PRACTICA DIRIGIDA Nº 1

→ →
1. El vector V = (3,2) es el vector localizado del segmento AB cuyo punto medio es

→
c = (3,1). Hallar las coordenadas de los extremos AB

•
→ → • b1 – a1 =3
V = AB
Y
→ a1 + b1 = 3
V =B–A
2 b1 = 9
= (3,2) →

B = (b1, b2) V = (b1, b2) – (a1, a2) 9

b1 =
(22)= (b1 – a1, b2 – a2) 2
C = (3,1)
B
⇒ b1 – a1 = 3 b2 – a2 = 2 3
x
a1 =
A = (a1, a2) 2
→ →
• AC = CB • b2 – a2
C–A=B–C a2 + b2 = 2
(3,1) – (a1, a2) = (b1, b2) – (3,1) 2b2 = 4
(3 - a1, 1 – a2) = (b1 – 3, b2 - 1 ) b2 = 2
⇒ a - a1 = b1 – 3 1 - a2 = b2 – 1 a2 = 0
a1 + b1 = 6 a2 + b2 = 2 3  9 
∴ A =  ,0  A =  ,2 
2  2 
→ →
2. V = (7, - 6) es el vector localizado del segmento AB y c = (5/3, 3) el punto de

trisección mas cercano de B de dicho segmento. Hallar las coordenadas de A y B.

•
→ → • b1 – a1 = 7
V = AB
a1 + b1 = 5
A (a1, a2) Y →
V =B–A
3 b1 = 12
→
5  V = (b1, b2) – (a1, a2) b1 = 4
C  ,3 
 3 B (b 1, b2) (7, -6) = (b1 – a1, b2 – a2) a1 = -3
B ⇒ b1 – a1 = 7 b2 – a2 = -6 • b2 – a2 = -6
x → → a2 + b2 = 9
= (7,-6) • AC = CB
3b2 = 3
C – A = 2(B – C )
b2 = 1
3C = 2B + A
a2 = 7
5
3   = 2(b1, b2) – (a1, a2) ∴ A = (−3,7) B = (4,1)
 3
(5,9) = (2b1 – a1, 2b2 – a2)
⇒ 2b1 – a1 = 5 2b2 – a2 = 9
 → →
3. Sea el vector a = OP cuyo componente horizontal es x3 y componente vertical es 6

→ → → →
– x. hallar a si ab = (9 x 4 – y3, y) y a = b

•
→ →
• Primer caso: x = 2
a = b
→ 3
(32, 6 - x) = (9xy – y3,y) a = (x ,6 - x)
Y
P (x3, 6 - x) ⇒ x3 = 9 xy − y 3 ∧ 6 − x = y =(8,4)
∴→
a
→
• 6–x=y
a
X+y=6
• Segundo caso: x = 4
• 2
X = 9xy – y 3
→ 3
x
3 3 a = (x , 6 - x)
x + y = 9xy
∴→ = (64,2)
6 (x2 – 2xy + y2) = 9xy a
Y 6 (x - y)2 + 6xy = 9xy
B (3xy, y3,y)
6 (x-y)2 = 3xy
→
b Xy = 8
⇒ x = {2;4} y = {4;2}

→ →
4. Hallar un vector V cuya magnitud es igual a la del vector OB = (4, - 3 ) y cuyo

→
ángulo es la misma que del vector OC = (1, - 3)

•
→
• Como x > 0, y < 0
OB = (4,-3)
⇒ ϑ ∈ IVQ
Y →
OB = (4) + (−3) 2 2

ϑ
ϑ ϑ = 360º −α
→ ϑ = 360º −60º
OB = 5
X ϑ = 300º
→ →
• V = OB →
→
5 5 
• V = V = , 3
2 2 
→
C (1, ) ⇒ V =5

Y
• tan α =
X
 − 3
Y tan α =
1

ϑ tan α = 3
X α = 60º

→
V

→
5. si V = (x,y) cuya norma es b & y = 3 x. hallar dicho vector

a)

•
→
• Primer caso: x = 3
V =(x,y)
→
→
V = (x, 3x )
V =6
∴ V→ = (3, 3 3 )
Y= 3x
• Segundo Caso
→
• V = (x,y) →
V = (x, 3x )
→
V = (x 2 x ) ∴ V→ = (-3, -3 3 )
→
V = x 2 + 3x 2

6 = 4x 2
36 = 4 x 2
x = ±3

→
b) Hallar un vector unitario en la dirección del vector V de norma 17, que tiene su

punto inicial en (3, 12) y punto Terminal tiene ordenada 3.

