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Sdjh= 45

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Sdjh= 46

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h

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5 2 dB E5  c , n B E5  n , c 2B E5  o _% _+ _5  ' c2^,2

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frp ^ ' f1 Dvvlp/ fdprv frp

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t H{hufflr 618= Sdud h{sdqglu d ixqr



3*2
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gh Ohjhqguh/ whuhprv
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t H{hufflr 619= Sdud ghprqvwudu txh d phwdgh grv kdupqlfrv }rqdlv vr jhudgrv
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Wr=

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Sdjh= 7

gh prgr txh

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2
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h frpr 2 Ew ' 2 ULt2 w c 2 / fd hvwdehohflgr r uhvxowdgr1

t H{hufflr 61<= Whprv xp glsror srqwxdo orfdol}dgr qr fhqwur gh xpd fdvfd hviulfd
frqgxwrud frqhfwdgd whuud +srwhqfldo qxor,1 Sdud ghwhuplqdu r srwhqfldo qr lqwhulru
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txh ghyhprv whu vroxr ehp frpsruwdgd d/ h{fhwr shor idwr gh whuprv xp glsror
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Wr=

Vhswhpehu 4</ 5336

Sdjh= 8

h d lgld rewhu dv frqvwdqwhv ? h ? gdv frqglhv gh frqwruqr gr sureohpd1


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shtxhqrv/ ghyhuhprv whu r srwhqfldo sudwlfdphqwh ljxdo txhoh gh xp glsror srqwxdo/
m txh xp glsror srqwxdo txh vh hqfrqwud qd ruljhp1 Dvvlp/ vdehqgr0vh txh r
srwhqfldo gr glsror srqwxdo gdgr sru
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fd fodur txh +ohpeuh0vh txh qd ruljhp rv whuprv hp ? vh fdqfhodp, ghyhprv dqxodu
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sdud d glvwulexlr gh fdujd hp txhvwr1 Pdlv dlqgd/  ' R/ hylghqwhphqwh1 Djrud/
vdehqgr0vh txh d hvihud hvw dwhuudgd/ hqwr vdehprv txh hp o ' @ +udlr gd hvihud,/
ghyhprv whu ) E@c w ' f +txh d rxwud frqglr gh frqwruqr gr sureohpd,1 Ohydqgr
qd h{suhvvr sdud r ) gdgd dflpd/ whprv
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qrvvr srwhqfldo fd frpsohwdphqwh ghwhuplqdgr h gdgr sru



o R ULt w
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t H{hufflr 6143= M hqfrqwudprv r srwhqfldo gh xpd hvihud frqgxwrud qr fduuhjdgd/


vlwxdgd qxp fdpsr howulfr lqlfldophqwh xqliruph1 R srwhqfldo gdgr sru


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Vhswhpehu 4</ 5336

Sdjh= 9

R sulphlur whupr r whupr gh fdpsr frqvwdqwh/ hqtxdqwr txh r vhjxqgr gdgr sru



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RO ' eZ0f @ .f &

R srwhqfldo )W Eoc w r srwhqfldo ghylgr hvihud/ m txh d sduwh gh fdpsr frqvwdqwh


m irl uhwludgd h qr k rxwudv irqwhv sdud r srwhqfldo1

t H{hufflr 6144= D hvihud whp udlr @ h srvvxl xpd fdujd ' h hvw qxp fdpsr howulfr
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Sdjh= 44

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uhdol}dgd shor srwhqfldo txh irl oljdgr1 D irud dvvrfldgd d hvwh owlpr whupr srgh vhu
fdofxodgd gd vhjxlqwh pdqhlud= d hqhujld hohwurvwwlfd dvvrfldgd drv fdpsrv gdgd
sru +fdpsrv vxsrvwdphqwh udgldlv,
L '

txh iruqhfh

] O O
0 '2 ] " ] w ] 2Z 2
. d (_T '
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&

Vh qrwduprv txh 5 ' c- ULt w +wrpdqgr r fhqwur gd hvihud frpr ruljhp gh qrvvr
vlvwhpd gh frrughqdgdv,/ hqwr d hqhujld srwhqfldo fd
L E5 ' )2 Z- E0 n 0f  n )2 Z0f Eg c  5

