZZ J¬Jnln
hcnfm \^vknln hkn-\X A¿inln
han-ZmZ Ien-am-Xnln
Rm\o ]hn{X aÆn¬ Imev IpØnb A∂p-ap-X¬ a\-
 ns‚ D≈-dI - f
- n¬ ]pjv]n®p \n¬°p∂ aZo-\sb Ipdn-®p≈
tX\q-dp∂ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ ]I¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ sImXn-°p-∂p.
A\p-cm-K-Øns‚ Xo ]¥-ß-fmbn Hmtcm hnizm-kn-bnepw
t{]m÷z-en-t°≠ aZo-\sb Ipdn-®p≈ HØncn hnti-j-W-
߃ ]¶psh°p-I-bm-Wv. B Xncp ap‰-sØØn ]p∂mc
\_nbpsS NmcØv aXn-hc - p-thmfw \n¬°m≥ \mYm Rßsf
\o A\p-{K-ln-t°-W-ta........ Bao≥.


5 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw
 ]d-™-dn-bn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ
A\p-`qXn
2006 \hw-_¿ 29
Imen-°‰v Fb¿t]m¿´n¬ \n∂pw aZo-\Ø - mWv sN∂n-
d-ßpI F∂-dn-™-Xp apX¬ B\-μ-Øns‚ Ipfncp sIm≠v
a\w XpSn sIm´n-Øp-S-ßn-bn-cp-∂p. Hcm-bncw taml-∏-£n-Iƒ
Ie-]ne Iq´n am\-tØ°v ]d-∂p-b-cp-∂p.
l÷v bm{X-°p≈ Hcp-°-߃ Bcw-`n-®Xp apX¬
aZo-\bpw Xncp dufbpw ]p∂m-c-\-_nbpw a\- nepw ico-c-
Ønepw Ne\ \n›-e-\-ß-fnepw ebn-∏n-°m≥ ]mI-Ønep≈
¢mkp-Iƒ X∂v k÷-cm-°n-bn-´n≠v Rß-fpsS No^v Aao¿
Nnøq¿ DkvXm-Zv.
]cn-ip≤ aZo-\-bpsS A¥-co-£-Øn-eqsS hnam-\w
XmWp ]d-°p-tºmƒ Fs¥m-∂n-√mØ Bth-ihpw A\p-`q-
Xnbpw h∂p s]mXn-™p. IÆp-If- n¬ B\-μØ - ns‚ _mjv]
IW-߃, Bcw-`∏- q-hmb ]p∂mc \_n-bpsS {]Io¿Ø-\ß
- ƒ
\mhn≥ Xpºn¬ Hcm-bncw XhW ]c-s∂m-gp-In.
samss_¬ t^m¨ Hm^v sNøm\pw s_¬‰p-Iƒ
sI´m\pw hnam-\-Øn¬ \n∂v Ft\m≥kvsa‚ v tIƒ°m-sa-
¶nepw AXn-t\-°mƒ D®-Øn-ep≈ kzem-Øpw "bm dkq-e-
√mlv' hnfnbpw lmPn-am-cn¬ h√mØ A\p-`qXn \nd-™p.
B at\m-l-c-amb ]® Jp∫ IÆn¬ sXfn-bp-tºmƒ
tZlw ]pf-I-a-Wnbpw IÆp-Iƒ \ndbpw Np≠p-Iƒ hnXp-
ºpw. tcmam© I©p-I-a-Wn™v Xf¿∂v t]mIpw. ]® Jp∫-
bn¬ \n∂v IsÆ-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bmsX ]n©p-Ip-™ns\ t]mse
hnXp-ºn-°-c-bpw.
]p∂mc \_n-tb........ temI-Øns‚ dlvasØ....... lrZ-
b-Øns‚ XpSn-t∏..... Ic-fns‚ IjvW-ta....... J¬_ns‚
Ipfn¿a-bmb \_ntb....... A -emØp h -emap Asse°

6 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw

bm dkq-e-√m-lv.....
B Xncp-ap-∂n¬, Ahn-SpsØ khn-[Ø
- n¬ FØp-∂Xv
hsc hnizmknbpsS ico-chpw a\ pw ]p∂mc\_n am{X-am-hpw...
Ahn-sS-sb-Ønbmtem ?
A√mlv !
F√mw ad∂v Xncp duf-bn-te°v Ip\n™v apØw
sh®p-t]mIpw. \mw l÷p-bm-{X°p aptº ]Tn®p ioen®
kem- a n- s ‚bpw kzemØn- s ‚bpw {]mkhpw tIm¿hbpw
sX‰pw. lrZb Xmfw sX‰pw.
h√mØ A\p-`q-Xn-bmWv aZo\:
]d-™-dn-bn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ A\p-`q-Xn. aZo-\-bnse
Hmtcm NphSpsh∏nepw ImWp-∂-sX√mw A\p-cmKw ]I-cp-∂-
Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ImcWw aZo-\b
- n-emWv ]p∂mc \_n-bp-≈X
- v. Xncp
duf-bn¬ lbm-tØmsS \ΩpsS A`n-hm-Z-\-Øn\v adp-]Sn ]d-
™p-sIm≠v \ΩpsS s]m°p-h-c-hp-Iƒ {i≤n-®psIm≠v
\ΩpsS sXm´p-ap-ºn-ep≠v \_nh.
AXv sIm≠v Xs∂ kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ C°m-cy-Øn¬
{i≤n-°m≥ th≠n Camw \hhn i¿lp¬ Cufm-ln¬
{]tXyIw ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.
Xncpduf-bn-te-°-Sp-°p-tºmƒ hgn-bn-en-d-ßn Ipfn®v
ip≤n-bmbn \√ hkv{Xw [cn®v kpK‘w ]qiWw. aZo-\-
bpsS ÿm\hpw hen-∏hpw a\- n¬ \ncq-]n-°-Ww, Zp\n-
bm-hnse G‰hpw t{ijvS-amb ÿe-ß-fn-sem-∂m-Wn-sX∂v
Btem-Nn-°-Ww.
BZym-hk- m\w hsc \_nh sb Ipdn®p≈ BZ-chpw
`‡nbpw a\- n¬ \nd-°-Ww. ]p∂mc \_nsb IÆn¬
ImWp∂Xv t]mse hnNm-cn-s°-Ww. (ìÉ° jE’G ìô°T)


7 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw

 aZo\: A\p-cm-K-Øns‚
A\-iz-cX
aZo-\-Xp¬ ap\-Δdx A\p-cm-K-Øns‚ A\-iz-c-X-bn-
te°v \sΩ Iq´n-sIm-≠p-t]mIpw. Hcp {]hm-NI t{]an°v
Xncp\_nh bpsS h^mØn\v tijw Ahn-St- Øm-Sp≈ lp∫v
G‰hpw A[nIw {]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂Xv Xncp-duf knbm-
dØv sNøp-∂-Xn-eq-sS-bm-Wv.
hnizm- k n- b psS a\-   n¬ \nd™p Xpfp- º p∂
CivJns‚ then-tb-‰-Øn¬ Bizm-k-Øns‚ Ic-°-W-nbm≥
Ahn-SpsØ Xncpk-∂n-[n-bn-te°v sN√p-I-b-√msX hnizmkn
F¥p-sNøpw? CivJns‚ ImWm-Np-gn-If - n¬ Dg-ep-tºm-sgms°
hnßn-s∏m-´p∂ lrZ-bsØ Xtem-Sm≥ Ahns‚ krjvSnPme-
ß-fn¬ Xncp-du-f-b-√msX as‰-¥p-≠v.?
aZo-\-Xp¬ ap\-Δdx km¥z-\-Øns‚ im¥-k-ap-{Z-am-
Wv. Bizm-k-Øns‚ Xtem-S-em-Wv. A\p-{K-l-Øns‚ Benw-
- m-Wv. Xncp\_n-h bpsS dufsb e£yw sh®p≈ hchv
K-\a
]Xn-\mev \q‰m-≠mbn Ahn-cmaw XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv. ]p∂mc
\_nh bpsS ImeØpw h^m-Øn\v tijhpw {]hmNI
t{]an-Iƒ hebw sNømsX aZo-\-bpsS Hcp \nan-ihpw IS-
∂p-t]m-bn-´n-√. Hcp t\Xm-hns‚ hn{ia ÿeØpw C{X-b[ - nIw
Xo¿∞m-S-I¿ HgpIn FØn-bn-´n-√.
aZo-\-bn¬ Hcp Xp≈n IÆp-\o¿ hogvØmsX Hcp
hnizm- k n°pw aZo- \ - b n¬ \n∂v aS- ß n- t ∏m- c m≥ km[y- a - √ .
Xncpdufbn¬ hnXp- º n- ° - c - b mØ Bcp- a n- √ . AW- s ∏m´n
Hgp- I p∂ If- ¶ - c - l n- X - a mb kvt\l- [ m- c - b n¬ aZo\
IpXn¿∂p \n¬°p-∂-Xmbn \ap°v ImWmw. X߃ ImWp-
Itbm tIƒ°p- I tbm sNømØ A\p- c m- K - ] p- j v ] - Ø n\p
th≠n tImSm- \ p- t ImSn IÆp- \ o¿ IW- ß ƒ AhnsS
AS¿∂p hogp-∂p.