•
→ →
• Primer caso: b, = 11
V = AB
→
→
V = (b1 – 3, 15)
V =B–A
→ ∴ V→ = (8,15)
V = (b1,3) – (3, -12)
→ • Segundo caso: b1 – 3, 15)
V = (b1,3, 15)
→
V = (b1 – 3,15)
 Y →
∴ V→ = (-8,15)
• V = 17
B (b1, 3)
→
V (b1 ,3) 2 + 115) 2 = 17
(b1 − 3) 2 + 225 = 289
X
(b1 - 3)2 = 64
b1 – 3 = ± 8
⇒ b1 = {11;−5}
A (3,-12)

6. El segmento de una recta limitada por los puntos A = (-1, 8, 3), B = (9, -7, -2) esta
dividido en 5 partes iguales por los puntos C, D, E, F. hallar las coordenadas de
dichos puntos.
→ → → →
• FB = 4 AF • DB = 2 ED
Z
B – F = 4(F - A) B – D = 2 (D - E)
A (-1,8,3)
5F = 4A + B 3D = 2E + B
F
5F = 4(-1,8,3) + (9,-7,-2) 3D = 2(3,2,1) + (9,-7,-2)
E 5F = (5,25,10) 3D = (15,-3,0)
D Y
•
→ → ∴ D = (5,-1,0)
C BB = 3 FE
B (9,-7,-2) B – E = 3(E - F)
→ →
4E = 3F + B • DC = CB
X
4E = 3(1,5,2) + (9,-7,-2) C–D=B–C
4E = (12,8,4) 2C = B + D
∴ E = (3,2,1) 2C = B + D
2C = (9,-7,-2) + (5,-1,0)
2C = (14,-8,-2)
∴ C = (7,-4,-1)
→ → → →
7. En un paralelogramo ABCD se designa AB = a , AD = b expresar en términos de

→ → → → → →
a y b los vectores MA , MB , MC , MD donde M es punto de intersección de las
diagonales
 → → → → → → →
• a + b = 2 MA = 0 • a + b = 2 MC
B C
→ → → → →
2 MA = − a − b ∴ MC = − a + b
→
→ M
2
a → → →
 a+ b 
∴ MA = − → → →
 2  • b − a = 2 MD
 
A 8. → D los
demostrar que → →

∴ MD = − b − a
→ → → →
b • a − b = 2 MB
puntos A = (6,3,4), B = 2
→ →
(2,1, -2) y C = (4, - 1,
∴ MB = a − Mb
→

10) son vértices de un 2

triangulo isósceles.
→ →
• AB = B − A • BC = C − B
→ →
Z AB = (2,1,-2) – (6,3,4) BC = (4,−1,10) − (2,1,−2)
→ →
AB = (-4,-2,-6) BC = (2,−2,12)
C (6,-1,10)
→ →
⇒ AB = (−4) 2 + (−2) 2 + (−6) 2 ⇒ BC = (2) 2 + ( −2) 2 + (12) 2

→ →
Y AB = 56 BC = 152
→ →
A (6,3,4) AB = 2 14 BC = 2 38

X B (2,1,-2) → →
• Como AB = AC
→
• AC = C − A
→
∴ ∆ ABC es isósceles
AC = (4,−1,10) − (6,3,4)
→
AC = (−2,−4,6)
→
⇒ AB = (−2) 2 + (−4) 2 + (6) 2

→
AC = 56
→
AC = 2 14
 → → → → →
9. En el tetraedro OPQR que se muestra en la figura sea a = OP , b = OQ , C = OR

→ → → →
sea M el punto medio de RQ . Hallar PM en función de a , b , c
→ → → →
• a − b = QP → QR →
⇒ PM = − QP
R → → →
2
• c − b = QR → →
M → c− b → →
→ → PM = − (a− b)
→ QR→ 2
•
c Q
QP + PM =
2 → →
→ b+ c →
→ ∴ PM = −a
2
O 10. En la figura 1 se tiene b
→ → →

aun paralelo pipedo de OA = 3, OB = 4, OC = J. hallar

→ → → V .W
→donde V = a - 2 b
→
→ → →

P V .W

→ → → →
+ 2 c +d + e y W = (0,2,1).
→ → → → → → → →
• b = BE • V = a− 2 b+ 2 c + d + e
→

Z V = (0,5,0) − 2(0,5,3) + 2(4,0,− 3) + (− 4,0,0) + (− 4,0,− 3)