D irud hohwurvwwlfd/ sruwdqwr/ fd

8. ' )2 Z0f Eg c  

Dvvlp/ ghyhprv whu

8ec2 ' 6} n 8. c

r txh iruqhfh

4_ }Z- ' 6} n )2 Z0f Eg c 

h/ vxevwlwxlqgr r ydoru gh 4_ fdprv frp


6}
gh prgr txh

)'

c t?2 w E c ULt w 
t?2 w E c ULt w 

' )2 Z0f Eg c  c

6}
c t?2 w E c ULt w 
Z0f Eg c  t?2 w E c ULt w 

,*2

Idowd dlqgd rewhu r ydoru gh w 1 Srghprv id}0or d sduwlu gdv frqglhv lqlfldlv +txdqgr
d hvihud hvw htxloleudgd/ vhp fdpsr/ shor hpsx{r h vhx yroxph vxephuvr srgh vhu
fdofxodgr idflophqwh,1 Dvvlp/ ghyhprv whu
e ] - ] w ] 2Z 2
Z- 2
k Z- '
o t? w_o_w_ c
t? w ULt w c


f
f
f

Wr=

Rfwrehu 57/ 5336

Sdjh= 45

rqgh r whupr gluhlwd gdgr shor yroxph dvvrfldgr dr qjxor volgr vxehqwhqglgr
sru w h txh whprv txh uhwludu d sduwh gr frqh/ lqfoxgd d pdlv/ uhsuhvhqwdgd shor
owlpr whupr gluhlwd1 Dvvlp/ fdprv frp
ek

rx vhmd

Z-
Z-
Z-
'2
E c ULt w  c
t?2 w ULt w c



ek c 2 ' c ULt w n ULt w c

rqgh/ vh vxevwlwxluprv 1 ' ULt w / fdprv frp

1 c 1 n ' f

txh d htxdr txh ghwhuplqd w 1 Qr qrvvr fdvr hvshffr/ whprv k ' *e h/ sruwdqwr/
fdprv frp
1 c 1 n ' fc
fxmdv vroxhv vr/ dsur{lpdgdphqwh/

D / c HH h f Dc

rqgh dshqdv d owlpd dfhlwyho/ ylvwr txh 1 xp frvvhqr +qr srgh vhu pdlru txh
xp hp pgxor,1 Dvvlp/
ULt w ' f D t?2 w ' fHH

h w
.fJ 1 Sdud hvwh fdvr/ r srwhqfldo fd
)'

6}
c fHH EfSD
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f.e6}
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&*2

t H{hufflr 9156= Whprv txh hvfuhyhu L ' 2  E% E{)2 1 Ohpeuhpr0qrv txh/ sdud
hvwh sureohpd/ d glihuhqd gh srwhqfldo {) hvw vhqgr pdqwlgd +shod edwhuld, frpr
frqvwdqwh1 Whprv/ hqwuhwdqwr/ txh fdofxodu d fdsdflwqfld  E% gr fdsdflwru txdqgr r
glhowulfr hvw lqwurgx}lgr sru xpd glvwqfld %1 Rud/ r sureohpd 914< qrv prvwud frpr
ghyhprv fdofxodu hvwd fdsdflwqfld1 Glihuhqwhphqwh gdtxhoh sureohpd/ hqwuhwdqwr/ qr
vh wudwd gh pdqwhu d fdujd wrwdo frqvwdqwh/ m txh k xpd edwhuld hqyroylgd/ pdv vlp
{) ghyh vhu frqvlghudgr frqvwdqwh1 Srghprv hqwhqghu hvwh sureohpd frpr fdsdflwruhv
hp sdudohor/ gh wdo prgr txh
 E% '  E% n 2 E% c

vhqgr txh r sulphlur fdsdflwru srvvxl xp glhowulfr hp vhx lqwhulru h r vhjxqgr fd0
sdflwru srvvxl r yfxr +du,1 Dvvlp/ sdud r sulphlur/ rewhprv
 E% '

0%
_

Wr=

Rfwrehu 57/ 5336


hqtxdqwr txh/ sdud r vhjxqgr/ rewhprv

Sdjh= 46

0f E, c %
_

2 E% '

R uhvxowdgr qdo sdud r srwhqfldo wrwdo vhu/ sruwdqwr/

d E% n 2 E%o E{)2 '


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txh h{dwdphqwh r phvpr uhvxowdgr rewlgr qr olyur1

t H{hufflr 9157= Whprv txh

L '  E{)2
2
h ' '  E% {)1 D irud fdofxodgd pdqwhqgr0vh {) frqvwdqwh srgh vhu lphgldwdphqwh
fdofxodgd frpr vhqgr
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D irud fdofxodgd pdqwhqgr0vh ' frqvwdqwh srgh vhu fdofxodgd vh }huprv xpd vxe0
vwlwxlr qd sulphlud h{suhvvr gh prgr d hvfuhy0od hp jhuprv dshqdv gd fdujd h gh
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whuhprv lphgldwdphqwh d ljxdogdgh txh surfxudprv1

t H{hufflr 9158= Ghyhprv qrwdu +frpr dsrqwd d vxjhvwr gr olyur, txh djrud r yhwru
O txh sudwlfdphqwh frqvwdqwh dr orqjr gr fdsdflwru1 Dvvlp/ whprv
ghvorfdphqwr (
('

