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the

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in

that

be

be

few

the

of
and

to

bring

down

might

see

the

of
course

from

the

preceding

two

of the

ancients.

practical
the
at

once

art, and
of the

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and

the
it

purposes,

annotations
what

in

modern

to

is

the

what

the

work

actually

exact

medicinal
were,

these

have

otherwise
would
the

subjects

practice of

the

first

render

to

to

me

substances

according

the

formation
in-

ready
to

necessary

times,

import

cine
medi-

of

volumes

has

with

prevailed

preceding

appeared

the

frequently

how

order, therefore,

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in

used

substances

macy
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reader

ordinary

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with

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subject-matter

Medica

known

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for

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is well

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apparent

on

work

my

illustration,

of

to

had

literature, and

Materia

proceeding

It

of

course

where

the

that,

Society,

that

dealing

work

it is stated

ancient

of

sake

differences

contained
for

in

sciences

the

what

many

by. the

access

the

whole

the

the

instances,

impaired.

nomenclature

regard

the

tained
con-

professional opinions

observed

be

namely,

of

of

period

But

plan
of

much

changed,

deviation

Sydenham

in

ancients, it became

different

very

of

explanation

Commentary

Volume

the

of

for

volume,

usefulness

terms

the

demanded

present
of

the

called

properly

special object.

the

the
some

First

gave

treated

subjects

is

of

in

in

of

what

other

in

volume,

Council

history

various

to

find

the

to

of the

the

^eemed

words

few

Commentaries

Advertisement

advice

the

by

will

VOLUME.

executed.

were

the

the

THIRD

say

reader

which

volumes

to

concluding

this, my

upon

In

the

why

reason

THE

TO

ADVERTISEMENT

that

so

of

the

ancient

mentioned
to

the

one

nomen-

in

ADVERTISEMENT

vi

clature
the

of the

TO

present

age.

in

this

Commentary

modern

authorities^ and
only

not

from

THE

likewise

from

contains

the

Materia

Medica,

treated

are

and

has

the

their

authority

and

him

fair to

this

on

him

to

of my

I have

responsible for opinions

be

to

for the

would

at

the

to

make

it

gave

knowledgment
gratefulac-

my

received

which

it is

time

same

him

for

which

they speak

their

proceedings

merit

they

volumes

in

anywise
turn

may

out

repertory

and

If

exertions

my
which

of

work,

the

I have
Toiov

in

June

21st, 1847.

of

in

in the

Annual

that

whatever

degree

of

be

wanting

in

not

to

Report

together,

constitute

Sydenham

the

more

judgment

Society

certainlynever

bestowed

turning
re-

selectingmy

flatteringterms

taken

be

Council

the

upon

ToSf
a7ri/3"j

shall

of

three

copious

which

is
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generally

regret the time

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irpayna,
F.

Banchory,

to

professionalsubjects than

such

B'

the

to

me

very

to

on

1 shall

thanks

found

that,

opinions

elsewhere.

on

be

acknowledged

intelligentmembers
pronounce

the

I trust

it will

opportunity

upon

first volume

in

of ancient

found

for

undertaking

present

conferred

for 1845.

parts,

be

will

and

of the

discovered

succeeding

the

expression of

they

publication,

laborious

my

embrace

which

honour

work

and

who

assistance

but

advanced

herein

sincere

most

my

be

right

no

having brought

now,

conclusion,

to

in

erroneous.

And

the

work

owe

and

which

described

now

Council,

advice

the

satisfaction

plan

and

articles

much

the

Pereira

Dr.

valuable

part

state

of

but

authors,

various

the

lected,
col-

commentators

ancient

the

that

state

To

approval.

and

I have

sanction

for much
from

of

And

to

power

my

entire

work.

other

to

materials

Botany, Mineralogy,

on

illustration

of in this

it in

ha^dng

in

herbalists

that

references

in

variety of

earlier

writers

recent

abounds

volume

found

it will be

Accordingly

Dioscorides, Theophrastus,

on

VOLUME.

THIRD

A.

CONTENTS

OF

VOLUME.

THIRD

THE

BOOK.

SEVENTH

PAGE

SECT.

1.

On

the

Temperaments

2.

On

the

Order

On

3.

On

the

the

indicated

as

the

by

their

Tastes

Temperaments

medicines

simple

Third

Materia

Simple

of

Simples

the

to

the
On

of
of

Powers

Substances

Degrees

powers

Appendix

4.

and

of

....

17

individually

Section

Medica

the

by

On

"

the

introduced

Substances

into

Arabians

424

Medicines

Purgative

480
....

On

things

those

which

bile

evacuate

481
.

Medicines

which

evacuate

black

Medicines

which

evacuate

phlegm

bile

48.3
ib.
....

Medicines

which

evacuate

484

water
....

On

cholagogues

On

melanogogues

On

phlegm

On

.1.

On

6.

On

8.

On

492

agogues

Compound
the

......

the
the

ib.
......

Purgatives

is
of

to

493
.....

of

Management

dose
On

491
......

hydragogues

what

7.

489
......

be

those

done

to

Purgatives
of

Treatment

those

take
who

Purgative

On

Liniments

to

to

the

be

On

pi'oper

499
.

Hiera;

500

applied

to

the

Anus,

and

purgative

Applications

Navel

502
.

10.

by

and

497

9.

purged

not

are

Medicines

......

Hypercatharsis

called

Antidotes

who

Emetics

503
........

Modes

of

administering

hellebore

.504

CONTENTS.

Vlll

PAGE

SECT.

On

11.

of

kinds

different

the

Antidotes

510
....

On

12.

Trochisks,

528

Troches

or

.....

13.

On

Dry

14.

On

Liniments

to

15.

On

Delicious

and

and

Applications

and

Mouth

the

Officinal

536

(Smegmata)

Abstergents
Throat

541

Potions

544
....

16.

On

Collyria

Agglutinative

and

548

Applications
.

17.

On

from

18.

On

and

Plasters,

of

Works

the

added

are

and

Antyllus,

the

on

the

to

On

and

(Dropaces),

Liniments,

On

21.

On

Different

On

oil

558

Plasters

Sinapisms
of

Preparations

581

Oil

and

Ointments

589

ffinantharia

598
.

22.

them,

to

wax

Calefacient

20.

of

576

(Acopa),

Ointments

Restorative

of

proportion

19.

boiling

Epithemes

and

Plasters

Emollient

which

things

those

Perfumes

and

Cyphi

599
......

23.

24.

On

On

the

of

Preparations
from

Pessaries,

the

which

Masucha,

of

Works

call

some

Antyllus

ib.
.

25.

On

which

Medicines

Works

of

be

may

substituted

General

On

Weights

Index

and

for

from

another,

one

the

Galen

604
.

26.

601

Masuaphium

Measures

609
......

629

JIGINETA.

PAULUS

BOOK

of

treat

to

are

we

I.

SECT.

is

safe

not

of

are

for

of

colour

every

But
in

come

thereby

is

in

may

they
cuts,

are

of

Simple

mentioned

in

the

incrassate
a

divides,

cold

and

attenuates,

it

parts,

is

of

or

of

hot,
all

and,

in

desiccative
removes

them

of

and

tongue

then,

their

of

nature.

all

obstructions,

colours,

sense,

these

That

not

subjected
so

their

obstruct,
to

is

moistening

in

powers

contract,
addition

the

gree
de-

And

their

bodies

excite

their

the

substance.

and

tain
cer-

hotness,

from

the

they

to

but

their

cold, drying,

parts

clearly

hot

are

sist
con-

whether

substances,

the

to

substances
clear

not

and

judge

it to

AS

regard

inodorous

of

the

judge

for

inequality

tasting,

Avith

contact

one

and

both

with

smell

particles

found

are

Astringents,
dispel,

work^

SUBSTANCES

odorous

and

their

the

impracticable

more

fine

of
of

because

substances.
it

of

tenuity

the

indicated,
still

nature

but

particles,

consist

extent,
of

whole

the

TASTES.

the

objects

sensible

cold

or

THEIR

from

judge

thick

of
hot

those

OF

BY

to

of

temperament
indeed

of

TEMPERAMENTS

THE

ON

INDICATED

It

of

Medicines,

all

especially

more

last

books.

preceding

six

of

properties

the

and

Compound,

and

and

seventh

tbe

being

book,

this

In

SEVENTH.

to

that
peraments.
tem-

condense,
properties,

which
and

is

acid,

cleanses

SIMPLES.

witliout
in

; but

heating

being

the

acid

the

acid

cokl, and

is

is

like

In

hot

which
and

attennant,

heat.

"What

is

salt

decided

without

softens, and

heat

rarefies

cold.

or
:

but

this, that

is

what

humours

is sweet

denses,
con-

that

But

stupefies.

pickle, dries,

as

and
the

cold, incrassate,

preserves

"VMiat

down,

thick

the

cuts

is watery

braces,

contracts,

this,that

cleanses

is bitter

contracts, obstructs, mortifies,and

which

acid

and, further, in

that

the

it in

differs from

attracts, discusses,breaks

manner,

and

detergent
sensible

without

acrid

the

vii.

acrid, resembles

is

purging, but

the acrid

repels,but

is escharotic.
pores,

and

attennant

which

that

[book

relaxes, concocts,

oily humectates, softens, and

is

relaxes.

SECT.

ox

II.

THE

nor

heat,

but

whatever

from

it is

which

to

its

is

which

be

it

to

four

to

substance
but

heats, indeed,
and

things

heating

or

rank.

Such

not

an

such

and

burn,
so

fourth

things

things
are

But

the

to

occasion

without

and

alum.

be

to the first rank,

reflection

with

regard

prevailing temperament

be

manifest

nor

may
such

which

the

as

kind

are

virtue.

of the

of
a

that

as

nature

which

thu'd
form

to

part

such
are
as

the

things

unripe juice of

eschars

things

as

of

the

be

of

the

to

dries

in

great

quicklime.

of desiccants
which

I'ank.

also

misy, chalcitis,and

all those

second

strong, but

the

manner

of the third rank

are

be

of

hot

like

death

for

be

to

drying

so

to

propertiesto

said

In

burning,
be

said

naturally so

is of

also ; such

being caustic,

perament,
prevailing tem-

manner

strong

no

these

fourth.

nothing

substance

astringent,of

are

as

of

as

rank,

have

as

degree, may

degi'ee burns
But

has

cooling properties, may

cold

foui'th.

the

useful

manifestly possessed of drying, moistening,

are

extreme

But

are

as

when

and

requires demonstration,

in like

and

called

so

manifestly,requiring

moist,

the

to

hot, according

not

its existence

cold, dry,

Such

according

hot

or

sufl"cient for every

It will be

ranks

is

colder,

or

as

dry, moisten, cool,

to

dry, moist, cold,

drier,moister, hotter,

make

temperament

same

neither

as

either

prevailingpower.

demonstrate

the

TEMPERAMENTS.

THE

OF

is of

called

calling that
when

DEGREES

applied,so

not

must

to

pru'pose

AND

medicine

moderate

that

ORDER

are

grapes,

without

strongly
sumach,

SIMPLES.

II.]

SECT.

thorities

following is

The

Commentary.

Dioscorides
(de Materia
(pluries)
;
nius
Largus
(pluries)
; Marcellus
Rei

pluries);
Antonius

gen.)

Med.

Comp.

Empiricus

ii); Oribasius

(de

Med.

(de

Galenus

Med.

Comp.

xi et

Zosimus

sec.

seq.);

Panopolita

(Meth. Med=)

Actuarius

N.
.

Herbis) ;
;

(jNIed.Collect,

animal.) ;

ex

confectione);

de

'

(v); Scribo-

Pliny (H

Comm.

au-

Hippocrates

Floridus

Macer

loc.

sec.

ancient

Celsus

Betonica) ;

(iand

(de Zythorum

Medica)

(de Herba

Platonicus

Sextus

Pharmacy

Scriptores; Apuleius

de

Aetius

the

Rusticse

Musa

(de Simpl. ;

list of

and

]\Iedica

Materia

the

on

INIyrepsus

(de Lapidibus) ; llhases (Contin. liber ult. ; ad

Mansor.
(ii,et alibi); Serapion (de Simpl. ; de
iii)
; Avicenna
(de Simpl.) ; Haly Abbas
(Pract.ii and x) ;
Antidot.) ; ]Mesue
Averrhoes
(Collig.v) ; Albengnefit (Libellus de Simpl. med.
Psellus
(plm-ies)
;

(Chemia)

Geber

virt.)
;
xxviii

Albucasis)

Kisp.

p. 276

Baithar

Scriptores Arabici

Rusticpe

Med.

(Libellusde

with

left

has

Avriter

alludes
describes.

never

the
same
a

In

be

science

in
as

considerable

but

his

two

of

the

his

IMedica,
"

ancient

The

left it.

Alston

degree

ever

of

genius

of lustre

over

The

Greek

said

to

have

substances

properties,are

mostly

authors, subsequent
added
described

single

one

by

him.

to

he

rity
great authowhich

can

justlyremarks,
in

nearly

subject by

from

time,
to

scarcely

which

to

after

borrowed

article

he

other

the

Galen, it is true, shed

the

his

any

articles

contributions

remained

times

than

first and

is the

and

fullyand

more

instances

three

powers

IMedica

theory regarding the general actions

descriptionsof particularsubstances, and

of their

familiarly

stances
vegetable sub-

treated

has

or

short, Dioscorides

he

the

Materia

highly appreciated; for, as

too

state

except in

Materia

the

Alchindus

been

vegetable physiology

and

medicinal

the

to

on

but

the

on

Theophrastus

ingeniously of botany
Greek

of

most

regular treatise

no

of his time.

pharmacy

H.

Rei

cine,
World, still employed in the practiceof medi-

Old

of the

A.

have

to

appears

properties of

the

B.

grad.)

compos,

Hippocrates, althovigh he

acquainted

Casiri

ap.

Sontheimer)

von

e.

Arab.

Biblioth.

ap. Casiri

(Uebersetz

i.

Med.

(de Prsepar.

Prsefatio

Baitharis

Ebn

Servitor

the

can

of

his

sophical
philo-

medicines

even

his

tail
de-

Dioscorides.

scarcely

list of

be

medicinal

Aetius, however, although he

'
*

CoMM.

SIMPLES.

advance

can

shall

presently,

see

Galenical

almost

with

the

most

otherwise

yet

candour

this

writer

of ancient
in

obliges us
is but

to

he

matters,

from

discriminating real

admit

that

be

with

relied

much

The

Dioscorides.

the

which

account

of

formation

but,

upon

science

to

At

masters.

the
of

view

cursory

being

struck

medical

nearly

the

medicine,
proper
be

feared

of

medicinal

to

these

will

not

Ebn

their

the

to

Grecian

take

Baithar,

into

even

this

described,

are

terms

but

as

of

first time
lack
stores
soon

than

collection,more

and

they

tunately
for-

scholars

introduced
it is
a

only

into
to

desideratum

supplied.

substances, however,

be

is

far

Ebn
more

by

without
talent

department

of

1400

medicinal

them

no

been

had

original matter

is still
be

of

manv

now

German,
this

in

people

the

to

transmitted

European

it

vomica,

amazing industry, enterprise,and

Galen,

no

for the

articles

it from

impossible

of

wonderful

In

is

there

key

it is

many

for the

then

to

regards arrangement

as

received

they

to

same

and

Dioscorides

shape

accessible

articles

dietetical

and

his

limited,

nux

other

whole, they

of

the

science.

from

to

formulae

musk,

many

work

that

made

being

few

senna,

the

translation

with

displayed by

and

in

opinions

is confined

matters

great

the

Sontheimer^s

Dr.

be

his work

of

good

time

same

rendered

his

can

cannot

these

same

general principlesas

and

in

the

much

in

us

he

has

together

nifitter

copies closely

camphor,

myrobalans, tamarinds,
Medica;

and

medicine,

when

plan

of

important pharmaceutical compounds.

more

added

and

^Materia

in

nor

gives of

he

the

Arabians

The

the

sional
profes-

judgment,

simple substances,

of

classification

but

with

wholly incapable

useless

objection

same

Celsus

countiyman

except

subjects

For, being

authority.

facts

and

little

very

upon

all medical

on

been

pretended

accordingly jiimbled important

instances

unqualified eulogy, and

of

have

on

feel reluctant

literature,we

terms

to

appears

the

information

practical acquaintance

no

we

as

Pliny's great work,

curious

indifferent

very

vii.

of

exposition

Of

and

rare

than

evidently possessed of

many

lucid

remarkably

department

every

speak

to

lias given,
originalitj^

to

principlesof therapeutics.

replete

so

claim

great

no

[book

doubt

noticed

relative
the

to

by
stances
sub-

practice

regretted
which

of

that

it is to

Baithar's

copious

list
than

SIMPLES.

SECT.

II.]

those

of the

other

originalof

very

contains

Rhases

work

above

counted

making

in all.

that if this branch

in modern

in use,

in

or

times, it

making

with

and

medicines
to

skilful

management

in
had

the

assure

and

in

reader

is

permitted
lists of

of

medicinal

and

this

to

us,

very
we

hsec

have

have

we
a

convey
within

now

distinct

moderate

idea

that

of

solely to

Aetius
it in the

and

it

when

memoranda

as

entire, and

confine

present instance

our
:

"

ancients
ing
accord-

need

we

of
if

the

scarcely
matter

limits

our

the

ancient

had

classified
ties,
authori-

Serapion.
iniquis

account

of

the

excellent,
particularly

sufficientlyexplicitto

compared

given by* Galen

no

in the

INIedica

system, and

Galenical

tlie

is

us

the

that

Aetius's

it is

mentary
ele-

relinquo.

]\Iedica is

add, that
of the

me

that

above

limits

lengthy exposition of

the

given by

now

that

there

of

some

of Aetius

the Materia

to

wished,

ipse equidem, spatiisinclusus

mentioned

generalprinciplesof
and

oui

of their

behind

account

here

as

Praetereo, atque aliis post

We

this

but

have

introduced

have

seen,

erroneous

could

substances

Verum

any

and

Materia

in the

actions

especiallythose

more

material

affirmed, indeed,

been

have

Ave

pensatory
Dis-

amply provided

were

anywise

It has

articles

their

of

ai'ticles;

to S^l

quite clear

it is

in

them.

the
of

proof

stances,
sub-

principallyfrom

arise

must

were

publicationswhich

nature

the

to

has

physicians

they

of

classified

never

animal

168

received

possible character,

every
that

suppose

late

some

Arabian

of

reason

only

amount

all events,

At

is

that

states

ingenious compositions

more

ingredients.
Greek, Roman,

than

estimating the \drtues of the substances

in

superioraccuracy

Alston

"

of

is

science

of medical

number

plants,and

present day, whicli

Comm.
'

only

nearly triplethe number

Medica
of the Edinburgh

This

Materia

in the

Avicenna

of

smaller

Medica

the Materia

Dioscorides, wherein

minerals, 700

958

at the

improvement

is

the

supply anything

that

articles,and

remarked,
of

90

simples contained

so

be

seldom

example,

For
765

only

in the

contained

authorities,and
own.

it is to

747, which

he

their

general follow closelyin

in

Arabians, who
Greek

footsteps of the

is contained

with

the

full

himself,

we

shall

annotations

and

give

almost

SIMPLES.

On

"

"

There

cold, or

or

of

possessed
and
to

each

of

the

them

above-mentioned

the

in such

them

when

possessed of
from

aliation

have

heat

than

the

imperceptibleto

like

one

to

and

this

be

bodies,

mortification.

produces

desiccant

and
be

laid

oil

down

the

or

the

first

juice of

fourth

those

things

which
and

which

dill and

fourth,

fenugreek
them,

to

next

are

until

we

come

of
to

moderate

their
for

also

to

the

purpose
the

juices ;

sense

as, for

second

the
the

to

Such
of

degrees

In

third

so

In

those

the

like

hot

to

order;
of

and

cicuta,

as

regard

first
and

coohng

third

manner,

medicines, beginning

knowledge

medical

them

arrange

may

is of

instruction.

of taste, and

example,

tating
humec-

of

in the

caustic.

desiccant

degree, we

extremes.

exercise

qualitiesof

and

and

hyoscyamus.
belong to the

to

come

respectingmoistening
those

and

that

remember
such

is

instruction,rose

extremely cold, such

are

third

of

first order

second,

second

the fourth

order
of

course

in

the

flection
re-

first order

with

an

in the

roses

being

the third

manner

being placed

mandi'agora,

meconium,

things,

cleai'er the

from

senses

mortification

such

Let

which

fourth,or last,caustic.

it is in like

articles.

itself

rose

occasion

not

So

render

to

; the

things

does

and

temperament

its coldness
the
:
requii'esreflection to demonstrate
consists of such
things as are perceptiblycold; the

perceptiblycold,but

of

change

cooling things,the

frigorificor

class

our

inferred

the

the

all

is another

orders,

and

burning;

not

of

manner

four

only to
being perceptibleto

but

is

there
Of

for

sufficient

there

that

we.

make

to

senses,

second

the

stronglyheating
In

right

be

principleof

and

truly

be

cannot

temperament

certain

temperament
it

that

similar

them,

thought

it down

in

the

hotter

will

as

is

them

of

each

of

or

endeavoured, however,

have

manner

received

have

they

is of

which

properties
We

laying

practicalpiu'poses,
medicines

in

subtile

of

consisting

or

degree

accurately determined.
define

cines,
particular actions of medibeing to a certain degree

the

humid,

dry, or

particles,but

gross

in

VII.

Medicines^

of Simple

differences

are

arising from
hot,

Poioers

the

[book

with

until
small

no

One
the

substance

we

portance
im-

ought

peculiar
when

SIMPLES.

II.]

SECT.

the

applied to
it to

Such

soiu'.

Such

things

as

and

corrosive

are

biting
of

those

which

called

sweet

called

fat.

but

such

If,then,
to do

so

in

which

are

called

acid, and

do

with

so

these

But

if you
do

may
from

so

from

galls,sumach,

and

devoid

are

to

taste, take
in your

of

all

and

memory

of

none

you

neither
the

may

and

of

what

such

call

as

the

barley,and

I have

of

the

endowed

with

consistence,
without

starch,

and

most

pholyx, ceruse,

nor

very

the

and,

to be

obscure
but

inclines

in

the

tion
percepand

little to

ness,
sweet-

from

this,

of certain
others

call
wheat

resembling
devoid

most

intermediate

things

of grass, of

things the

not

and

quality as

which

things, as

taste, it have

such

taste

sweet

rob

addition, that

and

an

memory.

neither

reeds

is in

that

bitterness,

Proceeding

of all other

it Avere,

purest water,

qualities
;

cold.

juice of green
of moderately
water, which

such

pungency.
and

aforesaid
bitterness

nor

of

it, retain

it be

Of

astiingeucy,you

judge

tasted

earth.

the

intermediate

an

that

see

the

cold, or

it

of

the

order

from

to

have

acrimony,

in

sweetness,

wish

as

like,which

if of

moderately sweet,

described

I mean
qualities,
heat

of

such

as

like ;

the

readilyperceive the

more

juices which
watery

hot

very

if

having

; but

acidity,acrimony,
it be

and

quahties,or

water,

it contain

perception of

would

if you

Fm'ther,

as

that

bile ; and

and

natron

honey.

acquii'ethe

to

biting

delight,are

onions,
garlic,

wish

ful
pain-

sensible

frequent^ tasted and long masticated,

be
sensation
fixed in
thereby imparted may

the

salt.

delight,are

judgment

trary,
con-

sensible

without

form

not

acrid ; and

poured upon
and,
asperities,

to

from

rougher

things

are

this

wish

you

also

when

as

do

as

is called

called

be

to

are

of

and

called

are

such

tongue,

cornels,

pears,

intenselyaustere

Those

fermentation

ronghens

cleansing, are

remove
lubricate,fill,

learn

may

bitter.

heat,

causing

and

strong heat,

without

of the

erosions

you

with

is

detergent

more

called

unripe

as

detergent

are

degree, are

power

be

to

appear

it

contract

wild

and

applied to the tongue, do

like astringents,but, on
the

when

things, as

constringe and

such

thing that

the like ; everj'' such

and

strongly,contracts,

depth,

considerable

dries

tongue

cold.

state

.If

liquid but

tween
be-

being
a

dry

and
desiccative
necessarilybe terrene
These
things are called emplastic, such as
of the
thoroughly-washed metals, as pom-

must

calamine,

Cimolian

earth,

Samian

earth,

and

SIMPLES.

tlie like.

Some
and

nature

viscid

and

tic

contain

some

therefore

one

in

There

two

part, of air, such

similar

oil,but

to

That

of

swine

of

The

fats then, if
of

but

of

are

with

the

in

contained

humidity

are

Acids

when

likewise

are

the

permeates

easilycoalesces
readily coalesce
if you

will

effect

recollect

for the

their

actions
act

the

action

trial

of

appear

recommend

neither
no

one

cannot

quality or
be

the

that

that

of

drier

medicines

and

when

removed

removed
the

the

of

organs
and

mixed

power

ascertained

to

make

whether

if that
and

without
as

pungent,

up

by

same
tion,
sensa-

to

sour

exert

stances
sub-

ascertain
is

made

I would
have

course
re-

its

its

and

possible having

as

trial of such
it be

not

being pungent,

much
with

it

acids

which

and

stance
sub-

sensation,
the

their

does

testifyto

species aside,
sour

But

and

slow

we

cold.

watery

sour

bitter,but

nor

foolish

is

and

every

sour,

time

dry
larly
particu-

if

for

juices,in

particles

tongue,

juices

will

and

terrene,

contract

peculiarityof

of

that

which

than

terrene.

terrene

when

substance,

same

lay

to

acid, sweet,
and

evenly,

acid

sour

the

at

something

it is useless

than

the

truly

you

to

of

deep-seated parts, whereas

wish
to
superficially.When
you

more
a

but

on

more

of

suet

for in this consists

impression,

of

passage

quick

appears

the

and

means

The

such

is terrene

And

again.

is

of

less so, austere

terrene

body

what

but

milk

an

particlesare thick
in composition are

the

parts of

"

"

no

melted,

rough, are called sour ; but if

of
properly call the temperament
since they are
unequally desiccative
asperity they

is

Emplastic

astringents.

sentient

the

by

their

cold.

juices,which,

of

egg

and

astringents are

composition of

cold, like

but

attenuating,

fat

is hotter

wax.

But

qualitiesthey

for the

no

nature.

the

other

the

of

terrene

parts, and

well-washed

as

cock

emplas-

earth, and,
white

are

struent
acrimony, are emplastic,or obespeciallyif of a drier and more

have
more

pores,

to

in their

subtile

they

such

regard

the

of

nature, such

terrene

then

the

or

of

kind

The

more

sucli

cheesy part

swine.

acrid,and

are

goose

but

that

fat of

the

them

vii.

in their

watery

dry, and

The

The

terrene.

more

also
and
so
einplastic,
and a buck-goat
a bull
swine.

oil.

sweet

as

and

of water,

altogether viscid,being composed

most

are

terrene

very

also

little air

no

emplastic.

the

medicines,

but

only terrene^

not

are

[book

astringency ;
a

medicine,

as

for
it

astringency,or by

SIMPLES.

II.]

SECT.

qualitiesmixed

of the

any

witli

in addition

sori,and,

copper,

to

which

also

are

the

at

the bodies
propertiesupon
not
are
thereby informed

the

copperas,

its

exerts

flakes

of

pictorium

astringentsul)stances
pungent, act by both their

which

to

of

of

other

time

same

trial

the armeniacum

them,
and

(Armenian pigment), mercury,

combination

made

is

Therefore, chalcitis,misy,

action.

by

it,or

which

substance

the

that

both,

they

whether

applied;

are

burn

they

but

astrin-

their

by

we

taken
acrimony ; for such substances, when
into
the body, being composed of gross
particles,and rather
of
hot in their
ignited in the course
having become
powers,
they undergo in the body
time, according to the change which
of

the

stones

irons

or

that

is

Avild

these

changes

the

they

as

the

and

of

is

called.
a

thick

If

is the

But

if

will

render

heated
occasion
for

the

the
the

at
a

become
former

ripened, are,

of

when

for

dissolved

quality

to

sweetness

such

trees

and

and

acorns

it becomes
renders

fluid to

airy fluid be superadded,

being attenuating
humidity,

and

the

obtund

watery

appear

if

and

moistened

if with

newly foi'ined,.sour

harder

When

acid.

; but
as

watery

both

it will

becoming

watery,

coldness

time, if with

same

change

fruits

acid,

ways

only moistened,

and

nature

in three

with

of
and

is terrene

case

it

action

only heated,

as

the

that

by undergoing

or

astringent part being

the

will

then

softer ; but

nor

like, if
the

prove

flowers

cultivated

manifest

is

have

the

the

removed

time.

same

are

it

such

you

of the

or

must

found

tasted

flowers

the

better,

something

manner

having

juice austere, it being the property of

the powers
of every juice. If a subtile
it

have

moistened,

or

acquired sweetness,

for

you

substance

sour

humid

more

humidity
;

the

at

become

austere

out

necessarilybe

by being heated,

chesnuts,

as

galls,or

either

have

such

It is

for

look

in

quality, you

astringency from it.

cold, and its qualitymay

it will

it

intensely sour,

other

no

neither

try

weight they

body.

the

over

stomach

the

their

to

hypocistis,acacia, sumach,

appear

contains

pomegranate,

pomegranate,
substance

owing

when

and

to

described

heard

formerly
of the

haste

make

and

about

parts

observation, to

much

purely astringent,

substance,

the

distributed

incapable of being

therefore, after

burn

and

ulcerate

animal,

heated

like
are

their

by

or

gency

and
it will

airy,to fatness;

an

sweet

dry

to

in

us

their

wlien
con-

SIMPLES.

10

according

sistence, eacli
it

produced

and

juicy ;

or

which

but

from

things
the

one

by

the

But,

sun.

ripe, their

when

acidity

and

obrious

that

become,

the

since

sour

fruits

as

sweet,

being
will

great variety
qualities. Wherefore, the
such

other

things, are

cold

and

but

acquiring

myrtle,

of

wild

the

pear,

but

the

things,

are

only

the

wines,

Thersean
other

like

olive in

the
which

like

the

formed,

cold

wholly congealed it
gathering are filled
acquire much
For

and

if all fruits

that
is

more

from

what

is

more

perfect

juice
turns

with

water,

if the
are

in

and

hotter

refrigerationbecomes

And

as

such

first

at

acid

is

is
the

acid, but
solar

colder

sweet.

acid,

is

it is

turningso

such

fruits

such
from

as

as

if

very

the

at

wise
other-

slight

ripe sweet,

it is obvious

acid; whereas,

clear

in

acid, and

heat,

When

from

in process

bitter

more

entirelyacid ; and
much
humidity, and
readilybecome

things

afterward

wholly

and

juice of

juice

sour

The

rob,

fruit and

The

all other

becomes

imperfect and

such

sweet.

called

must

becoming

unripe grape
ripened by

at the

sour

and

first sweeter, and

at

the

palm tree, and

sweetness
joined to

austere

sweet.

fatty.

are

and

size,

of

fruits

The

have

as

also of

bitter,ends
a

manner,

causes.

only

in

vines, wine, and

Scybelitic,boiled

the

remain

they

fruit of the

time

same

things,are

and

such

these

cornel, and

increased

sweet

are

The

and

of

ilex,the

change.

time

remain

some

last,because

oak

sweet

of

mixture

the

Aminaean

of

austere.

time, becoming

acrid

more

the

particular,but

oil is
of

and

fruit

at

wine,

such

internal

Surrentine,

astringency,are

of

without

process

beginning, being only

other

no

from

the

to

sour

the

at

as

time;

same

like

dry

fruit

nature,

become

austere, and

arise

All

olive.

twofold

first,in

at

sour

acidity

by heat; but their

has
already become

it

acid, some

some

that

sour,

of

when

time,

first,they

And

acquire

not

suppliedfrom

other

cold.

by

do

intermediate

is

at

become

they

after

is occasioned

sweetness

sourness

some

being

sourness,

fruit of the

the

which

innate, and

their

Some

the

as

by heat,

and

proper

without

humid

more

to

VII.

which

tree

aside

trees, but

sweetness,

concocted

are

the

Some
to

sourness

laid

maturit3^

at

upon

them.

have

the

become

time, they

they

arrive

all while

at

of

nature

get aciditysuperadded

they

as

separated from
pass

of

quality when

sweet

sweetness

the

to

process

some

latter

again

in

[book

what

wine, therefore,
that

it returns

SIMPLES.

12

coldness,

nor

affections

require

persons

will
applicationwhich
acrimony. The juice of

of

but

sour

trees

cold, but

first

at

are

also

so

the

and

sour

are

unripe
taste

that

there

is

and

austere

the

part

sensation

one

he

for

things;

things

sour

will

acids, and

from

it

contracting, as

and
constricting,

are

acids

if any

one

from

sour

propel inwards
equally squeezing,
the

but

fruits

to

seem

were

only

not

perceive clearly

another

they touch, everywhere

which

And

things.

austere

is

only

not

by

pungent

all the

almost

and

quinces,myrtles,or medlars,

will taste

violence

then,

grape,

vii.

such

in

for

without

before,

the

to

sour

it

externally any

induce

not

mentioned

for, as

witli

soothed

be

to

an

acid

mixed

heat

pungent

any

[book

austere

seem

sation,
rough and unequable senthe
the
of
that by drying they expel
humidity
so
parts
and
austere
of sensation.
sour
juices,there is
Thus, between
sensation
not
of
certain
easily to be
a
peculiar difference
understand
from
what
everybody must
described, but which

to

penetrate deeply, and

said.

been

has

I
qualities,

other
but

every

the

heat

in

us

have

and

parts congealed by

we

pleasant and

useful

so

possessedof

such

within

the

and

demulcent

are

nourishes
to

it

and

food

of

his

according

to

delighted

and

things
and

their

is

heat

things,when

such

much

as

of heat

is

as

those

things

substance

which

medicine

does

And

of

but

food

which

proportionate to
to

an

appear

without

so

which
food

yet

very

it is not

allied

is

bodies

with

are

being

their

bitter,such

degree
as

of

honey

all other

sweet

boiling or preparation are

of

less

heat,
which

for
one

nature

; but

as

one

men

are

sweetness

so

is every

the

less sweet

it

hence

all

affection

such

which

and

and

to,

moderately hot,

agree

mains
re-

expand, soften,

be

and

not

parts, it is
and

we

the

does

the

immoderate

also with

and

of

not

peculiarsubstance

expand

unpleasant,but

nourished

are

it

us,

hot,
be

to

all nutritive

for

bodies

boiled, and

things

of

whole

they get

longer sweet,
and

limits

until

the

food

all sweet

degree

of

greatly exceed
especiallyif

it heats

as

continuity

benefited.
kinds

those

and

all

cold

be

to

not

water,

warm

requires,therefore, to
the

with

agree

kind

the

with,

agrees

does

delighted,more

cold,

the

nor

free from

found

always
and

hot,

are

of

the

break

dissolve

is

touch

the

trial

upon

as

substance, then, when

sour

substance

sweet

cold, with

are

Every

induce

to

hot,

these
are

no

is old

things ;

for

allied to the

SIMP1.E8.

TT.]

SECT.

of the bodies

temperaments

all such

; but

sweet

prepared, for
cold, and

and

humidity

drying ;

that

more

when

hot,

ashes, it

reason

is

detergent,and
and

thick

bitter

is calculated

is

and

dry

that

bitter

are

as

become

they

take

do not
formed

putrid;

for

place

dry

hot.
as

to

prove

and

to

cut

viscid

collected

worms

from
the

less
and

all

animals,

bodies.

and

humid,

than

that

which

the

and

dryness ;

porous
some

are

of them

purely

things

and

and
the
are

same

differ from

(as

are

attenuating;

one

bitterish,being

are

other

no

but

men,

is

by

more

manner

or

ashes

as

such

intermediate

but

indeed,

bitter,for
another

and

all
as

attenuating

more

which

have

less

both

perceptibly

as

the

are

the

hard,

are
fossils),

brittle

arc

and

so
are

wrought by

salts,such

almost
but

factions
putre-

is
truly sweet
iunutritive,so those

attenuated
of

animals

is

allied to the

thus, too,

time

bitter

like

prone

and

creature

nutritive

are

more

terrene

more

at

is

which

that

juice is

they

bitter

the

less calefacient

is

salt

hot ; but

and

denser,

The

sweet.

this,that

heat

which

in

dry

are

intermediate

are

and

terrene

things

cumstance,
cir-

fruits when

animals

Those

living

every

As, therefore,

nutritive,and

in

bitter

cinders.

things

because

least

roots, herbs, and

such

that

the

other

nor

intenselybitter (I call those things such which

manifest
uneatable, not
quality) are
only by
almost

; but

natron

all others

that

this

For

nature

and

be
of

and

down

ashes

see

in humid

break

are

less

or

such

in

we

being

to

in lime

engender

usually

watery, by

being over-roasted, as

are

things

and

by

But

terrene, may

to putrefaction, and

such

such

and

things

humid.

of

to

of

corrected

addition

therefore, in

is

thing

be

to

by

mixture
such

humid

are

until

corrected

the

by

are

necessarilyrendered

humours,

sap

which

from

be

manner

necessarily more

arises

bitter

every

proper,

is sweet
is

like

already

unsavoury

require to

In

than

things

this bitterness

and

heat.

drier

which

appear

sufficientlycold

by

those

less

or

and

hot

are

are

and

terrene

are

as

food

allied

not

are

which

tlieynourish^ appear

which

which

those

those

calefacient

as

13

hotter

between

and

and

the hard

salts and

saltish thing
aphronitrum ; and if you will warm
any
to a
bitter.
Thus, the
great degree it will straightw-aybecome
of the Lake
water
Sea,
Asphaltitis,which they call the Dead
overheated
within
hollow
and
hot place, and
Ijeingcontained
a

by

the sun,

becomes

bitter,and

for this

reason

it becomes

more

SIMPLES.

14

in

bitter
of

it,and

it into

put

hollow

summ^'

the

during

sun

in winter.

than

summer

[book

vessel

in

place exposed

such

generallyis. For no animals

water_, neither plants; and although

into

it contain

near

Jericho

bitter than

of

called

Lake,

will

you

it is called

Jordan,

catch

that

see

Dead

the

will

die

Lake

which

fall
river

into

them
and

immediately,

hence
is intensely

which

that

Thus,

mouth

the

throw

and

Sea.

or

in

fishes pass

some

they

more

be found

rivers

the

the

to

especiallythe

of the

none

to

aj)pear

large fishes, more

if you

river,and

the

the

it

many

some

straightwaybecome

it will

season

will draw

if you

And

VII.

plants and animals, and is of a

parched and
dry nature, becoming like soot from roasting.
said
of bitter juices,and
Having, therefore, settled the powers
that they are
cutting, detergent, attenuant, and decidedly hot,
is inimical

bitter

to

such

degree only

the acrid ; and

first

when

applied externally to
those

animals,
and

all

are

internal

heating

powers,

but

parts ;

such

But

and
if

the

they

like,

the

seeds, carrot, anise, and

common

in

diaphoretic,and,
also useful

are

in
But

discharges.

word, cutting

juiceswould

acrid

bitter

ashes,

while

often

acrid

in

respecting all

vapours.

]Most

juices ;

for all

of smell

and

onions,
less

things,

and
than
such

of

articles

as

the
to
as

food.

vapours,

acids,and

taste

and
But

juices,it

the

of the

substances

mixed,

humiditv

much

things

acrid

such

likewise

in like

manner

but
a

as

in

the

as

the

and

some

menstrual

bitter,

this,that

therefore
since

afi'ect

bitter,there

not

are

we

use

enough
us

all

like

dry temperament

still remains

then,

of

differ from

also

as

diuretic,

are

and

chest
to

seem

in

terrene,

discutient

the

possessing strong heat,

things are not only hot but of

only

not

cantharis

parts, such

like, they

and

from

expectorations

the

as

and

of subtile

consist

to certain

call ulcerative

we

nally,
inter-

distinguishedonly by

thicker

if

natiu'e,

taken

adverse

them,

are

as

when

to

truly hot,

are

dissolvent

are

to

proceed

next

they

but

substance

to men.

arsenic, sandarach,

no

of
;

destructive

septicand

their

of

excess

skin

the

in their whole

which,

buprestisare

said

that

corrosive, caustic,escharotic, and

then

is

shall

we

of them

say

may

burn,

to

not

as

we

all

to

to

no

has

treat

few
been

of the

similarlyto

the

the senses
move
^"inegaritself,
acrid things, as garlic,
; and

pungent and offensive to the smell,

taste ; so
that, Avithout
tasting certain

like, are
the

dung,

we

are

confident

that

we

know

its

SIMPLES.

II.]

SECT.

quality, and
tilings,sucli

to

agree

callingthe
things, and
it

is but

there

their

little

bulk,
; for

nature,

them

should

parts,

so

safe to

not

from

the

be
to

judge

taste

to heat

the
and

hot

are

but

heat.

know

cold ; and

from

it is not

its smell
tasted

are

safe to

but
;

fall

in

sensation

agreeably

which

terrene

is

bitter,which
the
has

been

humid

yet from

the

is

possibleto

For
are

thick

subtile

of

form

medicines

of

colour
derive

every

certain

diate

less hot

colour

are

but

such

hotter.

as

And

the

and

kind

of

are

of

which
a

and

the

third,

of

as

simple

impracticable

more

every

the

rose

safe then,

of their

wine,

the

is cold

for

or

wheat, vetches,

And

juices it

temperament.

Avhiter

yellowish

hot, cold,

colour.

seeds, roots,

indication

; and

part in it

powers

colours
of

why

excites

sour

is hot ;

of all the

by

cause

each

is not

are

tenuity

bodies

particlesand

their

example, onions, squills,aud

the

namely,

found

are

their

temperament

and

it is still

from

substances

they

of subtile

of
qiialities

It

it is

as

shown

is the

tongue,

cold.

but

how

parts of the

parts

judgment

smell

the

simple

dry, and

of

is necessarily

from

estimate

to

its nature,

to

consists

said, to

substances

the

upon

consists

which

waterv,

all the

taste

equably

of all the

judge

it is

inodorous

are

of

its

Hence

it is not

of

in

smell

which

substance

from

terrene

degree

indication

certain

aud

is emitted

the

but

in particular

dense

apparent

is the

what

inequalityof their

The

is of

fragrant things consist

nature

smell

things

sour

from

things

tongue,

no

respiration.

it is not

that

taste

fragrantthings give no
therefore

that

in their

the

by

in

the

sweet

disproportionate

what

temperament

but
particles,

and

smell

of their

brain

to

have

quantity,thick, and

the

we

that

are

classes,

two

to

sweet

things

sour

taste

analogous

and

in

smell, odorous,

that it is

salt

natural

in

reach

for

and
particles,

of

it is

small

of thick

consist
as

that

so

not

with

case

substance

the

cold

as

is the

as

and

and

to

which

at least

smell, we

taste

have

not

are

bodies

or

them

odorous

as

from

emitted,

of

fragrant

the

to

because

of

smell

which

the

such

that

appear

things, the

substances

fetid to

And

attempt

each

them,

offend

and

not

refer

considering

the

would

do
all

we

of those

most

fetid, and

and

to

and

and

from

smell.

putrid

almost

to

of

sense

become

away,

abstain

we

once

in tlie

have

as

straightway throw
short, with regard
found

at

confidence

repose

Ave

therefore

15

and
and

they

are,

interme-

kidney-

16

SIMPLES.

beans,
and

and

chick-peas, the
others,

many

the

bright yellow,
be

can

it is

hotter

formed

far well.

so

demonstrated,
for

It

the

therefrom

of

is best

this

by

degree by
For
the

the

the

the

which

smell.'^

abstract

of Galen's

of

tract

of

of

in

the

ancient
The

of

that

substances,

information
Before

Galenical

remark,

theory

of

medicine,

of

the

but
for

Materia

present

our

the

only

on

the

works
traces

the
also
of
of

called,

Materia
take
the

the

of

Medica,

ancient

but

that

scarcely be

held

action

small

of

it is

the

pound
com-

complex

principles of

The

Chemia'

'

of the

of

knowledge
of

nature

but

supplies little
Pharmacy.

the

it

in

the

or

be

may

importance

all

old

our

of

the

literature

to

the

be

the
a

of

to

have

the

of

of

other

Quincy.
that

state

in

detected

signatures,as

exception
medical

of

days

opportunity

doctrine

herbalists, as,

and

authorities, we

with
to

the

ingeniously

commentary,

down

present

singular

to

generally ado]3ted by most

authorities
subsequent to Galen,

works

the

and

it

was

Arabian
the

is

but

of medicines

action

in

recondite

or

show

to

Simples;'

by Theophrastus (de

the

Medica

to

Simples.'

tastes

upon

alchemy,

on

of

given

example, Gerarde, Parkinson, Culpeper,

may

can

and

small

is referred

On

theory
ingenious ;

regarding

say,

not

prevails in

it

We

been

of

is

and

founded

tending

as

that

Greek

writers

few

is to
the

work

harmony.
interestingabstract

concluding

to

proper

give

Avicenna;
'

musical

ancients

on

of

of the

be

to

very

the

possessed by

no

in

Powers

of the

Plato,

explain, being

contains

before

will

taste

reader

the

opinions

nature

geometrical propertiesand
Geber

riment,
expe-

but

assisted

Book

Serapion's

appears

difficult to

the

be

'On

Second

Timajus'

Plantarum,

subject,the

vi.) Alkhendi's

medicines
and

the

'

deceived

work

the

Albengnefit.

discussed
Causis

of

be

exact

and

[Prasfatioin Aetium.)

introductorypart

useful

by

jecture
con-

said

often

of each

medicines,

of

been

of

and

if any

powers

it will

of the

first tractate

has

as

for

genus,

that

powers

VII.

kingspear,

each

so

by experiment,

powers

first five books

the

cannot

you

fuller account

white,

then,
the

In

of

gold coloured, red,

are

than

indications, in

many

as

determine

to

ascertainingtheir

to

things

are

iris, that

of

root

similarlyaffected.

are

part, such

most

[book

it has

Geber,

writer,

we

who
have

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

17

alchemy or astral influence,as having anyfirst ancient

The
thing to do with the operationof medicines.
notices alchemy, we believe,is Firmicus
writer who
(iii.)
Though
much
conceit,it
the Arabians
were
given to this superstitious
found

allusion

no

would

to

from

appear

what

minds

authoritieshadkepttheir

SECT.

ON

III.

part of

The

task

our

medical
of it.

INDIVIDUALLY.

SIMPLES

OF

their

that

the contamination

free from

POWERS

THE

Commentary.

mentioned

have

we

Comm.

which

upon

are

we

Comm.

now
'

is at

entering

of

but

feel diffident

may

venture, however,

no

far

pains as

with

this

which

that, with

and

the

commentators

that

in

our

have

of

unravel

ancient

article

the

learned

those

have

we

have

we

fully
care-

authors, and

descriptionsof the ancient

of

involved,

is

science

eveiy

intricacies

the

labours

of

have

modern
We

Dioscorides.

generallyreposed

most

fidence
con-

Dodonteus, HarcTuin, Stackhouse,

INIatthiolus,

are

paid

to

power

intention, upon

Schneider, Sprengel, and

we

to

Theophrastus, Pliny, and

on

mention

may

important, that we cannot

it properly. We
execute
have
reader that we
spared

the

assure

ourselves

availed

likewise

to

department

this

compared

abilities

our

lay in

as

and

arduous

so

once

of

deal

good

It will

Sibthorp.

attention

English herbalists,the study of whose

reflectingmuch

important, as
of this subject.

to

works

of

consider

we

that

seen

works

the

ancient

the

light on

our

highly

literature

freelyfrom a variety
limits prevent us from
of other soui'ces.
As our
entering into
the discussion
of controverted
sity
points,we are under the necesof merel}'^
own
investigationsin
giving the result of our
wish to see
the commentator's
each case.
Those
who
opinions
these

fullyon

more

Dunbar's

Greek

'

We

further

also be

have

matters

are

culled

referred

Lexicon,' which

the

Appendix to
exclusivelyby

to

written

was

him.

'A/3ooro"'0)',
Abrotonum,

being
of

very

the whole
to

the

discutient

small

degree
body, it cures

stomach

unburnt,
III.

of

Southermoood,

cures

; and

and

cuttingnature,

of sourness,

the

periodicalrigors.
burnt

alopecia,along

being
with

for it is

if rubbed

and

more

some

third

dries in the

and

warms

But

possessed

with
it is

oil

pver

prejudicial

desiccative
of the

gree,
de-

than

finer oils.
2

the

'
"

'"

'
"

Dioscorides

Commentary.

CoMM.

[book

SIMPLES.

18

the

femina.

the

and

mas.

Abrotanum

Artemisia

of its faculties

other
of

use

minthic.

the

For
iElian

historian
authorities

latter

is

ancient

as

who

by

it

of

most

strongly

an

anthel-

the

natural
medical

the

modern.

and

ancient

applicationin ophthalmy, along with the pulp of a

quince, it is highly spoken of by Galen and the others.

As

an

says,

with

friction

that

intermittents, and
authorities

down

to

praising it as an
abortion,
266.)
(ii,
in
particularly
the

and

of the

diseases

cleansing medicines
tincture

vinous

He

poisons.

Galen, under
boiled

that, when
coldness

vinous

of the

this head

adds, upon

oil and

with

others

tues
vir-

them

in

authority,joinsthe
as

antidote

an

tincture

rubbed

the

over

Pharmacopoeia (Athens, 1837), the two

of Artemisia
described
are
by the names
Pereira
See further
misia contra.
(M.

of it is useful

in

Dioscorides

authority,"

stomach, it

In the

cures

Greek

modern

wormwood

species of

Ai-te-

and

Abrotonum
M.

more

narcotic

to

unknown

"an

(De Simpl. 317.)

same.

the

on

quoting freelyfrom

Serapion, after

sea-sickness.
and

says, that

also

the

alopecia. Celsus ranks

mention
(v,5.) Pliny makes
also Dioscorides
See
(v, 49.)
and

anus

(xiv,19.)
MacerFloridus, a comparativelymodern
it
in commending
authorities
ancient

of

all the

by

southernwood, recommending

of

in

says,

is fuller than

Aetius

Galen

joins Dioscorides
that it produces

Avicenna

emmenagogue,

lixivial ashes

of the

of it is confirmed

times.

recent

in

it among

character

this

roasted

is useful

southernwood

oil of

the

as

treated

has

internallyas
is praised by

Medica, both

Materia

the

on

it

purpose

ix, 33), and

A.

(H.

and

Cha-

Santolina

recommends

He

elaborately.

most

is the

doubt

the

author

ancient

externallyin fomentations,

both

probably

species,

two

without

one

subsequent

the

describe

southernwood

is the

Galen

Hippocrates, but

The

the

The

mcecyparissus.

of

most

exception of Paulus,

the

authorities^with

and

vii.

1356.)

'A'yaXXo^oi',
Agallochum,
aromatic
the

mouth.

to

the

amount

of

tone

in

the

Indian

an

When

nature.

of

and

is

of

chewed

is also

It
a

wood

drachm

stomach,

pleuriticcomplaints.

and

resembling
it contributes

the

thyia,of

to the

fragrance

perfume.

Its root, when

weight, cures

waterbrash

agrees

with

an

drunk
and

loss

hepatic, dysenteric,

[book

SIMPLES.

20

vii.

Ayrjparov,
is

Ageratum, Maudlin,
anti-inflammatory
'

herbalists

modern

Our

'
"

that

this is

and

the

commentators

commended

been
the

as

Dioscorides, however,

uterus.

Galen

heating, whereas
We

(iv,59.)
in those
the

of

do

is

Celsus,

Yitex,
It consists
believed

of

drunk, but
drunk,
toasted

acts

as

'
'

see

It

iElian

place

in

(1,134), and
in the

is

of

'

"

and

sour

Co:\iMENTARY.
'

which
the

But

probably

our

of

When

the

VitCcV

of the medical

modern

authorities

lately,however,

Oui"

(De Simpl.)

Parnassus

is

author
For

the

abridges
Arabians,

(Cont. 1. ult. 31.)

Rhases

is

particularlyuseful

which

an

of

fine

agglutinant

it

particles,
of

bloody

lithontriptic.
treats

couch-grass,

agrostisin Parnasso,

also,when

AypwoTiC)

Dioscorldcs
is

and

eaten

spleen.

Until

character.

it,therefore,is

its decoction

it is

Hippocrates.

of

that

rank.

distributable.

(ii,
2, 4-3),and

works

Grass,

is somewhat

Avounds,
'"

and

liver

desiccative,moderately cooling, consists

and

CoMM.

the

more

Galen

'

Gramen,

third

Its seed

one.

Pharmacopoeia.

our

Avicenna
particularly
occurs

the

when

only

(H. A.ix,36.)

this

to

extracts

dispelsflatulence,whence

of

and

in

dries

anaphrodisiacal powers
chaste-tree,are noticed by most

its claims

Dioscoridiss

and

under

deobstruent

authorities,and by

former,

merely gives

The

Agnus Castus, or

it held

of the

Hippocrates, nor
treated
of by any of

it

chastity, not

to

it is less flatulent

question

tory.
anti-inflamma-

A.yi'og
T] \vyoQ,

strewed

when

also

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

contribute

to

of

is

57.)
(ii,

particlesand

fine

works

found

heats
C/taste-tree,

the

text

the

we

Galen

'

in the

of
it

that

say

mildly

as

Baithar, who

Ebn

and

Dioscorides

it in

have

nor

it

has

it

emollient

an

to

seems

error

some

find

not

Arabians, except

from

represents

there

Perhaps

and

medicine

diuretic

eupa-

times

modern

to

Afferatum,

it is his

that

hold

down

generally agreed

are

the Achillea

say,

INIesue

on

Dioscorides

From

torium.

is to

that

maudlin,

our

slightly

powers.

Commentary.

CoMM.

and

discutient

of

possessed

separatelyof
or

has been

Triticum
very

the

repens,

agrostis,
and

of

doubtfullyreferred

"

to
to

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

coufouuded

have

the

applied to
other.

the

palustris. (iv,30.) Our

Parnassia

the

21

these

latter the

The

herbalists

modern

Comm.

appear

together, and

which

characters

would

articles

two

author

Dioscorides
with

agree

gives

the

'

have

to

'

to

ancients

in

the couch-grass as being diuretic aiM lithoncommending

of the commentators
herbalists
have
or
given
triptic. None
of the esculent
of Galen.
The
a
satisfactoryaccount
grass
Arabians
treat of the grasses
cular
very confusedly. See in partiAWcenna

(ii,2, 704)
In

Serapion (c. 119.)

Ttiticum

stands

repens

Latini

agrostem

for the

onoclea

has

whence

it is useful

suitable

remedy

leaves

less

are

therefore,they

there

for

The

desiccative

drunk

also

for

but being more

:
scarcelygot a name
of the
it is applicablein cases
taken

in

draught

Commentary.

the

to

The

of

extent

first

an

speciesis

root, and,

the

diarrhcea.

The

lycapsos
erysipelas.

with

manner

of

possessed

applied as a cataplasm, as
fourth varietybeing smaller

The

eaten.

than

these, is beneficial

properties than

vipers,when

is called

bitter;
astringent and somewhat
in spleniticand
It is a
neplu'iticcases.
applied with polenta. The
erysipelaswhen

more

medicinal

which

are

is

astringent,agrees in like
onochilos
(or alcibiadios)being

being

that

For

powers.

cooling and
are

varieties,all of which

four

are

saine

which

root

(p.72.) Apuleius says "Grseci

a.

appellant."

possessed of the

not

(Contin. 1. ult. iii,50);

Greek
Pharmacopoeia the

modern

the

gramen

Anchusffi, Alkanet

Rhases

for

stronger

the

bites

amulet, and

an

than

bitter

the

than

broad

of

when

others, has
the

lumbricus

dios,
alcibiawhen

acetabulinn.
either

the

Anchusa

tine-

Comm.
'

toria

L.,

Echium
the

the

or

italicwn

fourth

tinctorhim

Litkospermum
L.

the

Our

author, in his

who, in his turn, copies from

and

Haly

and

Galen.

is

used

diffiisum,and

species the Lithospermum fruticosum. There

ancients.

our

lycapsos,the

alcibiadios,the Echiinn

difficulty,
however, in determining

in

the

Abbas

modern

The

borrow

only

all
one

account

of

the

them, follows

Dioscorides.

they

Pharmacopoeias
for
only
colouring.

substances

is the Anchusa
The

siderable
con-

of the

Galen,

AA'icenna, Rhascs,

say of them

of these

alkanets

is

medicinal

from
that

Dioscorides
is retained

tinctoria,and
virtues

of

it
the

'
'

Lithospermum,

CoMM.

"

SIMPLES.

22

of any

or

speciesof EcMum,

'

'

'

iiized.

Indeed,

modern

Greek

as

it to be

the

is

sort

Adarce
rubbish

and

be

cannot

of the

anchusa

of

froth
It

salt

taken

stated

and

Dioscorides, Galen,
the

other

it

concretion

saline

was

salt lakes.

But

and

that

modern

no

think

it

given by
substantially

probable that
this

Arabians

borrow

A^icenna

adarce

from

2, 17)
(ii,

him

have

under

Dioscorides

(v,136.)
in

See

The

particular
mentioned

It is not

Serapion (c. 378.)

which

applied to

Alcyonium.

this head.

treated

from

been

sciatica

question,

has

alcyonkim,

lepra and

of

cure

in

in

could

never

]Medica

may

See

zoophyte.

it for the

recommends

the

he

substance

the

herbs

and

that

Materia

is that

gather

reeds

the

it to

is
can

confesses

the

compares

we

about

found

authority on

speciesof

some

had

he

Dioscorides

of it.
we

jNIatthiolus

even

satisfyhimself

formed

it

substance

this

all

which

to

for

things ;

authorities

other

author's,from

our

as

same

the

almost

heating

'

"

mitting
ad-

in

collecting abont

water,

internally.
The
descriptionof

be

to

ancients.

acrid, and

is veiy

the

in

hesitation

no

applied externally with

Commentary.

CoMM.

of

have

VII.

recog-

retained

is

it is there

as

need

we

common

weeds.

when

burning

and

Pharmacopceia,

scarcely

are

tiuctoria

Ancliusa

plant in Greece,

common

the

[book

Celsus.

by

''A.^'iavTov,
Maiden-hair,

Adiantum,

discutient

intermediate

an

and

with

place.

expectorationsfrom
belly.

its

promotes
says

the

the

same

can

be

property
the

as

no

describes

of not

growth
of it.

same

the

doubt

to

and

heat

being

of the

wet

hair.

(Ther. 846.)

says

stops

it derives

that

P.

vii,13.)
to

its

adds,

He

According

of the

another

species by

CapiUus
the

name

Veneris
of

name

that

Apuleius, it
L.

it

Nicander

callitrichon,
polytrichon,and asplenon.
that it is the A.

holds

cold, it

defluxions

in rain.

(H.

rately
mode-

alopecia,discusses
in a draught, di'ies

taken

lungs, and

Theophrastus

Commentary.
from

regard

It, therefore, cures

the

up

and

desiccative,attenuant,

when
lithoutriptic

swellings, proves

CoMM.

is

There

Dioscorides

which
rpt^oVmi^cc,

is

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

Schneider

and

Sprengel

23

referringit

in

agree

the

to

Aspleniuin

Comm.
'

"

L.

Trichomanes

Stackhouse
The

species.

these

place in the shops

from

varieties.

two

desiccative

It

inflammations

Commentary.
describes
and

specieswhich

Sedum

latter

to

which

may

S.

house-leek

is

the
eyes

bites

possess

medicinal

be

to

in

of

some

refrigerantand

^Etonychon

wine

greater
ache,
head-

tery
dysen-

for

stopping
applicationto the

an

commends

the
this

Greeks.

it in

the

Ebn

Even

head.

These

plants,

still allowed

Dispensatory, are

our

properties. See
in

The

Serapion,Avicenna, Rhases,

from

retained

with

Floridus

merely copy
nothing originalunder

not

species,

applicationfor

an

as

Macer

calls it acidula.

He

It is still retained
is held

and

pessary,

Abbas

has

although

as

'

the

refers

third

stellatum.

di'unk

when
a

has

Comm.

arbo-

Sempervivum

spiders,diarrhoea, and

ophthalmy (iv,88, 89.)

Haly

Baithar

Sedum

venomous

in

women

menorrhagia.
and

of

the

Dioscorides

anthelminthic

an

fluor of
in

Dioscorides
to

praisedby

for the
as

referred

the

be

andAetius,

Lindley, however,

Dr.

ochroJeuciim.

Galen

from

to

seem

rupestre.

be

defluxion.

author, coppng

Our

two

degree, is moderately
applicable for erysipelas,

is

from

there

thii'd

in the

cools

astringent, and

and

herpes, and

?), of which

TFaU-pepper (or House-leek

Sempervivum,

reum

its

medicine, is prepared

domestic

favorite

still holds

'

Adiantum.

the

are

as

respecting both

which
capillaire,

of

syiaip

them

with

agrees

to

Lindley (^'^eg.
Kingd. 345.)
foreign Dispensatories,and

astringent.

will be treated

of under

the

head

of Stones.

A07joa,
Pulticula,Pap, is
is

prepared from

with

children.

Co.MMENTARV.
It

is the

bouiUie

Puis

in

prepared

ground
It

of

puis

also for

Dioscoridcs

wheat,

pup.

and

being supped,
any

corn,

the

same

agrees

^Matthiolus

from

rice.

of

account

says

Hcsychius speaks

Pliny

and

which

cataplasms.

gives

fritillaof Pliny.
e.

fit for
from

speltor

answers

French, i.

from

kind

it.

it is called
of

its

being

Lomm.
'

'
'

SIMPLES.

24

[BOOK

vii.

Atyt'Awi/',
possessed of discutient

-^gilops,Cockle, is
it

and

inflammatious

indurated

cures

wlience

poTvers,

segilops(fistula
lachiy-

malis.)
"

in determining tlie
great difficulty

is

There

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

grasses
'

ancients.

of the

''

Herbar

of Gerarde
the

probably

of

mentions

further

dried,

211),

See

in

the

Galen.

copies

flour and

with

up

He

Arabians

borrow

particularAviceuna

2,
(ii,

Serapion (c.25.)

Its

leaves, when

but

the

resin

restorative

Atyf{ooc,

of it

being

ointments

drunk

with

applied

with

it is

heating in the

consists

of

fine

vinegar, remove

hotter

and

than

first

particles.
pains ;

gouty

leaves, is mixed

the

with

plasters. But its fruit,

beneficial to epileptics.

emollient

vinegar, is

Commentary.

CoMM.

was

gives nearly

The

(iv,136.)

use

Populus nigra, the Black

Poplar
degree, moderately desiccative,and

'

present article

juice of it,mixed

the

'

when

The

author, ^yho

our

for

up

by consulting the

seen

Dioscorides

ovata.

as

be

may

subject.

Dioscorides.

closely from
and

it
that

laid

was

this

on

JEgilops

account

same

This

There

be

can

doubt

no

it

that

is

the

'

Populus

"

both

Our

nigra.

Greek

and

author

and

Arabian, copy

We

will have

occasion

See

Karabe.

Celsus

to

does

of its gum
mention

not

ai-ynooq

of Hippocrates
Kpr]TiKi]

Populus

nigra.

Avicenna

For

the

-,

(i,110.)

afterwards.
The

poplar.

doubt

no

Arabians,

(ii,
2, 333, 340, 364)

resin

or

the black

was

authorities,

Dioscorides

closelyfrom

treat

other

all the

variety

consult

in

Serapion (c.266)

particular
and

of

Ehases

(Cent-.1. ult. i, 165.)

AtSotoi',
Testiculus,
with

wine

bitten

'
'

drunk,

and

by vipers.

Commentary.

CoMM.
"

the testicle of

mends
All

the
copy

is

privy parts
Dioscorides

'MQu\n

stag, when

remedy

It is also mixed
Sextus

from

and

of

to

^vith

Platonicus
a

stag

as

in
an

dried
those

and
who

compound
like

triturated
have

medicines.

manner

antidote

recom-

for

46.)
(ii,

Xiyvvqwill

be

treated

under

been

A.

poisons.

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

25

AlOlOTTiq,
aud

nmllein;
ischiatic

and

trachea,

when

^tkiopis,

English

with

taken

of

It

of

of

of it.

extract

exception

from

Dioscorides

Sanguis,
swine

liquid

hot,

removes

and

it is

it

keeps

of

the

from

the

if drunk
breaks

down

lambs

cures

drunk

blood
said

bears,

with

of

kidneys.

of the

goose.

in

of blood

goats, and

contains

That
The

of

blood

antidote
the

land

the

of
from

blood

of

that

says
its

to

ness,
dryand

fowJs
of

that

and

of

blood

the
the

from

in,
that

dropsy,

brain,

vinegar, to

said,

dog-tick.

domestic

recently coagulated

goats, of buck

The

the

of

of

is

also

manner

cases

with

if rubbed

goats, owing

of the

of

trephining,

remedies,

That

membranes

vision.

deadly poisons, and

stag, and

of

blow;

bats, it

and

all these

in the

septicmedicines.

in like

injected

drunk

virgins,and,

is beneficial

wild

of

of

chamseleon

that

vomiting

if

when

in

pigeons,

from

cases

that

human

wood

eyes

blood

and

tlie

ripen apostemes.

acuteness

of

milk,

cures

of

the

The

equal quantity

an

hemina,

to

owl,

epilepsies. The
with

of

of

But

of the

stops hemorrhages

in

trial of

him.

stones

mater,

of

made

with

dura

growing

blood

they disappointed

the

breasts

the

temperament,

about

That

nature, but

the

blood

dyspnoea.

the

to

Galen, having

half

moderate

the

upon

hair

frogs,and

But

if

of

water, relieves

preservative

who

head.

this

like

very

pigeons,

common

extravasated

poured

or

jMedica

Baithar,

cold

hot, being

less
of

That

it is of

of

anti-inflammatory.

wine
is

and

turtle, being

when

Dios-

Aifxa,

kind

no

temperament.
the

Ebn

Comm.
'

nor

from

Materia

under

the

Galen

borrowed

of

Salvia

Blood

and

the

gives

Neither

it in the

the

the

Gerarde

has

find

not

'

is

petty-

relieves

asperityof

being

herbalist

author

do

with

tlie

drunk,

as

^Ethiopia.

Our

We

Arabians,

down

set

English

mullein

treated

merely gives an

of

its root, when

be

our

(iv,193.)

the

like

honey.

may

which

name

corides

leaves

and
pleimtic diseases, hsemoptj'sis,

to

has

of

decoction

the

Commentary.

Aetius

has

^tliiopis^Ethiojnan Sage,

Salvia

kids,
of

amount

The

chest.
of

bulls, is

crocodile

duces
promixed

stallions

is

bloods

is

given

the

duck,

of

for
the

SIMPLES.

26

"~^^'

in

degree, being equal

Commentary.

CoMM.
'
'

be

may

it

down

set

fullest

the

and

spreading

and

lepra

wine

for

he

able

in

English

old

this

herbalists

linseed

as

iris.

works

the

of

cataplasm;

repeat

cense,
frankin-

Aetius

says,

have

We

not

Avicenna

the

ancient

nor

Dioscorides

copy

and

for

Hippocrates

merely

in

tumours;

(ii,122.)

than

(c. 70)

Serapion

for lichen

and

applied

Arabians

The

gangrenous

myrrh, saffron, and

attenuant

in

gives

recommends

vinegar

indolent

conception

less

; he

pigeon^s dung

with

it noticed

See

and

and

Arabians,

Dioscorides

applicationto

sulphm'

mulse

third

in the

of the

faculties

and

with

almost

Zizanien

an

as

strumous

Celsus.

Galen.

Our

but

find

to

of

those

and

with

it promotes

acrid

been

boiled

fumigation

says

more

with

boiled

Galen.

Animalibus.)

ex

temulentum.

salt

and

discussing
in

it is

and

from

iris.

the

its medicinal

of

when

used

and

Lolium

sores,

disease

ischiatic

the

radishes

drying,

is the

which

as

and
to

power

This,

account

with

along

article

vii.

A.ipa,

heating

is

Loliunij Darnel,

'

this

abridges

particularSerapion (De Simpl,

in

also

See

author

Our

CoMMEXTARY.

CoMM.

[book

(ii,2, 658.)
characters

of

plant.
A/caXAic
fruit

of

which

is

ingredient

'

Our

article.

the
with
or

of

author

myrica

decoction

the

Egypt,

Collyria,for promoting

the

and

copies

variety

by

of

the

Hippocrates

it

as

of

acute-

or

nor

it is
does

have

we

the

bling
resem-

species

some

appear

found

this

conjectm-e,

merely

not

of

under

plant,

therefore

may

It

Arabians,

treated

Egyptian

an

We

tamarix.

not

Dioscorides, who,

probability,that

the

of

have

Aetius

from

(i,118.)

considerable

treated

in

aKaKouCiq,describes

of

name

in

growing

Galen

Commentary.

CoMM.
*

an

^-ision.

of

ness

"

shrub

is the

that

it in the

it is
works

Celsus.

'A/ca/c/a,
Acacia

coohng
and

third

is of the
medicines

terrene.

but

order
if

of

desiccants, and

washed,

of

the

second.

of the

first of

It is

sour

SIMPLES.

28

(v,2) belong

Celsus

CoMM.
'

'
'

this

to

ascribed

Pharmacop.

M.

the

to

70)

p.

acacia,

ancients

the

which

vit.

Modern

for certain.

chai-acters

M.

(See Ruttr,

it.

to

rather

not

determine

the

confirmed

have

authorities

place, or

cannot

^lilligansuggests, -^ve

as

[book

Gray (Suppl.

to

45.)

p.

A/cai'0(oi',
therefore

powers,

'
"

describe
either

affirms

tetanus, and
and

modern,

may

be

have

written

and

Pliny.

See

Beckmann

it is of

virtues

ascribe

to

by comparing

amused

The

this

what

Gerarde

cotton-thistle

(Encycl. of

Garden,

long

reader

used

as

Culpeper
Dioscorides

potherb.

Artichoke)

736.)

p.

A.KavBa

Spina alba, the

and

descriptionsof

was

ancient

The

case.

luA-entions, under

of

(History

others, both

the

with

affected

persons

it in

ancient

the

it with

of

to

sernce

authority all

his

upon

Loudon

and

that

lUijrkii.m,cotton-thistle.

0.

or

and

meaning
cotton-thistle,

of the

name

heating

delineate

herbalists

other

our

acanthium

Onojwrdon

Dioscorides

the

plant under

this

the

and

Gerrard

Commentary,

CoMM.
'

has

composed of fine particles,and

it is a remedy for convulsions.

is

Acanthium,

XtvKTj,
Its

IVhite-thorn.

is

root

desiccative

it relieves stomachic

therefore
moderately astringent,

and

complaints,

its seed, consisting of fine

; but
haemoptysis, and toothache
drunk
relieves conparticles,and being of a hot nature, when
Acantha
"vailsions.
yEgyptia, or Arabica, the Egyptian or

thorn, is possessed of very

Arabic

it restrains

Whence

powers.

^^^
we

refer

may
the

and
the

the

latter,or

12.)

See

Avicenna

(CoUig. \, 42)

to the

Arabian,

follow

authorities

therefore

it

of

blood

other

and

Onopordon

acanthium.

in giA'ingits characters,

Dioscorides

(ii,
2, 671-3) ; Serapiou (c.130)

Rhases

(Cont.
'

Acinus;

flow

desiccative
charges.
dis-

Respecting the two thistles here described,

former, with Sibthorp,to the Cirsium Acarna,

Commentary.

CoMM.

astringent and

resembles

it restrains

1. ult.

(iii,

Averrhoes

i, 670.)

A.KIVOQ,

basil, and
aMne

All

and

is

moderately astringent,
discharges,when

uterine

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

in

taken

draught

erysipelasand

for

Oui*

name

of wild

there

seems

not

are

Galen

that

of the

anv

(ii,254)

Wolfsbane,
be

may

lycoctonon, being

Comm.
'

described

Arabians

works

this

it.

has

have

in

deed
In-

described
found

we

'

it in

of Celsus.

Wa^ca\iayyi^Q,
of

possessed

is, therefore,

it

externally it

is

the

pilosum, and

authority

has

neither

in the

A/vOi'trov or

properties ;

use

it under

Ocimum

their

Serapion

nor

Baithar

Aconitum,

of

'

the

question

Hippocratic collection, nor

the

cataplasm, is

describe

perhaps

to

aware

Ebn

except

as

herbalists

old

reason

Neither

we

applied

basil, meaning
little

instance.

when

pliygethlon.

Commentary.

it

and

29

flesh

applied to
of

possessed

former, is pai'ticularlyfatal

be

to

not

septic and
taken

erosion.

The

properties

same

wolves,

to

internalh', but

requiring

the

deleterious

the

as

the

as

is

other

to

panthers.
The

Commentary.

(iv, 77), and

Dioscorides

supposed

of

Koiufxaoov

been

already

Fifth

Book

of among

treated

It

("45.)

principallyin complaints
of

the

C)76.)
either
that

aconites, borrows
He

of

says

was

used

only

as

in the

pains of the

in

it is not

treating

(ii,2, 361,
administered

of

says

the

aconite,

(Cont. 1.

eyes.

and

anodyne,

Dioscorides

Bliases

The

substances
an

Neo-

It has

from
that

the

latter.

Avicenna

lycoctonon,

reheve

to

the

Comm.
'"

Aconitum

these.

eyes.

externally.

internally or
it

the

be

to

used

of

the

of

poisonous

closely

the

former

seem

the

was

and

by

generally

are

Pharmacopoeia,

the

would

described

authorities,

Greek
for

Hippocrates

aconite

Parclaliandtes

substituted

is

montamim

other

modern

the

In

Napellus.

the

the Doronicum

be

to

species of

two

ult.

i,

20.)
'

Acorum,
its root

use

also

Flag,

for

diuietic, and

attenuates

tliickened

Commentary.

psendacorus,
stated, and
maintained.

A/copov,

heats

Siveet

It

not

the
All

the

scirrhus

third
of

the

degree.

We
It

spleen.

cornea.

appears

Acorus

diies in the

for

indisputably

Gerarde

even

as

and

verus,

ancient

the
as

old
Dr.

authorities

to

be

herbalist
Hill

and

ascribe

the

Acorus

has
others
much

Comm
'

clearly
have
the

"

'

CoMM.

it

virtiies to

same
'

(i^ 2)

as

(ii,2, 45)
lu

Serapion (c.269.)
with

author.

our

A"\dcenna

identified

the

KoXa/nog

the

of

The

women.

the

relieves

wine,
'

and

Greeks,

'

It

is

quitc

certain

of the

Romans

or

Locusta

the

it

doubt, then,

and

of

the

(ii,56)
treats

this

ancients.
of

They

food

does

A%dcenna
locusta

only

the

and

discutient

locusts

'
"

The

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

bucus
for

and

nigra

the

recommends

boiled,

for

Galen

and

terms

like

borrow

from

German
agree

Paulus.

and

is

the

with

him.

The

bv

the

article

an

Pharmacopoeia.

Allien
the

eaten

humilis

commended

Dioscorides
the

the

uterus

treat

of

and
be
of

in

Galen.
the
Ebn

Sontheimer,
Sambucus

has

(iv, 161.)

it in

general

it

(Cont. 1, ult. i,

Baithar, according
in which
of

been

generally
particularlySerapion

of Rhases

acte

is

further

elder

treating of

See

elder

He

of

Sa?yi-

ancients

states, the

hardness

Arabians

the

the

by

stomach.

authorities

drunk

or

bowels.

and

alctha

In

as

which

The

translator. Dr.

either

in

to

Celsus

used

of water

Dioscorides

Dioscorides

(ii,28.)

much

Greek

from

with

Greek

other

It appears

(c. 284.)
23)

the

food

made

obstructions

its larvous

^a/xaiaKTr], Sambucus

water

As

disagrees

hip-bath

in

wingless

fuieyaXri,

much

are

dropsy.

but

hydragogue,

Without

The

species of elder, namely,

two

Ebulus,

of

cure

of

were

powers.

of

discharge

L.

locust

possessed of desiccative,moderately

are

agglutinative

occasion

they

the

(ii,2, 388.)

same

modern

in the

Ebulus, Dwarf-elder,

vel

of
'A/cpig

abridges,

article

Elder-tree, and

the

in

xi,35.)

insect

and

an

Afcrrj

Sambucus,

N.

noticed, however,

not

of medicine

or

H.

cially
espe-

drunk

speciesof

was

is the

the

as

kuovm,

are

dysuria^

the

migratorius

author

our

that

Phn.

copies from,

is well

as

wav,

by

author

Our

state.

(ad

GryUus

the

was

mentioned

locusta

Harduin

See

grasshopper.

relieve

wingless grasshopper, when

scorpions.

it is

Pharmacopoeia

fumigations

of

21)

(p. 32.)

a^oj/naTLKog

in

1. ult.

(Cont.

Greek

bite

CoMMEXTAKY.

CoMM.

Rhases

vii,

particularlyDioscorides

See

modern

Locustse^ Grasshoppers,

'

[book

SIMPLES.

30

A^icenna

opinion

we

his

to

fully

(ii,2, 611)

is

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

elder, but

the

not

detect

the

other

the

in

Book

he

have

^Ye

jasmine.
his

that

scarcely suppose

31

the

on

been

not

to

Comm.
'

'

but

Med.,

Mat.

entirelyoverlooked

has

able

"

can

it.

"AX.c,
Sales, Salts, have
fore

they

by

preserve

substances

in the

are

body,

and

also

they form pickles,and

astringency. Whence
salts are
from
more
putrefaction. Eoasted

their

contract

TMiere-

astringent powers.

humours

whatever

consume

and

desiccant

discutient.
For

Commentary.

of the

account

an

salts of the

factitious

Comm.
'

ancients,
remarks
skum

or

that

the

down

of

salt

he

adds,

is

soda

called

of

the

Salmasius,
it

that

merelv

of the
of the

copy

his

Hill

of the

sal

fact,from

salt,nobody

ammoniac

then

was

so

sal

ably
considerwith

agree

also

maintains
See

gem.

avoid

can

also

He

It is

scription
de-

that

seeing

it

of the

treats

great length that

of them.

account

prived
de-

Dioscorides'

fossil salt.

common

salts at

some

"When

to

seems

Dr.

In

15.)
(iii,

and

salt,and

fossil

gem.

peculiar form

varietv

to

venture

not

sal

native, impure

The
(v. a^povtr|Ooi'.)

Geoffrey

the

JIos salis,

or

caustic,and

native

ours.

was

faculties

medicinal

ancients

was

Mineral.'

'

of the
was

it

only

was

Jameson^s

the

dare

we

translated
literally

them
recommends
internally
by Pliny (xxxi,45.) He
in
and
and
in
the
mouth
fomentations,
externally
clysters,
by
of Diosthe
whole
baths, and fumigations. Serapion quotes
additional
Salts without
corides' chapter on
supplying much
describes
He
information
of his own.
minutely the process
of

roasting

with

coals,
he

red
with

salts in
and

thus

applying

describes, from

salt,extracted
much

from

pungency

satisfv ourselves

whether

heat

clear

(c, 409.)
or

The

them.

authorities, as

Arabian
hard

to

not

We

stones, and
never

this be

them

covering

vessel, and

earthen

an

the

'
^

situations

its colour.

owes

it becomes

Greeks

from

different

it

Sprengel
merely the

magnesia, lime,

also

acid

virpovby

a^poc

ammoniac

that

which

to

its carbonic

of

substance, being

containing

a'Aoc avOog,

The

in.

different

admixtm'e,

terrene

xxxi, 39.)

maris, is
ayrvr^, or spuma
in such
sticks to rocks
salt,which

very

of

carbonate

N.

aXog

usually formed

is

as

particularPliny (H.

in

see

being

niac
ammo-

white

being saltish,

could
same

sal

up

altogether
as

the

sal

"

SIMPLES.

32

'

'

"

"

"

tlie Greeks.

of

ammoniac

CoMM.

indistinct

sal

to

2, 608) are brief and

(ii^
ammoniac, but probably refer

also

lias

description of

be

could

appear

xxxvi, 45.)

Still,liowever,

setting down

the

being

as

which
that

variety of

and

ammoniac

the

arrives

Beckmann
Geber

salt of the

ammoniac

sal

Avicenna

It
and

propertiesin
This

Commentary.
'

'^

seed

is

be

the

author
of

decoction

grievous pains

the

of toothache

recommends

marsh-mallow

as

advises

the

i, 26)

Malvacece

does

It

all

agree

to

seem

The

and

be

of

sub-astringent.

be noticed

views.
the
For
;

This

either

in

in'

tions.
affec-

with
to

it in
over

go

Even

our

praises of
the

the

Arabians,

Rhases
genus

(Cont.
of

the

by Hippocrates

in the

modern

or

Greek

1837.

AXt/iiov,

heterogeneous

But

useless

(c. 76)

Serapion

agree

cases

acute

rinsed

Dioscorides.

or

author

our

the

other

be

to

Althaa

consists

also

are

speaks highly of
in dysuria, the

Avine

(Collig.v, 42.)

Averrhoes
not

have

they

Besides

new
supply no
in repeating

bv

delivered

'

Halimon

lows.
mal-

arborea

whole

the

would

occurs
officinalis
Athens
Phai-macopoeia,pubhshed at

Celsus.

our

seed

and

fuller than

with

mouth

(iii,
153.)

(ii,2, 72)

Avicenna

degree,

calculus, dysentery, and

herbalists

1. ult.

drunk

it when

and

root

it,Dioscorides

authorities, who

other

modern

see

of

also

He
cases

with

wild

the Lavatera

Dioscorides
is much
officinalis.
but
its properties,
in enumerating
upon
character.
its
well
to
as
general
very
our

holds, however,

lithontriptic.

either

must

the

Althcea

which

conclusion

is the
he

authors

speciesof

intense

more

The

detergent of alphos.
CoMM.

is

But

(phymata).

tumours

other

all the

medical

discutient,relaxant, anti-inflammatory,soothing,

is

ripens

in

E/3t'(r/coc,

Jf

Ebiscus, Marsh-mallows,

or

H.

hesitation

no

would

(N.

certainlyacquainted
Inventions.)

'A\9aia
Althsea

it

Pliny

it

were

(History of

salt.

it.

ammoniac.

This

regarding

at

of

Greek

gem.

tlie

sal ammoniac.

kinds

have

and

describing

true

sal

our

need

we

in

vii.

600)

salt, whicli

factitious

else than

nothing

the

several

describes

minutely

Baithar

1. ult.

(Cont.

Rliases

A^dcenna

Ebn

"

[book

the

particles,
being

greater part

of

it is of

saltish
a

hot

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

mth

temperament,

or

Dioscorides

author

the

For

characters

abridges the

the

Arabians,

of

from

Atriplex Halhnus,

this

Galen

Comm.
'

'

'

sea-purslaneof our
English
A
vicenna
particularly
(ii,2,

It is the

(i,126.)

herbalists.

promotes

semen.

probably is

which

substance,

and

Our

Commentary.

It therefore

undigested sap.

an

of milk

formation

the

33

see

470.)
AXKciia,
with

drunk
the

wine

it

removes

All

Commentary.

evidentlyis

Celsus,

the Malva
mallow.
in

far

gi^dng

this

Alccea,Yervain-mallow,

the

Comm.

particularlyDioscorides
either of Hippoworks
crates

the

as

in

agree

See

occur

as

nor,

of

root.

authorities

the

general characters of the

154.) It does not
(iii,
or

its
particularly

belly,more

which
article,

When
speciesof wild mallows.
dysenteriesand gnawing pains

is

Alcaea, Vervain-mallow,

in

know,

we

of

those

the

Arabians.

AX/cvovm,
Alcyonia ; they
being possessed of
is

an

vermiform

sium

(it

when

biu-nt,it

That

which

and

has

only detergent,but
unwashed

likewise

wool

Commentary.

is

the

best

called

mile-

wherefore,

lichen

is most

acrid, proving

and

alphos.

which

that

not
sembles
re-

of all.

weakest

of the

account

an

kind

excoriating; but

is the

For

the

cleanses

sui'face

smooth

but

purple)

alopecia,and

cures

of all matters,

discutient

detergent and
acrid quality;

are

Aristot.

alcyonia,see

Comm.
'

(Hist.

Anim.

According
which

the

ix, 15)

Sprengel,

to

1 st
A.

which

species

stuposa, Ellis, or

aurantium,

the

alcyonia

and

when

rich

spongy
interior.
III.

3d,

"

soup."

the A.

(Mat.
of

are

palmatum

The

Med.

of

v,

Pall.

135.)

called
a

abridges

sort

of fishes
The

up.

of

zoophytes, five
and
Pliny. The

the

4th,

and

the

2d, the

the

the

they

swell

Spongia
5th,

GeofFroy
like gum

milk

warm

bones

Pall.
;

much

zoophytes

author

kind

cotoneum,

xxxii, 27.)

vomited

Dioscorides

by

substances, containing
Our

to

substance

in broth

of the
and

Spongia panicea,

Pall.

mixed

applied

Alcyonium

the

swallowed

and

47,

x,

consisted

A.

described

are

is the

papillosum

A.

the

also

was

H.

Pliny (N.

kingfishershad

term, however,

species of

says

the
that

tragacanth,
and

make

alcyonia are a kind of

of living jelly in their

Dioscorides^

of the

account
3

'

SIMPLES.

34

do Aviceuna

alcyonia, as likewise

CoMM.

1. ult.

'

rosive^

caustic_,and

believe

it does

in the

occur

propertieslike salts,only
the

of very
and

'
"

with

from

weaker

detergent powers,

times

(Coiit.
as

cor-

(v^ 6, 7, 18.)

is unmixed

and

Rhases

vir.

We

Hippocratic treatises.

pickled fish and

of

the

other

mixture

with

pickled olives

therefore

is

has

matter

is

water.

possessed

injectedin ischiatic

dysentericcomplaints.
CoMMEXTARY.

CoMM.
'

of

bi"ine

medicine,

cleansing

Muria, Brine; tbat "which

But

(iij
2, 605) and

prescribesit several

Celsus

\, \, 677.)
not

[book

be

no

as

doubt.

the

both

is useful

in, when

poured

article,there

brine

of the

addition, recommends

Dioscorides, in
water

ulcers

putrid

of this

nature

recommends

Galen

for

wash

the

Regarding

from

pickled fish
and

mouth

it for such
the

upon

can

rectum.

cases

as

sea-

part, (v, 126.)

'AXojj,
Aloe, Aloes,
the

third.

is

heating

is

It

it is less

anti-inflammatory,and
especiallythose about the

it is

detergent,but
the

promotes
and

anus

Dioscorides

Commentary.

CoMM.

degree,and

first

desiccative

stomachic, detergent, discutient,and

washed

protic. ^^^len

in the

in

ecco-

stomachic;

more

cicatrization

of

ulcers,

pudendum.

is the

first author

who

gives

'
"

distinct

of this

account

vai'ieties of the
the

hemorrhoids
the

contrary

hemorrhoids
Galen
and

that

says

and

eflPect.

that

b}^Dr.

several

Pereira

as

also Dr.
et

Arabia

it is at

being the

Aloe

giguitur, arbor

the

stomach

says

and

it is

an

liver.

odoris

He

it

in

duces
pro-

it is hurtful

in

(De Sim pi. i.)

time

same

stomachic

hepatic aloe (Geopon.

It is marked
and

hepatica vera
socotorine

suavissimi

commends

and

Mesne,

authorities.

excellent

two

of veins

mouths

Mesne,

the

describes
arenaceous

and

the

medical

of the

the

the

hepatic is merely a variety of the

Royle (M. M. 598.) Isidorus says

Averrhoes

He

the. fundament.

(Ph. Ed.), being the liver-coloured

say, the

says

mentions

eccoprotic. Didymus
do

of

up

A^dcenna

to

Hence,

affections

properly remarks

vi,6), as

it closes

but, according

article.

juice (gum -resin),

namely,
He

hepatic.

important

aloe.

of aloes
et

as

an

is to

aloe.
"

summi."
which

inclica

That

socotorine

purgative
it

Aloe

In

See

India

(Orig.)
evacuates

applicationto

SIMPLES.

36

'

this to

'

be

occasion

plant

article

made

Dioscorides

the

by

its

from

(iv,177),

the

Arabians.
and

Pliny

purgative

shall

we

treating of

uncertain.

is very

mention

authorities

turbit, but

question when

have

additions
this

What
all the

powers.

See

our

author

whom

vir.

supposed

commentators

produces

Medica

reallywas

tlie older

which

this

discuss

Materia

the

to

the

to

of

Many

Commentary.

CoijiM.
'

[book

medical

in

particular
evidently

copies.
'

is

Alysson, Madivort,
who

bitten

been

have

of the

'

and

"

from

that

It

was

Marrubium
to

cleanses

the

of Galen

The

have

been

of

name

former

species

some

recommends
See

(iiij
95.)

Vulpes,
renders
fluids to
into

the

oil

it

it

Wherefore,
of

in

and

tured
conjec-

fact,there

inability

our

own

the

animal, if boiled

discutient, when

surface.

been

A.

of

Galen.

hydrophobia,

this

CoMM.
'

account

of the

medicinal

oil

attracts

when

for

alive

the

arthritic

dead,

or

deep-seated
patients are

time
a
hip-bath
the
complaint entirely,if at its commencement,
it if protracted.
moderates
Galen
and
Commentary.
Serapion give nearly the

put

the

(ii,2, 26.)

whole

the

must

is

It

has

our

herbalists

madwort.

Ave

also

the

which

Veronica, but,

of

substance

is

(which

to

herbalists

different

plant in ephelis and

also Avicenna

tJie Fox

the

his

tions
obstruc-

removes

earlier

Dioscorides

certaintyon this point, and

between
perceive the difference

Dioscorides

is

Galen's

of

That

of dis-

ephelis.

supposed by

the A.

Ahjssum.

it

those

to

use

Being possessed

species of horehound,

it is of

powers,

no

to

because

dogs.

