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etroleum

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"Crude oil" redirects here. For the 2008 film, see Crude Oil (film). For the fuel "petrol",
see Gasoline. For other uses, see Petroleum (disambiguation).

Proven world oil reserves, 2013. Unconventional reservoirs such as natural heavy oil and oil
sands are included.

Pumpjack pumping an oil well nearLubbock, Texas

An oil refinery in Mina-Al-Ahmadi, Kuwait

Natural petroleum spring in Kora, Slovakia

Petroleum (L. petroleum, from early 15c. "petroleum, rock oil" (mid-14c. in Anglo-French),
from Medieval Latin petroleum, from Latin: petra: "rock" + oleum: "oil".[1][2][3]) is a naturally
occurring, yellow-to-black liquidfound in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface,
which is commonly refined into various types offuels.
It consists of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other organic compounds.
[4]
The namepetroleum covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude
oil and petroleum products that are made up of refined crude oil. A fossil fuel, petroleum is
formed when large quantities of dead organisms, usuallyzooplankton and algae, are buried
underneath sedimentary rock and subjected to both intense heat and pressure.
Petroleum has mostly been recovered by oil drilling, (natural petroleum springs are rare).
This comes after the studies of structural geology (at the reservoir scale), sedimentary
basin analysis, reservoir characterization (mainly in terms of
the porosity and permeability of geologic reservoir structures).[5][6] It is refined and
separated, most easily by distillation, into a large number of consumer products,
from gasoline (petrol) and kerosene toasphalt and chemical reagents used to
make plastics and pharmaceuticals.[7] Petroleum is used in manufacturing a wide variety of
materials,[8] and it is estimated that the world consumes about 90 million barrels each day.
Concern over the depletion of the earth's finite reserves of oil, and the effect this would
have on a society dependent on it, is a concept known as peak oil. The use of fossil fuels,
such as petroleum, has a negative impact on Earth's biosphere,
damaging ecosystems through events such as oil spills and releasing a range of pollutants
into the air including ground-level ozone and sulfur dioxide from sulfur impurities in fossil
fuels. The burning of fossil fuels plays the major role in the current episode of global
warming.

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