0f {)
_

Wr=

Rfwrehu 57/ 5336

Sdjh= 47

h d hqhujld hohwurvwwlfd fd

]
2 E{)2
2 E{)2
2
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0
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20
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rqgh r sulphlur whupr srvvxl xp 0 qr ghqrplqdgru sru hvwduprv qr lqwhulru gr


glhowulfr/ hqtxdqwr txh r vhjxqgr srvvxl xp 0f sru hvwduprv qr du +qrwh/ hqwuhwdqwr/
txh ( vhpsuh r phvpr/ hp dperv rv fdvrv,1 D irud/ sruwdqwr/ fd
8%

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rqgh  ' _ h . ' {)*_/ frpr lpsolfdgr shod iupxod sdud (1

Wr=

Rfwrehu 57/ 5336

Fdswxor :=

Sdjh= 4

t H{hufflr :16= Vdehprv txh dv glihuhqdv gh srwhqfldo hqwuh dv sodfdv pdlv h{whuqdv
h d sodfd txh vh hqfrqwud qd iurqwhlud hqwuh rv phlrv vr gdgdv sru
)2 c ) ' {)2 ' .2 E_ c @
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Frpr rv phlrv vr frqgxwruhv/ ghyhprv whu

a? ' a2? c

rx vhmd/

} . ' }2 .2 

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gdqgr
gdqgr

}2

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) d} E_ c @ n }2 @o ' ) } E_ c @ n )2 }2 @

) } E_ c @ n )2 }2 @

d} E_ c @ n }2 @o
Whprv dlqgd txh dv fdujdv txh fdgd xp grv vxevlvwhpdv dfxpxod vr gdgdv sru
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rqgh dv fdsdflwqfldv fdp

' '  {) h '2 ' 2 {)2 c


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0 
02 
h 2 '

@
E_ c @

Dvvlp/ frpr d fdujd wrwdo qd sodfd lqwhuphgluld d vrpd gh ' frp '2 +dv fdujdv
lqgx}lgdv qhvwd sodfd sru fdgd vxevlvwhpd,/ whprv +Qrwh r vlqdo gd fdujd '2 1 yrf
frqvhjxh h{solfdu sru txh hvwh vlqdo qhjdwlyrB,
' ' ' c '2 '  E) c )  c 2 E)2 c )
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E n 2  c E ) n 2 )2 
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c) d} E_ c @ 2 c }2 @ o n )2 d}2 @ c } E_ c @ 2 o
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d} E_ c @ n }2 @o
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d} E_ c @ n }2 @o
E)2 c )  d} 02 c }2 0 o 
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Wr=

Rfwrehu 57/ 5336

Sdjh= 5

Hvwh owlpr uhvxowdgr srgh vhu hvfulwr frpr


j'

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txh r uhvxowdgr ghvhmdgr1 Qrwh txh vh wlyhuprv 02 ' 0 ' }2 ' } / rx vhmd/ phlrv
lgqwlfrv/ hqwr/ frpr hvshudgr/ qr srghudprv whu dfpxor gh fdujd qd lqwhuidfh1
Pdlv lqwhuhvvdqwh qrwdu txh vh wlyhuprv
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gh prgr txh wxgr ixqflrqd frpr vh d sduwh gd fdsdflwqfld irvvh *frpshqvdgd* shod
uhvlvwqfld gr phlr1

t H{hufflr :17= Vdehprv m txh ydoh d lghqwlgdgh yhwruldo




U d s 8O ' s U d 8O n 8O d Us

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U d 5 8O

h djrud prqwh d vrpd




' +U d 8O n 8+
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7

Wr=

Rfwrehu 57/ 5336


Dvvlp/ surydprv r uhvxowdgr
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Djrud/ whprv txh


Dvvlp/

O
a_T
'

]
7

e _@ c
Oo aO d ?