Dioscorides.

distinctive

give the

is

that

of

author's) is

"

and

commentators

mad

desiccative

kidneys,

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

called

so

by

cutient, detergent, and

AXvaaov,

considerable

properties of the

Canis

it

vuljpesas

moves
re-

and

same
our

author.

A/iopoKOC)
Amaracus,
and

'

in the

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

desiccative

Marjoram

appears

quite

in

the

third

degree,

second.

That
certain

it is calefacient

from

it

was

the

some

ancient

species of

marjoram

descriptionsof it ;

but.

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

otherwise, it

bably, it

the

was

same

as

For

and

emmenagogue,

an

the

Rhases

(Cont.

2, 466)
(ii,

see

Avicenna

1. ult.

i, 439.)

Arabians,

other

for various

Most

Comm.

pro-

'

'

the

the

stronglyrecommends

Dioscorides

Marjorana.

num

determined.
satisfactorily
the sampsuchus, namely,
as

be

cannot

37

Origa-

ointment

(i,78.)

purposes,

Serapion (c.286);

A^topai'roi',
when
and

it

It dries

all

up

when

taken

defluxions, and

is bad

The

CoMMEXTARY.

menstrual

the

promotes

blood

coagulated

dissolves

honey.

wine

with

taken

incisive,and

and

is attenuant

Amaranth,

Amarantum,

discharge,
and

wine

with

stomach,

for the

describe

herbalists

old

fore
there-

under

plant

Comm.
'

the

of

English name

this

borrows

author

How

plant,which

should

nature,
well

at the

bleeding solelyfrom
things
laid

it

regard

must

colours.
to

be

time

same

act

being

as

an

as

its

tory.
contradicof

drying

does

emmenagogue,

see

of

substances

under

he

although, as

(Simpl.2, 4)

rule

virtues

But

the

as

the

to

they represent

in this way

act

down

rather

certainlyappears

Our
of

account

'

English herbalist Gerarde

sagaciously
the
character
of
probably got
stopping
its ears
being red, as if,forsooth, all red

it has

that

his

Aetius

be

to

Om*

appear.

remarks

and

Galen

from

properties,Avhich

medicinal

not

it

article,but

Flower-gentle,which they represent

determined.
be
cannot
satisfactorily

that

drawn

helicrysus,which

Galen

had

inference

no

be

can

adds,

with
their

from

Dioscorides

holds

plant.

same

when

Ambrosia;

appliedas

has

cataplasm it

astringentand

repellentpowers.
Ambrosia,

Commentary.
is

name

vague

Our

old herbalists

Oak

of

He
Galen

which

Cappadocia,which
gives it the same
and

maritima,

Aetius
a

plant

has

describe

do
not

by

any

been

plant under

medicinal

the

It

same.

p.

Arabians

the

as

probably

unknown

70.)

English

We

except

of

name

the A. of Dioscorides.

character

yet wholly

of the

(H. N. xxvii,11), Comm.

applied to various plants.

they represent as

Gray (Suppl. to Pharmacop.

described

Pliny remarks

as

to

our

is the
the

have
Ebn

author

shops.
not

Baithar

(iii.)

Ambrosia

found

See
it

(i,80.)

SIMPLES,

S8

[booktii.

"A/H/LU,
is of

the

and

desiccantSj being composed

of

and

diuretic

Bishop's Weed,

Ammij

the

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

'

but

"

held

long

Ammi

in

place

the

ranked

as

of the

one

authorities,ancient
bestowed

aud

it

upon

bui'nt.
CoMM.

is

Some

but

does

possessed,but

which

resisted

Pliny (H.

N.

when

now

the

be

to

all

word,

giving it

and

It is

the

ters
charac-

Galen.

put into the

like

stone-

fire it is not

depilatories.

with
the
generally confounded
which
it is compared by Dioscorides,
substance, being a varietyof asbestus.

mention

medicinal

any

states

that

force

of

the

in

(De

is held

now

is

different
not

In

agree

Dioscorides

because

with

plumosum,

Dioscorides

seeds, and

has

Galen

AytUOlTOl',
formed
in Cyprus, being

This

yet it is

63)
(iii,

hot

it in desiccative

use

it is in fact

it is

lesser

modern,

is

Commentary.
Ahimen

]\Iedica,and

carminative.

by

called

so

Bishop's weed,

or

Dioscorides

four

and

Lapis Amiantus,
alum,

Materia

aperient, and

attenuantj

particles,discutient

(ii,%, 60) ; Serapion (c. 297.)

v) ; Avicenna

Simpl.

of calefacieuts

particularlyuseful.

copticum,

See

scarcely recognized.

order

subtile

of it is

seed

The

third

garments

made

were

(M. M.

fire.

propertiesof

v,

which
of

out

See

155.)

it,
also

xix, 4.)

''A^^UOC:,
that

Arena, Sand;
Wherefore

when

which

have

dry

fomentation

heated

been

in

instead
The

sea-shore
the

by

buried

Commentary.

CoMM.

the

on

and

of millet
Sand

desiccative.
sufficiently

it dries

sun

it

is

or

when

up

roasted

bodies

it forms

salts.

the Sea-shore.

of

all humid

have

We

often

'

"
"

had

occasion, in

heated

sand

as

and

diT

emollient

the

of this

work,

to

mention

the

use

of

fomentation.

powers,

so

to

as

dissolve

is

scii*rhous

juice of
tumours

tofi.

Commentary.

CoMM.

course

AjniLi(i)i'iaKoi'
Ovpia/Lia,
Ammoniac
Perfume,
thymiama.

Ammoniacum
intense

the

juice of

Dioscorides
a

Ferula

growing

describes
near

the ammoniac

Cyrene, and

mentions

as

being
after-

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

that

wards

in

tribe

reed

is

kind

infezior

which

day,

Lybia,

kind

better

the

inferior

an

with
Greek

The

of

the

and

was

Dioscorides

bowels

when
of

the

indurations

taken

in

chest

when

of

the

Galen

gives nearly

Dioscorides
much

and

diuretic

and

and

for

the

liver

Arabian
and

emmenagogue,

Ebn

supply

additional^ information

and

commends

Averrhoes
dissolves

Avicenna,

hard

the

it

niac,
ammo-

poses,
pur-

honey
in

the

for

form

(iii, 88.)
quotes

particulars of

humours

the

tions
affec-

Serapion

other

that

as

from
and

Baithar,

as

of

cornea,

medicine

the

not

it is

body.

-Abbas

Haly

interest

any

the

orientalis.

other

applied
of it.

of

is

loosening

with

expels

modern

it

authorities, such

Rhases,

head.

for

linctus

few

the

quainted
ac-

medicinal

as

when

not

religious rites.

many

of

adds

(c. 268.)
no

in

and

characters

and

from

as

present

were

kind

asthma

for

nebulae

same

Galen,

importance

for

externally;

given

spleen

finest

"

the

does

Ferula

used

being

draught

and

cataplasm;

and

the

In

or

the

ammoniac

internally

^^hether

whether

questioned

from

recommends

both

have.

'

produces

ancients

gummiferum,

called

so

the

we

svffimentum, was

or

-which

of

Comm.
"

ammoniacum,

that

of the

tree

tingitana.

which
is

it

reed

Dorema

holds

kinds

two

from

ammoniacum

the

Heracleum

thymiama,

of

from

Pharmacopoeia

product

Ferula

the

Hill

Dr.
the

The

commercial

procured

certain.

appear

called

the

obtained

is also

Amnion.

near

now

be
is

kind

39

under

this
softens

which

(Collig.v, 42.)

tumours.

'A^to'pyr?,
Amurca,

the

calefacient,
cures

in

desiccative

and

ulcers

in

of Oil, is

Lees

dry bodies,

of the

second

medicines.
but

order

these

By

increases

and

of

intensely
it

means

exasperates

those

others.
The

Co:m:mentary.
sediment
external

of strained

application,

Dioscorides

injectioninto
of these

oil.
in

in various

collyriaand

amurca,

parts.

form

affections.

plasters.
the

Celsvis

which

rectum,

He

also
the

Dioscorides

as

mentions
it is
He

speaks

m-ethra,

it often

of

its
the

it is

an

being

Comm.
'

'

as

strong

greatly commended

says

and

states, is the

by

article
used

vagina, in

as

in
an

diseases

SIMPLES.

40

[bookvii.

A/LiTreXoTrpacfoi',
Vine-leek, being

Ampeloprasum^
acrid

most

mended
and

Dioscorides

by

degree

is

leek^

it

hence

and

hurtful

in

beneficial

food,

follows

author

Our

the

leek

to

L,

Ampeloprasum

being

as

than

emmenagogue

given

Allium

The

'
'

wild

to

stomach.
Commentary.

CoMM.
"

last

the

to

of

incisive,deobstruent,

It is

deleterious.

proves
the

according

liot

and

species

powerfully

more

{Allium Porrum)
stung by

persons

is

recom-

calefacient

and

when

animals.

venomous

Galen.

'AyitTTfAocay^ia,
of

detergent
of

The

powers

but

weaker.

The

psilothrum)

The

root

is

vine

of the

eaten

are

down

vine,

the

with

cataplasm

black

shoots

have

also

and

figs;

called

some

astringency.
of

it

and

bryony,

wild,

hot.

is like the

fore
Where-

applied externally

or

itch

diuretic.

prove

moderately

cures

the

(calledalso bryonia

drunk

spleen when

sessed
pos-

those

are

and

are

hke

stomachics,

as

tops

also

ivhite vine

detergent,attenuant,

it melts
a

but

cultivated

and

its grapes

Vine;

powers,

the

and

as

Wild

the
sylvestris,

Yitis

and

The

leprosy.

aforementioned, only

weaker.
The

Commentary.

CoMM.

wild

vine

evidently the

is

Tamus

com-

'

"
""

munis

the

alba.

Bryonia
the

why
is

that

Pliny

and

could

them

Dioscorides

the

in

the

terms,

applicationto

an

(iv, 180.)

He

powers.

Our

Materia

Medica,

the

ancient

which
at

especiallyof
as

and

which

authorities.

and

mahgnant
take

of the
See

biTonies

reason

(xxiii,1),
Arabians.

the

and

the

more

strongest

ill-conditioned

notice

and

them

in

of

older
in the

the

together,

length,

commends

herbalists

all treat

that the

all

are

considerable
he

black

confounded

are

error

Oribasius

modern

the

sufficientlyexpound

them

white,

and

herbalist, says

\ine

wild

not

of

old

om*

the

all one,

treats

dioica

Bryonia

Gerarde,

bryony

made

and

white

its

purgative

writers
same

sores,

on

terms

the
as

Bryonia.

AfivycaXa,
Ajuygdalse, Almonds;
which

are

attenuant

and

the

bitter

deobstruent

are

of

possessed

of

powers

deep-seated viscid

and

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

aud

humours,

thick

wood

The

of

detergent

tlie

has

same

41

The

powers.

in

lodged

those

sweet

the

skin.

moderately-

are

hot.
article

this

Respecting

Commentary.

there

can

of

the

he

Comm.

no

'

difference

of

authorities

take

with

vinegar

or

the

nearly

commends
such

oil

almond

diseases,
otherwise

enlarges

almonds.

As

as

is

1. ult.
them

'

strained

be

to

and

separated ;
become

paring

starch

Pliny

describes

says,

17.)

it may
He

Serapion

be

is

taken
in

from

astringent,

also recommends

obstructions

of

of

this

in

he

gives

See

also

Rhases

The

latter

(Cont.

recommends

liver.

wheat

moistened

which

water

it becomes

in

the

is to

be

soft,

very

poured off,and
quickly

with

bran

the

before

sun

it

moderately cooling, desiccant,

are

process

prepared

calls it

the

of

TN'hen

water

author's

mostly

the

of

humours.

Om*

Commentary.

are

recommends

He

diseases

dog-days,

di'ied

be

powers

of acrid

of

virtues

other

clean

day.

the

and

Its

emollient

and

the

of

it is to

sour.

from

in the

off five times

poured
it is

heat

the

during

water

and

AftvXoj',

is formed

Starch,

Amylum,

of the

deobstruents

other

almonds

bitter

which

account

(Collig.v, 42.)

Averrhoes

powerful

as

and

speaks highly
the

uterus,

character,

same

says,

interesting,(ii,257.)

most

i,45)

he

herpes

Altogether

kidneys.

article

he

almonds

it the

fattening.

are

application to

an

the

nephritic,calculous, and

food,

almonds

sweet

Bitter

skin.

of

greatly

complaints,

of

fully in recapitulating the

very

they

says,

various

displacement

gives

article

an

and

stomachic,
them

AA^cenna

(i,38.)

in

earache,

and

in headache

the

aud

pains, inflammation,

as

also

as

forehead

the

Dioscorides

in

demulcent

from

Serapion gives

(i,186.)

(c.82.)

'

resisting

formed

internally,he

diuretic,

ancient

in

applied to

Taken

of them.

almonds

cataplasm

oil,and

rose

account

same

many
of

that

states

and
laxative, soporific,

are

and

powers

headache.

relieves

temples

or

the

of

notice

Dioscorides

intoxication.

almonds,

Plutarch

opinion.

nearly

the

or

recommends

it in this

the

mode

Dioscorides

from

wheat
and

of

account

same

terms.

N.

Comm.

pre-

(ii, 123.)

spelt.(H.
it in

of

'

He

xx-\-iii,

haemoptysis.

complaint, (c.29.)

'

Celsus

CoMM.
""

'

"

'

succi/'

ranks

it among

tioned

by Hippocrates, who

recommends

mouth

(De

to

the

the

boni

"

res

womb.

of the

'

; its powers

Amomum
the

For

it

Mulieb.

would

we

to

Greek

the

to

beg

which

refer

hke

digestive.

more

practicalacquaintance

we

agree

This

Cardamomum.
started

there
been

very

describing
and
and

no

doubt

similar

to

it

it

that
to

eyes, and

ripeus

those

gouty
in the

of

and

of

liver and

prove

they

ingredients
and

of

more

author,

our

or

and

(c.279.)

not

were
an

which

he

of

it

of

way,

the

same

both

as

an

given
of

inebriating

of it is made

in

[hamama)
the

Haly
diseases

amomum

decidedly

seems

thing)

plaster [mcdagma)

recommends

it

authority

account

includes

the

the

that

Serapion (ii,251.)

Celsus

emollient

possessed

it is

exactly

and

the

upon

Avicenna's

(Avhich,by

it is useful

descriptionsof

adds,

decoction

of

nephritis,hepatitis,and

the

and

cataplasm

inflammations

hip-bath,

of

cases

meliceris,

and

raisins ; that

of

rific,
sopo-

forehead,

the

to

boils

soothes

with

form

the

kidneys.

cardamomum
that

treats

scorpions,in

by

Isaac, that

the

plaster

discusses

bowels,

Dioscorides, Galen,

Abbas

and

have

must

Dioscorides

persons,

Galen,

of

son

recommends

the

and

fitting in

soporificpowers,
from

ancients,

the

substances

two

Serapion quotes

(i,14.)

Dioscorides

and
up

it is

the

these

stung

persons

decoction

Humaim,

of

amomum

applied in

complaints, in

by

viously
pre-

still if

But

Galen, Aetius, Oribasius,

in female

gout,

been

had

i, 14.)

Dioscor.

another.

one

relieves

basil;

with

that

when

anodyne

useful

proves

which

Amomum

the

as

being calefacient,astringent, desiccative,

as

stating

it down

have

we

now

(Flor.Virg. xvi, 199), is controverted

exactly the

not

this article than

fully of

the

be

be

can

setting

Sprengel. (ad

cardamom

the

in

opinion, however,

Feseus

by

learned

the

by

the

illustration

question,unless

in

article

with

Pereira

Dr.

that

subject,

Appendix

the

in

all the

admitted

be

must

no

with

we

Notwithstanding

received, it

it has

said

this

of

literature

have

but

sweet-flag ;

the

of

latter

general

what

Lexicon.

men-

ii.)

those

the

the
to

is

apphcation

an

as

'
"

It

(ii,20.)

yii.

A.IX(s)fXOV,

are

di-ier,and

is the

former

Commentary.

CoMM.
"~^'

[book

SIMPLES.

42

excellent

the

among

which

to

he

scribes,
de-

application

SIMPLES.

44

[book

vii.

Ai'opa/vjj,
is

Portulaca, Purslain,
humectates
of

stomach

the

defluxions.

its

By

'
'

aud

Adscidityit
its

by

Both

he

and

author

our

commendation

writes
and

and

teeth

heat

dispels

when

it relieves

its

fully on

author,

our

set

on

dysentery

from

to

sub

and

Galen,

plant, which

the

who

writes
its

date.

intestinal

bowels,

various

other

Averrhoes
terms

the

Tutsan,

varieties

two

are

of

as

wise
like-

cooling

the

our

Celsus
For

the

also

inflammations

calls it

Arabians,

Rhases

(Cont.
of it in

treat

flammatio
in-

head,

hsemoptysis,hemorrhoids,

They

or

of

ascyrroides,being

named

in

and

gent
astrin-

an

see

Serapion

1. ult.

i, 563)

nearly the

same

Greeks.

Androssemum,
and

(ii,
2, 534)

(Collig.v, 42.)

as

there

(ii.)

earnestly

place

it

internally,for

(ii,150.)

cases,

Avicenna

and

worms,

cooling herb,

and

(c. 349)

"c.,

purs-

Dioscorides

\drtues, recommending

eyes

the

-astringentherb.

retained

late

describes

astringent medicine, externally,in pains

of the

Park-leaves, (or St.

it,the

of which

one

species of

Their

dionysias.

fruit

John's

is called

hypericon,

is

purgative,

or

Park-leaves

but

wort

ascyrron

the

but

?);

other

is

their

leaves

been

gene-

desiccant.

more

Commentary.
'

abdomen,
the

cooling

copy

of this

of

'

the

smooths

like

Aetius,

{Portulaca oleracea)as

CoMM.

to

but

it relieves

powers

astringency

English Dispensatories down

"

these

degree,

hemorrhages.

lane

in

third

the

by

applied

and

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

when

acids

edge by
and

second

in the

in

cooling

rally

set

plants of

close

lands

on

The

truth

of

is

resemblance

have

as

recent

times.

the

to

the

article

it

plant,

classic

Hypericum

Rutty

this

as

together by
and

Tutsan

down

ciliatum.
the

Our

the
the

matter

we

authorities.

Both

then'

wonder

androscemum

should

and

all the

application

believe

to

the

often

that
been

the

Htjpericum
be

that

as

species have

Culpeper

medical

viewed

the

were

have

to

who

to

and

genus,

expressed

an

inclines

another, they

one

Pliny,

Sibthorp,

spot,

numerous

older

strongly as

but

has

so

confounded
the

herbalist

important

lost

sight

an

of in

authorities, recommend

burns

and

ulcers, and

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

45

administered
Comm.
cholagogue powers to it when
internally.
See Dioscorides
(i);
(iii,
163) ; Galen (De Simpl. v) ; Aetius
Ebn
Baitliar
Rliases
Coll.
Oribasius
xiii)
(ii,579) ;
(Med.
;
The
ult.
last
two
1.
i^59.)
merely give extracts from
(Cent.

ascribe

'

'

"

and

Dioscorides

Galen.

Androsaces, is
It and

cative.

its

bitter and

acrid

fruitywhen
Tliis is

herb, discutient

drunk,

and

desic-

diuretic.

are

Syrian plant^which, although Comm.

and
Gerarde
both Matthiolus
pretend to give figures of it,
determined.
been
has never
satisfactorily
Serapion and Avihave
cenna
treating of it, and Rhases
completely omitted
he probably meant
merely says of the androsafes,by which
the androsaces, that it is decidedly heating with moderate
from
to copy
seems
astringency.(Cont, 1. ult.) Our author
Dioscorides
140.)
(iii,
CoMMEiNTAUY.

"

'

'

'

'a

of it have powers
Anemone, Wind-jfoivei'
; all the varieties
and open the mouths
which
of
acrid,detergent, epispastic,
are
vessels

whence

applied,and

they

attract

poetry,being
He

two, the

mentions

each
in

and
coronai'ia,

the

indigenous in

external

this country, but

He

gardens.

anemone

for foul

see

Avicenna

1. ult.

to be

iii,48) ; Ebn

The

other

is

of
as

colour
the

latter

A.

only
tivated
cul-

them

ulcers,in

in Celsus.

divides

commonly

principallyas
mation
collyriafor inflammenstruation,

succeeding authorities
For

Serapion (c. 72)

follow
the

him.

Arabians,

Rhases

(Cont.

than
(ii,1 00.) They do little more
in the modern
The A. prateasis occurs

Baithar

copy from Dioscorides.

Greek
Pharmacopoeia

down

pessariesto promote
found

(ii,2, 655)

wild, and

set

(132.)

Comm.

Dioscorides.

diff^erence

be

ancient

difficulty

some

by

nemorosu.

the

in

'

been

the

recommends

eyes, and in
and the
Galen
is not

may

the A.

as

of the

The

and

former

other

as
applications,

(ii,207.)

has

speciesdescribed

cultivated

The

flowers.

in

celebrated

varieties,
according to the

into two
their

there

genus,

determining exactlythe

in

leprosy when

remove

wind-flowers, so

numerous

phlegm,

milk.
The

Commentary.

is

increase

'
'

SIMPLES.

46

'

and
is

in

dries

But

and

and

ulcers.

foul

upon

the

But

of the

third

of

order

sprinkled

when
and

less

hot

abridges

the

humid,

more

oil it
crnde

concocts

is useful

is

green

in

digestive.
Our

Commentary.
of

account

various

dill

the

his

in

Dioscorides,

useful

proving

The

(iii,60.)

the

promoting

as

the

in

it for

of

milk, stopping
the

hip-bath, and

usvial copy

as

flow

bowels, increasing

hystericalwomen

Arabians

Galen.

graveolens) giA^en by

empirical style, recommends

usual

opening

to

and

condenses

author

[Anethum

such

pm'poses,

slight vomiting,

from

urine,
forth,

so

both.

Avi-

See

(ii,2, 69.)

cenna

'

there

Anthyllis ;

applications

cant

pine

consists

of

Comment

to

AvBvXkiQ,
varieties,both

two

are

ulcers

but

It is also
The

AKY.

that

of which

be

to

as

desic-

are

the

resembling

particles,so

subtile

more

epilepticcases.
CoMM.

it becomes
and

boiled

and

soporific;

drying medicines,

and

heating

degree intensely,

When

degree.

same

burnt

when

second

the

in

diaplioretic,anod}Tie,

vii.

Avr]9ov,

warms

tlie

nearly

swellings.

CoMM.

it

Dill;

Anetlium,

[book

ground-

beneficial

in

detergent.

more

former

species,

which

Dioscorides

de-

"

scribes

"

and

recommends

willingly refer
of

the

to

The

joins

Dioscorides

in

744),

for which

virtue

of

cure

wounds,

the

probably

it

commending
the

but

in favour

it, and

against
is

other

the

Anthyllis vulneraria,

authority is

cretica.

scientific

for

Ajiiga

as

anthylliswas

would

we

the

of

nance
predomithe

Iva.

Cressa

Avicenna
herb

Aulnerary

(ii,2,

long celebrated,

as

its

implies.

name

A.V1](J0V
}

drying

the

Anise;

Anisum,

in the

thu'd

seed

degree.

is

particularlyacrid, eating,

Hence

it is diuretic

and

and

dispels

flatus.
Commentary.

CoMM.
"

'
"

Serapion

authorities,
gogue.
other

call the

It is
three

now

and

Pimpinella

reckoned

the

being carui, cumin,

Avicenna,
anisum

like

diuretic

and

first of the four

hot

and

fennel.

the

Greek

emmena-

seeds,

the

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

47
'

or
'A.i"Tippivov
Avappii'ov,

Antirrinoiij or
those
learn

may

its

of

the

Calfsnout,

properties
whence

weakcrj

writcs

of

being

as

of

this

no

sembling
re-

you

article,Antirrinum
medicine.

in

use

Dioscorides, also, mentions

Simpl. V.)
and

bubonium,

Galcu

or

but

properties.

CoMMEXTARY.

Orontium,

has

Snapdragon,

Anarriuon,

it

only

as

(De

application, (iv,131.) It is scarcelynoticed

authorities.
According to Pliny, it is emmenagogue.

other

Serapion

has

omitted

in

its root.

secretion

'

KvtoviQ or

Q,i'(ji)viQ,

Ononis, Rest-harrow, has heating powers,

or

juice,when

Its

of

by

it.

'

Anonis,

'
'

amulet

an

external

the

Comm.
'

with

drunk

especially

wine, promotes

breaks
urine, is lithontriptic,

eschars, and

the

soothes

pains of the teeth.

Commentary.
Ononis

as

Galen.

further

mentions

pickle

of Rhases

Serapion and
of late

have
the

borrow

fact

it,that

it

appear

to

five

not

of the

Anonis, the antiquorum and

Greek

Pharmacopoeia (p. 119.)

94.)

p.

of

it from

Modern

thorities
au-

It

is

copoeias.
Pharma-

caries.
apothe-

Two

species

in the

spinosa, occur

'
*

Onobes

roots.

Gray (Suppl. to Pharmacop.

Comm.
'

from

the

be

it.

the

sometimes

was

characters

omitted

of

account

aperient
been
expelled from our
to our
wholly unknown

it has

yet it is

Even
See

Avicenna

that

years

of

in

gives the

it among

enumerate

All

It would

18.)
(iii,

(Cont. i, 520), who

Galen.

only

abridges his

from

antiquorum

Dioscorides, who
used

author

Our

modern

ATTapivT),
Lappa,

Cleavers

(which

call

some

desiccativc; it also

oraphalocarpou),is moderately detergent and

consists of subtile particles.
Commentary.

All

herbalists

the

others

philanthropon,

and

best

commentators

Comm.
"

agree
and
leaves

that

it is the

others.)
is useful

drunk

with

cures

earache

to

persons
;

an

and
tumours.

(See Gerarde, Sprengel,

aparine.

According

wine

scrofulous

Galium

to

Dioscorides

bitten

by phalangia

injection of
when

mixed
Galen

the
up

and

same

with
the

of

decoction

and

its

vipers,when
into

the

axunge

subsequent

cars

it discusses
autho-

'
*

48

SIMPLES.

rities

CoMM,

attach

to

seem

less

[book

importance

it.

to

94.)
(iii,

vii.

We

"

find it in

cannot

but
a

Serapion^Rhases, Avicenna,

it is treated

of

in many

place

all

by

modern

however, in the

our

modern

Greek

partly of

terrene

therefore, it is
as

Our

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

cataplasm

'
"

as

and

Pliny

pears

an

cools

Galen

article of food

of it

of

quickly fatal

it proves

'

Commentary.
'

"

acrid

the

it be

whether

or

one

decided

on

sists,as
eradi

(i,167.)

But

cause
be-

cynomoron,

it is also deleterious

borrows

Galen.

his

It is

clearlya poison
by Schulze among
Orfila

formerly

we

as

this

rather
the

also treats

the

Periploca Graca,

of

account

It

the

is the

been

he

of it
ful
doubt-

seems

stated

it

diximus

pretend

cannot

we

to

give any

subject.

old

A.7royryfjia,
pitch scraped from

discutient

explains,of

macerated

navibus

herbs,

Dioscorides

Commentary.

had

that

says,

poisons (p. 82, Eng. ed.)

solvent, desiccant, and

'

dogs.

to

fact,it is classed

these

opinion

Apochyma,

CoMM.

treated

(II,242) ; the Cynanclms erectus, as Sprengel supposes ;

of the
Having no
speciesof Apocynum.
practical acquaintance
with

'

the

Dioscorides

eaten,

it is also called

(Toxicol,veterum.)

poisons.

among

be

In

medicine.

ancient

to

Both

when

of

have

Dioscorides

persons

author

Our

closelyfrom

article very
than

applied

hot, without
being very fetid and
being desiccant.
when
applied externallyas a cataplasm it is discutient,

men,

Hence,
CoMM.

eaten,

When

J^vvoK^a/nj^i],

or

canina, Dog's-bane

When

We

Book.

perry.

prejudicalto hungry

Brassica

consisting

temperament,

Aetius.

First

in the

mention

make

prove

to

moderately.
copies the characters

and

Attokvvov

to

as

author

from

commwiis

Pyrus

Attiov,

partly of watery matter.

stomachic, and quenches thirst.
and

contained,

It is not

and

it dries

found

has

Pharmacopoeia.

Pear, is unequal

the

herbalists,and

pharmacopoeias.

'

Pyrum,

older

Abbas

Haly

nor

the

It

is

of tumours.
calls it also

wax

in salt water.
cera

ships.

marino

and

Xu)Triaaci.

pitch

Pliny

of

saj^s of

sale macerata.

It

ships

con-

which

"

it, Zopissam
Optima

haec

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

Adclitur

na\dum.

tirocinio

collectiones.^^

cutiendas

49

malagmata
xxiv, 26.)

N.

(H.

ad

in

autem

dis-

Comm.
"

'
"

'Apay^vr],
the

to

softened

Spicier,when

the

Aranea,

and

forehead

temples,

is said

of tertians.

periodicalattacks
stops hemorrhage, and
the

remove

into

plaster,and
by Dioscorides

to

web, when

Its

plied,
apfrom

superficial

sores

presences

plied
ap-

infliimmation.
Dioscorides

Commentary.

describes

species,which

two

Comm.
'

domestica.
retiaria,and the Aranea
probably are the Aranea
of their medicinal
account
properties.
Serapion gives the same
been
to have
They appear
principallyused externally,as an
anti-inflammatoryapplication.

'
"

A^yefX(i)vr],
Prickly Poppy, is possessed of detergent and

Argemone,
discutient

powers.
Of

Commentary.
the

bv

is the

former, which
in nebulae

him

the two

and

as

the

Geum

an

applicationin

but

adds

of

case

of

persons

and

the

the

Arabians

it,that

when

sores

of Ebn
Dioscorides

not

seem

Baithar, who

and

Galen

had

of it

more

of it at

treat

to

of it.

eyes

in the

all,with

the

ception
ex-

of what

merely gives translations

written

may

208.) Galen
(ii,
cursorily
; and

animals,
treat

the

it is useful

wine

principally

aff"ections of

with

venomous

succeeding authorities
would

and

"

as

other, which

also recommends

drunk

stung by

its leaves

and

eve,

'

"^

is recommended

The

he

avens,

by Dioscorides,comm.

argemone,

inflammations.

iirbanvm, or

external

Papaver

albugo of the

soothing cataplasm for

be

speciesdescribed

(i,28.)

Apt(70pOl',
Arisarum,
but

much

Friar's

acrid ; and

more

Commentary.
to

this

Our

plant,which

nificant powers.
botanical
name

medicine, and
Arabians
III.

has

herbalists

they

even

It is the

aris of

arisaron.

recommends

it

to

have

to

olive.

an

of Friar's Cowl

name

be

wakerobin,

size of

of the

give the

admit

is Arum

appear

root

the

than

Cowl, is smaller

possessed of insig-

Pliny. (H.
Dioscorides

N.

xxiv, 16.) Its

calls it

acrid

an

solelyin collyria.(ii,198.)

confounded

it with

Comm.
'

"

the

arum,

The

under

"

SIMPLES.

50

the

CoMM.
""^^

of

name

Baithar

Luf.

See

[book

Avicenna

(ii,2, 132)

vii.

Ebn

and

(ii,449.)

A.oit7To\oyria,
Aristolocliia,Birthwort
of

subtile

and

useful

most

are

subtile
is

particles,and

between
CoMM.

these, but

authorities
their

still retain
used.

places in

medicines, for promoting

and

the

expulsion of the

ix,15)

as

He

antidote

an

phlegmagogue, cliolagogue, and

it in

it

Avicenna

strongly

Pliny

Pistolochia.

its

'
"^

major and

in

Theophr. (H.

arsenic

and

authorities

the

other

heats

and

on

dries

also

commends
re-

for asthma.

1. ult.
;

species under

writers

being

as

cine,
alexipharmic medi-

(Cont.

confirm

P.

commending
great length, re-

Serapion (c. 171)

fourth

it
He

of it at

the

the

the

the

See
Materia

racter
cha-

Quincy,
Medica.

third

only

of

name

birthwort's

in the

desiccant

Ebn

i, 77) ;
Baithar,

in

degree.
the

first

'

Commentary.

CoMM.

discharge,

describes

with

Rhases

equally calefacient,but

degree.
'

an

Junipeinis,the Jumper,
fruit is

uterine

recommend

being powerfully emmenagogue.

Lewis, Pereira, and

The

seldom

it is useful

emmenagogue.

uterine

also

describes

^Modern

to

by

first two

lochial

also

Mesue

treats

(Collig.v, 42) ;

pluries.

as

as

See

(ii,2, 49.)

See

along

fumigation

(De Simpl. ii,27.)

Averrhoes

The

also says

poisons.

to

Apuleius (De Herbis.)

and

Aris-

described

been

downwards

Nicander

toxicologistsfrom

birthwort

round.

chest,the spleen, and in other diseases, (iii,

4, 5.)

afi'ections of the
The

mediate
respects, inter-

downwards.

foetus.

more

Birthwort, the

menstruation, the

clematitis

Pharmacopoeias, but are

them, especially as

our

recommends

Dioscorides

of

The

the

clematis,have

Diosoorides

from

than

the

specics of

longa, rotunda, and

tolochia

less hot

subacrid

consists

long is, in other

no

Thrcc

CoMMENTAKY.

the

The

and

drastic.

more

way

liot, consist

are

round

The

is every

weaker.

of it

detergent, bitter

are

remedies.

and
particles,

fragrant but

kinds

all

the

Dioscorides

minor, which

describes

probably

are

two
to

speciesof it,the
be

referred

to

the

Sibth., and the /. oxycedriis. He calls

Juniperus macrocarpa,
them
acrid, diuretic,and calefacient,and fui'ther recommends
them

in diseases

of the

chest, in the hystericalconvulsion, and

mullein.

the

CoMM.
"

mend

it

Both

as

and

ophthalmic

hairs

of the

recom-

acrimony,

little

mixed

It is therefore
the

promotes

growth

up

the

of

eyelids.
shall not

We

Commentary.
'

'

medicines, and

yii.

chilblains.

and

burns

to

mentioned

have

we

detergentpropertieswith

has

with

CoMM.

authorities

degree of astringencv.

small

the

appHcation

an

Armeniacum,

"

[book

SIMPLES.

52

into the discussion

enter

of dis-

puted points respecting this article,further than to state our

nate
own
opinion,that in all probabiHty it was a native ore of carboof the speciesor sub-speciesdescribed
of copper ; but which
mineralists

modern

by

decide.
who

of

names

(c.404)

copper

and

green

as

confounds

ascertained

well

is

described

now

copper

He

green.

applied to

when

substance

this

ai'menium, (v, 105),

mountain

cosmetic

it

of

carbonate

native

the

with

pares
com-

is

that

under

the

merely

the

commends
re-

eyelashes.

Lapis armeuiacus,

accuratelydistinguishesbetween

AA-icenna

but

name

to

(p. 570, "c.) Dioscorides,

of

cluysocolla,which

it

Serapion

the

venture

cannot

we

was,

Mineralogy

of it under
to

speciesof

armenium

Cleavland's

See

treats

it

the

them,

(ii,2, 56, 415.)

Apvapu),
Arnabo, is
up

the

with

at

being possessed of

ointments,

degree, like

third
that

says,

one

be

it may

cassia and
used

it is

Hence

aromatics.

of the

hot

and

instead

dry

Hence

carpesium.
of

mostly

in

powers
Posidonius

when

cinnamon

mixed

it is not

hand.

article,which

This

Commentary.
CoMM.

(xvi,113),

Aetius

rately

It

determined.

beth, of which
another

besides

we

place.

See

"viU
the

our

author, has
been

has

of

to

treat

to

'only by

been

never

supposed

occasion

have

treated

is

be

the

accuzerum-

fully in

more

Appendix.
AoI'OyXw(T(70V,

Plantain,

Plantasro,

degree, being composed of

and

having

little

cools

both
a

watery

and
and

astringency; therefore

ulcers, defluxions, and

di'ies in
a

terrene

it agrees

the

second

substance,
with

lignant
ma-

mortifications; by the symmetry

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

of its
of

For

it is

Toeingnarcotic.

without

cooUng

hemorrliages, and agrees with most

without
desiccant
being stimulant, and

it stops

temperament

tliem.

53

was
greater plantain of Dioscorides
all
down
to
the
probably the Plantayo major, which, in
ages
celebrated
a
as
vulnerary herb.
so
present times, has been

author's

Our

Dioscorides

authorities.

of

The

lanceolata

from

the

difference

in

lesser

and

Dioscorides

Galen.

and

list

substances

of

33.)
(ii,
in the

opinion

None

which

of the

modern

Greek

from
is
two

is either

former,

the
See

(ii,152.)
word

copy

of the

None

these

between

Dioscorides

of

Serapion

for word

plantains are

tioned
men-

plantago" in the
places the
both
astringent and cooling,
"

Celsus

b}' Hippocrates.

either

present instance, there

plantain

Avicenna

taken

is

mm'itima, probably the

or

Floridus.

Macer

virtues

its

for, in

Galen,

shade

of

account
or

scarcely

Comm.

The

CoMMEXTARY.

are

speciesof plantago
Pharmacopoeia.

described

here

occur

'Apoi^,
is

JFakerobm,

Arum,

drying, being formed

detergent. Its roots

of

of

the

substance

terrene

hotter.

are

in

heating

and

that

is hot

and

order

first

But

the

is

dracunculus

stronger.
We

Commentary.

herbalists,that
the

Arum

this

authors

author's

account

who

wakerobin

L.

Pliny

have

noticed

of its faculties

and
its

by

of it

treat

See

fulh% but rather

(ii,2, 432)

Avicenna

246.)

Even

the Materia
treated

at the

]\fedica.

place.

the

are

See

only
Our

purgative powers.
the
and

modern

same

as

that

its ancient

authority. The

confusedly,under

the

given

character
Arabians

Liif.

of

name

Baithar
Serapion (c. 43) ; Ebn
present day it is not wholly excluded
We
M.
See Pereira
(]\I.
p. 811.)

of its congener,

in another

Mesne

is much

Oribasius,

amply

(ii,

the
Book

dragon herb,
I,

as

an

article of

from
have

food,

114.

'ActaiviKOV,
Arsenic,

is

possessed of caustic

but
depilatories,

if the

Comm.

cuckow-pent, namely,

or

has

confirmed

older

our

'

'

by Dioscorides, Galen, and

been

with

along assumed,

is the

maculatum,

ancient

all

have

powers.

application l)c

It is used

allowed

to

also

remain

for

long

'

SIMPLES.

54

it affects

the

skin

itself.

[book
burnt

Wlien

its

vii.

particlesbecome

attenuated.
Commentary.

CoMM.
"

There

be

can

hesitation

no

in

deciding that

'

this

is

called
yellow- sulphuret of arsenic, commonly
orpiment, the latter term
being a corruption of auripig-

'

the

mentum,

the

ancients

used

and

Latin

this mineral

the

form

arsenic

as

Csehus

arsenic

containing

Celsus

in

external

an

clysters,and

arsenic

with

He

also

The

(v, 5.)

the

tion,
applicain

tions.
fumigaof

pine,
speaks highly of a
and honeyed water.
He
particularly
esthiomenos
of
applicationto herpes

an

(ii,2, 48.)

nose,

mouth,

pill,for asthma.

potion containing arsenic

the

See

freely as

recommends

of

commends

it.

very

the

internallyby
Avicenna

in

of

name

Aurelianus

gum

recommends

for ascarides.

jection
in-

an

(Tard, Pass, iv,7).

It

of chronic
freelyused in injectionsfor the cure
dysentery.
iii.) Serapion speaks favorably of it in complaints
(See Book
of the eyes.
arsenic
is a
(" 381.) Servitor says, that sublimed
the fungous flesh
removes
septicand pungent medicine, which

was

of

ulcers, and

makes

mention

which

of

arsenic,by
with

describes

depilatory. He
subliming and whitening

of

process

is

are

we

arsenic.

Geber

it is clear

he meant

white

which

familiar,

now

it.

minutely

AA-icenna
also

likewise
of

treats

the

the

factitious

limed
suboxide

29.)
(iii,

AoTfyittcrm,
Artemisia,
of

subtile

suit with

'
'

Dioscorides

by

camjjestris.

is

first.

the
the

heating in the
They are composed

break

down

of the

womb.

speciesof

recommends

He

the

artemisia

the

first two
describe

probable,

by AAacenna,

Aetius

and

species of
under

was

most

the

this

the
head

Artemisia

whose
of

the

strongly

the
He

of

as
a

also makes
characters

and
an

bath,
hipit
are

berengfef it appears
authorities
describe

artemisia.
an

form

the

described

arborescens, spicata,

given internally,in

and

Galen

in

stones

artemisia

an

(c. 83.)

Avicenna
it

as

it by

be.

only

they

are

injectioninto the vagina.

(iii,
107, 118.) The same
lithontriptic.

be

given
to

three

when

and
to

in the

probably

are

emmenagogue,

varieties

fumigations

The

Commentary.

CoMM.

that

particles,so

kidneys, and
'

desiccant

degree, and

second

both

Mugwort;

oriental
Judaica.

Serapion

and

species,which,
Honain

(ap.

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

Indica.

tlie A.

describes

also

Avicennam),

55

The

famous

Moxa

Comm.
'

is

prepared

to

the

'

from

Under

Travels

lanugo

the

retained

virtues

evident

is
lithontriptic,
Macer

Floridus.

believed

speciesof
from

be

to

from

got

artemisia

the

here

be

in

for

accounted

AVe

by

of

gruel,and

then, having

to

the

consistence.

His
is most

ample

Asarum,
but

more

which

purge

our

him.

in

it is

discutient

leaven

of
now

than

of

the

of

the

descriptionof

the

78th

its
it

added

oil

He

adds,

He

uses.

the

butter

that

difterent

its

to

for

kinds
First

directs

'
"

us

boil it

best

of all

promoting

kinds

Comm.
'

mode

it,to

to

of

consistence

it is the

acquainted

the

sect,

acquires
or

can

is attractive

account

the

until

was

of

Asarabacca,
This
or

and

drunk

has

the

same

and

chronic
with

plant,which
Asarabacca,

common

like white

of

puration.
sup-

cataplasms

the sweet

as

powers

midse

is

certainly the

is said

flag,

to

hellebore,

the

and

promoting

amount

(i,9.)

well

with

to

seems

he
and

is

'^^^^

cal
dropsi; its

he

have

says,
looked
over-

nearly as

Oribasius

recommend

Comm.

to

menstruation

of six drachms,
Galen

Asarum

Dioscorides

by

emetic, answering

sciatica

importance of this article,for

author
in treatingof it ; and Aetius
Scrapiou, Rhases, and Avicenna
the

as

work

interesting. (Med. Collect.)

and

diuretic,heating,

roots

intense.

Europceum,

cases

he

account

Commentary.

be

some

in water

dissolve

with
applications

given

excellent

an

to

proper

(and

moxa,

more

the

poultice and

bread

bread

it is

For

ancients

gives

preparing the
the

have

the

Oribasius

Book.
of

used

of it in the

propertiesof wheat, owing

the

containing salt and leaven.

the deep-seated humours.
of bread

gave

and

KoTOQ,

cataplasm

from

Commentary.

the

particularspecies,the A. moxa) the

treated
of are
now
wholly discarded

'

Bread

That

medicine.

practiceof

Panis,

Barrow's

emmenagogue

an

furnishing the

as

See

Dioscorides

is said

what

from

Except

as

'

adheres

Pereira.

which

character

it,of possessing powerful

which

artemisia.

leaf of the

and
Woodville, ]\Iiller,

China/

long

substance

downy

or

of the

surface

in

artemisia

the

brief
follow

it in

the

56

CoMM.

SIMPLES.

same

cases

Dioscorides, and

as

[book
in obstructions

also

vii.

of tlie liver

"

and

"

spleen^and

authorities
it

(Mat.

:Med.

by

43)

bestowed

retained

Fuligo, the
and
to

in

modern

this

occasion

and

The

now

deserve.

to

seem

has

is

nearly

seded
superis

asarum

still

Pharmacopoeia (p. 22.)

painters

possessed of

38.) Although

attention

it woidd

country.

article

i,178); Rutty

p.

Ipecacuanha

Greek

which

Snot

is

Med.

(Mat,

than

548.)

p.

emetic

an

in the

burn

asarabacca

(M. M.

as

Lewis

Modern

medicinal

Dispensatories,less

our

the

Royle

See

this

of

Gray (Suppl. to Pharmacop.

from

on

it

ingredient in coUyria.

character

the

Dioscorides.

excluded

See

stimnlaut

confirm

given
not

as

It is taken

use.

discutient

and

acrid
It

putrefaction.

from

works,glassso

powers,

as

burns, with

cures

rose-cerate.

CoMxMENTARY.

CoMM.
'

'

'

mention
terms

the

Dioscoridcs

Fuligo,or

and
of

soot

of the other

some

authorities

glassworks,in nearly the

same

Paulus.

as

A.aKa.\apwTr]Q,
Stellio,the Sivift
; this animal
but
bitten

the}^say
scorpion.

Commentary.

CoMM.
"

by

that

'
'

Book.

is

the

good

It is mixed

We

It

it is

have

spotted

for

is useless

apphcatiou

also with

treated

of this

to

by

to

venereal

stellio
author

our

poses,
pur-

persons

excitants.

reptilein

lizard, Lacerta

aphrodisiacal facultyis alluded

all other

the

Fifth

L.

in

Its

another

place.(B. Ill, 58.)

AaK\r]TnaQ,

Asclepias,Sw allow -ivort,being hot and dry as

and
well
consisting of subtile particles,agrees
when

drunk

good

in the

'

is

the

and

There

of

its medicinal

candidly admits,

medicine.

Pliny,

it for

the

like

cure

with

tormina

cataplasm

animals, and

little

he

from
had

Dioscorides
tormina

to

reason

doubt

Swallow-wort.

characters

of

of

venomous

appears

that

form

its powers,

it is

nant
malig-

breasts.

Asclepius vincetoxicum, or

borrows
Galen

in the

bites

uterus

Commentary.

CoMM.
"

wine, and

applicationto the
ulcers

'

with

to

no

and
and

that

Our

Dioscorides.

author

96.)
(iii,

experience of it
our

the

author,
bites

of

it

as

mends
recom-

serpents.

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

(H.

Until

xxvii, 18.)

N.

Dispensatories,with
Pliarmacop.

to

characters

]Med.

in

place

it

given

Rutty (Mat.

held

latelyit

the

Quincy (p.59)

See

57

Comm.
'

'

the

by

44)

p.

modern

our

ancients.

'

Gray (Suppl.

57.)

p.

''AaKvppouis
Commentary.

of under

treated

We

stated

have

Androssemon.
dif-

the
avSocxrai/iWv

under

Comm.
'

distinguishingthe

is in

ficultythere

described

7'icum

decide

whether

the

163.)
the

1. ult. i, 59)

the

an

only

(iii,

either

identical

being

as

an

burns,

applicationto

to

as

ascyrron

"

the

or

E-hases

.(Cont.

heterogeneous

dients,
ingre-

See
.

2. 354.)
(ii,

Avicenna

it

pretend

androscemum

the

androssem.um

the

or

as

of

treat

hypericum

be

speciesof Hype-

cannot

recommends

sciatica,and

Arabians

We

article

present

in

emmenagogue,

with

ancients.

Dioscorides

perforatum.
The

the

by

different

A(T7raXaaoc,
is

Aspalathus, Kose-wood,
acrid

having
desiccant.

and

this

On

of

composed

astringent

powers,

it is useful

account

and

hence

it

for

mortifications

into

the

is

and

defluxions.
Commentary.

We

must

not

enter

discussion

Comm.

re-

'

this

garding
at

the

conclusion

substance
be

what

tree

or

the

Upon

it

to

it in

for

difference

it.

of

shrub

whole

suffice

that

near

so

substituted

great

thus

need

the

of

predominence

rhodium

it

be

will
has

observed

been

authorities.

^Moses

See

Rhases

characters

(Cout. 1.

as

ult.

The
the

in

Greeks.

i,251.)

The

rhodium.

in favour
the
an

of

aspala-

injection

genital

organs
.

distilled

oil of

Lignum

by modern
(llojal Pharmacopoeia,

similar

Charras
Arabians

is

complaints, (i,19.)

other

the

recommended

Chemical, iii,1, 24.)

same

that

to

authorities

is

the

of

there

Lignum

gargle in aphthae,as

or

came

that

recommends

ulcers

impure

the

evidence

Dioscorides
as

latter

botanical

produces

arrived

now

rhodium,

the

the

{chancres ?),in dysuria,flatulence,and

Now

Lignum

scarcely say,

among

it is which

and

spreading

have

we

that
qualities,

We

in wine

that

say,

either

opinion

the

boiled

when

to

was

species of Cytisus.

some

in

article

give
Sec

cases

the

Avicenna

aspalathus the
(ii,2, 20(5);

aspalathus of

Cclsus

(v,24)

CoMM.

[book

SIMPLES.

58

doubt,

no

was,

the

same

Dioscorides.

of

that

as

VII.

is pro-

It

'

'

the

bably

'

/.liXaivap'lQaof Hippocrates.

AtTTrapo'yoCj
but

of

seed.

of

the

It also

and

is detergent,

Myacanthinus,

or

temperament

kidneys

heat

to

as

and

cold

liver, especiallyits

it is

and

roots

toothache.

cures

Commentary.

CoMM.

Asparagus,

middle

deobstruent

Rock

the

Asparagus,

Book

See

I,

75.

The

to

have

been

medicinal

asparagus

'

'

of the

'

would

ancients

garden

for the
suppose,

must

down

the

being

hence
diseases

been

of

affections

of the

collection, and

spleen, (iv, 9.)

is

(ii,2, 603)

A\acenna

treated

fullv

Rhases

Seth, after repeating from

the

kidneys

and

not

surprise

us,

in the
to

hands,
be

cannot

imparts

Casiri

from

(Bibl.Hist.

Corruda

of

by

Galen

(Cato de

R.

the

that

its odour

this

that

(V.
the

337.)

Hippocratic

Arabians.

See

Symeon
acts

asparagus

upon

that this need

herb

of

red colour

herb

Not.

he

alludes
At

Bogdani.)

ancients

believed

held

it is

wild

The

pickle in

i, 667.)

What

and
other

many

as

in the

certain

we

celebrated
powers,

it,remarks

to

Arabians

The

Arab.

been

the

used

are

Dioscorides

it

1. ult.

is reddened.

the cuticle.

by

occurs

exactly ascertained.

it is clear

events

urine

It

(Cont.

since, by holding

the

From

recommends

Celsus

very

ancient,

jaundice, nephritis,and

in

kind.

both

diiuetic

and

been

the

has

asparagus

deobstruent

of

given

like

purposes

our

given by

have

to

acutifoHiis.

time, the

present

it has

A.

from

its root

properties,since

in

the

of

seems

medicinal

been

possessed

there

them

between

have

description

yet

culinary and

same

to

the

and

(ii,151),

little difference

as

from

asparagus,

Dioscorides

appear

different

that

in

sorption
ab-

antiseptic.
called

was

asparagus

all

R.)
AcTTrXjJl'tOV,

Asplenium, Spleemvort,
substance

which

'
"

of

down

stones

Commentary.

CoMM.
"

consists

breaks

It therefore

place in

very

recent

the

or

The
INIateria

period.

has

Ceterach,
subtile
and

Dioscorides

from

propertiesof

particles,but
dissolves

spleenwort,or
Medica

the

indurated

Asplenium

the

commends

is

hot.

spleens.

ceterach, held

earliest times
it in

not

down

diseases

to

of the

is recommended

CoMM,
'

[book

SIMPLES.

60

for

of

ardour

the

"

buboes, and

eyes,

the

atticus

Aster

from

copy

Avicenna

(ii,2, 357)

(Contin. 1.

ult.

It held
See

See

(De

Simpl.

in

particular

96)

Rhases

of Celsus.

works

in the

Dispensatorydown

modern

our

found

It is not

i,95-)

place in

Dioscorides,

Serapiou

treating of

in

Arabians

The

quinsies.

of

stomacli, inflammations

the

'

vii.

to

late date.

Quincy (116.)

AcrroayaAoc^
Liquorice,is a small shrub, having astringent
in no
desiccative
contemptible degree. It promotes

Astragalus,Tfild
roots,

wine

and

is

the

cicatrization

That

species have

Dioscorides.

mostly

duced
pro-

The

(iv,62.)

astringentboth

an

as

it in

find

vetch

the

Avorks

nally
exter-

do

Arabians

not

of

either

manifestlyborrows

author

Our

the

to

and
particular genus
AU
the authorities,both

it

cannot

Celsus.

or

is

the

determined.

modern, recommend

Hippocrates

with

drunk

astragalusbelongs

doubt, but

no

internally. We

and

It

bowels.

the

the

been

never

and

ancient

of

admit

can

when

of Arcadia.

Commentary.
tribe

ulcers, and

old

discharges of

stops the

in Pheeneum
CoMM.

of

from

to

appear

treat

of it.

'Acr^aXroCj

'

Bitumen

CoMMENTAKY.

CoMM.

desiccant

it is therefore

degree :
'""'^

it is

agglutinativeof

The

in

calefacient

and

asphaltus, or

fresh

the

second

wounds.

judaimm,

Bitumen

held

'

place in

down

to

the

Materia

very

Medica

from

period.

recent

the

days

It got the

of

Hippocrates
pitch,

of Jew's

name

having
principallyprocured from Judsea, where
it is found
Sea, or Lacus
floatingon the surface of the Dead
corides
have been
commentators
Asphaltites. Some
puzzled by Diosfrom

been

its

representing
purplish, but
this

colour, such
and

as

not

that

(" 177.)

1. ult.

i, 88)

to

of

See
;

of

colour
borne

in

scarlet

red

the

represent it

modern,

emmeuagogue.
it.

be

it is to

term

the

sea.

the

mind
but

All

finest
that
to

the

any

asphaltus

the

ancients

rich

as

plied
ap-

dark-blue

authorities,ancient

being emollient, discutient, and

of
Serapiou gives a very interestingaccount
also Avicenna
(Cont.
(ii,2, 114) ; Rhases

also Celsus

as

(v,6.)

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

Asphodelus, Kingspear
and

discutient

facient,desiccative,and
Co-AiMEXTARY.
and

crates

in

it

for

pharmic,

and

Our

199.)
Avicenna

26.)

273)
(ii,

sometimes
old

for

all

used

herbalists

Gerard

as

have

toothache,
Galen.

from

For

culinary herb.

It has

been

the

Rhases

and

characters

discarded

alexi-

an

Arabians,

I, p.

the

see

1. ult.
It

i,

was

Our

118.

medicine.

(ii,

cases,

Galen.

as

from

as

(Cont.

Vol.

See

who

recommends

other

many

Dioscorides

repeat its ancient

time

and

an

author

and

mentioned,

Serapion (c.221)

The

is Dioscorides, who

follows

copy

(i,70.)

some

for

externally as

decalvans.

porngo

we

author

They

diuretic, and

elaborately

cure

'

'

are

purposes

as

cures

'

treat

general

it most

the

It therefore

cale-

more

alopecia.
authorities^including Hippo- Comm.
of the Aspodelus ramosus,
or
Kingagreed in recommending it internally

being emmenagogue
applicationto alopeciaor
of

detergent

its aslies become

attenuate.

as

treats

burnt

of

possessed

All the aucicut

Celsus,

and

spear,

is

its root

When

powers.

61

See

Pharmacopoeia

past.
A.TOaKrv\iQ,

Atractylis,Wild Cnicus, or Distaff-thistle

; it is of the thorny
and
tribe, being possessed of desiccative
moderately heating
powers.
In

Commentary.
treated

of

Sprcngel
on

regard
Fuchsius
thistle.

to

another

place (Vol. I, p. 113) we

culinary herb, agreeing

the

in

atractylisas a
referringit to the

Carlina

Dioscorides, however,
it ; most
in

of the

holding

See

it to

Gerard^s

old
be

are

greatly at

herbalists
the

Herbal

The

lanuta.

agree

Carduus

benedidus,

(ii,489.)

We

with

Belon
or

cannot

and

blessed

help

benedictus
remarking, however, that the virtues of the Carduus
means
as
given by Quincy (English Dispensatory,i,2) by no
with those assigned to the atractylis
by Dioscorides
; he
agree
holds it to be alexipharmical.(iii,
Oiu* author copiesfrom
97.)
Galen.
in

The

Arabians

particularAvicenna

supply no additional
2, 159.)
(ii,

information.

See

ATpo"^a^(CJ
Atriplcx, Orache,

moistens

in

the

second

degree

and

Comm.
'

with

tators
commen-

variance

with

have

cools

'

the

in

of the

Hortensis)as

"

as

article

an

from

Dioscorides

explained by
like terms
by
(Cont.
and

Paulus
the

of

it,adds

lentil,and

when

but

is

jaundice

and

It is

his

on

74.

It is still used

Our

author

it is

amplified and

Serapion (c.146)

what

quoting

of

more

and

Dioscorides
he

had

laxative.

like

astringent

powers

difficult to

digest than

strongly desiccative,with

more

of in
Ehases

authority that

own

possessed

eaten

copies

brieflytreated

powerfully emetic

is

{Atriplex

orach

of it is

account

after

Rhases,

Vetch,

the

whose

(ii,
2, 174)

A\dcenna

Wild

lentil

Continent.

(De Simpl. v.)

of it prove

the

moderate

of

heating properties.
This is clearlya speciesof Vicia,but whether
Commentary.
mined.
deterbe
the bithynica,lutea,or hybrida cannot
satisfactorily
degree

'

Galen.

seed

Aphace,

'

(ii,145),

say

Its fruit is pos~

in

the

I, "

in Book

the

on

i,97.)

1. ult.

known

CoMM.

food

of

treated

herb

cuhnary

of

it is useful

whence

have

We

'

belly.-

vii.

liver.

Commentary.

CoMM.

the

opens

detergent powers,

of

obstructions

'

therefore

It

first.

sessed

'

[book

SIMPLES.

G2

of

It is treated
the

with

in

ancients

Arabian

is

indebted

it

to

to

appear

agree

The

astringent powers.
it.

overlooked

have

and

(ii,177)

Dioscorides

to

herbalists, who

older

om-

assigning
would

authorities

author

by

Our

Galen

(De

Simpl. v.)

A^jooi'irpov,
is

Aphronitrum
so

as

to

cure

only
pruritus.

not

to

possessed

those

cleanse
But

of discutient

parts which

drunk

when

detergent

and

are

foul,

for the

it is bad

powers,

but

also

stomach.

J'tVpOV,
A(j)^OQ
nitri;

Spuma

is

substance

it has

powers

like

attenuate, and

more

those

of

therefore

but

natron,

it is smooth

its
like

flom\

and
are
"

induced
The

modern

Dr.

As

Commentary.

CoMM.

Spuma
to

nitrum
chemists

nitri- o^ the

give it
of

Coray's account

the
call

in his

the

name

Nitrmn, Aphronitrum,

is of

high authority,we
translated.
language literally

own

ancients

by

ancients

of the

was

not

that

(nitre or

substance

nitrate

of

which

potass),

being
that

composition of

wliicb

and

And

soda.)
nitrum

called

is
acid

carbonic

or

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

called

and

ofi:'.^^
(Ad Xenoc.
it appears

and

et Galen,

that

the

of soda

were

and

externallyand

the

nitri.

spuma

of

Aquat.)

ex

nitrum

which

gives

easilyscraped
this account

From

"

of the

had

readih^ crumbled

Dioscorides

aphronitrum
rescence
superficialefflo-

softer and

the

native
more

bonate
car-

spongy

bright

into

down

lengthy

more

of

stony lumps

was

lumps

kinds

those

appearance

or

'

softer

the
litri,

harder

and

called

pieces aphronitrum,

and

of

carbonate

more

flourypart, which

de Al.

firmer

and

Comm.
'

combination

native

or

spongy

nitri

spuma

nitrum

native

harder

more

vegetable alkali,Ijut

(natron

the

tlie

and

being

alkali

an

aphrolitrum ; and
of the

acid

natron,

they

litrum,

or

nitric

63

florid

poAvder^
account

its medicinal

either Galen
or
our
author,
propertiesthan
and
disnot
only recommending it externallyas a stimulant
cutient applicationto various
and
diseases
the bites
cutaneous
of mad
antidote
to poisonous
dogs, but also internallyas an
mushrooms, buprestis,bull's blood, "c. (v, 129.) Serapion has
nitrum
and
a
aphronitrum, but it
very interesting chapter on
is in

great
For

(c.411.)
Litrum

under

place that
Afrum
found

made

measure
a

fui'ther

of

account

in this section.

the

aphronitrum

nitrum,

that

is to

from

up

AVe

would
a

say,

Dioscorides
the

may

appear

variety of

and

ancient

just
the

nitrum^

mention

nitrum

see

in this

been

have

to

Galen

merely
or

natron

in Africa.

'A^pctc,
Pyrum
of

the

silvestre,the

common

pear,

Jflld
but

Pear

its

intense.

more

hke

properties are

It therefore

those

tinates
agglu-

large wounds.
Commentary.
wild

pear.

(i,168.)

Dioscorides
He

recommends

Serapion

Absinthium,

and

mentions
it

Mesne

as

an

give it

that
antidote
the

same

it is
to

species of

mushrooms.

character.

heating in the first degree,

but
time
of
drying in the third, being possessed at the same
evacuates
astringent,bitter, and acrid qualities. It therefore
bilious humours
in the stomach
and
by urine.
by the bowels
But
in collections
of phlegm it is of no
service, owing to its
Wormwood

it is

Comm.
'"""'

SIMPLES.

64

The

astringency.

[book

herb

the

liottei' than

mucli

of it is

juice

vii.

itself.

'
'

the

one

not

the

also describes

Dioscorides

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

Ai-temisia

clearlythe

being

marithna,
that

santonica, although it bears

palmata, according to the best modern

the

recommends
in

great many

diuretic

flatulence
in

nagogue

with

ophthalray ;

the

which

the

and

fever,

the

by

used

people
aforesaid

for the

which

were

it is less

the

same

authorities

of
in the

hold

and

that

is very

(H.

as

wine

of

and

Thrace,
of

absence

perties
prosays

southernwood.

as

Arabians

(Bibl.H.

it in

recommending
and

(ColHg. v, 42)

of

xxvii,28.) Galen

desiccative
The

pains

diseases

it

recommend

A.

336.)

All

the

See in particularAvicholagogue.
full in describingthe medicinal
perties
pro-

it is

of syrup,

N.

its

medicinal

many

it.

Casiri

intention.

wormwood,

form

Averrhoes

but

attenuant

2, 2), who
(ii,

cenna

to

calls it anthelminthic.

Apuleius
with

ascribed

intense

the

in the

purposes

fullythe

(iii,
23.) Pliny enumerates

cation
suffo-

dragon

sea

Propontis

about

emme-

effects of ixia and

mentions

He

lieving
re-

vinegar, and

with

cataplasm

cases.

being

as

feeling of

and

mouse
a

corides
Dios-

proving

the

removing

shrew

other

in many

made

they

bowels

suiting in dropsicalaffections

as

spleen, and

wormwood

that

of

removing toothache,

vapour
of

bites

the

beforehand,

taken

and

pessary,

rather

internally;

drunk
when
by mushrooms,
counteracting the poisonous

wine
the

hemlock,

or

but

{Artemisia abrotanum)

when

stomach

of the

potion

induced
when

surfeit

preventing

and

other

the

commentators.

externallyand

both

cases,

species,

and

namC;,

wormwood

true

other

two

in wine.

See

also

Serapion (c. 14);

last

(Cont. 1. ult. i, 9.) The

Rhases

infusion,in decoction,

these, after givingthe opinions of Dioscorides, Galen, Ruffus,

Pythagoras, and Oribasius, quotes Musy (Mesne ?) as saying
of

of it that

it is

stomachic,

jaundice,quinsy,inflammation
the liver,spleen,and womb,
Arabian

authorities

commends

of the
and
it

in
as

appetite,useful

of the

whetter

eye

and

dropsy.
a

hardness

ear,

One

of

deobstruent,

the

same

class,we

need

scarcelyremark

that

of

Serapion's

and

in

substances
in the list of medicinal
jaundice. It occurs
The
latter recommends
both
by Hippocrates and Celsus.
and diuretic.
Although its use
as
being both stomachic
febrifugehas been superseded by a more
popular medicine
of

in

cases

used
it
as

it still holds

of
a

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

place in

the

contains

specieswhich

two

and

Absinthium

Artemisia

modern

Dispensatories.The

our

65

Greek

described

are

Artemisia

See

the

by

'

of

names

of contra

name

Comm.
'

"

latter is the

The

contra.

being an abbreviation
Lindley (Veg. Kiugd. 705.)
its

santonicum,

Pharmacopoeia

vermes.

BaXaJ'OC ^IvovpiKT],
Nut
iinguentaria.

Glans

gency

of

amount

lower

the

therefore

and

tions

of

belly.
the

incisive

when

drunk

when

the

viscera.

along
honeyed w^ater,
and

vomiting

astrinthe

to

loosens

oxycrate it is of

with

It

fleshy

with

in afifec-

detergent
vinegar. Its

proves

in with

use

is

bark

astringent.

very

There

Commentary.
ben

nut, the

ben

See

Myrobalanum,

lead

the

be

can

derived

being

the

from

is the

this

dispute that

no

The

Arabians.

Comm.
'

procured is said to be the Hyperantliera

Ainslie
(Mat. Med. i,197.) It is further

it is

Yahl.

moringa
called

term

which

from

tree

reader

but

with

the

occasion

shall have

we

of

coincidence

the

identify it

to

Arabians, of which

place. Pliny gives an

as
being
representingthe Arabian
the Troglodytic or
Ethiopian, as
in

it were,

as

powers

occasions

rubbed

when

and^

with

taken

But

of
skin

its inner

weight_,it

drachm

for obstructions

and

detergent

parts have

Ben

myrobalans of the
to give some
account
of

interesting account

another

not

must

name

best

the

w^orst.

it has

quality,and

oil in

the

it,

N.

(H.

xii,47.)

got the

often

name
Being principallyused in unguents,
writes fullyof its medicinal
of glans uuguentaria. Dioscorides
it in
an
particular inwardly, as
properties,recommending
and
emetic
applicationto
purgative, and externally,as an
various cutaneous
diseases,such as psora and leprosy (iv,157.)

places as an ingredient in
of the
emollient
especiallyfor indurations
ointments, more
and
Avicenna
spleen (iv,9; v, 18, 4.) The Arabians, especially
Serapion, treat of it at great length,but in nearly the same

Celsus

terms

as

Dioscorides

excluded

been

it in

recommends

in modern

from
times

and
our

and

See

Hill
111.

purge,

but

in

(Mat. Med.

late

Dispensatories;but
the

confirm

the

Of

Galen.

Dioscorides, that is

from

several

to

say, that

latter

4, 94)

characters

it acts

our

of

it

Rutty (Mat. Med.

given above

as

and
p.

has

ties
authori-

older

both

capacity slowly

ben

nut

years

an

with

52.)
5

emetic

pain.

'
'

is

Baccliaris, Spikenard,
used

for

astringent

Commentary.

being

some

English
and

names

repeats

that

the

It does

characters

Our

Dioscorides,

who

being

to

author

of

ties.
authori-

ancient

the

and

Celsus
his

draws

recommends

of

in those

nor

it

of

characters
other

it, among

ointment.

Lydian

the
fi'ora
as

purposes,

promoting parturition(iii,
44.)

and

emmenagogue

herb

Avorks

in the

occur

Arabians.

on

appliedboth

is

given by

Dispensatories.
expelled from our
the Glossa Hippocratica,mentions

since

long

it

of

Commentary

name

not

disputed article,tbe

mucb

of its
think, is in favour
authority,as we
Gerard
Old
gives it the
species of Conyza.
of ploughman's spikenard and
cinnamon-root,

been

in his

Galen,

this

of

the

It has

being

in fluxes.

Regarding

predominance

is

boiled

its leaves

Bnt

VII.

cinnamon,

when

its root

and

emmenagogue.

beneficial

are

like

fragrant herbj

acrid;

It is

garlands.

and
deobstruent, diui'etic,

CoMM.

[book

SIMPLES.

66

BaAavoTtOJ',
Balaustium,

of

the Flower

also

astringent,haAing
heals
CoMM.

Commentary.
is

ancient
an

on

tseuia.

and

general

other

use

Arabians

give

balaustine
from
to

the

stop vomiting.

wanting

confirm

efiicacy of

dysentery, and

of the

double

Galen
that

it

writes

it is

internally

similar

from

of the

Wild
the

by
he

meant

elaborately

very

example
stating

of

that

it

externallyin intertrigo
of haemoptysis,
cases
stomach

it,and

or

further

appetite,and

intoxication,and
See

It

principallyas

which

good

the
of

account

whetter

in

used

much

ascaris,by

and

(ii,
2, 109.)
to

medicine

this intention

ill eff'ects of

Avicenna

the

as

Flower

with

it is powerfully

powers.

recommends

all defluxions

in

cold

astringent quality,and

an

ulcers,

dysentery, and
The

of

the

broad

(See ii,147.)

article,contending

this

in

kill the

to

plant possessed
was

Dioscorides

physicians.

anthelminthic

the

astringent

an

and

desiccant

Balaustine, or

Pomegranate,

Pomegranate

stops defluxions.

and

superficialsores,

IVild

the

medicine

womb.
mend
recom-

restorative
calculated

j)articularSerapion (129),and
Although modern
authority is not

what

balaustine

in

the

ancients
as

menorrhagia,

stated

astringent

an

it

have

has

been

in

excluded

regarding
diarrhoea,
of

late

68

CoMM.

SIMPLES.

Oribasius,

neither

is it found

[book

in

Celsus.

Avicenna

vii.

Ebn

and

"
"

Baithar

they

believe

we

from

copy

the

are

only

Dioscorides

Arabians

(ii,2, 553,

who

and

it, and

notice

i, 166.)

^aroc,
Riibus, the Bramble;
and

and

desiccantj

defluxions.
in

calciiK.

It is therefore

is

edible

desiccant, more

addition

and

hotter,
but

the

especiallyif

its

to

has

is

dried.

In

down

is

renal

astringency.
and

sour

like

stops

astringency,

moderate

unripe

and

breaks

It therefore

degree.

rijiefruit

Its

moderately astringent

agglutinates wounds

in

root,

small

no

is

shrubby part

therefore

The

attenuate

its

powerfully
also

manner

the

flower.
CoMM.

CoMMEXTARY.
Dioscorides
the

cosus,

B.

The
is

probably

other

is the

'\oaioq of
be

to

the

cannot

Fragaria

writer, but

the

abridges Galen,
of the
and

desiccative

dysentery, fluxes
as

fluor

it

aphthae

hence

of the

he

as

an

when
of

antidote

chewed,

children,

brieflyalluded

The

Arabians,

Serapion (De
held

their

be

as

to

to

ancient

many
in
from

usual, copy
and

sting

which

fiiiit of
from

Om'

it to

indulges

looseness

the

and

its

author
powers

moderately astringent

of

the

of the
the

externally,for

Celsus

Sinipl. 124)

place

the

was

defining the

pronounces

strengthen

to

and

by

Greek

any

be

in

useful

the

other

the

and

diseases

and

in

Prester

serpent

cure

of

cure

more

tion
decoc-

bowels,

gums

in

in calculus

still

virtues,recommending
in

astringent

an

as

its

achor, procidentia oculi, and

is

to

others

bowels, atony, hcemoptysis, and

exposition of

albus,

its leaves

and

out

and

Eustathius,

to

great pains in

makes

The

of
(iaruiSsg,

xiii,121.)

lithi'ontriptic.Dioscorides

lengthened
of

is at
he

Iliad,

fruti-

suppositionwe
by

author,

by

bush.

(]Met. i, 104)

f.Lopov

our

(Ad

this

Ovid

called, according

so

who

which

batos,

bv

made

Rubus

Ruellius

noticed

The

62.)

xxv,

mulberries.

to

by

the

with

not

are

described

raspberry

supposed by

was

occasionally

resemblance

Idcexis,or

mentioned

N.

bramble
one

Straivberry, but

first

bramble, being

of

well-known

Strawberries

are

is

species

Rubus

or

by Pliny (H.

mention

that

Dioscorides

agree.

then

first

the

herpes,

36.)
(iii,

It

treating of lientery (iv,16.)

Dioscorides

A^-icenna
chai"acters

and

(ii,2, 572.)
in

our

Galen.

See

The

rubi

Dispensatories

down
the

SIMPLES.

iii.J

SECT.

to

late date.

rubi

still

are

See

which
and

also

pain

the

of

Croivsfoot,consists

of acrid

but

and

when

skin.

caustic, so

dried

Commentary.

is

root

Sec

purposes.

'

four

varieties, all
desiccant

it proves

of

powers,

ulceration

with
of

only detergent

sternutatory.

According

Comm.
'

occasion

to

as

moderately used,

The

of

89.)

p.

possessedof powerfullyheating and

are

several

yet

for medicinal

shops

Gray (Suppl. to Pharmacop.

Ranunculus,

Even

Quincy (p. 94.)

in the

kept

69

Sprengel, the

to

first

species is

Com.m.
'

the

Ratiunctdus

Asiaticus

third,

the

Galen

recommends

R.

and

it

as

second,

him.

stigmata,

chilblains,and
Arabians

of

treat

Greeks, copying
and

Galen.

343.)

Neither

from

of

for the

tumours,

them

R.

-as

author

our

similar

account

of

leprous

fomentation

to

toothache.

the

The

terms

same

characters

(ii,2, 368),

aquatilis.

removal

remove

in

medicinal

from

and

the

as

Dioscorides

Ebn

Baithar

gives anj-thingoriginal of
authority. The
ranunculi,

Arabian

any

other

Avicenna

See

them

ranunculi

their

the

'
'

the

lanuginosus;

gives a

applicationto

the

R.

fourth,

Dioscorides

and

an

as

tlie

the

powerful escharotic,and

ranunculi, recommending

nails,psora,

nor

the

miiHcatus

evidently copies from

of the

(ii,

his

own,

we

need

been
discarded
scarcely mention, have now
by the regular
still kept in the
are
practitioner;but yet several of them
vesicants.
shops, and have the reputation of being excellent
old
Gray (Suppl. to Pharmacop. p. 122.) In like manner

Culpeper
safer

that

affirms

blister

than

the

crowsfoot

contain

not

effectual

an

(p. 59.)

cantharides

Pharraacoposia does

is

The

and

modern

much
Greek

it.

Barpayoi,
Ranse,Frogs; they
bites

of

desiccant

with

liquidpitch.

them

the

green

Dioscorides, Galen,
in

species with

burnt,

when

the

which

frog.

into

cases

they
Wc

have

mentioned
must

have

stated

in

for the

soup

ashes

become

alopecia,along

cure

and

by

their

stop hemorrhages, and

and

Commentary.

made

when

eaten

animals

venomous

very

mend

are

Scrapion
author.

oiu-

been
another

recom-

most

The

familiar

place

Com

that

is
the

"

M.
^

SIMPLES.

70

[book

vii.

if

CoMM.

Greeks

"-^^

food.

and

Romans

did

not

tlie

use

frog

article

an

as

of

(Vol. I, 166.)

BSfXXto)',
Bdellium

both
;

which

powers

especiallythe
and
tripticj

the

prove

emollient

recent.

The

Ind.
he
from

well
suflBciently

afterwards, it is

which

bdellium

is

that

Rumphius

the
that
most

the

]Matthiolus,who

Borassus

maintained

of

"

The

Bdellium

term

substances.
bdeUium

Med.

(Hindoos

Bdellium, and

p.

1634.)
in

ancients

the

flabelliformis,
it is procmed

that

kinds

of

bdellium

menstruation

still more

See

to

to

have
;

be

it for
in

diuretic,and

it.

Dunbar's

to

at

all events

supplied

little

called

what

or

no

their

recommends

apphcations.

it does

not

occur

As

in the

it
far

as

it.

He

as

works

of

promoting
emetic,

an

evidently

were

Grecian

information

have

masters

respecting

and

been

sents
repre-

dissolvent,

for

frequently as
we

both

acquainted

were

tumours,

additional

The

acquainted with

they

than

have

we

Lexicon.

Tlie Arabians

the bdellium

African

Africana." (Mat.

particularSerapion (De Simpl. 117),

(ii,2, 112.) Celsus

in external

Royle

is

fumigations,and

(i,80.)

expectorant
with

further

calefacient,emollient, and

pessaries,and

false

or

See

described

has

dissolvinghard

fomiliar

in

well

gummy

from

Greek

been

of

obtained

further

see

two

the

is

the Heudolotia

Bdellium,

bdellium

recommends

have

from

to

bdellium,

kind

other

Indian, for Dioscorides

the

but

90.)

appear

is Indian

Commiphora.

The

the

applied

Scripture,which
?)

Appendix

would

the

of

is obtained
On

is

of these

One

{Balsamodendron

and

the

Upon the whole,

authority of Forskael,

Amyris

with

certained
clearlyas-

Cliamwrops humilis.

or

the

these

tree

rejectsthe conjectureof Sprengel,

high authority of Ksempfer and

He

myrrh,

said

been

hitherto

yet

the
on
Virey, founded
it is got from
to be
some
species of Amyris, seems
probable. Dr. Pereira
gives the following account

opinion

resinous

Med.

actual

the

fact that

not

(Mat.

remarks

this article ; and

described

procured from

dwarf palm,

this article

"

it is

also that of
the

more

diuretic^ lithon-

Ainslie

Dr.

as

got has

although supported by

from

tumours,

is also

lamentable

botanists.

by

and

indurated

Arabian

Dioscorides,

i, 30), has

adds

of

possessed of

are

digestive.

Commentary.

CoMM.

Arabian

Scytliiauand

an

Ancenna

ingredient
able

Hippocrates.

to

cover,
dis-

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

71

Bfrrovtfcr;,

Bettonica, Bettony, is
those

of

in

situations,and

medicines.

There

but

others

situations,having

leaves

said

be

mentioned
with

leaves

dedication

Augustus,

to

betony
to

"

MMS."

is useful

for

of

says

in which

after
"

it,

cubitum

ultra

Cestrou

in

it

For

; for

pains

teeth, boiled

the

Comm.
'
'

work

in

prevent

of the

eyes

wine

as

head,

ceeds
pro-

the

psj^chotrophon,
tenuibus, thyrso

cases
as

an

external

he
plication
ap-

pains in
and

for

consumption

the

liver,spleen, and

the

to

of

amount

for calculus

antidote

in which

; for

fomentation

or

an

he

description of

of the

that

emperor

quercui similibus,
thyrsi spicato, modo

of tiie
in

foliis

some

eightcyathi of hydromel
intoxication

the

etiam

vocatur,

fractures

in old

with

commences

short

vinegar;
for
of
difficulty breathing ;
complaints of
kidneys ; as a purgative when
given to

of

in

Libellus

seen

informs

summitate

recommends

bites

vomiting, and
is

locis,radicibus

following are

he

giving

The

to

as

for its root

have

author

quadrangulo,

odoris, semine

drachms

action

forty-sevencomplaints,which

thymbrte.ee

the

its

to

There

We

The

frigidisreperiturin

siquidem
boni

cept
aforementioned, ex-

purposes

says,

in octavo.

enumerate,

He

tenui

cold

It is published Tiyuri, a.d.

by Alston.
1537,
is
It
small
a
by Humelbergius.
work, occupying

notes

herb.

cestrum;

'

some

scarcelyfour
the

called

commonly to Augustuses physician,

there are
to L. Apuleius, of which

ancient

very

nephritic

delights in

hydromel, occasions

Alston

attributed

INIusa,by

to

of

it

mostly

herb

name

addition

other

many

with

Dr.

(De Betonica)

the

is possessed

bowels.

the

Commentary.

Antonius

for

drunk

open

another

the

to

In

powers.

diuretic,it is useful
the

gives

like

grows

composition of

Romans

resemblance

no

its medicinal

when
particular,

the

It

taste.

psychrotrophon, because

it

name

the

branches

slender^ and

more

for the

is used

Dioscorides

which

bettonica, to

still

is among

slender

having

qualityto

scarcelyany

rocky

herb

pennyroj-al,but

the

of

for

poisons

four

dropsy;
and

the

reptilesand mad dogs ; for gout, "c. Many

diiferent opinions,as stated by Sprengel, have
been entertained
respecting this herb.
Perhaps, as he suggests, it may have
been the Rumex
Htjdrolapatlmm or Aquaticus. The Kiar^zvq of
venomous

Dioscorides

he

thinks

is the

B.

alapecurus.

But

for the

gene-

ral

CoMM.
'

[book

SIMPLES.

72

of this

literature

subject,we

'

it in tlie

'

on

held

Appendix
in

place

and

purulent

where

he

it,that

of

says

snakes
(v, 27, 10.) For
stings of venomous
Averrhoes
in particular Serapion (322), and
Our

betony, praiseit
of

and

herbalists

old

and

diuretic

as

ptysis
it in haemoit enters
for

vulnerary herb,

as

an

dysentery

Arabians,

the

and

see

(Coll.v, 42.)
who

authorities

modern

other

late

place,
only in one
application to the

it

useful

an

betony

very

antidotes

mentions

it is

The

to

chest, and

Myrepsus's

Celsus

affection.

ceeUac

of

discussion

our

recommend

Pliny
of the

affections

several

ingredient into
and

and

Dioscorides

Both

period.

down

Medica

Materia

the

to

Lexicon.

Greek

Dunbar^s

to

refer

must

VII.

of

treat

being possessed

as

faculties.

emmenagogue

BjJ^tOV,
Tussilago,
named

Coltsfoot,it is

proving useful
it is composed

its

from

fumigations; and
CoMM.
'

of

and

hot

'
*

it in

recommend

Galen

and

Dioscorides

so

orthopnoea in

coughs, and

for

it is

watery substance.
Tussilago Farfara,or Coltsfoot.Both

It is the

Commentary.

Bechicon

called

also

fumigations for

the

coughs, and this reputationit has retained down to the

expelled from our Dispensatories,a
present day. Though now
is still in considerable
patent medicine, prepared from coltsfoot,
Greek
Pharmacopoeia
celebrity. It is retained in the modern
of

cure

(p. 67.)
BX/tov,
is

Blitum, Bute,
cold
CoMM.

second

in the

The

celebrated
Galen

114.)
medicinal

is humid

potherb,which

and

degree.

Commentary.

long

an

esculent

as

in

brief

very

herb.

medicinal
like

Dioscorides,

powers

Blitum,

Amaranthus

or

culinary and

and

bhte,

author,

our

For

terms.

has

(See
treat

the

been
vol.
of

i,
its

Arabians,

(ii,2, 518) ; Serapion (De Simpl. 148) ;

Averrhoes
(Cont. 1. ult. i, 128) ; Ebn
(Colhg. v, 41) ; Rhases
it strongly
authorities commend
Baithar
(i,154.) These Arabian
as
an
apphcation in diseases of the skin, and in phthiriasis,
and
also in alopeciaand
apostemes, Archigenes, as quoted by
Avicenna

see

Rhases,
is

treated

ceased

to

blite is

says, the
of
occupy

by

our
a

more

herbalists

older

place in

laxative

our

than
;

but

the
has

Dispensatories.

mallow.

long

It
since

-SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

bitterness,and
cative

and

emetic

is

the

at

of

have

the

esculent

considers

onion_,but

In

addition

that

uncertainty

with

emetic

various

in

loose

when

drunk, it cures
treat

very

it

of

given

merely

the

the

Hyacin-

often

Galen.

See

of

plied
ap-

of its medicinal

when

its

decoction

produces vomiting

succeeding authorities,like
it. The

to

possessed
was

says

and

dominance
pre-

believe

we

are

bulbus

of

but

being

roots

deal

good

hulbus;

itself,and

by
the

and

is also

emetic

succinctlyof

Dioscorides

from

copy

and

Galen

(ii,200, 201.)
author,

bulbous

of the bladder

diseases

Comm.

preferringthe

matter, however,

name

eaten

that

comosmn.

account

of its

Dioscorides

manner.

properties,that
is

the

that

The

species

Muscari

the

There

favour

plants having
and

powers,

in

been

have

for

emetic

the

to

is desic-

Book

First

of

aSoc jSorcu'jjg
|3oX/3oc:
op.oi.aq

fact of the

The

comosus.

that

regard

authority is

of

be

add

to

KoXyriKw.(Idyll,xiv.)

Kpo/iifivw

to

mentioned

there

reasons

degree

detergent.

in the

it to the

refers

Sprengel

the

to

also

bulbus

conjecture of Harduin, we have

by the SchoHast on Theocritus

thus

and

mentioned

We

certain

astringency,and

of

time

same

agglutinativeof wounds^
hotter in its properties.

Commentary.
Harduin

BoA/3oc,
is possessed of

esculent

the

Bulbus;

73

our

Arabians, also, merely

Avicenna
particulai-ly

2, 85) ; Serapion (c.355.)

(ii,

Borpyg,
and

call it Ambrosia,
Botrys, Goosefoot;
It is a plant sufficiently
Vort.
fragrant,and
some

wine

There

Commentary.

plant described
of

Oak

Jerusalem.

Chenopodium
Dioscorides

not

noticed
any

of

yet it held
time

of

no

seems

by

our

It

has

to

reason

drunk

old herbalists
now

got the

doubt

under

with

that

the

scientific

brieflyrecommended
120), and Pliny (N. H.
(iii,

in

It is

Botrys.

by
by

when

Mug-

orthopnoea.'

cures

is the

others

tliis Comm.
of

name

of

name

orthopnoea
It is

xx\'ii,
31.)

by Galen, Aetius, Oribasius, Celsus, nor we believe

the Arabians, with
tl^eexception of El)n Baithar,
a

place in

our

English Dispensatory

as

late

Quincy.
Bovpwvtoi',

Bubonium,

has

been

described

under

Aster

Atticus.

as

the

SIMPLES.*

74

[book

vii.

Boi"yXw(T(TOl',
Biigloss,is humid

Buglossum,
Hence

Avheu

added

Commentary.

CoMM.

wines

to

The

hot

and

it is said

Borage^

in

temperament.

produce hilarity.

to

Anchusa

or

its

Bughssum,

long

Dioscorides

down

held

'

'

in

place

'

the

it had

Boerhaave^
Dioscorides
not

in the

IMedica.

From

reputation of being

the

(iv,126) ;

with

met

Materia

Avicenna

works

good

cordial.

See

"We

believe

it is

(ii,2, 375.)

either

of

to

Hippocrates

Celsus.

or

BoUl'EtO)',
Buuium

(or Arctium), Rape

and

nagogue;

the

Pseudobunium
We

Commentary.

CoMM.

hot, diuretic,and

it is

in like

treated

this

of

emme-

manner.

article,which,

notwith-

'

"
'

standing
we

disagreement of

the

Earth-nut,

as

it to be

the

the

Bunium

in the

First

discharge,and
and

the

bladder

Bulbocastamwi,
Book.

in

of

modern

oui*

affections
and

Galen

(iv,122.)

account

same

in

useful

it

as

The

of
the

or

bunium
pseudorepresents

to

promote

the

the

neys,
spleen,kid-

other

authorities

author.

our

herbalists,

Dioscorides

tenuis.

PimpineUa

and

commentators

diuretic,calefacient,possessingpowers

lochial

place

be

to

culinary herb

be

may

give

believe

willing to

are

the

It

held

long

Dispensatories.

BouTrprjcrrjCj
is

Buprestis,Burncoiv,
and

be

'
*

tained

prepared

Whatever

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

therefore

may

respecting the

satisfied that

fullyof

it

it

as

the

was

resembling

doubts

poison

Meloe
in

others

in the

Cantharis,

the

Fifth

have

may

ancients,

vesicatoria.

the

the

like it.

Biiprestis of

of it is made

mention

insect

an

Book

We

"

we

enter-

well

are

have

31.

treated

Occasional

Hipprocratictreatises. (De

Mulieb.

i, et alibi.)

Butyrum, Butter,
discutient
of

in

buboes

Beckmann

of

digestiveand

applied to
and

children

it concocts

linctus

'
"

for

use

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

possessed

propertieswhen

especiallyof

more

is

parotis;
during

humours

Though

it

soft bodies

it is therefore

it attenuates

the

time

lodged

of

in the

the

the

gums,

dentition, and
chest.

certainlybe true,

that
(Historyof Inventions),

moderately

Greeks

as

and

stated
Bomans

by

SIMPLES.

76

and

Cor-iM.

He

is

from

from

taken

mostly

'

milk.

cow's

That

and

of

is

but

that

boils

parotis,bubo,

in

the

the

aff'ections of

of

drunk

and

in

copies

the

descriptionwhich

he
from

borrows

of

nothing

his

butter

in

(ii,2,

110.)

own.

the

exactly

also

of

it

both

Aetius
Galen.

2.)

Paulus,

as

when

from

Rhases

and

gives

also recommends

Dioscorides

as

as

like

mentions

(xv,

Avicenna

cases

bodies,

inflammatory

of butter

and

no

such

(De Simpl. ix.)

Dioscorides.

133.)

same

and

pneumonia,

Oribasius,

(1.ult.

hard

others

many

gives

name.

it has

inflammations,

He

linctus.

Dioscorides, Galen,

quotes

Galen.

form

Oribasius

children.

pleurisy and

in

expectorant

(ii,104.)

of very

and

mouth,

in

mouth

the

soft

fill up

its

that

means

it also in dentition

recommends

He

useful

discusses

and

rates
enume-

portion of discuregard to softness

with

powers

he
body, by which
preternatural tumours

it concocts

nature.

small

got

in greatest

it derives

hence

with

powers

intermediate

discuss

to

and

is

and

is contained

of the

hardness

powers

of cows,

concoctiTC

it has

tient, and

milk

the

butter

it.

upon

merely

incarnate

vii.

being

butter

most

Celsus

which

that

states

dwell

not

stating that

articles

the

among

quantity in

shall

xsviiij35.)

