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usGefawmfeef@twlwl oDjcif;qdkuwfar” qdkyem vSrf;
ac:yga&vSwf?
a,cgy&Gwfpdu“tdk tqGDESHaumif/ usGefawmfh
rSm tqGDydkif aysmfzdk@/ oDjcif;qdkzdk@ tcsdefr[dyg/ r=umcif
rdk;&moDudk a&mufzdk@Asm,fjzpfawtwGuf tpm&Dpm
wdudk }udKwifpkaqmif;eD&yga&tqGD/ eDcgzufrSm tpm
&Dpmwdudka'ydkifrsdK;rpkxm;aurdk;wGif;rSm tjyifudkvnf;
12
xGufvdk@r&/ tpm&Dpmu vnf;&Sm;eef@ tm;vHk; 'kuQ
a&mufuwf&zdk@[dyga&/ a,Zl;eef@tudk@udkvnf; usGef
awmfeef@twl tpm;tpm}udKwifpkaqmif;xm;&Sdzdk@
ajymcsifyg,ifh” vdk@ajymyga&vSwf? a,cg ESHaumifa&
&,f &,fyem ‘rdk;wGif;rSmpm;zdk@tpmtwGuf at*ku
yifig&dk@Zmzdk@ylp&mvdkzdk@vJtudky&Gwfpd/usGefawmfhrSmat
*k pm;zdk@tpm tvHktavmuf[da&’ qdkyem jyefajym
vdkufyga&vSwf?
vtifwef=umvdk@ rdk;wGif;odk@a&mufygvwf
awcg ol@tdrfrSm tpm&Dpmtjynhfeef@jzpfvdk@ y&GwfpdrSm
wckvnf;ylp&mrvdk? ESHaumifrSm&m pm;p&mvnf;wck
vnf;r[d/vm;p&mvnf;ae&mr[deef@ uaumif; 'kuQ
a&muf&yga&vSwf?
a,Zl;eef@ tem*gwfudk}udKawG;+yD;au tem
*gwftwGufvkdtyfcsufwdudk ypPKyefrSm}udKwifjznfh
qnf;ysifqifxm;zdk@pGma& vlvdrRmwdtwGuf r&Sdrjzpf
vdktyfaw wiful;pDrHr_wckyifjzpfyga&?
 10? jcaoFh/ =uufz eef@ jrnf; yHkjyif
wcgu jrnf;waumifeef@ =uufzwaumif&dk@
a& +cHw+cHrSm twlwledefxdkif uwfyga&vSwf?
w&ufedcg 0rf;qmedefa&jcaoFhwaumifa&
,if;+cHem;ujzwfvm;a&cg +cHxJrSmjrufpm;edefa& jrnf;
udkjrifa&cg pm;csifpdwfeef@ v#m&nfwususjzpfAsm,f
+cHaemufayguf0uedef tomacs uyfygvwfyga&vSwf?
jrnf;u iHk@yemtpmpm;edefa&cg jcaoFhudkrjrifyJ opfyif
xufrSma&mufedefa&=uufzuvSrf;jrifvdkufyga&vSwf?
jrnf;udk jcaoFh vSrf;yemckeftkyfzdk@ysifpGmeef@ =uufz pGm
opfyifxufuedef toHtus,f}uD;eef@ tqufrjywf
wGefyvdkufyga&vSwf? jcaoFhvnf; =uufwGefoHa=umihf
tajctaer[efrSef;odvdkufawtwGuf tomacs
vSnfhyem awmxJodk@xGuf+yD;vm;yga&vSwf?
=uufz. xxl;qqef;wGefoHa=umifh jrnf;u
aemufodk@vSnfh=unhfa&cgxGuf+yD;vm;a&jcaoFhudk vSrf;
jrifvdkufyga&vSwf? a,cgjrnf;u ‘ZmavmufxdowWd
13
enf;a&jcaoFhvJ=unhfZgefwcsuf/ =uufzwGefoH =um;
vdk@&mxGuf+yD;&a&vdk@ [m; [m; [m;’ qdk+yD;au
&,fyvdkufyga&vSwf? a,+yD;au a=umufwwfaw
jcaoFhudk ig ydkvdk@a=umufatmif ajcmufyvdkufar qdk
Asm,fjcaoFhaemufuedefckefyem vdkufyga&vSwf? jcaoFh
vnf; ol@aemufrSm jrnf;vdkufvmpGmudkjrifpGmeef@
‘uGufwdAsm,f’qdk+yD;auawmpyfta&mufrSmaemuf
odk@ jAKef;ueJvSnfhAsm jrnf;udkckeftkyfyvdkufyga&vSwf?
tjzpftysuftm;vHk;udk +cHpyfopfyifxufu
edef vSrf;jrifedef&a& =uufza& “tHk;-- igholi,fcsif;
jrnf;/jzpfoihf/rjzpfoihf/vkyfoifh/rvkyfoifhudk cJGrod
wwfc vdk@ jcaoFhpmjzpfvm;c a&ESrf;’ qdk+yD;au olw
a,mufwnf; 0rf;yrf;wenf;ajymcsvdkufyga&vSwf?
‘rdkufrJr_’ eef@ ‘owWd’ a& trsm;}uD;uJGjym;
jcm;em;a=umif; a'yHkjyifacsu oifcef;pm yD;pGmygESrf;?
 11? rwkef;jywfcJ0g
w&ufedcg cJ0gwaumifa& awmxJrSm +yD;edef
,ufyif; ckwfwckrSmusyga&vSwf? cJ0gvnf; ckwfxJu
vGwfzdk@enf;rsdK;pHkeef@}udK;pm;pGmrSm ckwfxJuvGwfvm;
auvnf; tr$D;zzGacseef@ uaumif;vSa& ol@rwkef;a&
ckwfxJrSm jywfusefvdkufyga&vSwf? cJ0ga& ol@rwkef;
jywfvm;ca&cg t}uD;tus,f &Suf &Suf yem vljrif
oljrif rcH0Hha&twGuf awmxJu tjyifodk@ rxGuf0HhbJ
jzpfedefyga&vSwf?