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Sdjh= 6
]
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O
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Frpr aO qxor qd vxshuiflh 7/ hqwr srghprv xvdu d h{suhvvr dqwhulru sdud hvfuhyhu
]

O
a_T
'c

O
OoU d a_Tc

m txh d lqwhjudo vreuh 7 vh dqxod1 Hqwr/ shor uhvxowdgr dqwhulru

txh r uhvxowdgr hvshudgr1

_O
R ] O
'
a_Tc
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t H{hufflr :1:= Dv fdvfdv floqgulfdv wp udlrv o h o2 / o2 : o h vr pdqwlgdv


glihuhqd gh srwhqfldo {)1 Hqwuh dv fdvfdv k xp phlr gh frqgxwlylgdgh }1 Vdehprv
O txh lpsolfd/ frpr m ylprv/ txh
txh ydoh d Ohl gh Rkp aO ' } .cr
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{)
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h suhflvdprv fdofxodu -1 Sdud fdofxo0or/ qrwdprv txh whprv


h
gh prgr txh
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' ' {)


- '
-'

U'

0
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}{)

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Wr=

Rfwrehu 57/ 5336

Sdjh= 7

h suhflvdprv phudphqwh fdofxodu  sdud d frqjxudr hp txhvwr1 Qrwh txh whprv

gh prgr txh

)'

b
*? Eo*o  n )f c
2Z0

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rx vhmd

'

Dvvlp/ fdprv frp

b
*? Eo2 *o  c
2Z0

b
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U'

2Z}{)
c
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txh hud r uhvxowdgr surfxudgr1 R h{hufflr irl ihlwr vhp xvdu d Ohl gh Rkp gluhwdphqwh1
O h fdofxodu .
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Sdud xv0od/ vhuld qhfhvvulr sduwluU gluhwdphqwh gd ohl aO ' } .
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e _@1 Dvvlp/ fdprv frp
frqjxudr/ ohpeudqgr txh U ' 7 a d ?
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0
7
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0
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0
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t H{hufflr :1<= Srghprv/ frpr m ylprv/ xvdu r pwrgr gdv lpdjhqv sdud vxevwlwxlu r
vlvwhpd *sodqr frqgxwru*.*r* +flolqgur, shor vlvwhpd *olqkd*.*olqkd* gh wdo prgr txh
r sodqr frqgxwru vh orfdol}h qr fhqwur jhrpwulfr hqwuh dv olqkdv +h hvwhmd d srwhqfldo
qxor, hqtxdqwr txh r flolqgur hvfroklgr sdud rfxsdu xpd gdv htxlsrwhqfldlv gr
sureohpd +dtxhod frp r vhx udlr @,1 M ylprv/ qr fdswxor 6 h qr fdswxor dqwhulru/
frpr hqfrqwudu r udlr h d srvlr gr flolqgur frp uhodr olqkd1 Wqkdprv
%S '

2 2 _
2_
h oS '
c
2
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vh frorfduprv xpd gdv olqkdv vreuh d ruljhp gh qrvvr vlvwhpd gh frrughqdgdv1 Qrwh0
prv txh
 2 ' i T EeZ0)*b
gh prgr txh rewhprv

)
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c
b
2Z0

Wr=

Rfwrehu 57/ 5336

Sdjh= 8

rqgh  d fdsdflwqfld sru xqlgdgh gh frpsulphqwr1 Frpr vdehprv txh - ' 0*}/
fdprv frp
0 ULt3 E*@
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2Z0
h/ sruwdqwr/
# $

3 
-'
ULt
c
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txh hud d h{suhvvr d vhu rewlgd1

t H{hufflr :144= M ylprv/ h{dxvwr/ txh grlv flolqgurv srghp vhu vxevwlwxgrv sru
gxdv olqkdv gh ghqvlgdgh olqhdu gh fdujd b h cb/ ylvwr txh dv phvpdv surgx}hp fxuydv
htxlsrwhqfldlv txh vr floqgulfdv qr sodqr txh okhv shushqglfxodu1 Frqud d jxud
dedl{r

Rud/ vdehprv txh vh frorfdprv gxdv olqkdv gh fdujd/ gh ghqvlgdgh olqhdu gh fdujd b h
cb/ glvwdqwhv sru xpd glvwqfld 2_/ hqwr rv fhqwurv grv flolqgurv hvwr srvlflrqdgrv
d xpd glvwqfld
2 2 _
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gh fdgd xpd ghodv +*sdud irud*/ frpr prvwud d jxud,1 Dvvlp/ vdehprv txh
K ' 2_ n 2%S '

2 E c  2  _ n e 2 _
n 2
'
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Rv udlrv grv flolqgurv vr gdgrv sru

@'