8 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw
 aZo-\-bpsS ÿm\w
temI-Øp≈ F√m ÿeßsf-°mfpw ÿm\-ap-≈Xv
a°bpw aZo-\-bp-am-sW-∂-Xn¬ ]£m-¥-c-an-√. Ch c≠n¬
\n∂pw aZo-\-°mWv ]Zhn IqSp-X-ep≈Xv F∂v Da¿ _v\p
JØm_v, A_vZp-√mln _v\p Da¿, amenIv _v\p A\kv
XpS-ßn-b-h¿ ]d-bp-∂p.
\_nh bpsS lpPvdØ - p-˛i - c
- o^ A√mØ aZo-\b- nse
a‰p ÿe-ßs - f-°mƒ a°-°mWv t]mcn-ib - p-≈Xv F∂ Imcy-
Ønepw ]finXtemIw GIm`n-{]m-b-°m-cm-Wv.
\_nh X߃ InS-°p∂ ÿm\-Øn-\mWv IA-_-
sb-°mƒ ]Zhn F∂-Xn¬ CPvam-Av Ds≠∂v Jmfn Cbmfv
A`n- { ]m- b - s ∏- ´ n- ´ p- ≠ v . A¿in- t \- ° mƒ t]mcni \_nh
XßfpsS InS-∏p-ÿm-\-Øn-\p-s≠∂v XmPp-≤o-\p- p_vIn
tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb A`n-{]mbw ImWmw. Ahns‚ krjvSn-Pm-e-
ß- f n¬ AXyp- ∂ X ÿm\ap≈ dkq¬ InS- ° p- ∂ - b nSw
Xs∂bm-Wt√m G‰hpw t]mcn-ib - p≈ ÿe-hpw. Ahn-SsØ
BZ-c-hns‚ h¿tWm-÷z-e-X-bnemWv temI-Øn\v ka¿∏n-°-
∏-´n-´p-≈X- v.
apkvl^p≠m-bn-cns° AXns‚ Ae-amd t]mepw
hpfqAv C√msX sXmSm≥ ]mSn-s√-∂mWv \nbaw. apkvl^v
AI-Øp≠v F∂-XmWv "sXmSm≥ ]mSn√' F∂ \nb-aØ - n\v
ImcWw. AXp-t]mse Aivd^ - p¬ J¬Jv InS-°p∂ aÆn\pw
BZ-chv hcp∂p F∂v Camw k¿°-in hnhcn°p-∂Xv ImWmw.
C_v\p lP¿ hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv ImWp-I. IA-
_m-e-b-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp≈ a° al-Xz-ap-≈XmsW-∂-Xn¬
X¿°-an-√. ]p∂mc\_nbpw Ahn-SpsØ J_¿ ico^pw
\ne- s Im- ≈ p∂ aZo\ IAv _ b- S - ß p∂ a°- s b- ° mfpw
ss_Øp¬ aAvaqdn-t\-°mfpw a‰v {]]-©-Øn-ep≈ k¿Δ
hkv X p- ° - s f- ° mfpw al- Ø m- b - X m- W v aZo\: F∂- X n¬
CPv a m- A v BWv . (ìÉ° jE ’ G á«°TÉM)

9 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw
 G‰hpw t{ijvS-amb aÆv
]p∂mc\_nh bpsS ]qta\n sXm´p-cpΩn \n¬°p∂
]pWyaÆv AJne temI-ß-fnse kIe hkvXp-°sf°mfpw
_lp-aXn h∂pt]mbn. AXv sIm≠mWv {]hm-NI - m-\p-cm-Kn-Iƒ
B aÆn¬ sNcp-∏n-SmsX \S-°m≥ Imc-Ww. B ]pWy `qan
ImcWw aZo\ am{X-a√ `qan apg-s°bpw ]hn-{X-ambnØo¿∂p.
a‰v {Klßfpw A\-¥-tImSn \£-{X-ßfpw `qansb t\m°n
Akq-bs - ∏-Sp-Ib
- m-Wv.
GsXm-cm-sfbpw ad-am-S-s∏´ ÿeØp\n∂mWv B
a\p-jys\ krjvSn-°m\p≈ asÆ-Sp-Øn-´p-≈Xv F∂v Xncp-h-
cp-fp-≠v. Hcn-°¬ Xncp-\_nh Hcp J_dns‚ Nmc-Øp IqSn
\S-∂p-t]mbn At∂cw Ahn-Sp∂v tNmZn®p""CXm-cpsS J_-
dmWv''. Btcm adp-]Sn ]d-™p ""CsXmcp A_vko-\n-b-°m-
scs‚ J_-dm-Wv'' At∏mƒ \_nh X߃ ]d™p ""em
Ceml C√-√mlv, Abm-fpsS `qanaÆn¬ \n∂pw BIm-i-
Øns‚ Nph-´n¬ \n∂pw Abmsf krjvSn-°-s∏´ aÆn-te°v
Xs∂ \bn-°-s∏-´t√m'' (ºcÉ◊G ΩÉeEÓd ∑Q~à°ùŸG)
Xncp\_nh sb ]S-°s - ∏´ aÆn-emWv Ahn-Sp∂v InS-
°p-∂X
- v. AXn-\m¬ alXzw IqSp-Xep≈Xv Cu aÆn-\m-sW∂v
hy‡-am-sW-t√m.
C_v \ p¬ Pukn Xs‚ "h^m- C ¬' IAv _ p¬
Alv_m¿ \n∂v \nth-Z\w sNøp-∂p. A ]p∂mc \_nhsb
krjv S n- ° m≥ Xocp- a m- \ n- ® - t ∏mƒ Pn_v c o¬ t\mSv
Xncp\_nh InS-°p∂ ÿm\Øv (lpPvd ico-^n¬) \n∂v
Hcp ]nSn shfpØ aÆv sIm≠p-h-cm≥ I¬∏n-®p. ]ns∂
AXns\ Xkv\ow Pew sIm≠v Igp-I-s∏-´p. kz¿§-Øn-eqsS
Hgp-Ip∂ Acp-hn-I-fn¬ ap°n-sb-Sp-Øp. BImi `pan-I-fn-
se√mw AXp- a mbn Np‰n k©- c n- ° m≥ I¬∏n- ° - s ∏- ´ p.
At∂cw Xs∂ ]p∂mc\_nXß-sfbpw Ahn-SpsØ al-
Xzhpw ae-°p-Iƒ°v a\- n-embn. (…Rƒ÷G øHE’ ÉaƒdG)