,if;ydkifykef;v#dK; uG,fv#dK;b0rSm edef edefyem
cJ0ga& awmxJuwjcm;wd&p>mefwdudk ZmydkifrsufESm
csif;qdkifzdk@vJqdkpGmudk ukwf ukwfyem pOf;pm;edefyga&
vSwf?
,ydkifeufyif w&ufedcg ola& t}uHwckudk&
yga&vSwf? ,if;t}uHtpnfudk &+yD;pGmeef@ cJ0ga&
wjcm;cJ0gwdpk&Hk;edefuwfaw ae&mudk +yD;0ifvm;c+yD;
au “a'rSm=unhfuwfZgefa' ighnD tpfudk&dk@/ tr$D;wd
ursm;/ &Snfu&Snfeef@ ighrwkef;}uD; r[dvdkufAsm,f/
vGwfvyfr_.t&omudk igat*krS&m cHpm;&a&/ ig
14
cspf&/cif&a& ighnDtpfudkwdudkvnf; ighydkifrsdK; vGwfvyf
awt&omudk cHpm;uwfpDcsifpGma& igh&ifxJu qEN
rGefyg? ighnDtpfudk&dk@tedefeef@ a'ydkifrsdK; rwkef;r[dyJ
vGwfvyfr_t&om udk cHpm;csifau tm;remygauh/
ajym&majymyg/ usGefawmf ul+yD;au rwkef;ydkif;yD;zdk@
tqifoifh[dyg,ihf” vdk@ajymvdkufyga&vSwf?
wjcm;cJ0gwdtm;vHk;u baZmifjyefajym&zdkh
rSef; rodyJa=umifawmifawmif ai;yem,if;rwkef;jywf
cJ0gudk =unhfedefuwfwkef;rSm pOf;pm;Om%f[da& cJ0g
tdk}uD;waumifu “tdk oli,fcsif;/ oli,fcsif;apwem
udkav;pm;aus;Zl;wifyg,ihf/ a,auvnf; oli,fcsif;
rSm tr$D;yyGeef@ uaumif;vSa& t,ifrwkef;&m[dc
zdk@qdkau a'ydkifrsdK; tultnDudk &uf&ufa&ma&m
usGefawmf&dk@udk urf;vSrf;vDzdk@vm;*k/ udk,fhrSmrwkef;
r[dvdkuf,mjzpfvdk@ rwkef;jywftaz:udk vdkuf&SmpGm
[H” vdk@ awG;rdef;acs rdef;vdkufyga&vSwf?
raumif;r_a& taygif;toif;wdudk taz:ac:
vmwwfa=umif; owdjyKuwfzdk@yg?
 12? jcaoFheef@awm0uf
eDuaumif;yla&&ufw&ufrSmjcaoFhwaumif
eef@ awm0ufwaumifa& &DwGif;wcktem;odk@ tcsdef
w+ydKifwnf;a&mufygvwfuwfyga&vSwf? ol&dk@ESpf
aumifvHk;a& t}uD;tus,f &Daomufiwfedefuwf
awcg &Dudk olt,ifaomufzdk@/ igt,ifaomufzdk@ vdk@
vk vk yem pum;rsm;uwfyga&vSwf? wa,mufu
vJwa,mufudk tav#mhryD;a&cg wa,mufudkw
a,mufwdkufcdkufzdk@&mysifuwfawygAsm,fvSwf? ,if;
tcsdefrSmyifjcaoFha&aumif;uifxufrSmysHedefa& Vif;w
iSufwdudk jrifvdkufyga&vSwf?
a,cgjcaoFhu “tdk awm0uf/ aumif;uifudk
wcsuf armh=unhfZgefcsuf/ Vif;wwd ysH0Jyem ig&dk@ESpf
aumifwdkufcdkufvdk@/ &H_;vdk@ oDvm;ca& taumifudkpm;
15
zdk@ tqifoifhapmifhedefuwfAsm,f” qdk+yD;au ajymyga&
vSwf?
a,cgawm0ufuvnf; “at; aumif;Asm,f
udk jcaoFh/ ,ydkifqdkauig&dk@pum;rsm;edefuwfpGmudkwef@
oifhu wef@yvkdufuwfzdk@Asm,f/ig&dk@ESpfaumif oDruef
atmif&efjzpfjzpfyemaemufqHk;rSmESpfaumifvHk; Vif;w
pmjzpfvm;uwfzdk@tpm; wa,mufeef@wa,muf rdwf
aqGzJG@uwfpGm ydkaumif;zdk@xif,ihf” vdk@jyefajymvdkufyg
a&vSwf?
‘ig&dk@tm;vHk;twGuf }uD;rm;a& bHk&efoludk
&ifqdkifEdkifzdk@twGuf ig&dk@tcsif;csif;=um;rSm[dedef wwf
awa,sbl,soazgrwlr_acswdudk oifykef;acsuwfoifh
a=umif;’ a'yHkjyifacsu oifcef;pmyD;pGmyga,?
 13? *sLyDwmewfz&m;eef@ ysm;bk&ifr
wcgu ysm;bk&ifrwaumifa& *sLyDwmewf
z&m;udkysm;&nfvSLzdk@pdwful;ay:yga&vSwf? a,Zl;eef@
ysm;bk&ifr a& ol@ysm;tHkxJu tcsdKqHk;eef@/ toef@qHk;
ysm;&nfwdudk pkyem,lAsm,f *sLyDwmewfz&m; edefxdkif
a& tdkvHypfawmifxdyfodk@ wufvm;c yga&vSwf?
ysm;&nfvufaqmifudkyD;a&twGuf *sLyDwm
ewfz&m;uvnf; uaumif; 0rf;ajrmufauseyfr_eef@
twl ysm;bk&ifr udk “udkif ysm;bk&ifr/ ighudkyD;a& oifh
vufaqmiftwGuf oifhudkvnf; igwckjyefvdk@yD;ar/
oifZmvdkcsifvJajym” vdk@ rdef;yga&vSwf? a,cg ysm;bk
&ifru “tdk pGrf;tm;t&Sif z&m;ocif/ usGefawmfrsdK;r
tvdkt&SdqHk;uawmhau uaumif;tqdyfjyif;a& jrSm;
tyfwpif;yifjzpfyga&/ tusGef@ysm;tHkrSmysm;&nf vmcdk;
a& taumifwdudk ,if;jrSm;tyfeef@ xdk;owfwdkufcdkuf
vdkyga& t&Sif” vdk@ jyefajymyga&vSwf?