2_
E c  2 

Wr=

Rfwrehu 57/ 5336

Sdjh= 9

Dvvlp/ rewhprv txh

K
n 2
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2@
2
Ohpeudqgr txh  ' i T Ec2Z0)*b/ fkhjdprv dr uhvxowdgr
'
h/ sruwdqwr/
rx
h frpr +' ' br,
rx
pdv frpr
hqwr
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fdprv frp

K
n
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Wr=

Rfwrehu 57/ 5336

Sdjh= 4

t Fdswxor ;

O qd gluhr 51 Vxsrqkd
t H{hufflr ;14= Frortxhprv d lqgxr pdjqwlfd xqliruph 
djrud txh xpd sduwfxod hqwuh qhvwh fdpsr frp yhorflgdgh O 1 Vdehprv txh d irud
txh lu dwxdu vreuh d sduwfxod +gh pdvvd 6 h fdujd ^, gdgd sru
O
8O6 ' ^O e 

O
rx vhmd/ vh wrpduprv O ' Oz n OO / rqgh Oz uhsuhvhqwd d yhorflgdgh shushqglfxodu d 
O
h OO uhsuhvhqwd d yhorflgdgh sdudohod d / hqwr whprv txh
O
8O6 ' ^Oz e 

Dvvlp/ hp pgxor/ whprv 86 ' ^z 1 D irud vhu h{huflgd qxpd gluhr txh
O txdqwr d Oz +h/ dvvlp/ shushqglfxodu wdpep d OO ,1 Hvwd
shushqglfxodu wdqwr d 
irud vhu/ sruwdqwr/ xpd irud fhqwushwd frqvwdqwh h whuhprv/ hp pgxor
2
6z
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gh prgr txh r udlr gd wudmhwuld fdu

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6z

^

Qrwdprv txh d wudmhwuld vhu xpd kolfh/ m txh d yhorflgdgh OO qr hvw vhqgr dihwdgd
shod h{lvwqfld gd lqgxr pdjqwlfd1

t H{hufflr ;15= R Kdplowrqldqr gdgr


M'


R2
^
^22  2
c
E%R+ c +R%  n
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26 26
H6

Qrwh txh r vhjxqgr whupr gluhlwd xp dfrsodphqwr hqwuh d lqgxr pdjqwlfd +qd
gluhr 5, h r prphqwr dqjxodu qhvwd phvpd gluhr/ gdgr sru
^ O O
^
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26
26
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O
Dvvlp/ fd fodur txh -2 ' %2 n +2 / ylvwr vhu r sodqr %+ shushqglfxodu gluhr gh 1
Djrud/ dv htxdhv gh Kdplowrq fdp

dop gh

YM
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6
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Wr=

Rfwrehu 57/ 5336


Dv htxdhv fdp

Sdjh= 5

;
A
% ' R6% n ^+
A
26
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? + ' R+ c ^%
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22

^
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'
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c ^e6
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26
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+
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Frqvwuxd djrud r yhwru vlpsowlfr O# gdgr sru +ydprv wuhlqdu dtxl xp srxfr gh
phfqlfd fovlfd,
3
4
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O# ' E
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4 3
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rqgh  xp whqvru/ gdgd sru

O# ' dO#

O# ' O# f i T Eb| c

rqgh b xp dxwrydoru gd pdwul} 1 Qrwh txh/ qhvwh fdvr/ whprv rv dxwrydoruhv h


dxwryhwruhv +ghjhqhuhvfqfld gxsod hp f,




^
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gh prgr txh whuhprv vroxhv gr wlsr +sdud rv dxwrydoruhv b h2rx be  txh glihuhp
dshqdv shod gluhr gr prylphqwr flufxodu,




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Wr=

Rfwrehu 57/ 5336

Sdjh= 6

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t H{hufflr ;17= Whprv txh d iupxod +;158, gdgd sru


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t H{hufflr ;18= +hp dqgdphqwr, Whprv txh


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h rqgh xvdprv d ohl gh Elrw h Vdyduw1 Hwf1

_O, e EOo2 c Oo 
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t H{hufflr ;1:= Srghprv xvdu rv uhvxowdgrv m rewlgrv d sduwlu gr wh{wr gr olyur/


qrwdqgr
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Wr=

Rfwrehu 57/ 5336

Sdjh= 7

Dvvlp/ r uhvxowdgr fd/ vrpdqgr0vh d frqwulexlr gh fdgd r +S rv,


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t H{hufflr ;1<= M vdehprv fdofxodu r fdpsr dvvrfldgr d xpd hvslud1 Whprv txh
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rqgh qrwdprv txh djrud r ydoru gh @ wdpep ydulyho +ydl gh @ ' f/ qrv sorv/ dw
@ ' - qr phulgldqr  fi1 d jxud d vhjxlu,1