N.

(H.

(v, 14.) Galen

sores,

in

of milk

Pliny's account

Dioscorides^ we

original,hov.ever,

butter

81.)
(iij

cicatrizingulcers,

'

[book

Serapion literallytranslates
(De Simpl. 457.)

and

Galen,

Dioscorides

and

J^ov(j)6a\/iioi',
but

camomile,

has

Oxeye,

Buphthalmum,
much

discutient, so

larger
as

to

cure

flower

and

like

that

acrid.

more

indurations

It

when

the

of

is therefore

mixed

with

cerate.

'
'

The

CoMMEXTARY.

CoMM.
'

to

of

make

Helleborus

the
niger,

and

so

(Ad Dioscor.)
Valentino.

Our

old

herbalists

Buphthahnum,
some

forth.

some

much

puzzled what
contending for its being
were

species of ConsUigo,
See

It would

seem

author

boiTOws

Gerard

(Herbal)

likelythat
all that

was

(iii,
146.) Galen
chapter of Dioscorides
terms
as
respecting it in nearly the same
the Arabians, see
Avicenna
(ii,2, 97.) It

the

in the

Hippocratic collection.

some

and

Sprengel

it is the
worth

themum,
ChrysanAnthemis

copying

expresses
Dioscorides.
is

not

in

himself
For

mentioned

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

like

Sabina, Savin, being

desiecative
it is
drunk.

third

in the

possessed

It is

Dioscorides

cifolia.

The

He

recommends

spreading

to

bloody

abortion

the

ancient

works,
hold

well

are

it to

be

when

drunk

form

in

particular Avicenna

like

by

produces

Floridus

when

Its

the

(ii,2, 6);

Serapion

his

genuine),

and

rious
delete-

Arabians.

See

medicinal

by

manner

All

(but

generally reputed

"

tion
applica-

and

wine,

Comm.

tamaris-

it

says

in

Macer

medicine.

given

are

described

fumigation. (L,104.)

of

not

are

aware,

uterine

an

powers
in

He

if

powers

external

carbuncles.

ticles,
par-

Crj)ress.

savine

an

and

subtile

cypressifoUa and

authorities, including

we

of

the

principallyas

in the

applied externally,or

heating

discutient

like

Sabina

and

sores

and

water

it

is

consisting of

species

the

probably

are

and

subtilizing and
two

it

Cypress,

mortifications

applied to

Commentary.

the

degree

of

11

Ebn

(c. 255);

Baithar

(i,5.) Apuleius praisesit strongly in jaundice. We

need
that
savin
still retains its place in our
scarcely mention
certain
Dispensatory, being, according to Pereira, the most
"

and

powerful

With

regard

to

jts

excitant

obviously

and

ii'ritant

ancient

uterus."

authorities

had

the
the

on

Suudelin,

the

on

action

to

according
specific

of

emmenagogue

All

]\rateria

animal

the

it operates,"

"

shows

"

Pereira,

kidneys,

this

]Medica.'^

economy,

quoted by

as
on

whole

and

how

as

yet

more

correctly

the

of its powers.

judged

"

Boerravt/cj/,
Bretannica, Water-dock,
and

powers,
dock.

The

juice

were

versy

cures

It

would

place, to

proper

which

to

SprengeFs
say,

appearance

be

not

astringent and

resembles

mortifications

has

touch

upon

prevailed among

the

with

regard

in the

worth

this

to

investigatethe subject may

elaborate

of

possessed

while,

glutinative
ag-

Wild-

the

mouth.
if this

even

Comm.
'

'

the

authorities
wish

in

of it

Commentary.

is

work

'De

Vera

'^Annotations

that, in

all

Herba
on

the
old

All

hunting's
and

Britannica,' (Amst. 1698,)

Dioscorides'

the

nical
botawould

Whoever

Professor

consult

contro-

and

herbalists

plant.

probability,tlie plant

speciesof water-dock.

lengthened

(iv,2.)
in

authorities

Suffice

question
who

treat

was

it to
some

of it

give

SIMPLES.

78

it

CoMM.
'

'

mucli

the

character

same

as

[book
See

author.

our

vii.

particularly

It held
a
(ii,2, 102) ; Serapion (c. 222.)
place in
represents
English Dispensatory as late as Quincy, who
of the
Bretannica
be
to
the
{''the hydrolopathum, supposed

Avicenna

'

our

it

ancients")

the

as

specificfor

scurvy.

Boo^ioc,
Avena,

has

Oats,

desiccative^ and
has

also

well

It is not

Commentary.

CoMM.

it

astringencyj whence

of

without

discutient

moderately

some

those

resembling

powers

It is

barley.

It

pungency.

diarrhoeas.

cures

ascertained

this

whether

be

'

"

Avena

'

an

head

is

is not

The

Secale.

or

of bv

Celsus

the

nor

Dioscorides

author

Our

probably spurious.

treated

of

chapter

under

this

Galen.

abridges

It

Arabians.

4'

Bowov,

Bryum
and

sea-biyum

the

useful

is therefore

inflammations
found

oaks,

on

time

that

is

applied

which

as

and

astringent,

cataplasm

is called

poplars, and

white

cooling

to

splanchnon,

pitch-trees,is at

moderately emollient,

hot

being

the

same

especiallythat

more

cedars.

upon

It

Commentary.

CoMM.

when

kind

and

discutient

lichen

or

e\ddent

appears

that

it is

species

of

'

'
"

Lichen

Usnea,

or

is borroAved

closely

what

but

Arabian

the

from

principallyin
of

hip-bath

without

appearing

E-hases, however,
1. ult.

the
adds

is

quite

delivery

that,

Serapion

identifyit

Avicenna

i, 753.)
in

of

dose

recommends
Several

are

still to

be

of

found

of
it

10

with
of

the

foetus

either

drs.

it acts

the

shops,

being powerful astringents.

macop.
pp. 11, 12.)

See

of

of the

bryon

tringent
as-

form

713)

species

and

usnea

Greeks.

identity. (Contin.
dead
as

genera

and

an

the

(ii,2,

principallyas being
the

copies

as

in

womb,

their

usnea

author

it is emmenagogue,

speciesof
in

the

term

it

several

aware

says

the

Our

Avicenna

notice

to

The

recommends

affections

biiefly

(c. 247)

Serapion

authors.

fumigation.

or

clear.

not

Dioscorides

Galen.

from

speciesis

have

and

cures
proHe

alive.

or

deadly poison.

diuretic
lichen
the

Gray (Suppl.

and
and

menagogue.
emusnea

reputation of
to

the

Phar-

it

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

the

Bryonia, Bryony

Commentary.

See

White

79

is

Vine

a/.nre\oQ. Mesne

under

and

plilegmagoguOj deobstruent,
of tlie
epilepsy,vertigo,coldness

as

for

especiallyin
hard

to

form

of

figs and

plaster,with

wine

the

of hones, thorns, and

whitlow, spicultie
he

says, it proves

also commends

it

and
internally

externallyhe

as

has

by

animals.

venomous

the

In

word,

draught,

He

face.

scrofula.

of persons

cure

'
*

of

abortion.

of

in

'

the

removal

In

procures

praisesit
the

in

the

like.

in diseases

cosmetic

further, that it is useful

bitten

and

emmenagogue

spleen,in

for

medicine;

couglis,asthmas,
tion
applica-

the

of

Comm,

external

an

as

inflammations

aspostemes,

recommends

diuretic

nerves,

pleurisy,and

linctus,in

named.

so

who

Both

He

adds

have

been
author

ancient

no

flatteringan eulogium upon bryony as Mesne

need
(De Simplicibus.) We
scarcelysay that bryony {Bryonia
dioica or alba) is now
regarded in the light of a poison rather
than
Clirismedicine.
See Orfila (Toxicol.Gen. i, 679), and
a
bestowed

tison

so

(p.445,

Poisons

on

First

edition.)

FoXo,
Lac, Milk
a

cheesy, a

serous,

and

greatest abundance
fiprmed.

Whey

it loosens

the

thick

part is

it is

way,

acrid

defluxions

other

an

and

fidlyin

subject in
from
of

the

The

sheep ;
the
this

Galen.
the

which

from

The

remedy
The

acrid

milk

of

which

the

last of all the

We

have

place.

Book

treated
that

Our

whole

we

author's

the

is of

the

goat^s,and
of

milk
of

the

need
account

as

cantharides

or

as

all

lated
reguthat

then

of

cows.

enlarge
of it is

remedy

arsenic, have

milk

and

propertiesof
not

any
other

best

Dioscorides, Galen, Celsus, Serapion,

milk

or

of

eye,

and

acrid

pebbles

contents

of

woman

cheesy

dysenteriesand

humours

and

First

for

is

hence

blunts

hot

by

in

it butter

account

either

bowels.

after

that

on

is boiled

authorities,recommend

substances, such

substances,

last is contained

milk, and

and

applicationsfor

Commentary.
so

cow^s

excellent

on

acrimonies.

ass

the

of three

possessed of detergent properties,and

milk

temperament
the

fatty part,

compact,

more

other

suitable

consists

milk

belly if separated by boiling.

When

humours.

are

in

is

of

sort

every

been

on

milk
the

abridged

and

when

most

acrid

swallowed.

Comm.

80

SIMPLES.

Dioscorides

[book

VII.

of melanclioly,
whey is beneficial in cases
in all parts of
and
exanthemata
epilepsy^lepra,elephantiasis,
the body.
He
recommends
rations
milk
as
new
a
gargle in all ulce-

CoMM.

says

of

the

ulceration

and

either
it

is

itself

by
also

Avoman's

who

he

when

says,

and

stomach

di'unk

applicationto

of the

the

in

to

the

of

chondrus
A

breast, relieves

the

it suits the

of those

cure

useful

is otherwise

kinds

All

gout.

womb.

of the

from

phthisis;

and

of

decoction

sucked

with

sheep, cows,
pebbles, and injected

ulcerations

sea-hare, and

eyes,

milk

with
the

ptisan, or

bowels

the

on

says, the

boiled

adds,

of the

have

he

when

with

or

defluxions

He

injected,he

milk,

erosion

in

tenesmus.

stops them,

goats

or

and

mouth,

as

of

an

milk,

liver,
inapplicable in diseased
spleen, diseased
affections,fevers,and headaches,
vertigo,epilepsy,all nervous

"

adds,

unless
the

are

when

the

schiston

All

the

schiston

was

other

given to move
explained in

have

we

authorities,whether

of milk, follow

Serapion (De

Dioscorides

the

views,

Thus

he

various

it in
poisons, but condemns
Hippocrates prescribesmilk in
been
to have
very partialto the

fevers.
seems

recommends

the
bowels.

regard

milk,

to

it in

as

phthisis,and

schiston, prepared

with

in

See

particular
nearly the

entertained

same

Greek

authorities.

as

antidote

an

headaches
various

and

to

acute

instances, and

of it.

use

(" 88.)
in treating

Arabian,

or

Galen.

Celsus

What

bowels.

Fii'st Book

the

Greek
and

Simpl. 457.)

with

the

is

pebbles, in

He

mends
recom-

affections

of the

(Epidem. vii.)
FaXrj,

Mustella,
Wherefore
and

the

Weasel;
rubbed

when

rheumatism

when

burnt,

in

along with
prepared and

when

its ashes

vinegar it
dried

it

discutient.

are

relieves

gout
with

answers

epilepsies.
Commentary.

CoMM.
'

'
"

of

According

mustella,

but

neither

the

English, nor
of its medicinal

M.

the

Furo,

virtues

to

or

Sprengel, the FaXrj

M.

communis,

Ferret.

is taken

from

Our

is

called

author's

species

weasel

in

description

Dioscorides.

VaXiov,
GaUum,
its

name

Yellow
of

Galium

Ladies'
from

Bedstraw,
its

or

Cheese

Rennet

coagulating milk.

it derives

It resembles

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

The

Commentary.

subacrid.

The

flower

of it

burns.

and

hemorrhages

suits with

and

is desiccative

cleavers,and

the

81

Galium

name,

very

now

veriim,

gene-

Comm.

all

They
have

the

merely

Dioscorides

from

copy

able to

been

not

'

'

yellow bed-straw, impliesthat it is generally

sides
admitted
to be the
Dioscorides, begalium of the ancients.
by oiu' author,
assigning to it the virtues enumerated
It was
states, that it is aphrodisiacal(iv,94.)
principally
it conand
this
character
tinued
celebrated, however, as a styptic,
to hold
as
tory.
long as it obtained a place in the DispensaAvicenna
See
(ii,
Quincy. For the Arabians, see
2^
Baithar
(Cont. 1. ult. i,327) ; Ebn
(ii,229.)
317) ; Rhases

rallygiven to

find

it in

the

works

Gralen.

and
of

either

'

We

crates
Hippo-

Celsus.

or

Galiopsis(calledalso Gahobdolon),
smoother

fetid,and

and

applicationto
ulcers

acts

indurated

Our

Commentary.

nettle, but

the

discutient

emollient

and

It also agrees

tumours.

of

form

in the

as

is like

with

ing
spread-

cataplasm.

old

generallyheld

herbalists

the

gali-Comm.

(See Gerard
to be a species of Lamium.
opsis of Dioscorides
it be
that
whether
and
But
a
or
species of
Parkinson.)
be positively
determined.
figwort (theScrofularia"peregrind)cannot

Rutty

says

the

Lamium

maximum

of C.

Bauhin

has

gives to the galiopsis. It

used
was
only externally in applicationsto foul ulcers,and
secured
it a place in our
this character
Dispensatory until
of
Few
Dioscorides
94.)
See
times.
recent
particularly
(iv,
all the

the

marks

other

which

authorities

Dioscorides

have

noticed

it.

Fapoc,
Garum,

Brine

desiccative,and
to

of

is therefore

putrid ulcers,and
and

ischiatic

Commentary.
tinis

Pickled

Fish, is powerfully calefacient

used

is administered

as

application
tery
injectionin dysen-

external

an

as

and

an

diseases.
"

Garum

exquisitiliquorisgenus, intesabjiciendasunt sale maceratis."

Bibl. Gr.
Geopon.
iv, 333;

est

piscium cseterisque
quse
Rcndtorpi Notse ap. Fabricii
(Dcipnos. ii);
xxxi, 43) ; Athenaeus
XX, 46 ; Pliny (H. N.
Apicius (c. vii.) Coray defines it, the juice or brine of
"

III.

Comm.

SIMPLES.

82

fishes."

pickled

CoMM.

(Ad

[book

Xenocrat.

prepared

Sauce

Fragment.)

vii.

'

'

the

by macerating

'

Cselius

esteemed.
"

fishes

pickled
as

injection in

an

authorities

other

Aetius

See

on

of

those

and

and

by dogs^

the

All

character.

same

Serapion (c. 184.) It

also frequently
(ii,21), and

Celsus
Foes

CEconom.

of

sauce

(ii,34.)

it the

give

silurus.

the
the

sciatica

(ii,2, 486)

of

particularly

from

bitten

persons

of it

Hippocrates.

article in

this

dysenteiy
treat

that

was

recommends

to

Avicenna

'

tunny

praises

cataplasm

works

the

the

Dioscorides

that

(ii)
;

in

occurs

in

as

of

Aiu'elianus

ii, 1.)

Pass,

(Tard.

intestines

gives

dissertation

learned

Hippocrat.^
Tsi'TiaVTf,

Gentiana, Gentian

the root

cleansing, and

and

is

deobstruent

and

detergent

as

tilising
in sub-

efficacious
sufficiently

medicine.
CoMM.

Dioscorides

Commentary.
lutea

has

?)
in

heating

of

cases

and

pepper
affections
rium

rue

that

and

other

that

it

bitten

that

it procures

it is

bitter.

recommends

it

hepatic

when

herb, and

^iilnerarv

affections,
and

animals, with

venomous

in

abortion

its attenuant

owes

by

it is useful

that

the

gentian [Gentiana
medy
astringent faculty; that it is a re-

persons

cutaneous

intensely

and

that

states

in

applied

is used

(iii,
3.)

stomachic

and

for

manv

justly remarks
to its being
powers

deobstruent

(De Simpl. v.) Apuleius, like

an
as
application for the bites

Dioscorides,
of

it

Avicenna

times.

its

very

all its virtues

enumerating
namely,

gives

abstergent, attenuant,
and

powers,

application to

parts stung by

Baithar

authorities

gives
on

this

very

head,

pocratic collection.
it is stated
This
Greece.

that
would

the

In
G.
seem

by

the

it

Greek

is found

the

Greek

modern

imply

cases

in modern
of

it,

authorities,

in
that

the

an

2, 281.)
(ii_,
from

interesting
(i,260.) It

to

in

particularlyas

animals.

venomous

grows

Celsus

See

account

extracts

lutea

sei-pents.

deobstruent, diui*etic,and

recommends

emmenagogue

Ebn

circumstantial
stated

as

ulcers

Galen

a
place in the Theriac.
always obtained
Serapion says it is the best of all remedies
(v,23.)
of hydrophobia, and
this character
it has obtained

Hence

colly-

in

Ai'abian
the

Hip-

Phai'macopoeia
Alps

it is not

of
a

land.
Switzernative

of

Cimolian

is

discutient

with

tbe

washed

oxycrate.

The

Terra

is rubbed

upon

is

The

Cimolian, but is black.

powerfully desiccative, and

the

present, with

be

fever
similar

"

"

'

of
'

them

would

we

Theophrastus
Of

corides.'
the

fullest

Rhases,

Stones,' and

on

and

of

slippery clay,

of

iron, "c.
into

earth, made
guarantee
The
pure
kind
and

Samian

red

The

Lemnium

have

resembling:
the

the Lemnian
chalks

or

compact

kind

eai'th. Pliny

The

most

fat,viscid,

of

ruddle

is

silex,aluthe

was

with

nian
Lem-

seal, as

white

chalk.

have

to

been

pipeclay.

been
The

Chian, Selenusian,
less

or

of ochre
ranks

the

Lemnian

stamped

globose and thick.

also argils,
more
Pniffitidearths, are
a

"

Sigillum

was

was

give

information.

it is

purit}\ The Cretan

earth, as Sprengel states, appears
it to

Dios-

Galen

bole, consisting
and

on

on

in

them

The

its

called aster

ruddle

Annotations

additional

colour."

cakes

supposes

to

and

earth

Kidd

argil;

Sinopic

among

of

of

earth, that

Armenian

red

the
of

pale

'

account

Dunbar's

Arabians, also, especially

little

Lemnian

fuller

Sprengel's 'Notes

The

supply

the

Hiirs

Serapion, treat

but

ample manner,
Geoffrey says

for

Appendix

the

to

to

them.

of

account

to

of

explanation

brief

of

cerate.

writers, Dioscorides

ancient

the

Avicenna,

(jUiXroc)was
mine, oxyd

refer

to

Lexicon,'

Greek

and

English

beg

give

tic
sep-

flesh

fungous

with

ancients, and

of the

earths

medicinal

the

mixed

now

and

is discutient
the

if

or,

possessed of

is

Alanabolus

restrains

shall

wine,

diluted

thin

Ochre

when

ones

We

Commentary.

CoMM.

Bole, is

also

excellentlywith

agrees

The

water.

fills hollow

ulcers, and

with

it therefore

its powers;

in

called

Armenian.

the

to

powers

Armenian,

the

It is drunk

afl'ections.

the

but

sumption,
belly,spitting of blood, conlential
pestiulcers, and
humidity, humid

from

dyspnoea

when

resembling

powers

therefore

of

fluxes

dysentericcases,

pungency
has

Pnigitis

The

out
with-

detergent,

air and

without

it is desiccant

preferable.

cineritious is

out
with-

not

decidedly astringent,but

is

Eretrian

The

pungency.
and washed
burnt

breed

which

worms

earth

of

discutient, but

and

is full of

Cretan

the

destroy

to

burns

cures

kind

the

Ainpelitis(it is

vines

The

pungency.

cooling, and

more

vii.

being refrigerantand

powers,

powerfullydesiccant

is

them)

in

mixed

possessedof
but

which

'"

[book

SIMPLES.

84

the

clays (cretse.) Sprengel

or

pure.

The

marl, nearly
Cimolian

and

Kidd

earth
sup-

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

it

pose

steatitis

our

was

the

argil.

au

Melian

alum,

and

would

formed

Armenian

bole

described

to

as

It

Hill

Dr.

the

found

Geber

it

earth

been

red

That

toothache.

the

of

of

the

ancient

is
of

much

celebrated

and

It

Serapion.

is

clear, as

bole which

Arabians.

Dr.

absorbent.

The
coloui'.

magnesia.

of

Serpent,

is

decidedly

vinegar it, therefore, cures

vriih honey and
tritm-ated
when
of \-ision.

powers
and

Galen

Commentary,

the

with
asp,

the

in, sharpens

from

snow-white

The

appearance

the

by

argil, of

Slough

boiled

when

the

astringent and

impure

an

was

The

East.

first used

excellent

an

coal.

yellovjArmenian

the

was

being

Serpentis,

Senecta
desiccative

it

that

'

earth,

different

Galen.

practice by

into

'

"

cannel

was

Comm.

of

account

bituminous

It

ancients

Theophrastus.

Galen, Aetius,

See

plague.

the

of
principally

of

was

the

lime.

frequent mention

makes

rubbed

Melia

dry clay, having

very

for the

remarks,

Eretrian

Terra

from

triturable,like

veiy

used

Galen
Hill

introduced

was

consisted

remarks,

brought

now

be

remedy

have

have

to

seem

^Nlatthiolus

earth, as

stone, and

the

of

Dioscorides^s

stone-coal,probably resembling

from

Armenian

to

from

earth

From

it appears

different

was

Cimolian

purple

soap-rock.

or

earth,

Ampelites

The

Tlie

85

likewise

Serapion

recommend

Comm.
'

the

of

skin

boiled

when

it,only

he

the

recommends

ophthalmic remedy,
used
medicinally in

also

skin

cast

account

same

of the

viper

as

an

still

serpent's slough
(^Materia Medica,

Ainshe

See

East.

the

Abbas

Halv

is

The

(ii,19.)
the

See

'

^-inegar,as

or

gives nearly

(Pract.ii,49, 530.) Dioscorides

of

wine

in

toothache.

and

earache

for

remedv

snake,

ii,291.)
Ft/c tvTepa,

terreni. Earthworms,

Vermes
to

wounded

the

immediately

have

nerves,

and

pounded

when

most

applied

Avonderful

effects.
Dioscorides

Commentary.
and

applied, agglutinate
boiled

that, when
of
boiled

the

ears

in oil and

with

the

says

divided
grease

earthworms,

that

and

nerves,

of

goose,

pounded

stop tertians;

they

cure

injected; that, in like manner,

injected into the opposite ear, they

when

tions
affecwhen
relieve

Comm.

86

CoMM.
'

SIMPLES.

and

tootliache

pounded

and

they promote the flow of urine

wine,
(ii,72.) Galen commends

that

'
'

drunk

in

diuretic

being

as

when

further, that, according

without

burning

Aetius

drunk

in

wine,

(ii,2, 198.)
described

and

only

not

little

them

diuretic

of

earthworms,

this head

than

and

lithontriptic.

earthworms,

or

and

'

pounded

also

for their

Quincy^s Dispensatory' (p. 140),

Medica'
(ii,76.)

in

authorities,

when

but

terrestres,

commended

much

very

physicians,

ancient

them,

being

as

worms
earth-

applied externally

under

more

when

given by Dioscorides, Galen,

Lumbrici

The

certain

VII.

mentions

He

virtues

recommends

Avicenna

Paulus.

and

do

descriptions of

the

copy

of

report

medicinal

the

on

Arabians

The

(ii,168.)

or

fullest

is the

the

to

in must.

drunk

given internallyand
boiling. Of all the

been

have

earthworms

[book

medicinal
Lewis's

are

virtues
'

Materia

Tiyapra,
desiccative

Gigarta vinacea. Grape-stones, are

degree, but refrigerantin the first.
they
'
"

Being, therefore, cooling,

mentions

Galen

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

Grape-stones

astringent remedies, and, therefore, applicablein

from

the

vinegar

recommends

torsion

the

also

See

(ii,2, 723.)

in

of

contusion

for

oil

Avicenna

bowels.

with

stones

second

all defluxions.

with

agree

in the

of

limbs

Ehases

the

the

nerves,

and

as

all defluxions

ashes
and

of grape-

along

of
softening^

(1.ult. Cont.

and

sour

the

with

joints,

i, 745.)

Tiyy'iSiov,
Gingidium, Toothpick Fennel,
heat,

but

is desiccative

in the

is

manifest
possessed of no
degree, and astringent. It

third

is,therefore, stomachic.
Dioscoiidcs

CoiMMENTARY.

CoMM.
"

of the

says

Daucus

gingidium,

'
*

good potherb, and

that

it is

in

decoction

Galen

defines

with

its virtues

slightlyheating
Few

if any

wine,

powers.

of the

that

as

it is diuretic
be

to

The

Arabians

medicine,

and

treat

noticed

when

taken

lithontriptic
(ii,166.)

considerable
others

have

astringency with
of

it in like

terms.

it.

VXavKiov,
Glaucium,

Horned

Poppy,

is rather

disagreeablyastringent.

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

but

is not

used

species

in

the

of

Our

Dioscorides

It

of

the

far

the

we

as

in the

Glaux,

also

it

in those

Milhvort

the

have

used

it in

described

in modern

of

It appears

Rhascs

does

not

and

Comm.
'

'
*

he

"

follows

only in
erysipelas. See
it,not

and

(Cont. 1. ult. i,464.)

in the

occur

It has

been

herb

is

hot

humid

in

the

and

formation

works

o^

scarcely

gives

which

it has

the

same

it.

We

light

concluded

are

not

our

Comm.

circumstantial

very

been

as

ment,
tempera-

of milk.

species of Astragalus, (iv,139.)

mention
them

recommend

Dioscorides

descriptionof it,from
was

treated

practiceof medicine.

modern

Commentary.

Glaux

the

Galen,

of Celsus.

and, therefore, promotes

"

have

ancients.

in boils

(ii,2, 470)
discover,

can

the

from

Arabians

but

Hippocratists,nor

known

the

expressed juice which

was
principallyin applicationsto

borrows

eyes,

particularlyAvicenna
As

erysipelaswhen

its

used

The

we

by

was

was

author

Book

used

it

(iii,
90.)

affections

Fifth

poppy

that

practice.

eyes.

the

In

Dioscorides

from

cures

severe.

Commentary.
different

it

that

decidedlyrefrigerant,so

attack

87

that

the

All

the

rities
autho-

author,

but

few

of its

aware

having

of

been

practice.

rXrj'^wi',
Pulegium, Pennyroyal,
strongly calefacient and attenuant.
It also
Hence, when
applied externally,it proves rubefacient.
lodged
promotes the expectorationof thick and viscid humours
is

in the

chest

and

lungs.

Commentary.

Dioscorides

the

commends

Mentha

Pulegium

Comm.
'

as

same

an

and

emmenagogue,
character

has

for

descended

forwarding
to

it down

deliver}'
; and

the

times.

See

to

recent

Gerard,

Even
Culpeper, Quincy, and Hill.
day it holds a place in our Dispensatories,but

reputation

treated

2,

461) ;

stat

magni

nominis

umbra

of it

along with the dittany.

Serapion (De Simpl. 310.)

the

at

with

The

present

diminished

Arabians

See

Avicenna

rally
gene-

(ii,

rXoiof,',
Sordes,

that

of

baths,

is

moderately heating, emollient, and

'

SIMPLES.

88

discutieiit.

CoMM.

Matthiolus

and

balneorum

was

of persons

who

were

this purpose,

with

either

generally used
is also
have

in

been

the

gymnasia.

and
Sordes

is treated

of likewise

that

mankind

should

old

the

by

have

Sordes

crude

same

it

easy

It also

only

in

quenches

the

trachea

but

also

It would

the

sacchai'ine

Bauhin, contains

more

considerable

(hoarseness)in

the form

ulcerations

the

the

agree

in

ancient

professional,down
221.)

The

of

bladder

find

singular

for such

more

an

able
agree-

humid

ment,
tempera-

it smooths
scabious

rities,
aspe-

bladder.

matter

than

as

late

glycyrrhizaoccurs

the

G.

it may

asperitiesof

Gly-

of the

from

so

Dioscorides
thirst

and

in this country,

date.
in the

See

be

the

of the

kidneys, and

popular opinion

the

latter,according to

linctus,for ardour
and

rather

in which

cases

liquoricequenches
to

been

empiricalstyle,enumerates

such

authorities,

statingthat

is still the

p.

glabra. The

the

judgment
advantage;

with

All

G.

Dioscorides, in his usual

of

in

to have

appear

C.

with

(v,15)

thirst.

cyrrhiza gJanduUfera than

ancients.

The

manner.

fancy

to

was

neorum,
bal-

it.

Commentary.

CoMM.

Sordes

It appears
a

(phytra
pales-

list of emollients

retained

of the

Sordes

similar

it must

boils

the

as

GlycjTrhiza, Liquorice,is of a tepid and

having also some
astringency. Hence
not

and
walls

The

sores.

was

gynmasiorum

it for

in

up

beans, which

of

Arabians.

long

so

sweat, mixed

and

the

used

was

I, 68.) Of

statues

the

for

of the bath

by Dioscorides,

of
from

application,considering how
for

animal

The

in Celsus's

and

substitute

but

pretty much

occurs

bodies

process.

surfaces,and

gymnasio

ex

the

(See Book

recommends

accordingly it

scraped from

flower

collected

been

Sordes

the

or

of

the

apartment

an

nothing

the

Dioscorides

have

sweat

treated

mata), desquamated
must

of

manner

sweat

mata.
condylo-

say, that

it to

Laconicum.

natron

during

like

the

in the

consist

it would

Suffice

shampooed, in

namely,

and

fissures

vii.

Dioscorides, witli the commentaries

See

SprengeL
nothing but

perhaps

"with

It, therefore, agrees

Commentary.

course

[book

trachea

stomach,

forth

(iii,
9.)

downwards
this
and

we
was

Rutty (Mat.

works

of

ministered
ad-

lieve
bethe
Med.

Hippocrates,

III.]

SECT.

Celsus,

and

racters,

we

SIMPLES.

"

As

they

space

with

Arabians.

the
need

not

occupy

89

all

give it
Ebn

used

speciesnow

cha-

same

them.

Baithar

the

G.

Comm,
'

from

extracts

particularlySerapion (De Simpl. 147) ;

Pharmacopoeia
According to the Greek

the

See

"

(ii,66.)
is

glabra

the

in Greece.

TXvKvaic)],
Pentorobon

Glycyside,Pceony, (calledalso
bitter

somewhat

acrid,

is

root

and

with

almond,

an

wine

defluxions.

alvine

epilepsyof

both

be

to

the

as

an

Cm-at.
in

(London

1769),

says

highly

now

in

for

the

of

the

virtues

the

The

Poeouia,

is
officinalis

(De

Yiribus

(De

Dispensatory'

English

"the

peony,

good

hang about
difficult breeding

which

educated

many

and

galvanic rings
ground for laughing
amulets

to

and

at

still retained

of

the

persons

the

other

Ebn

Baithar

in the

Greek

their

garters, the

particularlyDioscorides

(De Simpl. v) ; Serapion (c. 61)

PcBonia

epilepsy

Laurentius

of

see

brated
cele-

of it to

and

faith

the

for

cure

Comm,

We

much

Macer

of

made

present generation has little

of our
forefathers,with respect
On

and

root

convulsions

been

as

Complete

'

Cor'allina.

Andreas

See

necklaces

Considering

repose

Galen

the

cures

species described

it has

times

40, 63),

his

esteem

necks

teeth."

size of

it restrains

periapt,it

two

that

modern

pp.

Quincy,

the

Book

amulet.

Herb.)

children's

discharge,
the

to

austere

and
officinalis

Pteonia

and

in ancient

Strumar.

women

be

as

makes

Third

in the

appended

Mir.

drunk,

wine

appended

Sprengel

mentioned

when

also

children.

Dioscorides

have

menstrual

liver when
if the

but

When

Commentary.

by

and

the

its

Pseonia) ;

desiccative, having

and

it excites

astringency. Hence
cleanses
the kidneys

some

and

lity
credu-

teries.
phylac-

147)
(iii,

(ii,240.)
copoeia
Pharma-

(p. 121.)

rvo^aXioi',
Gnaphalium, Cudweed,
have

been
white

arc

with

used
and

austere

and

botanical
the

place

of

combed

wool

moderately
wine
for dysentery.
There
authorities

cognate

genera.

has
of
It

been

late, with
seems

now

its soft

leaves

(gnaphalum.)

They

because

called

so

astringent,and

Commentary.

by

in

is

are,

therefore, di'imk

great shiftingof

regard

to

agreed

names

the

Gnaphalia

that

the

medi-

Comm.
'

SIMPLES.

90

CoMM,
'
*

cotton--weed

cinal

of

maritimus, Link.
Galen, who
and

Our

both

E-apum, Turnip
formation

to

the

root

borrows

The

be

seed
to

rouse

vii.

Otanthus

Dioscorides

character

and

of this
See

period.

recent

very

called

from

same

and

and

of semen,

Commentary.

CoMM.

author

down

shall

ancients

give exactly the

this it retained

the

the

[book

plant,

Quincy.

flatulent,promote

are

venery.
of

predominance

deter-

authority has

'

mined
as

the

All

after

us,

authorities,in

it to

be

thus

for
:

Est

sanat.^^

et

(H.

9.)

xx,

Arabians

(Mat.

varieties

account

of the

134th

to

Brassica

oleracea.

The

gardening

Beckmann

Simpl. 191.)

See

is

of

very

the

curious

have

ferred
re-

Dierbach
different
but

cult
diffi-

Loudon

674.)

of

some

expectoration.
Most
probably
or

root

some

Seseli),is hot, diuretic,and

it,when

honey, promotes
author

Avicenna

(Hist, of Invent.), and

The

our

should

introduction

emmenagogue.

Either

potherbs.

as

Dioscorides, renders

authorities

(calledalso by

Commentary.

of

(De

give
author

our

matter

late

our

the

latter into

of Garden.

chapter

nip,
tur-

impositum

Oribasius

only

7'apa.

the

(Cont. 1. ult.557.)Altogether it appears

of

some

See

under

Serapion

of the

them

confused

and

popular remedy

and

from

give a

Hippocrat.)

Gordylium

CoMM.

Galen, Aetius,

or

applicationto
says

is still

rapum

of the

(Encyc.

turnip

middle

fervens

tiapiis and

gongylis

subject.

Peruioues

reign
sove-

by placing

likewise

Pliny

be

cataplasm,

excellent

an

treats

strange that
Med.

melted

gongylis, and

gongyle by Rapa rotunda.

the

be

to

turnip.

downwards,

it to

in the

out

of the

brassica, and

us

holds

fomentation,

it forms

roasted

Rhases, translating the

to

Dioscorides

scooped

is

for chilblains.

copies. Celsus
under

be

to

medica.

descriptionsof the

brief

in

(ii,134.)
vis

rapo

N.

Scotland

The

turnip is

chilblains,

ulcerated

in

chilblains

ashes, when

turnip in hot
"

from

this down

set

French

or

navew,

Dioscorides

rose-cerate, which

filled with

consideration, to

word,

aphrodisiacal.

remedy
prepared

of

Napo-brassica, the

Brassica

the

held

deal

good

in

taken

it

copyist of

is
his

linctus,with

species of

works

has

Seseli.

evidently

SIMPLES.

92

linctus

is rinsed

in

This

tree

the

was

torch-pine,

the

"

vinegar, is
washed
treat

from

this

Gerard

remedy

of

from

small

the

tedce

Dioscorides,

other
of

cular
parti-

English
boiled

in

teeth

be

if the

The
head

in

and

pieces

the

for

the

by

toothache,

under

torch

See

it

calls

(p.1361.)

general terms,

it in

into

small

which

out.

small

the

against

decoction."

the

with

into

cut

little

IMatthiolus, Harduin,

torch-pine, and, evidently copying

of

adds,

it is used

clearlymade

have

(p. 1537.)

Parkinson
name

Cembro

Pinus

herbalists

old

our

pine-tree.

VII.

breast.

properly signifiesa

term

The

from

the

discharges from

if
made

When

phlegm.

away

but

vinegar ;

here

taken

and

the

performing lustrations,but

sliptaken
were

the

they promote

Commentary.
used

with

added, they bring

is

honey
CoMM.

mouth

the

when

[book

authorities

Pinus.

AfijuatT/c"jra,
will be

Damascenes,

Damascena,

treated

of

with

Plums.

Aa/uacratoj'ioi',
Damasonium,
and

and
lithontriptic,

proves

There

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

canal

intestinal

of the

certain

-plantain, has

Water

occasions

of

be

doubt

no

called

now

Alisma

Plant
and

Cordus,
in

root

opium
with

in

adds,

softens

that

never

Dioscorides
The

powers.
copy

from

but

that

Greek

other

both.

he

See

had

tents
con-

the

found

it

authorities

Avicenna

plant

water

kinson,
Par-

recommends

its

red

by

drunk

frog, and

itself and

by

hysterical complaints.

belly,is
it in

Alisma

Gerarde,

see

the

and

emmenagogue,
Galen

applied, (iii,159.)
of

it is the

elegant

point

when
and

the

experience

any

the

hare,

sea

dysentery
binds

herb

the

swellings when

had

the

convulsions

in

that

Dioscorides

Sprengel.
and

and

this

On

ago.

poisoning by

tormina

carrot

He

he

of

cases

probably

therefore

and

Dioscorides,

powers,

the

the urine.

to

can

of

metastasis

'
"

detergent

states

mentioned

cases

that

by

possessed of lithontriptic

follow

The

him.

(ii,2, 244, 249)

; Ebn

Arabians
Baithar

(ii,513.)
AaiJjcoc,
Daucus,
varieties.

Carrot

The

root

(called also
of

the

Staphylinus),

cultivated

carrot

consists

of

is flatulent

two

and

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

seed

aphrodisiacal; the
the

to

the

wild

leaves

and

parsley;

country by the

The

Parkinson, Avhose

of

It is

called

now

daucus,

probably

the

mic, and

of

the

proper

of

be

called

in
tained
ob-

ties.
authori-

Athamanta

indefatigableherbalist,old

our

the

"

all sorts
is

of

plants
acknowledged to

country only make

and

The

cervaria.

Athamanta

as

all

the

the

third,

cates,
authorityclearlyindi-

same

seseli.

also

as

ancient

It, however, is

not

It is likewise

against the

bites

(ii,2, 214, 287) ; Ebn

Hippocrates (De Ratione

is

of

creatures."

venomous

Baithar

Avicenna

authorities, Greek,

aperient and good in

to hasten
delivery,and bring
accounted
a
good alexiphar-

seed

"The

kidneys

after-birth.

of

those

to

Vict,

in

See

Celsus

(ii,
462)

Acut.) ;

also

(v,

under

Staphylinus.

Laurus, The Bay-tree

calefacient,but

being bitter and

hepatic affections
with

its fruit
sub

its leaves
still

powerfully desiccant

are

more

The

so.

drunk

to

bark

amount

of three

s-broom

?), called

the

and

of its root,

and
lithontriptic

-astringent,proves

when

cures

oboli

fragrant wine.
Aaf^i'rj
TToa,
Laurus

herba

Alexandrina,

is

(Ruscus

hot, acrid, and

promotes the menstrual

'

following descriptionof their

Quincy may be said to embody the

Arabian.

and

those

Comm.

The

of

opinions

concurrent

to

botanical

our

it should

species of

by
by

compared

third

the

from

climate

certainlydetermined.
medicinal
virtues by our

disorders

that

the

ver}'

Roman,

of

described

second

practicalacquaintance with

coriander-leaved

ner
man-

long known
specieswhich was
Candy carrots, and which has

second/^ says

like the first that

difi'erence.^^

23)

in like

so

are

of the

opinion to high consideration,

entitles his

was

leaves

settled

now

"

Cretensis.

away

of flatulent

Daucus

first

the

of late years

names

seems

the

name

of

the leaves

first is the

The

various

or

and

speciesof

three

fennel

of the

coriander.

It

the

Of

those

him

so

devoid

wholly

emmenagogue

76), the
(iii,

Dioscorides

be

is

stem.

Commentary.

this

wild

of the
and

diuretic

properties^is

93

and

Butcher'

somewhat

also

bitter; it therefore

The
urinary discliarges.

daphnoides

'
"

SIMPLES.

94

and

the

the

chamsedapline

possessed of

are

tlie

same

powers

vn.

but

latter is edible.
Commentary.

CoMM.

[book

describes

at considerable
{Laurus nobilis)

tree

heating
makes
the

Dioscorides

and

hence

leaves, he adds,

green
when

berries

he

says,

of

the

the

decoction

womb

of

stings

hence

prove

bees.

and

wasps

of it

bladder

and

sub-astringent, and

are

the

applied to

of the bay-

virtues

length, representingit to be

good hip-bath in diseases

useful

emollient, and

the

He

commends
re-

phthisisand other complaints of the

as
chest, as alexipharmic,and
forming a good application to
The bark,
leprosy,and as an injectionin earache and deafness.
the

he

useful

in

diuretic

kills
lithontriptic,

is

says,

and

foetus

The

Medica, although
The

concurrent

herbalists

has

settled

that

the

also

The

daphnoides
plants

of these
all

are

in

nearly

generally held

Pellis,Ski7i

that

when

applied to

them

wonderfully.

and

triturated

That

of

the

leather

cures

racemosus.

laurel

the

old

still warm,

scourged with

rods, cures

and

when

has

friction,if

not

in

ashes

degree.
;

hence

inflamed

an

of

cases

wonderful

desiccative

burnt

tubercles.

applied in

of the hair in

burnt

havc

Wc

off and

applied,disperseshard

growth

They

diuretic.

hippopotamus,

triturated

shoes

and

of

treat

author.

our

taken

been

of the

and

water

CoMMExNTARY.

CoMM.
'

skin

burns, intertrigo,and

also

the

dapline
chamse-

The

mountain

as

emmenagogue

have

in the feet from

sores

and

who

The

terms

same

sheep newly

viper, when

alopecia,promotes
The

of

the
be

to

those

with

of

the

was

Daphne Alpina. All the other authorities

i.e. the

Parkinson,

be

and

commentators

hypophyllum.
to

Pereira

Alexandrina

Laurus

generally held

place in

See

species of Ruscus, perhaps

is

used.

the

it

Dioscorides.

still holds

authority of

proves

briefly calls

follow

seldom

species of Ruscus, probably the R.

was

Galen

Laurus

now

and

utero,

Arabians

The

(ii,2, 444i.)

(p. 800.)

in

(i,106.)

emmenagogue.

Materia

the

the

diseases,

hepatic

Avicenna

See

in

it

state

protuberances.
mentioned, in the

Fourth

Book,

'

that

'

the

fresh

skin

of

newly-killed sheep

had
application to parts which
by scourges. (See Vol. II, 46.) Dioscorides
excellent

authorities

recommend

the

ashes

of

old

been
and

esteemed

was

bruised

most

shoes

of the
in

the

an

or

cut

other
cases

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

mentioned
skin

of

by
goat

as

Avicenna

authors.

our

9.5

recommends

the

applicationto poisoned wounds,

an

fresh

Comm.

(ii,2, 539.)

'

'
*

AlKTlllill'OV,
Dictamnum,

pennyroyal,
called

Dittany,

consists

resembles

it in

but

Pseudo

dictamnum

Commentary.
in

even

the

late years
of

name

is the

adds,
kills
a

wound

inflicted
animal

said

to

brief

be

by

Arabians

and

emmenagogue.

bastard

the

Dictamnus

has

has

fallen

into

ago,

however,

been

was

in

tonic

stimulant.

and

Dionvsias,

Diphrygcs,

Ainslie

is treated

Husk

he

poured

bite

of

would
powers

than

Celsus

represent it

to

(ii,2, 461)

and

with

the

into

it wdth

attenuant

also

it

mous
veno-

Galen

dismisses

more

he

touch

great medicinal

along

authors

used

in

repute

by

of Brass,

as

(v, 25.)

be

diuretic

Serapion

"c.

Med.

and

as

Pereira

regarding it,

but
very

of late years
years

many

nagogue,
being 'diuretic,emme-

See

the Arabians

(Mat.

of under

Not

the

pennyroyal.

Miller,
remarks

medicine,

disuse."

alexipharmic,anthelmintic,
It is still esteemed

the

alexi-

Such,
and

(iii,34.)

Parkinson,

great

(i,434.)

smell

be

to

it when

See

it

under

pretty generally recognized

See

total

almost
it

it is

describe

much

formerly

was

the

plant, for

last of these

sec.) The

by

the

to

Avicenna

Fraxinella.

Dioscorides.

it.

cures

Dioscorides, and

They

by

or

was

acknowledged.
held

always

^omm.

celebrated

so

Dispensatories

our

instrument

this

See

and

juice of

it otherwise.

to

dittany

1652, ed.
(ii,
it

the

eff'ect that

follow

(De Simpl. 310.)

The

in

like

variety

vulnerary herb,

was

that

scepticalas

the

but

The

that

herb

iron

an

been

to

pennyroyal,

"

this

inherent

notice

in

It

Candy.

as

known

long

place

immediately

have

to

appear

been

reptiles;and

venomous

That

Creticus,

it is commended

of

power

particlesthan

respects.

xii,412)

has

of

such

as

other

Dictamnus

^n.

it held

dittany

and

pharmic,

the

That

poetry (Virg.

of

subtile

more

is weaker.

species of Origanum,

Until

of

Alston^s
and

Lectures

Persians

as

63.)

Androsseraum.

is

possessedof

mixed

powers.

SIMPLES.

96

somewhat

being

Commentary.

CoMM.
'
*

Dioscorides

scriptionof

been

has

years

three

and

Bronze,

varieties

Sprengel

Eiutty ranks it among

(Mat. Med.
pr. 27.)
See
Serapion (c. 418.)

degree, and

'

"

"

fissures
these

also it

quartans, for which

of

speaks
it

as

charm

the

For

the

Baithar.

is desiccant

noticed

in the

long

as

See
its

reputation

Rutty (Mat.

use

as

for

in

Med.

amulet

an

of his

people

or

applicationto

an

celebrated

some

fidlonum,

in

Quincy

our

in

day

using

(Complete Dispensatory, 117.)

and

particularlySerapion (c.106)

see

is not

It

ancients.

(Cont. ult. 256.)

it held

mentions

against agues."

Arabians,

and

period.

superstitionof

Germany.

the

Dipsacus

Dioscorides

was

of

detergent.
the

anus,

fui'ther

it.

many

Husk

in

of

this thorn

of

late

of

somewhat

the

to

Dioscorides

''

of

praised by

down

cases

medicines

de-

for

calls it the

Kupfermulm

treats

root

fistulse of

and

168.)

obsolete

The

teasel, is

manured

the

is also

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

it is called

root

circumstantial

very

Matthiolus

Rhases

It is therefore

substance, "which

says

the

Dipsacus, Teasel;
second

of this

vii.

ulcers.

gives a

sight of.

lost

acrid.

moderately

good applicationfor malignant

"

astringent and

[book

by Hippocrates

Ebn

Celsus.

nor

Aopu/ci'toi',
Shrub

Dorycnium,
with

the

in

hirger doses

"

"

'

mandragora,
small

In

the

Pifth

culty of

determining

what

it

between

the
the
says

doses
it is

sought

gives nearly
nidium.
into

fatal ;

proves

the

plant,

after
the

The
INIat.

for

it is

he

occasions

torpor, and

Arabians

have

L.

account

would

in

love

afl"i'm

weed),
Bindcorides
Dios-

taken

that

in

the

not

of

the

name

to

have

large

seed

potions, (iv,75.)

of it under
appear

when

diffi-

divided

are

At7'opa Belladonna.

some

Med., for the Doronicon

the

(Angl. Shrubby

and
soporific,

adds,

stated

Authorities

smd

philtres,or

same

(c.335.)

temperament

is,immoderately cold.

we

was.

SodomcBum,

it that

of

Book

Dorycnium

Convolvulus

Solanum

that

quantity it

similar

fatal.

it proves

CoiMMENTARY.

CoMM.
'

and

poppy

taken

When

Trefoil {?),is of

of

Galen

Doryc-

admitted

Serapion is

of

it

difi'erent

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

97

^paKOVTlOV,
Dracontium,

Dracunculus, Dragon-herb, somewliat

or

the Wake-robiu

itjand
has

also

the

of

acrid

more

and

subtile

more

bles
resem-

bitter than

particles.

It

astringenc3\ The root of it^therefore,when

potion cleanses the bowels, and is an excellent application
malignant ulcers ; and the leaves in like manner.

to

But

consists

is

some

in

taken

(Arum),

also hotter, and

but

fruit of it is

Commentary.

stronger.
We

[Arum Dracunculus) as

treated

have

the

Dragon-herb

article of food in another

an

Dioscorides

I, p. 114.)

of

Comm.

place. (Vol.

circumstantial

a
gives so
descriptionof
its medicinal
find space for it. Suffice
propertiesthat we cannot
to say, he uses
it internallyin diseases of the chest, and as an
in various cutaneous
diseases,in collyria,
aphrodisiac,
externally,
in injections
into the ears, and
as
an
alexipharmic. (ii,195.)

Galen

embodies
of

the

substance

its virtues

gives an

sores

that

terms

can

form

of

to

room

bestow

its powers.

it.

relieve

the

and

more

Serapion

(De Simpl. 43.)

to

Oribasius, Mesne,

and

which

have

ascribes
account

than

we

it in the
flatulence.
Dioscorides.

Dioscorides, Galen, and

be mentioned

Avicenna,

merely

attenuant.

and

Oribasius.

It remains

also

recommends

largely from

i, 257.)

Aetius

attention

hemorrhoids

1. ult.

cation
appli-

His

borrows
(De Simpl. 24.) Avicenna
Khases
(ii,2, 432.)
copies from

(Cont.

an

asp. Mesne

powers.

He

mending
recom-

Oribasius

it is calefacient

upon

suppositorvto

system,

own

externally.

it for the bite of

Apuleius recommends
to it powerfullycathartic and carminative
of it is very elaborate, and
deserving of
afford

scription
empirical de-

and
internally,

tumours

descriptionof

general

his

deobstruent

cancerous

elaborate

in

states

and

Dioscorides^s

agreeably to

it principally
as
to

of

besides

the

does
that

the

same.

Dioscorides,

speciesof

culus
dracun-

been

treatingof, also describe another by

the name
of the Lesser.
It is supposed to be the Arum
Italicum.
The
to a
dragon-herb held a place in the Dispensatory down
Boerhaave
calls it a powerful diuretic
and
very late date.
pharmic.
alexiOuincy says it is reckoned
promoter of the menses.
we

ApUOTTTfpiC,
Dryopteris,Oak-fern,is sweet,
root

has

111.

some

sourness.

acrid, and

It is septic,and

bitterish,and

hence

it is

its

depilator3^
7

SIMPLES.

98

'

Dryopteris and

Polypod'mm

the

'

and

this

See

Parkinson
the

to

the

ceased

hold

to

Quercus,

Oak

the

and

and

incipient inflammations.

bark

tepid powers,

of the

acorn

being

much

more

other

diseases

oak

'

with

Q. Bex, and

the
is

roots

the

After
the

all the

old

and

illustration

herbalists,and

Theophrastus, it
in
diflSculty

described
the

by

medicinal

the

authorities

Med.

of

be

must

the

three

and

species of

the

has

that

from
The

is still considerable

there

speciesof

borrows

author

the

that

Quercus

from

Dioscorides

on

various

the

(1389.)

received

Dioscorides, whom
quercus

occurs

still maintains

Robur

oak
of

his account

all the

in the

Hippocrates, and in those of all the Ai-abians.

scarcelyadd

Eus-

(sschylus,or

Parkinson

commentators

Our

JEsculus,

speciesof oak.

Quercus

subject

determining

also follow.

fluor

Quercus

was

See

admitted

of the oak

fruit

Hippocratic writings.

the

recent

more

the

adds, that the first species

He

which

ancients.

powers

other

that

Q. Robur.

the

wounds

of

female

the

of

the

fleshypart

^"?yo(;of Homer
In fact, it was
the

it and

comprehend

rather

long

under

membrane

the

691.)

it has

possessed

are

Greece, the

in

grow

by Spugin
that

remarks

Iliad. V,

(Ad

the

states

Q. BaJlote.

generally meant

tathius

fruit

The

Dierbach

edible

it

herbahsts,

agglutinaterecent

to

as

so

'

'

older

oak-fern, but

astringent,is given for

attended
with discharges.

Commentary.

CoMM.

refers

Dioscorides^ and

Our

and

siu-rounds

which

authorities.

Dispensatory.

our

desiccant
cure

nigrum,

Sprengel

from

the

its leaves

okler

(" 52.)

of

treat

place in

the

(ii,2, 219.)

same,

Gerard,

and

Parkinson

of

borrows

author

Our

does

Avicenna

Alston

(1042) and

former.

that

supported by

is

opinion

Asplenium Adiantum

the

vii.

it compreliends both

Accoi'dingto DierbacL^

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

[book

Mat.
need

We
a

place in

Dispensatory.

our

Ebenus,

Ebeny

of

subtile

consists
films

which

the

wood

particles.

obstruct

the

calefacient,detergent, and

is
Hence

pupil,and

it is believed
is

an

to

remove

ingredient for

other

ophthalmic remedies.
Commentary.

CoMM.
"

The

Latin

the

region

poet

Virgil, who

appUes

the

'
'

term

India

both

to

of

the

East, which

has

always

100

SIMPLES.

[book

of astringency ; the
as
degree of coldness
perfectlyripe is moderately liot,but tlie unripe

fruit

same

cold.

and
the
is

of

tear

is

ammoniac,

slender

for the

But

some

from

pains

of

possessed

and

cutient

detergent
and

and

small

of the

large part
skin.

wild

olive is at
oil.

an

other
derive

the

such

its

particularis
time

same

oil has

Castor

kinds,

carious

rather
much

as

pungency.

and

dis-

more

particlesat

and

pure

Oil

and

of subtile

being

hole.

this.

from

hotter

vision,

transparent,

a
quantity of it being sufficient to anoint
body, and from its being readily drunk in by

in

Such

the

it consist

from

of

just

is freer

much

so

has

unripe

It

powers.

does

tliat

tringent
as-

resembling

moderately hot,

washed

especiallyif

is ascertained

This

from

it is

olive

the

wlien

more

dimness

into

put

the

The

older

is it, more

first.

But

nature.

old, the

to the

the

olives is sweet

it

coldness.

astringency as
As

is

when
wild

moistening

teeth
the

that

say

fullyripe

of

of the

olive

Ethiopian

used, therefore, for cicatrices,albugo,

and

as

The

is

VII.

that

as

Sabine.

the

That

from

detergent, astringent,and

the

same

peculiarpropertiesfrom

as

powers

of sesame,

of

or

old

radish

substance

the

the

drying,

oil.

and

they

The

the

like,

formed

are

from.
Commentary.

CoMM.

of food
olive

in another

likened

several

it,mentioned
to

have

remarks,

probably
Arabian,

mention

calls it

succis

"

as

the

olive

wild,

it as

but

in

also recommends

psora,

and

other

follow

out

what

"EXotoi'.
in the
et

are

an

been

the

Elceagnus.

The

and

our

our

elemi,

gum

Abu

have

suitable

juice

of

the

diseases,
wi'itten
of

by
the

for

Latin,

is

and

ful
power-

leaves
kind

of

the

of powers
from

hence,

their

ophthalmic remedies;

green

olive in

(i, 136.)
the

that

Samonicus

The
same

kinson
Par-

as

but

I'Fadli calls it

the

and

author,
Some,

degree, and

more

account

wild

Hierobot.)

inferior

an

Ethiopian or

authorities,Greek,

says

cutaneous

For

The

article

an

as

astringent medicine.

Celsii

the

has

it

acerbis.^''

Dioscorides

olive

unknown.

now

the

sour,

oleaster

greater mildness,they
he

are

All

astringent. (Apud
cultivated

the

Dioscorides

supposed

mistake.

of

species of

by

ammoniac,

gum

treated

have

place. (Vol.I, 135.)

comprehended
of

tears

We

others

oils used

"We
on

by

pityriasis,
need

this
the

practice of medicine, see in particular Dioscorides

Mesne
(De Simpl. vi), and
seq.),Galen
(De Oleis.

not

subject.
ancients

(i,29
The

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

Cicimim, i.

Oleum

that

it is

linseed

oil

states

that

by
purgative
often

may

recommends

the

oil

olives

of

the

on

for various

and

other

to

Mesne

is the
and

medicinal

described

by

We

give

shall

before

vessel

until

juice and

boil

oil of mandi'ake

the

by Myrepsus
down

527.)

oil

The

oil of

third

so

his

much

the

more

of

of

days

hair

grow,

be

prepared
boiling,and

earthen

thus

sesame

down

iron ladle until

out, which

they j'ieldthe

This

Mesne

in

of

pains
the

of

they

frogs, which

arc

also

well

of

by

described

says,

he
the

us

by

little

strongly from
eruptions,

cutaneous

in similar

(p.200),

be

fried

Aetius

an

stirring with

with

heat

and

popular

soothing the

of ardent

fevers, also

of this Book.

(i) and

is

Moses

for

others, which
xx

by

terms

the

composition

nnich

many

in section

by
in

the

describes

recommends

burning

to

hardened

eggs
to

directs

largelyif compressed

more

vipers, of wolves, and

properly treated

he

double

red, and their oil is poured

grow

is described

oil of eggs

arthritis,and

oil of

in

leadened,

Royal Pharmacopoeia
Scotland
to this day. Mesue

oil of

an

boiled

commends

Charras, in the
remedy

equal parts

time, and

been

has

that

or

ladle.

from

Add,

thirty yelks of
into pieces, are

about

His

flammation
extinguishing in-

curing malignant ulcers, he

and

broken

fryingpan

wooden

prescriptions.
for

experience for cleansing the skin, curing

making

know.

we

as

not

are

Quincy. (Complete Dispensatory,

which

eggs,

tion
composi-

For
lay it aside.
complicated receiptis given
held its place in
copoeia
Pharmaour

(xvi,50), which
to

of

authorities,

far

as

mouth,

merely copies

of them

juice be evaporated.

again, do

of the

Some

time,

few

cutaneous

account

recommends

and

other

ancient

procuring sleep,is prepared

juice of its berries

Serapion

of the

oils.
his

he

which

of the

the

of

specimen

of mandragora,
and

of the

Greeks

the
a

gives the fullest

powers

oil

gentlepurgative

ulcers

of all the

But

oil

The

ears.

He, however,

complaints.

who

one

and

aphthae and

cure

states

Almond

Hindoos.

scabies

remove

Dioscorides, (i,136.)

from

oil

head,

the

'
*

astringent applicationto

an

as

it.

Comm.
'

Dioscorides

oil,being

common

stop profuse perspiration,to

complaints

of

castor

Aetius

of

gingilieoil of the modern

it is the

complaints

says, resembles

of Sesame, he

authors.

instead

used

in

called

anthelminthic.

and
be

particularlycommends

he

ancient

the

mentioned

oil,is often

palma christi,now

oil of the

e.

101

Myrepsus

will Ijc
The

more

oils

(De Oleis.)

"

SIMPLES.

102

Oil.

Elseomeli, Honeyed
tlian

of
who

have

but

only

CoMM.

and

crude

trees

thicker
is

the

on

in

He

produces

charge
dis-

Those

alarmed,

be

not

the

to

bowels.

need

describes

gives

recommend

Rhases

it

adds,

He

pingue,

of

account

same

crassius

it

prepared from it.

an
application to

as

fat,

(H. N. xxv,
purgative,

nauseous

it is

taste, and

sweet

medicis."

it is

the
be

oil to

an

Syria.

hoc

exudation

natural

arboribus

ex

place that

Dioscorides

as

resin, of

dulci,et

sapore

in another

states

of

than

]\Ianat

'^

tenuius,

author, and

the

one

it

coasts

thinner

medicine

(xxiiij
56.)
and

describes

maritime

honey,

melle, resina

7.)

from

torpid; yet

Pliny

than

used

of water, it

matters

sweeter

drunk

; when

vii.

them.

rouse

Commentary.
from

hihous

it become

taken

trunk

hemina

and

oil thicker

Syria, an

certain

cyathiwith

of two

amount

from

flows

honey,

In

[book

as

our

Avicenna
ulcerated

should
singidarthat this natural substance
been
times, inasmuch
entirely lost sight of in modern
unless
we
adopt the conjecture of Alston, that it was
ourselves
admit
must
we
rant
ignoentii'ely
speciesof manna,

scabies.
have
that
some

It

appears

of it.

Elaterium

in

called,being

applied in
in

milk

of

term

564-.) By

Dioscorides

restricted

signifythe

to

cucumber.

wild

in the

in
he

upwards

attended

cases

directs

iris.

As

us

to

bitterness.

is
It

fcetus

When

When

nose.

so

motes
prowhen

rubbed

administered
of

phlegm,

and

all

fecula

downwards.

Hippocrates applied
Eustathius, Iliad, (xviii,

subsequent

of the

much

was

with

that

appear

piu'gatives.See

as

and

destroys

the

discharge downwards

would

we
dropsy,
states
cori'ectly

Dioscorides
both

It

of

cure

calefacients.

of

the

"^dld cucumber

blood.

all drastic

to

order

by

occasions

It

Commentary.

fruit of the

discharge,and
by its extreme

it evacuates

sometimes

the

the

second

pessary,

injection,it

an

and
CoMM.

the

menstrual

the

in with

juice of

; the

used
have

authorities, it

Momordica

by

the

stated

ancient
in

it evacuates

that

He

Elaterium,
the

purgative, he

it in

I'ecommends

oil,or

recommends

or

physicians

Third

Book.

bile and

of breathing.
difficulty

administer

is

vrith
it to

phlegm,
it particularly

As
the
be

an

emetic,

ointment

given

of
with

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

salt and

quantity of

the

double

103

mustard,

some

in the

form

of Comm.
"

pill,of

size of

the

it

give

Medica

that

oldest

is the

proves

fatal to

the

authorities

applied
Materia

the

on

Theophrastus

medicines, and

of all

'
*

that

states

when

foetus

characters.

same

durable

most

he

author,

our

other

the
the

nearly

it is the

states

Like

and

Galen

pessary.

tare.

and

it is emmenagogue,
in

that

the

if

that

best.
or

woman

(H.

aflFect her

it will

P.

by Hippocrates,
of

she-goat,giving suck, partake

(Epid. vi,5.) Galen
young.
other

that

remarks,

It is said

ix, 14.)

pm*gatives have

elaterium,

in

the

his

mentary
com-

effect

same

given similarly.(Op. t. v, 218, ed. Basil.) The Arabians

also show
a
good practicalacquaintance with this substance.
praisesit strongly in affections of
Thus, for example, Avicenna
of breathing, and more
with difficulty
the chest attended
cially
espewhen

in

of

cases

recommends

He

dropsy.

of diseases
clyster for the cure
speaks of a plaster of it for the
double
it with
be prepared from

of

of the

and
to

in

diuretic,and

it is

that

blood;

gout.
the

Mesne

with

elaterium

and

cucumber

He

form

sciatica,

directs

of
and

He

phlegm

and

kills the

child

of

wild

also writes

the

great precision,recommending

internallyas an emetic, a phlegmagogue, and

especiallyin dropsy. He also recommends
di'agogue,more
latter

the

jaundice, and

in

applied as

clysteror
of the
a

beneficial

it is most

that

cataplasm

for

sciatica

in

plaster.He

wild

of the

roots

of the liver and

engorgement

when

spleen

when

and

as

errhine
in

of

it.

the
in

complaint. (De Simpl. ix.) Serapion also,

wild
cucumber, gives interesting extracts, both
Arabian
and
authorities,respecting the medicinal
elaterium.
(De Simpl. 204.) Ebn Baithar gives a
account

it
states

in

of the

applied to
an

; and

hy-

administered

speaks highly

cucumber

hemicrania,

pill

quantity of salt.

emmenagogue,

suppository, (ii,2, 177.)

joints and

evacuations

it occasions

correctlythat

states

it also in the

efficacy
head,

the

in

same

treating of the
fi'om

Greek

powers
most

of

ample

(ii,276.)
EXarr?,

Abies,
the

black

the

Fir

poplar.

Commentary.
other

authorities

and

is calefacient

this tree

in

doubt

general

do

it is the
not

treat

the

of among

Its resin will be treated

Without

desiccativc,like

of

Pinus

resins.

Abies, li.

it,except

under

The

Comm.
'

'

the

'

It

resinse.

CoMM.

[book

SIMPLES.

104

does

otherwise

not

Dioscorides^ Galen,

in

occur

vii.

'

Avicenna.

SerapioBj or

Elatine,

Toadflax

the

tliis herb

moderately refrigerantand
CoMM.

Helxine,

is

and

astringent.
the

That

Commentary.

is like the

Fluellin

Speedwell

Female

or

'

{Linaria Elatine) is
known

Gerard, Eutty,

flour for inflammations

and

Pliny, evidently translating Dioscorides,

elatine,

'^

eadem

It would

been

held

omitted

cervi

in the second

Our

agreed

well

tinaca

sativa.)

it

Salvia, Sage,

is

Commentary.

times.

The
calls the

maintained

sage

Medica

Dioscorides

it

The

153.)
esteem.

In

of

it

modern
See

follow

Quincy.

Pharmacopoeia (p. 142.)

It

See

drying

commentators

be

are

alexipharmic,

authorities

Pastinaca
to

powers

garden parsnip [Pas-

other

the

treat

very

aphrodisiacal,and
modern

times.

See

and

earliest

ages

down

diuretic,emmenagogue,
other

it

period.

particles.

it to

in

Greek
its

Dioscorides.

times

satory
Dispen-

our

subastringent.
has held a place
[Salviaofficinalis)

vTilnerary.
author, speak more
moderately
treat

and

and

the

down

from

calls

and

who

of subtile

decidedly calefacient
The

Materia

heating

be

it had

Hill.

and

herbalists
it to

late

the

dysen-

that

place in

to

pronounces

same.

Avicenna

reputation
Quincy.

the

older

holding

the

this

in

in

of

consists

Dioscorides

does

Aetius

brieflyof it.

CoMM.

and

degree,

pretty
and

^~^

[Pai'snip?), is

Commentary.
'

down

Gerard, Quincy, Rutty,

Pabulum

CoMM.

character

its ancient

tery.
dysenof

usu

appear

for

says

sorbitionis

cocta

(H. N. xxvii,50.)
It
by the Arabians.

Parkinson,

"

semine

teria liberat.^''

with

'

line

cum

with

leaves

the
eyes, and

of the

long

Parkinson,

See

recommends

running

been

has

admitted.

Dioscorides

"c.

ancients

of the

generally

almost

and

elatine

the

was

praise.

one

is retained

our

mic,
alexiphar-

authorities,Hke

See
at

to

The

our

Arabians

Serapion (De Simpl.

period
in

the

held
modern

in much
Greek

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

105

RXeinov,

(?); it is calefacient and

mixed
humidity. When

Inula, Elecampane
recrementitious

some

expectoration^and

jjromotes

parts it is appKed

acts

as

with

linctuses

rubefacient

with
it
the

to

to.

All the

Commentary.

it

desiccative

give the elecampane

authorities

other

Comm.
'

Dioscorides

the

says

emmenagogue

the

much

[Inula Helenium)

in

that

is

root

characters

same

calefacient,and

linctus, with

author.

our

as

diuretic

proves

and

it is useful

honey,

in

minative
coughs, orthopncea, and the like ; and, further, that it is carin a cataleaves he recommends
plasm
and alexipharmic.The
in powder for haemopwith wine
for ischiatic disease,and
tysis,
character
of
it
mainly agrees with
(i,27, 28.) Galenas

that

of

Dioscorides,

that

say, he

is to

recommends

elecampane,

in
complaints,and externallyas a rubefacient
tion.
sciatica,hemicrania, and a dispositionof the jointsto dislocaThe
Arabians
give it all the characters ascribed to it by

in
internally,

the

chest

being diuretic,emmenagogue,

of

Greeks, namely,

carminative, alexipharmic,
fiu'ther,hold

and,

of

2, 235), and
(ii,

Avicenna

gives

the

us

clears

the

by

it

is

externally;
cordial.

and

Hunain's

from

'

:
Hippocratis)

Translation
"

it.''

have

mentioned,

Mul.

572, ed. Foes.)

(De Simpl. 138.)

and
In

of

It

was

the

the

veins

especiallya wine made

fact, as we
ought perhaps to

more

is

helenium

the

of

Elecampane

sorrow,

urine,

from

See

(Cont. 1. ult. i,237.) Serapion

strengthens the mouth

in
chest, expels the superfluities

the

menses

that

verbo

ex

and

anger

away

stomach,

Rhases

following extract

Hippocrates' (Hunain
drives

themselves

rant,
expecto-

rubefacient

and

Hippocratic herb.

known

also well

to

(Nat.

Celsus

(v, 11

satory
place in our DispenGreek
and
modern
also in the
Pharmacopoeia (p. 7Q".)
the Egyptian
The
other
as
by Dioscorides
species described
pharmic,
solelyas being alexielecampane, and Avhich he recommends
et

alibi.) The

is

Parkinson,
make
rose

out

held

by

however,
strong

(p. 655.)

opinion of
(p. 67.)
modern

elecampane

Old

those
The

Greek

its

still retains

Sprengel to be the Teuci'ium Marum.

to
supported by high authority, seems

case

for

Gerard,

the
on

the
who

commentators

Teucrium

Cistus

Marum

Pharmacopoeia.

Helkmthenium,

other

hand,

referred

it to

also

holds

or

adopts
the

rock
the

Marum.

place

in

the

'
*

SIMPLES.

106

[book

VII.

lliXsoaeXivov,
in wet
places,
palustre,Mcn'sh Parsley ; being formed
the
cultivated
the
as
same
properties
parsley,and is

Apium
it has

larger than

smallage [Apium graveolens)is briefly

authorities.
We
need
other
of by the
scarcely say
in our
is still retained
Dispensatory. See Quincy.
The

Commentary.

CoMM.
"

it.

'

treated

"

that

it

in

applied
and
mixed

it,being of

similar

with

'

hoofs
would

in

of

cases

retained

with

drying

and

in the

in

the

paronychia.

as

powers

pastic,hence

bones

the

are

Most

the

argenti,

for

molybdsena,
it is

with

mixed

of

of

elephanVs

the
other

authorities

it.

Ivory shavings were

See Quincy.
years.

late

apyupoK,

of Silver, has

Dross

the

recommends

manner

from

tou
"A/cuff/uara

the

of

those

shavings

until

Dispensatory

Recrementum

hoof, when

its

detergent nature,

like

treated

have

to

not

appear

and

whitlow

Dioscorides

prepared

cataplasm

'

from

parings

medicines.

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

the

cataplasm, cure

of

teeth

Elephant

the

Elephas,

it

the

is

the

astringent

plasters

called

same

and

epis-

Fusca

and

Epulotic.
'
"

What

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

from

understood

extracting silver
hard, and

argenti

will be

are

the

following description of

from

of

the

also

ores

it

with

mixed

vitriolic

considerable

part of the

silver,or

Geoffroy, "c.

the

These

"

are

in

place,and

possessed of

carry

burn

(p. 272,

desiccative

says

of the

powers.

borrows
treating of this article,

(ii,2, 693.)
to

merely

the

effect

(c. 415.)

of

process

ores

it to

off with
scoria

are

tremely
ex-

Engl, ed.)

Scoria

Of

the

Serapion quotes an Arabian

that the scoria argenti is of

Rhases, after quoting from

with

author
Greek
Aetius
in the

argenti that

they

Arabians, Avicenna,

word

every

them

along
Our

verbatim
from
Dioscorides, and the other
copies almost
authorities
supply nothing additional under this head.
shall see
in general terms, as we
of the scoria
treats
proper

readily

bituminovis, sulphureous,

substances, which

arsenical, or
themselves."

ScoricB

the

from

the

Greeks,

authority,Adamasti,
use

in cardiac

disease

Galen, Dioscorides, and

SIMPLES.

108

confidence

CoMM.

in the

administered

of

says

it,

''

vixero, in

in

ellebori

alb. dr.

to

Baglivicalls
domitor

hellebore

incurabilium

hellebore,says
manner

as

former

be

to

phlegm

violent

medicine

great

is

with

and

black

of
of

the

as

the

the

also in

modern

That

it

the

it

as

medicine

He

in

be

may

of

said

and

have

to

that,

HeUehorus
the

cure

of

the

foetus ;

in

niger,

the

or

album

toothache,

it
and

diseases

quite
in

this

Dioscorides.
be

to

kept

of

recommends

the

melancholy.

species

ori-

which

was

mania

and

it

He

procures
it for the

leprosy; he also speaks

application to fistulse,
dropsies,

external

an

as

been

(iv,149.)

vaginam,

per

he

of

the

and

scabies,alphos, hchen,

favorably of

more

gout,

many

hellebore

Veratrum

that, applied

kills

and

menstruation,

partial

only

not

Serapion, and

black

not

it,that it

the

of

cases

of

Mesne,

the

it

of

exception

administered
in Anticyra, in cases
commonly
melancholy, is clearly proved from Dioscorides
states

of

says

would

(De Simplici Medicina.) For

medicinale

the

bodies, in

men^s

such

like

in

purge,

Hippocrates and
Pharmacopoeia it is directed

entcdis, Tournefort, and

further

plui'iumque

white, he adds, is

the

land

recommend
either

The

medicine,

of

Greek

was

used

black.

eau

circumstances.

to

Platearius, treating of

now

bile.

per

preparation,

remediorum,

great caution.

poison, (p. 7Q.)

authorities

this

used, for that

veratrum

practice

country, but

Of

Hercules

past, with

years

use

in

the

in maceratione,

\], stent

oz.

now

the

than

many

internal

In

proferam quje medici adformula

for preparing it :

his

stronger than

given

administration

lost

Ego,

ancients

the

scammony

purges

ssepissime expertus scribo.

morborum."

that

times, were

require
.

the

"

He
acuit

given according

were

himself, and

facit, et

following is

scr.

vii.

success.

hilariorem

et

multa

cretici

took

great

additis,si placet, aromatibus.

mensem,

from

aliis

historia

ij,vini

he

patients with

roborat^
et

me

The

Hell.

his

et

recreat

mirentur."

hellebore, which

freelyto

ingenium^ quod
si

white

[book

of

the

Galen

ears.

recommends

class of complaints.
species equally in nearly the same
tains
mainNotwithstanding the high authority of Pereira, who

both

the
that

the

niger,
and

or

contrary,
black

hellebore

Christmas

Parkinson

do

we

rose.

(p. 211.)

not

of

see

the

the

ancients

See

Gerard

Without

least

doubt

was

to

reason
our

Helleborus

(Paradisus,
it

was

doubt

p.

386)

introduced

'

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

H.

country by the
Salisb.,which
officinalis,

its

placBj is

into

tliis

distinct

Greek

also the

with

drunk

menstruation,

and

it is suitable

his

he
of

says

in

suppressions

makes

It
drunk

the

tansy

the

is

It

which

Dioscorides

Plant.

refers

H.,

to

the

ancient

Materia

determined.

to

"

bites

of

promotes

with

wine

and

It
a

has

been

in

Cordus
his

to

the

See

cudweed.
Medica

further,

the
It

edition

gravel, and

with

of

one

the

that

Parkinson

(p. 695)

racters
cha-

Paulus,

Tanacetum
the

virtues

ascribed

those
be

never

the

and

elechrysus are
can

of

annuiim.

of the

article with

which

and

It is recommended

cases

is

*'""'

greatly celebrated

admit, however,
to

Comm.
"

Accord-

946.)

Tdnacetum

diuretic.

and

Helichrysum

in

But
the

to

identifythis

ascribes

Gerard

appearance.

with

it,

Stcechos.

menses,

proper

old

for

also

ancient

(Gener.

inclines

of the

annuum.

used

dysuria,the

fractures.

Gnaphalium.

inclined

are

'

(called

plant

nephriticcomplaints." This agrees so well

of the elechrysus as
given by Dioscorides
we

'

in

catarrhs.

uterine, a vulnerary,and

an

for

coagula when

rather

as

that

Comm.
'

(42);

Flower

golden

dissolves

Linnseus

Dioscorides

other

The

forward

Lectures

is

of

and

relieves

with

Hill

niger.

Eternal

Amarantum),

ingly Sprengel, in his R. H

Sibthorp, to the Gnaphalium
Dr.

Alston^s

disease,

Commentary.
identical

See

Everlasting or

and

wine

reptiles,ischiatic
and

H.

Sibthorp brings

capillary leaves

garlands, having

honey,

Dr.

their

Pharmacopoeia, Athens, 1837, (p. 77.)

Clirysanthemon

When

for

Uomans

species.

Elichrysum, Shrubby
also

109

by

articles

in

satisfactorily
and

Lewis's

Dispensatory (i,411.)

EX^/i'rj,
Ilelxine,

or

Parietaria, Pellitory of

Perdicium, Parthcnium,
detergent
The

and

Sideritis,and

slightly astringent,

Ilelxine, called

also

Wall

the

Hcraclea)
with

Cissampelos, is

(called also
its powers

coldish

are

hixmidity.

possessed of discutient

powers.
CoMMEiVTARY.

This

is

evidently

the

second

species

of

Comm.
'

Dioscorides

(iv,86), who

represents

the

leaves

as

being cooling

astringent,and consequently proving

of erysipelas,
burning, and other
cases

and

CoMM.
'

'"

in

'

[book

SIMPLES.

110

tonsils,and

been
has
long
{Parietaria officinalis)
See Parkinson,
Gerard, and
acknowledged.
the

added
be

to

in

characters

same

and

from

late date.

species of

helxine

Convolvulus

has

it is laxative,

that
have

discovered,

treat

of it

as

call it herba

Arabians

The

it the

of

Aetius,

Galen.

the

speciesof Volubilis,by

j;

and

be

laxative.

kinson.
Par-

the

virtues,
far

as

we

The

Arabians

of

acfin. See

(De Simpl. 24.) Both

See

agree

further

App.

^NlfXa'j?,
and

Punic, is, like millet, desiccative

applied externally. It

when

species of

of, as

name

to

former

Sprengel

Oribasius.

or

the

its medicinal

treated

now

it clown

was

ni(/er,and

It is not

'EAv^iog
in its powers

It is

INIatthiolus

See

known.

(iv,39.)

bv

Dioscorides

Serapion (De Simpl. 41) ; Mesne

in making it to
with Dioscorides

Panicum,

2, 335)
(ii,

Avicenna

See

brieflystates

Dioscorides

arvensis.

give the pellitoryexactly

do.

by

makes

Dodouccus

it,

(1.c), Pliny (H. N.

it as
recommend
an
cation
appli-

the Greeks

been

of

24.) It may
gout, (iv,

the

Arabians

described

long

terms.

juice

the

and

same

it.
cleaned
with
glass vessels were
the Dispensatory, but held a place in
See Quincy, Hill, and
Rutty. That

vitri,because

the

recommends

(Cont. 1. ult. 536.)

Rhases

excluded

as

Dioscorides

as

Dioscorides

that

gout. The

of

Galen

Sprengel.

nearly

it in

Apuleius (81), also

cases

it

to

applicationto

an

mention

to

xxii, 19), and

the

as

ceruse,

proper

of

treat

of Celsus, who

mm-alis

is the

It

Oribasius

and

Aetius

virtues

medicinal

same

tlie

of

pellitoryof the
pretty generally

wall

ascribes

and

inflammations,

plant is the

this

That

forth.

so

cataplasm

coughs, inflammations

cbronic

in

useful

proving

as

suitable

VII.

refrigerant

dries up

also

ahine

fluxes.

Panic,

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

"
'

millet

It is the

kind.

of food
in the

part

of this work

'

Empetron,

phlegm

and

V\e
devoted

have
to

It is

treated

plant

more

an

of it

Dietetics.

See

of the
article

accordingly
Vol.

I,

124.

"'/
EyHTTErpoi'
IlpocrcrooEc,

Black-berried
bile.

remarks, is

Italicum.

Panicum

of medicine.

than

Miller

as

Heath, is

It is also

saltish and

medicine

which

purges

therefore, detergent.

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

in

down

set

neither

it ;

we

"

that

appear

find

it in the
Greek

racters
cha-

Arabians
of

works

other

same

the

'

makes

all the

it the

give

not

modern

and

Comm.

crates
Hippoit is

Pharmacopoeia

Pimpinella Saxifraga.

the

being

as

do

it be

Dioscorides

water

Arabian,

does

the

In

Celsus.

or

It

main.

the

noticed

have

and

Greek

both

authorities,

w'liether

Salsola.

or

phlegm, bile,and

of

purger

determined

well

Herniaria,

species of Crithmum,
it to be

is not

It

Commentary.

Ill

^TriOv/Liov,
Epithymum
and

than

thyme.
Dioscorides

Commentary.

?)

Dodder

says

is desic-

of Thyme,

degree, being

third

in the

calefacient

cant

minor

(velCuscuta

of the

drastic

more

Cuscuta

Ejnthymus,

Comm.
"

or

bile,

of

dodder

lesser
and

Aetius, likewise,

of

it

and

it

calls

Serapion gives

the

and

join

in

in

taken

unless
be

it to

Rhases

with

the

like.

of

Rutty

p.

it is

the

chikben.
ters
charac-

same

and

weak

of

slow

purge,

recommends

large dose, and, therefore,

Indian
myrobalans, black hellebore, mulse,

(10.)

being

also

See

It held

down

80.) ;

p.

(ii,2, 226)

A^icenna

place in

cleanser,

(Materia Medica,

Dispens.

agree

emmenagogue,

he

(Cont. 270.)

character

the

given

salts, or

of it that

mentions

of it ; he

also, gives nearly

Mesne,

(De Simpl. 39.)

present

They

fevers

in the

spleen, and

and

hver

graphic

tions
particularlyin jaundice, obstruc-

it

recommending

the

of

deobstruent, cathartic, and

it is

that

racter
cha-

same

the

description of this singular parasitic plant,

authorities.
instance
quoting solelyfrom Arabian
general

flatulent

most

in

in

black

melanogogue

give exactly

author.

our

as

Oribasius

and

Galen

medicine.

and

phlegm

melancholic

particularly with

agrees

(iv, 176.)

cases,

it purges

that

thyme,

and
with

Dispensatory,

our

to

Quincy

period. See
(Complete Engl.

late

117.)

'E7ri/i?jSioi',
Epimedium,
with
of

also

cataplasm
said

to

Barren

wateiy

Wort

its powers

humidity.

it preserves

the

prevent conception

are

applied

When

breasts
when

moderately

in

taken

right
in

in

gerant,
refri-

the

state.

draught.

form
It is

'^

SIMPLES.

112

Commentary.

CoMM.
"

Our

author

[book

descriptionof

liis

borrows

'

Epimedium

"

Alpinum,

of the

none

others

Barren

or

supply

the
and

information

additional

any

Dioscorides

from

Wort,

VII.

ing
respect-

it.

E7r//trjAiCj

Epimelis, Crab-tree,
It is

for the

is bad

sour,

it is

speciesof

Germanica.
that
a

of it

give

it has

medicine,

it the

the

fruit

Dioscorides

and

characters

same

bandmen.
hus-

which, being

the

other

Mespilus

authorities

other

the

that

author.

our

as

as

(i,170),

was

all the

character

same

of

Italian

headache.

Probably, then, it

Dioscorides, Galen,

treat

the

by

occasions

from

appears,

Medlar.

Unedo

apple, the
and

stomach,
It

Commentary.

CoMM.

also

of wild

sort

called

As

Medlars.

^irnraKTiQ,

Epipactis (calledalso Helleborine,

drunk
the

as

antidote

an

for

Bastard

or

Hellebore),is

deadly poisons, and

for

diseases

of

liver.
Commentary.

CoMM.

The

older

herbalists, supported

by

the

to

the

'
"

authority

of

genus

Herniaria,

seem,

is

still in

alexipharmic,
and

all

from

the

great

and

to

who

Dioscorides.

(iv,107.)
noticed

liver.

as

being

as

author

characters
been

have

we

would

Our

its medicinal

far

As

Greece,

of the

it take

notice

epipactis,it

throughout

repute

article

this

The

curing complaints

others

refer

Wort.

Rupture

or

discover, it is not
the

incline

Anguillara,

by Hippocrates, Celsus,

able

to

any

of

nor

Arabians.

EjOf/3u'0ocj
Vetch

Cicer,

nutritious,
milk

engenders
kind

stones

than

stronger

and

than

Commentary.

CoMM.

The
other

Kpiog

is

species

The

is flatulent,

bowels, diuretic,
The

black

wild

the

others.

sort, breaks

down

is hotter

Ervinum,
are

in every

respect

cultivated.

comprehends

undoubtedly
cannot

than

species called
The

pulse

emmenagogue.

diuretic

more

of

the

proves

bitterish.

It
is

for

especiallythe

more

and

the

and

semen,

kidneys.

others,

kind

common

medicine

proper

them,

of

in the
the

Arietinum

called

decoction

Chick-'pea, a

or

be

so

the

several
Cicer

species of

arietanum.

readily determined.

the
The

Cicer.
two

Probably they

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

but

are

of them
First

produced by

varieties

articles of

the

among
Book.

As

especiallyin
kinds

when

given

Galen

vetches, he

with

and

says,
for

rosemary,
the

have

food, in tlie 79th

cancerous

gives the chiches

them

We

section

of

ulcers.
useful

prove

dropsy, (ii,126.)

character, and

further

be

lithoutriptic.(De Simpl. v.) Aetius

in addition
closely,(i.) The Arabians
say that
to

the

testicles,

ill-conditioned

jaundice and

same

of

them

the

diuretic, and

are

Comm.

treated

recommends

cataplasm for inflammations

of

cultivation.

medicine, Dioscorides

scabies, achor, lichen,

All

113

holds

follows

him

chiches

are

anthelminthic, diuretic,and
in arthritic diseases.
and

Rhases

See

(Cent. 1.

gives a long

purgative,and that they are useful

Serapion (80); Avicenna
2, 128) ;
(ii,

ult.

Avicenna, in

i, 209.)

list of their medicinal

virtues.

In

particular,

addition

to those

already stated,he

joins Hippocrates in holding chiches to be

aphrodisiacal; and hence he says procreatinganimals, such as
He
camels, are fed with them.
joins the others in holding
them
to be deobstruent, lithoutriptic,
diuretic.
cathartic,and
Chiches
racters
long held a place in our Dispensatory with the chaand
Avicenna.
See
given to them
by Dioscorides
Tliree sorts were
used
in
Quincy (HI) and Rutty (122.)
modern
in ancient
as
times, namely, the Avhite,the red, and
the black, but, as Quincy remarks, their medicinal
virtues
are
.

all

pretty much

the

same.

Eoia,
Lana, Wool

that

which

for the
is scoured

is

CEsypum
simply the

is burnt

which

tenuity

some

of

has

is

is unscoured

is useful

for

like
digestive,

butter.

That

vehicle

for

other

acrid,hot, and

paits

so

as

to

melt

cations,
embrowhich

applications.

desiccative
down

the

powers,

That
with

flesh

flaccid

of

ulcers.
Commentary.
authorities

pertiesof

Dioscorides, Galen, Serapion, and the other

give nearly the

pungency.
Commentary.

III.

account

of the

medicinal

'

'
'

pro-

wool.

Erica, Heath,

Erica

same

Comm.

is

Its flower

possessed of discutient
and

leaves

Sprengel and

are

principallyto

Schneider

without

powers

agree

be used.

that it isthecoMM.
"

arhorea, but the descriptionof it given by Dioscorides,

8

SIMPLES.

114

that

namely,

CoMM.
'

[book

it is like tlie tamarisk

"

but

mucli

VII.

smaller/^ would

'

rather

"

commends
Our

it

The

past.
ascribe
held

it to

appear

old

herbalists,copying from

be

Dioscorides

species.

place in

Arabians, with the tion

excepnot
to
treated
of it,
have

held

heath

Dispensatory for

our

virtues

the

the

which

long time

ancient

authorities,

Dioscorides

and

Galen

possessed of.
'

Erinos, Water-basil, is
fruit of

The

not

the

to

Galen.

Baithar, would

Ebn

it has

and

of the lesser

one

application to the bites of reptiles,(i,116.)

an

as

to

copiesfrom

author
of

apply

to

seem

with

which

stops defluxions

the

aquatic herb,

an

drachms

four

of

Eod'oc,

of
Its

eyes.

drachms

two

when

houev,

juice is

also

of the

rubbed

in

remedy

for

earache.
That

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

'

agreed

long

'

or

of

ec/dnos

but

it.

as

it to be
it

names

from

the

articles.

Few

of

the

rapunculus or rampion
Loudon
(Encycl. of Garden.

It

is the
the

(iv,29.)

salad.

scription
de-

authorities

Dioscorides
as

been

Rapunculus

other

is still cultivated

The

C.

similarityof

merely abridges

author

the

has

Erinus.

C.

is ob^dous

two

Our

species of Campanula

held

Sprengel

Galen,
of the

notice

Columna

upon.

Rampions,

it is

See

734.)

Ep/.iocaK7uXoc,
of

Hermodactylus, Hermodactyl
pui'gativeproperties,and also

affections

of

the

joints in

the

the

of

root

it is

decoction.

rheumatism,

It is

but

possessed
given for

it is bad

for

the

stomach.
We

Commentary.

CoMM.

afford

cannot

here

room

discuss

to

fully

'

'
'

the

much

agitated question respecting

tjdus, and
the

beg

Appendix

our

Mesne

on

author

of Dioscorides

to

Dunbar's

to

commentators

that

refer

to

we

have

Lexicon.
and

name,

place of it is the

and

that

the

identity of

these

his

chapter

Hermodactylus, gives

in this

on

place along with

medicines.

Dioscorides's

is

the

subject in
particularlythe

notice

the

'E|0^. This

hermodac-

It is to be

to

in

on

also

Dioscorides.

has

two

ancient

said

See

entirelyomitted

has
bv

what

the

onlv
a

KoXvi/cov

article

which

he

presumptive proof

Serapion
the

the

remarked

words

account

moreover,

of

of the

our

of
in

author

colchicum.