ysm;bk&ifr. olrsm;wdudk wdkufcdkufowfjzwf
vdka& qENudk=um;a&cg *sLyDwmewfz&m;pGm pdwfr
aumif;jcif;rsm;pGmeef@twl wkefv_yfvm;c yga&vSwf?
a,auvnf; ol@uwdudkawmhau ol rzsufcsifAsm,f
jzpfawtwdkif; “udkif; ysm;bk&ifr/ oifawmif;qdka&
16
tqdyfjrSm;udkigyD;vdkufar/a'jrSm;eef@wjcm;taumifwd
udkxdk;owfawcg xdk;owfcH&a&taumifa&wcgtxdk;
cH&pGmeef@csufcsif;oDvkarsmyg; cHpm;vm;vD&zdk@pGmAsm,f
jzpfaw” vdk@ ajymyga&vSwf?
ysm;bk&ifruvnf;*sLyDwmewfz&m;udktxl;
av;pm;=unf!dkaus;Zl; wif[dyga=umif; ajym yga&
vSwf? a,cg *sLyDwmewfz&m;u “at; ysm;bk&ifr/
a'tqdyfjrSm;eef@ygufoufaw ightrSmpum;u rqHk;
od/ a'jrSm;eef@txdk;cH&a& taumifa& oDvkarsmyg;
cHpm;&zdk@pGmrSefauvnf; a'jrSm;udk toHk;jyKa& oifh
udkvnf;jyefvdk@xdcdkufpDzdk@pGmyifjzpfaw/ a'jrSm;a& wcg
&m toHk;jyK&zdk@jrSm;jzpfaw/ wcgtoHk;jyK+yD;pGmeef@ ,if;
jrSm;a&oifhudk,fxJu xGufvm;c+yD;au oifudk,fwdkif
vnf; oDjcif;w&m;eef@ &ifqdkifvm;&zdk@jzpfaw” vdk@
ajymjyvdkufyga&vSwf?
‘raumif;r_udk}uHpnfpdwful;wdkif;/ jyKrlaqmif
&Gufwdkif;rSm raumif;a&ab;qdk;/ '%fqdk;wdomv#if
jyefvdk@vufcH&&Sdwwfa=umif;’tm;vHk; owdcsyfuwfzdk@
ygESrf;?
 14? aumuf&dk;yHkudkapmifha&cGD; (aumuf&dk;eef@cGD;)
w&ufedcg uaumif;anmif;nmedefa& cGD;w
aumifa&tanmif;ajy/tnmajy w&D;warm tdyf
Asm,ftanmif;ajzzdk@ oufawmifhoufomjzpfzdk@ edef
&mwckudkvdkuf&Smyga&vSwf? a,cg aumuf&dk; tjynhf
eef@ EGm;pm;cGufwckudk ,if;cGD;wGdyga&vSwf? eEl;n!Hh
aumuf&dk;wdeef@twl/ tD;+yD;au ajcmufoGd@edefa& cg
,if;cGD;a& EGm;pm;cGufxJrSmyif tdyfzdk@ae&m,lvdkufyg
Asm,fvSwf? a,cg,if;cGD;a& aumuf&dk;yHkxJudk wcg
wnf; wdk;0ifyem uaumif;Zdrfususeef@ tdyfygvm;c
yga&vSwf?
cGD; tdyfygvm;c+yD;vdk@ wem&D/ ESpfem&Davmuf
=uma&cgpm;cGufydkif&SifEGm;a&v,fxJrSm tvkyfvkyfedef
&mu jyefvmvwfyga&vSwf? tvkyf yifyifyrf;yrf;
vkyfvma& EGm;a& 0rf;qqmeef@ tpm pm;zdk@twGuf
ol@pm;cGufae&mudkygvwfawvSwf? EGm;. +cDoHjyjyif;
eef@eif;vma&toHa=umifhcGD;a& tdyf&muEdk;ygvwf+yD;
17
au aumuf&dk;pm;zdk@vma&EGm;udk a[mifvdkuf/
a[mufvdkuf/ udkufzdk@ydkif ysifvdkuf&m vkyfedefvDygAsm,f
vSwf? EGm; aumuf&dk;pm;zdk@ pm;cGufem;uyfvmwdkif;
cGD;ua[mifvdkuf/ udkufzdk@vkyfvdkufeef@ vrf;uedef wm;
qD;/ umqD;vkyfvkyfedefyga&vSwf? ,if;ydkif t}udrf}udrf
jzpfysuf+yD;a&aemufrSmEGm;u “tdk tudk cGD;/ usGefawmf
tjyifu yyifyyrf;tvkyfvkyfvdk@jyefvmpGm/ tudkcGD;u
aumuf&dk;udkpm;wwfpGmvnf;r[kwf/Zmjzpfvdk@ a[mif
edef/ a[mufedefpGmvJrod/ usGefawmhtpmudk usGefawmf
pm;yg&pD”vdk@ pdwf&Snfvuf&Snfeef@yif ajymjyvdkufyga&
vSwf?
udk,feef@vnf;wckvnf; ygufoufqufEG,f
r_/ tyfpyfr_vnf;r[dyJ olrsm;wd atmifjrifpGm/ &[d
ydkifqdkifpGmwdudk tvkdvdkedef,if; remvdkjzpfpGma&
wa,muf twGufvnf; tusdK;aus;Zl;jzpfrvmyg?