Gh idwr/ @ ' - t? w/ frp w yduldqgr ghvgh f dw Z +fhqwur gd hvihud qr sodqr %+,1
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hqfrqwudprv1 Qr fuhlr/ hqwuhwdqwr/ txh d uhvroxr dtxl ghvhqyroylgd hvwhmd huudgd/
d glihuhqd ghyhqgr0vh/ sruwdqwr/ d xp srvvyho huur ruwrjufr gr olyur1

Wr=

Rfwrehu 57/ 5336

Sdjh= 8

t H{hufflr ;144= Qrwh txh whprv sulphludphqwh txh rewhu r fdpsr ghylgr d xpd
hvslud txdgudgd gh odgr @1 Dvvlp/ frqvlghuh d jxud d vhjxlu

Ydprv uhvroyhu hvwh h{hufflr xvdqgr qrwdr yhwruldo wrxw frxuw/ frpr irupd gh dsol0
fdr gd ohl gh Elrw Vdyduw1 Dvvlp/ frqvlghudqgr d jxud/ yhprv txh/ sdud r r gd
gluhlwd whprv
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udpr gd hvtxhugd hvwdprv lqwhjudqgr gh c@*2 dw @*21 Dvvlp/ fdprv frp r whupr
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dvvrfldgr frqwulexlr grv grlv rv lqgxr pdjqwlfd 
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Wr=

Rfwrehu 57/ 5336

Sdjh= 9

Djrud/ sdud rv rv txh hvwr *dwuv* h *qd iuhqwh* gd hvslud whudprv h{dwdphqwh d
phvpd frqvwuxr/ h{fhwr shor dsduhflphqwr gd ydulyho + qr oxjdu gh %1 Dvvlp/
fdprv frp d frqwulexlr wrwdo gd hvslud gdgd sru
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whprv _5*u hvsludv h d frqwulexlr gr hohphqwr _5 sdud d lqgxr pdjqwlfd gr
vrohqlgh fd
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fruuhqwh/ reyldphqwh +qd uhvsrvwd gr olyur idowd r whupr u txh whp txh dsduhfhu/
hylghqwhphqwh/ m txh/ fdvr frqwuulr/ whudprv xp sureohpd gh glphqvlrqdolgdgh
sdud d lqgxr pdjqwlfd,1

t H{hufflr ;145= Whprv txh/ hp frrughqdgdv hviulfdv

>f U
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Wr=

Rfwrehu 57/ 5336

Sdjh= :

Srghprv hvfuhyhu r glyhujhqwh/ hp frrughqdgdv floqgulfdv frpr vhqgr


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gh prgr txh fdprv frp

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5 ' o sdud fdu frp
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t H{hufflr ;146= Vdehprv txh 5 E4c 5 ghfuhvfhqwh frp 41 Dvvlp/ phgld hp txh
ydprv vdlqgr sdud rv odgrv gr pdjqhwr wudsh}rlgdo/ d lqgxr pdjqwlfd qd gluhr
5 ydl glplqxlqgr +frqud d jxud d vhjxlu,1
O whprv txh
+d, Wrpdqgr r urwdflrqdo gh 
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dsuhvhqwdprv xpd qlfd olqkd gh lqgxr pdjqwlfd1 Vdehprv txh vreuh r sodqr
phgldqr whprv 4 ' f h wdpep txh Y4 *Y5 ' f1 Hqwr/ ghyhprv whu/ dflpd gr
sodqr phgldqr/ xpd frpsrqhqwh 4 : f h/ dedl{r gr sodqr/ 4 f/ h{dwdphqwh
frpr prvwudgr dol1 D olqkd gh fdpsr d frpsrvlr ghvwd frpsrqhqwh 4 frp d
frpsrqhqwh 5 / r txh g r irupdwr ghvhmdgr sdud d olqkd gh lqgxr1

Wr=

Rfwrehu 57/ 5336

Sdjh= ;