10 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw

 X_v d m\o Camw Xs‚ I_o- d n¬ dm^n C_v \ p
JZoPv\n∂v \nth-Z\w sNøp∂ as‰mcp dnt∏m¿´v ImWp-I. ""
aZo\ a°-sb-°mƒ t{ijvSa- m-Wv.'' ( ÊGÈ£dG )
aZo-\b
- psS aÆv tcmKia-\Ø - n\p ]‰nb aÆm-W.v in^m-
bpsS aÆm-Wv. ]s£ AXn\p th≠n aÆv ]pdØv sIm≠p-
t]mhp∂-Xn¬ ]fin-X∑ - m¿ `n∂m-`n-{]m-bØ
- nem-W.v sIm≠p-s]m-
Im≥ ]mSn-s√-∂m-Wv {]_-ew. AXp-t]mse B aÆn¬ hnf™
Imc-°bpw hfsc ]pWy-ap-≈Xpw in^-bp-≈X - p-am-Wv. kzlo-
lmb lZo-kp-If - n¬ CXv hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.
"APvhm' F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-bs - ∏-Sp∂ Imc-°°p am{X-
ap≈ {]tXy-IX - b
- √
- . aZo-\b
- nse APvh°v hfsc t]mcn-ib- p-
≠v. B Imc° Xn∂p∂h\v knlvd,v \©v Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ H∂pw
- n-√ F∂v \_nh X߃ ]d-™n-´p-≠v. ( º∏°ùe)
_m[n-°p-Ib
aZo-\b
- n¬ \n∂v Xncn®v t]mIp-tºmƒ aZo-\b
- nse km[-
߃ IpSpw-_Ø - n\v sIm≠p-hc- ¬ kp∂-Øp-≠v. CXmImw aZo-
\-bn¬ \n∂v Imc°bpw a°-bn¬ \n∂v kwkwsh≈hpw
sIm≠p-h-cp∂Xns‚ ]m›m-X-ew.
]p∂mc \_nh InS-°p∂ aÆns‚ kpK‘w Ip≠q¿
DkvXm-Zns‚ hcn-I-fn¬.
É¡¡Ñ°T º°T øà ≈≤∏f ’h πãà iôf ’h ≈∏MCGh ≈∏ZCG ¬àHôJh
É¡Ñ«£H ÜGÎdG º°T øe Rƒa É«a Éæ«ÑæH â∏Z º¶YCG Éà º¶YÉa
a[p-cnXw Aaqeyw AXp-eyamw aÆv
XØp-ey-am-b-Xns\ apØn-b-h-\mcv ?
al-Øcw \ΩpsS \_n ImcWw AXv
Aaq-ey-ambv B aÆn¬ kpK‘w
apØn aW-Ø-h¿°v Fs¥mcp hnPbw
(Kco_v \hm-kv)

11 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw
 aZo-\-bpsS t]cp-Iƒ
aZo\ F∂]Z-Øn\v ]´Ww F∂mWv A¿∞w. aZo-
\°v Hcp-]mSv t]cp-I-fp-≠v. t]cp-I-fpsS B[nIyw Hcp
hkvXphns‚ ÿm\-sØbpw al-Xz-sØbpw Ipdn-°p-a-t√m.
Camw AZvhn Xs‚ _peq-Kp¬ ak¿dm-Øn¬ ssiJv lman
kmZ-hn¬ \n∂v aZo-\-bpsS sXmÆqdv t]cp-I-ƒ D≤-cn-°p-
∂p-≠v. Camw iodmkn {]am-Wßfn¬ \n∂v NnI-™-SpØ
aZo-\-bpsS Nne t]cp-Iƒ hnh-cn-°mw.
bkvcn_v, A¿fp-√m-ln, A¿fp¬ lnPvd, AIm-eØ
- p¬
_p¬Zm≥, AIm-e-Øp¬ Jpd A¬ Cuam≥, A¬ _m¿d,
A¬ _pssl-d, A¬ _lo-d, A¬ _emXzv, A¬ _e-Zv,
ss_Øp¿d-kq¬, Pko-d-Øp¬ Ad-_v, A¬ P∂-Øp¬
lkzo\, A¬ l_o-_, A¬ ldw, ldapdkq-en-√m-lv, A¬
Pm_n-d, Pm_m-cn, P∫m-d, lk-\, A¬ ssJd, A±m¿, Zmdp¬
A_vdm¿, Zmdp¬ Cuam≥, Zmdp- p-∂, Zmdp- -em-a, Zmdp¬
^Xvlv, Zmdp¬ lnPvd, ZmXp¬ lPv¿, ZmXp¬ lndm¬, in^-
b, Xzmlm, ssXz_, A¬ Bkzn-a, A¬ AZvdm-Av, A¬
A¿dm-Av, A¬ Adq-fv, A¬ K¿dm-fv, Ke-_, A¬ ^mfn-A,
A¬ Jmkn-a, XzmCu i_v-D-_m-_v,
A¬ aZo-\, A¬ aIo-\, A¬ aPv_q-d, A¬ ap^n-
b, A∂m-ln-b, A_vemfv, A∂lvdv, A¬ lZvd-Av, Jp∫-
Øp¬ Ckvemw, J¿b-Øp¬ A≥km¿, A¬ ap_m-d-I,
J¬_p¬ Cuam≥, A¬ apAvan\, A¬ al-∫, A¬ apl-
∫, A¬ al-_q-_..... (AÉaƒdG AÉah)
XpSßn \qdp-°-W-°n\v \ma-߃ D≤-cn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v.
Cu t]cp-I-sfms° aZo-\-°p-h-∂-Xns‚ ]m›m-Xew hni-Zo-
I-cn®p sIm≠v Camw kpwlqZn Xs‚ h^m-D¬ h^mC¬
khn-kvXcw {]Xn-_m-[n-®n-´p-≠v.
bkvcn_v F∂ \maw \_nh X߃ am‰n-bn-cp-∂p.
B t]cv hnfn-°¬ Idm-lØ
- m-sW∂v as‰m-cn-SØv kpwlqZn
12 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw
]d-bp-∂p-≠v. A_q bAvehpw, Alv aZvhpw km£y-s∏-
Sp-Øp∂ lZokv ImWp-I. ""aZo-\sb Bsc-¶nepw bkvcn_v
F∂v hnfn-®m¬ Ah≥ ]m]-tam-N\w tXSn-s°m-≈s
- ´.'' AXn\v
"\io-I-cWw' F∂ A¿∞w [z\n-bp-≈-XmImw Imc-W-sa∂v
A\p-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

aZo\m ld-ans‚
˛ t]mcn-i-Iƒ ˛
krjvSn Pme-ß-fn¬ A atlm-∂X BZ-c-hp-Iƒ
\¬Inb Xncp-\_nh bpambn _‘-s∏-´ ÿe-߃°pw
hkvXp-°ƒ°pw Xs∂-bm-IW - a
- t√m G‰hpw al-Xz-hpw. a°m
{]tZiw ld-am-°-s∏-´Xv t]mse aZo\m ap\-Δd ({]tim-`nX
\Kcw) bpw kXy-hn-izm-kn-bpsS hnip≤ ld-am-Wv. \_nh
]d-bp-∂Xv ImWpI.
""A√m-lpth C_vdmlow \_n-bn-eqsS a°m {]tZ-
isØ \o ld-am°n. Rm\nXm aZo-\sb ld-ambn {]Jym-]n-
°p-∂p. AXn¬ th´ arK-ßfpw hr£-ßfpw \in-∏n-°-s∏-S-
cp-Xv.'' ( ~ªMCG ΩÉeE’G)



13 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw

 `qan-bnse kz¿§w
{]]-©Ø - n-sem-cn-SØ
- p-an-√m-Ø Hcp hnti-jWw aZo-\-
°p-≠.v "`qan-bnse kz¿§-tØm∏v' \_nh ]d-™p. Fs‚ J_-
dns‚bpw Fs‚ anº-dn-s‚bpw CS-bn-ep≈ ÿew kz¿§-tØm-
∏p-If
- n¬ \n∂p≈ Hcp tXm∏m-Ip-∂p. CXns\ hni-Zo-Ic - n-®p-
sIm≠v alm-\mb C_v\p lP¿ aq∂v hni-Zo-Ic - W
- ß
- ƒ
\¬Ip-∂Xv ImWp-I.
H∂v:˛ Cu ÿeØv \nkvI-cn-®h\v kz¿§-ap-≠v. ldw
ico-^n¬ \n∂v Hcp dIv-AØv \nkvI-cn-®m¬ AXn\v kz¿§w
Xcm-sa∂v ]d-™n-´n-√t√m. Aßs\ hcp-tºmƒ AXn-t\-°mƒ
hepXv Xs∂bmW-t√m.
c≠v:˛ Cu ÿew kz¿§-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-
Wv. `qan-bnse Hcp IjvWw kz¿§-Øn-ep-s≠-¶n¬ AXv aZo-\-
bnse duf F∂ ÿe-am-Wv. Cßs\ Hcp hnti-jWap≈
Hcp ÿew aZo-\-b-√msXbn-√.
aq∂v:˛ Cu kvYew Ct∏mƒ Xs∂ kz¿§-Øn\p t\sc
ÿnXn sNøp-∂p. kXy-hn-izm-knsb tcmam©w sIm≈n-°p∂
A¿∞-am-Wn-Xv Xcp-∂-Xv. (4/100 …QÉÑdG íàa)
kz¿§-Øn¬ IS-∂p-sh∂v ]d-bm≥ am{Xw al-Xz-s∏-Sp-
Ønb h√mØ Hcp ÿe-am-Wn-X.v kz¿§n\p t\sc aZo-\b
- nse
Xncp duf-b√
- msX `qan-bn¬ as‰m-cn-Sa
- pt≠m ?
Cu ÿe-Øn\v C{X-am{Xw al-Xz-ap-≠m-Im-\p≈
ImcWw hni-Zo-I-cn®p sIm≠v Camw bqkp-^p-∂-_vlm\n
]d-™p. ""dkq-ep-√mlnh bpsS Im¬]mZw C{X-bpw s]cp-
am-dnb Hcp ÿe-an√ F∂-Xm-Wv.''