 15? usD;uef;eef@ &Duawmif;
wcgu uaumif;&Daomufiwfedefa& usD;
uef;waumifa& &Duawmif;wckudkwGdyga&vSwf? &Du
awmif;xJrSm &D tvwfavmuf&m[d+yD;a&cg usD;uef;
a& &DudkvSrf;rrSDEdkifjzpfedefyga&vSwf? uawmif;udk armh
aomufzdk@}udK;pm;a&cgvnf; uawmif;u ol@xuf}uD;
edefa&cg jrSifhvdk@awmifrjrifhjzpfedefyga&vSwf?
usD;uef;vnf; Zmvkyfvdk@Zmudkif&arrSef;
rodyJjzpfedefwkef;rSm ol@&Sdem;u ausmufp&pfcJacswdudk
vm;vdk@ jrifyga&vSwf? usD;uef;vnf; t}uH&pGmeef@
ausmufp&pfcJacswcJudk uawmif;xJodk@ xnfhvdkuf
yga&vSwf? a,cg uawmif;xJu &Dvnf; wzJhacs jrifh
wufygvwfyga&vSwf?usD;uef;vnf;ausmufcJaemuf
wcJxnfhvdkufyga&vSwf?uawmif;xJu&Dvnf;aemuf
18
xyfwzJhacsjrifhwufygvwfyga& vSwf? ,if;ydkifeef@yif
,if;tem;rSm[da& ausmufp&pfcJwdudk &m eef@csDyem
uawmif;xJodk@xnfhyvkduf+yD;a&tcsdefrSmuawmif;xJ
u&DpGmvnf;uawmif;0odk@a&mufatmifjrifhwufyg
vwfyga&vSwf? usD;uef;vnf; a,cgrS&m t&om[d
a&&DtD;tD;udk tm;&A& w0}uD; aomufcsyvdkufyg
a&vSwf?
‘udk,fhzufu tiftm;csdeJ@a&tajctaew
&yfxJrSm pdwf&SnfoD;cHr_/ &nfrSef;csufudk taysmufrcH
yJ ZGJeyJoefoefwwdwd}udK;pm;r_ eef@ Om%f&nfv$moHk;
wwfr_wduatmifyJGudk&&SdpDa=umif;’ a'usD;uef;acsu
oifcef;pm yD;edefyg,ihf?
 16? jzL eef@ }uGuf
aqmif;wGif;ydkif;ttD;ydkvma& &ufw&ufrSm
jzLwaumifa& eEGD;xxGD;tdyfp&mae&mwae&m vdkuf
&Smyga&vSwf? a,cg edefcsifp&m uaumif; aumif;a&
wGif;wl;*lacswckudkwGdyga&vSwf? a,auvnf; ,if;
wGif;wl; *lacsxJrSm =uGufrdom;pkwpk edefeDyga&vSwf?
a,cgjzLu“tdk=uGufrdom;pk/ tudk&dk@ wGif;wl;
*lacsum;oef@vnf;oef@/eEGD;xxGD;eef@ uaumif;edefcsif
p&maumif;pGmrvm;/at*kqdkau aqmif;wGif;udkvnf;
a&mufvmAsm,f/ ttD;vnf;ydkvmAsm,f/ usGefawmh
udk a'aqmif;wGif; waqmif;wGif;avmuf tudk&dk@*lrSm
wnf;cdkcGifhyD;zdk@usGefawmfawmif;qdkyg,ihf” vdk@ajymyga&
vSwf?
oazgaumif;+yD;auoem;=uifem/ udk,fcsif;
pmwwfaw =uGufacs&dk@rdom;pka& jzLudk ol&dk@ *lacsxJ
rSm aqmif;wGif; waqmif;wGif; wnf;cdkcGifhyD;vdkuf
yga&vSwf?=uGufwGif;acsuti,facsjzpfawcg jzLeef@
twledef&pGm uaumif; usyfusyfwnf;wnf;jzpf&yga&
vSwf? =uGufacswd wae&mu wae&modk@ &Gduwfwdkif;
17? *g&Dorm;eef@ ulewf u,fewf
w&ufedcg*g&Dorm;wa,mufa& *g&Darmif;yg
vwf,ufyif; &$H@wd[da&edef&mwckodk@ta&mufrSm *g&D
a&EGHxJodk@wydkif;avmufjrKyf0ifvm;yga&vSwf? *g&D
orm;vnf; pdwfysufvufysufeef@*g&Datmufodk@ qif;
Asm,f ulewfu,fewfwdudk wrf;w vdkufyga&vSwf?
a,+yD;au *g&Dab;em;acsu xdkif xdkifyem
“tdk ulewfu,fewftaygif;&dk@/usGefawmfh*g&Dudkwcsuf
acsavmufvmvdk@qJGwifyD;uwfzdk@usGefawmfrsdK;awmif;
qdkyg,ihf” vdk@toHtus,f}uD;atmfyvdkuf yga&vSwf?
ulewfu,fewf ewfrif;}uD;vnf; ,if; toH
udk=um;vdk@tajctaeudkwcsufoHk;oyf=unhfvdkufaw
19
rsufyem csGefwufedefa& jzLtpl;wdeefh vm;yempD +idyg
a&vSwf? jzLtpl;eef@+ida&'%fudkedw"l0cHedef&a& =uGuf
rdom;pka& ‘a'twdkif;awmhudkjzpfzdk@r[kwfAsm,f/ ig&dk@
wckckvkyfrS/ ajymrSjzpfzdk@Asm,f’qdkyemtcsif;csif;wkdifyif
uwfyga&vSwf? wdkifyifvdk@+yD;a&cg “udkif; tudk jzL/
usGefawmf&dk@ tudk@udkusGefawmf&dk@*lxJrSmrxm;EdkifAsm,f/
wcsufacscsuf a'uxGufvm;yem tjcm;ae&mwck
&m &SmygvDzd” vdkh jzLudkajymuwfyga&vSwf?
a,cg jzLu“ta0;=uGufacswd/ a'aqmif;
wGif;rSm a'ae&mxufaumif;a&ae&m ig&SmrwGd Edkif
Asm,f/&Smvnf;&SmredefAsm,f/ rif;&dk@rauseyfau/ rif;&dk@
redefcsifaurif;&dk@a'ae&muxGufvm;vD”vdk@ jyefajym
vdkufyga&vSwf?