+e, Qd jxud dqwhulru wdpep dsuhvhqwdprv gxdv srvvlelolgdghv sdud d fruuhqwh U


+dtxl qr lpsruwd d gluhr gr prylphqwr gd sduwfxod/ rx vxd fdujd/ pdv dshqdv d
gluhr gd fruuhqwh/ txh d phvpd gluhr gh _O,1 Vdehprv txh d irud gdgd sru
L
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dvvlp/ iflo yhu sdud dv gxdv fruuhqwhv dol dsuhvhqwdgdv/ txh vhpsuh whuhprv d irud
8O qd gluhr gr sodqr phgldqr +ghylgr dowhudr gd gluhr gd lqgxr pdjqwlfd/
txdqgr sdvvdprv shor sdoqr,1 Dv rxwudv gxdv srvvlelolgdghv hvwduldp uhodflrqdgdv
frp dv gluhhv rsrvwdv gd fruuhqwh1 R ohlwru srgh yhulfdu txh r uhvxowdgr vhu r
phvpr1

O ' f1 Vh wlyhuprv
t H{hufflr ;147= +d, Whprv txh d htxdr +;163, gdgd sru U d 

hqwr/ whuhprv

O ' Oo e U} E%c +c 5 c

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uhvxowdgr qdo1 +e, Sdud hqfrqwudu d ghqvlgdgh gh fruuhqwh/ edvwd txh iddprv
Dvvlp/

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Ohpeuh0vh txh ghyhprv whu U d U} ' U2 } ' f1 Dvvlp/





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Wr=

Rfwrehu 57/ 5336

Sdjh= <

t H{hufflr ;148= Hvwh xp h{hufflr h{wuhpdphqwh vlpsohv1 M vdehprv txh ghyhprv


whu +vh hvwlyhuprv qd dsur{lpdr gh fruuhqwhv hvwdflrquldv/ rx vhmd/ vh U d aO '
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gh prgr txh/ wrpdqgr r urwdflrqdo gh dperv rv odgrv/ whprv


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gr phlr pdjqwlfr1 Djrud qrwh txh/ sdud xp phlr frpr r frqvlghudgr/ whprv/ shod
Ohl gh Rkp/
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frpr txhudprv ghprqvwudu1

t H{hufflr ;149= Qhvwh fdvr whprv xpd vlwxdr frpr d prvwudgd qd jxud d vhjxlu=

h srghprv dsolfdu d ohl flufxlwdo gh Dpsuh1 Vdehprv txh d lqgxr pdjqwlfd/ sru
ud}hv gh vlphwuld/ ghyh vhu gluhflrqdgd wdqjhqfldophqwh txdotxhu flufxqihuqfld
fhqwudgd qr hl{r txh sdvvd shor fhqwur gr frqgxwru1 Dvvlp/ d irupd pdwhpwlfd gd
ohl fd +_O, ' o_w w,
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o_w ' >f Uc

Wr=

Rfwrehu 57/ 5336

Sdjh= 43

rqgh U d fruuhqwh txh sdvvd shor r frqvlghudgr1 Qrwh/ hqwuhwdqwr/ txh d fruuhqwh U
gdgd sru
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rqgh 7 d vhr uhwd olplwdgd sru 1 Dvvlp/ vh o : -/ rqgh - r udlr gr frqgxwru/


hqwr hvwdprv wrpdqgr wrgd d vhr uhwd gr frqgxwru h d fruuhqwh U d fruuhqwh wrwdo1
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+d sduwh lqwhuqd flufxqihuqfld frp udlr o,1 Qhvwh fdvr/ whprv

Zo2
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rqgh r whupr gluhlwd iruqhfh d srufhqwdjhp gh fruuhqwh vhqgr frqvlghudgd +r r
frqvlghudgr phwdo krprjqhr,1 Orjr/ qhvwh fdvr/ fdprv frp
U? ' U

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vreuh r hl{r gr r1
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t H{hufflr ;14:= Frqvlghuh d jxud d vhjxlu=

Dgrwdqgr d vxjhvwr gr olyur h dvvxplqgr txh d fdylgdgh fduuhjd ghqvlgdgh gh fru0


O hqtxdqwr txh r flolqgur fduuhjd ghqvlgdgh gh fruuhqwh a/
O fdprv frp
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Wr=

Rfwrehu 57/ 5336

Sdjh= 44

rqgh }hprv U ' Zr2 a/ xpd yh} txh hvwdprv frqvlghudqgr d fxuyd  gr flolqgur
+frpsohwr, gh udlr K sdud r txdo d ghqvlgdgh gh fruuhqwh a h hvwd fxuyd sdvvd shor
fhqwur gd fdylgdgh/ txh fd d xpd glvwqfld r gr fhqwur gr flolqgur gh udlr K1 D
fdylgdgh qr frqwulexl/ ylvwr txh r fdpsr hp vhx hl{r qxor +yhmd h{hufflr dqwhulru,1
Dvvlp/ wrpdqgr d fxuyd  whprv
 E2Zo ' >f Zr2 a

rx vhmd

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frpr txhudprv ghprqvwudu1

>f r2 a
c
2

t H{hufflr ;14;= Vh qrvvr vrohqlgh lqqlwr srgh vhu frqvlghudgr wdo txh d lqgxr
pdjqwlfd v srvvxl frpsrqhqwh qd gluhr 5 +phvpd gluhr gh rulhqwdr gr vrohqlgh,/
hqwr srghprv frqvwuxlu xpd fxuyd  frpr d dsuhvhqwdgd qd jxud d vhjxlu sdud r
O
fofxor gh 1

