1.

It is a surface phenomenon and refers to the

uniform distribution of a substance through
another at the surface e.g. solution of H2 in Pd.
2. It is the phenomenon in which a layer of ions,
molecules or aggregates of molecules condense
upon the surface with which they come in
contact.
3. It is defined as the concentration of a substance
at the interface or boundary between
heterogeneous phases e.g. solid/ gas or two
immisci.ble liquids
 Adsorbate

It is the substance which is adsorbed at

the surface of another substance
Examples are: gases, dyes, water vapors
etc.
 Adsorbent

It is the substance which adsorbs the

other substance at its surface.
Examples are: activated charcoal, bone
charcoal, alumina, silica gel, kaolin and
filler’s earth.
 Order Of Adsorption

I. Liquid/ Solid adsorption

II. Solid/ Gas adsorption
III. Liquid/ Gas adsorption
IV. Liquid/ Liquid adsorption
Positive adsorption

Negative adsorption

Sorption
How adsorption occurs
 Types of Adsorption

Vander walls or physical adsorption

Chemisorption
 Factors effecting the
adsorption
Solubility of adsorption
Nature of Adsorbate
Nature of adsorbent
Concentration of adsorbent
Pressure
Temperature
pH
Affinity between adsorbent and adsorbate
Stirring
 Pharmaceutical Applications of
adsorption
1. Activated charcoal
2. Physiological Importance
3. Purification
4. Preparation of Vitamin B1
5. Gas masks
6. Heterogeneous Catalysts
7. Bacterial filtration
8. Solid-liquid chromatography
9. Emulsification
10.Decolonization
11.Adsorption of water vapors