→
(0,0,3) V = (0,− 5,− 15)
A a A1 (0,5,3) →
→
b =E−B ⇒ V = (0) 2 + (−5) 2 + (−15) 2
→
b = (4,5,3) − (4,0,0)
E (4,5,3) →
→

b = (0,5,3) V = 250
c b
e C → → →
• c = AB V = 5 10
d
→
D(4,5,0) • W = (0,2,1)
B (4,0,0)
→
→ W = (0) 2 + (2) 2 + (1) 2
c = B− A
→ →
c = (4,0,0) − (0,0,3) W = 5
→
→ →
c = (4,0,−3) • V .W = (0,−5,−15).(0,2,1)
→ →
• d = DC
 → → →
d =C−D V .W = 0 − 10 − 15
→ → →
d = (0,5,0) − ( 4,5,0) V .W = −25
→ → →
d = (−4,0,0) V .M − 25 − 2
∴ → →
= =
5 10 ( 5 ) 2
VW
→ →
• e = EC

→
e =C−E
→
e = (0,5,0) − (4,5,5)
→
e = ( −4,0,−3)

→
11. la figura es un cubo si A = 6, -2, 4), c = (3, -2) F= (-6, 4, 2), H = (8, 4, 4). Hallar las

demás coordenadas

→ →
B • AM = MC
C
M M – A = C –M

A P 2M = C + A
2M = (8,-2,-10) + (6,-2,4)
2M = (14,-4,-6)
F G
N M = (7,-2,-3)

E
H
→ → → →
• FN = NH • BC = DH
N–F=H–N →
MN = H − D
2N = H + F →
D = H − MN
2N = (8,4,4) + (-6,4,2)
D = (8,4,4) − (−6,6,6)
2N = (2,8,6)
∴ D = (14,-2,-2)
N = (1,4,3)
→ →
• MN = AE
 → →
• MN = N − M MN = E − A
→
→
MN = (1,4,3) − (7,−2,−3) E = A + MN
→ E = (6,−2,4) + (−6,6,6)
MN = (−6,6,6)
∴ E = (0,4,10)
→ →
• MN = BF
→ → →
MN = F − B • MN = CG
→
→
B = F − MN MN = G − C
B = (−6,4,2) − (−6,6,6) →
MN = G − C
∴ B = (0,-2,-4) →
G = MN + C
G = (−6,6,6) + (8,−2,−10)
∴ G = (-2,4,-4)

→ → → → → → →
12. Si A + B + C = D , ( A ) = 6, ( B ) = 8, ( C ) = 12 hallar A. (2B - A)

a)
→ →
→ → → 2
A. B → → → →
• a.a = a
cos ϑ = = A . B = A B cos ϑ
• → →
AB
→ → →
⇒ A .( 2 B − A)
→ → 2 → 2 → 2 → →
• A+ B = A + B + A B cos ϑ → → → →
2 A. B− A. A
→ 2
→ → 2 → 2 → → 2(22) − A
− C = A + B + 2 A. B
44 − (6) 2
→ →
(12)2 = (6)2 + (8)2 + 2 A. B → → →
∴ A .(2 B − A) = 8
→ →
⇒ A . B = 22
→ → → → → → → → →
b) Si A + B + C = O ( A ) = 6, ( B ) =3 , ( C ) = 8 calcular A . B +

→ → → →
B .C + A .C

→ → 2 → 2 → 2 → → → → 2 → 2 → 2 → →
• A B = A + B + 2 A B cos ϑ • B + C = B + C + 2 B C cos ϑ
 → → 2 → 2 → → → → 2 → 2 → →
C = A + B + 2 A. B − A = B + C + 2 B .C
→ →
(8) 2 = (6) 2 + (8) 2 + 2 A . B → →
(6)2 = (6)2 + (8)2 + 2 B. C
→ → 19
⇒ A. B = → → − 37
2 ⇒ B .C =
2
→ → 2 → 2 → 2 → →
• A+ C = A + C + 2 A C cos ϑ → → → → → → 19 37 91 109
∴ A. B+ B .C + A.C = − − =−
2 2 2 2
→ → 2 → 2 → →
− B = A + C + 2 A.C

→ →
(3)2 = (6)2 + (8)2 + 2 A. C
→ → 91
⇒ A.C = −
2

c) dado (A) = 11, (B) = 23, (A - B) – 30. hallar (A + B)

→ → 2 → 2 → 2 → → → → 2 → 2 → 2 → →
• A− B = A + B + 2 A B cos ϑ • A+ B = A + B + 2 A B cos ϑ

→ → → → 2
(3) 2 = (11) 2 + ( 23) 2 − 2 A B cos ϑ A+ B = (11) 2 + (23) 2 + (−250)
→ →
→ → 2
250 = −2 A B cos ϑ A+ B = 400
→ →
− 250 = 2 A B cos ϑ
→ → 2
∴ A+ B = 20
 13. Demostrar que el segmento que une los puntos medios de dos lados de un triangulo
es paralelo al tercero e igual a la mitad de su longitud.