14 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw
 G‰hpw henb {]tXy-IX
Aivd-^p¬ J¬Jv dkq¬h bpsS J_vdp»co^v.
GXv `qan°v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-\p≠v Cu {]tXy-I-X ?. \_nh
bpsS J_vdp-»-co^n\p aqI-fnend-ßp∂ A{Xbpw ae-°p-
Iƒ as‰mcp ka-£-Ønepw Cd-ßp-∂n-√. F∂v ]e alm-c-
Y-∑mcpw DW¿Øn-bn-´p-≠v.
F√m {]`m-X-Ønepw Fgp-]-Xn-\m-bncw ae-°p-Iƒ
Ahn-SsØ Xncp-k-hn-[-Øn¬ Cd-ßn-h∂v kzem-Øp-Iƒ
\n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂p. A`n-hm-Zy-߃ A¿∏n-°p-∂p. {]tZm-j-am-
bm¬ Ah¿ Ibdnt∏mhp-Ibpw as‰mcp Fgp-]-Xn-\m-bncw
Cd-ßp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ( »eQGO ~æ°ùe 1/44)
]p∂mc\_nh Xma- k n- ® p- c p∂ lpPv d - b n- e mWv
Ahn-SpsØ J_vd p»-c o-^v ÿnXn sNøp-∂ - X v . F∂v apºv
hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. \mep-h-i-ßfpw ]nØ-f-°-´n-bm-ep≈
Npa¿ sIm≠v ad- ° - s ∏- ´ n- c n- ° p- I - b m- W v .
AhnsS aq∂v J_-dp-Iƒ ÿnXn sNøp-∂p-≠v. aZo-
\-bn¬ \n∂v sX°p-`m-K-am-Wt√m Jn_ve. Jn_vebpsS `mK-
ØqsS Xncp lfvd-Øn-te°v sN√p-tºmƒ BZyw \_n- h
bpsS J_vdpw A¬]w ]n∂n-embn A_q-_-°¿ kz±oJv
s‚ J_vdpw Ah-cpsS ]nd-In¬ Xncp-\_nh bpsS Im¬]m-
Z-Øn\p t\cnSpw hn[w Da¿ s‚ J_vdpw ImWmw.
\mep`mKhpw sI´n-bn-´p≈ ]nØ-f Nph-cn¬ BZyw
Hcp Zzmcw ImWmw. AXv Ign- ™ m¬ ImWp∂ A¬]w
henb Zzmcw ]p∂m-c\_n-h bpsS apJ-tØmS`nap-J-ambn
hcp∂ Zzmc- a m- W v. ]n∂oSv ImWp- ∂ Xv kzn±o- J p¬
AIv _ ¿ hns‚ apJ- Ø n\p t\scbpw sXm´- S p- Ø Xv
Da¿ hns‚ apJ- Ø n\v t\sc- b p- ≈ - X p- a m- W v .

15 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw
 aZo-\sb kvt\ln®v
hnP-bn-°pI
apºp-Im-eØv aZo-\-bnse Imem-hÿ A{X kpJ-I-c-
am-bn-cp-∂n-√. ~s °n TnGC hr GCn ásμen ÉnæÑu ë
o cn ánæjp~ªn dr G Énæ«r dn GEp Ö
r Ñu M
n ºs ¡o ∏dG (a-°sb R߃
kvt\ln®Xp t]mse AXn-ep-]cnbmbn aZo-\sb kvt\ln-
°m≥ A√m-lpth \o Rßsf XpW-t°-W-ta...) F∂ Xncp-
Zq-X-cpsS {]m¿∞-\-bpsS ^e-ambn aZo-\-bpsS A¥-co£w
kpJ-I-c-amb Ah-ÿ-bn-te°v amdn.
A_q kCu-Zn¬ JpZvcnøv s‚ kao-]t- Ø°v kCu-
Zp¬ alvcn h∂p sIm≠p aZo-\-bnse {]bm-k-ßfpw Xs‚
k¥m-\-ßf\p-`-hn-°p∂ hnj-a-X-Ifpw hnh-cn®p At∂cw
A_q kCu-Zn¬ JpZvcnøv ]d-™p. "\o aZo-\-bn¬ \n∂v
t]mhp-∂Xv Rm≥ A\p-Iq-en-°n-√. \_nh X߃ Cßs\
]d-bp-∂Xv Rm≥tI-´n-´p-≠v.' ""aZo-\b - nse IjvS∏ - m-Snepw hnj-
a-Ønepw ]nSp-®p-\n¬°p-∂h - ¿ Btcm Ah¿°v A¥y\mfn¬
Rm≥ ip]m¿j-I\pw km£nbpw Bbn-cn°pw'' ( º∏°ùe )
aZo-\-bnse Hcp hnjak‘n-bn¬ C_v\p Da-dns‚
NmcØv h∂v Xs‚ Hcp `rXy ]d™p "ChnsS kln-°m≥
]‰p-∂n-√. F\n-s°m∂p ho´n¬ t]mI-Ww.' C_v\p Da¿
]d-™p. "AXp-th≠ CXv aZo-\-bmWv F√mw kln-t®mfq
Cu ÿew hn´v \o Ftßm´pt]m-Im≥ A¥y\mfn¬ \_n
bpsS i^m-AØv sNøm\pw km£n-bmbn hcm\pw \o B{K-
ln-°p-∂n-t√. ?'( …òeôJ , ÉC Wƒe , º∏°ùe )
aZo- \ - ° m¿°v Ah- c psS a‰p KpWw sIm≠√
aZo\m\nhm-kn-Iƒ Bb-Xns‚ t]cn¬ Hcp {]tXy-I in]m¿i
e`n-°p-sa∂v Cam-ap-Iƒ {]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≠v.
aZo-\-bnse F√m hkvXp-°ƒ°tfbpw BZ-c-thm-Sp-
IqSnb√msX Hcp {]hm-NI - k- vt\ln°p ImWm≥ Ign-bn-√. aZo-
\-bnse Imc-°bpw CuØ-∏\ - bpw t\m°q AXv ]p∂mc\_n
hmb-bn-en´ Imc-°-bpsS Ipcp-hn¬ \n∂v hf¿∂p h∂-Xm-
16 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw
Imw. ]p∂mc\_nbpsS hpfq-Cs‚ _m°n sh≈-Øn¬ \n∂pw
apf®p s]m¥n-b-Xm-Imw.
H´-Iß
- sf t\m°q. dkq¬ k©-cn® Afv_m-Av F∂
H´-IØ
- ns‚ k¥m-\ß - f- mImw. ]¿Δ-Xß
- fpw ac-ßfpw aW¬
Xcn-Iƒ t]mepw BZ-c-hn¬ \ns∂m-gn-hm°m≥ Ign-bn-√.
]p∂mc\_n°v A`n-hm-Zy-߃ A¿∏n-°mØ H∂pw Xs∂
A∂v Cs√∂v alm-∑m¿ ]d-bp∂p. F√m-‰n-t\mSpw BZ-chv
sh°p∂Xv hnizm-knsb B\-μn-∏n-°p-∂p.