SIMPLES.

IIG

CoMM.

modactylus

in

it to

be

and

gout

foul

[book
An

nlcers.

vTi.

authoi'ity

anonymous

'

"
"

makes

aphrodisiac.(Cont.
It is particularly
to
(Pract. ii,43.)

Abbas
the

1. vilt. 362.)

Arabian

medicinal
the

of

use

red, which

the

former,

not

what

sets

down

his

are

Med.

for

grounds

this

refer
this

who

readers

our

subject,to

the

wish

Materia

'

Wild

Serpyllum,
and

urinary

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

Myrepsus

rubi'um.
It

is

the

on

We

know

the

white

See

Boer-

beg

particularlyto

modern

literature

of Pereira

of

(p.949.)

EpTTuXAog,

Thyme,

menstrual

the

in his annotations

Avould

Medica

hermo-

condemn

and

medicinally.

oljtain

to

that

restrict

and

opinion.

has been
variety which
always used
We
haave, Quincy, and Pereira.

Haly

i),however, prescribe

behen

the

of the

Nicholaus

Fuchsius,

being

as

also

remarked

these,

deleterious.

learned

the

black

the

(De Compos.

be

varieties

first of

the

to

being

as

Actuarius

and

also the

H.

the

others

two

(i,1)

white, the red, and

the

dactyl root,

three

all notice

authorities

See

is

heating,

so

to

as

the

promote

discharge.

All

that

agree

the

Thymus

Serpyllum

is pos-

'
"

sessed

of

diuretic
it in

recommends

and

emmenagogue

Dioscorides

powers.

tormina, con\Tilsions,"c.,

and

pharmic. The others, like our author, treat more

in general terms.
borrow
Serapion and Avicenna
Dioscorides.
with

The

its ancient

held

Serpyllum
characters

down

in

place

to

our

brieflyof

it

freelyfrom
Dispensatory
date.

recent

very

alexi-

an

as

See

Quincy and Rutty (Mat. Med.) The latter,however, questions

its identitywith the ancient
Serpyllum.

".pv9pocavov,
Erythrodanum,
and

sour

to

bitter,it

occasion

and
CoMM.

admitting

madder.

urine.

the

cleanses
There
it to

be

sometimes
He

sordes

Rubia

holds
to

recommends

alexipharmic medicine,

Tinctorum.

urine.
of the

Being
kidneys, so as

It acts

as

an

nagogue,
emme-

skin.

scarcelyany

reason

Tinctorum,

madder

to

hesitate

and

dyer's

it to be

occasion
it in
and

Kubia

spleen,liver,and

seems

the

Dioscorides
as

the

purges

discharge of bloody

Commentary.
in

is the

Madder,

as

much
powerfully diuretic,insoin the
discharge of blood

sciatica

and

paralysis;

producing abortion,

as

menstru-

an

III.]

SECT.

and

ation,
He

the

it doAvn

Aetius

the

character

of

internally,and
The

590.)

the

being

diuretic

whether

in this

of famine.

urine

and

Our

old

its

to

Rubia

The

of

as

nagogue,
emme-

of

sioning
occa-

(De

and

is to
holds

truth

the

menses.

Parkinson

Tinctorum

i,

times
some-

an

powers

the

Dodonseus

or

was

questioned

possessing the

herbalists,

applied

(Casiri,Bibl.

given

discharge

given

1. ult.

(Gout.

in times

Dodonseus

who

madder

when

bi'ead

'

treating

w^hen

alexipharmic

madder

Dioscorides

Greek

deobstruent

that

as

in

giving

mention

that

Galen,

'

'

emmenagogue.

in

It is still sometimes

instance.

modern

Greeks

Comm.

pessary.

cataplasm

author

our

and

from

writers

opinion

97.)

the

as

in

(ii^2, 573), Rhases

notwithstanding
bloody

as

and

Avicenna

from

of Dioscorides's

dispute

borrows

words

same

follow

Hisp., 336.)

Purgant.

author

Arabians

Arabian

prepared
Arab.

Our

emmenagogue

See

externally.

applied

alphos (mild leprosy)

cures

nearly

All

when

being deobstruent, diuretic,and

as

uses

it.

the

it

117

discharge

150.)
vinegar, (iii,

sets

of

locTiial

that

addsj

"with

SIMPLES.

Gerard,

be

followed

place

in

the

Pharmacopoeia.
EoU(T"/JOJ',

Erysimum,

equally
added

as

Hedge-nmstard

linctuses, it pui'ges
and

form

in the

the

of

seed

is

when

Wherefore,

cresses.

to

its

fiery and

boiled

in

It

also

chest.

cataplasm

is of

heating,

leaven

and

softens

durations,
in-

for latent

use

cancers.

Commentary.
the

We

Eryshnum

Galen,

Our

Hedge-mustard.
officinale,

who,

in

from

Dioscorides.

than

our

author.

from

pretty confidently

may

the

present

Arabians,

Dioscorides

borrows

copies from

Aetius
Tlie

case,

and

Galen

almost
even

It

that

character

Dr.

mustard
will
at
not

be

Hill

gives

which
admitted

the

same

Dioscorides
forms

all events,

they were
disputed by those

(Mat. Med.)

aud

medicinal

gives
strong

the

question

congeners,

their

Sprengcl (ad Dioscor.)

closely
thing
every-

to

the

of their
a

fact

identity.

See

in

of remark

worthy

Eryshnon,

presumption

e^^dently
who

to

is

'

everything
more

this head.

particular Serapion (De Simpl. 357.)

Comm.

as

abridges

borrow

manner,

under

down

author

Galen

in like

it

set

hedge-

which

it

identity;
which
Sec

is

Rutty

"

"

SIMPLES.

118

It

is diuretic.

"

'
*

Eriica,
down

with

agrees

The

latter

by giving it

headache
eruca"

with

in

does

the

induce

to

Celsus

ranks

the

videntur.'^

semen

Greeks

the

date

and

is

character.

See

still cultivated

in

Rutty

See
to

(183),
See

gardens.

744.)

"c.

(Encycl.

this

It

(109.)

Quincy

Loudon

retained

rocket

its

to

as

aphrodisiacalproperties. (Casiri,Bibl. Arab. Hisp. i,336.)

Even
down
also Serapion (224), Avicenna
(ii,2, 227.)
late

it

setting

tendency

contrahere

quae

it

Brassica

Aetius

(ii,169.)

"

agreed

Arabians

The

(iv, 21.)

its

correct

lettuce,

things

the

among

with

author

our

of

seed

it is the

that

diuretic, and

to

proposes

the

cultivated.

the

doubt

no

being aphrodisiacaland

as

same.

"

he

can

Dioscorides

L.

than

stronger

There

Commentary.

CoMM.

is

wild

The

and

VII.

is flatulent.

temperament,

incitement,

venereal

produces

tlierefore

like it in

also

Eruca^ Rocket, being

[book

EuTTorwproi',
and

is

it clears

'

That

Commentary.
'

'

be

hardly

questioned
the

investigated

it to

be

and

southernwood

is

and

from

that

Mesne,

examined

to

lieat.

has

liver,and

also

the

into

these

very

is

chapter

matter

of

Mesne,

different

the

protracted

and

Serapion,

tlierefore

however,

plant, namely,

as

has
the

No

that
been

ilhases,

is

the

(De

entirely

without

that
of

liA^er ;

fevers.

one

doubt

corides
Dios-

the

Eupatorinm

on

same

of

for

makes

from

from

complaints

in

wine,

Galen

end,

(ii,2, 239.)
can

was

in

copies

in the

in

good

addition,

Arabians,

Eupatorinm
be

or

stalk

Serapion

has

its leaves

reptiles,(iv,41.)

suitable
it

and

the
will

who

judge

recommends

seed

Dioscorides, Galen,

from

two

its

and

Eiqjatormm,

competent

any

merely adds,

more

of Dioscorides

Dioscorides

of

Avicenna^s

77.)

slightest change

The

manifest

Agrimonia

tonic.

and

Galen,

that

compiled

by

now

stings

deobstruent

Simpl.

is the

ulcers, and

the

and

and

of

the

of

"Mj!?a/ormm

question.

ill-conditioned

dysentery

the

authorities

Greek

other

in

particles,

astringency.

some

CoMM.

subtile

without

powers

obstructions

away

of

incisive

of

possessed

Hence

consists

Hemp-agrimony

Eupatorinm,

who
the

the
has
En.

Greeks.

generally held

Eupatorium

Canna-

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

binum, according
those

of the
that

ever,

all
as

of

And

liver,and

brought

the

old

and

same

Eu.

of

mind, hownot

are

be
may-

the

was

'
*

])e

to

comparison

Mesne

It is but
and

same

the

on

that

Mat.

hold
of

Such

of

Med.

that

the

the

Greeks.

of

is the

the

question

mention, however, that

to

and

us,

from

Parkinson

(in Dioscor.) ;

fair

writers

against

are

different

(De Sim pi. 15.)

impartial examination

an

us.

Quincy,
was

fevers.

which

herbalists

Mesne

the

in

highly probable from his recommending

complaints,namely, in obstructions

chronic

to

has

that

this

to Comm.
"

borne

Arabians

therefore

leaves

others, seems

the

conclusion

be

of the

and

the

comparing

It is to

translations

matters,

it in the
the

his

centaury.

Latin

small

from

some,

mistake.

that

lesser

the

in

trusted

to

119

down

all

Rutty
Eupatorium of
Matthiolus

See

(Theatre of Plants) ;

to

and

the

mentators
com-

Mesne.

on

Eu^opptoi',
is

Euphorbium,
subtile

possessed of caustic

Alston

still holds

remarks,
of

does,
make

it
is

use

the

also

of

excessivelyacrid, upon

now

of the

the

account

of

is

Euphorbium

undetermined.

See

modern

Greek

speciesof

the

from

procured

it is

admitted

now

Pereira

it is

any

but

Pliny

all

its internal

mends
particularlycomformerly supposed

Avas

species called

that

(1127.)

Pharmacopoeia,

Euphorbia.

It

which

take

but

'

'

Medica.

Arabians

Mesne

joints.

Materia

Euphorbium,

and

generally condemned.^^

species Comm.

some

Galen

nor

the

from

the

Dioscorides

quality of

antiquorum, but
the

place in

Aetius, Paulus,

it in diseases
that

its

neither

"

cathartic

do

as

juices.
gum-resin produced

Euphorbia

notice

consists

particleslike the other

Commentary.
of

and

powers,

the

the

E.

species is still

Probably,

stated

as

from

procured

in

several

(66.)
E(^r}^t"f)oi',

(or
Ephemerum
but
that
Avhich
species

Colchicinn

of mixed

powers,

E.,

said

verticillata.

See
to

is called

repellent,and

Commentary.
here

Autuninale

be

the

?),not

Wild

Iris.

the
It is

poisonous
possessed

discutient.

and Book
"Ei^fxo^aKTvXoq,

(48.)

The

Comm.
'

the

Dioscorides

same

as

the

recommends

wild

is the Convalluria
iris,

its

root

in

toothache.

"

SIMPLES.

120

and

CoMM.
'

its leaves

[book

possessingdiscutient

as

'

swellings and

'

explain

temperament,
Wherefore

whole

cured.

been

stated

As

Commentary.

bv

E.

the

Dioscorides

and

Fifth

the

scrofula.

He

his

gives

prevented

lice from

the

process

have

they

wonderful

Rhases

1. ult.

(Cont.

Collect.
further

of the

this

ancient

to

vipers

have

is veiy

been
much

familiar

with

enlivened

vipers abound, which

through the pores, though never
the

remote

parts of

scabs, itches, and

the

It

body.
erysipelas,and

of

with
enables
so

is

of

this

on

the

storing
re-

(ii,2, 608), and

lengthened
very

viper when

instead

authorities

in

them
of

Oribasius

See

the

and,

to

even

occasioii,however,

place merely subjoin the opinion

appears
of

theriac

The

vipers. (De Simpl. xi.)

(ii,160.)

properties of

of the

of the

sentiments

gives

^-irtues of

shall have

medicinal

composition

Galen

same,

We

2.)

XV,

vipers,ascribing

particular, A\'icenna

says

Dioscorides,

preserving Hfe, but

i, 731.)

the

abridges

Aetius

of

medicinal

the

disquisitionon

only
in

See

youth.

of

virtues

tinctly
dis-

(ii,18.)

flesh,

the

of

they

vipers, but

credulity than

more

not

powers,

that

describes

He

from

salts

and

belief

vulgar

the

to

with

affections

nenous

body.

efficacy as

same

medicinal

the

describing

the

on

preparing

display much

Arabians

the

forming

the

not

dill,for

vipers prolonged life,or

upon

of

out, boiled

taken

credit,however,

no

hving

that

time,

probably is the C.
vipers, having their

e/tc,

entrails

and

little salts

oil, wine,

the

the

Book,

yEcjyptius,and

Coluber

recommends

off,and

tail cut

the

The

C. Berus.

skin.

thirst.

occasion

in

us

is

Nicauder

the

Europffia

Amodytes.
head

of

Asiatica

Echidna

iu

dry
the

body by

diy situations,rather

in other

and

hot

'
*

the

of

theory

to

by eating
elephantiasis,
which
live by the
Those

with

affected

persons
it have

of

drinking

the

it cleanses

that

so

many

sea-side,or
"

pains

great

liis

to

decidedly

flesh is

its

Viper ;

the

Vipera,

CoMM.

at

of medicines.

action

or

is

operandi agreeably

modus

its

Galen

(iv,75.)

tumours,

applied to

when

powers

vii.

use

the
it
close

shall in

we

author,
"

volatile

powder

salt

with
where-

to

medicine

particularlythe

who

The

force

shut,

singular

treat

collectingthe

modern

to

to

describing

head,

of it

(Med.

its virtues
the
to

more
cure

leprosy.

It

and

in

or

syrup,

to

is

adder

the

taken

in the

form

viper

broth

is

of

descriljed

nearly the same

as
doing good

terms

diseases

leprous and

in

service

"

Coluber

by

Berm)

skin.

of the

by Dioscorides,

as

some

It is
The

Dioscorides.

in

Quincj^s Dispensatory (400)

in

'
'

(Moses Charras.)

varietyof the

described

as

soup,

Avith

incorporated
bolus."

Comm.
'

else

like

Avitli long agues

fasting,in broths, Avine,

taken

a
(which
popular remedy for malignant

Scotland

In

wasted

persons

liquor, or

confection

some

121

is to be

It

cordial

otlier

any

body

diseases.

tedious

or

of

plumpness

restores

is

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

recommended

and

obstinate

other

cutaneous

complaints."

Echinus
Of

Land

the

dried

herb

the

Echinus,

therefore, it is beufficial
discutient.

and
in

diuretic, and
resembles

agrees

that

Theophrastus,

or

the

bowels.

Dioscorides

herb

and

in

of

treats

ancient

the

two

the

account

of

Serapion,

after

same

land

the

of

echini

it is
See

mostly
in like

made

at

greater
the

manner

tlie land
children
it

biings

arc
on

the

Upon
up

of

extracts

in

the

subject,adding

that

dysuria.

as

same

giving

whole, however,

lie

and

when
Avicenua

other

any

land, in phthisis,

other

complaints of
his account

Dioscorides

irretention

the

Arabian

an

than

length

cinal
medi-

(ii,2, 234,)

Avicenua

flesh of the

from

their

and

(Cont. 1. ult. i, 273.)

Rhases
echinus

the

is beneficial

echinus

dropsy, elephantia,scabies, scrofula, and

nature.

be

Galen, adds, from

and

author, recommending

formidable

burnt,

by Dioscorides, Comm.

to

appear

(De Simpl. 435.)

protracted fevers.

part is

edible

'E.

author.

flesh

the

described

would

It

give

properties as our
description by Dioscorides
authority, that

rubbed

when

is undoubtedly the
yioaaioq
Esciilenhis.
'E. OaXarTiog \]ie Echinvs

the

Galen

many
cant
desic-

shell,v.hen

Its

is not

The

see.

Hystrix Cristuta,and

and

echinus.

land

Pliny.

EriniLS,which

the

Echinus, the

with

draught,

more

alopecia

cures

Sea

The

Commentary.

therefore
the

of the

in

burnt, becomes

Of

\\'\i\\liquidpitch.

taken

strongly

cachexia,
elephantiasis,

in

It

when

flesh

when

skin, when

Its

complaints.

other

the

Hedgehog,

desiccant

dcsiccant.

repellent, and

austere,

or

and

discutient

is

is

of urine

He

of

Galen.
mends
recom-

to

whicli

frequentlyadministered,
quote Serapion as an

SIMPLES.

122

autliorityfor

CoMM.

its

disappeared from

vii.

in

Botli the ecMni

protracted fevers.
time
Dispensatory a considerable
ago.

use

'
"

[book

our

"Ey^iov,
call

Ecliium, Viper's BugJoss, (some

those

who

but,
CoMM.

is the

It appears

Echiwn

doubt

vuJgare

introduced

was

the

places, and

therefore

Some

taken

have

signifies
Parkinson
"

vulgare
that

are

but

in

describes

The

flowers

have

vulgare.

Our

from

powers

old

where

its

root

Defrutum,
and

is also

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

Boiled

red

while

The

of

it is

supposed.

they
it

in bud

are

"c.

(p.413.)

the

as

them

its

Echium

medicinal

Avould

seem

it is

closelyallied.
viper's bugloss, follow

ceased

hold

to

is known

character

plish
pur-

of the Echium

Arabians

of

Gray (Suppl. to

Must

cultivated

is

of

which

the

still,
however,
the

herbs

Dioscorides

as

account

to

long

See

slightlyastringent.

from

acknowledging
his

no

truly indigenous.

of the flowers

Anchuste,

retains

be

not

(iv,27)

has

It

from

paler purple colour,"

in

have

we

medicinal

remote

reddish

treating

it

this article

purplish violet colour, in

borrows

herbalists, in
but

and

more

wine,

being injured.
that

other

to

in

being purplish, whereas,

as

of

the

Dispensatory.

our

of

from

vubrum,

the colour

author

Echium

hesitation

no

it with

Dioscorides

the

Dioscorides.

confound

Our

it not

but

places

some

believe

are

fullyblown,

with

found

bright blue,

us

never

flowers

thus

We, then,

to

we

the

drunk

quite clear

Britain

it is

it for

described

to

them

relieves

only

Viper's Bugloss, which

or

into

for

llomans,

having

it preserves

and

Dorias,

not

beforehand,

if taken

also

prickly herb, which

bitten
by reptileswhen

been

have

Commentary.

by

is

Alcibiadium,)

others

it

in

in

place

the

shops,
being aperient and
Pharmacop. p. 54.)

moderately heating

emplastic and free from pungency.

of
Pliny gives thefollowingaccount

and

tive,
diges-

it : '''Sirseum

'
*

nostri

quod

alii

opus

est, musto

usque

quod

ubi

ad

xiv, 11.)
Sapa

hepsema,
factum
Harduin

preparing

ad

states

it

partem

that

the

Charras
Of
.

the

vocamus.''

Hepsema
gives
new

naturse

decocto

mensiirse

est, defrutum

Moses
"

appellant,ingenii, non

tertiam

dimidiam

semplex. (1.c.)
for

sapam

the

is called

(H.
Rob

following

juice of

white

N.
or

tions
direcgrapes

SIMPLES.

124

wliicli account

on

the

it

CoMME.VTARY.
Dioscorides

be

to

of

of

as

Mesne

the

preserves

of

same

is beneficial

the

extracts

the

is not

that

holding
ginger

that

binds
and

it binds

it is
the

astringent.
bowels,

viscid

Zythus, Ale,

by

loose

He

agrees

and

bellv, heats

the

(water brash?)
the

humidity

fruit,such
works

of

rity
autho-

Mesne,

gives very

authors

the

belly,and
Avicenna

i, 762.)

state

also

an

acid

now

interesting

Arabian

Avith the

in

melons

as

Alcanzi

as

latter,that

arises
with

from
the

digestion
inother

aphrodisiac, (ii,2, 735.)

nature

for

it is

acrid,

putrefaction (" fermentation?^'), and

of

is

digestion;

aperient, and

agrees

\T.r-

liver, ansing

the

it softens

it is

of

authority.

unknoAvn

various

their

compound

of

1. ult.

He

humours.

of

being possessed
chyle.

when

it is stomachic

is

and

(Cont.

stating that

of the

The

llhases

of.

account

of

the

In

ginger, that

it.

as

authorities, that

formed

of

says

Dioscorides

quotes

treated

opinions

removes

eating

Dioscorides, Galen,

latter,one

another

the

(De Simpl. 336.)

extant, ginger
from

from

garding
re-

the

phlegm

and

memory,

and

Oribasius

luiknown

vision.

and,

pepper

and

promotes

it

conclusions

it softens

removes

obscurity of

in

another

body

and

frame

Aetius

sensible

that

cornea,

it and

obstriictions

aphrodisiacal;

improves

like

in

Avhole

the

stomach, arising
the

and

and

elaboratelyin

animal

quoting

very

humidity;

and

and

Mesne

from

and

alexipharmic

after

powers

otherwise

very

between

author's.

our

it is beneficial

stomach

it

as

and

the

bowels,

the

practically,his

class

same

the

of

the

on

and

its medicinal

writes

ginger

Galen, gives

coldness

says

of

Zbigiber.

ginger,

antidotes

Galen

Serapion,

and

says

from

of the

ginger

of

tues

bad

of the

nebulse

in

difference

the

him.

Dioscorides

ingredient

action

for

are

from

copy

as

it

Amomwn

it, states

it in

(ii,189.)

of the

articles

being

country

of

kinds

an

pepper

it

Of

best

recommends

accounting

other

and

the

it, that

explanation

the

describing

and

resembles

in

the

the

heating, digestive,mildly aperient

stomachic
adds

doubt

Without

after

characters

and

carious^ hut

readily becomes

vii.

heat.

CoMM.

the

[book

quality.

It therefore

as

cold,

produces

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

The

Commentary.
from

entering into

subject,but
to

which

have

we

have

we

could

we

to

given

lita
re

Zythorum

(De

Cibaria,iv, 15)

and

Athenseus

business

kinds

two

to their

of ale

from
between

them

x,

opinions

medicinal

barley, but

does

consisted.

kidneys and nerves

prejudicialto the membranes
Courrai, he

also

and

humours,
this nature

is liurtful to

See

(ii,109, 110.)
and

Oribasius,
Rhases

treats

for the

stomach

it

also formed

are

from

mentions

of them
the

diflerence

the

to
;

he

adds, that

ders
engenOf

xxii,82.)

verbatim

the
bad

drinks

and

to

prove

headache, forms

almost

Zythus, by

pared
pre-

diuretic,apt

wheat, in Spain

author, copy

of the

proper

elephantiasis.

nerves

ties
authori-

is flatulent
;

occasions

(De

xiii,640)

medical

says, is

further, Pliny (H. N.

our

Panopo-

Our

wherein

state

leave

Nonnius

Med., both

occasions

the

beg

Dioscorides

of the brain

and

whicli

peculiarlycalculated

that

says,

of the

Zythus, he

affect the

ancient

Zozimus

in Iliad,

powers.

not

The

depraved humours,

also

67, ed. Schweigh.)

beer, in his Mat.

or

the

Ludovicus

to

work,

information

on

(Comment,

the

state

our

would

annotations

Eustathius

(Deipnos.

regard

We

Compositione) ;

is to

now

with

all the

^^

tary,
Commen-

disquisitionon

respecting them.
learned

part of

Comm.

iis

of this

in another

as

this

condensed

have

Gruner's

to

in

elaborate

an

we

procure

refer

referred

prohibits

general literature

the

this the less necessary

often

Ales, into which

present work

our

expositionof

an

think

we

of

plan

125

of

Britain

Aetius,

from

Galen.

offoca, first quoting

the
the
chapter of Dioscorides
on
Zythus, and then adding,
the authority of an
Arabian
writer, Bimasuy (Mesue the
upon
elder ?),that
ale prepared from
barley,cloves, and rue, is prejudicial
to
the
head ; but
that
from
fine
bread
prepared
and
forms
(similago?) mint,
good chyle,and is good
parsley,
Zythus, which
made

272.)

probably

wax."

the

of extracts
far

liquor is
head

of

from
as

short

sentence

was

by

the

Dioscorides

we

treated

of

and

Rhases.
not

tirely
en-

(ii,2,
treat

of

pretty copiouslyby Symeon

his editors

Fucas, whicli, as
from

foca, is

of

name

of

account

discover, does

can

In

his

Dioscorides's

"ivory steeped

not,

Avicenna^s

i, 306.)

corruption of Posca.

effect that
It

ult.

describes

also

Serapion, as

Scth, under

the

he

up

this article.

to

(Cont. 1.

name

in

of

account

chapter

it becomes

strictlyspeaking,

an

ale

remark,

as
or

on

is

troduces
it, he in-

Zythus,
ductile

as

beer, being

SIMPLES.

126

merely

CoMM.
"

mixture

vinegar and

of

able
Plinii
as

palate by

of

persons

thirst

the renal

Leaven
it is

for

it also is

"""

the

On

CoiMMENTARY.
mentum

and

ahdne

cold

must,

of

of

treats

praises the
furunculi.

in

modes

of

for

he

like

in

in the

for

wine, when
is

which

of children.

perches,and

other

water, oil,dill,and

salts.

of
Crustacea, especiallj^

the

(cockles),and
boiled

hen,

with
on

the

other

hand,

is taken

The
from

is

and

epispastic,

head

gives
bv

and

two

tracts
ex-

from

one

it in

the

from

prepared

leaven,
cious
effica-

fish

In
the

if drunk
but

itself

by

or

particularlythat

hakes, scorpion-fishes,
rainbows,
like

dwell

The

rocks, with

among

also,the broth

manner,

Tellinse

great degree,

Commentary.
fishes

fresh

Concliylpe(oysters).

salt to

Dioscorides

(De Simpl. 29.) Rhases

belly

fishes which

tender

Galen.

being wonderfully

as

the

from

simply prepared

from

(Cont. 1. ult. i, 306.)

from

made

taken

author's

recommends

be

to

praises

Broth, loosens

Our

followed

who

N.

prepared from

heels, phymata,

thirst.

draught

It

Pliny (H.

grape.

this

Galen,

Mesne?),

manner

fevers

Jusculum,
with

and

quenching
a

and

words.

the

under

Serapion

(the elder

is
same

of

flour.

preparing Fer-

being heating

as

complaints

Dioscorides

formula

the

putrefactive

and

was

the

powers

wheat

use

juice of

nearly

of

of children

which

fresh

it in

(ii,107.)

Abenmesuai

quenches

ordinary degree.

no

common

medicinal

leaven

from

gives

in most
the

suiting with

fevers

used

opposite ingredients

salts

Geopon.' (ii,31)

see

or

its

description of

and

states,

frequently

acidity and

moreover

tlic aucicnt

kind

The

and

Aetius

it

and

of

composed

discutient

'

Leaven,

or

millet

that

'

xviii,26.)

CoMM,

of

possessed

("fermentative?^')heat,
is,therefore, heating and
CoMM.

Seth

discharge.

Fermentum,
;

ad

especiallywhen

of stomach

temperature

appetite; increases

the

whets

hot

agree-

Harduin

beverage

wholesome,

it is

more

See

this

Respecting

opinion, that

own

aromatics.

some

xix, 29.)

(H. N.

his

by

the

to

rendered

water,

'
'

[booktii.

(limpets),the
broth

is laxative

of
;

Chamte
old

an

but

of

cock,

that

of

astringent.

account

Dioscorides

here

given

(ii,35.)

of

Galen

the

broth

directs

of
the

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

brotli

of
in

pour

dill and

fish to

be

plenty

of

leek

little salt.
in

(De

tenth

the

Alim.

for

chapter

preparing

wine, honey,
"c.,

rue,

the

the

title

of

486.)

mouth

it makes

the

eruption is

slow

acrid

it therefore

Garum

in

all

of

Dioscorides

is

powers

and

According

and

juice of
of

breast,
the

and

anthclminthic

and

it,
the

out, when

have

of

the

the

and

when

taken

to

He

Galen

cases.

articles

in the

useful

Mat.

in

aphrodisiac.

on

hiccup,

He

Med,

and

of the

with

along

it,in

complaints
mint

vents
pre-

pessary

also recommends

author

but

it stops

haemoptysis ;

The

36.)
(iii,

draught

pronounces

'

of blood

venery,

it,that

Comm.

desiccative

worms,

applied

in

its

sativa, L.

discharge

male

of

by

referring it

Mentha

application,for headache,

is

in

round

when

says

ness,
bitter-

blood.

the

kills the

female

further

it

hesitation

no

it stimulates
in

worms

it stops the

and

fluids ;

has, likewise, some

to

adds,

its powers

particles;

intestinal

acid pomegranate.

that

of

says

calefacient, astringent, and

he

cholera,

other

as

when

half-concocted

discharges

need

He

attenuate

Dioscorides

It

venery.

recent

external

an

most

an

(ii,2,
it

them

come

some

commentators

him,

coition.

vomiting,
form

to

vinegar,

conception
before

under

one,

Avicenna

of

of subtile

with

order,

hence,

to

into

of

OCTROI',

consists

it has

with

One

substance

sciatica,both

smallpox

it kills

best

drunk

when

the

hot,

means

says

sition.
compo-

taking place.

We

the

Jus

in

ceipts
re-

Book

see

recommend

clysters.

pustules

Commentary.
with

the

authorities

contain

their

head,

Serapion (184), and

and

its restrains

sourness

into

this

and

'

lovage, cumin,

enter

condense

'

'

Apicius

diff'erent

pepper,

phlegmagogue

provokes
which

by

boiled, sprinkle

ix.)

Comm.

little

INIost of them

generally

Arabian

third

the

in

gives

first

with

s.

fourteen

fishes.

on

manner

Med.
(jNIeth.

work,

xioti

are

half

are

under

See

in

INIentha,Mint,

oil q.

mentioned

and

the

given by
that

Mur'ia.

purgative

of

oil, with

chapters

Serapion's

gentle

following

ingredients which

fishes

two

iii);

and

Arabians

Dioscorides^s

fish

from

soups

the

among

The

(90.)

the

his

vinegar,

On

add

Facult.
of

the

then

tlien^when

in

prepared
water^

127

to

be

agrees
that

the

of the
one

of
with
it is

Hippocratic

'
'

SIMPLES.

128

treatise

CoMM.

'

Dlatd,' while,

De

[book
he

Dioscorides,

like

gives

VII.

mint

the

'

"
*

credit

urinary discharge and stopping

in great quantity it weakens
the

the

promoting

of

taken

that

says,

stops erections.

and

indeed

mint

that

attempts

authorities
also

little

add

and

Med.

Med.,

but

French

is therefore

stomachic,

closely,
with

agree

See

We

(ii,2, 188.)
Mentha

three

other

is

in

now

jected
re-

species of

it

There

the

among

herb

but

we

and

in

pessary,

in

and

subastringent.
form,

Hquid

have

Arabians,

merely copies from

it

been

with

great difference
herbalists

decide,

and

or

prevents
the

same

unable

to

find

the

exception

Dioscorides

this
dence,
confi-

Coronilla

securidaca.

and

alexipharmic,
Our

conception.

does

opinion

considerable

with

Vetch,

of

respecting

it is stomachic

Aetius

and

We

Oribasius.

it that

of

says

to

Hatchet

the

was

abridges Galen,
the

taken

been

has

inclined

are

it

Dioscorides

that,

when

commentators

that

and

is bitter

"\asceral obstructions.

away

Commentary.

of

all

species of

Honeysuckle,

Hedysarum,
clears
CoMM.

Galen

stops vomiting.

that

The

still retained.

are

It

Mat.

See

(35.)

and

Avicenna

way,

sional
profes-

i, 15.)

They

own.

and
this

our

among

Dioscorides

particular Serapion (290),

that
need
scarcely mention
from

with

the

the

Parkinson

aphrodisiac and

it is

that

Dioscorides,

that

feeble

by

Cib.

re

and

their

of

of

Nonnius,

point. (De
323),

nothing

or

opinion

but

semen,

difference

the

of it follow

treating

in

Arabians

on

(Mat.

Rutty,

this

semen

great authorities, maintains

Ludovicus
for

account

to

the

Aetius, seemingly

much

generates

(Tetr. iv, 4, 26.)

nature.

also

these

reconciling

of

desire

the

holds

anaphrodisiac. (Bibl. ii,20.)

is

mint

likewise

Aristotle

ing,
vomit-

of

and

so

it in the
Ebn

author
likewise

Mat.

Baithar,

INIed.
who

(i,80.)

'HXtOrpOTTtOl',
Heliotropiura,Simfloivei-;
piurus)
powers.

bile.

is

possessed
Its

decoction

Its fruit

in

of

the

large

one

(called also

calefacient, desiccant,
when

drunk

cataplasm

dries

brings

and

away

myrmecia

Scor-

detergent
phlegm

and

such

and
like

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

The

complaints.

cutaneous

129

small

complaints and kills worms

natron, hyssop, and cardamom.

these
with

Dioscorides

Commentary.

if drunk

calls the

trojnum Eiiropceum) phlegmagogue

is useful

in

the

He

is

powdered

and

other

Greek

discover,have
Arabians
under
Croton

used

was

either

them,

amulet

an

of the

The

lesser

nally.
exter-

produce

to

fevers, and

abortion

procures

None

(iv,190.)
have

been

heliotropes
;
been

not

it

tumoiu's, sprains,"c.

we

as

along

says

pessary,

far

fruit

cholagogue,and
internallyand

and

have

we

it is.

name

the

[Helio-Comm.

to various

authorities,as
of

with

removes

great Sunflower

as

emmenagogue,

treated

also

it in intermittent

applied on

describe

what

it

fomentation

it

and

scorpions,both

also recommends

adds, that

when
the

He

cataplasm and

He

of

adds, that

sterility.
as

bites

Sunflower

able

of

able

and

to

if the
discover

to

heliotropeis probably

the

tincto7'ius.

HXE/CTpOfj
Amber;

Electrum,

they say that

are
discharged into the
golden-coloured substance.

poplar, which
into
and

stops defluxions

drunk,

dischargesof

is well

It

general represent amber

found

tree, commonly

them, however, such

bituminous
with

the

formed
when

the

them

are

which

the

out

cast

very
swallowed

procured.

but

what

cold

by

up

What

white,

the

an

exudation
banks

Mesuai
and

of

and

from
the

authors

the

Po.

formed

are

forth

of amber.

He
the

of

it is

an

citrine

ostrich's

land

Latin

translation,of its
killed,amber

colour, he
egg,

is

good;
Upon the

says,

is bad.

the elder ?),he calls it a

(INIesue
brain, all
says it strengthens the
to

and

large stones, and with

also gives an
account,

which, when

fish,from
a

on

old persons

(De Simpl. 19G.) Aviccnna'a

and

men

account

'

'

poplar

Some
that

Comm.

also

it casts

is of
like

the

held
(De Electro),

heart, and is useful

temperament.

111.

ancient

in
intelligible

dry medicine,
and

that

mushrooms

as

crusts

authorityof Aben
senses,

bowels

Theophrastus (De Lapidibus,

Hill.) Serapion says of it,that it is

of

sea

was

and

known

the

See

is troubled

sea

is

creted
get conThis, being pulverized

and

Lucian

as

annotations

is not

being

the

Po, and

stomach

as

on

substance.

in

river

of

tears

blood.

Commentary.
in

the

of

it is the

hot
the
of

of it is

"^

SIMPLES.

130

made

mostly

CoMM.
*

opinion,is

allude

as

first

given

He

Seth.

of it

is of

kind

is sold

in

correct

But

account

in various

fishes that

from
It

have

add

some

and

heart

and

still

xiii.)

as

amulet,

an

more

Psellus

so

if

says, it

of

amber

the

has

writer

Symeon

as

that

there

fat,which

?) and

Silachetum.

The

Arabia

Fehx,

black, and

is collected

its fountains.

at

and

powers,

therefore
head

strengthens the
drinking accelerates

defluxions

toxicatio
in-

wine.

the

to

dysury

cures

the

like ; that

city of

added

fever, stops

removes

dyeing

It

in

to

for

ancient

amber

incisive

cases

no

says, is

remedies.

smelled

when

and

Ahmentis,

and

stomachic

it to

swallowed

has, he adds, calefacient

same

places,and

in

in

dry

as

city of India, called

ambergris or ambra-grisea,is found

called Syachria. The worst
kind, he

sperm-

merely gives its

that quoted above

pitch,bitumen, and
grayish colour (griseaambra

certain

same

from
must

and

exactly the

of

as

the

speciesused

also

He

second

Rhases

44.)

an

it abounds

says

fountains

best

and

full

so

of

is the

1. ult.

Serapion. (Cont.

from

from

in the

364.)

and

character, which

medicinal

are

(ii,2, 62,

black,

hair

dies.

procm'ed
it in

my

He

sea.

being procured

it and

hot

mention

makes

He

is

recommends

He

degree.

Serapion.

the

which
it to be

determines

He

swallowed

has

ambergris

the

to

whale.
the

fish which

its

vii.

in

says,

in the

fountain

Serapion, of

from

account

belly of

from

he

Amber,

Serapion.

emanation

an

repeats the
the

from

up

'

[book

when

(De

appended

of the

stomach,

sight. (De Lapidibus.) Having been led

who
along in the present instance by the ancient authorities
correct
have
descriptionof amber, we omitted
given the most
and

to

sharpens

mention

the

of

head

the

under

of

rubbed, and

that

commencement,

poplars
coagulated.

tears

become

the

at

electrum

the

the

which
He

drunk, it stops defluxions

populus,

have

colour
of

the

and

when

amber

also

being

used

as

an

practice which, like other

been

transmitted

to

modern

amulet

in

times.

We

the

the

be

Po, and
when
and

110.)
belly, (i,.
amber

an

authentic

very

mention

makes

need

to

smell

supposes

diseases

superstitionsof

said

triturated

and

Pliny (H. N. xxxvii, 11), who

fi"om pines, and
exudation
gives otherwise
of its origin. He
and interestingaccount
See

into

fragrant

stomach

describes

being

as

di'opped

adds, it is of

golden

of

Dioscorides

of

of

childi'en,a

like

kind, has

scarcelyremark

132

SIMPLES.

triturated

with

liver of the
makes

wine

be

in the

Avhen

dried

"VVc havB

dietetical
Galen

who

for

part of

and

has

of

treat

in

The

draughty

livers
See

author

mixed

of

also

copiesfrom
footstepsof

animals
in

the

cular
parti-

former,

Dioscorides,

being refrigerant

powers,

recommends

it relieves

bile.

from

cation.

Our

the

Book.

complaints, and

Avitli must

Paulus,

First

Dioscorides

inflammatory

drunk

reptiles.

discutient.

Commentary.
in

of

taken

of

closelyin the

Senecio, Groundsel,
CoMM.

the

follows

moderately

and

treated

Serapion.

in his turn

and

bites

the

vii.

discharged.

CoMMENTAKY.

CoMM.

is drunk

cormorant,

calculi

[book

it in

times

ancient

authorities

and

the

general terms

it had

the
do

the

Avhen

stomach

ceeding
pro-

authorities,like

sciatica

of

that

say

it that

apj)liantiphlogistic

an

in

character

not

of

other

as

it

[Seneciovulgaris)
of

says

pains

recommends

Apuleius

modern

also

the

Galen

it

(75, 5.)

In

but

the

being emetic,

it has

this

property.

Wpvyyiov,
Eryngium, Eryngo,
and

has

little heat

no

Commentary.

CoMM.

is calefacient
and

That

in

imperceptibledegree,

no

subtilityof parts.
it is

of

species

Eryngium

or

sea

'

'
"

holly
the

planum,

view
of

indisputable.

seems

and

or

figuredby
to

seem

calefacient,and
and

tormina

it that

an

as

opisthotonos
Galen

and

terms

like

taken

for

well

remarked.

it under

says

the

it is diuretic

and

and

the

in

hard

epilepsywhen
other

Greek

Paulus.
this

the

Dioscor.
of

He

and

adds,
both

of

that

the

with

Iringi,as

he

being

it

removing
hepatic

in

it is related

of

of

it

it in

Arabians

But

calls

as

"cui'cs

.21.)
hydromel. (iii,
general

has

been

Matthiolus

erroneously, as
iii,31.)

localities

appended

root

treat

the

into

(Theatre
its

when

that

drunk

secacul

of

serviceable

authorities

article,but

(Ad
name

The

Parkinson.

emmenagogue,

tumours,

cataplasm ;

maritimum,

brought

are

campestre;

proving

alexipharmic.

an

the

description

with

it discusses
and

amulet

best

agree

be

which

herbalist

Dioscorides^s

flatulences,and

diseases,and

all of

careful

our

either

may

campestre,

Plants, 986.)

would

of

the

It

Serapion

white

treats

varietyof

has
of
the

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

Aster
and

He

Atticus.

of it in the
who

translates

merely

(De Simpl. 96.)

Galen.

also

does

Galen.

of the

works

little

The
indeed
from

it

it.

from

copy

retained

its

said to

brieflynotices

be

the

which

the

the

and

root

decoction

in obstructions
makes

of eryngo

of the
of

mention

days. (Mat.

for

98.

Marina, Sea

and

desiccant

draught,

disorders

hot

poured

it

on

as

the

Com]\h;xtary.

article

of

Rhases.
bad

the

for the

phlegm

they become
barley-meal,and
For

state, and
in

turgid

the

it proves
the

in

If

who

have

written

Comm.

Dioscorides, A\icenna,

hot

the
on

belly,bringing

for

for

it is
It is

away

it attracts

and

nerves

plastersand

bowels
hot.

part

It is proper

the

in

and

and

chilblains
with

mixing

discutient

injected
suitable

fore
beraw

malaga
tepid

in

fomentation

scabies, pruritus, lichen, enlarged tonsils, and

bath

headaches, and

hot

bites

tremblings
phalangia, and asps,
nerves

taken

phlegmagogue.

authorities

poured

is suitable

induce

bath,

his

Dioscorides, is heating, acrid, and

ulcerated.

In

in

in

use

discusses.

afl'ections of the

for tormina

mammre.

is useful

Tournefort

important, although common-place

When

evacuating

of

cases

and

candied

deobstruent

when

proves

and

]\Ied., are

discusses,suitingwith

mata.

and

ancient

water, says

bile.

the

common

stomach

stomach, for it disorders

and

Atticus.

vcwp,

the

bowels,

this

on

INIat.

Sea

for

it attracts

The

learnedly

most

Aster

Water, is acrid, moderately calefacient,

is bad

part

imitation

and

coughs

in

in

gave

being in
Engl, edition.)
same

QaXaaaiov

Aqua

the

attenuant

an

viscera,and

the

Med.

as

campestre.

is described

way,

the Eiyngo
with
Serapion, confounds
Boerhaave
(Complete Engl. Disp. 113.)

and

satory,
Dispen-

our

Eryngium

of

'
'

pelled
yet formallyex-

It is the

Ei'yng'mm maritimum, however,

Edinburgh INIat. Med.
Quincy, by

'

Baithar,

Dioscorides

place in

Comm.

mention

any

Arabians^ except Ebn

scarcelybe

can

of Dioscorides

find

cannot

than

long

Pereira

the words

We

other

more

eryngo

133

useful

fomentations

of

and

rigors, but

if, in

and

dullness

of

such

in chronic

of it is useful.

and
dispelslividities,

animals, such

venomous

and

it

especially of
cases,

one

into

go
of the

Its hot vapours

soothe

It

is

given

as

scorpions,

cachexia

hearing.

least

at

as

hot

body and
dropsies,
a

purge

134

SIMPLES.

,^
either

CoMM.
'

alone

with

or

oxycrate, wine,

honey

or

and

[book

VII.

after

the

'
'

purging

takes

place the

broth

its

acrimony

and

dilute

to

of

hen

largelyfrom

Dioscorides, but

remarks

of

bv

own

He

portance.

no

recommends

killing lice, and

injured by

is beneficial

in

for

room

few

dissertation

the

and

also,

of salt water, he
From

of salt water

it,it proves

to

He

adds,

Rhases's

subject we can
only find
authority of Johannitius

the
use

laxative

it proves

accustomed

one

that

states

blood.

pruritus,scabies, and
benefited
b}^ tepid salt

this

Upon

im-

in

vapour

on

and

chilblains, for

2, 58.)
dropsies,(ii,

extracts.

(Serapion?),he
to

The

vertigoand

lengthened

very

hot.

interest

for

discussing extravasated

copying from Dioscorides, praises it

impetigo.
Epileptics,he says, are
water, but

of

water

sea

additional

supplies some

devoid

means

Avicenna

(v, 19.)

pungency,

borrows

his

of fishes is exhibited

or

to

customed
unac-

belly,but

the

pinches

one

of

Another

astringent.

beneficial
in
authorities,Judaeus, says salt water
proves
of the head
and chest, in dropsy, and
a
watery stomach.
also

of salt water, that

states

the

continued

its

salt

1. ult.

of it

use

dries,

although

first it proves

the

strengthens

his

pain
He

laxative,

because, he
constipation,

brings on

astringes, and

at

to

says,

belly. (Cont.

i, 70.)

QaklKT^OV,
Thalictrum, Meadow

Rue, has

It therefore

heals

Commentary.

CoMM.

desiccant

chronic

without

powers,

gency.
pun-

ulcers.
it

Sprengel confidentlypronounces

to

be

"
'

the

Thalictrum

of

herbalists.

our

Galen

an

been

It is the

able
the

on

to

Mat.

place in

our

find

seated

some

ulcers.

except Ebn

Med.

by

fluids,and

It therefore

dispelsthem

of the

Arabian

Baithar, and
for many

Carrot, is acrid

humidity.

likewise

xxvii, 112.)

any

English Dispensatory

when

terms

same

Pliny, who

(H. N.

it described

Thapsia, Deadly
with

of

in the

and
attracts

rue

Dioscorides

(265.)

properties

Thalitruum

applicationto

say, the lesser meadow

to

Parkinson

See

its medicinal

state

author.
as

minus, L., that is

it
ages

and
as

our

praisesit

We

have

not

authorities
has

had

no

past.

strongly calefacient,
strongly the

attracted.

deep-

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

authorities

The

Commentary.

135

divided

are

between

the

Comm.
'

the

it

gives

acrid

very

(iv, 154.)

poison.

old

calls

Culpeper

ceased

it

"

to be

as

it

violent

purges

emetic

external

an

foreign

and

application.

in medicine

employed

venomous

that

of

root, and

even

therefore

of it.''^

more

no

it is

that

states

thapsia has long

The

that

it
Pliny describes
(P. ix, 10, 24.)
Dioscorides
See
(H. N. xxiii,43.)

operates powerfully

cathartic, and

Gerard

Parkinson

but

mentions

Theophrastus

Serapion

Old

Thapsia Ascleplum.

deadly carroty

downwards.

and

upwards

the

of

name

fennel.

scorching

as

and

Garganica

Thapsia

QllOV,
Sulphur

it likewise

subtile

of

consists

hot, and

possessed

is

attractive

of

particles,so

be

to

as

is

powers,

antidote

an

especiallythe sea-turtle
poisonous animals, more
with
saliva,or with
dragon, either sprinkled dry or mixed
It is also a wonderful
of a child, or oil,or honey.
urine

against many
and
the

complaints.

for scabious

remedy

Sulphur

Commentary.
from

esting

mention

of which
native
The
or

(H. N.

of it.

account

is

sulphur, that

sulphur ignem

so

sublimation.

expertum

extensivelyused

as

scarcely

It
especially scabies.
catarrhs
and
other
complaints
and

in
sed

Pliny.
the
et

The

discutit

facie

adipe

mire

celeritate

of

Natura

corporum
Renibus

resina

avcllendi,

scorpionum

avelli

et

are

Purulcnta
ictus.

See
well

in

Dioscorides

worth

quoting

ejus calfacit, concoquit,

ob hoc talibus emplastris

quoque

lepras.

enim

was

diseases, and

chest.

latter

sulphur

given internally

also
the

sulphur

pyrites by

that

et

lumbis

Aufert

et

Harpacticon

subinde
quoque

Yitiliginesvivum

debet.

in dolore
iichenas
vocatur

Prodest

et

extussientibus,
nitro

mixtum

et

atque

'

'

of Jameson.

from

cutaneous

prodest impositum.

suspiriosis linctum.
contra

"

miscetur.

terebinthi

cum

mention

inter-

CAddently

was

factitious

procured

was

the

of

collectiones

malagmatisque
cum

words
instance.

present

is

and

Comm.

sulphur vivum,

work,

clearlythe

which

more

The

prismaticsulphur

application in

an

in medicine

full

very

in this

was

that

need

We

made

often

50.)

xxxv,

is to say, the

namely,

brimstone,

Pliny gives

times.

earliest

the

extensively used

was

CoMM.
'

ex
'

'

[BOOK

SIMPLES.

136

tritum

aceto

admixto."

sandaracliato

mentioned

darachatum

by

Serapion,

realgar.
entirely

(ii,2, 612),

Avicenna

of

treating

and

writer

the

Rhases

and

(Cont.

san-

is to

in

ult.

say,

himself

confines

so

it

its name,

from

sulphur,

(407)

acetum

arsenic, that

and

vinegar

authorities

Greek

to

in

found

not

other

any

of

composed

doubt

no

was

have

We

palpebris,aceto

in

lendes

toUitj item

illitum

et

vii.

like

manner

694.)

Gep/uoc,
Lupinus, Lupine
plastic powers

that

vrhich

is edible

the

bitter

is

but

desiccative, without

when

applied externallyand
the

bowels

the

skin,

with

discusses

and
is

wild

The

drunk

when

and

both

worms,

and

infusion,

and

rue

em-

it cleanses

with

applied
than

stronger

when

It also cleanses

pepper.

when

tumours

bitter

more

kills

in

taken

of

possessed

detergent, discutient, and

It

pungency.

is

oxymel.

cultivated

the

aU

in

respects.
'

'
'

down

to

the

was

doubt

hirsutus,

is

what

or,

Suffice

it to

it

much

variety
virtues
no

of
are

it

say,

that

into

Avhat

ascribed

it

the

by

observations

account

of its medicinal

Hhases

derives

almost

they

all

some

call

is

as

have

the

long

Avritten
their

applied

or

list

author's

our

and

it,

on

opinions.

deobstruent
in

fomentations.

The

great
same

ply
sup-

Avicenna^s

importance.

particularlyfull, (ii,2, 440.)

information

his

Nymphsea

some

comprehended

from

(Cont. 1. ult. i,435.) Serapiou copiesaltogetherfrom

and
Galen
(De Simpl. 74.)

Which

is

Ai'abians, who, however,

of any

powers

which

pilosus, or

enumerating

internally,and
in

these,

it

emmenagogue

an

upon

to

the

exposition of

an

complaints

external

was

Dioscorides

there

known,

applicable,but

is
of

as

in

agree

sum

here

relied

additional

Galen

the

enter

not

was

whether

lupine

the

embraces

need

well

probable, whether

more

and

which

to

cases

account
we

species;

Dioscorides

both.
of

the

to

as

be

principallyused,

one

of

and

sativus

of

days

former

the

Though

Quincy.

our

lupine, the
the

from

in medicine

used

were
sylvestris,

of the

varieties

Two

Commentary.

CoMM.

Filix,Female

the

Greeks.

Dioscorides

Fern,

is like

the

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

broad

round

and

There

phrastus recommends
in

it, concur
it down

sets

it

as

assigning

medicine

as

The

abortion.

occasion

it still held

an

this

utero.

authorities

calculated
of

powder

that

In

equivocal place

in the

P.

Dioscorides

'

'
"

of
also

and
sterility

days

the

Comm.

ix,

treat

it is recommended

sores.

the

Theo-

(H.

induce

to

it to

L.

medicine.

faculty.

ill-conditioned

application to

in

refer

Polypodhun,

or

all the
it

to

it kills the

foetus

to

reason

vermifuge

wine

belly.

every

and

Galen, Avicenna,

20.)

the

seems

with

destroys the

fcemina, Bernh.,

Filix

Asplenium

soften

eaten,

Commentary.

drunk

It also

worms.

leaves,when

Its

When

properties.

in all its

fern

137

as

of

an

Quincy

Dispensatory.

Pastoris,Shepherd's Purse, is possessedof acrid powers,

druuk
it breaks
internal
that when
abscesses, and occasions

Bursa
so
a

flow

the

of

ischiatic

menses

bile

of

amount

injectedby

the

it relieves

anus

It otherwise
to

the

acetabulum.

an

holds

Sprengel

Commentary.

Thlaspi Bursa

is the

if

by occasioning a bloody discharge.

when
drunk
upwards and downwards

disease

purges

and

Pastoris.

that

the

Dioscorides

of

O.

Comm.

describes

another

'

the
Iberis
is either
Viola
umbeUata, or the
species,which
the Thlaspi as
a
laiifoJia. Pliny recommends
phlegmagogue
Dioscorides
and
cholagogue. (H. N. xx^di, 113.)
assigns it
the

character, and

same

Our

author

emetic
and

length

The

carminative.

late date.

See

but

therefore

suits

thirst.

When

libidinous
diluent

of

than

with
taken

dreams.
the

it is

Galen.
virtues

emmenagogue.

A^dcenna
of

dwells

at

Thlaspi, calling it

anthelminthic, emmenagogue,
held
a
Thlaspi arvense
place in the
characters

of

the

T., down

ancient

Quincy (Compl. Engl. Dispens. 66.)

Lactuca, Lettuce, is
so,

that

also

all the

Dispensatory, with
to

the

upon

purgative,and

and

holds

closely from

copies

considerable

also

the

juicy and

potherb, yet
of

temperament

hot
in

cold

The

other, and

infusion
wild

it stops

lettuce

is also

more

spring
and

inflammations,
an

'

'

Dioscorides

is

not

water.

also

juicy.

It

quenches

gonorrhoea

less

tremely
ex-

cooling

and
and

138

SIMPLES.

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

The

'
"

wild

sativa

the

stated

in another

cultivated

the

L.

powers

of lettuce.

Athen.

(Deipnos,ii,80, ed.
Alim.

(De

Facul.

kind

virosa.

is

The

well

place,were
See

[book

certainlythe
ancients^
with

acquainted

Celsus

VII.

Lactuca

as

have

Ave

the

hypnotic
(ii,164);

Dioscorides
j

(ii,
32)
Schweig.); Pliny (xix,38); Galen
Geopon. (xii,13); Aetius
(i,168);

ii,40);

Floridus
Sjaneon Seth (De Alimentis); Macer
(De Herb,
vir.);
Serapion (De Simpl. ex Plant.) According to Dioscorides, it is
also anaphrodisiac,and removes
the
somni.
pollutio nocturni
One

of

and

Serapion^sArabian
of them

another

its medicinal

derived

from

highly
Rhases
but

in

be

all

of

and

mind,

its milk

nearly

and

in

hot

gives

the

an

of

purgative, and
Vienna,

that

years,
the

great

been

both

restored
of

works

of the

day,

stated

the

it

the

the

the

be

medicinal

also

that

the
in

sativa

that

makes

is

and

the

We

need
of

have,

late

reference

other

ancients

i,

Avicenna

Upon

and

1. ult.

Collin, of

poppy.

virosa

it to

hydragogue

late Dr.

Medica.

of both

vu-tues

its powers,

dropsies.

black

the

]Materia

seen

He

lettuce

speaks

2, 441.)
(ii,

eyes,

wild

an

mends
recom-

alexipharmic. (Cont.

Orfila, Paris, Pereira,

will

He

Avicenna.

success

L.

the

to

soleil.

descriptionof

and

main

watchfulness,

excellent
as

the

and

plant,

of

wild, in virtue, resembles

scarcelysay

is in

nature, in

de

mention

may

it with

gave

the

says

we

hot

account

represents it to be

sedative

that

states

Avicenna's

affections

soporific,anaphrodisiac,
Dioscorides

He

coup

terms

same

jaundice;
unpleasant effects

but
interesting,

say,

in

it in

dispelsthe

Galen.

complaints

likewise

386.)

to

is very

is to

that

it

commends

(De Simpl. 240.)

Dioscorides

it in

of

says

virtues

eminently cold,
alienation

that

intoxication.

produced by
of

authorities

authorities

had

correctly

species.

Gv/xog,
Thyme,

Thymus,
also incides

'
*

viscid

to

be

the

and

and

thick

We

have

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

heats

dries

Tliymus vulgaris.

authorities,down
of

it.

of desiccants

Galen
and

even

says

the

third

degree.

It

humours.
little hesitation
Dioscorides
and

expectorant, diuretic,emmenagogue,
the

in

to

modern

it is to be

calefacients.

He

in

states

describing it
that

discutient

times,

thyme
;

this

confirm

placed in
recommends

the

and

third
it

as

is
all

racter
chaorder

being

SIMPLES.

140

Commentary.

CoMM.

Chamelcea

The

of

the

three

Dwarf

Laurel,
in

woods

the

will

place.

melsea

of

"

whose

ancients

fruit

which

grows

of

Chamelfea,

the

is

is the

is the

kokkoq

the

in

its

effects

will treat

We

3.)

Idsea
it

Daphne

Root

its

ThyMed.

the Mat.

Dr.

Pereii'a

sour

For

under

says,

may

be

and

Pereira,

seen

D.

(Toxicol,ii,

Coccus

rheumatic

and

the

account

an

gnidius.

and

to taste

as

of

those

Orfila

see

Airtues

being

hemorrhages
applied externally.
As

or

flax-leaved

or

on

it.

the

that

Gnidium, L.,

economy,

of its medicinal

Commentary.

CoMM.

Flax,

Gu^uEAcua,or Thymelaea of Dioscorides^

Gnidium
kv'i^ioq,
or
berry, used by

with

or

grows

]Mezerion, in

or

best authorities

respecting

animal

Idcean

Radix,

agrees

drunk

the

on

femina

of France.

south

decidedly of opinion

is

conclusion

same

Laureola

or

similar
to
Hippocrates. Its properties are
Mezereon."
(Elements of ]\Iat. Med.
807.)
of

are

L.

Spurc/e Olive, which

or

of the latest and

Gnidium

Daphne

There

2)A,the Thymelrea, Spurge

Sprengel

one

the

Chamelffia^

Mezereon,

further

the

the

to

the

2d,

Wail,

treat

daphne, and

Germany;

proper

comes

or

Widoiv

Mountain

matter

lowing
fol-

the

by

L. Mas,
or
officinalis,
Spurge Laurel, Avhich grows in hedges and

true

plentifullyin

partly removed
given by Alston.

vii.

and

tlie Thymelsea

about

be

may

Laureola, 1st,

England

namely,

We

the

of

species

confusion

ancients

of

account

[book

powers,

affections

when

referring to Bauhin,

upon

'
'

Woodville,
have
but

been
the

the

bowels

(iv,44.)
like manner,

the

far

as

and

Pliny

xxvii,69.)
As

to hold

disposed

this

translates

borrows
we

Arabians

the

and

even

in the

from

the

Mat.

Idsea

days

authorities

the Arbutus

Uva

Ursi

Alexandrina,

recommends

it in

of

Galen

descriptionof

discover

can

his

the

Laurus

chapter

copies from

author

Our

the

the

of

in all kinds

and

womb,

several

plant for

probabilityis that it was

amplexifolia. Dioscorides

Uvularia
from

Sprengel,

of

the

and

or

fluxes

hemorrhage,

Dioscoiides.
;

(H.

N.

Oribasius,

plant

Radix

is not

of

jNIatthiolus

from

treated
it had

in

him.
of

by

appeared
dis-

Med.

IcOLOC.

Sudor,

Sweat

it is troublesome

to

collect

by

itself ; but

SIMPLES.

m.J

SECT.

is mixed

witli tlie

palestra,which

the

becomes

for inflamed
It

them.

also

softened

be

Sweat,"

animal

mode

from

is, therefore,

for

extinguishing the

with

Galen,

of

bihous

some

these

(De

of the

nature

close

Med.

of the
to

in

Thus,
often

tu'inous

an

of

account

Galen.

All

(1.c.)

from

him.

Avicenna

See

therefore,

account

certain, bear

vicarious
the

But

is

sweat

charges.
dis-

tion
perspira-

this

subject. Our

authorities,in

the

to

is not

author's

taken

from

like manner,

copy

Simpl. 466),

and

is

the

with

heating

humours
but

Thapsia,

It attracts,

acrimony.
powerfully,

is

much

and

is

cutient,
dis-

inefficacious

more

it.

Loranthus

The

Europaus,

place
to

in

the

is found

recommends

the

or

mode
it

of

principallyas

tumours
applicationto
caustic
the
ley (quicklime and

its

eflBcacy.With

an

and

shrubs.

got

from

the

Comm.
'

querciuum
earliest
that

tree, and

birdlime

other

Pliny

times

trees,

describes

xvi,94.) Dioscorides
(H.
agglutinativeand attractive
N.

sores.

potass)he

orpiment

the

mentions

pear

of certain

preparing it.

indolent

from

Dioscorides
the

is

Yiscum

The

INIedica

apple tree,
roots

Birdlime,

or

jNIisseltoe.

jMateria

the

upon

ordinary

Yiscum,

late date.

very

is also got from

and

propertiesof

deep-seated

the

Commentary.

down

bodies

it is

particularSerapion (De

in

Birdlime,

like

held

this

the

formed

ingenious

smell.

upon

'

elaborated, as

often

are

and

taste

other

the

and

'

"

2, 648.)
(ii,

Viscum,

than

medicinal

the

very

the

having
are

suppression of urine,

place for enlarging further

the

the

of

cases

in

acquiring also

more

urine, which,

another,

one

and

intervening
is

in

it must

formed

both

for

is

sweat

This

and

sweat

fluids

urine,

many

Simpl. x.)

analogy

has

so

heat

Perspu'ation.Comm.

materials, and

the

powerful

dry

of

being heated,

But

having passed through

skin."

in

roses.

the

same

the

as

if too

matter

of

the

formation,

property.

the

one

but

oil of

or

is

"

liquidsdrunk,

the

buboes

privet or

body, consistingof

same

tliemselves

nipples,and

Siveat,

says

exercise

It

oil of

Commentary.
"

who

discutient.

answers

with

those

powder, being only repellent before, thns

altogether

remedy

of

powder

141

and

When
says

mixed
birdHme

saudai'ach, and

with
creases
in-

applied

'
*

SIMPLES.

142

in

CoMM.

cataplasm, it

draws

off

[book

diseased

nails,

vii.

Galen

93.)
(iii,

'

'

remarks

into

that, like Thapsia, its calefaeient

immediate

of this

Avicenna

in the

not

come

authorities,in treating

and

and

(ii,2, 717),
is retained

album

other

Dioscorides

substance, follow

Yiscum

The

operation.

do

powers

Galeu.

Ebn

Baithar

modern

in

See

ticular
parThe

(i,410.)

Greek

Pharmacopoeia.

(Athens, 1837, 167.)

'

'I

Viola, the Violet

for theii*
Commentary.

CoMM.
"

'
'

There

it

in ardor

is the

Viola

epilepsy of

children,

externallyin the

Ai'abian

authorities

A^icenna

recommends

and

extend

diuretic, and

as

the

of
a

of from

Ebn

three

may

render

by mixing

the

medicine

common

Greek

kind, and

Pharmacopoeia
Galen

Dioscorides

recommend
describes

The
the

was

the

merely

commends
re-

The

tliis article.

Thus,

stomach, both

nally
inter-

the

kidneys

See

also

(i,170.)
drachms.

without

Rhases

it is laxative

(De Simpl. 141.)

the

quality to
only

as

Serapion, on

fui'ther of it that

little of it with

detergent
it

That

indisputable.

seems

bitter

internallyin

Dioscorides.

of

pains

seven

lapsus
pro-

coughs, pleurisies,and

corrosive,not

but

Co:mmentary.

CoMM.

in

Baithar

to

discutient,cathartic,and
flesh

for

Mesuai, says

iErugo, Verdigris,has
hard

the

and

eyes,

Galen

as

of

calls

application

taken

2, 715.)
cholagogue. (ii,

authorityof Aben
in doses

the

been

of

syrup
;

of

cases

purple

violet,see

external

an

use

heat

lungs

(Cont. 1. ult. 3, 21), and

the

same

the

Dioscorides

(iv,120.)

the

it in

externally; in

affections

stance
sub-

(Hierobotanicou in

H.)

as

mentions, that it had

it

other

H.

and

and

quinsy

coldish

that the

On

Celsius

stomach, inflammation

doubt

no

or

Odorata.

of the

ani

and

be little

can

Dudaim) ; also Sprengel (R.

and
recommends
it
refrigerant,

voce

and

watery

interestingdisquisitionby

most

the

have

prevailingingredient.

violet of Dioscorides
a

its leaves

taste, being

of soft but
much

also of

cerate,

one

pungency.

jErugo JEris,

or

A'erdigiis,

scraped verdigris (iogt^cjToq)was

name

is still retained

in the

modern

(61.) Hippocrates, Dioscorides, Pliny,

verdigrisin complaints of the eyes.
very

minutely

the

process

for

preparing

SIMPLES.

111.]

SECT.

which
verdigris,
in

is not
He

France.

gives

He
it is

which

gated

sores

and

which

call

they

other

authorities, they

ulcers

and

739), and

44) ;

Ebn

of

of

the

now

and

subtiUs,but

it

and

it with

relieves

funthem.
the

kinds,

two

almost

borrow

Like

Galen.

Avicenna

See

the

intractable

principally in

eyelids.

in

cases

of

the

'

quainted.
unac-

the

give much

fully of

treat

apply

species_,

also writes

Dioscorides

from

diseases

are

authorities

Greek

rasilis

Greek

in

we

'

'

another

cerates, it cleanses

with

Arabians

JErvgo

all tlieii-information

which

practisedComm.

now

lightlyapplied it

diluted

of it. The

account

of

Galen

when

says,

The

(De Simpl. ix.)

same

an

when

is

interesting account

applicable,(v,92.)

great precision. He

Trhich

mention

makes

Scolecia, with

^rugo

the

namely,

that

unlike

very

also

143

(ii,2,

(Pract. ii,

Serapion (De Simpl. 383) ; Haly Abbas

Baithar
(i,540.)
iTnrOKUfXTTOQ,

Hippocampus,

is

thicken

the hair

Commentary.

It

burnt

^lian

ccnnpvs.

animal, the

sea

ashes

in

with

alopecia,along
is,indisputably,our
that

relates

it has

which

liquidpitch.

proved useful

xiv, 20.)
(Hist. Anim.
The
Arabians
Dioscorides
(ii,
3.)

when

SyngnatJius HippoOur

hydrophobia.
from

of

do

in

author

Comm.

of

cases

borrows
of it.

not

treat

in

marshes, being

ImroXaTTaOov,

Hippolapathum,

This

CoMMENTAKY.

articlc,which

HydrolaputJium, is treated

Rumex

by

Burdock, grows

Burdock.

the

like

Horse

the

other

authorities.

See

would

of

in

the

Dioscorides

same

be

to

seem

brief

the

Comm.

terms

(i,141.)

].TnroixdoaOQOV,
Horse

Ilippomarathrum,
the Cachrys is more
It
but

Fennel
desiccant

variety which

than

the

that

species which

has

seed

respects, but

Commentary.

There

species is
author

the

Cachrys

like

bles
resem-

Fennel.

common

and
is,therefore, astringent,lithontriptic,

like it in other

Our

that

emmenagogue

coriander

seed, is also

weaker.

is
Sicula.

copies closely from

little
The

doubt
other

Dioscorides

that

the

former

is undetermined.

(iii,
76)

and

the

Comm.
'

'
'

SIMPLES.

144

follow

otliers

CoMM.
'

"
'

liis

borrow

manner,

[book
modern

The

example.

Dioscorides.

from

herbalists,in

Parkinson

See

tii.

like

(884.)

'

"T

iTTTrOTTOTOJUOg,

Hippopotamus,

Sea-horse

remedy

for the

is

drunk,

This

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

"

phibius,

'

Most

of

bites

notice

brief

the

authorities

other

dried

and

reptiles.
of the Hippopotamus
from

AYater-horse, is taken

or

of

testicle, when

its

Dioscorides

omitted

have

am-

(ii,25.)

it.

fTTTTOtyEXtVOl',

Hipposelinum,
those

parsley,but

CoMMEXTARY.

CoMM.
'

of

Horse

has

Parsley,

propertiesresembling

weaker.
It is the

Smyrnium

Olusatrum, according

to

'

Dioscorides
as

of

it

beneficial

in

brieflyhke

Selinum

under

it to

represents

proving

treat

be

rigors, (iii,71.)
author.

our

that

on

desiccant, without
the

defluxions

'
"

to

when

E.

both,

Dioscorides.

The

the

Equisetum

Avicenna

and

in

Aetius

Arabians

others
of

treat

as

it

ness,
bitter-

powerfully

intestinal

and

hernia,

wine-

the

Dioscorides

treats

Fhiviatile

Horse-tail.

recommends

recommends

corresponds

Equisetum

the

English

latter,who

time

same

in

in fact, only borrow

Galen, especiallythe

Dioscorides

the

agglutinant, therefore, of

speciesof

Apuleius

blood.

But

first

with

is marked

Limosum.

spitting of

useful

drunk

is called

the

It is
is

The

Sprengel, which
is the

and

author's, and

our

and

Galen

astringent qualitieswith

pungency.

Commentary.

CoMM.

diuretic,and

it is at

account

largest wounds,

cures

authorities.

[Apium.)

Hippomis, Horse-tail,has
and

The

best
and

emmenagogue

'T
LTnrOVOLQ,

"

all the

Dierbach, Stackhouse, Sprengel, and

it in
it in
from
of it

The

by

other

dysenteryand
the

same

plaints.
com-

Dioscorides

and

fullythan

more

Arabians

of
account
give exactly the same
they professto borrow everything from
See in particularSerapion (137),and

indeed
Galen.

(ii,2, 200.)

iTTTTO^oEg
J/
HippophaeSj

used

for

\~7r

scouring

0(paioc,
clothes.

It

is

branchy

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

shrub,

the

like

those

the

flour

of

root

of

which

145

contains

obokis

One

Thapsia.

juiceswhich
of

the

extracted

are

juice mixed

with

of tares, purges

phlegm and bile ; and the whole

plant,when
dried, becomes
purgative.
Commentary.
Without
entering into the discussion reshall merely observe
that we
disgarding this plant,we
are
posed

to

with

agree

those

who

refer it to

species of

Comm.
*~^

spurge,

describes
it as being
namely, Eypfwrbia spinosa. Dioscorides
cholagogue,hydragogue, and phlegmagogue. (iii,
159.) It does
not
that it is treated
of by Galen, nor
appear
by the Arabian

authorities.

'Ip/cis calefacient,consists
Iris,Fleur-de-Iys,
and
with

is

detergent

coughs,

cleanses

ford
the

renders
ulcers.

and

Probably

Dioscorides, who

saying that

phai-mic;
of

in

and

it

water

cuates
eva-

as

Avicenna^s

Iris

Germa-

treated

of

first article

speciesof

of

it

as

an

it,and
useful

are

by
by

concludes
for many

external

'
^

poses.
pur-

apphcation

as

in

alexiand
others

copiously,with the exception of

One
of Serapion'sArabian
ties,
authoriit purges
yellow bile and black bile,

in obstructions

sternutatory

characters

Comm.

less

]\Iesuai,says
a

the

'

is the

ulcers,and

Avicenna.

is deobstruent
it

tormina,

honeyed

comprehends

them

and

virtues

and

Aben
and

ticles,
par-

agrees

and
being soporific
drunk
with wine
as
proving emmenagogue,
The
pessaries,malagmata, and acopa.

when

its

Serapion

therefore

cures

easy,

with

full account

recommends

applied

treat

different

diseases

it

It

gives a

the

He

also

drunk

/. Florentina.

cutaneous

digestive.

expectoration
When

It

subtile

bowels.

Commentary.
nica

and

of very

and

of the

of the

liver.

He

masticatory. (De

Iris

in the

are

main

also

tions
men-

Simpl. 189.)
derived

from

Dioscorides,but

teresting.
altogetherhis descriptionof it is very inHe
recommends
it very particularly
in diseases of
the rectum
and uterus, both when
administered
internallyand
in
a
also represents it as
hip-bath. He
proving useful in
and
in
the
He
gonorrhoea,
somni.
cludes
conpollutio nocturni
by calhng it a general alexipharmic (ii,
2, 31-9.) The
of

root

the

the

Florentine

practice of

Boerhaave.
ni.

medicine

Iris
down

It is still kept

Flower

or

to

in the

de

Luce,

late date.

shops, and

See
has

used

was

Quincy
the
10

in
and

charac-

SIMPLES,

146

of

ter

CoMM.

being

drastic

[book

Gray, Suppl.

hydragogue.

vir.

Pliar-

to

'

'

It

(251.)

'

macop.

retains

in

place

Modern

the

Greek

Pharmacopoeia.
laciTig.

Isatis, Woad
desiccative
of these

is

the

hemorrhages,

pungent, and

more

purposes

it is useful

and

Isatis

Isatis Tinctoria.
is

also
The

Our

spurious.
Galen, who

has

Glastum

seu

internallyas

the

commends

the

47)

and

indigo

reason

certain

with

strong.

Of

of
of the

pounded
Arabians,

the

the

joins Hhases

for the

cough

Woad

held

together

ancient

of

head

give a

children,

confused

(De Simpl.
pensatory
Dis-

dyeing,

articles

being

He

spleen,

place in our
Quincy (91.)

in

use

mending
recom-

bile.

of the

of Indicum.

See

two

in

black

Rliases

head

date.

these

its

sylvestre. In its external

the

used

Aetius

authorities

of it under

Serapion and

recent

long

were

is the

together by

to

probably

abridged from

these

species in affections

The

is

this head.

mixed

account

emetic

wild

(Cont. 1. ult. 370.)

down

Isatis is

Galen, and

Isatis,under

the

Virg.

It is the

passage

pleurisyarisingfrom

(ii,2, 505, 290, 299.)

of

too

et

an

lungs, and

(Ad

Gerard.

Both

be

to

sativum
and

the

Galen.

accurate

Dioscorides
it

of

most

called

is

Woad

article under

otherwise

are

its strong

to

tincture."

of the

account

barleymeal

they

follows

account

"The

blue

for all other

speciesof Dioscorides, or Sylvestris,

elaborate

gives the

Avicenna

further

second

an

or

when

leaves

desiccant, it

more

Miller, Parkinson, and

closelyfrom

bread

direct

ulcers

affords

author^s

copies still more

he

says,

wild

The

spleen.

Su'ponaria Vaccaria, L., but

the

of Nil

Martyn

means

swellings,

diseases.

being

account

of hard

cedematous

malignant

of the

Glastum, and

is of

use,

large wounds

discusses

affections

Dr.

iv, 43.) See

Ec.

that

on

in

Commentary.

CoMM.

the

but
strongly resists all humid
gangrene,
it is worse
as
being pungent.
Owing

more

powers,

of all

progress

dyers

astringency. By

some

agglutinateseven

in

use

opposes

the

it

powers

which

garden species

nature, having also

bodies, is of
and

the

"Woad

which

bably
pro-

confounded

authorities.

l(Toirvpov
j; ^acrtoXoi',
Isopyrum

or

Faseolus, (Bog Bean

?)

its seed

is bitter

and

SIMPLES.

148

Aetius

CoMM,
'

from

copies

Galen

[book
-word

almost

word.

for

The

vii.

Ara-

'

bians

fully

treat

See

masters.

319,

677)

122.)

In

but

iu the

(Cont. 1.

Rhases

(De

modem

Greek

stand

alba

It

well

answers

'
"

author

for the
of

described

got

from

was

the

Herodotus,

work

of

Antacseus,
See

the

modern

Greek

the

Huso, IchthyocoUa

It would
He

to be

appear

mention

makes

the

The
of

supply

it under

the

the

Paulus.

as

1. ult.

gluten

the

same

the

as

varieties

A.

(H.

makes
of

from

The

recommend

Hhases

xvii,32.)

(ii,2, 202)

treat

recommend

Serapion (c.138)

count
ac-

Dioscorides.

Arabians

it in

the

carens.

author^s

isinglass.Our

aud

Huso.

tuberculis

^han.

of

name

be

mostly copied

our

fish described
on

Artedi

Acipenser

gluten,

for

commentary

(83.)

information.
of

head

or

large

under

to

glutinati
ag-

and

it in

Greeks, quoting Dioscorides, Galen,

and

Serapion

Avicenna

See

the

his

the

of
o^upu'y^oc

additional

general

cases

same

caUs

vii'tues is

no

The

in

Antacaus
he

of its

of its medicinal
others

Huso.

desic-

prepared

Dioscorides

by

Pharmacopceia

species of Acipenser,which

Salix

face.

the

geographer,

and

(i,

the

cephalic and

are

from

probably, nearly

most

was,

both

of

which

Eustathius,

the

Dionysius

(ii,2,

Baithar

emplastic and

are

Acipenser

and

Ebn

'nea.

those

That

Grecian

A^icenna

composition

wrinkles

bv
the

ancient

also for remonng

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

2, 250)

its powers

plasters, and
leprosy;

ult.

their

as

Pharmacopoeia

for the

IchthyocoUa, Fish-give ;
cant.

terms

same

Simpl. 136)

Serapiou

the

fragilisand

of it

aud

haemoptysis.

Rhases

(Cont.

i,336.)
Kaicai'oc,
; its root

Cacanus
also

windpipe
and

canth
CoMM.

in

linctus

We

are

it reheves

hence

with

desiccative

wine,

and

and

roughness
chewed

when

not

like

gent,
punof

the

traga-

liquorice.
It is not

Theophrastus, Aetius,
Paulus

moderately

emplastic, and

Commentary.

and

is

nor

has

or

any

by Dioscorides, Pliny,

mentioned

any
one

unable, therefore, to

other
of the

ancient

author

commentators

determine

anything

but

Galen

noticed
for

it.

certain

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

respecting it.

But

medicinal

the

same

the

Cacanus,

it

the

to

powers

and

Pliny

Cacalia

evidentlyborrows

ascribe

nearly Comm.

author

our

as

that

improbable

not

author

Our

identical.

Dioscoricles

as

seems

149

have

they

may

from

Galen.

'

'

does

'

to

been

KayKajuov,
it is the

Cancamum;

of

tear

myrrh, fragrant,and hence

of extenuating fat bodies,

used

Dioscorides

Commentary.

It has

in

perfumes.
detergent and

is

and

wood, resembhng

Arabian

an

power

deobstruent.

portion of

of it in the

treats

the

his

Comm.
'

devoted

work

having

wood,
in

the

Of

Med.

it is most

that

given

in

Arabian

an

which

used

was

calls it

emmena-

and
asthmatic, epileptic,
in

cleanser

as

diseases

Galen

has

Avicenna

it from

omitted

is the

of

his JNIat.
has

who

authority

of a bad taste
distinctly.He calls it a gum
the region of the west.
of
which
is brought from
(This account
the country which
suspicion that he
produces it may warrant
of it most

treated

or

it with

confounded

had

He

Spain.)

sandaracha

other

some

of

says

it,that

vernix?).

(gum

In

the

gum,

had

some

giving its

production

of

confounded

it with

Dioscorides
(ii, 2, 382.) It
copies closely from
from
this imperfect description of the
Cancamum,
it appHes to ; probably either to Gum
anime
There

elemi.
have

done,

seems

Lacca

to

Katef, as

Amyris

good ground

no

to

nor

Sprengel

some

does.

Italy

virtues,he

medicinal

is

doubtful,
what

stance
sub-

to

or

Gum

for

referringit, as some
nondescript speciesof the

(Ad

1.

Dioscor.

c.)

Kao^ita,

Cadmia,
which
and

is called
the

the

bodies, which

for

both

kinds

Botryitis,consists

desiccant

also useful
in

Placitis,of

becomes

and

Calamine

and

sores

whole
are

require stronger

the

grosser.

of it
of the

desiccant, but

are
more

When

detergent, without

subtile

calamine

more
means.

humid,

for

those

burnt,

it

and

is

pungency,

requiring to be filled up, about

body, more
particularlythose
upon

that

particles,

is

the
on

harder

'
'

applicablefor fungous
particularly

(i,23.)

Arabians,

of

tear

He

storax.

it is useful

says

toothache,

and

it is

the

myrrh,

to

and

myrrh

that
;

eye ; but

gums

with

mentions

splenetic cases
the

resemblance

some

fumigations

gogue

aromatics, calling it

to

eyes

softer
bodies

SIMPLES.

150

Commentary.

CoMM.

[book

this head

Under

do

cannot

we

VII.

than

better

'
'

in the

first

the

by
has

learned

been

Ka^l^dm

the

out

of

he

were

of

latter

or

Oxydimi

which
the

varieties

Cleavland's
distinct

he says

was

ore

an

perhaps is the same

2, 6,) The botryitalor
(ii,
Cadmia
the
fornacis sen
The

mouths

the

at

and

coarser

of

former

the

same,

Capnifis

heavier

calamine,

grains.

of

cadmia

called

now

naces,
fur-

by

"the

Mineralogy' (656, 657.)

Dioscorides

oxide

of zinc"

description

of

the

and

in

being
of the

preparations

and

carbonate

siliceous
'

mentions

this

these

all

two

which

island

Plinj^,besides

Galen,

impurmn.

consistingof

from

mineralogists"the
very

Galen.^^

Tutty,

Zinci

prepared, are

and

made,

in the

found

and

cerosus,

merely varieties of the

fine powder, collected
a

the

See

Lapis

was

was

is the

minerals

gives

of

lapidosa of

cadmia

of zinc."

while

stony.

or

Dioscorides

of

name

Cadmia

and

were

brass

substance

\iQm^i]q

terms

copper

factitia. It

native

cadmia

the

of which

The

arise from

which

other

the

which

by

shape

by

appliedit to two substances, one which comes

with the cadmia
is the same
(chalcos ?),which
;

clustered

the

understood

in

factitious

witli the

Cadmia

name

Dioscorides

things.

given

Galen

Cyprus,

Placitis

several

cadmia

The

"

GeofFroy.

accurate

recrements

brass

another

ancient

of the

account

melting

the

Dioscorides
of

and

applied to

the furnace.
from

the

place copy

which

cadmia.

he

commends
re-

dies
principallyin the composition of ophthalmic remeand is
of it is to the same
efl^ect,
(v, 84.) Galen's account
couched
in his peculiarlogicallanguage. (De Simpl. ix.) The
and
the other
Arabians
descriptionof cadmia
give a confused
substances
in medical
mineral
used
practice.
by the Greeks

2, 163, 164) ; Serapion (418) ; Rhases

(Cont.
(ii,
of
the cadmia
I. ult. i,150.)
For an
elaborate
on
disquisition
ventions.'
the ancients, we
History of Inbeg to refer to Beckmann's
See

Avicenna

'

Ka/cfcoXta,
Caccalia
CoMM.

its powers

Commentary.

See

and

are

use

like the

Cacanus.

Cacanus.

under

KaXa^mypwcrrJCj
Calamagrostis,is
decoction

of

ophthalmic

the

desiccative

roots

remedies

of
but

it

are

its seed

wherefore,
mixed

up

as

is diuretic

juice and the

ingredientswith

its

and

stomachic.

SIMPLES.

in.]

SECT,

Calamayrostis Epiyeios Comm.

decidedly the

is

This

Commentary.

151

'

Eoth.

when

cattle

to

describes

1181) figures and

Plants,

bearing

growth ; which, he
forte Babijlonica. Neither
Arabians
The
brieflynotice it

of it.

Grameu,

Epigeios, but

our

Lobel

says,
Galen

nor

under

the

calls

of

mayrostis
Cala-

Aetius

Greeks.

the

from

but

merely copy
(De Simpl. 119), and Avicenna

or

to

luxuriant

more

species of reed-grass,

resemblance

considerable

'

variety which
(Theatre of

Parkinson

wavside.

by the

destructive

it proves

says

especiallythe

by them,

eaten

Babvlon

in

irrows

Dioscorides

Reed.

Small

or

treat

head

of Theil

See

Serapion

2, 704.)
(ii,

KaA"/tuv0r;,
Calamintha, Calamint, is of
in

third

the

much

mint

than

for it is

drying temperament

particles,is acrid, and

of subtile

degree, consists

stronger

and

hot

of wild

sort

mint.

It,

readilythe deep-seated fluids to itself,and

hence
evacuates
dropsies,and discusses swelling of the whole
in
strongly rubbed
body, and stops periodicalrigors,when
taken
internallyin a draught.
externallywith oil,and when
"When
pains of the hip-joint,
applied in a clysterit removes
therefore, attracts

impuritiesfrom the skin.

Latini ("omm.
calaminthen
Graeci
CoMMEXTARY.
Apulcius says,
R. Stephens
mentham
vocant, alii nepetam," (De Herbis.)
tria sunt
Dioscoridi
CalaminthcC
priquorum
genera,
says,
and

clears

aw^ay

"

'

"

aliud

nihil

mum

appellatur; tertium
chat."
Sprengel makes

I'herbe

du

be

to

the

Melissa

Nepeta, Scop. ; and

author's

is

calamint

Aetius, and

it

Dioscorides

and

as

attenuating and
disease.

intermittent
when

given

with

second, the Thymus

altissima.

agree

in

Our
corides,
Dios-

it

in

humours

hot

of

the

and

medichie.

expectorant

recommends

honey.

diseases

emmenagogue

elephantiasis,for
which
in

praising calamint

Dioscorides

salts and

it is

and

gross

in

useful

that

recommend

cutting the

fevers.

the

Melissa

proves

discutient

Aetius

All

Cataria,

evidentlythe first species. Galen,

Serapion, like Paulus, describe it as

all, also, say

They

recommend

the

third, the

medicine, which

acrid

joints.

the

herba

corides
first species of Dios-

the

Cretica, L.

secundum

nostra

est

Nepeta

Latino

and

Calamenthum

vulgare

quam

it

as

give rise
the
a

cure

to

of

vermifuge

Dioscorides, and, after him.

'

SIMPLES.

152

CoMM.

and

Aetius
when

in asthmatic

very

but

it

to

elaborate

He

agrees

and

holds

with

said that

in

struent

praises it
Arabian

as

and

authorities

it

as

(v, 277.)
Dierbach.
in

also

It
The

used.

See

the

kinds

IMedica

the

late

KaAa^ioc

has

with

it

The
darts

'

ancients
in

are

and

is the

green

of

root

Commentary.

CoMM.

animals.

Toiu-nefort^s

See

are

retained

long

were

kinds

kind

one

have
still to

was

nearly

been

found

be

Gray's Supplement

of subtile

and

those

in
the

to

desiccant

and
particles,

it,when

prepared

phragmitis

is

is mixed
liver

for the

detergent,but
the

moderately cooling,and

burnt, is heating and

it,when

of

extract

'

of

mends
recom-

venomous

is,therefore, diuretic,and

species called

leaves

degree.

"

It

The

the

other

the

apiviiiaTiKog,

remedies, and

womb.

He

Hippocratica.'' See

Flora

all the

stomachic

and

bark

of

It also consists

order.

astringency.

some

up

of

Aromaticus, Siveet-cane,is heating and

second

deob-

as

viscera.

recentlyonly

See

shops of apothecaries.
Pharmacopoeia (p.47.)

Calamus

poUutio

Celsus, who

moderns.

INIore

the

in the

'

Dispensatories,but

our

it

None

of calaminth

of

Of

Quincy.

from

discarded

the

of the

of

bites

the
in

(i,6, 4.)

Medica

Materia

in

occurs

three

INIateria

the

emmenagogue,

removes

mentastrum'^

"

remedy

masters.

so

is to
the

importance

Grecian

and

(ii,2, 154.)

lengthy

fullyof this article as Avicenna.

consulting. (Contin. 1. ult. i, 466.)
say, the first species of Dioscorides,

treat

be

to

appear

from

obstructions

stomachic,

calamint, that

would

his

it is diuretic

other

Rhases, however, is worth

The

anything

applied

calamint

of

of

and

it is also

gives

also, like them, commends

He

and

species

and
anaphrodisiacal,

it is

jaundice

three

drew

Galen

that

agree

Avicenna

adds

he

he

that

them

that

All

the

of

vrhich

somni.

nocturni

abortion.

it.

internally

taken

vit.

calamint-water,

in

vrorms

complaints.

be

information

the

when

account

hardly

can

kills

ear,

it procures

pessary,

and

the

affirm that

both

beneficial

authorities^say that

the

into

injected

Dioscorides
on

of

otlier

[book

desiccant

applied with

the

in

third

bulbi, is said

to

thorns.

Having

above

Pseudacorus,

Acorus

stating that

shown

we

agree

with

we

the

that
need
older

the
have

acorns

of the

tation
little hesi-

authorities,who

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

present article

the

refer

153

Dr.

Calamus.

tlie Acorus

to

Royle, Comm.
'

The

and

(j"oayi.uTr}^

Phragmites,

Ariindo

them

especiallythe

latter.

desiccative

that

holds

he

they

do

not

the

doubt

no

occur

The

collection.

as

and

Although

aromaticus.

is

found

now

in

occurs

growing

as

get it

would
Greek

modern

the

India,

of

native

Romans

the

likelythat

It

Alexandria.

through

being

as

(v, 24), was

of Celsus

Alexandrinus

states, it is

Dioscorides

them

alexipharmic. (ii,2, 64.) The

in the Hippocratic
articles of medicine

Calamus

C.

virtues

other

and

diuretic, emmenagogue,
calami

reeds, borrow

among

commends

possess,

it is

copies mostly

manner,

Avicenna,

Thus

Dioscorides.

closelyfrom

more

volatility,

some

Arabians, in treating of these

The

Galen.

which

Aetius, in like

the

that

aromaticus

of the

says

Galen, and

and

calefacient,and that it has

than

aromatics.

like all the

from

Galen

follows

author

Our

Dioscorides

given by

descriptionof
more

Reed.

