SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS

& INEQUALITIES
VIVIANA MARCELA BAYONA
CARDENAS
CONTENT
 6.1 System of Linear Equations
 6.11 Solve using inverse matrix
 6.12 Solve using Cramer’s Rule
 6.13 Solve using Gauss & Gauss Jordan

Elimination Method
 6.2 System of Nonlinear Equations
 6.3 System of Inequalities
6.1 System of Linear Equations
 By the end of this topic, you should be able to
 Discuss system of linear equations and the types of
solution namely: unique, inconsistent and infinite
solutions.
 Write a system of linear equations in matrix form
 Solve a system of linear equation by using inverse
matrix, Cramer’s Rule, and Gauss & Gauss-Jordan
Elimination Method.
What is system?
 is an assemblage of
entity/objects, real or
abstract, comprising a
whole with each and
every component/
element interacting or
related to another one.

 Solar system, blood

system, computer
system, ext..
System of Linear Equations
The system of linear equations
where
a11 x1  a12 x2    a1n xn  b1
 a11 a12  a1n 
a21 x1  a22 x2    a2 n xn  b2 a
 a22  a2 n 
 A 21
,
   
am1 x1  am 2 x2    amn xn  bm  
 am1 am 2  amn 
Can be written in matrix form as
 a11 a12  a1n   x1   b1   x1   b1 
 x  b 
 a21 a22  a2 n  x  b 
 2    2  or AX = b X =  2  and b   2 
           
         
x
 n bm 
 am1 am 2  amn   xn  bm 
Augmented Matrix
For the system of linear equations
where
a11 x1  a12 x2    a1n xn  b1
 a11 a12  a1n 
a21 x1  a22 x2    a2 n xn  b2 a
 a22  a2 n 
 A 21
,
   
am1 x1  am 2 x2    amn xn  bm  
 am1 am 2  amn 
The augmented matrix is given by,
 a11 a12  a1n b1   b1 
  b 
 a21 a22  a2 n b2  and b   2 
or  A | b   
    
   
amn bm  bm 
 am1 am 2 
Types of solution

Linear systems

Homogenous AX = 0 AX = b

m = n m . n m = n m . n
A . 0 m<n A . 0 m<n

unique infinite unique infinite

A . 0
m>n A . 0 None

infinite unique infinite m>n

infinite None unique infinite None

m – Number of Row n – Number of Column

Unique – only 1 solution (the system is consistent)
Infinite – many solution (the system is consistent)
None – No solution (the system is not consistent)
6.11 Solve using Inverse Matrix

 Only for Square matrix

 m  n and A  0

 The formula given by:

From AX = b  P re-multiply by A 1

A 1AX = A 1b
IX  A 1b
X  A 1b
Examples 1 (Solve using Inverse Matrix)

Solve each of the following system of equality by Inverse Matrix

1
3x1  2 x2  6 2
2 x1  x2  4
5 x1  4 x2  8 4 x1  3 x2  3

3 x1  2 x2  2 x3  1 4 x1  x2 1
3x1  x2  x3  2 x1  2 x2  2 x3  5
2 x1  x2 3 2 x1  2 x2  x3  3
6.12 Solve Using Cramer’s Rule

 Only for Square matrix


m  n and A  0

 The formula given by:

Ai
xi  for i  1, 2,..., n
A
 b1 a12  a1n   a11 b1  a1n 
   a2 n 
b a22  a2 n  a b2 
where A1   2 , A 2   21 and so on
       
   
bm am 2  amn   am1 bm  amn 
Examples 2 (Solve Using Cramer’s Rule)

Solve each of the following system of equality by Cramer’s Rule

1
3 x1  2 x2  6 2
2 x1  x2  4
5 x1  4 x2  8 4 x1  3 x2  3

3 x1  2 x2  2 x3  1 4
x1  x2 1
3x1  x2  x3  2 x1  2 x2  2 x3  5
2 x1  x2 3 2 x1  2 x2  x3  3
6.13 Solve Using Gauss &
Gauss-Jordan Elimination
Method
 For any matrix
Write AX = b in Augmented matrix  A | b 


 Gauss Elimination Method

 Reduce the augmented matrix [A|b] into row echelon
form
 Starting with the last nonzero row, use back-
substitution to find X

 Gauss-Jordan Elimination Method

 Reduce the augmented matrix [A|b] into reduced row
echelon form [I|X]
Examples 3 (Solve Using Gauss &
Gauss-Jordan Elimination Method)
Solve each of the following system of equality by Gauss &
Gauss-Jordan Elimination Method

1
3 x1  2 x2  6 2
2 x1  x2  4
5 x1  4 x2  8 4 x1  3 x2  3

3 x1  2 x2  2 x3  1 4
x1  x2 1
3x1  x2  x3  2 x1  2 x2  2 x3  5
2 x1  x2 3 2 x1  2 x2  x3  3
Example 4 (Solve system of equation )
 Use inverse matrix, Cramer’s Rule, and Gauss &
Gauss-Jordan Elimination Method to solve the
following system of equation. Compare you
answer.

x yz 0
2y  z  7
x  z  2
6.2 System of NonLinear Equations

 By the end of this topic, you should be

able to
 Solve a System of NonLinear Equations using
substitution
 Solve a System of NonLinear Equations using
elimination
Solve a System of NonLinear
Equations
 System of NonLinear Equations contains 1 or
more nonlinear equation.
 The solution(s) represent the point(s) of intersection
(if any) of the graphs of the equations.
 There is no general methodology
 Substitution, elimination or neither

 If the system contains 2 variables & easy to graph

(lines, quadratic (parabolas), hyperbolas, circles &
ellipse), then graph them.
Examples 5
(Solve system of NonLinear Equations)
Solve each of the following system of nonlinear equality

1
3 x  y  2 2
x  y  13
2 2

2x  y  0
2
x y7
2

3
x  x  y  3y  2  0
2 2
4 x y 4
2 2

y y
2
yx 2
x 1 0
x
6.3 System of Inequalities

 By the end of this topic, you should be

able to
 Graph an inequality
 Graph a system of Inequalities
Graph an Inequality
 Replace the inequality symbol by an equal sign and
graph the resulting equation
 If the inequality is strict, use dashes mark
 If the inequality is non-strict, use a solid mark

 In each of the regions, select a test point P

 If the coordinate of P satisfy the inequality, then all the points in
that region satisfy the inequality. Indicate this by shading the
region
 If the coordinate of P do not satisfy the inequality, then none of
the points in that region do.
Examples 6 (Graph an Inequality)
Graph each of the following Inequality

1
3 x  y  2 2
x y  4

3 2x  y  2 4 x  2y  2
Graph a system of inequality

 Graph each inequality in the system

 Superimpose all the graphs
 The overlapping regions are the
solutions of the system.
 If there is no overlapping region, the
system has no solution.
Examples 7
(Graph a system of Inequality)
Graph each of the following system of Inequality

1 x y 2 2
x y 2 6 x  y  25
2x  y  4 x y 0 x  15
2x  y  2 y5
3 x y 3 4
x0
2x  y  4 2x  y  0
y0
x0 x  2y  2
5
y0 x y 0
THaNk YoU