B → → →
• AM = MB • MN = N − M
M – A = B –M → B+C A+ B
MN = −
M N 2M = A + B 2 2
→ C−A →
A+ B MN = = AC
ºM = 2
2 → →

→
∴ MN // AC
C • = NB →
A
•
→ AC
=B–N MN =
2
2N=B+C
→ 1 →
B+C ∴ MN = AC
N= 2
2

14. Dado un paralelogramo ABCD

Es verdad AB 2 + BC 2 + CD 2 DA 2 = AC 2 + BD 2

→ → →
• AC = AB + AD
→ → →
AC = AB + AD

→ 2 → 2 → 2 → →

B C AC = AB + AD + 2 AB AD cos ϑ........(α )

→ → →
• BD = BC + DC
→ → →
A D BD = BC + DC

→ 2 → 2 → 2 → →
BD = BC + DC − 2 BC + DC . cos ϑ....( β )

• Sumando ( α + β )
 → 2 → 2 → 2 → 2 → 2 → 2

∴ AC + BD = AB + AD + BC + DC

→ → → → → →
15. Probar V - V ≤ V -V ∀ u , V ERn.

• Propiedades: a ≤ b ⇒ −b ≤ a ≤ b → →
V = − u + (u − V )
→ →
•
a+b ≤ a + b
→ → → → → →
→ → → → − u + (u − V ) ≤ u + u − V
• u = V + (u − V )
→ → → → → → →
−V − u ≤ u + u−V + V − u
→ → → → → →
V + (u − V ) ≤ V + u − V → → → →
V − u ≤ u − V ........(2)
→ → → → → →
u + V ≤ V + u−V + V
• Relacionando 1 y 2
→ → → → → → → → → →
⇒ u − V ≤ u − V .....(1) − u − V ≤ u − V ≤ u− V

→ → → →
∴ V − V ≤ u−V

→ → → → 2 → 2 2
16. Probar que: u , V son octagonales si y solo si V-V = u + v

→ → → 2 →2 → 2
• Si u , V son ortogonales → → →
• u−V = u + V − 2 u V cos ϑ
→→
⇒ u.V = 0 → → 2 →2 → 2 → →
u−V = u + V − 2 u V ( 0)
→ →
→ → 2 →2 → 2
u .V u−V = u + V −0
cos ϑ =
• → →
uV
→ → 2 → → 2
∴ u−V = uV
cos ϑ = 0
 → →
17. Tres vectores están orientado como en la figura donde A = 20, B = 40,

→ → → → → → → → → →
C = 30. encuentra A + B + C , A + B + C y Escribir A + B + C en

coordenadas polares

→ → →
Y • A + B + C = (0,20) 20 2 ,20 2 ) + (15 2 ,−15 2 )
→ → →
∴ A + B + C = (35 2 ,20 + 15 2 )
2
B
A
45º
X
45º → → →
• A+ B + C = (35 2 ) 2 + (20 + 5 2 ) 2

C → → →
∴ A+ B + C = 10 29 + 2 2

→ → → → → →
→ →
• A = A (cos ϑ , senϑ ) • A+ B + C = A+ B + C (cos ϑ , senϑ )

→ y
A = 20 (cos 90º, sen 90º) tan α =
x
→
⇒ A = (0,20) 20 + 5 2
tan α =
→ → 35 2
• B = B (cos ϑ , senϑ )
2 2 +1
tan α =
7
→
B = 40(cos ϑ , senϑ )  2 2 +1
α = arctan 

→  7 
⇒ B = (20 2 ,20 2 )

→ → →    2 2 + 1   2 2 + 1   
→ →
∴ A+ B + C = 10 29 + 2 2  cos arctan  , sen arctan
  7 

• C = C (cos ϑ , senϑ )    7 

 
  
→
C = 30(cos ϑ , senϑ )
→
⇒ B = (15 2 ,−15 2 )