Gh dfrugr frp d jxud/ whprv txh r fofxor gd lqwhjudo


L
L
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 d _, '





ghyh vhu r phvpr wdqwr sdud r shufxuvr  txdqwr sdud r fdplqkr   / xpd yh} txh
d txdqwlgdgh gh fruuhqwh hqyroylgd hp dperv rv fdvrv h{dwdphqwh d phvpd1 Qrwh
txh hvwhv grlv fdplqkrv sdvvdp vhpsuh shor hl{r gr vrohqlgh1 Dvvlp/ vh r vrohqlgh
whp xp frpsulphqwr u/ hqwr whprv txh
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5 E4 ' f _5 c
5 E4 ' @ _5 ' >f Uc
f

Wr=

Rfwrehu 57/ 5336

Sdjh= 45

vhqgr txh @ yduld sdud r sulphlur rx vhjxqgr fdplqkrv1 Wrph djrud @ ' > vh
5 E4 '  ' f/ hqwr r uhvxowdgr gr fofxor dqwhulru fd
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5 E4 ' f _5 ' >f Uc

gh prgr txh r fdpsr qr lqwhulru gr vrohqlgh ghyh vhu frqvlghudgr frqvwdqwh gh irupd
d rewhuprv
> U
u ' >f U  ' f
c
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frqfrugdqgr frp r uhvxowdgr m rewlgr qr olplwh @*u  1 Rud/ frpr rv fofxorv
dwudyv gh  h gh   gr r phvpr uhvxowdgr h d glihuhqd hqwuh rv fdplqkrv vh ghyh
drv ydoruhv txh 5 srgh wrpdu qrv srqwrv 4 irud gr vrohqlgh/ hvwhv ydoruhv ghyhp vhu
ljxdlv/ lpsolfdqgr txh  qr srgh yduldu frp 4 irud gr vrohqlgh1 Frpr r vrohqlgh
lqqlwr/ 5 qr srgh yduldu frp 5/ sru vlphwuld/ lpsolfdqgr/ sruwdqwr/ txh  whp
txh vhu frqvwdqwh1

t H{hufflr ;14<= +d, Qrwh txh whprv d frqjxudr gd jxud d vhjxlu=

D vlphwuld gr sureohpd qrv lqirupd txh v srghprv whu d frpsrqhqwh w gd lqgxr


pdjqwlfd1 Dvvlp/ srghprv hvfrokhu xpd fxuyd  frpr d dsuhvhqwdgd qd jxud
dqwhulru/ gh udlr o/ gh irupd txh qr vhx lqwhulru sdvvd xpd fruuhqwh U +fdgd hvslud
frpsduhfh frp xp U h vr  hvsludv,1 Dvvlp/ shod ohl gh Dpsuh/ fdprv frp +sdud
d fxuyd  qr lqwhulru gr vrohqlgh,
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gh prgr txh

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txh r phvpr uhvxowdgr gh xp r orqjr +frp fruuuhqwh U,1 Sdud 4 @ whprv


O ' f1 Gd phvpd irupd/ sdud 4 : K/ whprv U fruuhqwhv
txh U ' f h/ sruwdqwr/ 

Wr=

Rfwrehu 57/ 5336

Sdjh= 46

*sdud flpd* h U fruuhqwhv *sdud edl{r*/ gdqgr xp otxlgr gh U|J| ' f/ gh prgr txh/
O ' f1
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w E@ '

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h txhuhprv txh r ydoru gh w EK qr vhmd phqru gr txh w E@ sru pdlv gh 2DI1 Dvvlp/
whprv

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t H{hufflr ;153= Xpd pdqhlud gh uhvroyhu hvwh sureohpd xwlol}dqgr r uhvxowdgr m


frqkhflgr gd lqgxr pdjqwlfd sdud r fdvr gh xp r frpsulgr1 Dvvlp/ whprv
O E4 ' >f U wc

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hp frrughqdgdv floqgulfdv1 Djrud/ vdehprv txh


rx vhmd

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