Common

or

aroma-

Lindley (Veg. Kiugd. 133.)

author
is decidedly the
our

(34) and

of Dioscorides

Calamus

Andropogon

the

was

Med.

Hindoo

See

ticus.

it

that

holds

however,

macopoeia,
Phar-

Laconia.

in

KojUTrai,
Caterpillar'
; those

Erucse,
with

said

oil, are

to

from

preserve

rubbed

potherbs, when

upon

of

bites

the

in

venomous

animals.

curately

described

Aristotle

(H.

A.

v,

of these

account

(ii,64.)

by

20), and

erucse

Cantharides; those
and

zones,

for

used

scabious

them

many

corrosive

with

and

diuretic

Commentary.
which

is found

Meloe

vesicatorius

relieve

For, with

remedies, and

is

corn

give them
and

Dioscorides
among

mix

Some

to

commonly

be

Galen
used

found

of them.

hot

vinegar,are

they

cast

small

off

They

afiections.

quantity of

in this form.
direct

the

medicinally.
upon

rides
Diosco-

pale,transverse

cerate,

scabious

clavi and

caustic.

of

steam

Comm.

author's

from

treat

wheat, have

the

ac-

also

See

v.)

for Avord

authorities

among

by

PI.

xi,32.) Our

N.

word

other

purposes.

nails,and

also

are

found

suffocated

being

Pliny (H.

is taken

of the

Few

(C.

Theophrastus

Caterpillar is

of

metamorphosis

The

Commentary.

trees, such

speciesComm.
As
as

the
the

'
'

aud

fraxinus, sambuchus,

CoMM.
'

[book

SIMPLES,

154

from
human
It

frame

that

be

agreed

now

of

all

by

is the

The
in

Medica,
See

vesicatorius.
of

Hindoos.

the

ancients

killingthem

with

with

up

leprosy,and
applied in
and

wings
we

feet

nearly

using only
he

cantharis

the

the

Foes;

De

Intern.

(199,

ed.

notices

(De

the

Curat.

Morb.

give

from

Avicenua
on

his

(ii,2, 201),
own

cantharides

are

and

in

the

is the

Chron.

treating of cantharides, borrow

Dioscorides

the

Nat.

use

and
Rhases

first
of

See

(Cont.

The

Celsus.

far

as
as

as

facient.
rube-

Arabians,

information

we

in

they

Serapion (c. 441),

1. ult.

are

565, ed.
of

author,

the

ed.

account

Mulier.

i, 162.)

administered
We

In

tioned
frequently men-

works

i, 4.)

Galen.

of

463,
(ii,
same

cantharides

nearly all

authority,affirms, that
cleanse the kidneys.

Instead

diuretic,

(De

external

the
body
and
buprestis

by Dioscorides,

treatises

552),

say,

(De Simpl. xi.)

safe

is to
of

the

mentioned

Cantharides

Ai-etseus

Milligau.)

who

know,

Affect.

Their

cantharis

give nearly

Galen.

as

Hippocratic

in

be

it to

Oribasius

and

Aetius

Basil.)

held

he

diuretics.

antidotal,that

insect.

whole

the

rides
cantha-

Dioscorides.

as

are

that

relate

of

tharides
can-

when

emmenagogue

adds,

be

feet,as

and

used

he

also

of the

terms

the

diseases,

cancerous

cure

operation

treats

same

wings

doses

moderate

of

the

that

says

the

Galen

the

hence

are

said to

counteract

to

calefacient,and

he

some,

further

are

says

dropsies,by acting as

in

65, 66.)
(ii,

very

and

pessary;

suppose,

insect,
in

Dioscorides

that

agrius; they

lichen

in

use

fly

The

prepared, namely, by

vinegar.

medicines

the

beneficial

are

of

fumes

the

tellini

ii, 417.)

medicinal

now

septic,ulcerative,and

are

mixed

Spanish flyis

the

as

the Meloe

than

Ind.

for

the

by

Dioscorides

It is the

(Mat.

cantharides

the

prepared

manner

same

Ainslie

See

ing
blister-

and

by

other

no

this work.

of

Book

is included

been

have

can

Mylabris

(Mat. Ind.,
Pereira
(1834.)

and

Med.),

also

which

Buprestis, however,
his Materia

Hindoo

of

judges

forming

for

plastersby the profession in Constantinople

Ainslie
See
native
practitionersin Hindostan.
i, 622), Royle (Antiq.

alike.

competent

ancients

the

the

upon

much

very

is still used

Fusselini, which

M.

or

been

have

upon

cantharis

effects

their

yet

to

appear

medicinal

the

Cichorii

would

to

appears

aud

cantharis,

ancient

the

evidently ditfereut

it is

ligustrum,

vii.

rather

in small

Rhases
doses

surprised to

[book

SIMPLES.

156

Caparis, Caper-tree;
discusses

indurated

It

acrimony.

It

also

It

therefore

sourness.

and

when

occasions

and

cures

applied externally.
discharge of phlegm.
pains of

relieves

ulcers, and

contracts,

the

teeth,
The

in the ear.
alphos,and kills vermin
it are
possessed of similar powers,

and
of

fruit

and

its

drunk

emmenagogue,

dispelstumours
leaves

and

by

ill-conditioned

cures

purges,

-when

spleens

It is also

deterges,

condenses

astringes, and

incides, and

its root

its bitterness

by

vii.

but

weaker.

'"

'
"

"

produces our ofiicinal

that pickled capers

which
mention
that

thev

they

good

are

which,

capers,

of

gives a

very

he

the

bitterness,acrimony,
that

much

are

held

See

pharmic.

in

acrid

more

Arabians

The

and

produced

capers

article

best

medicine

that

H.

are

sess
pos-

it clears
as

of

combination

by stating
Arabia,

as

Simpl. ^-ii.)

(De

country.

of

also acts

climates, such

his

capers

we

says

and

concludes

He

(Contin. 1.

Rhases

says, is

wai-m

in

than

that

virtues

which

spleen.
by urine,

sourness.

very

the

on

He

taste, he

Their

held

say

appetite. Casiri (Bibl. A.

enlargement
by the belly and

humours

Serapion

Arabians

The

elaborate
the

are

says,

emmenagogue.

an

the

plant

gentle laxative, but

as

of the

in scu-rhous
away

capers.
act

and

Dioscorides

stomach.

the

whetters

Galen

i, 337.)

for

bad

are

the

Capparis spinosa,namely,

It is the

CoMMEXTARY.

CoMM.

aphrodisiacaland

alexi-

i, 164^),A^-icenna

2,
(ii,

ult.

Serapion (c.291.)

138), and

Kaooa^oCj
d-ess

Nasturtium,
cides

the

also

""^^^

it is

is

It

food

article

of

mostly

derived

that
venereal

it

its powers

desires.

I.

it therefore

with

other

We
Our

treated

author^s

Seth,

iSIacer
aphi'odisiacal.
are

equal to

Dioscorides

those

calls it

of

the

cress,

pro-

raw.

of

it

says,
rue

most
on

for

as

of

account

with

things.
but

powers,

is eaten

have

Symeon

Galen.

from

rubefacient, in-

proves

similar

like mustard.

indisputablya species of

was

Book

in

authorities,calls

sativum.

Lepidhim

the

possessedof

moderate

more

Commentary.

bably

is

herb

caustic

drunk

when

humours

thick

dried

the

juicy one
CoMM.

of

applied externally,therefore, it

When

And

seed

the

of
the

an

it is
the
trary,
con-

repressing

alexipharmic,and

says

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

of

it, that

It

occui's

fumigations

in

157

driA^es

it

Comm.
reptiles.

venomous

away

'

'

Arabians

that

agree

(ii,
2, 502),

it evacuates

bile both

aphrodisiac

it is
until

and

intestinal

now

and

as

far

we

as

with

identical

scientific

the

got

varieties

several

however,

defined,
satisfactorily

by Pliny. (H.
and

various

coughs,

of

him.

follow
Avicenna

the

(ii,
2, 156),
and

greater

need

the

and

lesser,a

for various

is used

eben

known

it is well
purposes

epilepsy,

guarded

more

describes
stiU
at

See

Serapion's
species,

two

AVe

recognized.
the

in

authorities

of

One

in this

both

it for

day,

present

country

and

in

East.

Squilla,a Legless Lobster,

the

distinction

32),

Dioscorides.

imitate

Amram,

tioned
men-

Ind.

for

Greek

other

not

alexipharmic

an

is

being

are

(Mat.

as

Serapion (c.64.)

and

that

scarcely add

the

Comm.

are,

recommends

Galen

rather

Arabians

The

authorities, Isaac

Arabian

all

its

species

internally;

(i,5.)

time

There

four

Dioscorides

its virtues, and

enumerating

doubt

Ainslie

disease, nephritis, and

ischiatic

present

which

the

See

destroys

Cardamomum,

cardamom
than

694.)

it

ancients.

the

the

more

lithontripticmedicine,

and

the

of

the

to

reason

no

the

than

scabies.

away

Elettaria

externally and

both

pui-poses,

is

'xii,
29.)

N.

]Med.

(Mat.

Pereira

any

which

of

of

name

cardamomum

the

weaker

acrid,but

cardamom

there

see

can

See

Dispensatory.

A-inegarclears

officinal

The

that

(^Nasturtium),

cress

our

1.

They

downwards,

bitterness, by

some

with

and

worms,

Commentary.
has

also

It has

Cardamus.

(Cont.

'

Quincy.

is also

Cardamum,

Cardamomum,

Ehases

and

The

into

Gerard, Parkinson, Culpeper,

The

Serapion (c.359.)

upwards

admitted

lately,was

very

and

alexipharmic.

and

See

elaborately.

it veiy

A\dcenna

i,472),

ult.

of

treat

Dierbaeh.

See

Hippocratica.

Flora

the

in

root

of

bryony

Commentary.

when

triturated

and

drunk

with

it kills luml)rici.

The

squillabelongs

to

the

order

of

naXaKoa-

is
The
I, 91.)
suppose
(See Book
present article we
T^aKu.
of very cursorilyby the
It is treated
the
Cancer
Squilla, L.
other

authorities.

Comm.

158

SIMPLES.

[book

vii.

J^apKivog,
CVab

Cancer,
crabs

is

equally

cockles.

of

mentioned

dogs, as

with

when

rather
The

and

the

those

river-crab

would

The
be

to

appear

The

when

Dioscorides

Cancer

the

river-crab, we

feet

dote

to

and

anus,

the

bites

is the

recommends

the

of

of

work.

of this

efficacyin

known

other

authorities

imder

head.

this

with

milk

the

See

These

iii,42.)

ult.

fail when

of

additional

no

that

is beneficial

asses

fair

in

flesh

and

further.
had

he

The

trial.
of

Rhases
of

an

confidence

great

information

the

gives

affii'ms that

got

in

anti-

an

See

(ii,3, 147),

agree

most

hydrophobia,

with

he

as

also

them.

had

they

A\acenna

two

in

speaks
indeed

case,

supply

them

fish.
craw-

fissures

also

Galen

of

Galen

head.

river-crab

and

cancers,

account

this

them

use

crab,

this

application to

an

of

under

of the

animals.

the

Book

never

dies.
reme-

or
fluviatilis,

ashes

as

venomous

Galen's

their

and

of

Astacus

chilblains, and

Serapion repeats
of

them,

edible

large

treated

suppose,

interesting account
V, 3,

with

applied,ejectsthorns

Pagurus,

animal

sea

especiallyin hydrophobia,
the

sea-crabs

of desiccative

pulverised and

mad

by

of the

agree

in need

and

it proves

bitten

ashes

river-

of darts.

points

Commentary.

CoMM.

stand

of

urchins

sea

persons

indeed

not

that

substance

The

place.

who

the

its whole

applied to

in another

relieve

of

those

being extremely desiccative, do

but

crabs,

burnt

of

peculiarityof

efficacious

wonderfully

ashes

desiccative

the

By

the

interest

(Cont.

1.

river-crab

the

phthisis.

Kaooj',
Carum,
third

Caravjay

degree

is carminative

Carui.

not

and

diuretic.

from

name

from
to

Caria.

(H.

the
N.

Serapion

of

Dioscorides

being

(c. 279),

i, 178.)

cordial

Avicenna

is desiccant

the

be

seed,

of

careum

calls
The
and

but

doubt

no

xxix, 49.)

taste, digestive,"c.

character

ult.

can

is evidently

Galen.

the

only

There

It

seed

and

Commentary.

CoMM.
*

the

it

and
also

the

that

it is the

whole

Pliny, and

Om-

in the

heating

author

plant
Carum

derives

its

copies closely

diuretic, stomachic, pleasant

Arabians

further

anthelminthic

(ii,2, 137),

and

give

medicine.
Rhases

it the

(See

(Cont.

1.

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

1.59

Kao7rj""Ttoi',
It therefore

clears

and

calculi

removes

their

of the

The

Cuhehce.

own

A-isceral

away

Commentary.

consists

and

Carpesiunij is aromatic,

particles.

obstructions, proves

diuretic,

kidneys.

Arabians

identified

Rhases

(Cont. 1.

See

subtile

of

this substance

with

Comm.

i,242), Avicenna

ult.

will show
in
Serapion (c. 188.) But we
(ii,2, 131), and
mistake
their part.
another
a
on
Nothing
place that this was
have
ascertained
has been
regarding it, and we
satisfactory

pleasure in dwelling

no

and

Dioscorides

on

the

upon

of the

conjecturesof

the

tators
commen-

herbalists.

Kapuoi'j
Nux

Walnut

Juglans,

shoots, but

rind

with

astringencyin

some

The

nuts.

becomes

honey,

without

of subtile

formed

them

from

swellingsand

detergent

called

the

of

is like the

devoted

merely repeat
or

walnut, and

evident

them

But

oil

discusses
from

the

austere, but

edible
The

rancid

are

age

Pontic,

in other

of this article in the

dietetics.

See

Book

I,

described

speciesof nuts
authorities
are
e\adently the

the

two

Nux

Galen's

from

spects
re-

Avellana,

filbert.

or

description of

them.

Nux

portion Comm.

We

shall

by Paulus
Juglans,

This

is very

(Opera, ed, Basil,

Dioscorides
copies closely from him,
of the nuces
still more
circumstantially,
recommending
both
and
as
being vermifuge, and
internally
externally

ii, 88,)
treats

to

the

ancient

other

and

that

treated

have

We

work

our

the

large.

Commentary,
of

and

particles,

and
particles,

which

cine.
medi-

bile.

into

affections.

cutaneous

nut, is colder

slender

subtile

Walnuts

gangrenes.

prove

of

consists

but

pungency;

part of it being oily,is readilyconverted

the

juice of them,
stomachic

burnt, consists

it,when

desiccant

becomes

and

of

has

tree

of the

bark

boiled

therefore, when
The

in the

more

the

Our

author

curing ill-conditioned
filbert,when

triturated
for

Arabians,
information

ulcers,and

under

the
this

with

cure

axunge

of

head,

many
or

little

bear's

diseases.
grease,

(i, 178, 179.)

baldness,
do

other

more

than

condense

The
he

commends
re-

The
the

masters.
See
supplied to them by their Grecian
iu particularRhases
(ii,2, 42,
(Cont. 1. ult. i, 505), A\dcenna
Serapion (c. 1G2.) Serapion states that the nux
494), and

SIMPLES.

160

avellana

CoMM.
"

is useful

catarrhs^ and

in

'
'

of

alopecia.

Dioscorides.

[book

Here,

however,

Avicenna

and

he

applicationin

an

as

recommend

Rliases

cases

borrow

professes to

VII.

from

oil of the

the

and fistula lachryherpes esthiomenos, erysipelas,

malis.
They speak favorabh' of both as a remedy for the bites
of venomous
animals.
They also are agreed that the walnut is
hazel-nut

in

expectorant.

Kapuo^uXAoi',
substance
the
which
not
Caryophyllum, Cloves; they are
their name
might imply, but, as it were, the flowers of a tree
which
are
brought from India; like chaff, black, nearly a

finger'slength, aromatic, acrid,bitterish,hot,

in about
the third degree.
They serve
many
for condiments

and

From

Commentary.

CoMM.

other

useful

purposes

medicines.

descriptionthere

author's

our

cannot

part in acknowledging it to be
the CaryojjhyUus aromaticus, L. [i.q.),Eugenia Caryophyllata,
be

least hesitation

desiccative

and

the

convinced

that

the

of

works

Oribasius,
Whence

in

nor,

short, in

drew

his

as

equally well

are

be

is to

found

in

of

it

cannot

describingit

After
states

it to

be

be

now

ance
acquaint-

correct

very

treating of it, refers

Paulus.

author.

preceding

any

display a

author, he

our

of

knowledge

in

Avicenna,

authority but
terms

We

tliis article

those

Arabians

The

Avitli it.

same

of

mention

no

Paulus

Greek

Clove-tree.

say, the

Dioscorides, Pliny, Theophrastus, Galen, Aetius,

ascertained.

the

is to

that

Thunberg,

our

on

to

other

no

in much

hot

and

the

dry

in

degree, says it renders the breath fragrant,improves

and
patic,
hesight, and is useful in pterygium; is stomachic
and removes
2, 311.) Serapion,
vomiting and nausea,
(ii,

third

the

first quotes from

translation
of
a
treatingof the Gariofilus,
Galen
the descriptionof the
Garyophyllon given by Paulus,

in

which

he

CAddentlv
Galen

mistake, founded

into

Arabic.

to

the

cordial, aphrodisiacal,and

brought
dry, and
We
where

have

India,

from
are

not

they

been
are

effect that

able

treated

to

and

it is

of, there

is

translation

of

being

several

that

says
cloves

says

passage

from

stomachic, hepatic,

and

cordial.

find the

This

characters

digestive;
Rhases

Galen.

erroneous

gives its

(c.319.)

stomachic

both

some

on

then

He

authorities

Arabian

line for line from

is taken

afiirms

are

(Ad Mansor.
in the
some

'

it

hot

is

and

iii,22.)
'

Continens

mistake

in

the

DIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

in

the

Avicenna.

of

marginal reference
caryophyllon that

161

it is hot

and

in the

dry

degree; is the fruit of

third

cordial ;

hepatic,and

Seth

Symeon

second,

tree, and

the

Comm.
'

'

or,

is

connected

of

says

perhaps,

stomacliic,

with

humidity,
for the bowels,
but
is bad
(c. 15.) The caryophyllon also
antidotes
of the
of Myrepsus. (c.22.)
Ebn
in one
occurs
Baithar,however, is the ancient authoritywho gives the fullest
he
of cloves, which
account
represents as being useful in
diabetes

removes

strangury, in black

and

He
coughs.
says in
aphrodisiac,and hence

bile, diarrhoea, and

particularthat
the

warm

holds

also

He
and

nausea

that

they

they

uterine

are

and

uterus

chronic
and

nation.
impreg-

promote

stomachic, carminative,

are

281.)
hepatic,(ii,
JLaaaa/iiov,
Cassamum

of which

some

we

say

that

under

treated

have

it is the

that

fruit of the

balsam-tree,

word.

K-aaata,
Cassia,is heating and

in the

desiccative

third

order, consists

is acrid, and
subtile particles,
sufficiently

of

is

It

Commentary.
the

was

same

(Hierobot. in

Celsus

affirms,however, that
in

(Comment,
the

be

it to

and

cinnamon
them

from

They

are

The
the

often

another, down

as

bark

shall show

(Mat.
rolled

Ind.

up
in another

35.)
into

to

even

bark

of

it

The

'

H.

gracilis.
H., makes

got the

in the

would
of

the

scientific

between

the

the

is very
Cassia

present times.
Indian
to

appear

bazaars.
have

moderns.
like

beea

ing
Accord-

cinnamon,

Fistula

'

the

in distinguishing
difficulty

ancients

odour

now

another

one

Cassia

the

Ainslie, the

fainter.

for

sold

with

Laurus

close connexion

occasioned

Rgnea of the

thing

same

III.

cassia has

has

The

Cassia,

one

Cassia

to

the

Cassia, which

Laurus

the

Comm.

Stackhouse

unacquainted

it to

Cassia

(ad Geopon.

Spreugel,in his R.

Theophrast.)

Cinnamomum

name

refers

He

ancient

Kiddah.)

were

tringent.
as-

discutient, imparts

Xeedham

voce

ancients

the

Cinnamomum.

Laurus

See

cinnamon.

our

as

vii,13), and

and

and is also emmenagogue.

organs,
contends
Salmasius
that the

the

strength to

incisive

therefore

moderately

but

merely

was

The

Greeks, as we
fistula,or pipes.
place,were
unacquainted with tlie true
11

'

162

SIMPLES.

Cassia

CoMM.

Fistula.

Dioscorides

[book

describes

several

varieties

vii.

of

it

'

'
'

whieli

be

calls it

readilyrecognized. He
diuretic,desiccant, and mildly astringent,and
as

cannot

an

He

now

and

emmenagogue,
concludes

by saying

tliat it is useful

and
the

other

Greek

terms

same

in

and

Avicenna

under

for

powers

of

the

Arabians
ult.

says

in virtues.

He

The

the

of

absence

carpesium
described

be

may

and

in

double

when

and

part, even
in

cataphora

expels the
is
CoMM.

if

very

P.

they

as

and

is
and

being

substance

In

All

we

addition

the

the

for aS'ections

contained

genital organs.

in

of

It

all

at
state

affections

of

or

ancient

the

the

use

of

of

nerves

ceeding
pro-

readilywarms

moderate

fever, as
and

emmenagogue,
brain

authorities
beaver

castor

actions, it

ternally
applied exinjuring any other

inhaled

first to

the

excessive

when

and

in

lungs it

respiration.
describe

the

{Castor Fiber, L.)

rectifythis

in follicles situated
The

that,

Pliny (xi,43).

also

of the

when

even

testicles of

believe,was

cassia

its other

to

It is likewise

remedy,

efiicacious

the

latter

states

desiccative,with

humours.

be

lethargy.

secundines.

Matthiolus,

of

should

The

of

ix, 5), and

drunk, without

Commentary.
Castor

dose

strong
in

occurs

Galen

immoderate!}^ cooled, both

are

it has

Celsus.

(v, 11.)

quoted by

434, ed. Basil.) It is

place of it. (ii,

in

collection

in

says

cassia
of

those

cinnamon,

tenuity of parts, by which, in

suitable remedy
is rendered
a
parts which

it in diseases

is

authority

Castorium, Castor, is heating and

recommends

The

by Theophrastus (H.

from

fully.

circumstantially
namon
closelyallied to cin-

is

same

abortion.

used

it

183), Serapion (c.301),

joins Serapion

it in his list of discutients.

ranks

of

treat

Serapion^s authorities

Hippocrates,

cinnamon,

holding it
only Arabian
authority quoted by
(namely, Misib) calls it stomachic,

The

procuring

purposes.

of

describes

uterus, and

of

place

it

and
(i,12.) Galen
in nearly the
briefly,

it

he

attenuant.

Another

Serapion.

of

(Cont. 1.

head

this

hepatic, and

in

and

eyes

alexipharmic.

Rhases

works

All

and

nature

in

purposes,

cassia,which

of

of the
be

Paulus.

used

treat

recommends

otlier medicinal

(ii,2, 151.) A\icenna

kinds
in

be

for many

particularRhases

several

to

it may

authorities

as

See

for various

beatings

in

between

It

error.

the

hysteria is

anus
men-

[book

SIMPLES.

164

Dierbach

Commentary.

CoMM.

inclines

Holcus

the

to

VII.

Sorghum,

"
'

millet

called

authorities

refer

species of
other

the

principallyin
speak

Arabians
See

of

treat

of

in

down
much

to

prized by

Ainslie

Cedrus, Cedar

juniper, and
third

degree ;

without

pain ;

Juniper ;

the

oil

prepared from

the

therefore

It

the

hard

in the

gum

the

the

this

The
the

calls
oil

vernix, called
the

of

treat

by

the

or

juniper, that

Arabians.

it is useful

in

(i,105.)

Galen

headache

and

only
is

it

day

See

them, which

the

call

and

has

of

by

the

Appendix

says

it is calefacient

coughs, as

an

the
the

and

bad

is

stomach.

the

the

and

edible, but

the
cuss
dis-

will
we

come

Medica

Materia

for the

of

cedria

"VYe

fruit of

same

name

Book, when

into
of

the

the

the

Is the

this

emmenagogue,
fruit

by

Arabians

to

introduced

the

tree

larger

smaller

speciesof

lice,

powers.

species,the

two

the

other

many

dead

It kills

putrefaction.

of Pisselaon.

Dioscorides

of

the

they

particularlyof

apKEvOog was
pitch

substances

pain

in

readily,and

soft flesh

describes

sandarax

says

resembles

desiccative

and

flesh,more

ears,

that

by

question in

to

ferior
in-

very
it

this

To

Juniperus Phoenicea, and

communis.

Cedria, and

English Dispensatory

our

corrodes

from

Dioscorides

Pliny

genus.

Greeks.

fourth, being composed of sufficiently

nits, ascarides,worms

Juniperus

being

shrub, which

calefacient

preserves

being probably

the

are

and

Commentary.

The

practitioners of Hindostan.

bodies, it dries and

CoMM.

not

it.

the

as

as

Quincy.

tree

upon

particles.

does

124.)

{?), or

cedraea,touches
subtile

native

but

See

it

(ii,2, 288), and

it

in

of

prescribed

Galen

medicine, recommend

retained

was

the

it is

terms

of

(See

medicine, it is

that

same

speak

as

date.

the

the

all

late

Ind.

(Mat.

As

i, 532), A\dcenna

and

It

fomentation.

I.

the

treated

have

cataplasm prepared from

They
;

We

authorities.

much

1. ult.

food

Book

of

Italicum.

Panicum

fomentation

the

it in

Serapion (c.102.)
article

in

other

the

(Cont.

Rhases

the

Most

corn.

Parkinson.)
of

favorably of

very

Guinea

or

to

food

form

and

Dioscorides

by

of

articles

the

it

and

Spreugel^ Schneider,
among

Sorgo

the

cedar

stomach, that

alexipharmic.
apt

to

occasion

(De Simpl. vii.)

The

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

Arabians
and

He
from

Greeks.

the

original under

it

this

but

Cedrus,

Ebn

(ii,2, 160, 608.) Comm.

nearly all

Baithar

head,

(ii,94.)

Dr.

Sontheimer,

translator,

his

that

borrow

Even

this

Avicenna

See

Arabians

other

the

it.

fully of

treat

165

their

contains

We

information
little that
the

observe, by
it

marks

way,

the

as

is

Pinus

be.

clearlycannot

Ktl'TOKptOV,
Centaurium,
acrid

and

branches

the
Hence

mentioned

was

complaints

the

The

and

the

to

the

ad

other

Plinii

N.

H.

cases

head.

He

menstruation,

and

it

give

the

A^^cenna

characters

same

(ii,2, 158),

pion (c. 202.)

lesser
of

two

ounces,

the

centaury

with

virtues

oil
of

it

for

the

an

in

or

of

the

lesser

of

in

to

it.

of

Plants,

in

The

hydrophobia.

in

which

ancients

the

See

and

Sera-

recommend
the

had

According

the
amount

of

Avliole
there

form

Arabians

amount
a

produces

it

i, 176),

the

under

masters.

to

the

in

Galen

The

potion
has

Galen,
centaury,

of

1. ult.

as

Harduin

See

applied

likewise

clyster

describes

mistake

and

Grecian

Mesne

sesame.

extract
cure

and

sciatica,either

drachms,

for
in

in

him

when

(Cont.

Comm.

greater

greater centaury

their

the

'

the

(Theatre

abridges

as

Rhases

Serapion

into

vagina, (iii,
6.)

the

to

and

Pliny

fallen

foetus

expels the

collyrium (tent)

be

particularlyof it,that

very

says

great

ischiatic

L.,

to

Parkinson

who

author,

the

Parkinson, Sprengel,

See

the

pungency.

relief.

Theophrastus.

recommends

our

as

in

and

32,

xxv,

great

appear

have

but

injectionevacuates

Dioscorides.

to

chest.

powers,

in

Centaurium,

would

passage

no

and

an

affords

on

seem

Dioscorides

same

this

of

meaning

273.)

of

would

in

ancients.

the

commentators

sorts, but

three

of

centaury

of

in which

useful

given

Centaurea

Centaurium, Pers.,

Erythrcea
less

it

therefore

of the

without

cases

being

which

blood,

Commentary.

and

of

decoction

sometimes

and

possessed

those

as

It

affections

other

is

centaury

applicable in

are

is

great centaury

expels the foetus,agglutinates

kills and

strongly desiccative,and

are

they

centaury
bile

small

of the

root

the

astringency.

haemoptysis, and

relieves

of

root

terrene

menstruation,

wounds,

the

with

heating,

promotes
The

Centaury

three

book
is

great
to

on

scription
prefaith

Galen,

166

it may

(who

CoMM.
"

SIMPLES.

be

well

[book

had

supposed

devoted

great

attention

bitterness

with

vii.

to

'

the

'

virtues),it

of its

study

astringeucy,and
in

obstructions

mentions
and

in

some

of bile.

He

fomentation

lesser

be

used

as

Medica,

characters.
hare

in

medical

by

foul

the

whole

ulcers.

teeth

The

applied, fastens
relieves

up

taken

The

Pereira
it

marks,
re-

might

all its ancient

tract

Serapion

It is retained

it

on

has

in the

must

given

modern

medicinal

our

author.

horn

and

It will

now

reduced
it for

to

which

of

is

cleaned
be

the
it in

that

and

horn

of

it

and
It is

bull,

the

the

terms

same

stag's

or

as

hart's

for the

preparation

the

spirit of

hartshorn.

in

burnt

until

aflections

that

when

Avicenna

red

of

times

when

lime.

the

deer

of

further

which

it become
the

treated

so

dropsy ; and,
jaundice, (ii,
2, 178.) We
was

blood,

Serapion speak

swelling of
it

of

The

that

called

calamine,
of

burning,

spoonfuls.

two

nearly

modern

readily understood,

remoA-ing

conclusion,

in

hartshorn

phosphate

recommends

horn

in

then

and

hemorrhages.

hence

like

after

remedies.

scarcely say

used

recommends

washed

of

progress

pulverised

amount

restrains

need

the

affection, spitting

ophthalmic

much

ammonia,

white,

when

horn,
Cervi, Harts-

restrain

when

horn,

propertiesof
We

Dioscorides

and

Dioscorides, Galen,

been

has

burnt,

the

to

aiyoQ,
K. t\u(f)ov,
Cornu

and

cseliac

in water,

the

in

of

gentian." (Materia

Galen's

'

iOOQ

teeth

given
with

Commentary.

he

Dr.

it retained

Quincy

form

still continues

practitioners; yet

of it.

hart's

dysentery,

mixed

when

of

the

ulcers.

as

anciently,since

when

loose

jaundice, when

of

Capri, Goatshorn,

cleanse

'

strongly in

evacua-

Pharmacopceia.

Cornu

CoMM.

aftections,

occasionins:

for

He

spleen.

obstinate

substitute

days

K,

"

the

nervous

Dispensatory, but,

great repute
of the

translation

also

and

some

deobstruent

Centaurium, Persoon)

our

the

of

bv

it

(Engl. Dispens. 103.)

been

Greek

in

In

809.)

sciatica

as

for

potion

ill-conditioned

indigenous

an

scirrhus

recommends

is rarely nsed

"

it in

{Erythraa

place

and

it relieves

also

to

centaury

hold

to

hver

gave

clvster

possessed of

especiallyexcellent

the

of

that

that

tions

is most

is

hke

eves.

it is

prescribes
Dioscorides,

would

remark,

fui-uished

the

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

of

liartshorn

medicinal

1(37

ancients, but

tlie

that

the

moderns

Comm.
'

used

commonly

have

Cerasia, Cherries

"

stomachic, but

more

foul

stomachs, owing

affections

We

of

have

that

in

the

some

In

abridged

like manner,

of

account

to

with

them

calculous

Prunus

Cerasus,

in the

Galen,

that

when

unripe

portion
remarks

and
See

Galen.

sweet,

the

of them

account

Aetius

the

some

Comm.

in his work

great precision; he

author's

from

of the

gum

relieves

cherries

quality,in

Galen.

The

the

dietetics.

ancient

austere

copy

incisive.

austere

wine.

some

fact, our

from

'

pituitous and

with

trachea, and

the

prevails,and

acid

best

agree

unquestionablyis

of

instead.

laxative,the

more

are

being

their

with

devoted

the

others

acid

to

given

Simples, treats

on

the

This

work

our

sweet

drunk

when

Commentary.
L.

the

of
asperities

smoothes

tree

fallow-deer

the

(835.)

Medica

Materia

Hill's

See

of

horns

the

is predominant.

sour

is

in

and

manifestly

authorities,in

the

other

also

Serapion (c. 145.)

KepoTwi'ta,
it

are
{siliqucB)

with

astringentpowers,

and

of desiccant

of

fruit

the

Ceratonia, Carob-tree, and

certain

sessed
posshare

of sweetness.
It is

Commentary.
or

We

Carob-tree.

articles

of food

Materia

Medica

author.
who

See

193.)
terms
on

and

the

as

the

also

Our

i, 366.)

give

(juirea
therefore

the

name

herbalists
See

ancients.
and

place in

desiccative
relieve

the

is fullest

who

modern

Capita, Heads

the

the

those
power

as

of

the

same

characters

as

our

head

this

and

is

Siliqua. (ii,2,

Ilhases

(Cont. 1. ult.

nearly the

fissures about

the

same

('236.) It is still used

an

inferior

article of

being very
anus,

food,

Pharmacopojia.

pickled herrings,when
without

Avicenna,

e.

i.

of it in

Greek

modern

the

on

Parkinson

in Asia

of it among
authorities

Carob,

treat

Siliqua,L.,

other

on

of

Serapion (c. 135),

Continent

holds

nearly

it

Ceratonia

account

some

All

I.

Book

in

of it under

treats

given

have

writer

The

unquestionablythe

and

burnt,

acrid.
chronic

ac-

They
cases

of

Comm.

SIMPLES.

168

indurated
when

does

burnt

The

the

lifted with
that

say
and

head

dried
to

great

fingers, relieves

gouty

lizard

Commentary.

author^s

Our

of Heads

is taken

and

Dioscorides

Serapion.
and

under

not

of

general

(See ii,31, 32, "c.)

Dioscorides

honey

of

Galen.

treats

applied with

as

can

medicinal

the

Arabians

perties
proand

also Aetius
articles

like Galen

cessors.
suc-

from

copy

in

See

rately,
sepa-

his

and

merely

Galen, especiallythe latter.

and

its

affections.

different

head

The

amount

an

See

the

without

kite

clavus.

account

from

bear's

They
sharp-pointed things,

extracts

myrmecia, acrochordon,

removes

with

of the

as

of

head

head

vii.

anchovy (sinaris),

applied

when

mouse

in water

three

the

of

The

drunk

the

of

head

alopecia when

in

thing.

same

feathers, when

CoMM.

entire

burnt, is useful

grease.

be

The

uvida.

[book

particular

Serapion (c.571.)

that

Galla, Gall;
medicine, and

the

rank

third

in

deficient

less

which

hard, and

solid

by

6.2.)
(iii,

Paulus.

two

mations
inflamburnt.

when

speciesof galls,of

perforations,and

xvi, 9), and

iii,9), Pliny (H. N.

it is

as

omphacitis, consisted

also

See

cant
desic-

styptic.

or
cupula of the
o/.i(paKtg,

the

large, is

aui

in

refrigerants.

it relieves

prolapsus

describes

pieces without

with

confounded

placed

other, inasmuch

become

kind, called

better

the

of

and

decoction

and

Dioscorides

Commentary.

second

It

parts.

It is to be

the

the

In

vinegar they

in

'
'

than

so

sour

very

debilitated

yellow, porous,

fundament

the

Extinguished
CoMM.

is

astringency.

of

"

desiccants, and

of

indeed, but

and

defluxion.

of

cases

sort, which

other

The

all

is

Omphacitis

desiccant, repels defluxions,

proves
relaxed

astringes

also with

agrees

it

hence

and

contracts

called

sort

of

small,

is not

acorn,

be

to

mentioned

Theophrastus (Hist. Plant,

Serapion (De Simpl. c. 237.)

by the ancient physicians in all cases

requiring powerful astringents. According to Dr. Hill, the
the same
the Aleppo
Gallae omphacita of the ancients
were
as
Galls

gallsnow
the
as

same

the

Pereira

used

much

were

in use,
as

fruit

and

the
of the

the

kind, sometimes

other

Dioscorides

European.
oak,

remai'ks, in the

an

error

works

of

Avhich

called
describes

is to be

Onocicce,
the

found,

comparatively recent

as

gall
Dr.

writers.

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

We

that

scarcelysay

need

the

1G9

is

excrescence

well

now

Comm.

ascer-

'

tained

productionof

the

be

to

which

it is wished

whenever

is indicated

use

medicinal

author's
dry. (ii,146.) Our
propertiesis mostly taken from

same

be

or

may

said

treating of them,
from
Rhases

(Cont. 1.

which

in

they give
(ii,2, 308),

particular Avicenna
i, 234), Serapion (c. 98.)

ult.

that

Arabians,

The

in

See

Greeks.

the

in

cases

description of their
Galen.
Nearly the

information

all the

borrow

'

strain,
astringe,re-

to

Oribasius.

and

Aetius

of

'

the

on

remark

the

with

applicable,concluding

galls are

their

Dioscorides

infedoria.

Quercus

hymcnopterous insect
treats
largelyof the

KrjTTta,
the

resembles

Cepea,

relieve

it, when

taken

strangurv

from

scabious

bladder

when

in

draught

with

drunk

and

rock

it in

of

leaves

The

Purslain.

fusion
in-

an

the

of

root

relieves

asparagus,

obstruction.
Little

Commentary.

of this herb

for certain

is known

but

Comm.
'

the

it is the

is,that
have

nor

of

been

we

able

to

Our

old

Arabians.

the

the

under

of
and

has

of

being
other

many

medicines.

of

regarding

INIateria
it very
and

Gerard

itself it is

calefacient

and

well

known

describes

very

so

of

treat

not

it

of it

account

it,

Medica
ingly
hesitat-

Parkinson.

the

forms

temperament,

By

article is

This

CoMMENTAiiY.

treat

See

moderate

the

in

herbalists

discuticnt

some

it out

trace

does

Galen

of brooklime.

head

Cera, Wax,
basis

Dioscorides.

from
literally

is taken

author's

Our

Cepcea, L.

Sedum

made

been

has

probable conjecture that

most

gent,
deter-

shghtly

powers.
that

it

requiresComm.
'

Dioscorides

illustration.

no

the

for

process

done

with

from

the

and

salt water
process

natron

pursued

now

making

and

bleaching wax

in

circumstantially
it white.

It

was

quite different

manner

for this purpose,

The

(ii,
105.)

making any addition of

See
in particular Serapion (c. 10) and
much
importance.
when
Avicenna
appHed
Avicenna
(ii,2, 402.)
says that wax,
Arabians

to

the

being

treat

inflicted

Avound
followed

expectorant

fullyof it,but

by

any

in diseases

by
bad

without

poisoned

effects.

of the

prevents

arrow,

He

chest, l)oth

recommends
in

hniment

it from
it

as

and

an

in

'
"

SIMPLES.

170

CoMM.
'

Serapion^s authorities, Abugerig,

of

One

potion.

a
'

'

it in diseases

recommends

manner,

[book

desiccative
possessed of sufficiently
therefore

they
used

for

is

which

oil,renders

the

oil

makes

Sprengel
They

Lajnllus.

and

Harpa

them

Tliat

part

alive,if boiled
be

to

noticed

are

be

to

are

injectionfor reheWng

'
"

pungency,

os.ymel.

flesh when

their

were

without

or

is

burnt

ulcers, and

vinegar, wine,

useful

an

Commentary.

CoMM.

it

as

shell when

powers

malignant

with

putrid ulcers

of them

'

with

agree

like

in

of tlie cliest.

(a species of sliell-fish)
; their

Buccinee

vit.

earache.
the

Buccina

the

among

in

articles of

section of the First Book.

Dioscorides
ninety-first
their
that a speciesof quicklime is got from
correctlyremarks
recommends
it as a dentifrice,and
shells.
He
as
an
cation
applithe
to burns,
(ii,5.) Galen very properly inculcates

food

the

in

finelylevigatedbefore

necessityof getting them

to

Avicenna

sores.

Crustacea

under

borrowed

from

of

treats

His

head.

one

along

information

and

Dioscorides

buccina

the

Galen,

them

apphdng
with

is almost

other

entirely

(ii,2, 529.)

See

also

(Cont. 1. ult. i, 224.)

Rhases

Ki'/ci,
Christi

Ricinus, Palma
has

detergent and

but

weaker.

have

We

There

be

can

the

'

was

Christi.

It does

Hippocrat. (218.)
its resemblance
both

that

that

See

when

the

leaves

seeds

in diseases

N.

for

oil is used

medicine
the

(H.

Phny
emetic

mentions

plant,

but

treatises.

See

it is called

that

lamps and

administered
as

of

being
the

used
eyes

it

its

leaf,

Kporwi'
Palma
and

in

fficonom.

however, in the works

xi, 34, and

that

or

(Euterpe, 94)

occur,
us

k'iki or

is

xv,

of Ricinus
Dioscorides

7.)

very

cutaneous

(iv,141.)

also

loathsome
He

internally.
in

observation

plasters,and
a

of

croton, from

the

and

purgative
harsh

the

that the

dog-tick,and it is worthy of
plant and the dog-tick bear the name
to

the

in Latin.
says

informs

Dioscorides

Celsus.

not

also has

so

Castor-oil

by
Hippocratic

the

of

doubt

Herodotus

It is mentioned

several passages

the

communis,

Ricinus

no

purgati\e,

of its oil.

already spoken

'

"

is also

fruit, which

properties,and

discutient

Commentary.

CoMM.

its

as

and
further

diseases,and
Galen

notices

it

One

CoMM.

[book

SIMPLES.

172

of

his

it the

calls

authorities,Constantinus,

VII.

of

juice

"

tringent
plant^possessed of stypticpowers, and therefore used as an asboth
internallyas a suppository,and externallywhen
recommends
larly,
it simiso
applied.(De Simpl. 341.) AAdcenna

'

but
borne

in mind

described
native

retained

cinnabar

60),

in

down

the

so

those

of

desiccative

momis

is

in the

owing

quicksilver,and

Atticum.

The

See

Hill

blood

dragon's
where

is

it is

Draco.

Calamus

rank

same

the

to

of weak

sort

ancients

viz., the

name,

Pharmacopoeia,

the

is to be

Ku'J'O^iW/iOl',
Cinnamon, is composed of extremely subtile
gree.
extremely heating, but only in the third de-

is not

But

Greek
of

of

Sal

Geoffroy (215.)

product

Cinnamomum^
parts, yet

their

was

modern

the

as

and

this

under

sulphuret

or

which

cinnabar,

Med.

substances

other

two

factitious

set

that

mineral

(Mat.

descriptionof it. (ii,2, 6.27.) It

besides the vegetablecinnabar, the

gives no

of

tenuity

cinnamon

of

calefacients

its

parts.

but

The

cinna-

call it

some

is

none

pseudo-

cinnamomum.
Commentary.

CoMM.

Sprengel

and

Dierbach

it

acknowledge

as

'

"
'

the

Laurus

Stackhouse

that

Cassia

unacquainted with
good grounds for
Cassia
Sprengel :

opinion. We
lignea nostratum

it to

be

diseases
and

in

it is
Greek

et

is to

say, for

expulsion of

for the
that

C'mnamomus

this

use

shall

ancients
but

give

see

the

cassia

et

we

were
no

words

of

cinnaraomea

arbore
ipsam ex eadem
veteres
largiatur,
jam statuerunt.^^
recommends

promoting

the

of it has

the

cassiam

i,13.) Dioscorides

affections,that
and

Laurus

cinnamomum

provenire,quse
(ad Dioscor.

opinion that

unde

under

stated, however,

this

\identur,

esse

have

is of

our

"

eadem

"We

Cinnamomiis.

foetus.

been

cinnamon
the
We

revived

flow
need

of late.

in uterine

of the

menses

tion
scarcelymen-

He

also holds

it in coughs, dropsies,and
alexipharmic,recommends
of the kidneys and bladder
; in complaints of the eyes,
of elegant ointments
the formation
; in short, he adds,
medicine
authorities

terms.

The

much

in

give
Arabians

especiallyAviceuna, who
Dioscorides,namely, as

use.

(i, 13.)

its medicinal
treat

characters

of it at

recommends

Galen

and
in

other

the
more

ral
gene-

great length,and
it in the

diuretic,eraraenagogue,

same

more

cases

and

as

alexi-

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

cinnamon

which

extract

his works

being

as

they

as

stomach

and

deobstrucnt

it to

be

and

borrow

Galen

latter,is

In

not

and

of

affections

diuretic.

found

our

and

eyes,

author.

the
in

is commended

(Cont.

of

the

as

Rhases

(De Simpl. 266.)

and

Dioscorides, Galen,

the

count
ac-

but

be

Comm.

and

his

to

it cinnamon

in

cordial

medicine, applicablein complaints

liver, in

emmenagogue
from

the

exist.

now

aromatic

an

from

gives

holds

Dioscorides

from

he

also

and

Serapion professesto

2, 124.)
expectorant, (ii,
of

stomachic

as

He

liver.

the

congestion of

also

and

pharmic medicine^

173

an

copies
i, 213.)

1. ult.

KtpKfO,
Circea, Enchanter's
and

Nightshade

fragrant, when

Its

fruit,when

in

Commentary.

spectingit. Sprengel
took

it to

that

it

be

the

modern

genus

and

author,

our

former

the

to

different

from

See

divided

much

One

Parkinson

from

Comm.

certain,

species of
Both

(351.)

the

Galen

Dioscorides, the

been

not

re-

Lobelius

is

thing

known

any

in

Med.

of milk.

Cynanchus niger.

treating of it,borrow
have
professedly. We

Mat.

uterus.

formation

are

Dulcamara.

Circaea.

of these

it in the

inclines

Solanicm

quite

was

the

commentators

the

cleanses

wine,

gruel,promotes

The

is desiccative

its root, which

with

drunk

taken

able

to

detect

Arabians.

of the

Ktcrar;pt";,
Pumex,
of the

teeth,not

also

joined to

and

to

its
it

Pumice-stone, is detergent,and

the

the

parts

only

the

but

in power,

medicines

used

also

for the

became

finer,but

it is then

There

Pumice, according

the

to

be

can

For

recommends

is

so

similar

diseases

of

ulcers,

If

burnt,

skin.

pungent

latest

doubt

no

but

account

it

in

of

an

that

he

diseases
had

it,see
of

copied

frequentlyindebted,

the
from
we

descriptionof pumice,
of the

eyes,

more

that

of

if washed

eyes.

mean

and

N.

It

Pumice.

was

contain

to

and

manganese,

Pliny (H.
his

it

found

analysis,is

silica,argil,magnesia, soda, oxyd

he

the

It is

its pungency.

Commentary.

however,

asperity.

incarnation

abstergent plastersapplied to

lays aside

water.

by

particularly

more

its

xxxvi, 42.)
appears

recommends

especiallyin opacity of

the

He

evident,

contemporary, to
Dioscorides, who
also

some

wliom

gives
it in
cornea.

Comm.

SIMPLES.

174

and

CoMM.

likewise

as

[book

ingredient in applicationsto

an

and

sores,

VI]
.

as

'
'

(v, 124^.) Galen, after

dentifrice,
whether

be

pumice

metal,

preliminary discussion

some

stone^

or

earth, proceeds

an

properties,in which
Dioscorides, most
especiallycommending
We
just mention
(De Simpl. ix.)
may
think
do not
modern
authorities
so
highly

of this substance

Jameson's

The

medicinal

its

state

See

dentifrice.

this head

under

merely

Mineral.^

'

from

copy

he
it
in

dentifrice.

this

(i,333.)

Dioscorides

with

agrees

as

to

that

place

and

as

Arabians
Galen.

See

anciently
particular Serapion (De Simpl. 417.) Pumice
with
leather
which
used
for polishing the
books
were
was
bound.
(Catullus, Epig. i.) Theophrastus (De Lapidibus),
that
states
by the action of ftre ; and M.
pumice is formed
in

suspects that it is

Dolomieu

viti'ified granite or

has

time
pumice, for some
past,
is it
Dispensatory. Neither
Phai'macopoeia.

ceased
be

to

hold

to

found

gneiss. The
place in

in the

modern

our

Greek

KttTTOc h Ktoaaoog,

Cistus, Rock-rose

it is

Its leaves

cooling powers.

astringentshrub,

an

and

shoots

are

and

of

gently

desiccative

so

to

as

but
the
flowers
of a more
are
agglutinate wounds
drying
;
the second
drunk
natm'e, being about
degree, and hence when
dysenteriesand all kind of fluxes.
they cure
Externallythey

putrid ulcers.

relieve

'
"

Stackhousc

CoMMEXTARY.

CoMM.
'

called

Woodville
describes
lius

^Miller

by

C.

in

uterine

The

more

LaSavof.
Arabians

recommending
external
Avicenna
tions of

Galen

villosus.

Ladaniferiis,of
under

C. Creficus

species of it,which

two

and

much

Rock-rose

the

calls it the

marks

ulcers

celebrated
which

treat

the
and

also

species
will

we

Aetius

simply as the Cistus,L.,

(Index to Theophrastus.)
(Medical Botany.) Dioscorides
probably ai'e the C. salvifo-

particularlycommends

He

diseases.

and

in

of

Oribasius

as

those

under

treats

the

have

separately of
former

it

to
are

the

this

the

Kiaaoq

mer
forof

name

cistus, namely, the

give
the

account

some

copyistsof

Cistus

and

Galen.

Ladanum,

powerful astringent,both
of

the

intestines

speaks favorably of it in deafness and

the ear.
2, 111.) Serapion would appear
(ii,
it with

the

(ivy)
;

or

at

least

he

and

in

womb.

other

afi'ec-

to have

founded
con-

has

given

SIMPLES.

HI.]

SECT.

confused

very

of

account

175

his

it in

chapter

the

on

Ivy. (De

Comm.
'

'

Landanum

the

from

species of

two

ceased

does

Rhases

Simpl. 41, 42.)

hold

to

place in

(Cont.

1. ult.

under

this

of

treated

modern

our

notice

to

appear

(Ladanmn)

cistus
a

not

it

'

separately
iii,67.) The

head

have

long

Dispensatories.

gent
Hedera, Ivy,is composed of opposite po'wers, for it is astrin-

cooling, and

and

tepid ingredientwhen

and

wine,

the

from

juice is

Its

hot ;
Its

wounds

being

consisting of

watery

leaves, when

boiled

relieve burns

and

and
and

errhine,

an

Its tears,

ear.

and

green.

agglutinativeof

are

affections.

acrid

chronic

cures

with

splenic

defluxions

acrid, kill lice and

more

act

as

depilatory.

with

the

best

describes

authorities

three

helix ; but

trouble

it is easy
His

Parkinson

the

it for thinning
'"

part is acid

or

hair

and

devoid

of

of

tree

are

in

Malus

the

Medica, L.,

Virgil agree

that

or

(History

of

properties

by

Dioscorides

generally known

bark

desiccative

it is his "felix

but
third

the

recommend

rank

is acrid.
cold.

of

Its
Its

degree ;

and

discutient

and
as

its middle

in the
flesh

seed
the

the

the

cooling

and

second

engenders

is discutient
leaves

of

the

powers.

Sprengcl states, it

INIost of
malum"

part in which

is desiccative

doubt,

Citron.

INIedicum

Malum

the

to

second

Without

the
and

41),

writers

ancient

qualities
;
The

possessedof

Commentary.

Gerard

to

killing lice.

degree, but not cooling, for it

thick chyme, is phlegmatic and
desiccative

Simpl.

it,mentioned

the

also

belongs

medicines.

and

(De

the

great

copyistsand

and

the

of

occasioned

of its medicinal

account

All

ivy.

is contained

desiccative

all varieties

are

his Arabian

to

tears

Citron, called

Citrium,
seed

the

they

Dioscorides

black, and

evidentlyits resin, now

were

of gum

name

white, the

Plants, 680),

The

author,

by

of

Galen.

and

that

referringit Comm.

in

Helix, L.

Serapion

author^s

from

our

See

Our

is taken

Heclera

it, the

see

both

(Theatre

Plants, 857.)

the

hesitation

no

distinctions, however,

herbalists.

modern

have

of

to

confusion

and

to

varieties

species.

same

need

We

Commentary.

is the

commentators

(Gcorg. ii,127.)

Comm.
'

on

Dr.

''

SIMPLES.

176
remarks

Paris

CoMM.

it

that

[book

probably

deserves

antidote

to

'

it

on

him

by

an

head

and

this

on

the

celebrated

French

as

there

According

when

says,

Charras,

this

of

Homer,

(ii,
who

Odyss. v.

"

Galen.

N.

xiii, 16.)

Our

account

of its

Dioscorides's

precise

more

with

drunk

Pharm.

opinion (H.

far

famous

the

See

Ovov

it is the

vijffovoSiodn.

Pliny, however, is not of

author
copies closelyfrom
medicinal
properties is
he

poisons (Pharmacol. 254)

interestingdispute between

Pharmacopceia.

followingline
dva

praises bestowed

the

Moses

and

Macrobius,

Ovov

Citrons,

very

the

on

to

it in the

mentions

Hoffmann

Fr.

authority

39.)

is

VII.

wine,

and

interesting.
the

counteract

ration
ope-

deadly poisons,and loosen the belly ; the decoction is

of the breath
a
gargle for occasioning sweetness
; its juice is
used
much
labouring under pica (see Book
I, 1, of
by women
of

clothes
to preserve
in a chest
work), and then seeds seem
The
Arabians
from
treat
(i,166.)
being moth-eaten,
very
of
the
medicinal
citron.
the
See
of
properties
Serapion
fully
(ii,2, 116), and Rhases (Cont.1. ult.
(De Simpl. i, 1), Avicenna

this

They

i,219.)
when

in hot

taken

poisoned wound.
They also hold
it

that
it

stops

dispels

of citrons
need

See
that

its

and

when

it is

and

that

this

treated
in the

garden

Flora
and

is

It

of it among

the

the

the

the

wild

succory

wild

Cichorium
the

Dioscorides
as

is
of

dicial
prejuoil

the

We

nerves.

been

that

brated
cele-

much

is still retained

endive, being

ing
cool-

also
degree. It has
some
with hepatic dysenteries.

pot-herbs in

Hippocratica.

it

speak highly

and

and

it were,
first

stomachic

that

of the

ii.)

1235.

,t

it agrees

hence

Commentary.
'

'

in

desiccant

and

Cord,

vomiting

preparationhas

Pereira,

Cichorium, Succory, is,as

CoMM.

cordial

(see Charras, 1. c),

See

Med.

(De

affections

other

Ki

"

the

They

nerves.

times

and
astringenc}^,

alexipharmic, both
juice is applied to a

hold, however,

in paralysisand

Pharmacopoeia.

and

is

excellent

an

They

lungs

seed

Avicenna
particularly

scarcelyremark

om'

that

purgings, fluxes,and

bilious

in modern
in

water,

sorrow.

the

to

all agree

Intybus.
First

Book.

recommends

We
It

have
occurs

both

the

being astringent,cooling, and

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

177

both

internallyand

externally,for Comm.
binding the bowels in dysentery, as a cataplasm in cardiac afa
as
remedy for gout and ophthalmy. (ii,159.)
fection, and
the
the intybus and
also ranks
Celsus
are
ambubeia, which
with astringents, (ii,
wild and garden succory,
30.) Galen and
authorities give it the same
the other Greek
general characters.
Arabians
The
treat of the seris and
intybus at greater length,
stomachic, in various

cases,

"

and

latter,or endive, with

the

confound

to

seem

taraxacum?).

229, 683.)

He

deobstruent

in obstructions

recommends

taraxacon

particularAvicenna
(ii,2,
latter most
particularlyas a

See

(Leontodou

the

in

the

liver and

of the

viscera; he

other

speaks favorablyof it as a plasterin palpitationsof the heart,

of
and
as
a
gargle along with Cassia fistula in inflammations
recommend
both
All
Arabians
the
the
throat.
species as
antidotes

the

to

bites

of

animals.

venomous

See

Avicenna

(1.c), Serapion (c.143), and Rhases (Cont. 1. ult. i,266.) The

wild
(Cichorium Intybus) is still sometimes
employed
succory
the medicinal
in medicine.
Dr.
Pereira
propertiesof
says,
DensCichorium
Intybus are analogous to those of Taraxacum
in the modem
It occurs
Greek
leonis."
(jNIat.Med.
698.)
Pharmacopoeia.
"

s-boioer,(calledalso
Clematis, Virgin'

Myrsonoides, Daphhas twigs as long as the thickness

noides, and Polygonoides,)
and petals like the bay, and
is
of a May -rush, (holoschsenus,)
of

desiccant

and

of

pains
animals.

venomous

around

nature

trees

fruit, when
downwards

ivy,being

drunk

with

in

former

himself
the

two

it

as

Dioscorides

safe

vitalba

and

bile

clematis

the

the

twines

nature.

and

of

Its

phlegm

of
It

cirrhosa.

wliich

described

The
is

founding
Pamphilus for conis clearlya species of

All
other
the

agree

in

mending
recom-

speciesdescribed
former

species of
12

Comm.
'

by

species of Galen, who

second

astringent.

(iv, 7),

clematis

bites

cataplasm,remove
leprosy.
species,distinguishedby the

is

or

the

caustic

evacuates

contemptuously
speciestogether.

Clematis, either the

for

of

and

acrid

an

is useful

species

water,

its leaves
The

of

Daphnoides,
(iv,179), and is

Dioscorides

III.

other

of

synonyme

by

teeth, and

The

Commentary,

expresses

the

it,therefore, stops diarrhoeas,dysenteries,

like

and

'

SIMPLES.

178

Galen,

CoMM.
'

be

may

[book

determined

decidedly

be

to

either

the

VII.

Vinca

'
'

major
and

or

caustic

The

poAvers.

(c.41),

Avicenna

and

macoposia

Galen,

Arabians

v/ould

clematis

properly the
contains

from

the

of acrid

possessed
not

appear

hedera.

The

(ii,2, 169.)
the

is

to

It, according

minor.

See

modern

tinguish
dis-

to

Serapion

Greek

Phar-

C. erecta.

KXtVOTTOOlOl',

cative

but

however,
with

It may

Commentary.

CoMM.
"

caustic

not

powers,

Basil, is possessed of heating

Field

Clinopodium,

of

the

considerable

third

and

desic-

degree.

confidence

be

set

'

down

as

been

the

being

started

See

this head.

on

doubts

vulgare, although

Chnopodium

(Theatre

Parkinson

of

have

Plants, 23),

Sprengel (Ad Dioscorid.) Our author follows Galen very

represents it to be diuretic and eramenaclosely. Dioscorides
able to discover
have
We
not been
99.)
(iii,
any traces
gogue
Med.
in Hippocrates.
of the Ai'abians, nor
of it in the Mat.
and

Bastard

Cnicus,
but

if

Saffron

its seed

is used

applied externallyit belongs

only

the

to

third

for

purgings,

order

of cale-

facients.

'

of

in favour

'

held

to

of

opening

date.

it that

it is

the

of

account

also

1. ult.

Carthamus

author.

The

All

the

it

give

it

along

cnicus.

See

Arabians

hold

ancient

as

that

tions
men-

for

ter
charac-

same

confused

AtractyUs, which

particular Avicenna
it is not

powerfullyalexipharmic. They
further

characters

medicine

rather

with
in

which

Dioscorides

exactly the

Arabians

wild

the

tinctorius,a plant

gives

by treating of

be

authority is decidedly

Dispensatory with its

(See Quiucy, 167.)
used
as
a
potherb, and
Galen

See

Cartamus.

the

bowels.

it

they held to
(ii,2, 159.)
but

our

recent

our

as

being

in

place

down

its

of

preponderance

The

Commentary.

CoMM.
"

only

tive,
laxa-

call it Kartam

or

Serapion (c. 202), and

Rhases

(Cont.

iii,46.)

KoyyuXta,
Conchy

Iia ; their

This

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

"
'

or

Shell-fish.

powers

See

name

Harduin

resemble

those

was

applied to

(Ad

Plinii

H.

of the

N.

buccinse.

various

ix,60) ;

Testacea,
Athensei

ISO

bringing

CoMM.
"

SIMPLES.

'
'

when

applied on

Oribasius

that

together,so

theii' exact

of this tribe of

the

there

and

terms, like

been

the

VII.

utero

and

author.

our

little used

in medicine.
chameleon

in making
difficulty

Thymelacece.

in

Aetius

thymelsea,chamelcea, and

on

what

out

Indeed, the genera

still with

plants are
See

foetus

Galen

brief

have

is great

views

another.

one

in

fact,to

confound

kills the

(iv,170.)

pessary,

in

appear,

Arabians

were

its characters

state

It would
The

watery discharge,and

away

[BOOK

difficulty
distinguishedfrom
Lindley^s Vegetable Kingdom, 530.
Ko/cKOf: l3a(piK6g,

tinctorium, is desiccative

Granum

therefore, with

agiTCs,

triturated

when

'
"^

product

of

ilicis.

See

little

by

the

is

given by

and

Dioscorides

The

P.

the

called

of the

nerves

grain, being the

kermes

iii,16), and

or

Coccus

Pliny (H.

in

Beckmann.

other

wounds

dyeing, but is
interesting account

An

It

pungency.

Scarlet

or

insect

hemopterous

cochineal.

cochineal

as

is Vermilion

anciently used

was

and

oxymel.

or

Theophrastus (H.
It

it

vinegar

It

xvi, 12.)
and

large wounds

Avith

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

without

now

of

N.

seded
super-

kermes

(Historyof Inventions.)

authorities,like Paulus, commend

of the nerves.
vulnerary medicine, especiallyin wounds
of
the kermes, merely repeat what
Arabians, in treating
a

Dioscorides

Galen

and

had

Serapion (De
(Cont. 1.

Rhases

ult.

written

this head.

on

Simpl. 321)

See

Avicenna

in particular

(ii,2, 718) ;

i, 740.)

KoK/cOjUJ)Xea,
the Plum

Prunus,

greater degree, or
in
the
so

that

dried, in

the

powers

lithontriptic.With

fruit of the

The

Pnminum.
appear

The
to

be

dried

Without

Bullace

tree, a

well

known

decoction

uvula.

incisive

and

attenuate

drunk

plums

with
to

The

it
of

gum

substance,

wine
the

cure

of

it proves
lichen

of

is

manifestly astringent,
is called
plant in Asia

This

garden plums,
Galen

The

the

it is said
wild

belly,if fresh,in

about

when

belly.

similar,as

Commentary.

an

nnegar

constipates the

and

CoMM.

that

relate

some

childi'en.

of

the

smaller.

inflammations

gargles,cures
ti'ee has

if

loosens

its fruit

now

called

damascenes,

says.
doubt

it is the

speciesof

plum.

Prunus
The

insiticia

or

Damask-plums

celebrated

much

are

phinis

of

and

gums

dried

the

But
which

astringent of
dried

in
the

that

less.

I know

but

manifestly loosen,
damask

the
"c."

are

in

controversy

modern

in

stating

deny

to

meant

mixed

faculty
Galenas

that

the

up

with
is

says

loosen

the

named

Chuz,
gum,

quotes
are

this

of

the

mixed

with

opinion

with

who

keen

impugns,
To

certain

do

we

sists
con-

doubt,

no

never

purgative

in
not

general.
that

see

and

gravely

state

this

mighty

sages,

but

of

moisten

bile.

them

One

troversy
con-

the

of E-hases's
stomach

Another
is

approbation.

of

All

agree

and

them,
and

emmenagogue,

impetigo.

cures

sugar,

those

scarcelypretend
(Cont. 1. ult. i,565) ;

Rhases

they

it

us

views

yellow

water

created

plums

Serapion (c.139.)

belly, purging
says

like

for

sweet,

more

his

See

that

says

Spanish;

of Galen.

have

the

these

by Dioscorides

between

ancient

plums,

and

even

Spanish

precise, but

and

for

Brasavolus,

astringency,

plum

Dioscorides

difference

strictures

and

of the

degree

the

succinctly. He,

lites."
;

the

damask-plums

two

2, 532)
(ii,

authorities

their

the

than

committed

Arabians

The

fruit

bowels,

degree

the

difference

componere

Avicenna

the

slight

too

more

real

between

bind

mistake

views

of Dioscorides.

it is that

bowels.

stomachic

greater

between

defends

his

much

tantas

This

times

only

language
is

there

the

that

in

how

less

the

the

fruit

especiallythose

more

says,

astringent,and

]Matthiolus, who

appears

"

in

more

and

Galen

the

says,

loosens

"

fresh

not

Simpl. vii.)

(De

and

the

and
"

(damascenes ?),are

damask-plums

dried

and

is

Avicenna
that

they

lithontriptic.
KoXXn,
Gluten,

is of

an

Glue

emplastic

that
and

prepared

from

digestive nature.

the

sirailagoand

'
'

rities
autho-

There

cases.

Comm.
"

and

diseases

ancient

Dioscorides

Galen

bowels,

the

loosens

tree

the

all the

of

Pliny

Dioscorides

Syrian plums,

bowels."

treated

Book.

such

stomach,

Damascus

have

particularlyin

between

plum.

for the

fruit of the
about

grow

First

but, indeed,

of the

bad

esculent, but

is

the

We

them

opinion

virtues

the

regarding

authors.

astringents in

as

of

difference

181

in

recommend

prescribe them
slight

food

Empiricus

tonsils

the

ancient

by

article

an

as

jNIarcellus
of

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

pollen

Gluten

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

[book

SIMPLES.

182

kind

tlie best

'

Galen

makes

used

in

(c. 138)

Avicenna

They

i, 336.)

from

information

their

of

most

it, derive

See

Rhases

Serapion
1. ult.

(Cont.
this

ichthjocolla under

of the

Rhodes.'

flour,and

of

treating

and

that

further, Pliny

See

Greeks.

the

(ii,2, 202)

treat

in

Arabians,

The

in

from

prepared

kind

(De Simpl. vii.)

books,

xiii, 26.)

of bulls

hides

the

of another

mention

binding

N.

(H.

from

prepared

is

mentions

Dioscorides

Paste.

or

'

VII

head.

KoXoKUl'0"?,
Cueurbita,

Gourd,

the

second

in the

humid

cold

and

when

Hence,

degree.

applied

temperament

entire

in

plasm,
cata-

inflammations.

hot

it cools

We

Commentary.

CoMM.

is of

stated

have

of
difiiculty

the

determin-

'

'
'

in the

article

this

ing

It would

fruits.

or

About

the

medicinal

there

properties, besides

the

siriasis of
and

those

of

gout

being

useful

in

earache

eyes,
as

into

to

be

is to

be

gourd

raw

it,it

and

others

The

Arabians,

making

give

(ii,2, 175)

says

Avith

and

sugar

cough,

gives nearly
seed,

that

thus

gently

that

the

freelyfrom

much

it is

the

and

that

it
the

out

bowels.

account

diuretic, and

of it.

as

softens

Greeks

without
Avicenna

(Cont.

called

of

1. ult.

Masarugie,

thirst,and

the

sun,

author.

our

with

Another

poured

of the

Galen, Aetius,

Rhases

Another

states

been

paste

of it is beneficial

quenches

of it

directs

See

it is surrounded

when

He

heat

consequence.

squeezed

opens

same

(ii,161.)

Serapion^s authorities,

of

water

the

to

characters

same

usual, borrow

gourd,

roasted, the

the

of

time

laxative,

Serapion (c. 248)

One

the

diseases

it much

as

1, 344.)
of

gently

addition

any

for

speaks

purpose

having

for

of the

stomach.

wine

see

also

also

for this

out, and

exposed

it Mill become

when

its

hollowed

its

ing
cool-

inflammations
He

and

bowels;

as

apostemes

of the

heat

On

it raw,

manner.

and

Gourd.

or

authorities,

medical

I, 13),for

Book

iu like

of the

it is laxative

that
a

infancy (See

Cucumis

doubt.

some

swellings and

various

summer

for the

Cueurbita

recommends

Dioscorides

application for

is

the

on

put

for the

sometimes

species, however,

Geopon. (xii,19.)
the

and

Cucumber,

sativus

sometimes

be

to

appear

First Book

of the

chapter

when

and

in acute
taken

them, Habix,

of them

belly.

In

says
modern

of

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

times

seeds

the

greater

of

gourd

seeds.

cold

formerly held

were

Charras

See

183

(Roy.

of the

one

as

Pharm.

and

66)

four

Comm.
"

Quincv

'

(p. 197.)
Cucurbita

If the

purgative power.
rubbed

into

the

part, it

used

juice

relieves

ischiatic

in

doubt

Colocynthis,Coloquintida,or

Bitter

There

in medicine

aypia of Hippocrates (De

explained. It

does

earliest

the

from

not

be

can

Mulieb.

621,

strong

state, be

green

that

ed.

is

it

Gourd.

times, being

the

Comm.
'

It

the

Foes),

in the

however,

occur,

disease.

no

Commentary.
Cucumis

it,while

of

of

possessed

is

sylvestris,Colocynth,

''

was

KoXoKvvQr]
Galen

as

has

of Celsus.

works

it
of it,recommending
gives an excellent account
as
a
given
powerful phlegmagogue and cholagogue, both when
and
and
in clysters;
a
as
by the mouth
gargle in toothache.
He
when
applied on a pessary,
says it kills the foetus in utero
Dioscorides

Our

(iv,175.)
The

Arabians

Rhases

Avicenna

1. ult.

Averrhoes

long

i,222)

His
cannot

we

Mesne

Baithar

directions

for the

statement

of its medicinal

find

for it.

room

He

Galen.

(ii^
2, 127);

Ebn

and

from

copied

fully. See Avicenna

Serapion (c. 272)

(Collig.
v, 421)

medicine.
that

more

it is

of

account

precise in giving

is very

of the
so

of it

treat

(Cout.

Simpl. 4) ;

is

author^s

(De

(i^331.)
tion
prepara-

properties
it

says

ates
evacu-

phlegm, bile,and perhaps blood from the intestines ; that it

is useful in dropsy,and that it is alexipharmic,in proof of w hicli
he

refers

report of

the

to

by scorpions,and

in

fiuxion

is,perhaps,

the

person
cured
one

who

by
who

been

had

it.

But

of all the
of

treats

stung
it

most

purging phlegm and yellow

cephaltca,hemicrania, epilepsy,apoplexy, vertigo,de-

elaborately:
bile,

of

case

immediately

was

authorities,jNIesue

in

he

it

recommends

the

eyes,

cold

as

gout,

and

other

affections

of

the

But, he adds,
cough, dyspnoea, "c.
it is more
useful in pituitousand flatulent colic,aud
especially
in dropsy.
be administered
For this purpose
it may
by the
mouth, in clystersand in suppositories. Applied per vaglnum

joints ; asthma,

chronic

it kills the

fcEtus.

by

of

means

administered

He

directs

its bad

efi'ects to

mastich, tragacanth, "c.

cither

in great

heat

or

cold.

He

be

forbids
Averrhoes

corrected
it to
ranks

be
it

that its
strongest phlegmagogucs, and recommends
sliould be abated
"c.
activity
by almonds, tragacanth, fistics,

with

the

184

SDIPLES.

Ebn

CoMM.

Baitliar

that, being
the

heat

drastic

kidneys,

and

great length.

very

cold

or

Hippocrates
it

it at

purgative,it

of summer,

recommends

oil

of

treats

[BOOK

had

in

ought

of winter

forbid

injectionsfor

loins.

He

of

; for

that

says

these

of

the

Pliny

intestines,

embrocation

an

sons,
sea-

purgatives.

diseases

says

given during

that, at

administer

to

Serapion

to be

not

VII.

of

it with

the

spine and hip-joint,and is useful in

followed
jaundice when
by oxymel. (H. N. xx, 7, 8.) Marcellus,
the Empiric,
of it that
it purges
phlegm, yellow and
says
black bile,when
given with oxymel. (c.30.) Ruffus Ephesius
that it purges
phlegm and pure bile : in a
says of colocj^nth,
pains

cures

he

word,

it is useful

adds,

vertigo,and

and

its

dimness

the Arbute

Arbutus,

fruit,which

stomach,

and

is of

Tree,

occasions

asthma, pleurisy,chronic

of "vision.

is called

CoMMEXTARY.

CoMM.

in

Med.

(De

Purg.)

quahty, both

sour

ache,
head-

the

It is hurtful

memycoelon.

tree

the

to

headache.

Apuleius

Comaron

"

says

Grteci,

Romani

'
*

fragum

vocant."

which

Tree,

It is the

must

L., Angl., Wood

Unedo

confounded

Strawberry.

It

IVilcl

or

with

the

Strawberry
Fragaria vesca,

difficult to

seems

its

holding

the

authorities,like Paulus, speak unfavorablyof

place

Gummi,

Gum,

manifestly cm'es

is of

ancient

and

Materia

for

account

^ledica,

since

all

its medicinal

Galen.

desiccative

and

account

of

emplastic nature,
asperities(hoarseness?).

Commentary.

CoMM.

the

in

Dioscorides

See

powers.

'

be

not

Arbutus

For

an

the

ancient

and

see

gums

'

'

N.

Pliny (H.
Egyptian
Acacia

thorn

other

emplasticpowers,
with

them.

of
and

He

e^^,

it prevents

The

Ai'abians

the
for

adds

do

same

the

in

best

kind
have

must

Galen
terms

same.

is

from

rising on
recommending

the

either

the

delivers
as

the

Dioscorides

with
burnt

cinal
medi-

author,

our

(gum-arabic ?)
blunting acrid medicines
mixed

from

got

been

acacia

that, when

blisters

concm*

this

the

authorities

gimi

the

Senegal.

in

gum

says
;

Acacia

or

of

Greek

the

Acacia

or

L.,

vera,

character
the

He

xiii,20.)

as

the

and

mends
recom-

possessing
mixed

when
white

parts,

gum-arabic

of

an

(i,133.)
as

being

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

voice

iner the
See

coughs, in

in hot

beneficial

(ii,2, 310)

Avicenna

and

stomachic

be

it to

and

for clear-

Comm.

thcriacal.

''"''

i, 345)

(Cont. 1. ult.

E-hases

lungs, and

of the

ulcers

also held

thev

185

Serapion (c.229.)
Koi'ia,
Lixivium, Lye

named.

The
from

made

added

almost

from

vial Ashes

Lyes

or

called

also Rhases

composition

Avas

On

the

alkalies

Dutens

facient

Fleabane

in the

The

powers.

expels

the

ult.

has

lime.

aux

(Theatre

of

That

of them

YI.
with
the

of the

it

conyzai

of the

The

protostactos

Book

YI,

s.

9.)

further,

ancients, see
187.)

are

even

the

grows

mends
recom-

affections

(See

in

and

desiccant
the

cale-

oil in which

flowers

it

similar

have

menstruation, and

promotes

which

weaker

and

Modern.

speciesof

both

There

exactly the

Comm.

Even

same.

Avicenna

i, 214.)

lixivii of the

Cineres

decoction

Commentary.

mining

of Book

lisivius

Cinis

quinsy

third

foetus.

fetid and

Lixi-

/coi'i'a
rj aaf^tcrrog.

The

degree. Hence,
stops periodicalrigors; and

is boiled

more

or

in

potass and

of

name

the

(ii,2, 188.)

(Cont. 1.

(Decouvertes attrib.

Conyza,

of the

See
of them.
frequently mentioned
(i,186) ;
33) ; Dioscorides
Geopon. (v,"

most

one

this

Idyll, i.)

in Theocrit.

of

cineres

by

Phny (H. N. xv, 18) ;

Serapion (183) ; and A^dcenna
the lye of the mezerion
See

all is that

of

section

in the 9th

dried

the

to

sometimes

fig-tree is the

eye.

up

preparationsof potass mixed up

term
was
applied not only to

The

be

is then
lye caustic,which
principallywith medicines

the

them

also

quicklime is
(Schohastes

they

ancients

impurities

solution,but

those

are

of the

all of

were

so

quicklime

little

But

Commentary.

various

If

are

that

so

spurges,

the strongest
by injection.
quicklime alone.
have
account
We
given some

administered

prepared

the

ashes

of all

desiccative

septicpowers.

it renders

of

it were,

as

of

figs and

protostactos,being mixed

called

They

of

ashes

the

washings,

detergent and

ashes

the

to

most

possessed of

are

the

moist

situations

is

powers.
considerable

is

of the

Plants, i, 41), and

in
difficulty

ancients.

Spreugcl (Ad

See
Dioscor.

deter-

Parkinson

iii,
126.)

Comm.

'

186

CoMM.
"

'
'

SIMPLES.

The

preponderance

sion

that

/.

they

authority seems

Christi.

cratic

lesser

The

treatises.

from
differently
referable.

He

(H. N.,
follows

fetid

fragrant
would

63), where

XX,

Dioscorides

the

propertiesof
opinion that the

in

concur

abortion

procures
of

treat

Few, if any,

and

it is not

contained

of the

other

in the

author

main

the

to

as

authorities

the

is emmeuagogue,

Ebn

Baithar

the

to

seems

Thuback.

of

head

Arabians

Greek

greater

Our

All

conyza

in

are

cunilago of Pliny

in

plants.

greater

Hippo-

Ambrosia

being

the

ag-ree

pessaries.
confusedly under

it rather

(ii,1 50.)

be

at

conyzai

of Harduin.

note

these

the

as

third,

decided

has

bifi'ons. The

to

Galen, who

medicinal

which

to

Inula

as

in the

however,

conyza

appear

see

and

who,

greater

in medicine

employed

plants

the

of Dioscorides

conyza

the

to

as

the

conclu-

the

saxatUis, and

were

Dierbach,

marks

and

maritima,

and

Inula

convzse

See
us

the

to

early period,being frequently mentioned

very

the

lead

to

species of Inula, namely, the

were

viscosa, Act., the

/. oculus
a

all

of

[bookvii-

it ;

noticed

have

Pharmacopoeia.

Ko7r")oc,
all kinds

of it

are

nature, but

they

differ

Stercus, Dung
and

discutient
the

to

voids

it.

milk

(lacscissum),and

rubbed

cynanche

into

the

old

and

parts

been
and

the

whiter

admirable

with

skin

of

the
a

stag.

powers,

if the

as

Goat^s

especiallyupon
detergent and attenuate.

about

dried,

with

divided
cines.
medi-

the

tonsils,it is

These

complaints

The

who

only
It

have

dung

certain

that, not

amulet.

Avhich

suitable

children

upon

cording
ac-

not

of wolves

shrubs, is
in

may

be

an

draught,
fastened

sheep recently killed by a wolf, or

acrid and discutient,
dung, being more
when

tumours

hard

body

with

food.

an

flesh.
The

and, therefore,cures
whole

draught

of

is found

scirrhous

more

dung

animal

bones, when

on

in

the

honey.

colics,and

of

wool

with

much

too

remedy
appended

discusses

And

the

also when

either
the

for

fed

another

one

of

inflammations

which

sort

from

ulcers, if mixed

mixed

greatly relieved by
permitted to take

heating, desiccative,

diet

The

In

but

and

temperament

dung, then, of dogs

dysenteric affections if taken

cures

are

of

of

dung
the

persons

applied externally,

When
of

burnt
oxen

has

it is

tive
attrac-

some

stingsof

wasps

affected

with

more

and

bees.

dropsy

be

SIMPLES.

188

N.

phylacteries.(H.

CoMM.
"

burn

which

'

the

On

Faculties

it for

spitting of
loc. vii.) Dioscorides

sec.

it

as

an

appears
it

for the

prefersthe

red

The

red

in infantile

Moses

in his

time.

in the
a

See

date.

that

Charras,

held

coral

It

dysentery.

give it

to

us

recent

in

complaints

directs

coral, and

used

much

was

stances
sub-

those

article does

This

(v, 208.)

of these

cure

English Dispensatoryuntil
It

-with

Serapion, likewise,recommend

and

impalpable powder,

an

(ii),and

nigrum, corallinm,

et

astringent in haemoptysis and

from
the Royal Pharmacopoeia of

used

was

vii.

in Galenas
work
Hippocratic treatises,nor
of Simples.^ The
latter,however, prescribes
in another
blood
place. (De Comp. Med.

the

in

occur

Solinus

corallinm

album

adurunt,"

cantharides, pp-ethrum,
not

the

ranks

Yeratrum^

"

also

See

xxxii, 5.)

Celsus

Geopon. (xv, 1.)

"

[book

He

form

of

place in our
Quincy (101.)

It is still admitted

convulsions.

ing
Gray (Pharmacol. 146.) Accordto Dr.
Ainslie, the Tamool
practitionersprescribeit,when
Arabians
of diabetes
and bleeding piles.The
calcined, in cases
their astringentsand cordials.
(Mat. Ind. 52.)
place it among

to

be

The

antacid.

good

as

is there

the

title

the

see

de

to

be

stomach, liver,and
and

Cimices,
Some

'

'

that

CoxMMENTARY.

CoMM.
'

write

when

of the

as

substitute

asp.

in the

Ceramium

the

the

cially
espe-

Ai-abians,

brain, heart,

exhilarant

heart, and

of

are

cordial

and

an

acrid

nature.

vinegar they ejectleeches.

as

Buys
an

in

quartan

antidote

of leeches

which

to

the

garlic
have

been

from
PHny, apparently deriving his information
Dioscorides,ascribes to bugs alexipharmic properties of the
them
as
most
especiallycommends
general nature; and more
swallowed.

in syncope.

properly recommends
case

The

ingredient,is

an

of the

recommcuds

Galen

by

as

occurs

and
suffocation,

36.)
(ii,

for them

the

with

Dioscoridcs

of it

affections

animals

drunk

species of

use

excellent

an

these

iutermittents, uterine
bite

in cold

palpitationof

Buys;

copoeia,
Pharma-

Greek

(De Electariis,89.)
it

in which

womb;

in

restorative

the

Mesne.

on

efScacious

most

On

(77.)

Gemmis,

modern

ulvae, coufervse, but

with

up

commentators

Electarium
said

several

stated,comprehends
corallines.

the

Helmiuthochortos,which, however,

of

helminthochortum, mixed
red

in

is retained

sea-coralline
under

See

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

being

bite

the

against

remedy

189

of

N.

(H.

asps.

xxix, 17.)

Comm.
'

'

Arabians

The

See

herb

Coris, the

and

acrid

is

the

promotes

from

it

by

We

but

name,

find

cannot

it in

it cousists

For

of

which

is bitter, and

It has

also

small

inflammations
hot

some

in

it

other

of
of

also

quantity with

of the

of

is
of

treat

not

hypericum.

Arabians.

formed

opposite powers.
subtile
particles,
is tepid (mild?).

of

astringency,so
which
erysipelas,
the

discusses

wine, expels
the

as

to

accord

are

not

softer

The

remedies.

it disturbs

Comm.

pleurisy.
powers

to

powers

composed

sweet

and

does

watery juice,which

subtile

larger doses

Galen

works

part

degree

and

of

in

of

cases

small

taken

terrene

and

nature

the

is

is taken

Kopiov,

r;

Coriander,

Coriandrum,

of

cases

name

of its medicinal

in the

oooiavvov

in

strangury

164.)
(iii,
nearly similar

it described

draught,

It is also

and

This

Coris.

statement

ascribes

it,in

Wort)

oil.

Hypericum

Dioscorides.

from

of

spiders;

in with

author's

Our

54.)
(xx^"i,

addition.

any

discharges.

venomous

recommends

who

Pliny,

abridged

of

It is

Commentary.

respect-

{St.John's

fruit

the

menstrual

is rubbed

opisthotonosit

making

Hypericum

but

and

bites

the

for

remedy

call it

fragrant ;

urinary

recorded

(ii,2, 270.)

some

without

bugs,

Avicenna
particular

in

It

of

virtues

the medicinal

ing

had

Greeks

the

all that

copy

with
of

with

tumours

seed,

when

worms

drunk

but

too

when

understanding.

Comm.
sativum.
certainly is the Coriandrum
insists
but Galen
Dioscorides
says that its action is refrigerant,
it is calefacient.
that
Symeon Seth, jSIesue, as quoted by
authorities
of the ancient
adopt the opinion
Serapion,and most
Our
modem
to correspond
of Dioscorides.
\'iews would
seem

It

Commentary.

better

with

those

looked
carminative
are

of Galen
as

upon
and

stomachic.

Hippocrates. (359,
it to

it dim'etic.

be

etc.

stimulant,

ed.

coriander

Foes.)

was

The

Arabians

Celsus,

say

that

and

like

when

rally
gene-

being

as

this head

in the

used

refrigerant.(8 1, ed. Milligan.)

(Ibid.)

now

under

remarks

Galen's

The

being

coriander-seed

aromatic

an

highly interesting.

holds

He

age

of

Dioscorides,
also
the

calls

juice is

taken

CoMM.
'

'

"

[book

SIMPLES.

190

the

to

of four

extent

destructive

it proves

ounces,

VII.

of life.

Rhases
(Cont,
2, 143) ; Serapion (c.44) ; and
(ii,
of
it
is
that
soporific
possessed
i,229.)
They also hold
in
of
epilepsy, which
They prescribe it for the cure

Avicenna

'

1. ult.
powers.

they

case

stomach
in

retained

in

Medica.

Materia

our

holds

sativum

Pereira

See

the

from

ascends

place

still

is also

It

Pharmacopoeia. (58.)

Greek

modern

the

which

aura

Coriandrum

The

brain.

the

to

the

checks

it

say

(1073.)

Koj3uSoc
"J Ko|OuSaXXoCj
the Lark

Alauda,
is of

No

Commentary.

CoMM.

it,

scriptions of

""^

remarks,

that

'Birds;'

and

Natural
is

it when
copy

from

works

of

in

by Aristophanes, in his
(Idyll,vii.) It is
by Theocritus.
and

broth,

for the

Hippocrates

cure

says

author,

he

It

Celsus.

Dioscorides
from
gives extracts
brieflynoticed by Ebn Baithar
Serapion. (ii,329.)

in

would

there

praises

noticed

in

appear

that

the
it

describing it,merely

in

Galen.

and

on

Both, however,

is not

It

Serapion, who,

of

our

works

Galen

of colic.

(ii,59.)
and

their

in

yEHan

Like

name.

same

Dioscorides.

hanabroch

is the

Galen

cristata.

Alauda

the

was

de-

ancient

the

calls it Galerita.

Pliny

the

given

it

Aristotle

by

of

eat

from

doubt,

can

it is noticed

that

must

one

correctlydescribed

History.

herb

one

that

it is

mentioned

also

But

broth.

the

frequentlywith

and

'"

in colic aflFections.

use

plain broth
it perseveringly

with

boiled

when

this bird

nearly

(436.)
the

It is

also

terms

same

as

KojOWVOTTOUC^
Coronopus,
to

be

Buck's-hoi'n

It

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

"
'

English
is

Dioscorides

given

supply

as

any

the

medicine

additional

says

the

root

See

it is used

in colic,
information

of

it is believed

eaten.

Coronopus,

Plantago

Plantain.

Buckshorn

Quincy.

is

when

affections

in cohc

useful

Plantain

Parkinson,
as

called

Gerard,
of the

worth

and

that

potherb, and

(ii,157.) None
regarding it

in

it

others

quoting.

YioGTOQ,
Costos,

is

possessed of

greater degree of

an

acrid and

small
hot

degree
quality.

of

bitter,but

Wherefore,

when

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

191

deep-seated

part requires to be heated, or a

has recourse
to the surface, one

therefore

diuretic, emmenagogue,

also

flatulent

some

and

wine

with

drunk

to

is

It has
when

veuery
ischiatic

and

rubbed

when

periodicalrigors

with

It

costus.

with

suits

It

honey.

paralytic affections,and

excites

it

that

tracted
at-

anthelminthic.

and

so

powers,

the

to

humour

oil.

in with

Commentary.

We

should

it if

we

more

occupy

than

space

can

we

Comm.
'

afford
the
to

devote

to

to

general literature of
know
our
opinions

Appendix

supplied by

been

(Mat. Med.

ascertained

of

his Auklandia

the

that

Costus,

plffnt is
employed

in

held

not

the

recently,we

have

vulgaris,was

used

costus.
reason
as

of costus

Indian, and
of

the

is the

be

no

(See
to

same

doubt
M.

We

think,

attacks

add, that
as

often

was

Pharm.)

has
used

More

costmary, Balsamita

our

for

succedaneum

chiefly

the

costus,

it

Charras'

the

is

may

the

that

open

Cashmere

from

as

root

moist

medicine, but

the

not

the

ancient

costus.

The
three
624.)
described
by Dioscorides, namely, the Arabian,
been
to have
the Syrian, would
only
appear
substance.
He
same
says it is possessed of

(80) with

Parkinson

Compare

varieties

as

protecting bales of shawls

(Vegetable Kingdom, 708.)

of

place

the

In

Cashmere.

of

for

moths.''

kinds

ancients

the

plant inhabiting the

repute

although the zeduary be

been
supposed, there can
in

vale

slopes surrounding the

of

Pereira
Falconer

it, "Dr.

of

says

costus

152), and

Ind.

(Mat.

Lindley

Dr.

699.)

has

of

recent

very

Medicine, 88), Ainslie

Hindoo

the

to

has
respecting the costus
writers.
See
Koyle (Ant. of

interestinginformation

Much

us.

referred

Lexicon, already frequently quoted by

Dunbar's

to

feel curious

who

subject, are

this

on
disquisition

Those

this article.
on

into

enter

to

were

calefacient,diuretic,and

Hill

(M.

M.

and

powers,

emmenagogue

is useful

fomentations, and fumigations.

pessaries,
it as being alexipharmic,expectorant,
He
recommends
aphrodisiacal,vermifuge, a good application externally in
paralytic cases ; and, in short, he gives it nearly the same

in

uterine

characters
Galen.

affections,in

as

Aetius

authorities
than

quote

on

author, who

our

and
the

what

Oribasius

Mat.

