Stratigraphy Stratigraphy is the science of rock strata. It describes the original rock succession, age relations, litholgocial composition, physical, chemical, and biological properties, distribution, and other characteristics, and their interpretation in terms of environment or mode of origin and geologic history.Principle of stratigraphy Principle of superposition: lower layers are older than upper layers. Principle of original horizontality: stratigraphic rocks are originally deposited nearly horizontally. Principle of lateral continuity: originally a stratigraphic rock body extended laterally until it terminated at the edge of a basin, thinned to zero thickness, or changed character into another deposit.Sequence stratigraphy Refers to sediment deposition controlled by 1. e four factors: Subsidence of the crust as a result of tectonic forces. Eustasy: the rise and fall of the sea level. Sediment influx from rivers and streams Climate, especially related to carbonate deposits.Tectonic forces. Structural feature produced by uplift, downwarp, compression, or faulting. Tectonic maps are applied maps covering large areas while maps covering small areas showing the same features are called structural maps.Sequence stratigraphy. ls an attempt to relate sedimentation to sea levels, tectonics, sediment flow, and climate changes.Unconformity. An unconformity is a surface separating younger from older sediments, along which there is evidence of subaerial exposure or erosional truncation. At an angular unconformity the older strata dip at a different angle than the younger strata At a disconformity the beds above and below are generally parallel. At a nonconformity stratigraphic beds lie on igenious or metamorphic rocks. A paraconformity is caused by lack of deposition and is characterized by paraconformity. The older rocks have undergone erosion before the deposits of the sediments.Angular unconformity. Older strata hos different dip.Nonconformity. ‘Meromorphie reek=DisconformityParaconformity No deposit of sediments,Pattern that indicate sea level changes. ‘Sequence boundary APparent truncationSeismic stratigraphy. Is the science of interpreting or modeling stratigraphy, sedimentary facies, and geological history from seismic. It gives us the knowledge to understand and the terminology to describe seismic reflections with specific geologic interpretations.