“ESaysmoD;&SiftcGHpm;vdk@ avmif;&Sifawmif
a=umif;a,mif” qdka& usGefawmf&dk@ &cdkifpum;yHka&
a'ydkifpGmtjzpfrsdK;udk wifpm;xm;pGmygrem;a,? owd
xm;p&muaumif; aumif;+yD;au &cdkifwdudk,fwdkif
a'acsmifrsdK;tjzpfeefh}uHKedefuwf&yg,ihf?
cg udk,fhudkudk,fwckacsvnf;r}udK;pm;odyJeef@ olrsm;
yg;u tultnDudk&m ukef;atmfyemawmif;edefa&
*g&Dorm;udkwGd&a&cg “ta0; *g&Dorm;/ rif;yufckef;
udk *g&DatmufrSmt,ifoGif;+yD;au wacgufacs wGef;
wifyem }udK;pm;=unhftHk@/ a,+yD;vdk@ r& cgrS ighudkac:”
vdk@jyefajymvdkufyga&vSwf?
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vnf; r&EdkifcgrS olrsm;yg;u tultnDudk &,lzdk@ }udK;
pm;oifhyga=umif;/ usGefawmf&dk@udk,f usGefawmf&dk@
t,if &kef;zdk@vdka=umif;’ a'yHkjyifu ajymjypGmyg?
 18? cJ0g eef@ tdrfcGD;
wnZmrSm vrf;xGufvmuwfaw cJ0gw
aumifeef@ tdrfcGD;waumif&dk@ wGduwfyga&vSwf? cJ0gu
awmhau cydefydefacseef@ jzpfedef+yD;au tdrfcGD;uawmh
au 0zD;edefyemvdkifzif;rSmvnf;uaumif;vSa& vdkif
ywfacswckudkqJGxm;yga&vSwf? cJ0gu “tudkcGD;/ tudk
um; uaumif;0vdk@ vSvdk@&mrvm;/ vdkifzif;rSm vnf;
vdkifywfacseef@/ tudk@udk tolu a'avmufxdawmif
ausG;arG;okwfoifxm;ygavrod” vdk@ rdef;vkdufyga&
vSwf?
tdrfcGD;uvnf; “oazgaumif;vGef;a& usGef
awmh t&Sifocif ausG;arG;okwfoifyD;xm;pGmyg” vdk@
19? c&D;onfESpfa,mufeef@ aygufqdef
wcguvlESpfa,mufa& c&D;xGufygvwf,uf
yif; vrf;c&D;wae&mrSm aygufqdefwvufudk wGdyga&
vSwf? a,cg,if;c&D;onfESpfa,mufxJu wa,muf
pGm aygufqdefudk +yD;yem aumufvdkuf+yD;au “igawmh
au aygufqdefwvuf&Asm,f” vdk@ajymvdkufyga&
vSwf? a,cg usef c&D;onfwa,mufu “oli,fcsif;/
igaygufqdefwvuf&Asm,fvdk@rajymauh/ ig&dk@aygufqdef
wvuf &Asm,f vdk@ajym” qdkyem jyefajymyga&vSwf?
,if;ydkifeef@yif watmifhavmuf=umvm;c
a&cg aemufu wa,mufa,mufvdkufvmedefa&ydkif
20
00ifh u=uGm;acs jyefajzyga&vSwf?
a,cg cJ0gu “tudkcGD;/ ZmydkifyifjzpfvD/ usGef
awmfuawmhau tudkcGD;eef@ edef&mcsif;wckydkifvJ rz
Edkif/ Zmavmufyif 0zD;edefatmifausG;ausG; Zm t&Sif
ociftwGufudkrS ig vdkifywfvnf;rywfEdkif/ ighpGmig
vGwfvGwfvyfvyfedef&pGmavmuf wckudkvnf; igr
awmif;w” vdk@jyefajymvdkufyga&vSwf?
vGwfvyfr_r[dyJ 0+yJedefatmifpm;&a& xrif;
xuf vGwfvGwfvyfvyfeef@ wvkyfacsyifpm;&/ pm;&/
pm;&a& xrif;eyfu ydkvdk@ wefzdk;[dyga&vSwf?
=um;+yD;au/ a=umufaumif;xref;eef@ uaumif;us,f
a& toHwckudkvnf; =um;vdkuf&yga&vSwf?aygufqdef
xrf;vma&vlu “ig&dk@awmhautEW&m,f eef@wGdAsm,f
xifa&” vdk@ ajymyga&vSwf? a,cg usefc&D;onfu
“oli,fcsif;/ ig&dk@ tEW&m,f eef@wGdAsm,f vdk@rajymauh/
ig tEW&m,feef@wGdAsm,fxifa&vdk@ajymoihfa&” qdkyem
jyefajymvdkufyga&vSwf?
‘okc’ udk r#0D cHpm;zdk@ tavhtxHkr[dwwf
aw vlwda& ‘'kuQ’ eef@wGda&cgvnf; wjcm;vlwdeef@
zufpyfzdk@ r}udK;pm;oifhyg?
 20? +rdK@}uD;jyef i0gacgif
w&ufedcg EdkifiH&yfjcm;wdudk vm;a&mufvnf
ywfvma& vli,fwa,mufa& ol@Zmwdajrodk@ jyef
a&mufygvwfyga&vSwf? EdkifiH&yfjcm;rSm ZmydkifpGmwd
Zmavmufxd }uD;us,fa=umif;/ oludk,fwdkifZmydkif
}udK;pm;&kef;uefyem baZmifyHkpHedefxdkif c a=umif;/
baZmifydkifao#mif}uD;us,fa&atmifjrifr_wd&[d c
a=umif;wdudkolrsm;wdtjrifuwfavmufatmif w
ajymwnf; ajymyem&medefygAsm,fvSwf?