aZo\ tZmjw
s]mdp-∏n-°p∂p
A hn\v G‰hpw CjvS-s∏´ krjvSn ]p∂mc\_n-bm-
W-t√m. \_nh X߃°v G‰hpw CjvS-s∏´ ÿew aZo-\-
bpw. kXy-hn-izmkn aZo-\sb kvt\ln-°p-∂Xv Ahnt\mSpw
dkq-en-t\mSpap≈ CjvSw sIm≠m-Wv. Cu Hcp kvt\l
hnImcw sIm≠pXs∂ Ahs‚ sX‰p-Ip-‰-߃ s]mdp-∏n-°-
s∏-Sp-sa∂pw aZo\ tZmjsØ IgpIn hrØn-bm-°p-sa∂pw
a\- n-em-°m-hp-∂X
- m-Wv.
\_nh ]d-™p. ""a\p-jy¿s°mcp Imew hcm-\n-cn-
°p-∂p. Xs‚ Iq´p-Ip-Spw-_-ß-sftbm, Iq´p-Im-c-t\tbm
hnfn®p sIm≠v Hcp bphmhv ]dbpw. hcq \ap°v kpJn-°mw,
\ap°v kpJn°mw F∂v. A∂v aZo-\-bm-W-h¿°p-Ø-aw. aZo-
\-tb-°mƒ \∑ IcpXn Hcmfpw t]mtI-≠-Xn-√. AhnsS
\n∂m¬ Ah\v \∑-Iƒ h¿≤n-∏n°pw. \nß-f-dn-bWw aZo\
Xpcpºp If-bp∂ hkvXp t]mse-bm-Wv. AXv Ccp-ºns‚
Xpcpºv \o°p-∂Xv t]mse A¥y\m-fn¬ hnj-a-ßsf \o°n
ip≤-am-°p-sa∂pw sh≈nsb Xnf-°-am¿∂-Xm°pw t]mse
aZo\ a\pjy a\- ns\ Xnf-°-ap-≈-Xm-°pw.'' ( º∏°ùeh …QÉîÑdG )

17 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw
 kXy hnizm-k-Øns‚
A`btI{μw
kXy-hn-izm-kn-IfpsS lrZbw Ft∏mgpw Xncp ka-
£sØ sImXn-°p-∂X - m-Wv. hnizmknØns‚ {]`htI{μw aZo-
\-bm-bXv t]mse A`-b-ÿm-\hpw AhnsS Xs∂-bm-sW∂v
Xncp\_nh hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv ImWp-I.""\n›bw kXy-hn-
izmkw aZo-\-bn-te°v A`bw {]m]n°p∂Xm-Wv. ]mºv
AXns‚ amf-Øn-te°v A`bw sIm≈p-∂Xv t]mse'' (…QÉîÑdG)
-AXp-t]mseØs∂ aZo-\m-ap-\-Δ-d°v A {]tXyIw
kwc-£W߃ hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-´p-≠v. \_nh X߃
Xs∂ ]d™p. ""hn\m-iI - mcn Z÷m¬ a°-bnepw aZo-\b - nepw
Nhn-´p-I-bn-√.'' ( º∏°ùeh …QÉîÑdG )
AXp-t]mse ac-WØ - ns‚ hym]m-cn-bm-hp∂ amdm-hym-
[n-Iƒ aZo\map-\Δ - d- b- n¬ D≠m-hp-∂X - √- . \_nh ]d™p. ""aZo-
\-bpsS AXn¿Øn-If - n¬ Imh¬°mcmb aem-C° - Ø - p≠v πmKpw
Z÷mepw Atßm´p {]th-in-°p-Ib - n-√.'' ( º∏°ùeh …QÉîÑdG )
aZo\m\n-hm-kn-Iƒ°v Hcn-°¬ ISpØ £maw A\p-
`-h-s∏-´p. Ah¿ Bbnim(d) t\mSv thh-emXn {]I-Sn-∏n-®p.
At∏mƒ Bbni _ohn ]d-™p. \n߃ \_nh Xß-fpsS
J_-dn-\S- p-tØ°v sN√p-I, F∂n´v duf-bn¬ \n∂v apI-fn-te°v
Hcp Zzmc-an-Sp-I. Ah-c-ßs\ sNbvXp. ag s]bvXp. ]cn-k-c-
߃ lcn-Xm-`-ambn, H´-I-߃ XSn®p sImgpØp. Aßs\
B h¿j-Øn\v t£ah¿jw F∂v t]cp-In-´n.(…Rƒ÷G øHG , ≈aƒdG)
C_v\p Iko¿ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ as‰mcp kw`hw
ImWp-I. DXp_n ]d-™p. Rm≥ \_nh bpsS J_-dp-»-
co- ^ ns‚ NmcØv Ccn- ° p- I - b m- b n- c p- ∂ p. At∂cw Hcp
AAvdm_n h∂v kemw sNm√n, \_n-tb... Ahn-SpsØ ASp-
°¬ h∂m¬ A√mlp am∏p-X-cp-sa∂v Jp¿-B-\nep≠t√m
AXn-\m¬ Aßsb sIm≠p Rm≥ ip]m¿i tXSp-∂psh∂v
]d™v Hcp ss_Øv sNm√n.
18 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw
 AAv d m_n t]mIp- t ºm- t g°v Rm\- h nsS Dd- ß n-
t∏mbncp∂p. Dd- ° - Ø n¬ Rm≥ \_nh sb I≠p.
AAvdm_n°v A am∏v sNbvXp sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂p F∂v ]d-
bm≥ ]p∂m-c-\_nh Ft∂mSv ]d-™p. ( Òãc øHG Ò°ùØJ 1/520)
Camw \hhnhpw C_v\p JpZm-ahpw Cu kw`hw
km£y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.



aZo-\-bpsS hnImk]cn-Wm-a-߃
kDuZn Atd-_y-bpsS hS-°p-]-Sn-™m-dmbn kap-{Z-
\n-c∏
- n¬ \n∂pw 625 ao‰¿ Db-cØ
- n¬ ÿnXnsNøp∂ hnip≤
aZo-\-bn-te°v a°-bn¬ \n∂pw 447 Intem-ao-‰-tdmfw hgn-Zq-c-
ap-≠v. aZo-\-bpsS hnkvXo¿Æw 50 Intem-ao-‰¿ BIp-∂p. Hcp
{]tXyI Xcw I√p-I-fm¬ \n_nUamb aZo\bpsS Ing°pw
]Sn-™mdpw "A¬ l¿d i - ¿Jnø', "A¬ l¿d K¿_nø' F∂
t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.
sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb ae-\n-c-I-ƒ \mep-`m-KØpw
ImWmw. AXn¬ {]ap-J-amWv DlvZv ae. akvPn-Zp-∂-_-hn-bn¬
\n∂v DlvZv ae-bn-te°v 5 Intem-ao-‰¿ Zqc-ap-≠v. DlvZv aesb
{]Io¿Øn-®p-sIm≠v As‚ dkq¬ [mcmfw ]d-™n-´p-≠v. Hcn-
°¬ DlvZv ]¿ΔXw Nq≠n-°m-Wn®p sIm≠v ]d™p ""\sΩ
kvt\ln-°p∂ ae-bm-WnXv AXns\ \mapw kvt\ln°p-∂p.''
aZo\ apºv Adn-bs - ∏-´n-cp-∂Xv bkvcn_v F∂ \ma-Øn-
em-W.v \_nh bpw kzlm-_n-amcpw a°-bn¬ \n∂v Atßm´v
]mem-b\w sNøp-Ibpw AhnsS {]Ya CkvemanI km{amPyw
ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXt- ∏mƒ AXv aZo-\Øp dkq¬ Bbn-
Øo¿∂p. A¬ aZo-\Ø - p¬ ap\-Δd F∂ hnip≤ \ma-Øn-em-
Wn-∂Xv Adn-bs - ∏-Sp-∂X- .v

19 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw

 ]s£ ae-bm-fn-Iƒ s]mXpsh BZ-c-hns‚ hni-b-
Øn¬ hfsc ]n∂n-em-sW∂ ZpxJ kXyw A\p-`h km£y-
am-Wv. temI-apkvenwIƒ Cu hnip≤ \K-c-ßsf a°-Xp¬
apI-d-ax F∂pw aZo-\-Xp¬ ap\-Δdx F∂pw BZ-c-thmsS D]-
tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ tIc-f-°m¿ aZo\ F∂pw a°-sb∂pw am{X-
amWv D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≈-Xv.