Med.

him

evidentlycopies from
do

the

in like

The

same.

do

manner,

Dioscorides, Galen,

and

our

and

Arabian

little
author

more

have

192

SIMPLES.

written

CoMM.
'

on

Avicenna

'

Rhases

subject. See Rliases (Cont. 1. ult. i, 236)

and
(ii,2, 161) ; Serapion (c. 318.) Avicenna
that

agree

One

is useful

costus

instrument

and
of

it dries
of

in

in sciatica ; and
an

that

Celsus
It is
the

and

menstruation.

mentions

it

often

noticed

The

classic

authors.

costus,
in

occur

with

along

with

by

of

foetus,

character
have

we

been

of

works

Hippocrates.
(iv,14-,et alibi).

aromatics

and

ointment

See

and

means

kills the

as

oil of

nerves,

it

far

as

the

other

precious

the

the

join in givingit the

All

not

as

made

of

sprinkled

that

(per embotum),

purpose

discover^ does

when

states

coldness

fumigation

ulcers

authorities

relaxation

being alexipharmic.
to

humid

up

Rhases's

for the

promotes

able

vii.

the

them.

over

[book

aromatic

N.

by

Columella

xii,24);
PHny (H.
20); Propertius (iv,6, 5); Lucan
(ix,917); Horace
1, 41); Ovid (Met. X, 308.)

(xii,

(Carm. iii,

K.OTv\y]C(vv,

Cotyledon, Navel-ivort,is coohng, repellent,detergent,and

discutient.

along

eaten

'
"

believed

is

with

the

Galen.

application to

inflammatory

the
under

(Cont. 1.

ult.

Cochleae, Snails,
cative

and

nature,

dysenterieswhen
four

parts

of

serrata.

of

these,

they drop

added.

oflF

are

author's

is

abridged
strongly as an

it

flammatio
inerj'sipelatous

between

which

Therap.

ad

he

has

stated

(ii.)

Glauc.

burnt

when
somewhat

one

part

are

of

heating.
has
of

They

See

taken

pepper,

and

place,if
and
to

in
to

parts of

two

Unburnt,

and

desic-

useful

are

yet

not

white

moderately

triturated
they are
whole
to the
belly in dropsicalcomplaints,and
in arthritic,with
to
advantage, being allowed

galls be

diuretic.

Our
and

are

i, 138.)

mortification

them,

C.

erysipelasand

in his work

it

which
species,

two

recommends

distinction

nice

coriander, and

Rhases

former

of

leaves

and
lithontriptic

the

further

Galen

the

describes

and

the

descriptionapplies to

when

they prove

Dioscorides

Cotyledon umbilicus,

from

that

the root,

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

It

applied

the

remain

joints
until

the

whole

they dry

is the
y(lpacuog

Helix

Pomatia,

spontaneously;

upon

stronglydeep-seated humours.
CoMM.

Commentary.

The

k.

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

Escargot, or
by the Roman

The

Pliny,in

like manner,

of their medicinal

they

other

Celsus, on

the

of food.

Horace

to

Testis

cochlea.

Potorem

Cornus, the Cornel

astringent of the

"

it

as

belly when

It is the

abridges Galen's
of

it in the

for

cholera,diabetes, and

Rhases

same

cases

(Cont. 1. ult.

as

digested.

the

whet

articles

weak

ti'ee

being

eaten.

The

of hard

appetite.

sour,

proves

lichen,
The

Dioscorides

(ii,72.)

Ai'abians

Greeks, and

the

See

vomiting.
357.)

and

leaves
as

to

bodies.

Mas.

Cornus

of it.

account

the

strongly desiccative,so

applicationto

an

that

latter says

et Afra

fruit of the

strongly
are
shoots, by their sourness,
wounds
agglutinatethe largest
mends

they

account

same

Satir.

the

'

forbidden

was

when

among

recreabis
squillis

marcentem

Commentary.

them
that

say

The

nutntious

very

hand, ranks

seems

it,however,

author.

our

digest,but

(de R. R. iii,14) and

give nearly the

Galen

propertiesas

difficult to

are

for

and

Comm.

Hippocratic treatises,the
(De fistul.)
procidentia ani.
in dysentery. (H. N.
them

recommends

Dioscorides

delicacy

the

of

one

esteemed

was

Yarro
of

use

recommended

are

vii,30.)

See

gourmands.

cochlete

snail

The

Vinegar Snail.

Pliny (H. N. ix, 25.)

In
by the ^Mosaic law.

193

Comm.

recom-

Our

author

speak favorably

also

recommend

Ancenna

it

(ii,
2, 315),

K-pafxpri,
Brassica, Cabbage
powers

both

but

it is not

and

ill-conditioned

to

discuss.

it

cures

when

of

and

with

The

wild

hence
The

eaten

which
and

ulcers,and

cures

Its

seed

esculent

is
when

It therefore

It is also somewhat

cative
desic-

appliedexternally,
agglutinateswounds

tumours

which

detergent,by
when

has

drunk

which

kills

difficult

arc

property

worms,

and

The
Egyptian cabbage does this.
its stalks when
burnt
are
possessedof caustic powers,
are
applicablein chronic pains of the sides.
grease
is

of

the

stronger than

it cannot

be

taken

sea-cabbage being
III.

sort

sensiblyacrid.

leprosy.
the seed
especially
ashes

that

the

garden cabbage
internallywithout

saltish and

bitterish

in all respects ;

incouA-enience.

loosens

the
13

belly.

194

SIMPLES.

Commentary.

CoMM.

The

doubt

comprehended

dwells

largely on
terms

same

as

and

pharmic,
and

it

and

nearly the
and

The
down

set

to

Brassica
the

being

as

sylvestris
Brassica
and

incana, Zenor.),he says, is agglutinative of wounds,

cutient

swellingsand inflammations.
To the
unpleasant to the taste.

not

of

soldanella) he assigns the

Galen

146, 14-7, 148.)

Its

same

gives nearly the

half

is

raw

laxative,but

great length

at

the

Greeks.
its

says

blistered

it

and

that
of

the

after

with

up

the

in like manner,

First

the

stated

have

Book,

cabbage

counteracts

brassicse

held

ancient

character

in
all

down

are

Persians.

largely from

white

of

the

of

Ainslie

it

expels

commentary

the

ancient

to

of

Avicenna
the

on

Dispensatory, and

to

its ashes

ult.

i, 198.)

(ii,
2, 139.)

held
of

coction
de-

95th

authorities

worm.
tape-

gout, and

(Contin. 1.

intoxicating powers
our

the

recommends

joints in

egg.

our

in

stores

especiallywhen

more
an

the

quoted by Rhases,

authorities

burning,

brassica

of

post coitum, will prevent

decoction

section
that

of
the

wine.

The

retained

their

See
date.
comparatively recent
still more
recently Quincy. (116.)

Culpeper, and
still much
prized as
See

kinds

authorities

same

the

Parkinson,

They

Celsus, the brassica when

Serapion (c.32) and

place

the

the

injectionto

an

different

applicationto

an

as

surfaces

mixed

we

the

Arabian

the

boiled, astringent,(ii,
29,

seed, if applied per vaginam

of

As

twice

of

of

account

same

as

to

usual, drawing

of the

Another

See

when

treat

as

One

impregnation,

are

ii.) According

Arabians

The

30.)

INIulieb.

is

says,

Hippocratic treatises,the

In
the
species of brassica.
decoction
of cabbage is recommended

(De

he

cyme,

dis-

sea-cal)bage{Convolvulus
author,
characters
as
our
(ii,

three

womb.

alexi-

application to erysipelas,

an

gangrene.

inclines

(which Sprengel

in

salts,he says, it breaks

anthrax,
mixed
with
milk, it is a good application

spreading

to

as

Dioscorides

it laxative

calls

no

with

lepros}^
;

boiled

when

He

recommends

epinyctis,and

properties,but

medicinal

vit.

tlie ancieuts

species of cabbage.

author.

our

of

sativa

Brassica

several

its

[book

medicines

by

the

Ai'abians

and

(M. Ind.)

Kparnioyoi'oi',
Cratseogonon j
cold

like

millet.

the

fruit of this herb

is acrid

to

the

taste

and

CoMM.
"
'

[book

SIMPLES.

196

the

seed

bad

fennel, and

of

recommends

boiled

when
further

Galen, Aetius, and

(ii,108.)

in

nearly the
nearly the same
Avicenna

much

terms

same

He

Arabians

medicine.

as

be

given

Baithar

treats

give
See

barley-water
he

says,

pure,

and

of

it at

as

it

of

treat

The

recommends

it is to
Ebn

fennel.

parsley and

its Adrtues

fevers, being,

fevers

in hot

cooling ;

in

Oribasius,

author.

our

of

530.)

drink

as

statement

(ii, 2,
as

digestive of swellings. He further

flammation
barley for discussing boils and inSee
with
figs and honeyed water.

of

flour

the

diuretic, detergent, flatulent,

is

stomach, and

for the

VII.

very
and

diluent

cold, with

in

great length,

(ii,97.)
Crimnon,
of

Bran

the

is so named, being
sjjclt
indigestible.

more

CoMMEXTAUY.

CoMM.

meal

it

It
also

was

part of

thick

the

polenta,but

than

nutritious

more

is,properly speaking, groats

applied

spelt

to

and

the

coarse

for

the

belly.

binding

meal

porridge,they add,

is

spelt which

of

the

From

author's

our

of

Galen

and

toasted

been

has

meal

coarse

coarse

or

speciesof grain

other

whom
See
Dioscorides, from
coarselyground.
Dioscorides
of it is principally
Both
taken.
account
recommend

and

of wheat

flour

wheat, pap

or

prepared.
Ko/cov,

Lilium, the Lily

composed

of

substance

of

from
w

ell with

leaves
and

CoMM.
*

it

subtile

part,

moderate
of

being

is of
a

mixed

terrene,

temperament.
a

inflammations

discutient
of the

and

uterus.

desiccative, detergent,and

are

hence

useful

are

for Avounded

'

its flower

nerves,

Commentary.

for burns.
with

Without

The

being

temperament,

and

certain

Hence
emollient
The

nature

root

of

watery
oil

the

posed
com-

agrees

it and

its

moderately discutient,
juice of

it is serviceable

oxymel.
doubt

it is the

Lilium

candidum.

Dioscorides

praises the seed of the lily,given in wine, as

antidote
the same
to poisonous serpents ; and, by the way,
an
is given of it by Walafridus
character
Strabo in the ninth century,
in the tenth,
and by INIacer Floridus
Dioscorides
further recommends
it
forth.

as

He

and
so
application to burns, ulcers, erysipelas,
further
describes
a
species of lilium with purple
an

SIMPLES.

in.]

SECT,

flowers, which
the
but

main

in the

lib',of

recommends

it

leprosy,and
the

in old

(c. 189)

of

and

Ebn

Baithar

oil of

Baithar

treats

Avlien

with

burning

of the

lilyat

applied
hyo-

that

hot

given internalh',

lilies

(v,

to

all agree

They

applications to

the

(ii,68.)

antidote

an

as

mushrooms.

of

2, 436); Serapion
(ii,
Ebn

and

animals,

the

says

i,422)

same

burns,

application to

an

Avicenna

see

it the

both
general alexipliarmic,

venomous

best

the

Avicenna
ileos.

as

coriander,

scyamus,
one

of

oil,as

1. ult.

(Cont.
it

bites

the

and

Arabians,

Rhases

commend

They
to

the

For

17, 18.)

wine

of

diseases

leaves

the

of

to

scabies,

as

briefly give

decoction

such

skin,

Oribasius

species,

applications

particularlyto

very

mentions

Celsus

characters.

also

and

Aetius

uterus.

lilyboiled

and

achores,

the

former

the

external

in

of

diseases

only

article,

medicinal

the

to

Comm.

be

might
this

elaboratelyon

he mentions

principally

and

ulcers,

wounds,

which

This

unguents.

as

and

Pamphylia,

of

Dioscorides

with

agrees

"vdrtues of the
He

of

Avrites

Galen

Martagon.

LiJium

Pisidia

and

Syria

composition

for the

famous

was

in

grows

197

it is

water.

in

is usefid

great length.

very

KoOfCOOttXtOJ',
Crocodilium

; the

and

emmenagogue
and

black

are

chamseleon

inclined

who
those

hold

join

to

it to

who

refer

(Theatre

of

iii,10.)

Galen

is diuretic

it to the

being possessed,he
The

root

of blood

from

able

discover

to

says, of similar

the

except

translator

holds

in

traces

Ebn

it to be

the

Wc

it in

Mat.

of

the

(ii, 253.)

Eryngium

maritimum.

after

Comm.
'

herbalists,
than

Parkinson

Dioscor.

seed

produces

pectorant,
ex-

therefore

(Ad

is useful

(Do Simpl. vii.)

Baithar.

the

and

an

acrid, and

and

powers,

expectorant,

nostrils.
auv

Arabians,

is

We

See

juice of

The

emmenagogue.

nose.

and

Sprengel

aromatic

the

it.

maritimum.
and

as

vulgaris, rather

Carlina

988)

use

immediately

commentators

the

calls its seed

it

desic-

therefore,

are,

by

compares

Eryngium

Plants, 971,

and

diseases.

been

have

he

modern

the

of blood

describes

which

to

and

is of great

root

discharge

Dioscorides

Commentary.
the

possessed of

are

powers,

the

occasions

it

juice of

and

discutient

and

cative, heating,
diuretic

seed

and

in
a

sa3^s it

nephritic

discharge

luive not
]Med.
His

stalk

of

been
the

German

'

SIMPLES.

198

[book

VII.

JLpoKog,
Crocus, Saffron,
of the

of

is

the

first of desiccative

second

of

order

medicines.

It is also

and

heating

astringent and

digestive.
Without

Commentary.

CoMM.

Dioscorides

Statins

(v,22)

regard

to

its

Thessalus
other
dr.

iij,but

it is

that

that

applicable

cure

in

See,

(i,25.)

like

it
we

mention

may

the

mistakes

first,with

the

Greeks

of the

than

cases

more

Rhases

(Cont.

held

that

One

of Rhases^s

the

fatal.

breathing

stomachic
of the

and

ancient

he

in

i,241);

in

authorities
Another

says

appetite.

improves

the

eyes,

in the
who

calls

the

By

evidently
from

way,
means

the

therefore

stances
sub-

evidently

Galen

degree, and
Arabians

See

of

the

in doses
of

says

Symeon

in

drying

in

the

views

great many
Thus

difficult

liver

of three

mirth, and the

involuntary laughter, immoderate
which
from
result
intoxicating liquors. From

spleen.
di'achms

it

improves

that

says

large doses

they

labour,

and

it,that
Seth

recommend

He, Serapion,
in

his

Serapion (c. 173)

cases

of

and

adopt

cordial, and

in

that

of

of urine

occurs

(ii,
2, 126.)

colour.

authorities,affu'm

the

Celsus,

prescribe it

that

of them

of

It

(1.c.)

The

obstructions

doses

namely, verdigris,orpi-

second

it

in

discharge

is evident

Avicenna

used

the

on

some,

(196.)

aphrodisiacaland
also

that

mentions

sub-astringent,and

of

author.

the

i.)

defluxions

predecessors.

They

and

With

Milligan,

virtues, but

its

their

deobstruent

as

it proves

to

Antid.

works

astringency.

it is both

and

Dr.

is often
Celsus

and

discutient.

his

of

heating

1. ult.

accordingly.
a

editor.

some
as

the

best

Pliny (xxi,6) ;

deadly poison

enumerated,

is

meaning

call it

followers

it

His

"c.

ment,

it

which

fragrant,while

applications,as

which

with

the

by purgative, Celsus

that

external

cleansing in

say, that

Pliny (1.c.)

in

and

purgative, emolhent,

it to

producing

manner,

Hippocratic treatises,and

varieties

economy,

it is

for

surfeit,and

for

different

(De

erysipelasand

to

the

Corycus,

it is diuretic

truth

in

of the

Galen

merely

that

sativus.

See

animal

the

on

maintained

hand,

action

Crocus

Mount

authors.

(Silv.v, 3, 41)

held

therefore
as

classical

by

to

is

Suffice

Ciciliau,from

the

decidedly was
alluded

in his time.

used

were

it

interesting account

gives an

of it which

doubt

and

it

is

other

it occasions
other

effects

late

experi-

SIMPLES.

111.]

SECT.

it would

ments,

that

appear

199

its

had

powers

been

much
It was
GOG.)
(Mat. Med.
Hist,
See Beckmann's
ancients
a perfume.
as
Joh.
Bodreus
a
Stapel (Ad Theophrast. H.
Its
Hertodt's
Crocologia/ as quoted by him.

used

Pereira

See

of

'

has

ahvays

Cepa, Onion,
its

the

is of

consisting

substance

hemorrhoids

applied to

detergent,and
it occasions

juice is

continued

removes

more

useful

in

it

of

thick

with

alphos
rapid growth

suffusion

and

and

vi, 6),

medical

and

matter,

he

use,

hence

It is also

them.

opens

'
*

heating medicines,

of

order

fourth

the

by

Orientals.

the

among

Comm.
'

Inventions/

P.

'

adds,

overrated.

vinegar ;

of hair

than

sufficiently
in

and

alopecia
alcyouium. Its
from

vision

of

dimness

when

thick

humours.
It

Commentary.

is the

Allimn

Cepa,

onion.

or

Galen,

Comm.

it as an
application in
Serapion recommend
Dioscorides
of alopeciaor Porrigo decalvans.
says that
the
discharge of
applied it as a suppositoryto promote
into the nose
its being introduced
piles,and he mentions

Dioscorides, and
cases
some

blind

promote the discharge from

honey, he recommends
rue, and

it.

to

He

says

it

and

concocts

hard

breaks

and

this head

abridge

than

given by Dioscorides.
(ii,29) and a diuretic
in
at

1.
as

Celsus

the

He

(ii,
31.)

bites

rabid

of

author, do
ample

more

salt,

dogs.
the

Upon

tumom^s.

our

calls it

with

cataplasm

it for the

whole, Galen, Aetius, Oribasius,

under

As

little

more

of

account

it

aperient of the bowels

an

it to be chewed

recommends

Arabians
of it
treat
paralysisof the tongue, (iv,2.) The
(Cont.
(ii,2, 119) ; Bhases
great length. See Avicenna
of it
ult. iii,
18) ; Serapion (c. 354.)
They speak fa^"orably
a

rubefacient, and

pharmical

all ascribe

great

it

to

powers

as

an

alexi-

medicine.

Kua^tocj
Faba,
as

the
to

detergent.
chest
renders

remedy

and
the

Bean,

is not

cooling and
It agrees,

lungs.
whole

far

drying.

from

bean,

when

skin

is

ment
temperasomewhat

also

expectorationsfrom

having
boiled

middle

Its flesh

therefore, with

Its outer

for cteliac and

removed

in

also

some

astringency

oxycrate,

dysenteric affections.

In

the

suitable

cataplasm

"

SIMPLES.

200

it

inflammations

cures

the

We

have

ficultjof determining exactly tlie

'

See

Parkinson
of the

Httle

the

which

Nehunbiuni

former,

the

there

The

Lindley (Yeget. King. 414.)

probably a varietyof our
formerly stated,was

we

characters

whom

Galen

of

both

and

says

the

flour

of it made

Egyptian
into

and
afi'ections,
of the
medicines.
Rhases

(c.97);
in

agree

is

Cyanus,

in

Arabians

The

1. ult.

i, 279.)

beans

for

Dioscorides

stomachic

speciesof bean, both

Aviceuna
See in particular,

commending

bean.

small

bean,

and

poultice,answers

(Cont.

aff'ections of the

as

that

the

dysentericand
give a

very

articles

of

colic

full
food

count
ac-

and

2, 241); Serapion
(ii,
Avicenna

and

spittingof blood,

Rhases

and

other

chest.

possessed

greater

powers,

in earache.
two

Greek

only of the
is astringent

They treat, however,

other,

fully stated by Dioscorides, from

borrow
largely under this head.

are

author

our

be

can

Sprengel (Ad

See

speciosum.

bandry
(Hus-

species,the

two

ii,128), and

The

as

of

faba.

Dickson

describes

dif-

ancient

the

and

Plants, 1054)

Dioscorides

Greek,

is the

doubt,

Dioscor.
as

Ancients.)

and

Egyptian

of

(Theatre

of

nature

the

Book

First

in the

stated

'

'

in

mUk

dispelsthe

swellings,and

and

vii.

breasts.
Commentary.

CoMM.

[book

those

than

acrid, purgative, and

of
of

the

It has

cinnabar.

discutient
also

some

astringency.
'
"

Lazuli,

and

determines

Matthiolus

Commentary.

CoMM,
'

Sprengel

with

agrees

some
containing copper
the L. Laz.
Serapion describes

have

nearly

been

in

the

that

it

was

the
a

impurities,and

and

Lapis Lazuli, and,

him

be

it to

the

and
dp/jLeviov

fact, the

thing.

same

nearly
by the
ap^dviov

He

Lapis

mineral
allied

to

of

name

to

seem

Kvavog

recommends

it

as

black
bile.
Rhases, in his chapter
pm'gative which evacuates
of Dioscorides
and
the Lapis Lazuli, gives the observations
on
and
in his chapter on
the
the
Galen
Lapis
on
ap/uLeviov,

Armemis,

he

393, 404.)
nium

and

compares

following is

The

"

cyanus

it to

the

SprengeFs

Armenium

simile.
lapidi LazuH
ipsas penetrans mineram

Id

Lajjis Lazuli

est

in
aeris

cuprum

australibus
arenosam

(Cont.

account

of

1. ult.

the

carbonicum

i,

arme-

terreum,

petris arenosis, has

format.

Ea

vocatur

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

KvavoQ." (Ad Dioscor.

acquainted with

person

the

that

decidin"-

mineralogy
and

would

regarding it, we

information

author

Our

Lexicon.

in the

this head

article under

varieties

refer

that

copies

is to

m.
'
*

the

say, the
further

For

and

(Hist,of Invent.),and
to Dunbar^s

Appendix

his

of

Matthiolus

to

Com

difficuky in

(566.)

c), Beckmann

Dioscor.

Sprengel (Ad

were

of Cleavcland

copper"

stated,any

no

can

armenium

been

have

copper" by Jameson,

of

carbonate

"blue

-oliat has

105.) From

cyunus

"blue

called

mineral

our

v,

201

it from

of

account

Greek
Galen.

external
application,
only as an
rative
possessedof repressing,moderately septic,escharotic,and ulce(v, 106.) The Arabians, Avho, however, evidently
powers,
from
the lapislazuli,
do not
distinguishproperly this mineral
Dioscorides

recommends

recommend

it

boiled

person

Greek

writers

these

prescribesit

times

also the

blue

or

cyanus

lapislazuH.

the

the

See

the
has

copper
M.

(M.

Lewis

found
con-

Theophanes

See

(i, 30.)

specificin

as

Arabians,

lapis lazuli.

the

143); Myrepsus

(c. 125,

Nonnus

in

also prescribes

He

medicine, like the

on

with

substance

this

emetic

an

pain of the kidneys. See Avicenna

(c. 389.)
(Cont. 1. ult. i, 692) /Serapion

(ii,2, 56); Rhases

later

as

poison.

any

When

pm-gative.

and

asthma

it in

The

says, it acts

swallowed

has

who

and

emmenagogue

an

as

lentils,Avicenna

with

of

case

it

modern

In

plague.

with

confounded

been

of

former

The

ii,50.)

Ys^vKXcif-Uvoq,
Cyclaminus, Soio-bread,
it

the

cleanses,incides, opens

the

them,

Along

with

honey

kills the

foetus.

juice,is

also

to

the

amount

To

the

skin

the

but

The

strong,

so

it also

proves

to

along

drunk

detergent.

The

(calledCissanthemon)

its fniit is

drastic,so

that

when

for

discusses;
opens

other

things.
by the
purges
loosens
the belly
weaker

Avith

drachms, it purges

and

epigastrium,it
whole
root, though
when

powers

hemorrhoids
with

the

that

of three

sow-bread

speciesof
use,

into

various

vessels,and

suffusions

with

it agrees

rubbed

applied

hardness

discusses

AVhen

nose.

and

it

and

of

mouths

it,therefore, when

of

juice

possessed of

is

the
root

is of

than

the

honeyed

water

internal

parts.

of
no

drunk

the

other

medicinal
it acts

like

former.
Commentary.

Dioscorides

treats

at

considerable

length

of

Comm.

SIMPLES.

202

the

CoMM.

medicinal

virtues

of

[book

species,which

former

the

'

'
"

clamen

hydragogue,

emmenagogue,

diseases

the

other

of

which

he

recommends

also the

lochial

The

with

scholiast

it in sucli terms

shows

He

whole

external
he

of

nothing

the

of

extent

jaundice, and

the

clothes,when

he

says

it purges
in

but

whence

information

and

it under
the

the

on

countrymen.
Sow-bread, which,
bile,when

of

purger
a

only

not

when
the

liniment

emmenagogue,
as

induration

rubbed
both
pessary,

of the

ing
evacuat-

covered

when

into

of

supply

in

of

cases

with

his

many
He

body.
the

skin.

mouth,
Rhases

Panis

Falaniios,or

Sow-bread.

name

species

(ii,
(De Simpl.
be given to

up

the

an

Avicenna

given by

rubbed

as

it

Arabians

mulse

bile from

names

English

his

the

the

out

by

The

it to

or

then

Dioscorides, Galen, Oribasius,

from
the

body,

suppository,and

(1.c.) describes
cinus,

the

sweat

wine

be

to

that

it

Mesne

directs

with

and

other

head.

281)

Avicenna

patient is
will

this

when

authorities

Greek

portant
im-

very

both

viscus,but

spleen. The

1. ult.

(Cont.

confusedly. See

drachms

three

as

of

writes

also recommends

other

somewhat

Ehases

vaginam

the

he

under

it

mara.
Dulca-

cyclaminus

Galen

upon

68.)

xxv,

the

menstruation,

of the

The

Serapion (c. 259.)

looked

hardness

interest

the

applied per
sweats

asthma.

much

2, 6, 61, 271)
26)

with

largely,but

of it

treat

recommends

it promotes

when

applicationin

praises

he

N.

it to be

only by purging

body

in

the

Dulcamara

Solanum

(Ad Idyll,v.)

that

says

jaundice,not
the

ivy,

being

as

holding

in

chilblains.

internallyand

cures

His

the

like

coughs (H.

for

remedy

Theocritus

on

as

article.

the

as

in

vaginam.

down

set

others

Dodonseus

applicationto

taken

and

speciesas

agrees

an

commentators

errhine

an

leaves

having

as

Cy-

tion
splenicaffections,in orthopnoea,and retendischarge, (ii,193, 194.) Pliny recommends

in

second

Harduin

as

the

as

suppository per

the

was

being phlegmagogue^

as

alexipharmic;

describes

Periclymemim,

of the

as

and

he

of

some

Lonicera

and

head,

species,which

and

it

recommending

Europanmi,

vii.

His

por-

extracts

Bimasay comprise all

subjectpossessedby his Grecian masters

Mesne
like

taken

when
and

spleen.

gives a
the

the
taken

as

very

Avicenna,

by

into

and

Even

he

mouth,

belly;
by
tried
as

he

the

elaborate

praises as
in

also

late

as

the

on

general

and
suppository^,

praises it

mouth

remedy

article

and
in

as

when

jaundice

days

of

an

plied
apand

Quincy,

204

SIMPLES.

[book

vii.

Ki;7raoi(7(70g,

Cupressus, Cypress

of desiccative

possessed

the

useful
CoMM.

in intestinal

It

Its

balsamic
and

it for

and

(c.55.)

give

Avicenna

nut, in

others

as

others, he

and

these

in

in

remedy

it is celebrated

the

it is

by

are

of

and

of the

and

haemoptysis

an

it,

little
Galen,

especially

more

; he

nose

and

as

does
and

Dioscorides

by

authors

many

Serapion

cypress,

polypus

and

diarrhoeas

requiring astringents,and

among

also

speaks

Like

dysuria.

the

good applicationin ruptures, (ii,2, 146.)

(Cont. 1. uJt. i, 216.) The cypress is found
a

commended
held

various

Avrites fully of

Galen

Hippocratica,^ and

Flora

herbalists, and
of

of it
the

cases

the

particular recommends

Dioscorides.

notices

cases

Rhases

cypress-nuts

anthrax.

from

applicationto

of it in

further

time

cure

powerfully astringent

excellent

recommends

says

'

the

various

an

favorably

in

it in

Dioscorides

largely

than

See

as

Pliny
for

haemoptysis. (H. N. xxiv, 10.)

is

an

such,

as

this

in

called

was

stopping bleeding, for agglutinating wounds,

more

the

of

-nut

it proves

modern.

borrows

is

the

Latins.

the

by

recommend

applicationto erysipelasand
but

and

Syst.

globular shape,

Pikda;

cases

cypress

dysenteries,and,

ancient

of

recommends

Serapion

hence

and

in

and

The

cases.

(Tab.

Stackhouse

See

fruit,being

stings of serpents,
other

grene
gan-

be

to

by the Greeks
(j(pcti^ia
(H. N. xvii, 14.)
Pliny
and

so

trouble,

without

are

that

moist

unquestionably

appears

sempervirens

Dioscorides

it

hernia.

Commentary.

Theophrast.)

of

heat,
In

bodies.

deep-seated humours

consumes

Cupressiis

in hard

shoots

sensible

liaving no

powers,

they agglutinate large wounds

it

and

fruit

spherical

in

that

of

astringents by

as

place

in

our

Dispensatory

Celsus.
all

older

our

late

as

The

as

the

Quincy. (93.)

TLvirepog,
Cyperus,
it

Hence
in
has

some

and

heating

promotes

wonderful
also

is

the

cicatrization
and

manner,

incisive

desiccative,
of

relieves

quality,and

is

the

those

without
more

in the

pungency.
humid
mouth.

ulcers
It

lithontriptic,
diuretic,and

emmenagogue.
CoMM.

Commentary.

It

is

undoubtedly

the

Cyperus

rotundus.

SIMPLES.

SECT.

III.]

Our

author's

and

is confirmed

of its medicinal

account

indebted

are

mouth, and
ancients

the

as

of

gives

confused

also

the

by

occasion

without

pain

poured

or

hot

is mixed

We

Commentary.

ral literatiu'e of this

Suffice

discussion.

deciding it
which

Veg.

wort,

and

the

the

henna

feet

of

was

of

resembling
refer

to

it

to

afterwards^

the

Mat.

Med.

describe

be

with

henna

an

with

mations
inflam-

aphthae,

from

it

it under
Aral)ic

created
have

we

good

now

genedeal

by

plant

Lindley's
staining their

Dioscorides

He

yellow.

mentions

says

soapof the

(unguentum cyprinum),that it is
fragrant, (i,124.) Galen, Aetius,

same

the

characters
name

prefix.

(De Simpl. 110),

Avicenna

from

and

Galen.

of
See

as

our

author.

alcanna, Avhich
in

The

seems

to

particularScrapion

(ii,2, 50.)
They say its

Eotli
virtues

copy
in

'

'

of

hesitation

no

juice of saponaria,or

hairs

Comm.

See

for

females

colour.

painting the

the

entering upon

is obtained.

in the

and

Dioscorides

it,when

inermis, namely, the

Egypt

orange

give it the

Arabians

of

agrees

of

desiccative

it also relieves

has

Lawsonia

calefacient, emollient, and

Oribasius

possessed

are

decoction

burns, and

say, that

of its leaves

prepared

the

decline

It is used
an

for

used

tops

chewed

must

it to

be

to

infusion

an

ointment

and

notice
into

of

name

Dioscorides

astringent,and

subject,which

King. (575.)

liands
that

the

splenicremedies.

with

up

for

When

nature.

and

Hence

pungency.

part, is useful

on

of

from

to

introduced

Ligustrum, Privet; its leaves

mixed
being discutient and
powers,

in

emmenagogue.

inclined

are

Medica

Materia

root

gogue,
emmena-

Arabians.

the

and

character

also Lewis.

see

Sprengel

substances

describing the

when

and

shall have

We

Curcuma.

in ulcers

under

species having

Matthiolus

Both

ginger.

Indian

an

diuretic, recommends

same

and

it

'

plasters,
(i,4.)

in the

of

account

Cyprus (Engl. Dispens. i, 1, 69) ;

describes

and

emollient

occurs

'

of

gives it the

emmenagogue,

also calls it deobstruent

Tournefort, who

Quincy

It likewise

diuretic.

and

Comm.
'

All

stomachic, deobstruent,

it

Galen,

Rliases.

Hill, gives it nearly the

calls

he

an

as

ingredient in

an

as

from

Dioscorides, who

to

complaints

author. Dr.

modern

and

being calefacient,anastomotic,

of

it in uterine
of the

is taken

uses

by Serapion, Avicenna,

them, however,
character

205

freely
female

SIMPLES.

206

CoMM.

complaints

are

praiseit

similar

those

to

[book
of the

vii.

Draconis.

Sanguis

All

'

'
*

as

burning.

vulnerary herb^ and

They

further

commend

Ebn

Baithar

treats

plaster.
338.) It would
a

and

its leaves

Cytisus;
like those

have

been

held

discutient
in

those

Indica

and

190.)
(ii^

tepidnature^

it to

says

the

Tree-medick

its leaves

cooling

are

of it

diuretic

which

one

is

2, 24.)
spleen, (ii^

the

that

medicine, and

is

it

of

possessed

cold

extremely

is obvious.

powers

It appears

Commentary.
'

Stoerck

maculatum.
the

Mat.

See

applied externally,and diuretic when

and
the other
Greek
(iv,iii.) Galen
thorities
aulike our
author.
Avicenna
very succinctly,

Cicuta, Hemlock

'

refer

who

Dioscorides

it as
brieflyrecommends
applicablein diseases of

'

cine
medi-

Hindostan.

gently discutient

as

when

decoction,
treat

CoMM.

great length, (i,

very

physicians of

as

maturely weighing the opinions which

tation
respecting this classical herb, we have no hesi-

agreeing with
[Medicago arbor ea L.)
taken

of

are

quinsy

privetis still used

of it in Ainslie^s

in

and

it at

After

'
"

of

pleurisyand

of

cases

of melons.

Commentary.

CoMM.

it in

the

native

the

dye by

interestingaccount

very

"

that

appear

good applicationin

Bergius, contrary

physicians,affirm

ancient

however,

and

unquestionably to

doubtful.

seems

poison

in the

to have

been

Fifth

We

Book.

much

used

that

it is

have

As

the

Conium

the

opinions of
aphrodisiacal. This,
to

treated

medicine

latterly,
although

be

of its effects
it does

not

Dioscorides

as

appear

says

that

in the
inspissatedjuice is of great use
healing ai't,being
in anodyne collyria,
and used
mixed
with
wine
a
as
cataplasm
and
He
also
of erysipelas
for the cure
herpes.
speaks of its
its

being applied as
the

cataplasm

pollutionocturni
;

and

to

the

to

somni, and

the

testicles for the

with

breasts,in order

the
to

atrophied,(iv,79.) Galen, Aetius,

them

author, merely
that

it is

appear

state

of

it,in their

view

of

works

Galen

was

in the

and

in

the

Mat.

of
potence
im-

render

Oribasius,like

possessed of intenselyrefrigerantpowers.

that

inducing

dispelmilk
and

removal

our

Med.,

It would

practice of administering it inter-

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

207

givesComm.
nally.(T. ii,451, ed. Basil.) Of the Arabians, Avicenna
"~~^'
but
he
copies
tlie fullest exposition of its remedial
powers,
cotic
Dioscorides, recommending it as a cold and narcloselyfrom
He
Dioscorides.
as
cases
says
applicationin the same
and
induces
the
2,
blood,
torpor, (ii,
it stops bleeding,congeals
the
It
is, most probably,
See also Serapion (c. 347.)
663.)
(v, 15.)
cicuta of Celsus, who
places it in his list of emollients,
both
its
also in the
It occurs
Hippocratic Collection, where
in fomentations.
recommended
(De Steril. ;
leaves and seeds are
de

Fistulis,"c.)
Kwi'og,
Wild

Strobilus, the
like

pine, but

the

with

acrimony,

of

in water,

soaked

it

hence

CoMMEXTARY.

Wild-pine

aside

the

seeds

the

tree

and
tte'v/cj?

esculent

its

acrimony,

becomes

and

emplas-

sylvestris,or

Nux

Pinea,

the

or

Theophrastus called
Diphilus,as quoted by

that

kiovoq.

as

in

The

fruit

of

the

wild

affections

of

the

bladder

pains

of

the

pinu silvestri duodecim,"

kidneys, (iv,10.) Avicenna
heads,

like

301, 555, 693.)

chest

and

He

kidneys.

He

86th,
the

different
the

other

commends

kidneys,

as

and
"

prescribes

as

nuclei

for ulcerated

ent
subject under differ2, 280,
closelyfollows, (ii,

of the

treats

recommends

and

his remedies

among

Dioscorides,whom

and

the

the

he

Celsus

stomach.

ex

pine

them

under

not

Paulus

as

cases

same

but

recommends

the

in
in

He

author.

our

subjectin

Book,

Fii-st

the

also commend

of this

treats

nearly

authorities.
demulcent

authorities

other

chapters in

88th

and

the

Dioscorides

cases.

head

the

kind,

pine-nuts nutritious, and says that they

trachea, and promote expectoration. (Deip. h.)

the

in similar

sedative

the

moting
pro-

shops Pir/nolipines, and

says

fruit

the

Galen, Serapion, and

articles

Atheuseus

and

calls the

lubricate

same

put

Pinea, called in the

P'lmis

jnne-nuts.

same,

87th,

commonly

for

fruit,

applicablefor

being free from pungency

smooths
asperities.
It here
signifiesthe Pinus

it is

but

of the

cones

of

lay

to

as

to

good temperament,

tic, and

the

so

powers

the

bitterness

The

chest.

have

As

some

it is

hence
the

expectoration from
when

has

green

and

humidity,

leaves

drastic.

and

acrid

more

and

bark

the

strobilus,the

is called

which

Pine

he

these

calls the

articles

fruit

in

diseases

See
aphrodisiacal.

Comm.
'
'

SIMPLES.

208

(Cont. 1.

also Ehases

CoMM.

(Coll. V,

"

in

medicines

these

bladder.

and

of tlie kidneys

diseases

of

favorably

speak

All

42.)

vii.

3, 20) ; Serapion (c. 63) ; Averrhoes

ult.

'

'

[book

AaywTTOvQ,
is

Lagopus,
fluxes

of the

possessed

and

powers

dries

plant,the descriptionof

This

which

is

be

set

passed

'

'

Dioscorides

by

'

over

the

among

least

are

it, that

known

of

to

it

Mat.

the

under
It

terms.

been

not

of their

some

to

find

it

is

this

the

cative
desic-

this article in
it may

corruptions of

odd

as

that

aware

are

of

in buboes,

amulet

an

as

able

that

probable

seems

astringent

an

for

others

brieflynotice

Arabians, but

of the

Med.

concealed

have

We

i;sed

was

Oribasius

(iv,17.) Galen, Aetius, and

medicine.

it

regarding

and

arvense,

calls

down

Medica, which,

mention

just

Trifolium

that

may

Materia

may

Dioscorides

mentions

bowels, and

We

it for

ovatus.

known,

ancient

the

us.

take

well

being

as

articles

some

Lagurus

up

belly.

Commentary.

CoMM.

desiccative

of

the

the

be

Greek
of

lagopyrus

Hippocrates. (De Ulcer.)

Aaoavov,
Ladanum
the

it is

formed
it

goats feeding upon

thighs the
when

fatter

and

collected, is

bring

away

upon

juicy part

of the

excellent

an

degree, and

second

more

uterine

consistingof

it

subtile

'

and

Royal
that

(i, c. 20.)

Pharm.

it is

resinous

Creticus, and
been

calling it

in

commentators

esteemed

as

that
had

it

browsed

was

upon

Dioscorides,Pliny,

it,
and

or

Cistus

the

genus

is moderately

and

either

with

agree

of

he

the

deliver

elder

See

also

ladanum,

from

and
Dioscorides

the beards

by scraping the

the

Cistus

adds, that it has

emmenagogue,

from

agrees
astrin-

some

obtained
;

the

fallingout.

are

(Veg. King. 350.)

Galen

about

in

also

says

and

Ladanum,

Creticus.

substance

stimulant

procured

which

Lindley

balsamic

catarrh.

in chronic

herb.

has

Sprengel

the

Dr.

speciesof

other

beard

their

digestive ; it therefore

strengthens hairs

'

Ladanus

particles. It

particular. It

Dierbacli

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

hence

and

gency,

afi'ections in

called

medicine, hot

emollient, discutient,and
with

Cistus

the

from

mended
recomtions
men-

of goats which

tree

its medicinal

with

thongs.

characters

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

in much

the

mends

terms

same

as

209

Dioscoridcs

author.

our

Comm.

recom-

'

only in uterine diseases, but also as a diuretic.

He
also speaks favorablyof it as an
ingredientin anodyne and
(i,128.) See Galen
(ii,160 ed. Basil.)
expectorant plasters,
The
Arabians
borrow
almost
treat fully of it,but
every Avord
Dioscorides
and
Galen.
See
they say respecting it from
it not

'

Avicenna

2, 422) ; Serapion (c.43) ; Rhases

(Cont. 1. ult,
(ii,
retained
i, 361) ; Averrhoes
was
(Collig.v, 42.) The labdanum
in the Dispensatory as
late as
the time
of Quincy, who
has
of it. (70.) It is also very correctly
account
given an accurate
described
and
by Tournefort, both in his voyage to the Levant
in his Mat.

Med.

Pereii'a

In

there

formula

(1263.)
is given a

plaster,"one
We

would

of
vote

in

purges

Pemberton's
for

edition
the

speciesof

spurge,
Its

manner.

obsolete.

now

of the

composition

ingredientsof
its being restored

similar

however, is

the
for

Lathy ris,is

Its use,

(363.)

Dispensatory,

of

"

stomach

is labdanum.

which

to the

and

some

seed

in

See

(359.)

Pharmacopoeia.

that

say

its

juice

particularhas

gative
pur-

powers.
Commentary.
biief notice
rides says

There

diseases

also mention
an

of

an

473)

old
;

bowels.

it

brief

Pereira's

Materia

and

terms,

like

its seeds

taken.

Serapion (c.354.)
Hippocrates or of
Greek

Galen

See
It

is

in

to

the
our

fowl

other

herbs
pot-

or

Greek

author.

Celsus.

be

boiled

in the

particularAvicenna
met

not

Pharmacopoeia,l)ut
Mcdica

with

joints,gout, and sciatica.

remedy for dropsy. They say

being
They direct

cock, and

along

The

the
a

of

modern

it

It does
is

with
not

in

the

occur

brieflynoticed

They
it acts
broth

2,
(ii,
works
in

the

in

Dr.

[777.)

Aa/iixpui'i),
when
Lampsana, Nippleivort,
eaten
suppliesl)ad juices to
the body.
In a cataplasm it is detergent and discutient.
III.

CoMi\r.

He

wiiter.

greater length, recommending

at

of

its

emetic.

either

of

phlegm, bile,and
boiled

were

of it in

treat

strongly in
as

the

treat

Arabians

it evacuates

its leaves

loosen

authorities

author's

our

it,that it is the Euphorbia LatJiyris,L. Diosco-

of it that

to

doubt, from

no

'

of

that

mentions

be

can

14

'
'

'
'

It

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

Sincqn

is

that

Charlock^
or

[book

SIMPLES.

210

to

It is rather

Charlock.

either

say,
Both

Arvense.

pretty

ajjpears

the

the

by

than

potherb

tliat

Raphanus

known

are

certain

it

VII.

tlie

is

Haplianistrum

Enghsh

of

name

medicine.

AaircSov,

Lapathura, Dock, is possessed of moderately discutient

the oxylapathum is also somewhat
repellent.The
; but
powers
seed, particularlyof the oxylapathum, being astringent,cui'es
diarrhoeas

and

qualitiesto

seed

the

it,when

whereas

acutus,

Of
the

was

; for

drunk,

Commentary,

CoMM.

leaves,in

dysenteries.The

they, when
the

Rumices,
used

speciesmost

opposite

eaten, loosen

the

belly,

astringent.

proves

the

far, have

so

in

Oxylapathum,
medicine,

and

Rumex

or

is the

only

author, with the exception of the

particularizedby our
the four other
Of
species
hippolopathum already described.
described
knowledged
by Dioscorides^ the o^nXlq is pretty generally acone

the

as

with

determined

Rumex

of

degree

any

The

acetosa.

as

our

Sprengel,
Rutty. Dios-

and

the same
gives the first of his speciesmuch
author, recommending it most
especiallyas

scrofulous
application to leprosies and
speaks favorably of it as applied on
albus.

The

roots, he

adds,

boiled

in

characters
a

discutient

tumours.
a

be

cannot

See

accuracy.

Sibthorp, Matthiolus, Parkinson, Gerard,

corides

others

in

pessary

wine,

He

also

the

fluor

jaundice,and

cure

and
lithontriptics,
alexipharmies.
emmenagogues,
further
speaks of the dock as being appended in the form
for scrofulous
amulet
swellings,(ii,140, 141.) Galen
an
act

the
our

other

They

; the

which

authorities

Greek

author.

Celsus
food

He

as

latter
contain

treat

in the

occur

ranks
bad

the

cursorilyof
of

works

lapathum

21),
juices (ii,

and

the

lapatha,like
Hippocrates and of
the

among
bad

are

of

articles

for the

of

stomach

(ii,25), and are laxative of the bowels (ii,29.) Pliny^s account

from Dioscorides.
of the lapatha is mostly taken
(H. N. xx, 85.)
term
The
now
dock, is
generallyapplied to the genus
rumex,
dock
is recommended
from
taken
by
Pliny (xix^60.) The
of leprosy,
for the
in jaundice, dropsy, and
Africanus
cure
lichen, and

alphos. (Geopon. xii,38.)

century, describes

it under

the

authorities,commends

more

ancient

the

name

Macer,
of

in

the

tenth

parateUa, and,

like

externallyfor

the

it

SIMPLES.

212

it for

CoMM.
"

'

and

"

stopping hemorrhages^

cnring lichens

defluxions
To

of the

which

doubtful

is somewliat
Matthiolus

held

canina.

(Veg. King. 48), and

identical

(H,
L.

N.

with

His

xxA-i,10.)

Harduin

(Ibid.)See
The

\iiyrr]v^Q

the

of

at

Harduin

ad

H.

Cselius Aurelianus
sub

is also

described

by Pliny.
conica,

callosities

chelidonas,

anteriorum

nos

by

crurum

has

impetigines

vero

Empirics
Avicenna

See

further,

described

(equis)nata;

The

epilepsy.(Ibid.)

thus

forming

See

English.

They are
squamulse

(Tard. Pass, i, 4.)

of

cm'e

e-^-idently

the Marchantia

in

spavins

autem

sive

vocant,

Lindley

c.)

xxviii,49.

Sunt

lichenas

the

N.

"

vel hirundines."
for

This

partibus in ipsis animalibus

armoi'um

Grseci

(1315.)

well-knoAvn

called

horses,

Plin.

the

are

ittttwi'

knees

1.

as

Peltigera

c.) with

speciesis

(apud

(iv,53.)
applicable

to the

1.

lichen

removes

ptihnonacea,

Dioscor.

speciesof

former

Sticta

the

; or

Parkinson

second

the

it is

aphthosa

Sprengel (Ad

Compare

honey,

botanists

to

Peltidea

the

; to

jaundice and

in with

of modern

whether

dispellingphlegmons

cures

rubbed

when

mouth
Lichenales

of the

also for

and

adds, that it

he

[booktii.

them

gave

(ii,233)

and

(Cont. 1. ult. 271.)

Rhases

AfOi^roTTfraXov,
Leontopetalum,
in

cative

the

Lion'

third

s-leaf; its

degree,

and

is

root

is

heating

and

of

possessed

desic-

discutient

powers.

"

''

'

Dioscorides

Although

Commentary.

CoMM.
'"

than
his wonted
plant with more
uncertainty regarding it, some

Leontopetalon, and
would

to

appear

of Dioscorides
The
oiu*

agree

than

the

authorities

other

holding

better

character

in

See
of

it,like Dioscorides.

(ii,186), who, however,

Dr.

does

Sontheimer

with

the

sets

latter

description

gives

general terms,
a

supply
it

by

much

down

like

pretty minute

It is noticed
not

Leontice

Tlie

the

some

Lindley (Veg. King. 436.)

it in very

author, except Oribasius, who

of

be

it to

this

is still

Corydalis bidbosu.

other.
treat

described

there

accuracy,

the

others

has

Ebn

Baithar

additional
for

the

scription
de-

formatio
in-

Leontice

Leontopetalon.
AfTTtOtOl',

Lepidium,

Pejiperivort (by

some

called

Iberis),belongs

to

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

calefacients^being like the

of

order

the

fourth

but

less desiccative.

Dioscorides

and

power

it is used

hence
of

the

that

of

in

leprosy,and
teeth
is to

that

when
be

appended
in

under

would

as

ambiguous
the

of

name

He

amulet,

an

of the

with

medicinal

Dioscorides, but

of

virtues^ they

with

be

easily

regard

its

to

Bimasuy,

quite agreed.

are

but

nasturtium,

Lepidium

not

of

one

latifoliumwas

table, and

at

called,in England^

was

used

time

one

man's

poor

kitchen

as

of

that

mentions

Beckmann

heating.

so

Avicenna's

authorities^says of it,that its seed is like the seed

Rhases's

of

that

Ara-

Rhases

See

(ii,2, 657.)
(Contin. 1. ult. i, 655) and Avicenna
confused, and cannot
descriptionof it is somewhat
reconciled

It

virtues

the

by

Scitaragi.

or

the

205.)
(ii,

It is described

Sltarig

further

says

always speaks

terms.

'

milk,

spleen,removes
soothe
pains of

to

seem

neck

the

to

'

"

of the

diseases

that Dioscorides

remarked

of amulets
bians

its root

from

Comm.

ulcerative,and

and

for sciatica.

cataplasm
applicablein
a

it,that it is also

is acrid

its leaves

plant (which

mostly taken
a
pickle with

is
into

it is made

says

in powers,

cress

this

of

account

latifoHinn,Pepperwort)

Lepidium

Galen,

author's

Our

Commentary.
is

213

the

vege-

(Hist,

pepper.

Invent.)

AiTTlQ,
Flake;

Squama,

astringent,and
the

clavaris.

The

still

and

instruments,

called

also

from

called

is hence

astringency,

the

seris cleanses

the squama

verdigris,

some

edge

it is better

hence

stomoma,

But

of

and

sharp

ditioned
ill-con-

for

down

melts

more.

Commentary.
copper.
was

is formed

But

sists
desiccative,con-

more

has

and

degree.

Cyprian nails,which
fcrri is possessed of more

which

that

ulcers.
flesh

particles,and

squama

more

inconsiderable

no

from

especiallythat

more

in

desiccative

strongly

are

(Flakes of copper) is

subtile

more

kinds

pungent

seris

squama

of

all

The

the

The

Commentaries

ferri,a black

squama

chalybs
of

seris

squama

steel.

or

See

^latthiolus

Dunbar's

oxyd

to

icris,that

it is little diftcrent

and

the

tes

per-oxyd
The

says
astum

and

also

of the

of

Comm.
'

stomoma

(v, 89), with

Sprengel,

Geoftroy
from

black

of iron.

Dioscorides

Lexicon.

Appendix

was

the
the

squama

being only

SIMPLES.

214

the

CoMM.
"

particlesof

burnt

[book

fly off

that

copper

vii.

wlieu

hammered.

when

drunk

'

Dioscorides

calls it

astringent and

epulotic:

with

give it in
phlegmagogue ; some
flour as a pill; it is mixed, he adds, with ophthalmic remedies,
drying defluxions, and removing asperitiesof the eyehds.
water, he

honeyed

The

he

stomoma,

it is

says,

is inferior

says,

Our

purgative, (v, 89, 90.)

is borrowed

from

gives a

fuller

Oribasius
from

of

that

the

to

author's

Galen.

Dioscorides.

these

as

stances
sub-

copiesfrom Galen.
them^ differingvery little
also

Arabians

The

of

account

Aetius

descriptionof

seris

squama

of

treat

all these

substances,

of their own.
adding much
(ii,2, 231) ; Serapion (c.404)

See

not

(Collig.
v, 43.)

Averrhoes

internallyas

Dioscorides, and

usual, borrowing freely from

as

purge,

They

and

(Cont.

Khases

of

say

particularA\dcenna

in

1. ult.

vi,48)

prescribe the

squama

it that

the

when

seris

palate is

in
These
substances
occur
vomiting is excited.
Hippocratic treatises and in the works of Celsus.
They have
been
used
time
medicinally in this country for some
past.
Hindoos
the
both
of
use
internally
preparations
copper
externally,according to Dr. Royle. (Hindoo Med. 90.)
with

smeared
the
not

The
and

it

AiVKciKavOov,
JVJiite

Leucacanthon,
and

Ischias);
third

in the

degree,

'
'

root

belonged
so

genus,
have

cseliac and

that

the

See

in

of

says

same

virtues

particular

to

to

cure

A\icenna

ancient

is in favom-

it, that

of it with

it

fix the
authors

also

wine

Galen

and

hold

The

chronic

further, that

(ii,2, 80, 671)

as

used

it

and

in

cataplasm

as

Arabians

it to be

Cirsium

intensely

recommends

when
it.

is

relieves

hemoptysis
of

of the

its root

sprains,

toothache

character

it,and

the

to

that

conjectures of modern
respecting it. Upon the whole,

authorities

decoction

for certain

the

various

afi'ections and

stomach

swellings,and
Aetius
gives the
same

descriptionwhich
so

first.

scarcelyventure

can

sciatica,ruptures and
toothache,
(iii,19.)

to

the

heating in the
only determine

can

Dioscorides

pleurisyand
relieves

it is

of the

preponderance

bitter,and

herbalists

and

tuberosum.

it

it,and

of

commentators

the

is the

loose

given

and

(called also Polygonaton

and
desiccative
cutting nature

Cai^duinece,but

the

to

is of

We

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

its

Acanthus

gargle,
ascribe

alexipharmic.
Rhases

(Cont.

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

1. ult.

i,

18.)

Hippocratic

The

it in

Dierbach's

See

age.

of

use

215

mediciue

is

INIateria

old

as

the

as

Comm.
'

'

Medica

Hippocr.

'

AevKciq,

Leucasj is heating and

its

is

prevaiHng property
It

Commentary.

Lani'mm, either
of

(Theatre
rides

desiccative

certainly

appears

the

or

Plants, 672) and

commends

it
of

especiallythose
treat

of it in

word

for word

as

from

mucidatum.

species

See

Parkinson

Sprengel (Ad Dioscor.)

(iii,103.)

sea.

like

general terms,

be

to

application to

an

the

degree, but

third

acrimony.

album

the

in the

animals,

other

author, who

our

Comm.

Diosco-

venomous

The

of

authorities

copies almost

Galen.

Aeu/cotoi',
Viola
and

alba,

Stock

with

that

drier, so

are

ejectsthe

foetus

and

of

the

plant

terrene.

with

this

also

head, which,
of

account

and

Galen

taken

in

of, their
the

the
and

authorities

violet.

See

little

contained

Viola

lutea

in

than

more

in the
of

Dispensatory

as

By

our

late

when

utero

the

the

(Ad

Mansor.

from

modern
herbalist

Galen

Greek

Gerard,

Quincy.

under

probably

be

it is
to

on

pessary

it when

to

confound
;

The

it with

Haly
last

Abbas

'ofthese

Dioscorides.

Pharmacopoeia.
and

same

obscurely treated

iii,21)
and

the

Dioscorides

poAvers

(i, 103.)

Baithar

copy

may

evi-

order

applied

Ai'abians

stock, Comm.

Dioscorides
same

same

more

was

author.

our

similar

phlegmons.

gives nearly

general seeming

Ebn

as

the

He
as

ascribe

Rhases

(Pract. ii,37, 226)

does

in

Aetius

of

of
are

described

by Sprengel,

virtues

fcetus

draught.

indurated

here

plant

incana.

its medicinal

it kills

says

Matthiola

mixture

and

matter,

relieve

plant

stated

as

particular

by

being possessed
gross

another

in

blunted

are

Cheiri, is uuquestionable.

included

variety of the

more

the

That

Clieiranthus

dently

of

detergent

inflammations, particularly

roots

vinegar they

Commentary.
e.

The

composed

But

with

those

is

menstruation, kills and

powers

answer

uterus.

are

powers,

it promotes

if their

water, they will

those

not

whole

attenuating, especiallyits flowers, and

which

i.

G'lUyfloioer
; the

held

It is
It is the

place

in

our

'

216

SIMPLES.

[book

VII.

AeVKT],

Populus
of

CoMM.

White

the

alba^

watery, tepid, and

Commentary.

in

taken

be

can

Dioscorides

draught,

being composed

tree

doubt

no

of

says

sciatica

cures

the

substance, has

terrene

There

alba, L.

Populus

Poplar

detergent

it, that

and

its

of

its

perties.
pro-

the

being

bai'k,when
that

strangury;

it is

and

prevent conception ; and that it is a remedy for earache

other complaints, (i,109.) Our
author
copies from Galen.

The

Arabians, under

said

to

Ebn

head,

Serapion (c. 30)

See

Greeks.

this

copyists from
(ii,2, 333) ;

ser^dle

are

Avicenna

the
and

(i,340.)

Baithar

AipavwTlq,
Rosmarinus,
of

which

the

three

are

other

varieties

bear

two

juice

occasioned

of

thick

by

variety, which

is

with

them,
for

used

honey,

humours.

it, one

They

and

are

emollient
dimness

cures

decoction

garlands,

of

fruit.

detergent, incisive, discutient,

of
The

powers.

there

sterile,and

is

possessed

sight

Rosemai^y

of

of

that
in

serviceable

proves

jaundice.
CoMM.

Commentary.

Dioscorides, like

species, of which
which

the

Cachrys

plant

has

The

Libanotis.

second

The
third

species

herbalists

be

distinguished from

Romans,''
and
in

which

of which

frequent

still retains

obliged to

enter

literature of this

name

by

place
with

medicine
in
more

our

in

the

of

name

age

of

Dispensator}^

length

subject,to prevent

(80.)
The

English

than

usual

the

mistake

into
of

the

officinalis,
anthos,

Sydenham,
We

must

by

rosmarinus

Rosmarinus
the

our

frankincense."

libanotides,however,

well-known

flower, known
as

herb

libanotis,called

"the

old

of

place in

nodiflora.
Our

"

Pharmacop.

Ferula

of

These

the

was

the
use

the

Gerard.)

and

(See Parkinson

probably

libanotis

the

give

the

determined.
satisfactorily

be

cannot

is

the

to

from

kept by

hold

to

term

appellation

is still

ceased

long

three

and

Nicander,

plant

Gray's Suppl.

See

Dispensator3\

cachrys,

scientific

of this

root

apothecaries, although it has

our

and

the

got

now

called

fruit

by Theophrastus

used

pre^dously

first bears

the

author, describes

our

have
the

Avas

and
been

general

confounding

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

cachrijswith

the

the

distinction

if the

adverted

now

being

as

purposes,

been

not

libanotides

the

be

might

had

to

recommends

Dioscorides

out.

which

rosmarinus,

readily done^
clearlypointed

for various

diuretic,and

emmenagoguCj

Comm.
^~"''

cinal
medi-

discutient.

mostly taken from Galen.

treat obscurelyand confusedly of this subject.See
The Arabians
(Cont. 1. ult. i, 71) ;
(ii,2, 67) ; Rhases
particularlyAvicenna
that it is
of the
Serapion (c. 327.) Rhases
rosemary,
says
calefacient

of

character

author^s

Our

and

diuretic,and

is

them

and

attenuant,

hence

In

emmeuagogue.

stands
officinalis
(Athens, 1837.)
\i^avioT\q.
Rosmarinus

the

of the

Greek

modern

the

carminative,

proves

the

as

copoeia
Pharma-

representative

AtjSai'dtToc,
Frankincense

Thus,
desiccative
The

in the

It

first.

has

the

in

heating

also

order,

second

and

slightsub-astringency.

of it is

bark

cative
perceptiblyastringent. It is,therefore,desicsecond
degree complete. Consisting of thicker
the frankincense, and
being less acrid, it cures

in the
than

matter

is

affections,both
ha3moptysis,dysentery, cseliac and stomachic
and when
taken
shoot of it
internally. The green
cxternall}'
is heating and
in the
third
desiccative
degree. It is also
somewhat
ulcers

detergent, by
in the

the

It is still

what

Boswellia

(Mat.

the

savs

ancients

an

and

78) ;
best

kind

meant

larger grains.
of

are

turifera.

Ind.

inferior

cleansing;

and

the

and

fills

detersatisfactorily

means

the

inclined

to

frankincense
think

that

but

it is the

Pereira

(Mat. Med., 1185) ; Ainslie

Lindley (Veg. Kingd. 459.) Dioscorides
incense

purest kind

is

the

"

of

that

it,or

bv

which

the

consisting

of the

male,"

Indian
is
Gray (Pharmacop. 200.) The
quality. He calls it heating, astringent, and
See

recommends

directions

for the

of the

frankincense

tree

in ulcers

it in

other

minute

will be

no

produces

now

See

of

and
burns, cliilblains,

and

by

it is which

tree

authorities

best

it cleanses

property

eyes.

Commentary.
mined

which

hemorrhages, recent

diseases
use

he

of the

of

of it in

eyes.

lie

like nature.

fumigations.

recommends
The

explained by us uudcr that head.

Oribasius
gives a perfectlysimilar account

in fluxes

wounds,

and

The

gives
])ark

rhages,
hemor-

of frankincense

manna

(Mat.
of the

Med.

i, 81-3.)

frankincense;

Comm.

SIMPLES.

218

indeed, he avowedly copies from

CoMM.
'

'
"

Our

author's

Thus

account

further

see

xxxvii, " 716.)

Most

and

of

N.

the

ancient

it

we

head

from

drunk

and

pestilentialseason
it, in

with
air.

that

order

Arabians

The

and

applied

of powers

possessed
a

it is

of

of the

defluxions

bowels

the

Setli,

under

says,

drying nature,

it binds

sphere,
atmo-

Symeon

author,
a

the

with

that

vaginam;

both

in

fumigations it
for averting the pestilence; and
hence
that houses
should
be dihgently fumigated
the pernicious quality of the
to correct
per

used

it

freelyas

very

ingredient

an

their

applicationsto ulcers, including those of the eyes.

Avicenna
2, 525) and
(ii,
Serapion (c. 278.) Averrhoes,
preceding authorities,recommends
ulceration

ptysis,and
frankincense

of

the

Hippocratic collection,and
used

all the

for

uses

kinds

the

the

in the

mentioned

the

as

''

the

suppressing bleeding,concocting

in

Greeks,

The

contained

such

that

in the

The
"

thus

These

is to

cleansing

latter

as,

thuris.^'

cortex

pus,

like

fluxes,ha3mo-

of Celsus.

Greeks,

in

See

(Collig.v. 42.)

treatises

works

by

purposes

same

bark

intestines.

fuligothuris,'^and

"

masculum,"

the

frequentlyin

occurs

in fumigations

is emmenagogue

it

it in fumigations

Book.

our

that

sharpens perception,

recommend

Second

and

that

astringentquality;
helps coughs

when

in the

Galen

frankincense,

of

certain

stated

the

(Contin.

affirm

improves
They
memory.
for removing the pestilential
constitution
have

xi.)

On

Rhases

authorities

vii.

Collect,

Galen.

and

xii,30)

disease,that

mental

(Med.

from

also

mostly borrowing

in

taken

the

as

is

Dioscorides.

mostly

Pliny (H.

in
heneficially

acts

is

[book

he

say, for
and

sores,

so

forth.

Aiyvvq,
Soot

Fuligo,the
they

are

burnt,

liquidpitch,and
but

there

burnt.

as

is

kinds

of substances

when

frankincense, myrrh, turpentine, storax,

is

cedar,
used

certain

desiccative,terrene,

of it

for

agreeably to

ophthalmic

eyebrows. That
frankincense, as being the

adorning
from

such

varieties

are

It

arisingfrom

the

the

remedies

which

is most

mildest

and

attenuate

material
and
used

that
those

is the

is
for

soot

and

It

again, that from

pine, wild pine and pitch tree, as being the strongest.
is applied, therefore, for baldness
of the
eyebrows, and

for

watery

the

eyes.

and

ulcerated

canthi

of

the

eyelids,and

weeping

SIMPLES.

220

Commentary.

CoMM.

The

[book

ancient

Litharge

'

from
of

the

raodernj being

argentiferouslead.

The

It

medicine.

(v, 72), and

by the Hippocratistsin

used
Morb.

(De

it,that washed

lithargeseems

condenses

of

practice of
Argenti"

Spuma

Galen

merely

maculae,

of

says

\m-

Our

(v, 102.)

this

under

says

of

cooling

as

ophthalmic remedies,

suit

to

faces, and

what

the

Dioscorides

(v,290.)

seemly cicatrices,wrinkled
author

is the

"

parts of his works

it in various

cleansing medicine,

and

ii.)It

Mulier.

notices

Celsus, who

modes

their

by Pliny (II. N.
Oribasius
(Med. Collect,

xxxiii,35), Dioscorides
was

cupellation

circumstantiallydescribed

preparing it, are

It

ancients, and

the

to

in the

different

therefore, a protoxideof lead.

was,

of it known

varieties

xiii.)

secondary product

nowise

was

'

vii.

head.

The

ditional
fully,but supply little or no adinformation
respecting it. See Serapion (De Simpl.
(Collig.v, 43) ; Rhases
2, 460) ; Averrhoes
410); Avicenna
(ii,
it generally as
an
(Cont. 1. ult. i, 428.)
They recommend
Arabian

authorities

astringent in

fetor

dispel

to

cicatrices,and
does

not

but

give it in
Baithar

that

full

very

authorities, Ibn

and

physicians administered
of

women

Ebn

the

discharge
to

the

of

recommends

Amram,

complaints about

known
intestines.

the

be

useful

in

his

it

and

It

it internally

(ii, 513.) One

head

rose-oil,it is said

other

lie had

that

Ben

clyster to stop

vinegar and

hernia

this

morbilli.

of variolse and

marks

ulceration
on

ration,
copious perspiremove
unseemly

blood, and

mentions

and

restrain

armpits, to

of the

any

Avicenna

diarrhoea, as
with

the

extravasated

fluxes

is

Arabian

of

especiallythe

appear
;

of it

treat

in

mixed

up

congenital

scrotum.

A/001,
Lapides, Stones
Haematites,

the

considerable
and

if

they
but

if

that
free

are

it agrees
from

an

advantage for spittingof blood

but

stone.

heat.

The

is

weaker

The
:

Melititis,or
The

Moroxus

Schistos

and

with

like

after

;
or

(called also

has

be

is drunk

it restrains

Scissilis has

it the

Honey-stone,

It

similar

Galactites,
also

certain

in

lids,
eyeused
also

the

or

but

of the

it is to

egg.
and

earth

desiccative

trachoma

inflammation

inflamed, with

flesh of ulcers.

of

desiccative

are

is astringent and
Blood-stotie,

degree,so

Avitli water;
with

or

all kinds

gous
funperties,
proMilk-

degree

Leucographis), being

so

SIMPLES.

in.]

SECT,

much

softer

is much
used

the

for

cerate

the

cicatrization

of

The

pterygia.

an

amulet,

as

Judaic-stone

the

have

powerful

discutient

in

the

hand,

at

addition

of

Mohms

be

and

is of

of the

pungency

use

Asian-stone

flabby flesh

hence

mixed

in

inflammations

is

composed

without

The

emphysema.

has

similar

like

ivory,desiccative

with

the

teeth.

calculi ;

padocia

and

said to be

bitten

swellings.
Whetstone,

is said

is
the

virgins,and

Ketrimentum
be

to

the

of

the

Hieracites

stop

discharge

Sapphire,
and
the

the

when

with

Indian-stone, Avhen
of

drunk,

blood

from

rclie\'es

but

is

is

aftected

burnt

baster.
Ala-

cleanses

powers,
down

renal
of

Capthe

manner

amulet

an

to

as

cases

with
and

vantage
ad-

Geodes

inflammatory

cure

the

repress
The

the Naxian
breasts

filingsof

alopecia.

the

It is said that

appended

as

amulets,

hemorrhoids,

and

that

bitten

the

scorpion,

persons

Aphrose/inum, epileptics.

belly downwards,

of

in like

to

children.

oleraria,being detergent,suit

those

Ostracites
as

rodes
cor-

Arabian-stone

cotis,filingsof

so
refrigerant,

Cos

the

so

it

mountain

as

viper. The

flower

chronic

give

and

appended

Naxiaj

testicles

and

Some

powers,

discutient

Heraclean-stone)

The

Argsean

considerably desiccative

The

of

similar

remedies.

The

Sjmiiges break

the

on

by

the

having detergent

Ojjhites,which
those

to
are

formed

tient,
discu-

parts that

draught composed
in

some

Gagate-stone, being

Haematites.

it is

also

uvula.

The

Phi'ygian,

and

principallywith

found

stones

those

the

subtile

so

as

when

The

astringent

detergent.

possessed of

are

acts

ophthalmic

of

the

repellent and

(called also

Smeris, Emery,
The

called

stone

and

complaints

The

of

pungency.

the

to

is

with

of

Magnet

powers

stomach

hence

and

instead.

it

up

considerably desiccative,agrees
of

used

That

ring.

Pyrites

coagula;

and

complaints,

in

The

and

may

stomach

calculi, and

Tccolithos.

with

cicatrices

worn

renal

Ageratus, being possessed

powers,

when

body

greenish Jasper,

attenuates

in

quaUty,

is,therefore,

the

The

is useful
and

it

of

parts

ulcers.

tumours

is therefore

and
The

it

pain

active

being powerfully desiccative, has

to

astringency

soft

breaks

called

less

powers,

Jasper

moderns

not

stronger

Green

appended

called

of

possessing no

occasions
to

being possessed
when

and

apphcation

an

and

others,

mihl,

more

as

the

than

221

The

by

Armenian-stone

prejudicialto

the

stomach.

the

purges

SIMPLES.

222

CoMM.

Commentary.
the

by

The

ancients

careful

in

of

study

following

the

the

[book

practice of medicine

ancient

writers

Theophrastus, Pliny, Orpheus,

availed

ourselves
who

have

Laet, De

or

because

as

stated

it

used

Professor
of iron

cent,

as

Galen.

by

Greek

consists

Cleaveland

See

norrhagia.
recommends

it in

Dr.

43.)
He

adds,

"

praises

Hill

says

it is

given

of

it in

the

in

distemperatures

were

acquainted

from

of

10

the

with

colour,
of

80

to

per
of

cure

(De Simpl. ix) ;

recommend

it in

me-

Averrhoes

hjemoptysis.

(Collig.iv,

eyes.

desiccative.

grains in hemorrhages
Besides

eyes.^'

another

60

astringent and

25

to

to

oxide

for the

eyelids and

it is accounted

its

the

fi'om

Galen

also

They

diseases

from

used

was

(v, 143)

Serapion (De Simpl. 421.)

Alexander

It

refer

to

Lexicon.

principallyof

quality.

Dioscorides

beg

fuller

stopping hemorrhages,

it contains

says

also

tators
commen-

For

called

stypticfor

It

of excellent

ophthalmy.

and
so

have

modern

others.
would

was

authors, namely, De

articles,we

Blood-stone

or

was

ancient

English

We

the

Hill, and

the

Dunbar's

to

H(ematites

iron.

these

on

of

some

Appendix
The

written

of

from

subject^especially

Psellus.

labours

the

Boet, Marbodeus,

descriptionof
our

freely of

and

used

stones

is derived

this

on

the

of

account

vii.

ancients

this, the

Blood-stone

which

and

they

call

Heliotrope.
The
fibrous

of the

The

it mixed

same

do

and

with

the

as

of

tincar

popular belief,
teeth

to

Hill

that

Galactites

Matthiolus
Dr.

it is used

says

in

the

of

of the
It

Dr.

soda.

Pliny

recommends

throat.

(H. N.

decided

on

to

xxxxvi, 33.)

likely that

seems

Arabians, although

pronounce

Kidd

supposed by

it

this

opinion.

the

was

point
One

we

of

speaks highly of it in caries of the tepth,

in them.

worms

toothache

Is this the

is connected

with

originalof

the

in the

worms

(De Simpl. 423.)

The

Pliny

is

borate

(Orig. xvi, 4.)

it kills the

says

haematites, having

the

colour.

Pliny

for ulcers

Serapion's authorities
and

of

the

or

wax

venture

not

variety of

eyes.

borax,

Isidorus

ochre

Lapis Melitites
been

See

only

appearance

diseases

have

is

Schistos

and
remarks

most

probably

Sprengel
that

it

mention

consisted
that

principallyof

it is fovind

in

chalk.

Saxony.

is,properly speaking, a species of in-

clay,and

duratcd

Seifemtein

silica,with
Hill

it is

says
of

name

cajliac
of

cure

called

Achates,

of

consists
and
is

recommended

as

It

remedy

recommends

does

not

fever

for

the

by

it in haemoptysis,
for the

speaks
and

by Orpheus,

and

be

to

seem

'

Dr.

known

now

various

noticed

other

plaints.
com-

medical

the

by

authorities.
ancients

The

acquainted with

were

several varieties

of

Jasper.

talc and
various
Pliny (H. N. xxxvii,37.) Thej^ contained
it solely as
recommends
other
a
ingredients. Dioscorides
Galen
and
amulet
to
expedite delivery,(v, 159.)
phylactery or
See

Avicenna
of

the

speak

as

Strum.
The
is

being useful

bowels.

amulet.

an

Judaic-stone

that

(Mat.
to

appears

it is

Marinus, impregnated

Echinus

perhaps

commend

it

Dioscorides

in affections

Jasper

Lapis aneseh.
has

Laurentius
Med.

be the

Mirab.

of

the

calcareous
of

the

Pliny.
quills of

It
the

earth, silica,

ancient

Harduin

in

authorities
Plin.

H.

N.

triptic
only as a lithonmedicine, but a remedy for dysuria in general, (v,154.)
and Serapion also affirm that ihej had
Galen
experienced good
effects from it when
in
calculus
of
the
kidneys or bladder.
given
See in particularSerapion (c.390.)
Rhascs, howevei', affirms
that he had tried the lapisvesicae,
by which he probably means

xxxvii, 08.

this

article,but

1. ult.
not

so

The

414.)

Dr.

certain

had

not

Hill

that

From

our

found

says it

it is

Pyrites, when

sulphur.

recommends

brated
cele-

276.)
from

with

been

(De

Tecolithos

formed

magnesia. Most
lithontriptic.V.

some
as

the

Andreas

Hill

amulet

an

latter calls it

times

See

69), and

Sanat.

as

The

in modern

Even

ascertained

now

and

its

and

stomach

(ii,2, 108.)

of

it not

it to be

lithontriptic. (Cont.

is,undoubtedly, diuretic,but it is

lithontriptic.

burnt, forms
author's

an

account,

oxide
it is

of

copper

evident

that

'

"

as

talc, argil,and

manganese.

described

Agate, is well

or

Comm.

Speckstein

pains of the bladder ; and

on
pessaries,(v, 151.) Avicenna
in fistula lachrymalis.(ii,
2, 431.)

albus

fiuor

it

it

affections,and

favorablyof it also
The

It

Dioscorides

chalk.

French

recommends

Sprengel, is

to

proportion of iron
indurated
clay,and

an

conjectures that

(v, 149.)

eyes,

German.

in

small

of the

according

Morochthus,

The

Jameson

Dioscorides

earth.

Fuller's

223

Dr.

stone.

in defluxions

liniment

and

not

been

have

may
a

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

with
the

SIMPLES.

224

'
'

from

Plin3\

will,of

It

pyrites,and

same

description of it ^iven by Dioscorides.

detergent,and a cleanser of obscurities
it for repressingfungated ulcers.
call

some

it

A\acenna

in

Phrygian-stone

pumice

was

The

2, 405.)
(ii,
Ageratus does

He

use.

Boet

have

had

Basil,

t.

he

adds,
of

name

other

some

remedy

for burns.

great experience

in

acrid, and

Avicenna

also

Dioscorides

curriers

the

of it

See

ii,122, 208.)

which

uvula.

and

believe

we

stone

of

Carbuncle

old, and

that

of

or

leather

recommends

copies

discutient,and

it

from

him.

on

further

of

says

is

it

recommends

other

authorities

ix.)

See

also

it, that

in the

highly beneficial

light
as

colour.

same

and

spongy,

calls it

slightly
applicationto

an

of gout,

cure

of it in

treat

hip-bath prepared

Serapion, who

more

mereh^

(v,141.)

with

Galen,

it is

and

the

(De Simpl.

general terms.
copies from

Dioscorides

(c.393.)

Galen,

Amethyst

ancients

knew

from

neck

the

of the

gems

Dioscorides

salt.

comprehended

nant
fungated,ulcers, and those of a maligespecially
rescence
effloflower of it,by M'hich
meant
The
vras
an
of it, he says
does
the surface
good in phthisis.

more

nature.

The

ancients

the

Asian-stone

the

alum, nitre,and

septicand

and

the

mends
recom-

skin.

alum

proves

astringent and

or

says

contains

He

burnt,

heating,

astringent,cleansing,and

of other
ruby and a multitude
was
scarcelyused in medicine.
De

not

and

occur

inflamed

Anthrax

The

and

When

the

409.")

2,
(ii,

It

it

it is

says

particularlyin

the

not

calls

Galen

Pliny.

eyes, and

with

it has

ingredients. Dioscorides
says
moderately escharotic
powers,
professesto
(v,140.) Galen
in diseases of the eyes.
(Ed.
A'sdcenna

of the

under

per
cop-

from

calls it

of the

diseases

obstinate

other

leprosy and
The

obvious

(Cont. 1. ult. i, 449),

by Serapion (c. 395), Ehases
it with vinegar
2, 464.) They all recommend
(ii,

marchasita
and

understood

He

described

is

It

diphryges.

vii.

tliat it is the

is very

This

iron.

be

may

understood

be

course,

the

not

the

it,and

nearly resembled

Molaris

CoMM.
"

[book

aware

xxxvii,40)

by
as

that
;

it

of

this
an
was

Marbodeus

times

our

used

the

Except

name.

amulet

is

to

in

same

that

prevent
medicine.

(De Lapid. 4.)

that

gem
it

was

suspended

drunkenness,
See

the

we

Pliny (H.

are

N.

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

The

is

Gagate

225

substance, containingComm.

fossil,bituminous

jet. The TJiracian-stone was

The
a variety of it.
Gagate
similar to it ; indeed, we suppose,
and
restorative
of
a
a test
used by the ancients
as
epilepsy,
was
of
from
gives an interestingaccount
hystericalfits. Galen

than

weaken

picked

only

not

mentions

He

(Ibid.)
in

Thracian-stonc

is

There

cure

sinuous

but

that

of

sores,

ulcers.

the

from

copy

of

river

Arabians

The

(45.)

See

and

that

in

Gagas

derives

stone

who

treat

of it

(Cent. 1. ult. 399,

gives a formula for an

gagate. (De Oleis,i.)

oil of

perhaps the
comprehend his reasons

suggests that

Aristotle

To
(De Anima.)
be
singular opinion, it would
necessary
theory of motion, as fully exposed in

Lucretius, with

Naturales.'

explain
(vi,1000.)

to

the

the

and

(in Timseo)

Plato

Magnet is animated.
for maintaining this
understand

to

his

considerable
which

in

manner

'

authorities

treat

it that it has the

to

ingenuity,attempts
attracts

iron,

Hippocrates (De

Steri-

magnet

its attractive

of it in

virtues

same

as

the

especiallySerapion, give

more

it, which
of

stone

at

all events

the

ancients

identifies
with

our

from

Baithar

taken
The

hold

of, and

Arabian-stone

in

fuller

Magnetis

loadstone, that

the earliest date. See

recommends

much

mends
recom-

Greek

merely statingof

haematite.

the

It was
magnetic oxide of iron.
applicationto poisoned wounds.
2, 463.) It
394) ; Avicenna
(ii,
medicine

manner,

very cursory

his

Auscultationes

Galen
property.
it in dropsies.Dioscorides, Galen, and the other

libus) also allude

Ebn

desic-

Rhases

Mesne

2, 407.)
(ii,

Avicenna

400), and

as

had

interestingdescriptionof the
Nicander
quoted by Galen,

an

Greeks.

he

to

(De Simpl. ix.)

the

discover

not

passage

he.id,Theriac.

this

merely

the

which

bitumen

Sea

Thracian-

gagate rather

which, according to Dioscorides, this

name.

under

could

he

that

Lycia, from
its

also of

of recent, but

found

he

of the Dead

in
operated beneficially

it

cant,

gagate and

of the

powers

shores

the

upon

up

the

increase

of

use

is,that

which

of

result

stone, the

medicinal

the

experience in

his

'

is

It

oil.

ethereal

and

carbon

The

Arabians,

descriptionof
or

Heraclean-

is to

say, the

as
an
by the Arabians
See
Serapion (De Simpl.
used
in the practiceof
Avas
Hippocrates (De Sterilibus.)

used

pains of the head and feet, if

lie copies Aetius.
25.)
(ii,
cramps,
It is reis a speciesof white marble.
in.
it in

15

'
'

SIMPLES.

226

CoMM.

commended

Dioscorides

by

[book

for hemorrhoids

and

as

vii,

dentifrice,

"--^(v, 145.)
The

medicinal

thick

(ij63.)Galen

'Mineral.^
for

is

Alabastrites

says of

and

use,

concrete

that

when

it^that
it

See

Kidd's

it is

adapted

gypsum.

is

burned

sometimes

administered

affected
with
stomach
draiight to persons
complaints.
Dioscorides
speaks of its being applied externallyin such cases
along with wax ; calls it discutient, and says it represses the

in

It would

(v,152.)

gums,
eburneus

(Cont.

of

R-hases, who

1. ult.

calls it

this article

that

appear

is the

astringentand

an

Lapis

dentifrice.

i, 395.)

Geoffroy says that the Smiris is the Emery of the shops. It

is held by the mineralogiststo be a variety of Corundam.
See
Mineral.'
Cleaveland^s
(278.) A specimen of it,from the Isle
of Naxos
(which may be supposed a good representation of the
found
ancient
to consist
Smiris), was
by Tennant
principally
'

of

with

alumine,

small

Dioscorides

recommends

dentifrice;

he

proportions of

silex and

it in looseness
it with

ranks

of the

oxide

and

gums,

caustic

septic and

of iron.
a

as

substances,

(v,

165.)
The
lime.

Stones

in

They

were

consist

Sponges
much

commended

Dioscorides, Pliny, Galen,

Ophites

The

It

streaks.
See

Jameson's

was

useful

also

(v, 161.)

Dioscorides

Geocles
to

the

contains

Eagle-stone,

Eagle-stone.
recommends

to

spreading sores,

clearingthe cornea.
Avicenna
(ii,
2, 393.)

alHed

from

of

case

be

to

holds

copy

appears

it for

The

the

reported
Galen

recommends

breasts, and

called

so

its

serpentine

it to be

from

stung

persons
useful

by

in

lethargy
(De
lithontriptic.

Dioscorides

and

Galen.

2, 406.)
(ii,

Ostracites

The

in

Arabians

The

A^dcenna

See

amulet

an
was

Simpl. viii.)

lithontriptics.See

as

varietyof serpentinecalled verde antico.

'Mineralogy.' According to Dioscorides, it

as

headache,

and

of

A^dcenna.

pellucid stone,

muriate

that

was

and

snakes,

is

and

the

principallyof

it

as

an

See

have

been

petrified oysters.
it
in
menorrhagia, in inflamed
also recommends
(v, 164.) Galen
(De Simpl. ^iii.)See in like manner

iron, argil,and
and
HilFs

hence

silica.

it is often

It
called

is

nearly

the

tard
Bas-

'Theophrastus.' Dioscorides
ophthalmic remedy, and as a liniment for

228

CoMM.

SIMPLES.

The

cases.

Eagle -stone

with
The

is of

have

been

one.

Dr.

which

rendered

The

Hill

earth, clay,and

for

it

H.

The

is

opinion

of

cyanus.

Dioscorides

pharmic,

and

the eyes,

(v,156.)

lazuli,"quotes
the

caustic,and

does

iron. It is often

mention

not

is prescribed

siliceous

it is

pared
com-

medicinal

any

of it that

it

use

used

was

further

See

copper,

confounded

which

ancients, to

ancients

is

Harduin

Beckmann

supposed by

virtues

for

it ;

the

and

Arabians,

the

quote

sapphirus

ulcerations

saying

eyelashes,that

of

that

it may

is

it

refer

it

alexi-

diseases

of

antidote

an

head

the

the

to

an

as

as

the

of

"

Lapis

promotes

the

fungous flesh,is

tic,
sep-

saying of it,that it has

degree of attenuating and

moderate

there

sapphirus

and

it that

it restrains

ulcerative;and Galen,
with

the

the

Galen

This

treating of

apparently

merely recommends
scorpions. Rhases, iinder

in

but

for internal

as

yet

descriptionsof

Galen,

Dioscorides

to

(History of Inventions.)

lazuli.

recommends

abstergent powers,
styptic

the

remedy

stingsof
of

common

and

pretty generally established,and

now

Dioscorides

growth

the

not

talc, calcareous

merely states
asbestinum.
(v,155.)

Lapis

given by

the

it may

(xxxvi,31.)

difficultyattending
Lapis lazuli,do not

to

of

of the

He

the linum

the

is

thinks

Sprengel

applied,but

N.

been

was

small

proportion of

plumosum

Sapphirus

have

opinion.

composed

small

was

forming

in Phn.

Quincy. (165.)
a
Turquoise; but

as

turquoise, although

Dioscorides.

which

late

quantity of
it a valuable
ingredient in collyria. It
(v, 153.)
by Dioscorides.
purpose

Alumen

by

English Dispensatory

as

it contains

says

Atniantus

the

of

vii.

in the

Fuchsius^

to

different

species

for this

to

characters

Thyites,according

Matthiolus

with

retained

was

all its ancient

[book

be

as

mixed

in

coll^^riafor

the

'

eyes,

and

humours,
the

especiallyfor
which

hairs.

Averrhoes

be

1. ult.

Calais

the

Turquoise,or

The
the

(Cont.

and

also

i, 404.)

See

(Collig.
v, 43) ;

and

eyelidswhen

it represses,

The

of lime

the

of

Pliny

MempJiites

and

Gemma
See

iron.

the

contains

retinasphaltum
(Mineral, iii,178.)

and

of

Mr.

Haly

the

affected

with

sharp
growth of
prevents
also Serapion (c.389) ;
the

Abbas

ancients

(Pract. ii,45.)
is said

Turcica, which

by

consists

Dr.

Hill

to

principally

Thyites.
bitumen

and

Ilatchett, or

According

to

ethereal
retinite

Dioscorides,

oil.

It

of Jameson.
when

rubbed

is

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

smoothly
insensible
The

places about

upon

According

LycJtnitis,which

mentions

and

used

(v.158.)

Rhases,

this

It

used

It

glass.
Kidd

is

and

Jameson,

Smaraydus

our

emerald,

and,

far

as

describes
with

it.

Attic

useful
that

as

in

as

an

of

but

Roman,

or

We

ancients

there

is every

crystalsand

not

Aetius

know,
says

honey,

it

of

for

cures

other

Arabian,

Appendix

also

was

talc.

Moscovy

windows

in

sparry

place

of

See

gypsum.
the

head

of

unquestionably referable
believe, also

to

reason

of

stones

the

of Dioscorides

is the

of

roasted
vision

prehended
com-

jasper
Galen;

or

first medical

when

author
and

who

levigated

; that

it is most

extei'nallyand internally
;
We
are
bleeding, (ii,
39.)

ancient

has

of the
to

the

of it under

is

dimness

it restrains

any

epileptics,
it

i, 405.)

certain

it,that

both
elephantiasis,
amulet

soft,

their' fruit,

keep

as

in the works

occur

we

will treat

in the

the

He

that

aware

same

treated

is

minutely,

to

that

sembling
re-

"lapis lunaris," copies

ult.

ancients

as

Book.

coloured
It does

the

have

We

Fifth

The

kind.

of

variety of selenite, or

in the

Gypsum

them

head

was

adds,

make

to

it

draught

He

(Cont. 1.

the

by

as

women.

the

under

Dioscorides.

much

Comm.

the

as

It

describes

given

was

order

Lapis Specularis

was

to

trees

chapter of

The

it

in

to

same

describes

geographer,

Dioscorides

phylactery by

appended

the

(Orbis. Descrip. 328.)

colourless.

the

Dionysius

of it that

as

them

lamellated

compact

it is

Eustathius^

to

fire in lustre.

and

cut^ it renders

or

principallyof

consists

Selenites

pellucid,and

be burnt

to

danger, (v,157^)

without

gypsum.

229

authority,

noticed

whether

and
not

Greek,

it.

Bezour-stone

and

Gall-stone

of

the

bull

this section.

(calledalso XnoaTro^i^iov
AiBi"aiTf:^lxov
jj jjpa/cXetoi'),
Lithospcrmon, Gromwel,
Acgouychus,
drunk

with

of

white

Commentary.
or
officinale,

in the

quidcm
arte

is

Grnmioel.
terms

miraculo

alteriiis inter

seed

of

herl)

the

called

stony hardness, and white, which,

diuretic.
and
wine, proves lithontriptic
Without

following

the

doubt

Pliny
"

aspexi.

Ncc

it

is

himself

expresses

quidquam

Tautus

folia candicantibus

est

the'

inter

decor,

when

LitJiospermum

respecting it
herbas

velut

margaritis:

majorc

aurilicum
tarn

exqui-

Comm.
'

'
'

SIMPLES.

230

'

lithontripticand
it the

give

(H.