,if;vli,fajyma& EdkifiH&yfjcm;twGdt}uHK
wdxJu vlwdkif;udk txyfxyftcgcg ajym ajymedefa&
ta=umif;t&mwckuawmhau ‘usGefawmf &l'D; (*&d
eef@wl&uDEdkifiH=um;rSmwnf[da&*&dydkifusGef;pk) rSmcg
av/ wjcm;vlwd wa,mufacsvnf; rckefEdkifoda&
tjrifh}uD;udk ckefyvdkufpmG ,if;uvlwdtm;vHk; wtHh
21? odk;ausmif;om;acseef@ cJ0gtkyf
wcgu &Gmw&Gmem;rSm awmifukef;wukef;
[da&vSwf? &GmxJuodk;ausmif;om;wa,mufa&,if;
awmifukef;xufrSmpDvm;yem edpOf odk;ausmif;yga&
vSwf?
w&ufedcg ,if;odk;ausmif;om;acsa& awmif
xufuedef edef yem‘&Gmom;&dkh awmxJucJ0gtkyfxGuf
vmyem odk;wdudkpm;zdk@vdkufedefuwf,m/ t,ifw
acgufvmyem wcsuf uluwfygvl&dk@’ qdkyem atmf
yga&vSwf? ,if;csifhudk=um;&a& &Gmom;wdvnf; wcg
wnf; ‘udkif ,ydkifqdkau t,ifvm;rSjzpfzdk@’ qdk qdk
yem & &mvufeufudk udkifAsm,f awmifukef;xufodk@
+yD;wufygvwfuwfyga&vSwf? &Gmom;wd awmifxdyf
odk@a&mufawcgol uZgyfyematmfvdkufvdk@awmifxdyf
odk@ uref;uwrf; +yD;wufvmuwfaw&Gmom;wdudk
=unhf=unhfyemw[m;[m;&,fedefa& odk;ausmif;om;
acsudkwGd&yga&vSwf?
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acsa& t,ifedu ydkifAsm,f ‘&Gmom;&dk@ awmxJu cJ0g
tkyfxGufvmyem odk;wdudk pm;zdk@vdkufedefuwf,m/
t,ifwacgufvmyemwcsuf uluwfygvl&dk@’ qdkyem
atmfyga&vSwf? a,au&Gmom;wdvnf;a'edawmhau
21
w=ouaumif;=unhfuwfpGmrvm;/tudkr,Hkau ,if;
+rdK@utol@udkrqdkrdef;=unhfvdk@&,ifh’qdka&ta=umif;
yif jzpfyga&vSwf?
,if;pum;udk &ufjywf/&ufjywf =um; =um;
edef&a& vlwa,mufu tjrifuwfvmAsm,f ‘a,a*
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Edkifa&vdk@qdkau/usGefawmf&dk@,if;+rdK@uvlwdudkrdef;=unhf
zdk@um;rvdka,/usGefawmf&dk@udk*dk;acsa'rSmwacgufacs
ckef jyyg wcsuf’ qdkyemajymvdkufyga&vSwf?
t0goefyemav#mufajymedefpGmxuf vufwGd
wckck vkyfjyvdkufpGmu trSefw&m;udk ydkvdk@ay:vGif
xif&Sm;pDyga&?vlwa,muftolvJqdkpGmudk ,if;vl
Zmajyma&vJqdkpGmeef@wdkif;wmvdk@ r&yg? ,if;vl Zm
vkyfawvJqdkpGmeef@&mwdkif;wmvm;uwf&zdk@ jzpfyga&?
ta*gifhvnf;a*gifhxifa& vdk@qdkAsm,f tem;rSm[da&
vufeufud&d,mwdudk qJG qJGyem awmifxdyfodk@+yD;
wufygvwfuwfyga&vSwf? a,cg t,ifw&ufuydkif
Asm,f/ nanmif;nnmeef@ wyifwyrf;wufygvwf
uwffaw&Gmom;wdudk=unhf=unhfyem w[m;[m;&,f
Asmedefa&odk;ausmif;om;acsudk&mwGduwf&yga& vSwf?
,if;ydkifeef@yif aemufw&ufedrSm taumif
trsm;}uD;yga& cJ0gtkyfwtkyfa&awmxJuedef ta*gifh
vnf;a*gihf xGufygvwfyem odk;wdudk 0ifudkufyga&
vSwf? a,cgodk;ausmif;om;acsvnf;‘&Gmom;&dk@ awm
xJucJ0gtkyfxGufvmyem odk;wdudkpm;zdk@vdkufedefuwf
,m/ t,ifwacgufvmyemwcsufuluwfygvl&dk@’ qdk
Asm,f t,ifedwduydkifatmfyga&vSwf? a'wacgufcg
awmhau &Gmom;wdvnf; “a'ol waumif ig&dk@udk
tvSyvt&l;vkyfpGmrvm;*k”qdkyem wa,mufvnf;
vSnfhvdk@awmifr=unhfyJedefuwfyga&vSwf? aemufqHk;
rSm awmhau odk;ausmif;om;acsausmif;edefa&odk;tkyf
xJu odk;wdtm;vHk; cJ0gwdyg;rSm tudkufcHvdkuf&yga&
vSwf?
0gwwfawvlwdudk ta*gifh trSefajyma&cg
vnf; wa,mufvnf;r,HkuwfygvSwf?
 22? *sLyDwm/ eyfyfusKef;/ rdkifae;Am; eef@ rdkrmhpf
t,ifu &Sda[mif;yHkjyifwyk'ft& a'urBm
}uD;rSm yxrOD;qHk;vlom;udk *sLyDwmu vnf;aumif;/
yxrOD;qHk;EGm;}uD;udk eyfyfusKef;uvnf;aumif;/ yxr
OD;qHk;tdrfudk rdkifae;Am;uvnf;aumif; zefqif;c a&
vdk@qdkyga&? ol&dk@wd zefqif;r_wd toD;oD;+yD;vm;+yD;a&
aemufrSm tolzefqif;pGmu Zmavmufxdydkvdk@ vSy
a=umif;/ +yD;jynhfpHka=umif;wdudk ajymajym yem
wa,mufeef@wa,muf jiif;uwfyga&vSwf? a,au
vnf;wa,mufuvnf; wa,mufudk tav#mhryD;a&
cg wa,mufvnf;usauseeyf rusuwf vdk@ qdkyga&?
a,cg ol&dk@wda& a'udpPudk tqHk;tjzwfyD;Edkifzdk@ yk*~dKvf
wa,mufa,mufudk vdkuf&SmrSjzpfzkd@qdkyem rdkrmhpf udk
tultnDawmif;uwfyga&vSwf?