akvPn-Zp-∂-_hn
lnPvdb - psS thf-bn¬ \_nh bpw kzlm-_n-amcpw
aZo-\b
- n-se-Ønbt∏mƒ H´Iw ap´v IpØnb ÿe-ØmWv Ahn-
Sp∂v, CkvemanI cmjv{S-Øns‚ tI{μ-ambn akvPnZp-∂_ - hn
ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xv. ]≈n-bpsS Npa¿ CjvSn-Ibpw XqWp-Iƒ
CuØ-∏-\-bpw ta¬∏pc CuØ-∏-\-bpsS a´-ep-am-bn-cp-∂p.
]mbtbm hncnt∏m C√mØ aÆn-em-bn-cp-∂p. \nkvImcw \n¿Δ-
ln-®n-cp-∂X- v. CuØ-∏\ Ip‰n-bm-bn-cp∂p A∂sØ anlvdm-_v.
Bfp-Iƒ h¿≤n-°m≥ XpSßnbt∏mƒ lnPvd-bpsS
Ggmw h¿jw ]≈n- A¬∏w hnI-kn-∏n-®p. F´mw h¿jw ]≈n-
bn¬ aq∂v ]Sn-If - p≈ anº¿ ÿm]n-°s∏-´p. lnPvdb
- psS ]Xn-
t\gmw h¿jw Da¿ BWv akvPn-Zp-∂_ - hn ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWw
\S-Øn-b-Xv. ]≈n-bn¬ ]mb hncn-°p-∂Xpw A∂m-bn-cp-∂p.
]n∂oSv lnPvd29 ¬ Jeo^m Dkvam≥ s‚ ImeØpw
tijw Da-hnø `c-W-Im-eØv heoZv _v\p A_vZp¬ aen-
°ns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Ønepw akvPn-Zp-∂-_hn hnI-kn-∏n®p. ]≈n-
bpsS \mev`mKØpw an\m-c-߃ ]Wn-XXpw A±-l-am-Wv.
]n∂oSv A∫m-knøm Ime-L´- Ø - n¬ alvZn am{Xta ]≈n hnI-
kn-∏n-s®m-≈q. AXv lnPvd 165 ¬ Bbn-cp-∂p. lnPvd 888 ¬
kp¬Øm≥ JmbvXp-_m-bpsS Ime-ØmWXv. lnPvd 1277 ¬
kp¬Øm≥ A_vZp¬ aPoZv 12 h¿jw \o≠p \n¬°p∂
hn]p-eo-I-cW {Inb-I-ƒ sNbvXp.
20 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw
 lnPvd 1372 (1926)¬ kDuZn `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ ÿm]-
I-\mb aenIv A_vZp¬ Akokv a°bpw aZo-\bpw Dƒs∏-
sS-bp≈ lnPm-kns‚ `c-W-ta-‰-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ Bcw`n® hn]p-
eo-I-cW{]h¿Ø-\-߃ aI≥ kDu-Zns‚ Imew hsc°pw
\o≠p-\n-∂p.
lnPvd 1414 (1994) ¬ aen°v ^l-Zns‚ hn]p-eo-I-cWw
Ncn-{X-Ønse G‰hpw _rl-Øm-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ]≈n-bnepw
]≈n°v Np‰p-ap≈ am¿_nƒ ]Xn® Xd-bnepw 650000 t]¿°v
Htc-ka - bØv \nkvIc - n-°m\p≈ ]mI-Øn¬ kuI-cy-߃ \S-
∂n-´p-≠v. \mev an\m-c-߃ D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv C∂v ]Øm-Wv. 72
ao‰-dmWv Hmtcm-∂n-s‚bpw Db-cw.
hmbp k©m-c-Øn\v b{¥-h¬Ir-X-ambn Xpd-°m\pw
AS-°m\pw km[n-°p∂ 27 Jp∫-Ifpw apI-fn-te°v Ib-
dphm\pw Cd-ßp-hm\pw \mev Fen-th-‰d- p-Iƒ (sshZypX Hmt´m-
am-‰nIv tImWn-Iƒ), A√mØ tImWn-Iƒ ]Xn-t\-sg-Æ-ap-≠v.
Bbn-c° - W- °
- n\v tSmbvse-‰p-Iƒ, hpfp sNøm-\p≈ Sm∏p-Iƒ,
Ch-sb√mw ]≈n°v ]pd-Ømbn A≠¿ {Ku≠n-emWv kwhn-
[m-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ( IQƒæŸG áæj~e ïjQÉJ )


akvPn-Zp-∂-_-hn-bpsS alXzw
a°-bnse akvPn-Zp¬ ldmw Ign-™m¬ G‰hpw
t{ijvS-amb ]≈n akvPn-Zp-∂-_-hn-bm-Wv. \_nh ]d-™p.
""Fs‚ Cu ]≈n-bn¬ sh®v \nkvI-cn-°p-∂Xv akvPn-Zp¬
ldma√mØ ]≈n-bn¬ sh®v Bbncw XhW \nkvI-cn-°p-
∂-Xn\v Xpey-am-Wv.'' ( º∏°ùŸG , …QÉîÑdG )
as‰mcp Xncp-h-cpƒ ImWp-I. ""Hcmƒ Hcp hJvXpw
]mgm-°msX ]q¿Æ-amb 40 hJvXv \nkvImcw Fs‚ ]≈n-
bn¬ sh®v \nkvI-cn-®m¬ \cI in£-bn¬ \n∂pw I]S

21 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw

hnizm-k-Øn¬ \n∂pw c£-{]m-]n-®-Xmbn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-
Xm-Wv.'' ( ÊGÈ£dG , ~ªMC’G )
dufm ico^v F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ÿew Cu ]≈n-
bn- e m- W v . ]p∂mc- \ - _ n- h bpsS J_-dp-»-co-^n\pw Ahn-
SsØ anº-dn\pw CS-°p≈ ÿe-am-Wn-Xv. {]tXyIw {i≤n-
°m≥ Cu ÿm\Øv ImWp∂ 19 XqWp- I ƒ°v s]bv ‚ -
Sn®p th¿Xn-cn-®p-´p-≠v.

duf-Øp-»-co^ !
duf-tbmSv tN¿∂p \n¬°p∂ hoSmWv Bbni _ohn-
bp-tS-Xv. AXn-emWv ]p∂mc\_nh sb-bpw A_q-_-°¿
kzn±oJv, Da¿ s\bpw J_-d-S-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xv F∂v apºv ]d-
™n-cp-∂p-ht√m. A_q-_-°¿ kzn±oJv Xs‚ Iq´p-Im-c-\m-
bn-cp∂ ]p∂m-c\ - _nh bpsS kao-]Øp Xs∂ ad-am-Ss - ∏Sm≥
aIƒ Bbn-i-tbmSv B{Klw {]I-Sn-∏n°p-Ibpw Ah-c-Xn\v
A\p-aXnsImSp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
i{Xp-hns‚ Ipt؉v Cu temI-tØmSv hnS-]-d-bm≥
t\cw Da¿ Xs‚ Ccp Iq´p-Im-cpsS AcnsI A¥y-hn-{iaw
sIm≈m-\p≈ A`n-emjw tXSn Bbni _ohn-(d)bpsS ASp-
tØ°v Bsf hn´p. Bbni _ohn (d) Da¿ hn\pw
kao]ÿm\w A\p-h-Zn®p sImSp-Øp. Aß-s\-bmWv aq∂v
J_-dp-Iƒ Bbni _ohn-(d)bpsS ho´n-em-b-Xv.
\_nh bpsS ]hn{X icocw aZo- \ - b n¬ \n∂v
tamjvSn®p sIm≠p-t]m-Im≥ A©p-X-hW {ia-߃ \S-∂n-
´p-≠v. (ÉaƒdG AÉah 648˛654, ∞jô°ûdG »ÑædG ~é°ùe IÒ°S)
knbm-dØ - n\v hcp∂ hnizm-kn-If - psS Xnc°v \nb-{¥n-
°m\pw Bh-iy-amb \n¿t±-i-߃ \¬Im\pw hf-≠n-b¿am-
cpw, t]meo-kp-Imcpw J_¿i-co-^n-t\m-S-SpØ Ãm‚n\p apI-
fn¬ ImWm≥ Ignbpw.
22 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw
 ]p∂m-c-\_nh bpsS J_-dp-»-co-^n-\-SpØv ZpB
sNøm≥ t]mepw apºv A\p-hm-Za
- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. AhnsS IS-
∂p-Iq-Snb XuloZpw in¿°pw kw_-‘n® sX‰mb hmZ-ß-
fn¬ hniz-kn-°p∂, km{am-Py-Øns‚ IogneI-s∏-´p-t]mbn
F∂ ZpxJw apkvenw temIw Ime-ß-fmbn thZ-\-tbmsS ISn-
®n-d-°p∂p. F∂m¬ CubnsS kuZocmPmhv Xncp-\-_n-bpsS
khn-[-Øn¬ h∂v ssI Db¿Øn ZpB sNøp-∂ cwKw
am[yaßfn¬ I≠-t∏mƒ h√mØ Bizmkw tXm∂n.