N.

vii.

xxvii, 74.)

minutely, and, like our author, calls

diuretic,
(iii,
148.) Serapion and Avicenna

describes

Dioscorides

"

nascentis."

herba

lapidisex

sita difficultas

CoMM.
'

[book

it

it maintained

characters, which

same

it held

place in

times,

as

long

works

of

Parkinson, Culpeper,

as

the

and

it

modern

in

the

See

Dispensatory.

Quincy.

Aivoairepiiiov,
Lini
holds
it is

the

middle

'

It

of

inflammations

in

author,

Linum

eaten,

usitatissimwn,
of its medicinal

account

commends

womb,

and

and

(ii,125.)

uterus,

of it in very

treats

of the

further

bowels

the

When

externallyfor ephehdes,
internallyas an
expectorant

He

aphrodisiacal medicine.
in pains of the
enema

and

order,

it

and

complaints,

other

first

desiccants.

gives a long

virtues,recommending
and

seed

is the

Dioscorides

Linseed.

Angl.

and

the

roasted.

although

flatulent,even

in

heating

of diluents

rank

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

is

Linseed,

Semen,

as

and

as

an

hip-bath

Galen,

The

general terms.

it

van,

like

our

and

Arabians,

circumstantial
of it.
account
especiallyA^-icenna, give a more
(Cont. 1. ult. 426.)
(ii,2, 598.) See Serapion (c.21) ; Rhases

to

recommend

Dioscorides, they

Like

of

apostemes

of the

of diseases

as

chest

external

an

character, and

hard

it

application

internally for

the

cm'e

intestines.

and

AivoZ,(vcrTi^,
the

Mercurialis,
to be

that

known

its seed

when
of

excrescences

narphia, it
must

is found

green,

and

to

the

considerably laxative

them
be

must

of the

is discutient.

is rubbed

body,

make

they
Most

Commentary.

CoMM.
"

be

is

Mercury,

applied in cataplasms it

belly, and

the

herb

rubbed

botanical

ought
natural
preter-

\Tilgar call

,the

disappear.
often

those

upon

which

It

of

But
with

authorities

seed

the
it.

that

agree

'

''

Mercurialis

it is the

Hippocratic

treatises

Dioscorides, who,
INIateria
a

in water
to

the

as

pot-herb,
proves

popular

and

it in

and
a

cholagogue
notion

It

that

frequentlyin

occurs

article of diet

an

describes

130
Medica, (iii,

laxative

L.

annua,

and

iv, 188), speaks

medicine
and
the

laxative.

gentle

separate places

two

of

which

of

the

it

the
He

hydragogue.
leaves

of

the

as

of

his

being

decoction
also alludes

female

plant.

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

applied to

when

of

It does

not

in the

occuj

discover, in those
of

Averrhoes, who

calls it

as

Cassia

produced by

for diseases

vinegar
and

errhine.
in

virtues
from

taken
Galen

Aetius
of

says

the

writers

it,

have

treated

Charras, who

appears

of it that

Kkewise

is from

the

oz.

plant

people

in the
it

garden,
bowels."

is of

written

of

Pharm.

is

vulgar,
is

carplda.

for

ing
purg-

this testimony,
ancient

suspccta:

menstruums.

Alston

106.)

Dr.

Hill

says

is eaten

by

cultivated

when

largely it gently
place in

of

says

all the

provokes the

If eaten

catory
masti-

experience,affirms

nature, and

It held

(Mat. Med.)

in

HoAvever, Moses

from

spinach,which,

greatly excels.

boiled

Virtus

says,

powers.

emollient

manner

of
"

iij." (Roy.

its laxative

an

its leaves

author

constat."

belly,and
to

ulcers

mercury

that

class

the

reading

herb

can

lent
excel-

Notwithstanding

nobis

have

to

acknowledges

This

as

the

uses

we

it evacuates

narplna, by the
the

an

our

'

'

male.

same

its flower

What

by
it,Bergius

of

the

particularto

spleen, and

Comm.

exception

proves

recommends

called

rite

it loosens

"

dose

late

of the

everybody

nondum

"

further

in

is,in fact, confirmed

who

the

says

in wine

and

sores,

diseases

emollicns

The

boiled

(i),where, however,
"

as

with

like, and

belly." (De Simpl. Med.)

which

vis

the

(Collig.v, 42.)

the

far

as

nor,

gentle purgative of

and

He

burns.

of

Celsus,

her

female, while

conception

Arabians,

fistula,tamarinds, and

yellow bile and phlegm ;

applicationto large

its

of

of the

any

of

conception

works

after

generation

plant will promote

male

the

of

in

parts of

period,will promote

menstrual
those

woman's

231

of

it,

many
in the
the

opens

Dispensatory

our

as

Quincy. (106.)

AlTpOl',
Nitrum,

'Nitre

between

powers

becomes
it cuts

place

in

The

the

of the

nitrum

thick

The

and

and

the

clcailv

indicates

from

more

than

Chalcstra,

for arthritic

from

it

internally

desiccative,so

head, and

the

burnt

When

humours

and

following extract

intermediate

If taken

viscid

acrid

of

salts.

(so called

more

from

possessed

is

discutient.

Chalestrsean

for defluxions

Commentary.
tion

and

Thessalonica)is

it is used

?),

aphronitrum

attenuates

other.

any

the

^oda

attenuate

more

and

(or

that
plaints.
com-

Pliny'sdescrip-Comm.

substance

to

which

he

'

"

SIMPLES.

232

CoMM.

appliesit :

Non

"

[book vii.

differeuda et nitri natui'a^

non

est

multum

"
*

sale distans.

Exiguum fitapiidMedos, canesceutibus siccitate

convallibus,
quod vocant halmyrhaga. Optimum copiosumque
in Litis Macedonise
Chalestricum, eaudidum,
quod vocaut
proximum sali. Lacus est nitrosus,exsilieute e
purumque^
medio
dulci fonticulo.
conficitur multo
In ^gypto autem
a

abundantiusj sed deterius. Fit psene eodem modo quo sol,

nisi quod salinis mai'e
nitrariis."
autem
infunduut, Nilum
(H. N. xxxi, 46.) Compare the above with the following
of the

account

native

found
plentifully
These

in

lakes,six in

from

Terrana,in

bouate

and

cai'bonate

what

number,

of soda

called

are

valley surrounded

muriate

of soda

In

the Lakes

westward

are

"

of the

Egypt

it is

Natron.

of
Nile,not

by Umestone.

The

far
car-

exist

togetherin these waters ;

the water
is diminished
these
by natural evaporation,
salts are deposited
in distinct layers."
inCleaveland^s
(Broguiart,
to bring any further
Mineral.,133.) It would be superfluous
proofthat the ancient nitrum generally
appliesto our natron
but when

or

the native carbonate

and

Arabians

of soda.

the

Were

Greeks, Romans,

then

the nitrate
or
entii'ely
ignorantof saltpetre
it
how largely
potash? This seems
incredible,
considering
is distributed in Europe, Asia, and
Africa ; and, therefore,
cannot
we
bring ourselves to think that this mineral can
have entirely
escapedthe observation of the ancients ; and if
this were
the proper placefor such a disquisition,
believe
we
that we
could state satisfactory
for drawing the conreasons
clusion,
that "nitrum"
it
the
well
to
to
as
was
as
applied
of

other
we

mineral.

are

authors

But

at the

same

time,as

mentioned

quite satisfied that by Rtrum and nitrum

if not universally,
the
meant
generally,

of soda.

with regard to
Dioscorides,

merelystates of it that it has alterative

the
native

its medicinal

above,
medical
nate
carbopowers,

metasyncritic
powers,
the
respecting Aphronitrum
under that head.
Our author abridgesGalen's account
of it,
but omits to mention, as stated by Galen, and also by Aetius,
that the diflPerent kinds
of nitre were
popularlyused as
of
All the
counter-agentsin cases
poisoningby mushrooms.
Arabians
under the
treat largelyof this substance
generally
of baurach.
name
See Avicenna
2, 84) ; Rhases (Cont.
(ii,
1. ult. iii,
115); Mesue
(De Simpl.xvii)
j Serapiou(c.401);
(v,129.) We

have

givenhis views

or

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

(Pract.ii,46, 487) ; Ebn Baitliar (i,187.)

natrum
Nitrum
it is :
appellatur Arabice

Abbas

Haly

(Cont.

gemmse."

sali

simile

for

the

of

rure

diseased

to

prurigo

joints,

scabies, and

and

and

with

along

for the

ear

is said

nitrum,
and

that

it

varieties
with

It

it.

the

applicationto
when

of the

stomach.

occasion

His

vomiting.

acquainted

with

with

his

as

an

wonted

it,

suppositoriesas

desire
Abbas

better
friction

that

prevent

be

will

become

to

genious
in-

many

which

states

will

sometimes

has

nitrum,

Haly

affections

it will

Costa,

invasion

of

hour

the

in

that

says

who

those

to

subject.

this

it before

with

he

ancient

the

poisoning

for colic and

commentator,

on

interesting

very

phlegm,

Avicenna,

Like

observations
found

viscid

and

other

recommending
distinctly,

clysters,and

in

powers,

and

blood

bull's

ternally
ex-

it into

the

of

cases

it

African

or

than

dogs. Mesne,

very

mouth,

of crude

evacuant

an

powers

the

given by

of mad

bites
its

precision,states

and

cautharides,

mushrooms,

in

them

by

est

remove

emetic

humours

of gross

used

was

aphronitrum,

possessedof

be

to

incisive

more

was

of

Avicenna

by

figs

'
'

et

cation
appli-

an

to

injectionof

an

The

of deafness.

ciu-e

as

Comm.
'

used

They

ii,508.)

1. ult.

dropsical swellings. They recommend

the

Rhases

"

what

marks

233

attack

an

of ague.

Aoyyr^iTiq,
Lonchitis,
which

is diuretic.

carrot, and

and

like

triangular seed,

has

the

resembles

which

Spleenwort

Rough

when

dried,

the

But

the

spear,

resembles

green

leaves

drunk

with

that

of

that

of

the

species

agglutinativeof wounds

scolopcndrium, are

and

species

that

of

root

vinegar, they

indurated

cure

spleens.
Our

Commentary.
Lonchitis
has

been

is taken

which

be

other, which
the

would

is still

name

anti-inflammatory, and
the

spleen.

account

of

Dioscoridcs.

Galen
it.
Sec

the

Such

Of

seem

to

be the

appropriated,he

the
of

Avicenna

other

the

species of

two

these, the former, which

Serapias Lingua,

for

recommends

and

of the

account

Dioscoridcs.

conjectured to

The
to

from

author's

he

calls

(ii,2, 33G.)

vulnerary

reducing

as

is diuretic.

speciesoiaspidium,

authorities

Arabians

says

treat

give
of

and

size

the
a

Comm.
'

of

similar

it follow

SIMPLES.

234

[book

vii.

AvKoxpig,
Hound'

Lycopsis,
Dioscorides

s-tongue

in

polenta

if rubbed

that

and
erysipelas,

with

it agrees

astringent

an

Avitli

applied

Avhen

tliat

says,

having

root,
plasm,
cata-

oil

in with

it is sudorific.
Echium

the

is either

It

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

'
'

Lycopsis echioides,L., probably

the

Oribasius,

and

well

as

notice

Arabians

If the

of it at all.

or

author,

Galen, Aetius,
do

Celsus,

and

Hippocrates

as

Our

Dioscorides.

from

borrows

acknowledges,

he

as

Italicum, L.,

former.

the

do

it,they

treat

not

the

under

so

of Anchusa.

head

AvKlOV,
Buckthorn,

Lycium,
part

of

cutient,

and

one

other,

the

gently astringent;

and

calefacient

and

They

as

ulcers

'

he

teiTQined

the

author,

same

lycium,

of the

is

Berberis

pruritus

eyelids,punilent

the

of

lips,

chapped

fissure

the

gums,

and

both
dysentericafi'ections,

haemoptysis
The

forth.
and

at

coughs

and

Indian,

he

in

in female

states,

cures

the

to

being nearly
any

length.

the

same

holds

as

oiu*

that

the

See

of

cure

Indian

also

various

psoriasis,and

anus

ulcers

in

and

of

ceeliac

clysters;
of

inflammation
purges

recommends

fluxes, hydrophobia,

need

speciesis

and

the

account
not

in
so

spleen

and

water,
Galen's

author's, we

The

Royle

(x^ii,
83)

tonsils,

draughts

deadly poisons, (i,132.)

the
He

and

of

leave

to

as

Lycium.

cornea,

ears

jaundice,prevents menstruation,

counter-agent
it

of

obscm'ities

as

de-

desatisfactorily

now

Transact.'
Linn.
(Antiq. of Hind. Med. 32), and
Dioscorides
Pereii-a
(Materia Medica, 1152.)
of these
former
the
an
as
astringent for the
such

so

infectorius.

'

complaints,

and

discutient.

as

Rhamnus

the

to

product

the

be

to

produces

points

of the

Indicum

Lycium

which

tree

that

doubt

no

the

the

distinct
sufficiently

gives a

Dioscorides

scriptionof

of

dysenteric cases

inflammations

in

'

'

and

cseliac

degree.

obstructions

in

and

degree,

intermediate

an

detergent

and

in

second

in the

dis-

best.

is the

Commentary.

CoMM.

as

astringent in

an

ill-conditioned
Indian

it is desiccative

refrigerant

it,therefore,

use

pupil, and
The

that

so

powers,
and

cooling

part, being

terrene

or

heterogeneous

heating, attenuate,

ingredients being

its

of

composed

is

is

of

expound

far stronger

SIMPLES.

236

Agrostemma

CoMM.
'

"

and

gogue,

remedy

in the

Galen

10^-5.)
(iii,

of the

characters

and

the

Lychnis

Dioscorides

by

of persons

case

in

coronaria

vii.

chola-

stung by scorpions,

merely

general

not

the

state

We

terms.

Arabians,

of the

be

to

authorities

other

this article in any

found

not

it is said

githago

[book

have
in Ebn

even

Baithar.

AwToq,

Lotus, Bird's-footTrefoil(?);
trifolium.

called

some

desiccative

order

or

Nettle-tree,consists
and

water,
hairs

'
*

to, than

to

referable

to

perhaps
of

it,

"

Barbary,

speciesof
be

can

trees

this

call it

both

when

second

The

is

The

Lote,

moderately
the female

drunk

It

injection.

further

enter

with

wine

also

strengthens

into

the

Lotus,

Arbor
of the

which

to

doubt,

its

gave

for

often
also

literary
given

referred

of

some

Zizyphus Lotus,
Dr.

by

nabk.'^

and

the

the

the

its

says

ancient
Arabs

of

(^ eg. Kingd.

other

authorities

Perhaps

The

is

with

Lindley

to

name

food

at

Trifolium,

probably

its berries

carulea.
the

was

so

tribe.

of Dioscorides

named

have

called

the

same

collected

sadar, and

we

already

and
officinalis,

day

lotus

melilotus

no

bread.

applicablefor

determined.
satisfactorily

been

never

into

it is

the

Lotus

Lote-bush,

wild

the

to

as

detergent.

Hence

Appendix,
that

the

who

somewhat

particles,and

not

Melilotus

is to

The

582.)

the

other

The

Lotophagi,

has

the

some

belongs

subtile

an

need

mention

and

congeners,

lotus

bowels,

in

temperament

proper

interesting subject,which
in

length

some

of the

^Ve

this

of

history

wild

fallingout.

are

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

that

of

is also made

of

used

when

or

is

is also

astringent.

for fluxes

fluor,and
the

the

lotus

Egyptian

desiccative

or

of

calefacieuts,and

of

of the

seed

seed

species is by
rately
detergent and mode-

possessed of

and

poAvers,

The

heat.

to

It is

cultivated

the

it

the

was

Egyptian lotus,there

Nymph(Ba Lotus,

L.

Dioscorides

striking description of this last,which, he says, the

inhabitants
ofEgj^pt use for making bread ; and it is deserring
gives a

of remark
and

eaten

Nymphaa
other
the

loti

main,

that

the

by
in
are

the

this

rhizomes

jSTegroes of

nymphsea
Senegal. See

section.

Our

from

Dioscorides

copied

under

of the

this

head.

See,

author's

in

or

like

are

still roasted

further

characters

Galen,
manner,

who

under
of

agree,
Aetius

the
in
and

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

loti,and
have

Arabians

The

Oribasius.
more

been

treat

237
of the

great length

at

especiallyof the L. Arbor, with

famiharly acquainted. See AAicenna

which

different

Comm.
'

'

they

'

must

(ii,
3, 298, 513);

Baithar
i, 487) ; Ebn
(Cont.
Serapion (c. 120) ;
it as a powerful astringent in
ii,539.)
They all recommend
of the
looseness
bowels, bloody flux, monorrhagia, ulcers of
1. nit.

Rhases

of

Serapion^s

indeed,

from

Odyssey

of

been
of

used

and

known

of

there

Homer,

in

occm's

fable

the

the

whetter

contained

of food

that

of

treatises

Hippocratic

doubt

no

article

an

as

the

One

chest.

and

Lotophagi,

be

can

of the

it stomachic

calls

lotus

The

affections

and

asthma

authorities

appetite.

the

in

and

bowels,

the

in the

the

had

lotus

long before

time

the

Hippocrates.
Ma
is

Macer

bark

properties.
hence

Under

Commentary.
of

words

quote

the

bark

from

and
particles,

head

by

cooling

astringent;
better

excellent

an

than

"

Macer, a
livingauthority:
thought to be
region, has been

d'Acosta.

Crist.

is

do

cannot

we

this

anticlysenterica,
supposing

Wrightia

and

in

dysenteric complaints.

this

Barbaric

the

desiccative

heating

to

as

of subtile

cseliac and

with

it agrees

India, being

intermediate

consists

It

/CEO,

from

brought

and

order,

third

the

(Clus.

Exot.

be

to

the

Comm.

scribed
de-

macre

266.) Though macer

such
the
as
given me

as
a bark, I had
always described
of Rhododendron
the
leaves
lepidotum under
highly aromatic
of talisfur. Mafur and
mafurbooz are in Persian works
name

is

assigned
the

macer

Hindoo

as

the

Greek

doubt

that

the

Thus
words
manner,

from

different

was

the

under

mace,

of

Dioscorides.

the

in

from

his

nutmeg,

he

which

the

chapter

the
there

mace,
two
on

name

(Antiq.of

A\dcenna.^'

(ii^2, 448.)

macer.

which

under

Though

confounded

Avicenna,
on

by

to

Royle).

Arabians

of Paulus

memljranc

or

Dr.

91, by

Greeks, then,

the

taUsafar,

is alluded

of Dioscorides
Med.

of

names

of

macer

be

can

no

substances
raace,

Serapion

correctlydescribes
gives the characters

gether.
to-

quotes

as

of

the

in like

the

rind

macer

(De Simpl. 2.)

M"Xnj3a0pov,
^Malabathrum

the

leaf of

it has

powers

like the

'

"

spikenard.

"

SIMPLES.

238

Commentary.

CoMM.

[book

Ainslie,treatingof the Cassia

Dr.

'

"
'

Cassia

Cassia,

well

as

the

"

bark, says,

sold

are

of

called

Folia

the

Indica,

of

the

query

is

of Laurus

product
it,

does

Pereira

Dr.

quod

in

holding
Dr.
it to

Malahathrum,

modern

Greek

macopoeia,
Phar-

Cassia-buds

the

L.

Malahathrum.

sine

ulla radice

or

Ind.

Indicum.

Laurus

the

cially
espe-

Baitar, makes

Ibn

put whether

Cassia,

dictum

Folium

"

In

same.

are

(Med.

agree

Folium

the

peculiarspeciesof Laurus, callingit

the

of

to be

eimer, then, in his translation

and

also

the

are

more

Cassia."

Royle

of

leaves

which

Laurus

namon-tree
Cin-

names

they

these

name

Lauriis

of the
the

that

commerce

the

of

Cinnamon-leaf,

Cassia, or

South
be

leaves

Geoffrey, Sprengel, and

" 35.)
the

In

Malahathra,

or

the

appliesto

notion

Cassia.

Laurus

under

bazaars

tejpat, from

lav)angapatery and
leaves

Indian

in the

Lignea, or
the

oblong, ovate, shining leaves

the

as

of

leaves

narrow-pointed

vii.

be

Isidorus
innatans

the
says

in Indise

colligitur." (Oi'ig-xviii,9.) It is always simply

ment.
Folium
appliesthe word to an ointby Apicius. Horace

littoribus
called

unguenti

speciem
of

Malaljathrinum

ascribes

it

as

like

it all the

to

them

it possesses

in

The
after

little more,
Dioscorides.

in

The

believe, in the

and

it with

the
a

brief

all,than

copy

the

Avicenna
the

He

of

works

antidotes

he

authorities,

notice, comparing it
greater length, but

Celsus

and

but

also mentions

Greek

characters

(ii,2, 253)

Dioscorides

spikenard ;

other

of it at

of his

one

Indian

Dr.

Malahathrum.

cephalic.

treat

in

once

of

superiordegree.

Unguentum

ancients, as

virtues

Arabians

See

only

the

of the

Galen

author, dismiss

our

of

much

virtues

(i,11.)

scent,

spikenard.

occurs

said

the

is

(i,76.)

stomachic, sudorific, and

it

call

They

says

Dioscorides.

remarks, have

This

scimus."

esse

Avhich

on

Malahathrum

"

Porphyrion, remarks,

his commentator,

passage

Hill

Syrio capillos,"(Od. ii, 7) ;

Malabathro

"

does

of it

to

do

given by

Serapion (c.53.)
(v,23),
not

occur

as

dient,
ingre-

an

at

It

all,we

HippocraticCollection.
MoXa/Tj,

Mallows

Malva,
emollient
also

weaker.

is drier.

but

the
Its

the

wild

garden,

is
as

fruit,however,

moderately
being
is

as

more

much

discutient

and

moistening,

is

stronger

it

as

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

Commentary.

plies

applicable,namely,
and

uterus

womb,

and

as

fruit,when

allayspains
Greek

the

about

reed
the

authorities

It

in

occurs

praisesit

as

works

the

The

add

excellent

by

the

Arabians

they

brieflycommends
chest

and

for

lengthy

complaints

of

thick

being

of

sort

knots, which

mata,

as

lungs

applicationin

are

of

for

of

He
and

and

in

one

name

general
demulcent.
the

latter

gentle laxative,

but

have

little to

given

powers

ties
Serapion^s authoriin

in

afl'ections of the

hot

recommends

of

it

(c.
too

internallyin

externally as

herb, having,
cicatrices

attenuate

to

apostemes.

lient
emol-

an

2, 194.)
(ii,

cases,

radicle

mentioned

article is not

as

it were,

and

leuco-

by Dioscorides, Comm.

pungent
of

the

it for

nails ; he

pain

of the

antidotes

commentator

Doronicum.

we

recommends

appliesvery
of

it,

other

highly interesting,but

liver,and

believed

cleaning the

jaundice

Paulus

it is

varietyof

This

cleansing,and

where, his

of

the

believe,by any of the Arabian

the exception of Avicenna, who
calls it abstergent

writers,with

occurs

cataplasm

Pliny, Galen, Oribasius, nor,

eye, and

Celsus
as

with

more

its medicinal
One

breasts

and

and

to

decidedly detergent power.

Commentary.

and

the

in

fully;

demulcent

poisoning, as

purpose.

the

IMamiras, is

as

account

our

Galen

it

it

all copy.

it

bladder, and

Avicenna's

149.)

of

bowels,

is mixed

and

recommends

treat

diseases

of the

to

discutient

gently

descriptionof

Dioscorides, whom

milk

medicine

'

it

says it is beneficial

lotus

Hippocrates

pot-herb,and

(vii,27.)
to

of

wild

as

'

'

prepared

so

of

cases

(ii,144.)

it

be

to

pains

attracts

bladder,

terms, representing it

in

praisesin

the

of

also

hip-bath in

stomach, and

of

treat

as

enema

stung b}^phalangia, and

persons

Comm.

incipientfistula lacliry-

decoction

he

of the

evacuation

in

furfures, and

suitable

its broth

anus;

producing
its

and

probably comprehended
to which
minutely the cases

and

erysipelas; its

tliat it apother

cataplasm

oil for achores

for burns
of the

as

doubt

to

reason

no

describes

Dioscorides

malis, with

seems

sylvestris,but

Malva

to

species.
is

There

239

says,
well

to

the

of

clearing away

adds

of it that

albugo

of tlie

it is useful

in

belly,(ii,2, 479.) It further

Nicholas
IMyrcpsus (c.138),

description of it given by
known
root
otticinally
by the

the

SIMPLES.

240

[book

vii.

Mai'Spoyopoc,
belongs to the third order of cokl
apples have a certain share of heat and
they are
possessed of a soporific
power.
of it being stronger is not
only cooling,

Mandragora, Mandrake,
medicines.

bark

but
CoMM.

hence

and

humidity,
The

its

But

of the

root

also desiccant

but

the

disputed points regarding the

shall merely mention
in this place

Waiving

Commentary.
ancient

INIandragora,we

that

believe

we

M.

the

of

Mas

Dioscorides

dragoras vernalis,Bertolin, and

The

part of it is weak.

inner

authors

ancient

like

M.

Man-

autumnalis.

M.

of its nai'cotic and

apples to be placed below

obstinate
18.)
insomnolency. (iii,

directs
of

manner,

been

have

Femina

frequent mention

make

Celsus
soporific
powers.
the patient's
pillow in cases

DioscorideSj in

the

to

its

says,

its

juice; that
mandrake
deprive the person of his speech. He mentions
as
ingredient in anodyne collyria and pessaries,and says
smelled

in

an

also their

apples are narcotic when

if persistedin, they will

to, and

sleep. He recommends
given to patientsbefore they

the

it induces

enema

mandragora to be
to the
operation
for

directions

of

cutting

making

bui'ning.

or

various

the

He

as

that
of

wine

subjected

are

gives

minute

preparationsof mandragora.

an
by giving from information
of another
account
species of mandragora, called morion,
which
he represents as being powerfullynarcotic ; and hence
as
about
when
to operate by
men
by medical
being administered
and
cutting or burning. This plant we agree with Dodonseus
been
have
of Theophrastus,
in thinking must
the M.
Cordus
Considering the diligenceof the
namely, the Atropa Belladonna.
ancient
herbahsts, it is not likelythat they should have wholly
donna.
overlooked
so
prominent and important an article as the Bella-

concludes

He

his

Plants, 314)

of

of

The

account

from

Dioscorides.

propter

(H.

N.

for

word

mixtus

cortex

\dno

ciu'am

secandum

Cujus

like

Serapion

in

and

that

says

amputation

to

it

do

mandragora

word

almost
''

on

it

objections stated

The

(Theatre

chapter

manner
was

diminish

xxv,

to

not

this
appear

opinion by
to

us

given by Pliny
94.) Our author
from

Galen.

ad bibendum

of
is

much

mostly

and

Isidorus
iis datur

Parkinson

Aetius
says

quorum

force.
taken
row
borof

it,

corpus

seutiaut."
non
soporatidolorem
describes
it as
a
powerful narcotic,
administered
before
the performance of
partisensibility,
(c. 333.) Avicenna

est,

ut

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

He

medicine.

narcotic

the

cularly commends

bile.
of

soporific powers

its action

in

of this

Comm.

suppository.

'^

phlegm and yellow

if a young
He
states that
person, by mistake, partake
berries,they bring on vomiting, purging, and perhaps
with sulphur \-i\-um,
is said by him
seed mixed
The
to

milky juiceof it,he

The

and

it exerts

that

says

241

its

death.

the

Averrhoes

brieflysays

its bark

also

E-hases

is

bowels

of its

says, that

1. ult.

hellebore,

like

apples,that they

desiccative,but

(Cont.

and

concrete

and

stomach

evacuates

evacuates

Dioscorides, he

Like

stop menorrhagia.

that

adds,

its root

are

weaker,

Ser\itor

i, 446.)

2, 357.)
(ii,
and
soporific,

(v. 42.)

describes

expressedjuice of mandi'agora.

an

could

he

calls

mandi-ake

The

See

both

former,

be

lachryma,
procured everysays
where.
writers
allude
its
to
non-professional
fic
soporiof
Lucian
Thus
KaOevSeiv.
speaks
viro
fiav^fuyopag
powers.
of the head, that
(Timon.) Pollux says that it produces heanness

which

he

not

the

Even

is to say, stupor. Our old herbalists.

Turner,
the soporific
and
Culpeper, mention
powers
but

in such

impliesthat they
it.
By the days of

acquaintance with
its internal
on

had

use

we

might not
operationon

writers

works

of

be

reA"ived.
the

latest

abandoned,

Although it has now

see
no
good reason

the continent.

be

been

That

animal

the

economy

Orfila,Chiistison, and
state, that

to

proper

the

both

in

its

why

ancients

the

Thuris,
and

III.

pensatories,
Dis-

our

well-regulateduse
described

and

by
See

conclusion

Ai'abians

not

and

and

its
our

the

it may
Persians

antispasmodic.
contained

in the

powers

to

frankincense, but

feebled
en-

Hill

broke

off

Roman

of

says

it, "

]Manna

thuris

est Comm.

permista." (Lexicon Ruscalls it the fragments of the cluster frankincense

in the
carriage. It is singular that the

corticis

Dr.

and

country

Medica.

In

Quincy,

Xij3ai"ov,

similar

Gesner

fragraina minora

Greek

this

gently astringent.

Commentary.

ticum.)

has

and

have

Materia

Pereira.

modern

Mai'va
^lanna

practical

disappearedfrom

the

use

much

Boerhaave

maudragora as a narcotic
See Ainslie
(Mat. Ind. i, 1, 116.) It is
Greek
Pharmacopoeia of the present day.

still

not

mandi'ake,

is admitted
correctly,

Toxicology and

on

of the

had

as

way

Gerard, Parkinson,

writers

ramentis

make

no

mention

of the

manna

16

now

SIMPLES.

242

ill use,

CoMM.

had,

Actuarius

INI. V,

properly

medicinal

the

in

We

it from

will

treat

of

the

to

this

Appendix

bv the

in

first ; it therefore

the

vii.

Ornus.
the

true

section,

bians.
Ara-

manna

among

the

degree, but

desic-

Arabians.

in the third

Foeniculum, Fennel, is heating

cative

Fraxinus

of

the

introduced

substances

tlie

use

learned

8.)

of

juice

concrete

doubt,

no

(Meth.
more

the

namely,

[book

milk

forms

and

relieves

sions
suffu-

of the eye.
Dioscorides

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

"
"

properties of

medicinal
than

of the

any
it

milk;

as

diuretic,and

as

being alexipharmic,and
mad

in

dogs

and

of

in those

the

of

gum

to

Mat.

of the

uterus

the

an

is

in

It

frequently in

occurs

articles

The
terms

324)

They

which

Arabians
as

Averrhoes
;
all

sight.

vulgare, is
The

other

not

See

unknown

held

Galen,

the

(ii,31), and

repress
fennel

in

among

moUifj^ (ii,
33.)
nearly

(ii,2, 274)

; Ehases

the

same

Serapion (c.

1. ult.

(Cont.
diseases

stating that

their

eyes

i, 293.)

of

pharmic,
alexithe

eyes.

vipers and
fennel

upon

ed.

to

other

improve

species of fennel, namely, the Foeniculum

in this country.
employed as a medicine

now

been

Quincy

of

(?) as

rub

This

takes

suitable

follow

and

applicationin

species,Foeniculum

Matthiolus
have

Democritus

creatures

racters,
cha-

same

being diuretic,-emmeuagogue,

as

excellent

an

quote

time

Avicenna

See

it

diuretics

his

same

fully

plant

Hippocratic treatises. (551, "c.

(Collig.v, 42)

represent

venomous

their

at the

Greeks.

the

the

the

and

author

our

the bites

on

givesit the

and

it among

treat

and

They

ranks

Celsus

Foes.)
the

Aetius

collvria.

bladder

collyria,and

main,
74.) Galen,
Spain, (iii,
holding it to be diuretic,emmeuagogue,
in

and

of

emmeuagogue

produced

in the

iueredient

secretion

applicationto

ingredient

it,which

Foeniculum)

kidneys
as

the

JNIed.,
representing

promote

suitable

as

exposition of

[Anethum

the

on

excellent

an

especiallythe

more

substance

being possessed of powers

being useful in complaints

as

as

of

"

this

authorities

other

fuller

gives a

it for

place
(77.)

to

in

our

the
the

cliilce,
or
ancient

Pharmacopoeia (68.)

Fennel, although

Maratliron,

ancients.

Dispensatory

It still holds

Sweet

would

The

former

down

to

place

in the

seem

to

however,
species,
recent

modern

period.
Greek

SIMPLES.

244

alludes

CoMM.
'

mineral

the

to

[book
of

pinguent

Inda.

Tinctura

"

'

Beckmann's

History
head

the

under

We

(ii,2, 689.)

Atramentum

of

of

beg

Inventions^

which

author,

our

'

refer

to

he

calls

readers

our

curious

for much

yii.

to

tion
informa-

Ind'iyo.

is

metallicum,

powerfully astringentwith

sub-

tiltyof parts.
Dioscorides

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

'
'

descriptionof
them

be

can

or

less of

we

being

copper,

the

He

Dioscorides.

of subtile

and

between

action

the

the distinction
follows

Arabians
of

those
of

be

likelyto

far

As

the

as

of

melauteria

caustic

same

as

powers

only powerfully astringent

inclines

from

to

set

down

of Dioscorides

that

Dioscorides.

works

weak

but

caustic,

There

is

mention

no

of

sutorium.

Atramentum

distinct

give any

(ii,2, 47.)

(i)y^cKfyo/iiev,
"

dissolved

when

but

straightway relieves

in

this,too, is decidedly
and

oxycrate

rubbed

in, it

burns.

Writing

Commentary.

Serapion
(De Miner.)

of it.

account

scriptorium,IVriting Ink

Atramentum
desiccant

Avicenna

See

Mt'Xav

CoMM.

more

The
Hippocrates, Celsus, and Pliny.
confuse
their
descriptionof it by mixing together
misy, chalcitis,and sori along with it,under the head
the

also fails to

contained

strong astringentand

Oribasius

and

One

certainty.

copper.

Sprengel

different

of

none

great. In describingthe melanteria, Aetius

is not

Galen,

of it in

of

hence

of

yet

ferruginous arseniate

"

the

it

calls

being

as

most

of

all have

must

it has

and

parts ;

his melanteria

is the

it, and

degree

named

says

of

in mines

found

Galen

misy. (v, 117.)

they

mineral

copper" by Cleaveland,
of

any

circumstantial

pretty

varieties

with

certain,that

judge,

can

four

or

recognized

is

thing only

three

gives

Ink.

Dioscorides

describes

the

'
*

of

composition
of
the

the

soot

of

two

of

soot

Oribasius

Montfauyon
it is

pines

rosin, bull's

of the inks

6),

different

adapted

used

(Med.

kinds

with

gum,

glue, and

by

the

Collect,

the

healing

ink
and

the

the

other
a

fuller
N.

says
and

count
ac-

xxxv,

(Orig. xix),

Dioscorides

putrid ulcers

ing
consist-

containing

Pliny (H.

xiii),Isidorus
of

former

For

copperas.

ancients, see

(Palaeog. Greeca, c. i.)

to

of

and

of it that

burns,

when

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

rubbed

with

in thick

allowed

and

water

245

remain, until cica-

to

Comm.
^

trization

place ; for^ he adds, when

takes

the

principleof

(v, 182.) Celsus

in
treating aphthous sores

the crusts

be

the

ulcers

are

to

sutorium.
in

with

the

also to the

alludes

notices

only
the

once,

skull,

(viii,4.)
(ii,
2, 689.)

Dioscorides.

practiceof

same

directs

the Atramentum

scriptorium he

operation of trephining

describing the

the

to

throat, but

or
alum, chalcitis,

Atramentum

The

Avicenna

alludes

healed,

formed

applicationfalls off

MfAoi'0101',

Nigella sativa, Gith,

third

hence

and

when

taken

it agrees

mecia, and

enumerates

all the

these

author

secretion

dyspnoea

when

drunk

and

have
says,

given
is

with

wine;

away

to

seems

catarrhs

heating
be

the

to.

remedies

to

an

Materia

or

of

And

subtile

in

which

form

removes

stung by
of

it is most

in his

INIcdica,of which
Aetius.
the

as

we

Gith, he

third

cloth, so

in

virtues

him

ordei',and

parts ; wherefore

linen

gation
fumi-

drunk

medicinal

by

it

says

when

down

our

tion
exposi-

an

He

milk

fatal

from

it
to

carminative, when

be

cures
stantly
con-

taken

into

the

of

substance

ter
fine-wroughtl^ythe heat, wherefore, also,it is bit-

for it

shown

that when

body,
was

as

terrene

is obvious

from

in the Fourth
substance

its being of subtile

Book

arrives

at

is formed.
elaboration, the bitter cpiality

of these
an

extreme

No

Comm.

applicable.

persons

prove

extract

in
into

the

explains its

the

to

is

and

menses,

Diosco-

'
"

head.

principleslaid

applied hot

smelled

this

drying according to

attenuant,

when

Galen

expositionin
and

hence

empirical style,

much

in
reptiles,

reported

dissertation

an

minative
car-

incisive, and

those

enter
on

urine,

scientifically,
upon

preliminary

parts ;

is most

Gith.

usual

as

not

of

large quantity, (iii,

83.)
most

of

the

leprosies,
ejectsmyr-

his

same

need

drives

it is

that

and

this substance

Dioscorides

the

in

the

it,we
of

spiders;

detergent

which

are

promotes

venomous

in

bitter,and

Nigella sativa, or

in

main

views

the

is also

It

also

is the

cases

recommends

of

catarrhs, and

cures

precision,and

the

in

desiccant

menstruation.
It

great

to it

orthopnoea,cleanses

promotes

Commentary.

and

distinguished for tenuity

It is

with

rides, with

calefacient

internally.

anthelmiuthic.

hence

As

also

smelled

when
it is

is

It

degree.

is

parts, and

Commentaries,
tenuity and

wonder, then, if it

'
'

"

SIMPLES.

246

eaten, but

vermifuge, not only when

ternally to the belly; for it was

CoMM.

proves
'

'

[book

'

juice does
mecia^

need

formerly

Nor

this.
it

And

thus
it

menstruation, when

viscidityof

to

one

views, we

the

in

(ii,2, 516)

Avicenna

Galen.

be used

of

of the other

was

wish

we

is

(De

Galen's
The

authorities.

For

to

medicine.

Hippocrates, but

gith

be

to

not

Arabians,

the

(Cont. 1. ult. i, 496)

gith has

myr-

what

exposition of

an

see

Serapion

footstepsof Dioscorides
for

ceased

medicine, it is still sometimes

in

useful

most

closelyin the

the

Though

remembers

word, when

Celsus.

Rhases

all follow

(c.328.) They
and

Avorks

of

full

so

those

on

INIat. INIed.

the

with

met

be brief

must

in

occurs

given

bitter

orthopnoea^and promotes
and
by the thickness

and, in

incide, cleanse, dry, and heat, it is

Sirapl.xdii.) Having

who

restrained

humours

the

that

leprosy,clavus, and

it relieves

is

applied ex-

shown

formerly

removes

wonderful

seem

said.

it

that

when

vii.

time

some

after

sought

to

past

as

spice.

Gray (Suppl.to Pharmacop. 123.)

See

MeXi,
Mel, Honey, is heating and
and

is also

desiccant

in

considerablydetergent.When

acrid,detergent and

cathartic,but

boiled

the
of

is less

and

stomach

'

"

The

sweet

with

powers,

of

that

is

advantage

occasioning thii'st like

reeds"

the

of

use

us,

bitter

being

terrene

from

but

is

Araby
possessed

of

not

injuring

it.

honey,

is mentioned

less

But

brought

with

additional

the

On

honey

than

it becomes

powers,

(Sugar) Avhich

Sacchar

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

The

Blessed

equal

the

'

hot.

order,

second

nutritious.

more

honey, like that in Sardonia, is of mixed

and

the

in

see

Book

T,

fragment of

s.

69.

Theo-

noticed
by Dioscorides
phrastus.(ed.Heinsius.) It is distinctly
(i,104), Strabo (Geogr. xv), Pliny (H.N. xii,17), Galen
(Med.
Oribasius
Collect,
Isidorus
xi),
(Med.
Simpl. vii),
(Orig.xvii,7),
Alexander
a
nd
Aphrodisiensis (Probl.),
Symeon Seth (in voce

Sacchar.) It is alluded
Et

"

Lucan

however,

as

Statins
cannas."

in the

"

Silv.

following line

is remarked
the

frequent mention

i,6, 15.

it. (Pharsal.iii,237.)
All the Arabian

word, make

Sprengel, that

by

praecoquit.Ebusita

also mentions

authors, in
and

quas

to

of it.

It is

medical

obvious,

by Harduiii, Salmasius, Freind, Millward,

ancient

sugar

was

concretion

formed

upou
it

SIMPLES.

in.]

SECT,

the

from

different

was

in

the

with

which

that

the

the
"

'

it is

that

of Lucan

arundo'^

the

be

familiar,

most

were

Bambu

the

although

ancients

tenera

sugar-reed of

says

that

Hill states

Dr.

of sugar

'"''"'^

is formed

heating and
first degree, detergent, and
diaphoretic like
aries.
it for the composition of electurecommends

Mesne

honey.

consequently Comm.

moderns, which

of the

sugar

and

of the sun,

the heat

Seth

by boiling. Symeon
humid

by

of reeds

the surface

247

was

cane
sugar-

it would

rather

the

leaves

of

pear
apmon
com-

times.

our

MeAm,
Fraxinus, the Ash, is
when

taken

in

bark, when
The

burnt

sawdust

of the

Commentary.
of

Fraxinus,

Our

wood

There
or

author's

drunk

be

both

the

F.

mentions
cases

same

it

of its
and

Ornus

be

to

which,

vipers. Its
leprosies.

removes

is said

doubt

no

of

bites

water,

deadly.

being
F.

speciesCoM.\f.

7'otimdifolia.

'
'

Dioscorides.

from
literally

of it is taken

account

it in the

in with

when
can

perhaps

A\dcenna

(i,108.)

rubbed

and

the

with

draught, agree

tree, the

M^ell-known

commends
vulnerary herb, and reDioscorides
does, (i,108.)

as

as

MtXAwrov,
Melilotum, Melilot, is possessed of mixed
discutient,and
says of

all kinds
anus,

of

and

L.
officinalis,

Melilotus

stypticpower, and
inflammations, especiallyabout

it,that it has

tringent,
as-

digestive.

It is the

Commentary.

being

powers,

is

some

Avhen boiled with

testicles,

emollient

an

the

and

must

Dioscorides

eyes,

Comm.

of

womb,

applied,or along

fenugreek, "c. ; that it cures

meliceris
when
recent, achores, and pain of the stomach, and
when
used
earache
when
injectedinto the ear, and headache
oil of roses,
embrocation
with
as
an
(iii,41.)
vinegar and
Galen
and the other Greek
authorities
state its application in

with

alljumen

of

e^^, flour of

an

general terms like our author. For the Arabians, see Avicenna
(Cont. 1. ult. i,
(ii,2, 41,j); Averrhoes
(Collig.v, 42) ; Rhases
4G5) ; Serapion (De Simpl. 18.)
They scarcely suggest any
for its administration, but borrow
Avhat they say of
new
cases
its

medicinal

melilot

was

poAvers
used

Dispensatory

even

in
as

from

medicine, and
late

as

and

Dioscorides

the

held

time

of

Galen.

place in

The

English
Quincy. (118, 204.)

our

'
''

SIMPLES.

248

[book

vii.

MfAtcTcro^yXAoi',
Baum

Apiastrum,

its action

respect like that

is in every

of

liorehound.
Commentary.

CoMM.

According
leaves

its

when
officinalis)

Dioscorides^ Baum

to

in

taken

are

draught

cataplasm, is alexipharmic in the

when

applied as a
stung by scorpions or venomous
persons
have
been
who
bitten
dogs
by mad
or

form

of

toothache

who

and

as

Our

salts

with

in

is

of

those

quoting

found

Aetius,

from

gargle

for

Amran

and

the

this

the

former

or

it, first

of

Abenmesuai
it is

says

in

it is useful

stomach,

Hippocrates,

from

of whom

it

believe

account

then

and

head, copies
We

of

full

Galen,

that

the

under

works

and

other

of

intemperament

the

in

ulcers ;

and

joints,(iii,
108.)
like him,
gives its

Dioscorides.

Serapion gives

Dioscorides

ebn

from

either

Celsus.

Isaak

and

the

who,

Galen,

Oribasius

and

be

to

not

from

general terms.

Galen,

from

applicationto
soothes
pains of

it

borrows

author

characters

is

the

makes

it

scrofula

discutient

cataplasm

menstruation;

promoting

in

sufferingfrom
along

same

those

clysterfor dysentery ; its leaves,in a draught,

taken
have
poisonous mushrooms, and those
linctus in orthopnoea, and
tormina
a
; it forms

and

those

cure

for

the

of

case

decoction

the

wine,

of

spiders,and

(or effusion)does

fomentation

good hip-bath

{Melissa
with

cold

larating,
exhi-

humid

and

digestion, proves

promotes

(c.23.)

cordial,"c.

^lijLiaiKvXog,
the

being
INIemeecylus,
of under

letter

the

of

the

has

been

fruit

of

Arbute,

treated

K.
It

Commentary.

CoMM.

Fruit

that
Strawbei'ry-tree,

here

is,as
is to

say

stated, the

of the

Arbutus

Unedo,

wild

the
L.

MecTTr/Xa,

Mespila,
decidedly
bowels

and

sour

^Medlar
the

Mesjnlus

fruit

as

and

leaves

distinct

Azarolus

being

esculent

terms

and
and

are

as

leaves

Germanica.

fruit

being
of

the

decidedly sour.
the

no

their

astringent

also

describes

Dioscorides

in such

Tricocca);

scarcelyedible, proves

its shoots

and

Commentary.

CoMM.

(calledalso

Medlars

two

doubt
He

species
that

they

represents

of

are

their

astringent,(i,169, 170.)
slightly

SIMPLES.

iij.]

SECT,

Galen

of

says

medlar, that

the

barely esculent, and

The

of it.

See

The
the

making

330.)
Avicenna

so

and

austere, and

'

and

Casiri

is borrowed

Ebn

Baithar
it for

from

(Bibl.Arab.

from

the

'
'

account

same

ointment

an

Comm.

(De Simpl. vii.)

give the

2, 742)
(ii,

curled.

Hisp.
See

Arabic.

(1.c.)

powers

of

fruit,for the former

is

the

restrain

to

as

and

fluxes.

authorities

prepared

azarolus

term

INIedium
the

Arabian

black

acid

it restrains

Arabians

hair

The

it is

Avicenna
particular,

in

(i,532.)

that

and

Greek

other

249

menstruation,

female

the

being

the

root

and

austere

fluor.

But
of

possessed

those

to

contrary

are

of

astringentof fluxes,
the seed

promotes

even

attenuating

and

incisive

powers.
Commentary.
Dioscorides

description of this article given by

sufficiently
preciseto decide its belonging to the

is

Campanula.

genus
the

The

It

called

species

of the

Medium^

the

at

loss to

Hedica
who

medicinal

same

determine

of the

generallyreferred
Sprengel remarks, the

as

with

agree

Flora

those

Grteca,^ has

Dioscorides

whether

or

and

as

powers

Arabians, with

merely gives
(ii,
541.)

Galen,

'

(i,141.)

C. laciniata.

giving it the

not

his

time

one

but,

does

leaves

Sibthorp, therefore, in
is

at

was

not

it

decided
Galen

pearance
ap-

that

in the

occurs

it
in

agree
We

are

^Materia

the

exception of Ebn
Baithar,
and
descriptionsof it by Dioscorides

the

Mj/zcwvec,
Papavera,

Poppies

garden poppy,
and

when

which

is stronger
but

which

is

than

called
the

sessile head

several

are

call

is

longer

of

all,so

its

and
as

more

to

juice,which

fourth

order

is called

of

its seed

It is therefore
mixed

has seeds

seed

of

the

is edible,

moderately soporific. That

with
which

medicinal, being considerably cold.

is

species,but

Thylacitis, the

R/iteas,because

garden.
quantity of it is

small
has

they

Avitli bread

eaten

specieswhich

there

contracted, is the

not

much
are

That
most

soon

eaten

falls

Ijlack and

off",

by itself,
That

honey.

strongly

tlie top of

which

strongly medicinal

induce

For it and
to mortification.
torpor even
is called,per excellentiam, opium, belong to the

congealing medicines.

Cornutum

is

But

that

varietywhich

possessed of detergent powers,

so

'
"

to

of the medium.

author.

oui'

Comm.
'

that

SIMPLES.

250

decoction

the

of it when

Its leaves
eschars.
has

seeds

which

the

In

diflPerent

foul

cleanse

the

speciesof

Fifth

Book

spmnemn
The

to

be

the

may

ancients

known

poppy

be

the

to

Glaucium

Gratiola

distinguishedtwo
the

poppy-heads,

and

other

expressed juice,much

an

will treat

shall dismiss

we

should

it.

The

of

the ancients.

views

of

He

recommends

same

have

the

an

effect

on

the
the

of the
on

the

Rhases

Papaver

at

The

P.

the

We

present.

from

certain

to

Papaver

way,

Dioscorides.

the

opium.
leaves

says
the

of

they
sores.

veterinarians

removing the albugo and

of the
He
speaks favor{j,bly

cattle.

in

cornutum

for

poppy

of

that

kinds

(ii,2, 563.)

from

cautions,explainedunder

mentions

upon

different

Avicenna

the

bestow

in

the

horned

eyes

the

this, called

strongly commending the

he
to foul
ulcers, when
ajiplication
eschars
of removing all the
upon

Dioscorides, by
used

be

ottiov

than

known

applicationof

the

Dioscorides
as

and

weaker

all his information

almost

of the eye, with

the

is not

learned

best

copies,however,

follows

also

luteum, Scop.

thought it necessary
Arabians
regarding the

tlie

be

may

He

The

have

He

diseases

sort

See
to

seem

f.ii']KMvoQ
ottoc,

called

was

otherwise

poppy

the

was

fullyof

fullyof opium under that head, and therefore

the present subject with a briefer notice than

more

we

one

second

The

fxrjKwviov.

Spumosum,

Angl. Hedge Hyssop.

officinalis,
of the inspissatedjuice
kinds
juice obtained by wounding the

of the poppy:

was

remove

treated

have

we

would
Rhceas
(Toxicol. Vet.) The
Papuver duhmin, the sativum is the P. Wiceas.
appears

and

and

Schulze

cornutum

hepatic complaints.

ulcers

is called Heracl'mm

vii.

phlegm.

purge

Commentary.

CoMM.

flowers

specieswhich

That

in

is serviceable

drunk

and

[book

nebulae
effects

of hot catarrhs, defluxions

general for the cure
breast, and haemoptysis. See further Serapion (c. 72);
(Cont. 1. ult. i, 533); Averrhoes
(Collig.v, 42.) The
in

poppy

of the

great work,

in

joins Avicenna

last of these

Ebn

chest.

of the

treats

approving

Baithar, in

several

of

the

different

speciesof

poppy

for affections

poppy

parts of his
noticed

under

this head.

Mr/Xa,
Mala, Apples

common

excrementitious

and

and

colder

watery

are

cold
and

property of all apples is that of

juice,but
more

those

humid

which

than

the

are

an

dissolved

others.

The

SIMPLES.

252

'"

'
'

vii.

of
the immoderate
use
state that
fully^Avicenna
fruit is flatulent,and superinducesnervous
debility.Dioscorides
describes
accuratelytbe mode of prej^aringa wine from quinces,

wards

CoMM,

[book

more

Avhicb, he
the

of

of the

parts

prepared
of

says,

from

is

possessed of
Avicenna

it.

apples as being

One

stomach.

the

of

account

and

stomachics,

medicinal

the

of

astringents.(Cout.

1. ult.

kinds

strengtheners

authorities

powers

ointment

an

fragrant

alexipharmic,and

Rhases^s

of

all the

as

poAvers

of

mention

represents

and

cordial

medicinal

same

also makes

He

quince.

the

gives

resting
inte-

an

cordials,

apples as

i, 441.)

MjjXaja rifpfTiKJ?,
Malum

Peach

the

Persicum,

and

shoots

MjjXam
]Malus

Armeniaca,

are

jMeum,

Spignel

in the

but

occasions

when

same

^MijXa.

hot

are

taken

in

third

the

diuretic

and

which

is the

same

as

the

degree, but

emmenagogue,

often.
it is the

Meiim

'

ticum,

call

some

peaches.

as

powers

doubt

Without

fi'uit,which

the

It is therefore

headache

Commentary.

CoMM.

its roots

second.

dry

the

Under

Scc

CoMMEXTARY.

CoMM.

AQf-iiviaKT},

Apricot

Prsecocia, is possessed of

'

leaves

triturated
when
kill worms
manifestly bitter, and therefore
the
forms
fruit of it,which
The
and
apphed to the navel.
edible peach, is humid, and cold in the second
degree.
See under
MjjXa.
Commentary.

CoMM.

'

the

LigusticwU

Meum

Athamanof

Hooker,

and

most
author
Our
Bald-money.
authorities
other
of the
closelyfrom Dioscorides, who
copy
describes
the roots of the meum
as
being fragrant,and heating
in water
or
the tongue.
given
These, he says, being boiled
striction
in powder without
boiling, prove
soothing in diseases of conlence
about
the kidneys and
bladder, relieve dysuria, flatuand
of the stomach, tormina, hystericalaff'ections,
pains

Angl., Spignel, Men,

of the

joints.

When

or

pulverizedand
pectoral defluxions

useful in
they are
hip-bath promote the flow
cataplasm to the region of

of the
the

administered
as

in

honey,

linctus,and
When

menses.

pubes

with

in

applied as

infants, they

are

a
a

said

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

him

by

taken

the

produce

to

immoderately, the
above
extract, by
to

appear^

then, that he

diseases

of the

None

sect.

Dioscorides.

as

works

occur

in the

the

Arabians,

They

do

of all

our

the

to

place with

of

days

Averrhoes

and

not

For

Simpl.

(CoUig. v, 42.)
In

the

on

Quincy

all its ancient

fully

so

Serapion (De

authorities

aud

it

that

of Celsus.

Dioscorides.

from

copy

herbalists

old

down
retains

but

i,477)

of

treat

in those

2, 454)
(ii,
ult.

It would

discovered, it does

have

'

In

Dioscorides

principlesof

authorities

we

Avicenna

nothing

the

Comm,
"

!Methodists.

the

when

(i,3.)

constriction"

Hippocrates,nor

(Collig.1.

Rhases

182) ;

as

But

headache,

with

Greek

far

of

see

of

imbued

other

As

of

dogma
was

urine.

occasions

meum

well-known

alludes

the

of

discharge
"

the

253

the

works

English Dispensatory,

Lewis, the

meum

characters.

MrXaS,
Milax

Smilax, Bindweed

or

species

which

twines

heating

powers.
The

the

aspera

bably

Smilax

commends

the former

and

the

latter

the

other

Greek

it with
;

the

trees^

smooth, and the rough

possessed of

are

specicshere

two

and

noticed

Convolvulus

acrid

and

most

are

pro-

Comm.
'

Dioscorides

sepiuni.

principallyas being alexipharmic,

and
(iv,142, 143.) Galen
being soporific,

as

authorities,like

author^ merely give their

our

Arabians

The

other

Avicenna

the

of these

general characters.
41)

round

CoMMEXTARY.

both

would

herbs.

climbing

See

confound

to

seem

Serapion (De Simpl.

(ii,2, 724.)
MitTU,

!Misy,is one

of the

strong astringency.
to

the

and

sori,in

change beginning
Commentary.
now

the

be

days

of

resembling
and

of

the
the

the

and

of its

of

less compact

chalcitis,owing
Galen

time, change

strange that

and

or

well

was

is still used

of it, "Misv,

marcasite

And

that

says
to

misy,

the

surface.

knoAvn, seeing it

savs

than

parts.

course

medicines, with

caustic

less pungent

appears

Boerhaave,

Boerhaave

East.

at

It

little

so

It is

tenuity

greater

chalcitis

cscharotic

mundick

It is

nature
.

our
a

known

as

should

mineral

verv

mines, but

vitriolic

Comm.
'

late

medicinally in

vellow
of

this mineral

as

the

much

liglitcr,

mineral, and

"

SIMPLES.

2o4

is reduced

CoMM.
'

calcination

by

to

[book

colcotliar."

M.

(M.
copper

184.) Dr.
employed in

INIisyis

tlie

'

of

Ainslie^ treating

medicine
oxide

an

used

of copper

and

stain

to

preparations

natives

tbe

by

the

of

their

India,

but

that

it is remarkable

missy

iron.^'
of it

of

He

Hindoo

Avhen

and

sory

be

to

sulphurets of

Persian

and

broken,
the

same

India

to

these

From

description

of

under
we

and

misy

its

Galen

author

our

specting
re-

other

of
supply nothing additional
tliis head.
Serapion describes the
mentioned
under
the
have
general

any

great

misy Zeg

and

fossils

The

Dioscorides

them

gives

cognate

than

more

(v, 116.)

Simpl. viii.)

vitreola,"calling the
the

and

sulphate of
descriptions

stars."

chalcitis.

as

little

says

like

glancing

powers

chalcitis,but

interest

copper,

for copper,

name

(De

powers.

authorities

Greek

from

that

102.)

Med.

its medicinal

and

is

Dioscorides, states

"

elaborate

an

Rossius

mis

Dr.

of

sory

ache,
tooth-

(]Mat.Ind. i, 513.)

frequentlyapplied in

name

it has

says

that

and

againstthe

some

see

gold

of India
^^

of

name

mineral
substance
it
in deciding what
difficulty
scription
deThe followingis Dioscorides^s
under
Chalcitis.
Of a golden appearance,
the misy :
hard, shining

find

we

like

(Antiq.of

; but

was

is

says,

black.

teeth

Royle, treatingof the misy

they had been supposed by
"

"

the natives

by

of

vii.

viride.
and

His

preparations

head

''de

colcothar,

entirely

is taken

confounds

Avicenna

(c. 386.)

stances
sub-

chalcitis

of them

account

Galen,

metallic

other

the

Zeg rubeum,

sory

three

under

the

of

name

lighton the subject,

See Rhases
(Cont 1. ult. 747.) Averrhoes, under
(ii,2, 47.)
of Galenas
the head of Alcey, i. e. Vitriolum, gives a translation
in
Misy occurs
descriptionalready noticed. (Collig. v, 43.)
"

the
it

works

as

He

sutorium."

Atramentum

both

caustic,

of

Hippocrates

throws

and

no

Celsus.

The

latter

uses

(v,8, 9.)

MoXwpoaa'o,
Plumbago,
the

'

similar

temperament

Commentary.

CoMM.
""~^'

middle

has

Several

powers
to

the

to

litharge,but

from

removed

colder.

varieties

of the

Molybdaena

are

de-

the
that
it would
by Dioscorides, from which
appear
metallic substance;
than
to more
ancients
one
applied the term
the varietyresembling litharge being most
probably graphite
or
plumbago ; and the one of a leaden colour, being the moscribed

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

255

Ij'bdateof lead, or "yellow lead-spar"of

Jameson.

It is named

Comm.
'

'

Galena

translators,but

his

by

lead, was

sulphuret

of

unable

determ'lne.

to

and

molybdsena

Dioscorides

Hippocrates.

Galen

its medicinal

of

treat

None

of the

Arabians

dsena

properly from

mider

it

and

to

have

we

the

are

works

of

incarnative

Greek

succinctlylike

powers

appear

other

the

the

being

as

sny,

it

in

occurs

recommends

epuloticin plasters.

is to

it,that

comprehended

also
The

whether

rities
authoauthor.

our

distinguishedthe

molyb-

litharge.

Mo'Xv/3goc,
Plumbum,
also

wine,

Lead,

considerably
the

rubbed

with

of

lead

unripe

it,it

substance
or

grapes,

will make

about
the

upon

possessed of refrigerantpowers,

humid

oil of

inflammations
worn

is

the

and

pudenda

ganglia

desiccative

without

discusses

We

the

18,

of

in the

"c.)

See

our

works

also

of

have
lead.

varieties

Galen's

(De Simpl. ix.)

applicationto
gives

very

styptic,and
treats

it in

The

as

and

Both

lead

very

He

excellent
and

nearly the

it

and

descriptionof
further

says

of

same

about

of the
the

terms

as

our

excellent

eye.

process

it,that

the

interesting.
an

application to fungated
ulcers

Serapion

Dioscorides

in rheums

the

refrigerant

but

sores.

v,

Isidorus

and

forms

are

(v,26,

descriptionsof

lengthy

that

malignant
much

Comm.

hended
comprekinds

of Celsus.

accurate

it is

says

latter is the

powerfully cooling or
of

as

into two

other

Dioscorides, Galen,

Oribasius

condylomata,
of

the

of lead.

ores

given

account

lead.
an

these

say, tin.

Hippocrates

circumstantial

washed

of this article

"

Of

is to

ii'ritablc and

washed
a

of

describing it

medicine.

being

it becomes

good application

particularly,Pliny (xxxiv,47)

(Orig. xvi, 21), who

in

piece

lead

If washed

lead

of
a

distinguishedlead

white.

native

ancient
agree

and

Burnt

treated

ancients

cassiteros,that

several
described

plate

dreams

makes

already

have

poison. (Book V, 62.) The

and
the
kinds, the black
as

ulcerous

ulcers.

Commentary.

same

cooling juices be

anus,

acrid.

If

bv the cold.

applicationfor

them.

and

pungency,

for ill-conditioned

the

libidinous

desiccative,ic also somewhat

more

of

any

excellent

an

loins restrains

put upon

consrealed

has

and

it is
sores,

of
a

commends
re-

He
paring
pre-

good

rhoids,
hemor-

anus.

Averrhoes

author.

(CoUig. v.

'

SIMPLES.

256

CoMM.
"

'
"

43.)

The

Galen,

as

lead

applicationto

an

(ii,2, 12.)

Avicenna

of

account

this

Ebn

Baithar

eyes.

from

article in extracts
See

(De Simpl. 419.)

(ii^128,

also

imitation

of

(1.c.)and
in praising
joins Dioscorides
Serapion gives a very fnll

latter
the

rii.

Averrhoes

See

cancer.

The

applicationto

an

as

general,prescribeit,in

in

Arabians,

[book

Dioscorides

1. ult.

(Contin.

E-hases

and

Galen.

i, 556)

pluries.)

et

^lopaia
Morns

nigra, the Midherry-tree ; the fruit,when

belly,and is useful in all complaints of the

the

moderate

require a

dried, becomes
of the

and

tender

shoots

'

broad

the

hold

Thcrc
the

or

Black

be

cau

which

unripe, when

bark

of the

degree

The

worm.

root

of bitterness
leaves

place between

by Pliny
bv

manner

as

tives
purga-

Dioscorides.

bowels,but

The

it is the

It is the

it is in

calls it laxative

latter

of

avKafxivoQ

poisons,as

to

Ficiis

apphed by others
mended
mulberry is com-

The

(iii,
18.)

antidote

an

that

sometimes

was

Celsus

See

sycamore.

doubt

no

Mulberry -tree.

Theophrastus, which, however,

the

intestinal

intermediate

an

The

certain

mouth

astringents.

Morns, L.,
to

with

purgative,

it kills

CoMMEXTAKY.

CoMM.
'

is also

tree

and

'

hence

degree of astringency.
The
very stypticmedicine.

ripe,loosens

of

like
the

readilyspoiled,and bad for the stomach.

He
also ascribes astringent powers
to its juice,which, he says,
when
mixed
with a little honey is useful in defluxious,spreading
and
inflamed
tonsils.
also
He
the
leaves
ulcers,
praises
when
He
pounded with oil, as a good cataplasm to biu'ns.
speaks of it also as being used for dyeing the hair, and the
decoction

of

Galen's
is

brieflyas

when

reverse

humours.

as

Galen.

of

as

He

stomach

the

Arabians,

See

article

of food

Serapion (De Simpl. 132.)

medicine

by

Dispensatoryuntil

all

our

and

(ii,2, 491)

Avicenna

old

after the

article of

an

taken

treating

of
;

of

The

any

clean

the

very

noxious

Dioscorides

(Cont.

mulberry
was

it

food, but

but

it,follow
Rhases

whom

upon

contains

herbalists,and
time

(i,180.)

authoi^'s,bv

when

is loaded
in

toothache,

our

fullyas

says,

excellent

an

as

same

ti'eats of it

medicine.

for

gargle

it is the

Aetius

The

leaves

it proves

stomach,

i, 201)

its

account

abridged.

and

article

an

1. ult.

is described

retained

Quiucy. (94, 198.)

in the

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

257

Muaypov,
; the

Myagrum
possessedof

It is

Crantz., of which
and

and

as

oil in

of

one

ulcers

it

that

The

Kingd. 353.)

of

Arabian

authorities,with

merely quotes

the

oilypart

the

the

we

to be

the Camelina

he

donht.

no

producing an

as

the

the

As

as

can

Camelina,
oil

authors

two

Galen.

far

there

mention

known

is still noted

fatty^and

generallyheld

think

we

Pliny

it is well

this

of it is

of it is

emplastic power.

an

Commentary.

corides

seed

See

"

"

'

"

its seed ;

of

above

Paradise,

recommend
borrows

treated

not

"

Dios-

Lindley (Veg.

author

discover,it is

can

Gold

or

mentioned
Our

Both

oil from

plants.

mouth.

sativa,Comm.

from

of

by

the

exception of Ebn Baithar,

descriptionof it given by Dioscorides

the
who
and

Galen.

Musculi, Muscles, have

bucciua.

the

same

when

power,

burnt,

as

the

But

they have the property, when

washed, of removing
Avhen apphed
asperityof the eyebrows and leucomata
with honey.
Their flesh is applied with
advantage to persons
bitten by dogs.
CoMMEXTARY.
Called
Mu'ec by Aristotle and Athenseus,Comm.
INIyacesby Pliny,
edules,L.,
which
muscles

as

the

bowels,

them

terms

ranks

(ii,29.)
fevers,

of the

them

with

"

the

are

Mytili

those

'

'

things

He

prescribesthe soup of
(iii,
6.) Dioscorides merely

externally as

applicationin diseases
mad

by Celsus,

Celsus

purgative in

recommends

of

Musculi

]\Iuscles.

or

open

and

e\e%,

stimulant

and

dogs, (ii,7.) The Arabians

along with the other Crustacea.

their

detergent

flesh for the

of them

treat

See

and

in

bites

general

Avicenna
particularly

(ii,
2, 529.)
Myaron
fattyherb.
the

(calledalso
The

asperitieson

oil extracted
the

Commentary.
described

Muopoi',
Melampycnon)

it is

it would

branchy
to

seem

and

smooth

body.

This

above.

from

is

See

Jani

it is

clearly the
Cornarii

same

as

dollabella

the

in P.

nvay^ov
JE. vii.

Comm.
^-^"

MvtXoc,
Medulla, Marrow
indurated
III.

and

possessedof

scirrhous bodies.

the

The

ing
property of soften-

best

is that
17

of

stags,

'

SIMPLES.

2b8

next

is

calves.

That

and emollient; but tliat from

fatt}'
Commentary.
According to

CoMM.
'

"

of bulls

That

desiccative.

and

acrid

more

of

it,tliat

to

[book

from

superfluityconcocted

'

He

of

that

the

that

states

from

Pliny, copying
of

characters

N.

in

concur

and

drier.

of

is

Animalium,
delivers

bones.

the

from

ii, 7.)

the

general

molliunt, explent, siccant,

Dioscorides, Galen,

xxviii,39.)
the

giving

more

Marroiv

blood

thus

Omnes

is

considerablydifferent

Dioscorides,

marrows

(H.

Aristotle^the

Partibus

(De
"

calefaciunt.^^

Serapion

bones.

other

the

buck-goats

spine is harder

the

is

spinalmarrow

of

tlie limbs

from

nutritive

the

and

vtt.

preference

of

marrow

preparing it to
that
He
smearing the body with stag's
95.)
keep, (ii,
says
drives away
reptiles.(Ibid.) The Arabians
venomous
marrow
recommend
marrows
as
a
a
remedy for
suppository from
See Avicenna
of the uterus.
scirrhus
2, 485), Rliases (Cont.
(ii,
Dioscorides

stags.

gives

directions

the

to

and

minute

for

1. lilt, i, 460.)

Fungi, Mushrooms,

of them

Some

decidedly cold

humid

and

fatal when

prove

have

which

those

of

are

eaten,

putrid qualitymixed

perament.
tem-

more

ticularly
partheir

with

nature.

We

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

alread}'treated

have

of

'
"

articles
be
In

(i,77), and

of food
excused

cannot

fact,we

as^we

can

them

the

Materia

as

fore,
shall,there-

and

of them
saying anything more
with what
see
proprietythe

place in
recollect,they never

assigned
far

poisons (v,54)

as

mushrooms

in this
ancient

place.
rities
autho-

Medica, since, as

prescribethem

medicinally.

Mvoffwrj/,
Alsine.

under

Is described

Mu^a,

ISIyxa,tlie Sebesten-plum
than

'
*

It

^thesten-phmi,
this

tree

be

or

also

fruit
the

disputed. See
(Veg. Kingd. 628.)

much

but

bullace-plum,

Commentary.

CoMM.
"

the

the

fruit

of similar

would

appear

of the

Cordia

of this

indisputably to

are

inclined

to

be

Whether

Myxa.

or

(i,187), has
1.

c.)and

doubt

their

Sprengel (in Dioscor.

We

is smaller

powers.

of Dioscorides

Persea

tree

the
not

been

Lindley

identity.

260

'
'

able

in

such

give by
as

means

any

Dioscorides.

him.

Galen, Aetius,

Celsus
and

ranks

Avicenna

It

soften,

(ii,2, 684)

the

the

in the

Arabians,

authorities

subject

evidentlyfollow
articles

his

among

tii.

service-

of this

Oribasius

of

works

which

crates.
Hippo-

Serapion (c.31);

see

the

Serapion, after quoting

(Collig.v, 42.)

other

account

occurs

be

to

(Cont. 1. ult. i,700)

Ehases

and

"tamarix^^

the

(ii,33.)
(See Dierbach.) For

repress

of

an
satisfactory

so

found

being

None

(i,116.)

cases,

[book

-witli them

spleen,drauglitstaken

CoMM.
"

SIMPLES.

Averrhoes

of Dioscorides

sections

tamarix, says of it,on the authority

of Mesarugie, that it dries up all ulcers, especiallythose from
Galen

and

burns.
of

He

and

chronic

medicinal

cured

was

Rhases

reader

will

Dispensatory by Quincy,
stated

above.

leprosy, by

it,that
it

says
it

find

with

the

cures

those

bite

of the

given

by

it.
in

viper.
the

compare
in

given
it

case

of

means

interesting to
as

the

is beneficial

its fruit

tamariscus

of the

characters

authority of Alchazi,

of

of

say

Avicenna

coughs.

curious

the

relates,on

who

Avicenna

The

also

woman

the

on

English
ancients,as

our

the

(134.)

IMwoto^vAAoi',
Millefolium, MiUefoil, is desiccative

such

to

degree

to

as

agglutinate wounds.
It appears

Commentary.

CoMM.

be

to

'

'
'

to

ulcers

recent

salts

and
Greek

in

herb.

Hippocrates
exception of

Myrrha,
cients, and

or

savs

of

falls,

We

the

it, that

to

have

not

in those

root

with

cataplasm
Galen

it

of the

in

the

of

water

the

mention

it

vinegar

with

and

other

it

as

works

of
the

Arabians, with

500.)
(ii,

to

the

second

order

distinguished for tenuity

The

species

it is drunk

found

sjy'icatuni,

descriptionof
some

author, merely

belongs

also

and

as

(iv,113.)

our

Baithar.

Myrrh,
is

it
of

Celsus, nor

Ebn

degree.

emmenagogue,

lungs.

cases

and

authorities,like

vulnerary

certain

least

evidently points

recommends

He

myriophyUum.

At

millefoil.

Angl., spiked water

given by Dioscorides

i\\e.Myriophyllum

of

promotes

it is

fragrant

and

expectorationfrom

of

of

calefa-

parts

sweet.

the

chest

to

It is
and

SIMPLES.

in.]

SECT,

agrees

well

with

says

of

very

Dioscorides
those

useful

it either
at

as

we,

bv

of

old

in

the

loss to

upon

could

'

plant.

'

it relieves

when

free

from

taken
the

authorities
We

have

in

supply
been

not

examination

of their

distinguishit
like

from

myrrh

manner,

able

We
far

as

discover,
illitei'ate

myrtle

to

hold

to

to

can

and

seem

ceased

long

that

thing
any-

those

works,

it

Was

disease,

Hippocrates or of Celsus.
its being also overlooked,

for

it has

Comm.
'

this

wine

say, that

Greek

of

account

it,and

with

persons

head.

works

English herbalists,in

little about

drunk

authorities.

not

description of

some

other

this

cursory

Arabian

scholars

the

under

some

the

that

it preserves

of interest

are

and

Spreiigelremarks,

as

by phalangia ; that it promotes

discharges; taken in draughts is

lochial

pestilentialseason
(iv,114.) None
find

bitten

phthisis;

in

Avhen

it,that

and

menstrual

the

Dioscorides's

been

have

who

Myrrhis odorata,

The

Commentary.

261

Our

have

known

place

in

our

DisjDensatory.
Myrtus,
the

But

the

cold

and

terrene

desiccative.
the

trunk

and

when

both

branches

of

myrtas

Dioscorides,
upon

it.

and

such
to

space

haemoptysis,
diuretic

phalangia

an

or

and

fruit
and
a

desiccative

of

alexipharmic

scorpions;
extrasavated

as

the

so

of

case

about

forth,
he

possesses,

as

soothing

blood

and

such,

all ;

bladder;

in

powers,

myrtis

mends
recom-

too

example,

stomachic

eyes

The

as

and

stung

applicationin

the

of'

occupy

persons

(i,155.)

says,

for

Comm.

excrescence

it would

that

cases

the

morbid

some

was

the

myrtidanum

the

as

and

than

The

communis.

same

them

enumerate

already mentioned

on

myrtle astringent, and

the

varietyof

achores, exantliemata,

excrescence

desiccative

more

is the

calls

erosion

strongly

Myrtus

probably

most

Dioscorides

it in
much

is the

author

our

are

callous

juice are possessed of similar

externallyand internally.

administered
It

is

it, is

leaves

and

Commentary.
or

of

dried

fruit

The

green.

myrtis,Avhich

The

The

astringent.

composed of opposite ingredients.

prevailsin it,and hence it is powerfully

is

Myrtle,

b}'^

mations
inflam-

furfures,

for

excrescence

stronger powers

than

the

hip-baths,
pessaries,
cataplasms requiring astringency. (i,15G.) Galen
gives
or

somewhat

leaves, and

is mixed

fuller,but

not

with

cerate,

materiallydifferent,

account

of the

CoMM.
'"^^

"

[book

SIMPLES.

262

it is

He
says
myrtle from our autlior.
and
both
externally.
iuternally

(ii,2, 446)
92)

Arabians

The

articles.

(Collig.
v, 42)

Averrhoes

He

burns.

it

says
All

cordial.

urine,

in

also

place ;

and

blood

of

of

ulcers

other

and

looseness

the

internal

to

it is

myrtle,

cures

used

of

one

it is

that

cough,

in

lungs,

and

strengthens

cordial,and

astringents

as

Quincy (94.)

See

period.

late

and

nose,

of

Myrtle-berrieswere

viscera.

down

in fluxes

juice
breast

of the
; that

bowels

of the

the

the

upon

Abenmesuai,

head.

the

of

Serapion's authorities,says
of pains
useful in the cure

the

of

it is useful

says

poured

when

being

in heat

Avicenna,
He

from

of

character

to

and

stomachic

proves

menses.

fractures

flow

the

stops

furfures

ununited

of

cases

apostemes, erysipelas,
of the hands, and in

it the

of the

flow

immoderate

and

(i,38.) Avicenna
an
astringent in

as

hot

useful, according

is

It

leaves

its

give

Arabians

the

alexipharmic.

prescribesit in ulcers
cures
ophthalmy, and

also

He

herpes, "c.

fully.
Serapion (De Simpl.

Baithar

armpits,in

of the

fetor

profuse sweats,

of

decoction

the

recommends

cooling
Aviceuua

See

very

Ebn

and

as

and

berries

the

astringent

i,475)

1. ult.

(Cont.

Ehases

of them

treat

abridges liim,

notices

myrtle frequently as

of

leaves

boiled

powerful astringent,

Aetius

Celsus

Dioscorides.

does

Oribasius

vii.

MwXv,

(some call it Ruta

and
the
SjTians, Basanan) ; it
Armalan,
is composed of
third order of calefacients,and

silvestris,others
belongs
subtile

particles.

It

Commentary.

CoMM.

Homer
It

probably the

is

same

of iris

the ointment

47.)
discharge, (iii,
Galen
the
of

same

and

Celsus,

Arabian

the

terms
nor

viscid

is

humours,

On

as

have

authorities.

we

1.

x,

to

the

the

mohj,

been

(Odyss.
moly

pessary

author.

our

plant by

this

recommends

Greek

other

called

now

302.)

/.lojXvlaof Hippocrates. (See

merely
as

garlic
of

incantation.

the

as

Dioscorides

Dierbach.)
with

against

of

is made

Mention

charm

as

species

the

was

Monch.

Moly,

Allium

and

thick

it cuts

Hence

incaruant.

and

discutient

"^^"^

the

to

Garlic

JVild

hirsutum,

Allium

Moly,

see

authorities
It does
able

to

promote

PHny

(H.

mention
not

find

occur

it in

pounded
menstrual

N.

xxv,

it in

8.)

nearly

in the

works

those

of the

SIMPLES.

in.]

SECT,

263

Na(TKa(f)6oi',
(Calledalso Narcaplithon)
used

All

need

we

of

Royle, Ainslie, and

the

this

substance

the

in

this

aromatic, which
has

Roxborough,

and

this section

to

that

opinion

is

Galen

Appendix

Nascaphthon

Indian

an

v.as

of

Dioseorides.

In

is

uterus.

account

notice

to

of the

say

this,that it

him.

occasion

shall have

we

from

also copy

aromatic, and

of the

alterations, from

few

taken, with

Serapion

author's

Our

CommentarV.

Indian

an

constriction

fumigations for

in

is

it

was

mace.

place amounts
the

to

industry,even

failed to

determine.

NaTTV,

Sinapi, Mustard,
degree.

is

We

Commentary.

medicinal
has

and
heating, attenuant,
chewed, produces a discharge
mixed
with
hydromel, it forms

tonsils,and
M'hen

benefits

Avith

atic

nostrils

in

in

persons

cerate,

vinegar it
lichen

that

of

clears

is rubbed

fevers; it is mixed

suitable
when

in

expressed and

gargle

fine

the

to

in

shaved

for

acts

when

juice

is

enlarged
trachea
as

nutatory
ster-

those

rouses

lethargic patients

scalp;

spleen,and
the

spots of

in

when

mixed

of
the

the

in the
vision

surface; it
and,

in
ear

sun.

both

alopecia
honey, suet,

extravasated

blood

with

with
a

leprosy,and
powder, when
of

epispastic
plastersand those
in powder with figs,it relieves

ears;

and

all

cures

with

its

juice with

roughness

juice of its seed, while

in the

cases

general for

drink, for periodicalattacks

advantage

noises

dried

variety of

the

on

in

places affected
in a
draught as

applied to

and

dimness

rubbed

with

when

deafness

its

of the
asperities

countenance,

in upon

sprinkled like polenta

it in

the

the

removes

when

suitable

it is useful

the

agrius; it is taken

for scabies

phlegm

it

says

and

powers,

powder it
epilepticfits,and
a

pains,by determining to

cataplasm

of

He

of its

applied until it reddens, it is fittingfor ischi-

disease, and

chronic

or

figs and

Dioseorides.

attractive

the Comm.

to

'

callous

fits ;
hj^sterical
applied as a cataplasm

when

in

and

in

are

up

the

applied to
;

who

chronic

for

fourth

modern, has treated

or

elaboratelyas

so

powers

the

in

pretty confidentlyrefer it

may

author, ancient

No

Sinapi nigrum.

desiccative

and

heating

(ii,183.)

externallyand

Celsus

of

the

honey

is

eyelids

still green,

is

recommends

internally
;

as

"^

264

SIMPLES.

[book

rubefacient, gargle, masticatory,"c.

CoMM.
"

the

By

way,

vii.

have

we

'

been

"

never

able
in

right

\ras

alba.

satisfyourselves that
the
settingdown
sinapi of

'We

(207.)
in

occurs

the

dismiss

author.

The
See

remark, however,

modern

followers

rides.

to

Greek

this

that

do

late Dr.

Celsus

it is this

little

very

Sinajns

species which

Galen

brief

than

more

MiUigan

the

as

Pharmacopceia,

article with

Arabians

the

and

his

notice, hke
from

copy

our

Diosco-

particularlyAvicenna

(ii,2, 674) ; Ehases

(Cont.
1. ult. 644) ; Averrhoes
(Collig.
v, 42) ; Serapion (c.373) ; Ebn
Baithar
much
used
(i,355.) Mustard
was
by the ancient physicians
in cataplasms as a rubefacient.
Ruffus, as quoted by Rhases
(Contin. xxxvii),recommends
Macer

directs,upon

be

to

He

part of
recommends

alopecia,i.

ointment

an

porrigo

e.

first degree, and

It is
is

'
*

he

the

the

of

figs and

in

the

second.

bitterish.

(Antiq.
Xardostachys Jatamansi,

defluxions.

Rovle

true

for

Dr.

33.)

informs

spikenard

of the

scent, but

also

epilepsy.(Veg. Kiugd. 698.)

The
(Mat. Ind. ii,1, 318.)
Syrian kind
some
speciesof valerian, probably the V.

Our
in

author,
the

The

holds

hepatic,and

present instance, borrows

draws

main

latter

all

the

carminative,

it,copying freelyfrom
Rhases

(Cont.
it

and

in the

1. ult.

his

information

spikenard
(i,6.)
Dioscorides.

i, 669)

stronglyin

liver

Indian

to

The

be

from
from

that

ancients, is

as

See
was

remedy
further,
tionably
unques-

Hardivickii.

Galen,

who

Dioscorides.

diuretic, stomachic,

Arabians
See

us

oiNardostachys
Lindley says the

in

only

the

what
some-

the

The

in

not

in

blacker.

Med.
or

with

valued

India,

for

mustard,

heating

It agrees

this article,Dr.

Hindoo

Jatamansi.

Ainslie

laxative.

It is also

obtained, in India, the hairy spike-likeroots

hysteria

externallyand internally.

internal

up

Syrian, and
For

of it is

root

administered

dries

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

when

diuretic,and
than

made

desiccative

both

stronger

as

decahans.

astringent,acrid, and
stomach

of mustard

the

Spica Nardi, Spikenard

and

seed

a
authority of Menemachus,
sinapism
mustard
by pounding in a mortar
seed, with a
the crumb
of bread, dried figs,
honey, and \dnegar.

formed

third

the

Avicenna

; Serapion (c. 52.)

affections of the liver,
and

treat

fidlyof

2, 640)
(ii,
Avicenna
in

commends
re-

jaundice;

to

action

is

Celtica, Celtic Nard,

but

above-mentioned,

the

Comm.
'

'
"

of

possessed
than

similar

with

weaker, except

for it is hotter

iirine ;

the

on

joins liim

NofSoc KfXrt/crj,

'

Nardus

Averrhoes

(Collig.v, 42.)

characters.

it these

ginng

265

deobstruent.

and

calls it stomachic

and
in

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

the

powers

regard

former

to

and

its
less

astringent.
It is the

CoMMEXTARY.

Celtica,or

Valeriana

French

Spike- Comm.
'

Dioscorides

nard.
with

regard

about
when

stomach

like manner,
is

with

Narclum

in

one

authorities

In

Phu

the

of

his

See

and

modern

who

spikenard long

Greek
with

and

jMontana,

the

than

Commentary.
Galen

and

author,

the

that

other

held

Lewis

Nard

place with
Galen

other

and
as

the
our

in

our
place
(Dispensatory,ii,
a

the

and

Nardus

(called also

Thylacitis

aforementioned.
to

seem

than

It is the

ooHiu

authorities

it is weaker

it is

Valeriana.

the

It would

that
finally,

Pharmacopoeia

Mountain

Pyrites),is weaker

and

in
neys,
kid-

general terms

same

of

wormwood;

(v, 23.)

it in the

in-

flatulence

(i,7.)

assigns it

Naoooc
Nardus

and

it is

and

liniments,

Quincy (161)

identified

are

wine

antidotes,

of

of

''

and,

cures

spleen,the bladder,

with

Celsus,

species of

Dispensatory.
the

the

of

treat

This

125.)

it relieves

and

decoction

it ;

it, that
and

Syrian,

jaundice

the

heating draughts

aromatics

author.

with

alexipharmic

Gallicum

other

liver,and

drunk

that

and
mixed

the

the

than

of

states

powers,

stomachic

and

flammations
the

its medicinal

to

diuretic

more

interestingdescriptionof

gives an

be

state

the

the

Valeriana

tuberosa.

brieflyof it, like

other

species already

Comm.
'

'
'

our

scribed.
de-

Nao0rjH,
Ferula, Fennel-ylant;
The

inner

agrees

part, while

with

more
are

recent,
inclined

and

All the
ai-e

to

agreed

think

seed

still green,

haemoptysis

Commentary.

the

is attcnuant
is

and

astringent ; and, therefore,

cicliac aflcctions.

authorities,including the
that

that

it

calefacient.

it is
was

the

speciesof
communis,

older and

Ferula
more

and

the

Comm.
'

we

especially

'
'

SIMPLES.

266

CoMM.

as
'

'
"

its medicinal

powers

[book
those

with

well

agree

vii.

assigned to

the

article in

question by Dioscorides.
(Compare the latter,Mat.
iii,81, with Gray^s Supplement to the Pharraacop. 80.)

Med.

Dioscorides
of

the

says,

blood

and

cseliac

bitten

affections,and

by vipers, and

introduced

when

as

when

induce

headache,

and

author

borrows

been

but

Arabians,
overlooked

Kana,

and

the

given
bleeding

seed

for word
it in

Ebn

in

nose

tormina,

We

Medica

it had

the

and

its stems

that

Our
have

of

been

fact, under

descriptionsof

the

the

Galen.

Materia

that

Baithar,

sons
per-

pickles.(Ibid.)

from

the

to

from

oil,but

for

spitting

wine

relieves

in with

scarcely believe

down

Dioscorides

word

them.

with

is

prepared

are

discover

to
can

by

sets

rubbed

almost

able

that

relieves

green,

restrains

tent

produces sweating

not

it,while

of

pith

wholly
head

the

Narthex

the

of

given by

Galen.

Napfoj QaXaaait],
Torpedo
of

cases

when

applied
it procures

headache,

peculiar property of
which
the
living animal

its

allays the

violent

most

prolapsus ani

head,

relief

has

been

pains

of the

when

while

the

to

producing

still

pain, probably by
and

torpor;

boiled,

joints.

the

It

"

Cramp-fish.

or

doubt

of

made
Natural

fish

this

Artedi

See

History.

in

the

See

in

(Idyll.)and

of Claudian

it is the

is said

Raia

when

that

applied
of

works

See

compares

Haly

See

some

Book

medy
re-

the

of

mention

ancient

is

writers

on

poeticaldescriptions
edly
repeatOppian (Halieut,ii.) Galen
of

the

singular power

animal

touches

which

effect

as

which
it.

medicine,

it
He

unless

count
(De Simpl. vii.) Serapion copies his actranslator
renders
it Piscis
stupefaciens.

alive.

its narcotic

given

to

in,

particular the

narcotic

any

His

it.

(c. 437.)
have

it has

in

Torpedo, L.,

Frequent

(Ichthy.)

speculates on the nature

of stupefying every
possesses
denies

oil

rubbed

when

'

"

alive,in

applied.

Without

Commentary.

CoMM.

the

to

Abbas

(Pract. ii,49, 533.)

powers
of

account

III,

to

its

magnetism.

Averrhocs

(Collig.v.)

applicationin

this

way

We
where.
else-

6.

Nop/ctcrtTog,
Narcissus, Daffodil;

its

root

is

possessed

of

desiccative

SIMPLES.

268

of

CoMM.
'

'
'

Parkinson

See

tragacantlia.

[book
of

(Theatre

(History of Plants, 1328.) It has

to hold
a
place in any Dispensatory
acquainted.
Gerard

vii.

and

Plants, 996)

ever,
long ceased, howwith

which

we

are

N?;ptov"/ PoooSa^i'jj,
Nerium,

Rosebay

possessed of

'

powers

It is the

Commentary.

CoMM.
"

discutient

treated

of it

poison in

as

destructive

if
reptiles,

little

Dioscorides.
several

in which

cases

they say

of

it,that

apostemes, and

they

are

good for
juice of

are

applied with

knees, and

was

that

and

and

but

that

the

they

drink

the

in

the

form

an

them

his
are

but

bites

animals,

decoction

of it

of

it,

article,

given by

of this medicine

use

applied by

not

the

weaker

account

the

in

leaves

from

it

to

Lindley

treatingof this

fuller

the

quadrupeds,

most

wine,

extend

its leaves

the
especially

more

it

have

place

its flower

author,

our

Arabians

The

"We

See

with

abridge

than

more

rue

it

assigns

drunk

sheep, when

(iv,82.) Galen,

does

and

with

like

L.

ascertained.

it that

when

men,

and

well

mules,

asses,

mixed

goats

as

die.

internallyit

place. (T. ii,24,2.) That

poisonous propertiesascribed

of

says

dogs,

to

preservativeof

such

taken

Oleander,

Dioscorides

INIedica,and

Materia

Nerium

very

600.)

Kingd.