oludk,fwdkif wckvnf;rodwwfaw rdkrmhpfa&
tjypfzdk@zdk@udpPwdudkvdkuf&Smyemtm;vHk;udka0zefa&;
&mvkyfawygAsm,fvSwf?rdkrmhpaf &yxrOD;qHk;eyfyfusKef;
udka0zefyga&vSwf? “tJvm;eyfyusKef;/toif zefqif;
xm;a&EGm;rSm t"durjynhfpHkr_u+*dKyif jzpfaw/ Zmjzpf
vdkhEGm;+*dKwdudkrsufvHk;atmufrSmvm;vdk@rxm;yD;a&mif/
+*dKwda&EGm;rsufvHk;txufrSm a&mufedefa&twGuf ol
Zmudkcwf&zdk@vJqdkpGmudkolrjrifEdkif” vdk@ qdkyem eyfyf
usKef; udk tjypfzdk@yga&vSwf?
22
eyfyfusKef;udktjypfwif+yD;a&aemufrSm rdkrmhpf
a& *sLyDwmudk tjypfzdk@yga&vSwf? “tJvm; *sLyDwm/
toif vlom;udk zefqif;yD; a&cg Zmjzpfvdk@ toJESvHk;
udkvl@udk,fcE<mjyifyrSmrxm;yD;vJ/toJESvHk;udkvl@udk,f
xJrSmvm;vdk@xm;a&twGuf wa,mufcHpm;csufudk
wa,mufvnf;rodEdkif/rjrifEdkifjzpf&a&twGufoifhrSm
wm0ef[da&” vdk@ ajymyga&vSwf?
rdkrmhpfa&aemufqHk;tedefeef@rmEdk;Am;udk tjypf
wifyga&vSwf? “tJvm;rmEdk;Am;/ toifzefqif;a&
tdrfrSmpufoD;wyfvdk@rxm;? a,twGufeef@vlwda& r
aumif;a&tdrfem;yg;csif;wdeef@edef&a&tcgrSmol&dk@ tdrf
udk r&Gdajymif;Edkifjzpfuwf&a&/ a,Zl;eef@oifhrSmvnf;
tjypf[da&”vdk@qdkyemzefqif;o#iftm;vHk;udk&mtjypf
wifygAsm,fvSwf?
w&m;a&;qHk;jzwfo#ifrdkrmhpfajyma& pum;wd
tm;vHk;udk=um;em+yD;a&aemufrSm*sLyDwmurausreyf
eef@ZmjyefajymvdkufawvJqdkau “t&m&mudk remvdk
pdwfeef@=unhfwwf/jrifwwf/&SLjrifoHk;oyfwwfawvl
wda& olrsm; atmifjrifr_&pGm wd/ tm;om csufwdudk
rjrifwwfyJ/ tm;enf;csufwd/ raumif;r_wd/ tjypfwd
udk&mjrifwwfuwfaw” vdk@jyefajymvdkuf yga&vSwf?
 23? y&Gwfpdeef@+*dK;
w&ufedcg&Daomufiwfedefa&y&Gwfpdfwaugif
a& jrpfurf;em;odk@&Daomufzdk@ qif;ygvwfawvSwf?
,if;y&Gwfpda& &Daomufzdk@twGuf jrpfurf;em;acsrSm
aygufedefa&jrufykwfudktrSDjyK+yD;cgrS &Daomufvdkh&zdk@
tajctaerSmjzpfedefyga&vSwf?&DudkrSDEdkifzdk@twGuf jruf
&Gufzsm;ydkif;odk@tqif;rSmacsmusyem jrpfxJodk@jyKwfus
vm;yga&vSwf?
y&GwfpdjyKwfusvm;a&ae&meef@ryg;/r0D;wae
&mu opfyifxdyfrSmem;edefa& +*dK;waumifa& y&Gwfpd
jyKwfusvm;+yD;au &DpD;jyif;a&jrpfxJrSm 'kuQa&mufedef
pGmudkvSrf;jrifvdkufyga&vSwf? a,a*+*dK;vnf;opf&Guf
w&Gufudk urrf;uwrf; udkufyem y&Gwfpdarsmygvwf
awae&m&Sdem;acsudkcsyD;vdkufyga&vSwf? y&Gwfpdvnf;
opf&Gufxufudk wuf wufyem wqwfqwfeef@urf;
em;udka&mufvm;c+yD;au toufcsrf;om&m &vm;yg
a&vSwf? y&Gwfpdurf;xufodk@wufvdk@ wem;acs&m
[doda&/rkwfqdk;wa,mufa&iSufzrf;ydkufudkifAsmopf
23
yifxdyfu+*dK;udkzrf;zdk@twGuf +cHKykwfem;u ykef;vmedef
pGmudk vSrf;jrifvdkufyga&vSwf? a,cg y&Gwfpda& +*dK;
'kuQa&mufzdk@Asmqdkyem ,if;rkwfqdk;zaemifhudk wuf
udkufyvdkufyga&vSwf?y&Gufpdutm;eef@udkufcsyvdkuf
pGmrSm rkwfqdk;vnf; uaumif;emvm;c+yD;au toH
tus,f}uD;eefhwcsufatmfyemvufxJuydkufvGwfus
vm;yga&vSwf? a,cg +*dK;vnf; ua=umufvvef@eef@
xGufysHvm;cyga&vSwf?
,if;tem;urkwfqdk;xGufvm;c +yD;a&aemuf
rSm +*dK;a&y&Gwfpdtem;udkysHvmyem“uaumif;aus;Zl;
wifyga&oli,fcsif;acs” qdk+yD;au ajymvdkufyga&
vSwf? a,cgy&Gwfpdu “tl; Zm [kwfzdk@vJ tqGDrSm/
olrsm;toufudkwcgu,fxm;+yD;au udk,fhtouf
udkvnf;tcgcg jyefu,fpGmcH&a&vdkhqdkyga&rdwfaqG/ t
aumif;wdudktaumif;pdwfeefhvkyfau taumif;&v'f
wd jyef&wwfpGm "rRwm&mr[kwfygvm;” vdk@jyefajym
vdkufyga&vSwf?