\ap°pw t]mImw
Xncp-k-∂n-[n-bn-te°v
""RΩ-s°m∂v t]mtbm-°t√''
aZo-\-bn¬ knbm-dØv t]mIp-∂-Xns\ Ipdn®mWv Ip≠q-cp--
kvXmZv ]d-bp-∂Xv. AZ-_n-√msX tIdn-s®-√m≥ ]‰n-√. AXn\v
am\-kn-I-ambn Iptd Xøm-sd-Sp-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. AsX, Fs‚
tami-Ø-c-߃ \_nh ImWnt√ ? Rm\-ßs\ AhnsS
t]mhm-\m-Wv. ? \_n-h bpsS JZvdn-t\mSv X´n®v t\m°p-tºmƒ
Rm≥ shdpw ]qPyw!. t_Pmdv Acn-®p-I-b-dp-∂p. Imen\v
Xf¿®, Rc-ºp-Iƒ°v hen-hv, CS°v H∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Iptd
kzemØv sNm√-Ww, aZvlv ]mS-Ww, Xf¿® am‰n am\- n-I-
ambn Du¿÷w ssIh-cn-°W - w, F¶nte B Xncp lfvdØ - n¬
\n¬°m-\m-hq, Cß-s\-bmWv B A\p-cmKn lpPvd-bn-te°v
t]mhp-∂X - v.
Ak-dns‚ ka-b-Øm-Wv. \√ Xnc-°p-≠v. R߃
_m_p em-an-eqsS {]th-in-®p. Aen _mJhn Hm¿°p∂p,
P\-߃ Cd-ßp∂ hgn-bmWv R߃ Ib-dm≥ ImØv \n¬°p-
∂-Xv. apXzΔ kΩ-Xn-®p. ]≈n-bn¬ IS∂p c≠v dIv-AØv
\nkvI-cn-®p. ]≈n-bn¬ Ccn-°p-tºmƒ ssiJp\ Fs‚
ImXn¬ a{¥n-°p∂p,
23 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw
 "BZn AabvØv' F∂ ]m´v sNm√n-Ø-cptam ?
AhnsS t]meo-kp-≠v, ]´m-fhpw ]mcm-hmcw IWs°
]c∂v InS-°p∂ P\-ß-fpw. ]s£ A\p-cm-Kn°v IÆp-I-fn-
√t√m. ]cn-kc t_m[w \jvS-s∏´v {]hm-N-I-\n¬ ebn® Hcp
Bin-Jn¬ \n∂v AØcw Bhiy߃ IuXp-II - c- a
- √
- . Rm≥
sas√ Ahn-SpsØ ImXp-If- n¬ sNm√n-s°m-Sp-Øp.

BZn AssasØ \qdp-≈mlv

AlvaZv \_n-bn¬ kz√-≈mlv
Aivd-^p¬ J¬Jv \_n-bp-≈mlv
BZ-c-hmb dkq-ep-≈mlv

_Zvdnepw Gdnb tim` \_n

_ohn Ban\ Xs‚ kz_n
he-Zp¬ Aao-\mbv h∂\_n
Ba∂m _n dkq-en-√mlv

]ns∂ D®-Øn¬ Hcp Ic-®n-em-bn-cp-∂p.

(Ip-≠q¿ DkvXmZv, sX∂n-¥y-bpsS Kco_v \hm-kv)
at\m-l-c-amb ]® Jp∫sb Ipdn®v Ip≠q¿ DkvXmZv ]mSnb
lrZblmcn-bmb hcn-Iƒ {i≤n-°p-I.
™FÉL ÊEG QÉàıG á°VhQ Éj
™LGQ ÊE G h »æjhQ ¿É°û£Y
≈Ø£°üŸG QGƒL øe ™eÉ£ŸG ∂«a
≈ah ≈aGh øe ÚØJ ∂«∏Y ≈æKCG
Xncp dufm..... hni-°p-∂p, Zmln-°p-∂p,
F\n°v IpSn-\o¿ Xcq
Rm≥ aS-°-Øn-emWv
24 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw
 Xncp kmao]yw ImcWw, F≥
taml-ß-sfm-s°bpw \n∂n-em-Ws{X
\n\°v ]pI-gvN. Idm¿ Gs‰-Sp-Ø-h¿°v
\o ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂p.
]® Jp∫°v awKfw t\¿∂v sIm≠v ]mSnb Ip≠q¿
DkvXmZns‚ hcn-Iƒ C∂v GXv Bin-Jn-s‚ Np≠nepw hncn-
bp-∂Xv ImWmw.

øp «r æn «r ©n dr G In ôs bo - πn ªn L
r GCn - øp «r fn ƒr μn dr G ~p «u °n S áp Ñs bo Ap Gnô°r  nîdr G áp Ñs ≤o ∏r dp ÉkgGnh
]® Jp∫°v awK-f-߃
Ccp-tem-I-ß-fp-sSbpw t\Xm-hns‚ Jp∫
AXn t{ijvS¿ I¨Ip-fn¿a



25 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw

 Xncp\_n ka£w
CS-ap-dn-bmsX hnizm-kn-Iƒ HgnIn FØp-I-bmWv
]p∂mc\_n-bpsS NmcØv h∂v \n¬°m\p≈ D¬I-S-amb
B{K-l-tØmsS, ]m›mXy ]uckvXy tZi-ß-fn¬ \n∂v
B{^n-°≥ ImSp-I-fn¬ \n∂v Atd-_y-bpsS hc≠ `qan-bn¬
\n∂v {[ph{]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \n∂v...
CXm B Xncp-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ \mw \n¬°p-I-bm-Wv.
]p∂mc\_nhbpsS PohnX ImeØv \mw A∂v aZo-
\-bn¬ ImWm≥ t]mhp-tºmƒ Fs¥ms° acym-Z-Iƒ ]men-
t°-≠-Xpt≠m AsX√mw ]men-®n-cn-°Ww. i_vZ-ap-b¿Ø-cp-
Xv. Ahn-SpsØ khn-[Ø - n¬ D®-Øn¬ kwkm-cn-°c
- pXv F∂v
A Xs∂ i‡-ambn hne-°n-bn-´p-s≠∂ Nn¥ ad-°-cp-Xv.
Aßs\ kwkm-cn-®m¬ k¿Δ \∑-Ifpw C√m-Xm-bn-t∏m-Ip-
sa∂v Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂p.
\_n-hbpsS ]≈n-b¬ \n∂v, D®-Øn¬ kwkm-cn-°p-
∂Xv tI´-t∏mƒ Da¿ Ah-tcmSv tZiy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ""\_n
bpsS ka-£Ø - n¬ sh®v i_vZa
- p-b¿Ønb \n߃ A\y\m´p-
Im-cm-bn-t∏mbn A√-¶n¬ Rm≥ \n߃° in£ hn[n-t®s\''
F∂v Kuc-h-tØmsS Xm°nXpsNbvX kw`hw kzoImcy
tbmKy-ambn h∂n-´p-≠v.
Bbn-i-_ohn (d), Xncp-\-_n-hbpsS ]Xv\namcn¬
Bcp-tStbm ho´n¬ \n∂v BWn Xd-°p∂ i_vZw tI´-t∏mƒ
Ah¿ i‡-ambn shdp∏v {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw \_nhbpsS
k∂n-[n-bn¬ sh®v i_vZ-ap-≠m-°p-∂Xv Bcm-sW∂v At]-
£n-°m≥ Bsf ]d-™b - °
- pIbpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. Ahn-SsØ
Xncp- k - a - £ - Ø n¬ \n∂pw Hcm- \ - h - i yIfnbpw ]mSn√.
AhnsSbp≈-t∏m-sg√mw Ahn-SpsØ lfvd-Øn¬ \nkvIm-c-
tijw kemw sNm√¬ ]Xn-hm-°p-I.
kemw ]d-bp-∂-Xns‚ DØ-a-amb Nne `mK-߃.
26 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw
 ∫o ƒo°SsôdGnh Ë o ôp μn dr G »ÑædG Én¡jt GCn ∂n «r ∏n Yn Ωo Ós°ùdG
. ¬o Jo Éncôn Hn hn ¬p ∏dG áo ªn M r Qn hn ºo «pMôs dG ± o hohD ôs dG ºo «p¶©n dr G
Ωo Ón °s ùdGnh Io Én∏°s üdG
.p¬∏q dG ∫n ƒo°SnQ Énj Énææp «o Yr GCn In ôs bo hn ÉnæÑn «pÑM n hn Énf~n «u °n S Én j ∂n «r ∏n Yn
¬p ∏s dG ∫n ƒo°SnQ Énj ∂n «r ∏n Yn Ωo Ón °s ùdG
¬p ∏s dG »s Ñp fn Énj ∂n «r ∏n Yn Ωo Ón °s ùdG
¬p ∏s dG In Òn N p Énj ∂n «r ∏n Yn Ωo Ón °s ùdG
¬p ∏s dG ≥p ∏r N n ôn «r N n Én j ∂n «r ∏n Yn Ωo Ón °s ùdG
¬p ∏s dG Ö n «pÑM n Én j ∂n «r ∏n Yn Ωo Ón °s ùdG
¬p ∏s dG Ú n ep GC Énj ∂n «r ∏n Yn Ωo Ón °s ùdG
Òp°ûnH Énj ∂n «r ∏n Yn Ωo Ón °s ùdG
ôjpòfn Énj ∂n «r ∏n Yn Ωo Ón °s ùdG
ôpgÉnW Éj ∂n «r ∏n Yn Ωo Óq°ùdG
¬n Wn Éj ∂n «r ∏n Yn Ωo Ón °s ùdG
ánªM r ôs dG »u Ñp fn Énj ∂n «r ∏n Yn Ωo Ós°ùdG
áse’Co G »u Ñp fn Éj ∂n «r ∏n Yn Ωo Ós°ùdG
27 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw
 aZo-\-bn¬ {i≤n-t°≠
Imcy-߃
1. akvPn-Zp-∂_
- h
- n-bn¬ FØn-bm¬ duf-bpsS `mKØv ÿew
]nSn-°p-I.
2. aZo-\-bn¬ D≈-t∏m-sg√mw F√m Pam-A-Ønepw H∂mw
XIv_o¿ apX¬ ]¶p-sIm-≈p-I.
3. aZo-\-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-t∂cw ]p∂m-c-\-_n°v CjvS-an-√mØ
Hcp-Im-cyhpw sNøm-Xn-cn-°p-I.
4. CAvXnIm^v A[n-Ic- n-∏n-°p-Ibpw AXym-hi
- y-߃°-√msX
]pdØv t]mhm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.
5. \_n-hbpsS Xncp-k-a£w ]n∂n-embnhcp∂ cq]-Øn¬
\nkvI-cn-°p-Itbm Ccn-°p-Itbm sNøm-Xn-cn-°p-I.
6. aZo-\b- nse th´arK-ßsf \in-∏n-°p-Itbm sNSntbm at‰m
ac-tam apdn-°epw aÆpw I√pw ]pdØv sIm≠p-t]m-Iepw ]mSn-
√m-ØX - m-Wv.
7. aZo-\-bn¬ sh®v kp∂-Øp-t\m-ºp-Iƒ A[n-I-cn-∏n-°p-I.
Jp¿-B≥ JXw Xo¿°p-I. kzem-Øp-Iƒ h¿≤n-∏n-°p-I.
8. akvPnZp∂-_-hn-bn¬ Ahn-SpsØ {]nb-Iq-´p-Im¿°v kemw
A[n-Ic - n-∏n-°p-I.
9. aZo-\-bn¬ sh®p-≠m-hp∂ {]bm-k-߃ £an-°p-I. Ah
{]I-S-am-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I.
10. aZo-\-°msc BZ-cn-°p-I.


28 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw
 aZo-\-bnse kμ¿i\
ÿe-߃
aZo-\b- nse Hmtcm Xcnbpw Ncn-{X-Øns‚ emf-\t- b‰pd-
ß∂ ]pWy`qan-bm-sW∂p \mw I≠p. AXn-hnsS hni-Zo-I-cn-
°m-s\m-cp-ßn-bm¬ Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v t]Pp-Iƒ C\nbpw
th≠n-h-cpw. kqN-\-I-fn-eqsS Hsc-Øn-t\m´w \S-Ømw.
P∂-Øp¬ _Jo-Av
akvPnZp-∂_
- h
- n-bpsS Ing-°p-`m-KØv ]≈n-bpsS J_-
dp-ÿm≥ t]mse hfsc ASp-Ømbn ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p. ]Xn-
\m-bn-ct- Ømfw kzlm-_n-amcpsS J_-dnSw Chn-sS-bm-Wv. F√m
Znh-khpw CXv kμ¿in-°¬ kp∂-Øm-Wv.
DlvZv ]¿ΔXw
akvPn-Zp-∂-_hnbn¬ \n∂v GI-tZiw 5 Intem-ao-‰¿
Zqc-ap-≠v. "aivlZv lwk' F∂ t]cn-em-W-dn-b-s∏-Sp-I. \_n
hHcn-°¬ ]d™p ""DlvZv ]¿ΔXw \mw AXn-s\bpw AXv
\sΩbpw kvt\ln-°p-∂p.'' (~ªMCG …òeôJ …QÉîH)
""\n›bw DlvZv ]¿ΔXw kz¿§-Ih
- m-Sß
- f
- n¬ H∂ns‚
Nmc-Øp-≠mhpw''(»≤¡«H)
NphsS ]d-bp-∂-h-sb√mw {][m\ tI{μ-ß-fm-Wv.
akvPn-Zp¬ J_m, akvPn-Zp¬ Jn_vessX\n, akvPnZp ^X-
lv, akvPn-Zp¬ Kam-a, akvPn-Zp¬ Ppan-A, akvPn-Zp¬ CPm-
_, akvPn-Zp A_q Zdn¬ K^m-cn, akvPn-Zp¬ _Kve, akvPn-
Zp¬ Zp¬lp-sse-^, akvPn-Zp¬ ^fo-Jv, akvPn-Zp¬ aKvk-e,
akvPn-Zp¬ AJo-Jv, akvPn-Zp¬ aivd-_Øn DΩn C_vdm-low.
_Zvdv ipl-Zm-Av
aZo-\-bnse {][m\ knbm-dØv tI{μ-ß-fn¬ H∂mWv

29 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw

_Zvcoß-fpsS aJv_-d. _Zv¿ ipl-Zm-°-fpsS auenZv Ign-
°mØ apAvan\o- ß - f n- √ . AtXm- X p- t ºm- s g√mw
AhnsSsbØm≥ sImXn-°p∂ hnizm-kn-Iƒ, Ah-cpsS
XncplfvdØ - n¬ sN∂v knbm-dØv \SØp∂Xv {]tXyI A\p-
`p-Xn- Xs∂-bm-Wv.
aZo-\-bn¬ \n∂v GI-tZiw 200 Intem-ao-¿ hgn-Zq-c-ap-
≠v. ]cn-Nbkº-∂-cmb Aao-dp-amsc kao-]n-®m¬ AhnsS
t]mIm≥ Ffp-∏-am-Wv. _Zv¿ ipl-Zm-°-fn¬ ]Xn-\m-en¬ ]Xn-
aq-∂v t]cpw ChnsSbmWv ad-s]´v InS-°p-∂-Xv.
C\nbpw [mcmfw kμ¿i\ ÿe-߃ aZo-\-bn-ep-≠v.
A B ]pWy`qan-bn¬ FØm-\p≈ ku`mKyw \¬In A\p-
{K-ln-°-s´. Bao≥



30 aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw

 ôμH »HCG ´QÉ°T
~¡a ∂∏ŸG ´QÉ°T

31
aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw
 cN-bn-Xm-hns‚ IrXn-Iƒ

1. IYbpw Imcyhpw,
Adn-™n-cn-t°≠ CkvemanI hn[n-Iƒ
2. ssIø-£-c-ß-fn-eqsS kz`mhw Xncn-®-dn-b¬,
{Kmt^m-fPn
3. Bcw`dkq¬h
hnkva-b-ß-fpsS tim`\ Nn{X-߃
4. apkv enans‚ hnPb am¿§w
5. \nkvImcw
efn-Xw, B[n-Im-cnIw
6. Icp-W-bpsS \nemhv
7. hnip≤ da-fzm≥
8. Xncp\_nhbpsS
apAvPnk-Øp-Iƒ
9. I¿Ω-ß-fn-te°p Xpd∂ hmXn¬
10. {]Im-iIw
11. aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx
a\- ns‚ a[pcw
aZo\Xp¬ ap\-Δdx a\- ns‚ a[pcw