 24? v,form;}uD;eef@ om;ESpfa,muf
wcgu v,form;wa,mufa& rrmrusef;
jzpf+yD;autdyf&mxJrSmvJSedefyga&vSwf? v,form;}uD;
a&ol@b0.aemufqHk;tcsdefudk olodwwfedef+yD;auol
roDcifol@om;wdudkol@vufxufrSmydkifAsm,fuaumif;
rrGef v,fvkyfzdk@/ pdkufysdK;zdk@/ }udK;pm;vkyfuwfzdk@pGmudk
rSm=um;ajymqdkzdk@vdktyfa=umif; ajrmfjrifrda&twGuf
om;ESpfa,mufudkol@tem;odkhac:vdkufyga&vSwf?
om;ESpfa,muf ol@tem;udka&mufuwfaw
tcsdefrSm v,form;}uD;a& “udkif ighom;&dk@ aoao
csmcsmem;axmif/ iga& r=umcifoD&zdk@,m/ igroDcif
ighom;&dk@udk ta&;}uD;a&pum; ygygrSmc ar/ ig&dk@ pyspf
+cHxJrSm tzdk;wef&wemwcsdK@ jrSyfvdk@[dvDa&? ,if;csifh
udk &atmif&SmzGD/ t+cDjyKyem rif;&dkhb0udk vlwvHk;/ ol
wvHk;jzpfatmifxlaxmifvDuwfESrf;” qdka&aemufqHk;
trSmpum;udkajymyemqHk;yg;vm;c yga&vSwf?
tzonfqHk;yg;vm;c +yD;a&aemufrSm om;ESpf
24
a,mufvnf;ol@tzonf.trSmpum;twdkif; pyspf
+cHxJrSmae&mvyfacsrusefatmif wl; qG yemtzdk;wef
&wemudkvdkuf&Smuwfyga&vSwf?pyspfw+cHvHk;ajruGuf
vyfacs wzJhacsawmifrusefatmif wl;+yD;a&aemufrSm
pdef/ a&$/ &wemwckvnf;rwGd&auvnf; ol&dk@+cHa&
tvSyv wl;qG+yD;vm;yem pyspfyifwda& toD;wd
jy+ydKif;&&dkif;oD;ygvwf+yD;au ol&dk@woufrSmwcgvnf;
rjrifzl;a&pyspfoD; oD;jcif;udk jrifuwf&yga&vSwf?a,
cgrS&m tpfudkjzpfawom;u ol@nDacszufodk@vSnfhyem
“t0dkif;nDacs/ ighygygrSmc a& ‘tzdk;wef &wem’ qdkpGm
udk at*krS igoazgaygufawnDacsa0;” qdkyemajyma&
cgnDuvnf;atmifjrifedefa&ol&dk@pyspf+cHudk =unhf=unhf
yem “at; udkacs/ ig&dk@ygyg ta*gifha*gifh ynm[dpGm
rvm;”vdk@jyefajymvdkufyga&vSwf? tvkyfudkpepfwus
eefh tusdK;[d[d }udK;pm;vkyfudkifr_a& atmifjrifr_
yef;wdkifeefhcsrf;omjcif; qdka& qkv'fwdudkyD;wwfpGm&m
r[kwfygvm;?
 25? pm0awmif;reef@pm0awmif;acswd
wcguv,fuGif;wckxJrSm pm0awmif;rdom;
pk wpka&pyg;yifwdudk,Suf+yD;au todkufvkyfvkyfyem
edefuwfyga&vSwf? ,if;pm0awmif;r rSm pm0awmif;
ti,facswdaygufxm;+yD;aupyg;cif;pGmvnf; wqwf
qwfeef@ pyg;&dwfcsdefudka&mufvmygAsm,fvSwf?
,if;ydkifeef@yifw&ufedcgv,fydkif&Sifa& pyg;
cif;odk@a&mufvmyem “at; pyg;wdawmif &dwf&zdk@
tcsdefa&muf,maxm/ig@rdwfaqGwdudk pyg;&dwfzdk@ tul
tnDawmif;&zdk@xifa&”vdk@ajymajymyemtdrfjyef vm;
c yga&vSwf? v,form;}uD;ajyma& ,if;pum;wdudk
todkufxJuedef=um;vdkuf&a& iSufacswdvnf; ol&dk@
trdo,ftpm&SmxGufpGmujyefa&mufa&mufcsif; “ar
ar/ wem;uv,fydkif&Sifa&mufvma&/ ol@rdwfaqGwd
udk tultnDawmif;Asm pyg;vm&dwfzdk@ajymvm;ca&
arar/ armifarmif&dk@ t,ifpau ae&majymif;rS jzpfzdk@
xif,ifh” vdk@ ajymuwfyga&vSwf? a,cg trdo,fu
“om;acs&dk@pdwfryluwfauh/ ig&dk@ae&majymif;zdk@twGuf
tcsdef tvHktavmuf[doda&” vdk@qdkAsm,f jyefajym
vdkufyga&vSwf?
,if;ydkifeef@yif wygwfavmuft=umrSm v,f
ydkif&Sifa& v,fpGufodk@jyefa&mufvmyem “tl; pyg;wd
uaumif;rSnfhvm;,m/ trSnfhawmifvGefzdk@,m/ tiSg;
25
om; iSg; iSg;yem eufjzefcg igudk,fwdkifvm&dwfrS jzpfzdk@
,m” qdkyemtdrfjyefvm;c yga&vSwf?
v,fydkif&Sifjyefvm;vdk@r=umcifrSmyif pm0
awmif;r tpm&Sm&mujyefa&mufvma&cg om;acs
wdu t,ifwacgufuydkifAsm,f v,fydkif&SifZmwdajym
vm;a&qdkpGmudkol&dk@trdo,fbm;rSmjyefajymuwfyga&
vSwf? “arar/ a'wcgawmhau v,fydkif&Sifa& pyg;wd
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26
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27
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28
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 29? uZgwfrawmfa&jrnf;
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29
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30
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31