(Veg.

of

when

another

the

plant actuallypossesses
is now
by the ancients

are

but

applied externally is

fatal.

proves

'

when

Oleander,

or

the

Greeks.

to

Thus,

applicationto hard
prurigo, scabies,and desquamations,

advantage
its flower

excellent

that

in the

in chronic

forms

form

pains

of

plaster

of the

sternutatory.

back

Rhases

have
(ii,^, 522.) We
(Cont. 1. ult. iii,31) and Avicenua
respecting it as a poison in
given the opinions of the Arabians
above.
There
is no
mention
of the
to
the
place referred

oleander, as
of

either
from

the

far

been

able

Celsus.

or

Arabians.

It is treated
has

long

to

The

Hippocrates

toxicology, but

on

have

we

as

of

been

discover,in
oleander

term

by

our

unknown

recent
to

the

works

is derived
authorities
our

macopoeia.
Phar-

Nu/U(^aca,
Nymphsea,

the

Water-lily, is possessed

without

pungency.

seed

desiccative.

is

of desiccative

powers

It, therefore, constipatesthe belly and

But

that

specieswhich

has

the

its

white

III.]

root

is

SIMPLES.

SECT.

stronger^

it

wine,

is

root

But

detergent,

so

rubbed

alopecia,when

and

water,

somewhat

also

flux.

female

the

cures

is

It

Commentary.

drunk

when

that

so

2G9
with

dark

and

that

which

has

to

as

in with

hlack

with

alphos

cure

liquidpitch.

manifest

quite

austere

that

the

here

plant

Comm.
'

"

Water-lily,
The
a

black,

freeW

borrows

Avicenna

The

Arabians

and

also

recommend

say

of the

plant

but

is

to

article

1. ult.

the

of the

mandragora.
hold

long

ceased

used

medicinally by

to

the

same

cases

his

the

the

Simpl.

vertigo,

nymphsea

Water-lilies

Dispensatory, they

our

oriental

42.)

Greeks,

acute

of the

two

nations.

See

c.

pleurisy,and

cures

nature

the

turn,

Arabians,

the

as

and

coughs

Though

place in

abridges

in

For

'

other

(Collig. v,

sleep and

compare

the

author

who,

the

luteum.

Serapion (De

for

syrup

it induces

that

Our

Averrhoes

and

root

Galen,

it in the

administered

Nuphar

(iii,
138-9.)

508)

debilitating. They

that

from

of

species

and

white

i, 493)

(ii,3,

144)

alba

varieties.

mere

Dioscorides.

from

(Cont.

E-hases

having

one

this

of

well-known

two

Nymphcea

doubt

no

are

account

see

named

now

species,the

two

his

the

comprehends

described

have
still

are

Lindley (Veg.

"^

Kingd. 411.)
'B.avBiov i] (^aayaviov,

takes

his

not
we

dye

brief

occur

and

attractive
so

that

Commentary.

natural
of

of

it from

of

those

of the

and

it is

of

diuretic,and
It is the

Iris

Gray (Suppl. to

the

powers.
Xanthium

struma-

its

author

Celsus,

gives

being

swellings, (iv,136.)
or

Comm.
'

Our

Dioscorides

mentions

Hippocrates

dicinallyin (h'opsyand scrofula.

and

Galen.

merely
for

the

of Ambrosiea.

nor,

It
as

"

used
does

far

as

Arabians.

Corn-flay,is possessed
powers,

be

to

order

it,but

works

of discutient

seem

cataplasm

discover,in

can

seed,

the
notice

in the

Xyris, Wild
and

of

description

minute
for

plant

fruit

It would

Commentary.

rium,

has

Clutburr,

Xanthium,

of

attenuating,discutient,

truly desiccative, especiallythe

cures

scirrhus

fa'tidissimu.
Sec

Pharmacop.

of the

spleen.

It is still used

me-

Lindley (Veg. Kingd. 161)

25.)

Dioscorides

recom-

Comm.
'

'
*

270

SIMPLES.

mends

CoMM.
'

'
"

it

as

and

further

and

diarrhoea.

Its

enlarged
it in the

same

we

Materia

not

'
"

of

it

it

wine

with

cataplasm

for

thorns,

in

be

aphrodisiac,and

of children,
medicinal
under

the

general
head

general

by
as

Baithar.

the

Gladiolus

patience
of

the

in the

out

other

any

barbarous

on

translations

it

intestinal

Arabians

notices

the

Materia

of their

sets

had

See

it down

time
the

^ledica.
is

it

brieflynoticed

it in

works

of

entirelyof

up

not

of

its

states

Iris.

translator
have

to

hernia

treat

with

It is also

and

reported

was

it is made

German

He

excellent

an

author, merely

Galen.

We

description

phygethlon,

in the

The

of

His

authorities

Arabian

attractive,

extracting stings

Lilimn, along

Byzantinus.

hunt

to

of

forming

says

our

terras.

and

423.)
(i,

Ebn

the

on

communis.

called

and

like

account

Dioscorides

from

extracts

but

Baithar.

minute

for

tumour

of

His

Serapiou (c. 189.)

authorities

Gladiolus

draught

Galen,

in

virtues

such

the

pessaries;

(iv,20.)

Arabians,

possessed

frankincense

suitable

to

reason

list of Ebn

authority as

own

and

emmenagogue

an

is

gives

discussing the

as

their

notices

powers.

it with

his

on

reduces

have

the

by

copious

its root

clearlyidentifies

as

recommends

and

Iris

boils

Galen

We

overlooked

Dioscorides

Commentary.

author.

our

in the

even

diuretic, and

vinegar, (iv,22.)

writing this,in

desiccative

discutient, and
CoMM.

as

wholly

Bulbous

Xiphium,

'

terms

it,while

Medica,

in

vii.

bruises,ruptures, sciatica,

is very

says,

drunk

it is not

find

he

seed,

brief

that

cannot

applicationto swellings and

prescribesit internallyin

spleen when

believe

and

vulnerary^

[book

and

writings
Its

name

Kasijion,

"Or,,
the

Sorbus,
called
powers,

'
"

by

but

others

less than

the

recommend

Dioscorides

prescribesit

decoction,

(i,173.)

pretty closelyfrom

fruit
it is

of

which

is

by

some

possessed of astringent

medlar.
Sorbus

the

authorities

in

(the

Sorba) ;

ova,

It is the

Commentary.

CoMM.
"

oa,

Tree

Service

Galen.

with
Our

fruit
this

domestica.
as

an

Avicenna

the

excellent

intention

author^s

All

treats

astringent.

both

in fruit

of

account

of

ancient

it

and

it is taken

confusedly

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

under

the

of the

treats

the

head

article

of

Cornu
but

Sorba,

we

Sorbas.

vel
does

not

treating of.

are

271

(ii,2, 315.) Serapion

to apply the
to
name
Simpl. (c. 109.)

seem

See

De

Comm.
'

'"

OBovva,
Otlionna

say that

; some

Araljia^where

Egyptian

it borders
It

stone.

everything that

this

the

herb

others

in

growing
that

it is

an

pungent^ clearing away

pupil.

Tagetes

at

have

to

same

African

Erecta,

from

this

nothing

Dioscorides.

all in

been

be

to

name,

borrows

article

appear

the

likelyenough

of

author

of

and

Egypt,

detergent and

The

seems

stone

Our

is

juice of

French

or

Comm.
'

Marigold,
the

with

obscures

Commentary.

it is the

his work

ignorant

herb.

is known

for

Galen

does

'

certain.
not

The

Simples.

on

'

Regarding
treat

Arabians

of it.

OivavBy],
ffinanthe,
the

flower

it acts

as

the Wild

of the

wild

and

The

the

flavour

wine.

hence

beUy
dry,

Vitis

stomach

to

powers

expels

Its

shown

the

quite opposite
secundines,

that
that
corides
Dios-

this;

to

and

cures

and

cataplasm
an

it acts

ample

Comm.

for

giving

account

of its

is

of

that

says,

when
beneficially

restrains

inflammation,

when

incipientfistula lachrymalis,and
in the
ulcers
mouth, and spreading ulcers in the pudenda,
when
rubbed
in with
honey, saffron,rose-oil,and myrrh : it
is made
an
ingredient of pessaries for restrainingbleeding,
and
is

for defluxious

applied

when

burnt

as

upon

application,and

of the

cataplasm
heated
cures

to

eyes

and

burning

of

with

the

flour

wheat

coals

in

of

the

shell it forms

whitlow, pterygia,

loose

an

stomach
and

wine

it
:

ophthalmic
and

'
'

applied
appetite and acidity of the
with
vinegar and rose-oil

embrocation

wounds

recent

he

an

wild

'

It is still used

gives

loss

cataplasm

flower of

astringent, and
diuretic,restraining fluxes of the

for

it forms

evidentlythe

power,

blood

is

Dioscorides

spitting of

in headache

applied

it

former

it is stomachic

as

having

Vitifera,L.

virtues.

and

ample experience has

jaundice.

species of
medicinal

is

says, that

Commentary.

to

vine

another

he

hence,

strangury

considerablyastringent,and
tonic, particularlyin affections of the belly.

describes
and

Vine

bloody

SIMPLES.

272

CoMM.
'

vii.

of it is copied litehoney, (v,5.) This account

rally by Serapion, (De Simpl, c. 35.) See also Avicenna
This
(ii/2,
Rhases
would
(Cont. 1. ult. i, 745.)
723) and
with

gums,

'

[book

certainlyappear
it

to

place among
With
regard

have

been

(Enanthe
have

crocata, but

may

given by
Materia
not

AVe

it has

although

the

to

Pliarm.

79.)

Ternan,

and

ception
ex-

in

the

Dioscorides,

CE.

on

that

we

noticed

it.

Pimpinelloides,
known
un-

the

spot in Banchory

it is not

wholly

innocuous

them.

by

eaten

articles

authority has
the

the

Dispensatory, is still not

drugs. See Gray (Suppl to

ascertained

when

the

We

powers

fact,with

from

abundance

in

grows

have

cattle

to

even

its medicinal

the

our

of

collectors

we

ancient

in

place

It

of

conclusion, that

in

no

Pimpinelloides.
In

our

be

O.

descriptionof

other

any

mention,

may

the

as

conjectures

it cannot

that

account

whose

gives

which,

name,

professedly taken

is
that

aware

same

Dioscorides.

from

Oribasius,

Medica

be

the

to

author

our

of

add

the

is certain

It

to

Celsus, who

by Dioscorides, various

advanced.

nothing

of

(iii,
21.)

of

remarks, is described

author

are

herb

the

to

CEnanthe

the

diuretics,

the

be

to

us

01.1'oc,

Wine, belongs

Vinum,

medicines.

desiccative

belongs
'
"

in

Book

We
For

I.

properties,the
xxxiii,19
of
we

for

he

which

is

their

suited

them

which
for

in order
are

Since

heat.

describe
those

such

give

is of

to
as

as

are

the
be
are

at

wine

treated

considerably old

to

the

first.

fully of

the

ancient

enumeration

and

of

their

Wines

medicinal

the

we

formation
converted

out

this head,
long commentary under
succinct
exposition of it from Aetius.
second

class of

of the

find

we

in like

as

dryness

red

in

Of

can.

time

and

and

blood.
thick

Next
at

the

is

thick
but

that
the

analogous

to

shall

we

wines, then,
are

the

little

in order
same

but

manner

wine,

all

blood, requiring

into

dark, sweet,

calefacients

varieties

many

same

of

tliird
Their

first.

briefly as
the

N.

moderately old, is
sweet

sweet

is

heating

is

says, is of the

and

new

which

of

particularlyreferred to Pliny (H.

to Dioscorides
(v, 1-16.) It being

reader

to

order

that

ample

an

merely give

shall

Wine,

us

the

have

seq.),and

et

place

But

third, and

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

the

to

second

the

to

most

change

to

these

time;

then

SIMPLES.

111.]

SECT.

those

which

and

have

these

But

of all others

in

colour

to

water.

But

least nutritious

the
thin

and
the

sweet

in
are

the

system

and

they

But

very

more
as

to

than

other; and
of

not

thick

spleen, or
dropsy or

calculus

to

which

food

more

best, and

those

is red

much,

in

who

are

body

bowels

and
in

humour
the

of

so

liver,
with

especiallyold

and

best

the

to

affected

become

those

them

use

wines, the

good health, and

is that

is strong

stomach

obstructions

have

more

digested and

slowly

more

far

so

bowels.

of the

that

hence

who

of all

But

men.

and

kidneys,

which

those

are

laxative

more
are

them

nutritive

to

they bind the

nature, engendering a thick

from

some

than

austere, being of

the

than

are

it is clear

diuretic

And

some.

in

are

Less

consistency,being in
sooner
digested and

the
slowly distributed ; but when
digestthem properh',they furnish
any

are

which

time.

same

austere, in regard

readilydiffused over
more
heating nature,
those

the

quality at

white, thick, and

white

black, in consistencythick, Comm.

and

the

are

hke

red

are

acid

some

powers.
are

colour

in

273

fitted for

persons

from

convalescent

eases,
dis-

colour, thin in consistence,and

gently astringent,(i.)
OiavTTog,

CEsypum,

Unscoured

Commentary.

The

wool.

It

used

Wool, is treated

CEsypum was
medicinally in

the

of under

wool.

sordes

collected

from

Comm.
'

the

Hippocratic age (De

Morb.
Mulier.
jNIateria
to hold
ii),and continued
a place in the
Medica
down
Med.
to a
late date.
See Rutty's Mat.
(357.)
It would
from
of
the
of
Dioscorides's
mode
description
appear,
the surface of
collected
on
preparing it,that it Avas the scum
water
66.) See also Phny (H. N.
by boilingwool in it. (ii,
ancients
used
it frequentlyin the practiceof
xxix, 2.) The
was

medicine.

Sec

in

particular Dioscorides

'

Avicenna

(1.c.) and

2, 355.)
(ii,

OXvvOoi,
Grossi
discuticnt

Ficulnei, Green

Fir/a,are possessed
the juice which
is in

owing to
boiled,therefore,they discuss
thev

powers,

remove

CoMMEiNTARv.
III.

mvrmecia

Thcy

and
ai'c

hard

acrid

of

When

them.

swellings ; but

and

when

raw

thvmi.
the

unripe

fruit

of

the
18

fig tree.

Comm.
'"^

274

C'oMM.

SIMPLES.

Dioscorides
them

and

as

them

recommends

for

the

is
in

them

of mad

various

to

epinyctis,and

dogs, (i,185.) They

of the

Arabians, who

figs.

See

of

treat

Avicenna

them

salts and

as

Grossi

the

gar
vine-

application

an

the

are

under

Our

Dioscorides, who

with

cataplasm

vii.

recommend

tumours.

from

abridged
a

achores, furfures, and

the bites

authorities

ancient

appHcation

of

account

further

to

stimulant

author^'s

of

most

[book

Ficulnei

general head

of

2, 276.)
(ii,
OAocrrioi',

is

Holostium,
Hence

gency.

'

they

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

possessed

of

the

It has

all upon
who
of

have

about

been

which

being
found

we

borrows

by

it in any

the

as

Our

from

described

with

powers

articles in the
there

down

set

conjecture.

mere

in his turn
its

few

are

is

(Theatre of Plants), and

Parkinson

11.)

desiccative

astrin-

it for fractures.

use

There

ancients

of

much

so

Holosteum

modern

in Dioscor.

copies from

Dioscorides.

any

See

(iv,

umbellatum, but

here

We

Galen,

not

are

Arabian

the

Medica

doubt.

Sprengel

author

of

Materia

aware

authorities^nor

Dispensatory.

0(U(j^o/ciov,
is

Omphacium

the

it

of

Unripe Grape, being

the

desiccative

and

astringent
Hence

Juice

defluxions, and

applies to

the

in

third

siderably
con-

degree.

especiallythose

of

the

stomach.
The

CoMMENTARv.

CoMM.

juicB of unripe

is called

grapes

Agresto

'
*

in

Itah^,

recommends

Dioscorides
"Prodest

it is still used

where

it in

such

sanguinem
dysentericisj

xxiii,4.) This

is

it in

recommends

literal

these

in

affections

from

and

also

astringentsare indicated,such
old ulcers, spreading sores,
and
fistulse,
the

ulceration

of the

in

variety of

omphacium

(v, 5), as

one

that

corrodes

throat.
of

says

it,

Dioscorides, who
for

cases,

as

as

(v, 6), and

other

as

various

aphthae,loose

as

an

eyelids,(v,6.)

of the
outwardly, (v,12.) None
the Arabians
supply any additional

Dioscorides.

the

excreantibus, anginis." (H. N.

in which

asperityand

Pliny

cases,

translation

cases,

of

others
gums,

applicationto

Celsus

prescribes

cleansing medicine,
one

Greek

information

that

determines

authorities
of interest

nor

after

notice

CoMM.

[book

SIMPLES.

276

itjdo

in

so

the

nearly

language

same

as

vii.

author.

our

'

'

We

'

have

"works

been

not

of the

able

and

'
'

Dioscorides

lentil,or

flower, and
brychis sativa,
be

and

appears

Dioscorides.
their

from
a

to

characters

it

it the

would

of

roll themselves

with

wine

and

they

shell of

into

to

occupy
is still

cockshead,

its ancient

retains

Ol'OI,

rubbed

those

found

ball when

in

and

under

touched,

water-vessels,

and

jaundice,

possessed

are

Therefore,

powers.

dysuria

cure

The

in

with

Millepedes

of

cases

earache
in

described

thus

are

drunk

when

honey : and for

with
rose
oil,and being warmed
pomegranate ai'e injectedinto the ear.

Commentary.

CoMM.

ceased

(Complete Herbal, 52.)

desiccative

cynanche they are

triturated
they are

from

rejectedit

have

to

long
and

borrow

ripening,discussive,useful in strangury."
96.) Our old herbalist,Culpeper, ascribes

virtues.

discutient

(iii,

"

or Slaters;
Aselli,]Millepedes,

of

holds

tumours,

both

sainfoin,or

medicines,

'

which

appear
it has

Although

vendors

being

same

of

discussive

author; indeed,

our

Arabians

Gray (Pharmacop.
to

as

Dispensatoiy,the

the

Ono-

the

Dioscorides

FabacecB.

ple
pur-

uncultivated

clearlyto point to

tribe

been

have

Med.

Mat.

of

of the

long,

and

wet

leaves

having

as

generally used as a diuretic.

(Euporist. ii, iii.) Galen
gives exactly the

The

place in the

known

strangury,

cures

fathom

in

grows

sudorific,and

to

of

account

it

stalk

longer,a

root, and

plant

Pseudo-Dioscor.
same

phymata^

describes

descriptionseems

diuretic
It

160.)

little

small

This

grounds.
it to

discusses

dis-

and

aromatic

of

possessed

sudorific,

proves

like the

is

It therefore

powers.

Commentary.

CoMM.
"

the

of it in

traces

any

Arabians.

Onobrychis^ Cockshead,
cutient

discover

to

the

by

"
'

]Marcellus

Empiricus

lapidibusinveniuntui'

"

Porceliones

animalia

Grsecis

qure

locis

bestiolse

liuntiu' et rotundantur."
the

In

"

appellataonisci."

et

multipedes quae

sordidis

contactcC

sub

contra-

(De ]\Iedicamentis,c. xxxv.) They

of Caslius
humectis

humidis

Aui'eliauus

(i,4),

who

calls

are

them

aquosis locis ssepe nascuntur, a

all the ancient
(Tard. Pass.) Almost
et

"

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

authorities

Materia

the

on

wards, recommend
In

all the

fact,almost,
from

millepedes

they

called

are

ascribed

Chai'ras,who

them

to

makes

Hill

Mead

recommends

directs
the

calls them

liquor,and

as

diuretics.

Avould

it with

In

cloth, and

suspend them within

spiritof wine, by which

hot

friable.

Lister

the

Onyches, are
fumigation, rouse

those

epileptics. But

when

Commentary.

in India

aromatic

smell

from

that
the

but

both

form-

in

says

Onyx,

shell-fishes

taken

He

also

in

from

concludes

and

itself,when

with
rouse

soften

burnt, has

the

steam

and

dered
ren-

and

belly.
that

that

feeding

the

when
epileptical,

internally,
they

the

it is the

Pui-pura, being found

lakes

the

canvass

suffocation

uterine

produce nard

properties,that both
and

shell-fish

thin

pensatory,
Dis-

These, in

are

lied

it

dried

nard

'"

it

l)y the

up
is

Sea

CoM\f.

acquires an

the

on

fatty; the Babylonian is black

fragrant fumigation,resembling

smell.

medicinal

that

and

London
a

et

in France

over

of the

gathered, he adds, when

drought ; the kind brouglit
whitish

vessel

the

is

being

in

off

(Momtu

the

of

them

of the

Dr.

strain

to

sugar.

disorder

like that
shell-fish,

in the lakes

Moses

property. He

shell-fishes.

with

1811.

detergent.

they

Dioscorides

of

operculum

affected

the

medicinal

they will be killed

lithontriptic.

of Indian

drunk

the

still used

covered

calls them

covers

or

inclose
a

it in

afterwards

are

ticularly
par-

English

highly diaphoretic.

and

edition

to

In

of

their diuretic

they

Pemberton's

Dr.

1746, it is directed
of

is

honey

that

They

place in

ditterent,

aiul

smaller,

castor

what
some-

stating,regarding their
in hysterical
vulsions,
conpersons
in
fumigations ;
applied
the
same

'
*

the

them, says, that

of

w'hich

does.
of

authorities.

mention

"wine,and

appear

Comm.

particular

in

held

ancient

stronglyfor

sweeten

proecejjta.) It

the

them

into

See

testifyto

aperient,attenuant,
them

characters

edition

the

authorities

from

put them

to

us

the

They

after

frequent

volatile salt is obtained

Dr.

them

by

down-

author

our

2, 718.)
(ii,
in jaundice.

Cheslops.

or

fact, the highest modern

virtues

Avicenna

of

use

take

as

(ii,37.)

Dispensatory until

Edinburgh
In

the
Slaters

cases

authorities

Serapion (De Simpl. 4, 29),

Dioscoridcs

same

Dioscorides.

commend

from

Medica

in the

them

277

belly;

and

powers

as

that

the

the

pur-

'

"

'

SIMPLES.

278

CoMM.

and

pura

of

account

but

this

except
that

to it

article

that

shell to the
to

(ii,10.)

raurex.

it feeds

nard

Dioscorides.

by

exactly the

are

translation

of

Simpl. 443.)

on,

The

of

gives
of

name

attribute

his

Blacte

the

Byzantie
dissimilar

which

he

assigns

(ii,2, 78.) Serapion gives a

of

Dioscorides

Rhases's

the

on

authoiities

literal

(De

onyx.

of

says

of the

fragrancy

^drtues

vii.

accurate

very

descriptionis nowise

medicinal

chapter

One

the

not

same,

the

Avicenna

under

does

he

[book

the

Blactice

that

Byzanti(E,

of
hot
and
a
they are
dry temperament,
of
and
being possessed
astringency
subtiltyof parts, and that
and cordial.
(Cent.
they are stomachic, hepatic,emmenagogue,
1. ult.

i, 127.)

readilybe

From
that

seen

above

the

it is the

has

Ononis, Restharrow,
third

the
and

degree, but

hence

it is

Commentary.

CoMM.

the

article,it

Strombus

of the

cover

'

of this

account

will

lentiginosus:

Oi'hJi'ig,
which

root

of it is

bark

is desiccative

in about
incisive

detergent and

lithontriptic.
See ''Ai'wi'tc"O^og,

Vineyar, is possessedof

Acetum,
and

both

hot,

the

prevailsover
on
we

Nicander
are

inclined

to

the

ancient

think

regarding

the

the

fact that

of

it at

doubt,

earth, meaning,

no

Celsus

it in the

the

commend

sting

of the

Galen's

account

abstract

of

and

AAdcenna

the

rank.

it.

ancient
recommend

that

"

vitium

is at

discusses

the

and

it is

carbonates.

and

Symeon
opinions on
an

the
Seth

as

other

the

All
same

question

^vith much

when

terms

has

vini."

vinegar

produced

certain

as

which

grape

Celsus

strongest

it

it

of

diminutive

He, Pliny, and

Serapion

asp.
of

calls

the

great length
is

effervescence

an

cold

the

third

it is the

Galen

Simpl. i.)

Med.

(De

but

of the

juice of

Pliny

discutient.

nature

that

maintained

authorities

refrigerantand

time

the

Hence

strength.

parts

called

yXhVKOQ,must, vinegar being

lost its

of

cold

the SchoHast
as
-yXuAcaSior,
But
eupheraismum, from yXvKvg,sweet.

says, per

rather

namely,

powers,

desiccant

It is also

"
*

tenuity

It is

hot.

Commentary.

CoMM.

from

arising

mixed

an

genuity.
in-

mention

poured on
and
PHny

antidote

Arabians

to

copy

interesting
gives an
this subject. Dioscorides
applicationto ecchymosis

of

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

the

the

it renders

weakens

the

1. ult.

i, 18.)

These

(Cont.

vinegar

hot

of

commend

and

(v, .21.)

agree

in

in

also

olive oil

or

Greek

and

it in

recommending

that

the

for

of the

'

'

ter
clys-

spreading
rities
autho-

embrocation

head

the

'

poisoning with
an

Arabian

Comm.

thorities
au-

Arabian

of

vinegar

also for defluxions

The

in

and

cases

oil to

rose

but

recommend

recommends

and

orthopnoea,

seys.

antidote

They

Dioscorides

it.

Greek

Arabian

two

soothing

the

Both
an

as

cicuta.

vinegar and

with
of

it

and

opium

salt proves

intestines.

of the

ulcers

and

continued

long

sight, (ii,2, 71.)

it,that it congeals the womb

of

say

if too

remarkSj

part yellow and

also Rhases

See

latter

the

but

face ;

279

iu

affections

chronic
throat

conglis

and

quin-

autliorities

further

whitlow.

erysipelas,
herpes, and

O^VUKClvBoQ,
Thorn

Oxyacantha, Evergreen
in

pear

and

appearance

referring

Thorn.

The

i. e. the
after

to

is

gently

stroked

it,that

that

of mvrtles

all fluxes.

its root
:

and

or

whether

us

to

that

suppose

Arabians, this does

Avicenna

regard

appear

to

to

applied in

that

its root

is
the

Galen

incisive,resembling
drunk

or

must

it restrains
names

be

the

Spina

acuta

be

at

all the

case.

of

the

(ii,
2, 11.)

Opium, is treated
CoMMKNTARY.

of under

Ottiov,
poppy.

Although

effects of

opium

and

given

the

this

not

'

of

eaten

'

Dioscorides,

occasioning abortions, when

rubbed
with it. (i,122.)
and

Comm.

Berberis,

(De Sim pi. viii.) Although the similarityof

lead

have

prickles,and

is attenuant

that

the

it,says, with

pulverised and

and
of

power

of

See

thorns

the

says

Avhen

it to be

agree

Evergreen

or

to this section.

description of
that

powers,

possess

abdomen

the

make

wild

tenuity of

Sprengel

PyracantJia,

Mesne

on

botanical

it extracts

cataplasm

of

Mespilus

Berberry. See the Appendix

giving

might

the

to

commentators

its medicinal

said

it

the

some

Matthiolus, Dodonseus, and

Commentary.
in

is like

tree

having also
myrtles.

powers,

fruit of it resembles

The

parts.

the

poppy

on
a

the

animal

we

treated
economy

in the

the

proper

place, we

Fifth

Book,

medicinal

ties
proper-

shall avail

ourselves

general description of the

in

deleterious

Comm.
*

SIMPLES.

280

of

CoMM.
"

'
*

tlie

[book

present opportunity to supply

tion

ancient

regarding the
medicine.
Though

of

use

mention

is

important

some

in

opium

made

of

the

the

"

VII.

informa-

practiceof
of

juice

the

meconium"
as
poppy," and of
soporificsin the works
the Hippocratists(De Mulieribus, ii),
it does
not
appear
"

these

articles

of the
and

by

poppy"

the
him

him

much

were

is noticed

P.

later

The

age.

juice

likewise

but

ix,8, 2) ;

the

nature

of its medicinal

anything

to say

until

use

that

by Theophrastus (Fr. 20, 35),

to
gathering this juice is brieflyalluded

of

process

(H.

in

"

of

that

the

of his work

did

There

be

uses.

can

lead

not
no

tion,
ques-

of Celsus

"

was
j)apaverislacryma"
He prescribes
it on
opium, i.e. the concrete juice of the poppy.
For example,as an
occasions,both externallyand internally.
many
dients
ingredient along with hyoscyamus, burnt lead, and other ingrefor an
emollient
plaster to be applied in arthritic pains
as
an
(v, 18, 29, 35), and
injection with alum, acacia, and
heubane
in earache
(vi,7) ; as an ingredient in various coUyria
we

for

presume,

complaints of

about

the

the

(vi,18), and

anus

INIethodist,Cselius
opiates, and
held

that

he

approve

poppy

does

not

induce

autem

injectionin complaints

an

other

is very

to

appears

as

in many

Aurelianus,

"papavera

senses;

(vi,6) ;

eyes

The

cases.

famous

guarded in his use

the opinion of those

of

sleep,but
nou

pressuram

of
who

oppressionof

the

faciunt."

somnum

(i,5.) Dioscorides, then, is the

(i,1.) See also Pass. Tard.
of opium and
first authority that gives a detailed
account
its
he says,
in medicine.
uses
Treating of the cultivated
poppy,
that its juice is very
congeahng, incrassative,and desiccative,
when
in
small
taken
quantity, to the size of a vetch, is

anodyne, soporific,concoctive,
cseliac

affections.

Taken

in

rubbed

of
for

the

with

almond

eyes

with

in

milk

and

rose

oil

;
;

and
oil,safl'ron,
the

roasted
wounds

erysipelasand

woman^s

with

death

saffron

yelk
Avith

and

coughs

and

in

jurious,
in-

in headache
when

earache
in

and

proves

it is beneficial

myrrh;

of

in

quantity, it

greater

inducing lethargy and

when

is useful

and

jected
in-

inflammations

egg

and

safl'ron ; and

vinegar ;

for

gout

when

an

applied as

with

suppository

is
sleep. The best kind is that which
dense, has a heavy stupefying smell, is bitter to the taste,
readilyincorporatingwith water, smooth, white, not rough, nor

per

anum

grumous,

it induces

nor

moulding

like

wax

in the

process

of

straining;

SIMPLES.

HI.]

SECT.

laid

when

in

softening, and

sun

with

burning

not

the

adds, it

and

ears

Andreas

it in

rubbed
Mnesidemus

thus

for

these

is

See

head,

much

same

and

weaker

the

opium

or

both

than

and

the
in

now

other,

the

is

meconium

these

authors

And

those

that

is

proved by

is attested
modes

by

by

its

which

sufficient
former

commonly

now

perience
ex-

of

tised.
prac-

and

Pereira
(M. M.
643),
expressed juice of the leaves
Dioscorides

use.

that

states

it is

Plim^^s descriptionof
(iv,65.)
obviously taken from Dioscorides,
have

must

He

method

Exost.

was

is not

of the

coma.

adulterated

false,as

are

the

as

meconium

Erasistratus

prepared, but it will be

that his descriptionof the

Ksempfer (Amren.

The

1274.)
and

state

exactly the

recent

upon

and

deprived of sight by it. But

of it is by the
only proper use
it proved
sleep,for that otherwise

the

were

to

purpose

time,

been

statements

meconium

and

our

been

operation of the medicine

concludes
by describing the

He

his

sight and

for the

effects.

these

of

not

several

of it in diseases

use

dimness

mentions

colour.

tawny

the

disposing to

but

injurious;

of

then

medicines

oplithalmic

have
that

says,

smell, as

opium

practisedin

were

if it had

wovild

"

which

s'oft and

that

savs,

after
He

Diagoras condemned
inducing
eyes, as

that

says

appHed to a lamp Comm.

being extinguislied

its smell.

is I'oasted for

it becomes

shell until

when

and

smoky flame,

preserving its powers in

of adulteratingit
modes
then

281

copied

describes

thus

the

from

some

meconium

ceding
pre-

cum
:
authority.
folia
meconium
capita ipsa et
decoquuntur, succus
vocatur,
multum
opio ignavior." (H. N. xx, 76.) Opium it is certain
was
freely used by the Empirics, and accordingly it will be

found
of

it is

that

Scribonius

is at

He

also

as

to

and

to have

in the

opium

Comp.

for

in colic

ai)pear

never

and

and
not the expressed
pains to state that it is the concrete
which
be
used.
must
juice
(Dc Medicamentis, viii.)
it
presci-ibes internallyfor pains of the kidneys (xxvi),

enema

an

wouhl
of

formuhe

ingredient in the prescriptions

Marcellus
the Empiric. The
latter
in which
and
collyria,
opium occurs,

common

very

Largus,

gives several
he

"

have

med.

certain

had

recourse

loc.

stomach

iii);

in

many

other

Galen

cases.

opinionsrespectingthe use
diseases.
He
indeed,
professes,

sound

very

treatment

had
sec.

and
(xxix),

of
to

but

affections

it

when

he

coukl

help

yet lie prescribes it

and
even
(i])id.
viii),

in

it.

(Dc

cailiac

in intense

'

SIMPLES.

282

CoMM.

pains of
the

tlie eyes

applicationof

m.

of

he

opium

gi^"ingthe

in

the

larger dose

besides

be

than

calls

below

the

juice of

sedative

rubbed

in.

It

those

of

ulcers

it proves

and

saffron
them

cures

and

the

apostemes

yet

he

adds,
the

of the

that

use

if

allays pain

along with myrrh

given

dose

he

in

states

opium
taken

apostemes,
says of it,

He

nature.

forms

egg

liniment

it be

with

injected into

(lactucarium?).

says,

an

in

the

placed

affected,

ear

allayschronic pains of the head,

soothes
the
pains of ophthalmy,

;
;

of

the

of it in such

the

woman

had

authorities

but

demned
con-

proving injuriousto

as

and

of

milk

ancient

cases

coughs,

often

that kind

cures

the

which

tated
debilipeculiarcases, when
and humidity, is braced
of heat
by it ; but in
by excess
constitutions,opium, so administered, impairs digestion;
many
it stops diarrhoea; is useful
in dysentery, and
in ulcerations
of the intestines.
It proves
fatal,he says, by congealing the
and
vital powers
dote
extinguishingthe innate heat ; and its antiis castor.
He
concludes
by saying,that three times the

noisy; improves

of

amount

the

mandragora

Haly

xVbbas

terms

that

to

the

poppy

if

pains,whether

smeared

eyes, with

many

sight; it allaysincessant

cloth

Egyptian

lettuce

of all

yelk of

the

soporificif

head;

sometimes

with

wild

inflammatory

an

He

proper

useful, he

is

head,

parenthesisthat

in

the

that
Med.

fatal

the

states

and

the

and

He

it narcotic

it dries up
;

but

tare.

from

internallyor
especiallyin
for gout

says

(De

poison,

under

black

all

best.

as

in his Mat.

it proves

drachms

two

size of

the

that

He

the

opium

poppy,

Of

viii.)

be

to

of

treating

general propertiesof

sun.

is also formed

is

Theban

the

Comp.
dicial
preju-

the

iii,and

loc.

sec.

interestingchapter on opium
opium to be the juice of the

dried

He

med.

De

counteracts

very

defines

to

that castor

pronounces

Avicenna,

i.)

mentions

vii.

condemns

iii ; and

(]Meth.]SIed.
collyria.

opium. (De

Antid.

has

although in generalhe
ii),

effects of
kinds

and

it in

often

1. ii.)He

s.

Med.

(Meth.

[book

say

be

treats

it is

that

from

of

seed

may

brief

up

of

notices

extracts

of the

given

as

opium
and
soporific

half

in

hvoscvamus,

of

(Pract. ii,40, 318.)

made

stomach

drachm

or

double

substitiite

it.

the

sedative
to

medicine.

drachm
of

Dioscorides

opinions held by

and
Arabian

will

opium
Galen,

seed

of

(ii,2, 519.)

briefly,stating

more

Serapion^s account
from

for

of

in

general

He
prove
is
with

seems

fatal.

mostly
a

few

which
authorities,

SIMPLES,

284

princes of Cyrene

tliat the

CoMM.
'

'

of

'

verse

their

coius

among

the most

further

Pereira

in

of

the

silphium,is
shall

reserve

till

the

Median

resin

of

Ferula

resin

gum

Thapsia

re-

reckoned

were

(^ eg. King. 776.) See

most
especiallySprengel
readers

stated^ our

have

the

the

that

Morb.

of

treated

we

that

and

Syrian juiceswere

assafoetida; Avhile

of

called

the

namely

congener,

Garganica,

It

iv.)
the

under

It

article.

authors.

Roman

(De

what

the

on

silphium by

(as
the

the

to

come

we

and

vii.

the
product of the
Cyrenaic juice was
positivelystated by Strabo. (Geogr. xvii,3.) We
its medicinal
what
have
to
we
properties
say on

That

ancients.

1041),

From

gum

Cyreuean juice was

stated
above), the

of

Med.

(Mat.

world/^

struck

doctors

C\Teneau

in the

readilycomprehend

varieties

the

eminent

85.)
(iii^

Dioscor.

will

and

be

it to

caused

[book

By

in

occurs

of

Assa,

and

laser

laserpitium

the

tion.
Hippocratic collecauthors
it is generally

Arabian

the

name

is the

and

its modern

hence

pellation
ap-

Opi-yavoq,

CoMM.

Origanum, Origamj, or Wild Marjoram ; all the speciesof

it are
possessed of incisive,attenuant, desiccative,and calein the third degree.
facient powers
three
Commentary.
commends
species and reApuleius enumerates
for

them
describe

also

referred
the

0.

cannot
'to

onitis

and

the

3d,

particularuses

find

for

room

he

The

They
(c.310),

sylvestrealbum.

of

these

plants

separate articles
the

Arabians
copy,

Avicenna

Origanum

the

states

as

first

,on

(ii,2, 526),

Smyrnceum

occurs

and

the

L. ; the

2d, to

Dioscorides
so

fully

each.

scribes
de-

that

we

Suffice

Origana
diuretic

Greeks.

the

like

Galen,

Rhases
in

be

may

it

being laxative,emmena-

as

properties of the
call the
origanum
usual, from

Avhich

Heracleoticum,

0.

to

Dioscorides

and

species,

29, 30, 31.)

expectorant, (iii,

and

terms.

his

down

sets

of

Origanum

the

merely

The

number

same

the 1st, to the

"

say, that

gogue,

the

Galen

coughs, (c. 122.)

(Cont.

thor,
au-

in

general

and

fuge.
vermi-

See

modern

our

Serapion

1. ult.

i, 125.)

Greek

Phar-

macopceia (121.)

OpfOCTfXll'Ol',
Apium
of

montanum,

parsley,but

Mountain

stronger.

Parsley,

has

powers

like those

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

Dioscorides

Commentary.

285

of

says

this

article

{Selinnm

Comm.
'

Oi^eoselinum?
and

and

eraraenagogiie,

diuretic
Greek
its

and

authorities
and

See

in

in

Arabians

the

do

the

the

Apium

Athamanta

apothecaries, where
the

(Suppl. to

Pharmacop.

Dioscorides

on

it retains

take

its

other
with

under

some

found

emetic.
of

shops

characters.
of

we

rities
autho-

cases,

in the

ancient

article

it for the

in

minative,
being laxative,car-

as

Some

81.)

'

Apium,
Serapion (De Simpl.

montanura

is still to be

Libanotis

the

along

terras

same

deobstruent, diuretic, and, in

The

and

Serapion's Arabian

(Cont. 1. ult. i,69.)

represent

antidotes, and

general

(ii,2, 55) ;

particularAvicenna

Rhases

290) ;

it

it is diuretic

Galen

(iii,
69.)

of

treat

in

ingredient

an

remedies,

heating

congeners ;

Libanotisl:), that

Athamunta

or

the

the

Gray

commentators

treating of.

are

'Opo/3aK:)(jj,
Orobanche,
desiccative

Holly Rose, belongs

and

both

See

CaryophyUea.

Dioscorides

merely
and

raw

ATe

it in the

have

it

it,that

The

been

able

to

eaten

was

the

the

Oro-

Comm.
"

i, liO.)
of

treat

it very
of

traces

any

"

potlierb

as

discover

to

be

of

Grteca.

authorities

other

not

Arabians.

of the

works

Sibthorp. (Fl.

of

states

boiled.

succinctly.

fii'st order

cooling temperament.
It appears
unquestionably

Commentary.
hanche

the

to

''Opo^oc,
Bitter

Ervum,
and
is

desiccative

Vetch,

in the

second.

incisive,detergent, and

great

dose

It

Dioscorides

bloody
is

in

belly and

the

being

bladder

word

of

the

alexipharmic
and

from

length, but

taken

in

too

urine.

Ervum

Bitter

ErvUia,
virtues

at

for

the

being good

Vetch.

Comm.
"

considerable

as

skin, and
and

The

little to

carcinoma

forming

Arabians
what

in

bowels, and

Our
treat

Dioscorides

good
author
of

and

for

copies word

for

nmch

greater

delivered

under

it at
had

gangrene

fomentation

'
'

inducing bloody discharges from

stinate
being a cleansing applicationin ob-

pruritus, (ii,131.)

Galen.
add

as

therefore

large doses

diseases

chilblains

the

it

length, recommending

bitter,and
When

its medicinal

enumerates

diuretic,but

It is also

deobstruent.

it occasions

Commentary.

as

Tare, is heating in the first degree,

or

SniPLES.

286

'
"

dnink

When

this liead.

CoMM.
'

with

Adnegar,they say
and
acute
pain of

ficultyof urine, tenesmus,

promotes expectoration,and
particularAvicenna.

in

been

from

omitted
in the

softens

indurated

our

the

dif-

bowels

See

mammte.

plant has long

still not wholly unknown
Gray (Pharmacop. 96.)

See

'

Op/bllVOU,
in appearance,

like horehound

Clarij^is

it relieves

vii.

this

Though
Dispensatory,it is
(ii,342.)

shops.

Horminum,

[book

and

hot,

moderately desiccative,and detergent. It therefore is a provocative

and
with
clears
thickness
to venery
along
honey
;
any
and
of the coats
of the
extracts
sharp
eyes, dispels oedema,
instruments.

The

Commentary.

CoMM.

wild

is stronger

Our

author

the

than

cultivated.

his

borrows

of

account

this

'
'

from
Dioscorides.
(ii,135.) It is
[SalviaHorminum)
Celsus.
It is fullytreated
of by Galen, Aetius, nor
not treated
recommend
it as an
of by the
Arabians, who
applicationto
and other sores, as a collyriumin ulceration of the eyes,
cancerous
ai'ticle

and

of gout.

They further hold it to be

(ii,2, 692) ; Rhases
(Cont. 1 ult. i,
reported as possessing
years, it has been
ancients.
See Kutty (Mat.
to it by the

plasterin cases
aphrodisiac.See Avicenna
as

727.)
the

of

Even

late

ascribed

virtues

238.)

Med.

astringent, and
Orj'za,Rice, is somewhat
the belly in a moderate
degree.
It is the

Commentary.

CoMM.

and

the

authorities

other

terms.

For

Rhases

(Cont.

views

i, 583)

it boiled

astringency,and

its

Arabians,
;

in

the

nutritious

more

The

(ii,2, 567.)

milk, which, they

it becomes

brief

same

Serapion (c. 13)

see

Avicenna

in

it binds

Dioscorides, Galen,

its virtues

state

of the

1. ult.

recommend

Arabians
away

the

sativa.

Oryza

therefore

say, takes
and

forms

semen.

Orchis

having

herb

the

double

is

humid

are

provocative

venery.

and

desiccative, and

venery.

That

called

bulbous-shaped

greater orchis
to

also

and
But

The

root.

heating,
those

therefore,

specieswhich

Dog's Orchis,

of

on

is called

and

the

the

Testicle,

or

of

powers

therefore
lesser

it

is

heating

are

contrary, it

Sarapias, and

the

restrains

otherwise

SECT.

SIMPLES.

III.

TriorcMs, is
discusses
and

oedematous

its

than

former.

the

swellings,cleanses

herpes.

cures

to

desiccative

more

287

When

dried

it is

it binds
sub-astringency,

foul

and

therefore

putrid ulcers,

desiccative.

more

the

It

belly when

Owing

drunk

with

wine.
Commentary.

The

modern

botanists

speciesof it,and

it is difficult to

those

applicable

which

are

Dioscorides

and

the

is

former
the

Orchis
of

that

Regarding

of

its

the

relates

other

of

the

other

of

the

same

propertiesare

female.

blunting

the

virtue

the
the

to

of

venereal
of

the

specting
re-

it to

the

former

rousing

children, and

all this may

orchis

to

appetite,and

male

nonsensical

ascribed

that

vulgar belief,namely,

generation

However

refer

'~~'~'

by

confident

vii'tues of the

the

had

them

is undecided
to

Comm.

many

among

pretty
He

medicinal

roots

promoted

one

the

from

venture

may

merely

bulbous

the

is

papilionacea.
we

described

species described

two

Sprengel

Sarapias, but

and

venery,

Orchis

Dioscorides

one

that

the

Morio.

these,

author.

our

determine

the

to

have

by

appear,
herbalist

our

Culpeper. (130.) The other orchis he represents as being an

ingredientin appHcations to fistulse,
mortifications,ulcers of the
mouth,
the

and

forth,

so

31, 32.)
(iii,

reputed aphrodisiacal virtues

qualities.

Our

these

two

Testiculus

author

Canis,

the

Chasi

or

of the
from

copies

plantsunder

Galen

the

altahb

as

Osiris, Toad-flax,from
removes

obstructions

Commentary.

alba?),and
rallyfrom
Arabian

which

in the

recommends
as

it in
does

does

It

and

authorities

at

Greeks

besoms

Chasi

alchelb.

real and

same

had

scribe
de-

Yulpis and

i, 714)

1. ult.

See

Serapion

imaginary

done.

made,

arc

biieflynotices
jaimdice. Our

also Aetius.

not

Arabians

is bitter and

liver.

Dioscorides

Galen,

Dioscorides.

the

species

two

upon

The

explain

to

its sensible

of Testiculus

names

(ii,
2, 706) ; Rhases
(Cont.
(De Simpl. 90, 91.) They ascribe the
to

orchis

him.

Avicenna

powers

attempts

author

Oribasius
to

appear

this

be

plant (Osyris Comm.

copies liteborrows

treated

of

from

by

the

all.

OfTra,
Ossa, Bones,

when

biu'ut

are

possessed

of

discutient

and

"^""^

SIMPLES.

288

considerablydesiccative

is said

round

removes

when

The

burnt

and

hemorrhages
'

and

Galen

from

and

of desiccative

scrofulous

"

"

to

form

rubbed

It is

and

tumours

author

and

diseases

by our
they

furnaces,

when

draught, stop

give nearly the

triturated,are
Hence

they
vinegar cure

in with

with

same

possessed
used

are

as

themata,
itch,exan-

dispelenlarged

cerate

are

They,

indolent

an

Dioscorides.

of

form

the

fine

burnt

certain

to

nature,

shells

cutaneous

recommended

as

Oribasius

(v, 177.)

in

that

therefore,be supposed

may,

application

efiicacious

ver^^

sprinkledin

of

ascertained

well

now

principallyof lime.
a
good stimulant

consist

'

"

aphrodisiac.

glands.

Commentary.

CoMM,

spleen,

Oar^aKa,

gouty complaints,and

and

"

when

it

author.

detergent powers.

dentifrice,and

an

honey,
the

an

in

of

bowels.
authorities

our

'

Testae, Shells,from

with

It is also

cure

properties. See Galen

(De Simpl.
Arabians
The
Avicenna
2, 528.)
(ii,

medicinal

11); Serapion (c.464);

borrow

if drunk

it reduces

of

arthritis

ankle-bone

if taken

ox

other

The

of their

account

"

an

to

burnt

oxymel

leuce.

of the

fluxes

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

of

thigh-bones

said

epilepsyand

cure

but

is

burnt^

The

with

in relieves

rubbed

an4

teeth

and

worms,

some

drink.

to

loose

to fasten

when

sow

And

bones

by giving burnt
ox

tormina.

and

flatulence

of

vii.

say^ those

especially^
they

powers^

ankle-bone

The

men.

[book

says, that
when

flesh

repressing fungous
powder.
t

OfTT^fa,
Ostrea, Oysters; the
to

buccina,

the

therefore, as

incarnating

of

is not

detergent
it is

washed

When

but

biu-nt shell is

to

freed

so

possessedof

face, and

the
from

and

attended

powers

It is

whitens

pungency,

cicatrizingulcers

and

consistence.

gross

similar

the
is

with

used,

teeth.

useful

for

copious

discharge.
'"
*

"

'

shells
and

of

it
of

oysters

burnt

it

or

snails.

imparts

heating

pungency

gives the

Galen

Commentary.

CoMM.

and

and

an

He

says,

empyreuma

attenuant

terrene, and

that
to

whereas,

of the

account

same

if

the
what

it is useful

shell be

burnt
washed

water, Avhich
remains
for

the

ders
ren-

is devoid

filling
up

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

cicatrization of

and
burnt

shells

as

He

ulcers.

dentifrice,in

289

recommends
which

the

they

case

do

aslies of all

Comm.
"

require

not

'

applied to sores.
finelylevigatedas they should be when
(De Simpl. 11.) This article is not treated of by Dioscorides,
the reason
of which
probably is,that in his time the word
a term
appliedto the whole class of the darpciKoSspiia.
ocrrpeo was
treated
of in the
See Commentary
same
(i,91.) They are
See Avicenna
terms
as
by the Arabians
by the Greeks.
(ii,
/
Rhases
1.
ult.
i, 224) ; Serapion (c.443.)
2, 529)
(Cont.
to

be

'Ovpov,
Urina, Urine
is weaker

man

all kinds

than

the

also

furfui'es ; and
That

who

some

It

cures

likewise

of

boys not come

chrysocoUa is formed.
remedies.
and

is

given

have

in

other

urine

question has
other
as

for this

abridged
disgust,the

urine

be

to

recommends

the

affection

is still
;

but

indicated.
ancients

99)

; Galen

716) ;
HI.

Rhases

sediment

which

; upon

on

of

for the

use

and
cure

belly,
of the

Dioscorides

internal

boy

is

in fact the

of

of the

'
"

it.
of
of

article in

Most

it in

Rhases.

cure

want

no

Comm.

and
of

use

for the

complaint.

the

of the

of the

this case,

Tliey also
bite of

the

incipientdropsies. Dioscorides
urine
an
as
applicationto erysipelas

that
Avhen
remarks
the
practice Galen
be quite unhot
such
an
suitable
applicationmust

that

Those

covered.
re-

arthritic

author

there

that

in the

drunk

that

affection,and

viper,for deadly poisons, and

the

of

example, Dioscorides,Avicenna,

recommend

suits with

from

is

authorities,however, sanction

for

ception
ex-

have

plague

is laxative

of camels

peculiarvirtue

no

the

of mules

rejects,with
Some, he says, have given the urine
orthopncea; but he justly remarks
remedies

animals, Avith the

it in

drank

Galen

other

acrid, but that of

dropsicalcomplaints.
account
given by our

propertiesof Urine

Galen.

and

leprosy,putrid ulcers, achores, and

inflamed.
not
sprainsof the feet when
from
it the
to puberty is stronger, and
The

The

Commentary.
medicinal

of

of goats and

That

hence

urine

hot

are

boars, but it is considerablydetergent; and

of castrated
it is said that

it

of

when
who

this

cooled, it
desire

to

subject,are

know

or

any
more

referred

other

discutient

fully the

(Cont. 1. ult. i, 7 19) ; llaly Abljas

of

Dioscorithj^ (li,

to

(De Simpl. 10) ; Serapion (c.44S)

views

is

Avicc^-tla

2,
(ii,

(Pract.ii,517)
19

"

"

'

SIMPLES.

21)0

(i, 191.)

Baithar

Ebn

CoMM.

The

[book
of

last

these

is

vtt.

particularlyfull

'

this head.

mider

'

YJayKpariuv,
Sea-daffodil,in

Pancratium,
the

squill,but

'

tuna,

"

would

There

Pereira

be

to

appear

jNIed.

(Mat.

Dioscorides, like
the

as

powers

prepared in
for

Galen

and

of

We
the

by

Arabian

Kebal.

He,

Galen,

and

Alston

mari-

pancration

(Mat. ]Med.) ;

used

and

the

same

that

it is

affections

same

words

same

pancration
the

describes

however, merely gives

and

203.)

the

dropsies, (ii,203.)

the

nearly

appear,

the

in

spleen

whether

it has

degree

authorities, with

would

it

Baithar, who,

the

in doubt

are

of it in

treat

Sdlla

The

it,that

weaker

and

of

red.

the

of

states

in

the

Lindley (Veg. King.

and

manner,

diseases

and

variety. See

author,

same

Aetius

author.

651)

om^

in

white

red

squill,but

the

example,

the

of

varieties

two

ai'e

the

Sqnill,namely,

or

is like

po^Tcrs

is weaker.

CoJiMEXTARY.

Coinr.
'

and

appearance

be

of

the

from

extracts

our

treated

exception

it under

as

Ebn
of

name

Dioscorides

(ii,309.)
riaAiouon^,
C/irist's- thorn

Palinrus,
and

phymata
is of

so

hence

when

they stop

they

incisive

the

nature

fluxes

of

not

are

of

the
hot

very

break

to

as

and

leaves

down

of it

root

arc

belly,and

discuss
fruit

The

nature.

tringent,
as-

stones, and

relieve

expectorations.
'
*

It would

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

Dioscorides

Gaertn.

properties as

so

diuretic
treat
not

author.

our

and
lithontriptic,

of

it in

been

able

Thus,

alexipharmic,its

discutient

and

nearly
to

it

to

of

stop looseness

to

as

ascribes

be

to

seem

the

nearly
he

the

and

same

terms

it in the

detect

as

Mat.

our

expectorant,

being
and

Galen

externally,(i,121.)
the

same

root

bowels,

australis,
medicinal

it is

says,

leaves
the

Palinrus

that
and
We

author.

Med.

of

the

gent,
astrinit is

Aetius
have

Arabians.

YlavciKeg,
Panaces,
from

Avhich

heating

in

All-heal
the
the

it is from

substance
third

named

speciescalled Heraclium,
is produced, being
opoponax

that

degree, desiccative

in the

second,

emollient

SIMPLES.

292

CoMM.

of

mer

Mat.

these

would

Med., and

therefore

claims.
discutient

the

being

as

inclines

Sprengel
Hypericum
at

are

internallyand
the

other

author.

authorities
The

Arabians

under

the

in

head

like

of

bites

it in

of

treat

the

to

the

and

modern

Dioscorides

externally for

ferable
pre-

externally

as

internally

Chironium

the

Why

Chironium

explain.

to

it

ancient

have

to

seem

tumours,

that

origanifolium, Willd.
loss

the

of

vii.

49.)
reptiles,(iii,

to

think

applied the specificterm

we

and

ulcers

to

would

recommends

antidote

an

Libanotis

the

latter

Dioscorides

application to

"with wine

be

to

appear

[book

botanists

have

first of these

plants,

recommends

it both

reptiles.

Galen

and

like

general terms,

our

its medicinal

give

manner

the

is

perties
pro-

of Panaces.

YlciTTV^og,
when

Papyrus,

unburnt

substances.

But

but

of the

the

ashes

From

used

as

of

says
est.^^

caustic.

it,

It is

Charta

"

same

much

was

that

fit

by

the

of

blood.
See

(ii,2, 536.)
Baithar

Its

and

ashes, he

also

Rhases

(Cont.

inter

as

The

Galen.

Avicenna

is.

the

blood,

spittingof

1. ult.

in

commends
re-

stypticto stop

stop the

says,

Pliny

caustica

dilatingfistulae

now

also

they

and

for

sponge

it, the

Celsus.

cremata

ancients

prepared

Linnseus.

kali, which

by

Dioscorides

also

it for this purpose,

flow

of

Papyro,

ex

See

used

manner

carbonate

frequently mentioned

quae

paper,

from

prepared

paper

impure

an

(H. N. xxiv, 51.)

papyrus
the

procured

like burnt

Papyrus by

Cypems

burnt

and

papyrus

other

weaker.

are

papyrus

of

vehicle

the

it is desiccative

It is marked

burnt

ancients

only simply

burnt

when

Commentary.

CoMM.

is

i, 132), and

Ebn

(ii,244.)

Ylaptovvyria,
Paronychia,

Mountain

paronychia (whitlow).
desiccative

and
CoMM.

grass.

See

Its

The

Hispanica, Cand., and

Pharmacop. 105.)

those

are

the

Dioscorid.

Dioscorides

named

because
of

an

it

cures

attenuate

pungency.

commentators

Sprengel (Ad

so

are

powers

without

substance

Commentary.

Paronychia

Knotgrass, is

and

Draha

divided
verna,

between
or

iv, 54) ; Gray

Galen

join

in

the

Whitlow-

(Suppl. to

commending

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

it for the

of

cure

Galen

whitlow.

been

able

it in the

defect

to

Hippocrates

Celsus

nor

works

it acts

in this

Comm.
'

'

We

powers.

have

Arabians.

of the

noticed

has

that

argues

discutient

by being possessed of

case

293

''

not

Neither

it.

YlevTa(f)vWo";,
but

by

no

Commentary.

Democritus
difference

(Ad

opinion respecting it.

1.

c), and

well-known

the

plant Potentilla
well

Cinquefoil,answers
Dioscorides

wash;

of

cure

for

dysentery;

and

cutaneous

much

used

states

its

of the

as

in

ancient

of

gently repressing and

pains of the
see

is

in which

it

Parkinson, Gerard,

and

English Dispensatorydown
of

it,says,

in

seem

to

the
Baithar.

it

have

cures

of

the

it,says

most

as

given by

place in

chronical

it is

Schroder

it

herbalists,

Quinc}',who,

of

that

than

Dioscorides.

old

our

for

Ebn

this head

it held

that

of

the

Arabians,

i, 544)

by

(137.)

aware

are

in

the

1. ult.

all

by

through

cinque-

which

occurs

For

under

more

time

is the

It

coughs, "c."

been

character

to

defining the

things

is recommended

runs

commendation

that
vulnerar}',
not

Schroder

"

been

by Apulcius

(Cont.

Culpeper, and

have

author, merely

It

recommended

cinquefoil is highly commended

as

tumours

to

our

bowels, epistaxis,
angina, "c.

cases

its decoction

many

appear

(ii,33.)

(ii,2, 545) ; Rhases

(i,174.) They do little

repeat the
The

It

to.

fevers, epilepsy,and,

applicable.

emollient,

treatises.

referred

medicine, without

Avicenna

Baithar

places it in his list of

Celsus, who

Hippocratic

it is

in which

creeping

gargle; for diarrhoea

Galen, like
a

that

in the mouth

applicationto

times.

Sprengel

common

mortifications
as

'

by

think

purposes

intermittent

general propertiesas

particularcases

38.2.)We

remarks, it would

author

our

Med.

Comm.

considerable

Parkinson,

See

windpipe

discutient

been

great many

described

ix, 13), and

descriptionsabove

toothache, and

eruptions;in

short, as

folium

it for

roughness

and

in

P.

order,

use.

minutely

reptans, Angl.

the

to

recommends

for the
a

Rutty (Mat.

third

greatly in

(iv,42), Theophrastus (H.

(Ad Geopon. ii, 6), there has

of

Dioscor.

in the

this article be

Although

Dioscorides

by

It is therefore

acrid.

means

desiccative

Cinquefoil,is

Quinquefolium,

our

ing
treat-

pers
distem-

astringent and

Quincy
was

Dioscorides

here

merely
and

does
firming
con-

Ebn

'
'

SIMPLES.

294

[book

vii.

IlfTrXoc-

Peplus, called by
has

juice and

Papaver

some

like the

purges

this shrub

And

spumosum.

spurges.

YleirXiov,
this too

Peplium;
the

part, it is of

most

like that

of the

'
"

species of
and

E.

sea

These
in

say, the

to

articles

the

Spurge

or

Galen

and

the

at

the

them

give
say

time

same

on

of them

that

they
We

Peplis and

E.

they
We

in

treating

of

medicines

fruit

beingr

its root

it,while

of

humid

more

unripe

"

of

purging,

All the

Greek

(Mat.

v),
briefly

Avicenna

mention, that although

to

from

shops
by

stated

apothecaries.
while

Boerhaave
these

rough

further

Rutty

declined
"

tory,
Dispensa-

our

of the

have

thorities
au-

Med.

Arabians

The

Tithj^malle.See

in the

We

noticed

character

excluded

thus

not

See

520.)

Piper, Pepper
the

root

as

are

Actuarius

hastily.^^(Mat. Med.)

too

Med.

the

to

now

found

opinion

spurge

seed

like the

Peplus be

the

20), but

be allowed

may

purple
drastic

Purgant.) Diosco(iv,65, 66.) They are

character.

purge

small

Med.

xx,

down

same

still to be

are

concur

(Mat.

Med.

exactly the

N.

their

Peplus

(Epidem. vi., "c.)

of being safe
character

expellingflatulence.

of

Mat.

2, 103, 104.)
(ii,
the

gives

two

are

collection.

characters,

by Pliny (H.

also mentioned
Celsus.

flatus

E.

the

frequently mentioned

are

same

they

and

petty spurge,

Hippocratic

the

gives them

that

probably

the
Ephesius gives them
phlegmagogues and cholagogues. (De

by

of it purges

seed

doubt

no

Ruffus

rides

sea-side;for

the

by

grows
the

be

can

Euphorbia

Peplls,that is

spurge.

but

use,

no

There

the

purgatives

juice^and

peplus.

Commentary.

CoMM.
"

has

fruit is the

black, because

resembles

the costus

yet germinating, forms

and

hot.

white

But

pepper,

it is over-heated.

that

which

being

more

Both

are

in power.
the
is

long
it

as

pepper,
the

were

than

acrid

heating

But

and

the
desic-

cative.
Commentary.

CoMM.
'

Sohnus

gives the

'
'

"

sam

Quod

incorruptum
et

torridam

est

calor

Piper

album.

following account
Quorum

fecerit, Piper nigrum.

cutem

Qui

of

it

rugodemum

JS1MPLE8.

III.]

SECT.

caducus

fervido

torretur

29.)

traliit de

sole,vocamen

colore.

At

ut
Piper dicitur.'^
est, album
ipsa arbore stringitur,
account
of tlic
65.). This is not quite a correct
(Polyliist.
is tlie fruit gathered before
it is
Black
matter.
pepper
White
is the fruit of the
ripe,and dried in the sun.
pepper

quod

ex

plant,gathered

same

quod immaturum

It is

now

Frequent

mention

treatises.

(De

Morb.

kind

from

and

pepper,

he

does

the

vocatur."

is made

and

in

Dioscorides
the

on

white

P.

of

its

ternal
ex-

further,

says

(Orig.xviii,8.)
species.
the Hipjiocratic
lent
gives };n exceldistinct

whole

recognize the

not

black

is

Piper lonyum

peppers

freed

Isidorus

water.

Mul., "c.)

the

except that

one,

that the
of the

of

account

in

piper lougum

est

ascertained

fullyripe and

it is

after

maceration

by

coat
"

Co.mm.
"

longum

varieties.

correct

very
as

He

tinct
dis-

of it

says

in

general terms, that it is calefacient,diuretic,digestive,and

it in
detergent of obscurities of the cornea, and recommends
a

great varietyof

intermittent
of

fevers,

intermittents

commentary
for

pepper

opening

and

the

Galen.

the

(Therap.ad

great many

his

work

its
of

(v,4, "c.)

authorities

peppers

copy

says

the
separately of the Piper and
although in one
place he quotes Galen

held

variety of

them

be

the

of

most

whole, lie

agrees

with

long the

Dioscorides

2, 519, 550.) Sec

(ii,
(Cont. I. ult. i,550), Averrhoes

uses,

Pepo, Pompion,
that

part which

freckles
of the

and

the

kidneys.

is

is

as

like.

its medicinal
Aetius
Avicenna

saying

as

former, he speaks of them

the

and

cure

Piper longum, and

distinct

stonuxchic; but

for the

Galen.

plants. He
says of
that it increases the appetite,promotes digestion;
other, that it is aphrodisiac. He says the white
to

in

remedy

desiccative.

from

treats

latter is

as

Galen, in treating of the

on

Greek

use

by Stephanus in his
Glauc.) Celsus prescribes
diuretic,
being calefacient,

Simples,merely
stronglycalefacient and

it is

other

as

purposes,

"c.

pores,

that

powers,

is

on
a

in

pepper

beginning with
188.) The use
(ii,
stronglyrecommended

cases,

most

Galen

to

the
if he

as

the

former,

and

of

kind

laxative.
as

that

On

the

is the
tlie

its medicinal

Serapion (c.357), Rhases

(CoUig.v, 42.)

further

Hence
detergent powers.
the flesh of it,cleanses
away

possessed of
it

were

But

the

seed

of it

removes

obstructions

'

296

SIMPLES.

Commentary.

CoMM.

See

Book

the pepo
and

It

sect.
First,,

is

Avicenna

The

and

treat

of

this article

1. ult.

skin ;

medicine.

the

section

melon.
it is

ancients

difficult

of

days.

The

relieves

affections

Lonicera
either

of

the

cases

same

rates

The

the

leaves

incisive

and

heating

blood

of the

the

Arabians

fore,
be-

once

of

fruits

the

It is not

See

to

as

for

for

casion
oc-

seven

forty days,

that

it is either
is to

caprifolium, that

it in

recommends

say,

nearly

of it, that it accele-

says

Oui'

author's

found

the

decides

Sprengel

also

confused

so

drunk

when

Honeysuckle.

(iv,14.)

possessed

are

powers,

doubt

no

author, and

give rather

fruit

if drunk

Dioscorides

Galen.

and

dyspnoea.

L.

the
the

or

our

climbing plants.

be

can

latter.

as

urine

by

spleen and

There

from

diuretic

than

more

summer

deliveryin labour,

condensed

stated

desiccative,and

"Woodbine

in favour

obstinate

excellent

an

distinguishthe

jierichjinenum,or
the

have

we

as

of

is

seed

Commentary.

CoMM.

Avicenna

to

discharge

See

Woodbine

time

same

commending
length, re-

another.

one

Periclymenon,
at the

internallyas

its root.

to

application to

an

and

Indeed,

from

as

of

Dioscorides

considerable

at

seed

2, 89)^ Rhases
(ii,
(Cont.
Serapion (De Simpl. 251.) It is clear from
the Pepo, that the term
also applied
on
was

iii^20), and

Avicenna^s
to

externally

tliat the

property

same

vii.

Pepo, L,

quality,(^di,
14.)

ascribingthe

the

laxative

emetic

an

Cucurhita

the
mentions

in

it
of

Alexander

80.

agree

Arabians

diseases

be

to

appears

possessedof

[book

of it is

account

in the works

of Celsus.

along with

account

other

Serapion (c.41.)

neptarf^Ewi',
Yerbenaca,
it

According
He

to

It

it

phalangia, and

mad

authorities

describes

of

cure

two

therefore

undoubtedly

and

astringent that

stops hemorrhage.
the

Verbena

and
Apuleius,itis styptic,
agglutinative,

recommends

for the

is

desiccative

so

and

aggkitinateswounds,
Commentary.

CoMM.
'^~"

Vervain,

is

as

applicationto the
dogs. Dioscorides, and
an

down

to

jaundice, and
species,of

bites
most

Macer, recommend

externallyfor

which

the

second

officinalis.
abstergent.
of
of
it

foul

serpents,
the

internally

ulcers.

is the

ceeding
suc-

He

Verbena

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

recommends

merely

and

Dioscorides
that

it is

under

the

the
it

(Cont.

Ainslie

(Mat.

1. ult.

Ind.

With

but,

stated

been

Alston

and

the

upon

another

recommends

good styptic

Arabians,

He

mends
recom-

See

in

it

Hindoos,

see

like

under
the

is

no

Comm.

dried

'

Myxa.
have

We

would

vulgaris,

Miller.

of the leaves

powder

Galen

character

and

of

Dioscorides.

'

'

means

we

as

Myxa.

same

follow

the

as

Cordia

agree,

hemorrhage.

the

by

the

Persica

the

give

to

disposed to

of

manner,

of which

leaves

state, this supposition

inclines

as

cases

authorities
in

also

stop hemorrhage.

Sprengel

See

place.

merely

Greek

Woodville

not

are

we

Dioscorides

other

Aviceuna

generally acknowledged

whole,

admit

of

the

by

use

therefore

difficulties.

many

hesitatingly,then,

as

its

think

to

palea.

s.

Egyptian tree, the

an

It has

opinion

in

On

astringent,and

as

with

this

translation

'

"

from

up

inclined

are

columbarum,

?),is

and

tree, but,

decided

We

'

Ebn

entirely made

is

Comm.

ii,314.)

Commentary.

is attended

herb.

vulnerary

in the

i, 530.)

{the Peach

desiccative

peach

variety,and

one

applicationto erysipelas,(ii,2, 551.)

an

Persica

described

only

plant

(i,498.)

of Pastus

names
as

being

as

this

Galen,

plant

Rhases

are

it

description of

Baitliar^s

describes

Galen

supina. (iv,60^ 61.)

297

See

the

it.

The

Avicenna

(ii,2, 22.)
W^TaaiTriq,
Petasites, Butter-burr,
hence

it is used

ulcers

daiuic
say

the

this

of

same

of the

It is still used

time

it.

We

It

was

of Quiucv.

by

the

it

have

Arabians

only
and

malignant

the

been

able

Ebn

and

phage-

authorities
it in the

Baithar, who,

an

and

under
Galen.

applicationto

Dispensatory

as

with

Tussiluyo

find

to

Dioscorides
as

plant

the

Greek

other

from

the

being

ulcers.

this

for

except

desiccants

phagcdsenic
its

not

extracts

in

of

of

country people

retained

order

description of

Galen

head, merely gives

ulcers.

and

doubt

no

recommends

(iv,lOG.)

of any

"works

leaf,leaves

He

third

the

Dioscorides's

petasiform

petasites.

of

for iU-conditioned

Commentary.
its

is

late

as

foul
the

Comm.
'
*

298

[book

SIMPLES.

vii.

TIeTOoaeXivop,
Petroseliiium,
third

in the

cative

Stone

Parsley

seed

tlie

and

degree, being incisive;

and

copious urinary

menstrual

desic-

and

hot

is

it

hence

discharges.

sions
occa-

is

It

also

carmiuative.
It is the

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

'

and

donian,

"

Macedonicum.
to

in the

found

to

Pharmacop.

that

and

bladder

ingredient
of

curious

for the

290)
Ebn

of

of

when
and

scirrhous
it

our

(145.)

Our

it

places where
other

See

Avicenna

1. ult.

i, 69)

The

Arabians

given by

this

Antidot.

(De

their

Hog' s-fennel;

we

It

plant

Averrhoes

smelled
chest

spleen.
The

in

occasioned
When

straightway allays

affections.

and

to

root

by
put

the

potion
thick

into

pain ;

promotes

and
the

has

cultivated
in

parsley under
;

Serapioii(c.
than

more

42) ;

v,

repeat

juice

concrete

for

tooth

eaten

agrees

exfoliation

and

atteniuint,

affections

humours,
it

fection
con-

Galen

masters.

the

use

the

(CoUig.

do little
Grecian

in

Arabians

of

species

an

in

Avas

The

i.)

it is

occurs

(ii,2, 55)
;

kidney's,

that

(iv,14, "c.)

cases,

with

and

ingredient

an

aud

stomach

side, of the

di'ink ;

as

emmena-

being considerably heating, discutieut, aud

as

lungs

from

Dioscorides

the

70.)
(iii,

the

along

the

other

(ii,388.)

Peucedanum,
both

it

of it

in

in

(Cont.

Rhases

characters

sap

taken
antidotes,

Apium.

Baithar

the

on

of

still to

are

Galen.

of

is

It

Gray (Suppl.

See

Quincy

it from

pains

in his time.

treat

of

in flatulence

mentions

colic,and

passage

head

the

diuretic

market

general

Avhen

Celsus, who

for

of

tormina, for

in

time

the

is beneficial

in

works

in

its seeds

fragrant, aromatic, diuretic, and

are

colon, and
of the

except in

wholly disappeared

not

characters

his

it

parsley

found

apothecaries.

our

It had

79.)

seeds

its

gogue;

of

shops

borrows

author

be

continent, and

the

on

Dispensatory

English

Athomanta

and

INIacedonian

to

not

"

of Pefro-

gardens.^' (Gardeuer^s Dictionary.)

cultivated, however,
be

the

"

remarks,

Mace

the

names

Macedoniciim,

country, and

our

botanical

curious

says

Buboii

called

botanical

different

Miller

As

stranger

the

Macedonicum,

selinum

is

bv

known

species of Parsley

and
wdth
with
of

in

the

also

for

caries
nervous

scales

of

SIMPLES.

300

[book

vit.

Y\r]-yai'oi",
Rue

Ruta,

carminative

"

hence

The

The

other

the cultivated

and

viscid humours.
is

wild

is

species

fourth

the

to

but

the

of

cale-

third,dividing

It also promotes
subtile

and

parts

venereal

appetites.
is the Peganum
Harmala,
graveolens.
According

rue

the

order

to the

of

composed

it restrains

Commentary.
'

urinary discharge,and

the

CoMM.

belongs

thick

discussingthe

and

"

wild

desiccants

and

facients

the

Ruta

L.
to

(Geopon. xii, 25.)

Dioscorides^s
two
so
are
long that
chapters on the Peganum
Both
species,
we
can
scarcelyattempt an abstract of them.
Florentinus,

he

kills

astringent, and

gogue,

foetus

in

utero

caustic,calefacient,ulcerative,diuretic,emmena-

are

says,

it

It

45, 46.)
alexipharmical.(iii,

occurs

Our
Hippocratic treatises,and in the works of Celsus.
of it given by Galen.
author
abridges the interestingaccount
Arabians
The
treat of the two
species very elaborately,but in
Dioscorides.
Avicenna
See
follow
the
main
(ii,2, 571) ;

in the

Serapion (c. 300)

that

mention

Med.,

Mat.

the

and

116.)
they

The

still retains

graveolens

the

the

Turks

used

were

Ruta

that

still kept in

are

(Collig.
v, 42.)

Averrhoes

in the

of

just

may

place in

our

Harmala,

other, Peganum

spice,in like manner

Pliny. (H. N. xx, 51.)

its seeds
time

its

Gray (Suppl.to Pharmacop.

See

shops.
use

of the

seeds

We

as

as

Wiaaa,

Pix,
but

less

Pitch

pitch is

dry

desiccative

second

the

liquidis contrariwise.

the

while
calefacient,

in

degree,

They

have

and
digestivepowers, and also discutient
acrid.
remove
lichen,
leprous nails,cleanse
They therefore
and
powerful, so as
digest swellings. But the liquidis more

detergent and

some

to

serviceable

be

dry

is

in

for

linctus

agglutinativeof

more

Pliny

Commentary.

CoMM

asthma

cases.

N.

says

of

pitch,Dioscorides
in phthisis,
empyema,
expectoration; also
of

hard

tumours

of

"

pitch,

dederunt, et
quidam
Averrhoes
also
xxiv, 24.)

ii,42.)
(Collig.

The

empyema.

wounds.

cyathimensura
(H.

and

See, however,

contra

Phthisicis

more

tussim."

veterem

recommends

it

fullyon

etiam

in

such

the virtues

the liquid pitch

(i,94), who recommends
of difficult
cases
coughs, asthma, and
external
an
as
applicationto leprous nails,

the

uterus, fissures of

hands

and

feet, "c.

SIMPLES.

SECT.

Til.]

The

liquid pitch of
the

was

ancients

the

boiled

same

301

until

evidently tar

was

hard.

it became

dry

latter is often

The

(i, 94, 97)

Dioscorides

See
TraAt/uTTiffffo.
(xxiii,
1.)

called

the

and

Comm.
'

"
'

Pliny

n"o-(TfAotoi',
from
Oil, is formed
liquid pitch
picatum. Pitched
it.
substance
than
attenuate
consistingof a more
Commentary.
Comm.
According to Sprengel, the tt. of Dioscorides
is the same
the
as
as
Tar-water, so celebrated
grand panacea
called
Siris.^
Dr.
his
work
It is
in
by
ingenious
Berkley
Oleum

'

'

called

Pix

Mineralis,

ancients, according

Earth

or

74.)
place, (iii,

in another

author

opo7ri(T(7rjby our
Pissasphaltum of the

Hill, was

the

moderns.

of the

Pitch

Dr.

to

The

YliaraKia,

Pistachia, Pistachio
stomachic,

and

removes

First

Book.

is

hardly

worth

under

while

this

information

(i,167.)

We

as

used

much

of the

it in

by reptiles.

Pistachio

author.

our

nuts
vera.

See

in

comm.

It

''~^

'

Dioscorides

in this
as

Rhases

See

small-pox.

parts

bitten

more

of

rities
give the opinions of the other authoof them
none
supply any additional

just mention

was

aromatic
been

moderately

liver,and

the

fruit of the Pistachia

given by

may

pistachionuts
of

head,

the

are

to

that

to

treated

have

They

and

is

eaten

of

have

who

those

We

the

its fruit when

light

of the

It also relieves

Commentary.

obstructions

decoction

especiallya
wine.

Tree

place,that the
an
applicationto the
(Contin. xxxii, 2.)

oil of
trices
cica-

Pityides,the Fruit of Pines, being possessedof mixed powers,

the
it assists expectorationfrom
astringent and acrid, hence
the

chest.
Commentary.

or

Wild

pine
for

Pine,

tribe.

to

stomach,

but

the

restricts

Greeks

Pliny,like

coughs.

translates

pinei"

Pliny

apply
author,

our

Here, however,

as

is

Dioscorides
Galen.

in his list

it to the fruit of the

The

Aral)ians

fruit of

recommends

usual

(i,87.) Our
(De Simpl. viii.)
of things which
are

24.)
(ii,

it to the

with

author

Pinaster

it as

him,
is

Comm.
^"^^

remedy

he

placesthe
particularlygood
of

the

merely
debted
principallyin-

Celsus

treat

all

these

nuclei

"

for the

under

the

"

'

SIMPLES.

302

general head

CoMM.
'

'
"

of

piniis. See

in

[book

vii.

Avicenna
particular^

(ii,2, 301)
the
enlarges on

Averrhoes

latter
(Collig.v, 42.) The
virtues of them
beyond his wont, ascribingto them
powerful
of the
effects in disinfectinga pestilential
state
ting
air,in resisand
putrefaction,preventing impregnation,
procuring
and

He

abortion.

also calls them

vermifuge.

VliTVOKa/LiTrai.
Erucse
of the

with

powers

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

'

same

Fifth

the

C anker

the

pinorum,

We

Book.

cantharis
have

As

thev

practiceof medicine,
allowed
been
a
place in

of Pines,

-ivorms

and

treated

it is difficult to

Pini

tringcncy,by
and

In

burns.

"

also

are

'

Pine

of

agglutinativeof
It is the

would

in

its

prevailing power

applicationfor
the

is

belly.

Plnus

Pinea, L., Stone

condensed

leaves

and

Pine.

Our

of this article given by Dioscorides.

lengthy account
the picea, and that
it is a speciesof the same
as
genus
of both
being astringent,is a suitable applicationto

He

superficialulcers

of

manna

frankincense
Avith

pulverized
the

belly and

from

it

notice

Of

we
(SaStoi'),

The

and
diseases

of the

and

the

See

Avicenna

the
The

Celsus.
liver,

virtues

of

tions,
excoria-

litharge and

leaves

he

draught

the

pine

in diseases
of the

latter

in the

Arabians

parts

of

and

of the

liver.

torch

prepared
places. Galenas

as

its
treat

it,at

author's.

our

works

recommends

The

different

effect

occurs

ternally
ex-

of inflammation

cases

same

binds

recommends

in their proper

the

(iv,8.)

the

in

pines, and

treated
is to

of

mention

Frequent

have

and

hydromel

fruit of

article

this

of

diuretic.

the

says
bark

hepatic diseases when

fumigatio-npromotes the expulsion

soothing applicationin

i, 86.)

M.

with

the

more

it stops

secundines,

toothache, and internallywith

(M.

burns,

in

and

proves

as

copperas

foetus

of the

and

that

as-

intertrigo

The

the

to

have

wounds.

have

to

appear

the

should

abridged

author

in

pinorum
used

never

why they

see

useful

Er7icce

or

it restrains

potion

the

Med.

]Mat.

it proves

Com:mentaky.

CoMM.
'"

cortex, the Bark

which

of it

the

buprestis.

of

seldom

were

possessed

are

of

crates
Hippo-

flowers
of the

in

pine,

great length.

(ii,
2, 280, 301, 555, 093); Serapion (De Simpl.

SIMPLES.

JIT.]

SECT.

Rliases

Ebn

Baitliar

and

borrow

and

kidneys

(Collig.v, 42); Comm.

freelyfrom

different

the

of the

in diseases

Averrlioes

i, 311);

They

(ii,137.)
recommend

further

much

ult.

(Contin. 1.

G3) ;

303

parts of the

pine

'

'

Greeks,

tlie

"

very

calculus
especially

bladder,

haematuria.

and

Ylnvovaa,

Pityusa ;
it has

some

say

juice and

Mriters

the

in

spurges

as

Tree,

the Plane

burnt

bark

Commentary.

He

recommends

also when

is

boiled

in wine

Platanus

for the
with

as

gargle

in

toothache,
to

purposes,

and

which

the

as

windpipe, eye,
Aetius,

on

its

or

ear,
our

additional

who,

under
and

Ebn

the

this
Galen.

Baithar

Our

to

it may

See

can

do

little

Aviccnna

{ii,122.)

be

merely
leaves

boiled

in

is

vinegar

evidently
cinal
medi-

same

guard against
them.

drawn
more

the

prejudicialto
(De Simpl.

closelyfrom

author, copiesvery

application

an

prove

into

Comm.

ping
stop-

the

author

seed

for burns

stypticfor

as

as

by Pliny.

and

it for the

if admitted

head,

The

Pilulce

its rind

readers

information

detergent, so

and

commends

leaves, as

\dnegar
along with

recommends

eyes,

are

in

Pliny, however,

and

who

and

serpents

further

his

wai^ns

like

of

and

in incipient

use

fire

by

vinegar, as

of

of

boiled

called

(i,107.)

Galen,

grows

much

bites

inflammations

indebted

(c. 1 12) ;

virtues

orientalis,L.

xxiv, 29.)

N.

been

are

acrid

in defluxions

swellingsand

Dioscorides

Comm.

other

the

spherical balls

desiccative

more

Dioscorides, who

to

Not

all

are

burns

cure

It is the

pounded

from

viii.)

one

also

and

has

ulcers.

them

copies

the

bark

hnmid

bleeding. (H.

down

the

being

humectating

leaves

green

sphericalballs,which

into

much

possessed of

the

They

leprosiesand

forms

is

when

that

toothache.

The

cure

its

by
same

But

desiccative,so

to

of

possessing the

the

Hence

inflammations.

fat.

doubt

no

briefly noticed

is

Med.

refrigerant power.

it relieves

because

spurge,

general.

Platanus,

more

be

can

It

Mat.

species of

like them.

There

Pityusa.

on

this is

purges

Commentary.

Euphorbia

that

from
than

(ii,2, 209)

Galen.

the
copy
;

bians,
Arafrom

Serapion

SIMPLES.

304

the

skin

fox

when

those

Lungs;

Pulmo,

Avhich

the

marinus

Pulmo

scientific

cure

the

to

cure

lungs

The

gout and

cures

of

Pulmo

chilblains.

Serapion give nearly

The
propertiesof lungs.

species of
author

Greek

and

Valerian

which

Medusa
all

medicinal

desiccative.

and

for

wine

the

defining its

Polemonium,
in

But

asthmatics.

medicinal

Our

in

is attenuate

believed

are

shoes.

by

pounded,

the

is

name.

Dioscorides

and

of

account

same

to

swine

vit.

Dioscorides, Galen, and

Commentary.

CoMM.

and

chafed

said

are

fresh

when

marinus,

been

has

dried

of lambs

[book

the

others

this
follow

properties,(ii,39.

(calledby
Hence

Philetserium),

some

give

some

disease, dysentery, and

ischiatic

bears

the

of

root

scirrhus

of

it
the

spleen.
'

'

'

It

rian.

in

occurs

Basil),but

ed.

Polemoniwn

It is the

Commentary.

CoMM.

the

is not

recommends

Hippocratic

found

be

it to

caruleum, Greek

in the

works

for the

given

treatises

dysentery, dysuria,sciatica,and diseases

also
He
a
as
masticatory for toothache.
it

(iv,8.)
have

We
with
up

used

was

the

as

amulet

an

author

Our

copies from

able to trace

been

not

exception of Ebn

entirelyof
it

for

disappeared

Galen,

from

of

and

scorpion,

also Aetius.

of the

account

mentions

the

does

works

Dioscorides

spleen,and

further

as

whose

reptiles,

of the

sting

it in the

Baithar,

from

extracts

the

Dioscorides

venomous

for

that

(Hippiatr. 108,

of Celsus.

bites of

Vale-

Arabians,

of it is made

Galen,

(i,186.)

Dispensatory long ago, its

in the shops of our
where
root is still to be found
apothecaries,
of being astringent,vulnerary,and
the
character
it retains
55.)
anti-dysenteric.See Gray (Suppl. to Pharm.

Though

our

YloXiov,
Polium, Foley ;

belongs
therefore
diuretic

wounds,

to

the

Commentary.

smaller, which

order

of

obstructions

dried

when

it

we

calefacients
of
While

emmenagogue.

and

sprinkled upon
CoMM.

third

removes

and

the

cures

all

use

and

the

green

for

antidotes,

desiccants.

viscera,and
it

It

proves

agglutinateslarge

ill-conditioned

ulcers

if

them.
The

speciesindicated

by

our

author

is evi-

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

dently the

first

Poliiim.

The

305

species of Dioscorides, namely,

is the

other

Teucrium

tlie Teucriwn

Comm.
'

Creticum.

Both

'

these

"

plants retained a place in our Dispensatory down to the days

of Quincy (118),and both of them
still to be found
in the
are
shops of the apothecaries.Gray (Pharmacop. 49.) See further
Parkinson
(Theatre of Plants,23), and Rutty (Mat. Med. 402.)
Dioscorides

of

says

is beneficial

both, that their decoction

the bites of

to

jaundice,and

diseases

it loosens

bellyand

and

the

is bad

below

for

the

in
reptiles,
spleen along with

the

is emmenagogue,

stomach

that

are

couch, that they drive away

vulnerary. Galen, Aetius, and

the

same

the

ingredients

23.)

The

Celsus

in the

Ai'abians

reptiles;and

in

headache
and

fumigations
a

placed

cataplasm

Oribasius,give them

barely notices

celebrated
of the

of

cases

but induces

in

internally

dropsy,
vinegar; that

venomous

of

characters.

taken

theriac

it

of

once

nearly

as

of

one

Mithridates.

(v,

speciesat greater length

Greeks.
See Avicenna
(ii,2, 537) ; Rhases
(Cont.
1. ult. i,558) ; Serapion (c. 165) ; Averrhoes
(Collig.v, 42.)
They agree with the Greeks in consideringit diuretic,emmenagogue,
and a gentle purgative,and recommend
it further as
and a remedy in cases
of protracted fever.
being anthelminthic
than

Serapion,by the
but
aphrodisiacal,
the

on

treat

two

the

poley

quotes Dioscorides

way,
there

to this

calling the polium

as

is nothing in the

chapter of

Dioscorides

effect.

rioAuyoAoi',
Polygalon, the Milkwort,
When

austere.

being

of

hot

taken
and

humid

Commentary.
certain.

language
the

works

of

the

copies Dioscorides

draught

it is the

which

it

are

moderately

engender milk,

to

seems

Polyyala

amara

quite Comm.

seems

'

and

Galen

author.

oiir

leaves

temperament.

That

Dioscorides
as

in

has

We

have

Arabians
and

of it in

treat

been

not

except Ebn

Galen,

nearly the
able

to

Baithar, who

same

find it in

merely

(i,186.)

rioXvyovarov,
Polygonaton, Solomon's
and
acrimony, l)ittcrncss,
and
root

therefore

of it upon

III.

Seal, is
a

certain

it is not

woundsj and

much

mixture

of

indescribable
used.

clear away

nauseous

Some

spots on

astringency,
ciple,
prin-

sprinklethe

the face with

20

it.

SIMPLES.

306

Commentary.

CoMM.

It

has

been

[book

usually taken

for

the

vii.

Conval-

'

'

'

laria
a

which

Polygonatum,
in

medicine
M.

(M.

and

403)

author

modern

copies

noticed

the

the

Mat.

works

word

almost

far

it, as

obtained
on

for

Dioscorides.
we

as

be

to

found

in

Med.

from

None

it

of the

as

Rutty
Our

either

in his

Arabians

Ebn

of

have

Baithar,

Dioscorides

by

works

the

See

Galen, who,

discover,except

can

character

same

Pharraacop. 23.)

word

merely gives the descriptionsof

It is not

the

Gray (Suppl. to

from

turn, borrows

has

and

who

Galen.

Hippocrates

or

Celsus.

TVoXvyovov,
has

Polygonon, Knot-grass,
watery principle of

the

When

externally,it

applied cold
it

nature

cative.

male

The

order

hot

is what

therefore

relieves

thereby

is stronger

than

Of

speciesdescribed

the

two

the

in

it.

ardor

be

to

of

of such

Being

appears

cold

prevails

inflammations.

and

repels defluxions,

Commentary.

CoMM.

second

and
stomach, erysipelas,

the

astringency,but

some

desic-

female.

by Dioscorides,

'
'

the

is

mas

feminine

undoubtedly

probabh^

be

the

on

Dioscorides

Two

had

so

borrows

possessed of

him,

with

strangury
of

not

in

of

need

to

and

by

of the

older

at

loss to

former

latter

comprehend.

the

species,but

male

as

and

author

our

other.

refrigerantpower,

and

hsemoptysis,fluxes

It is
its

of the

juice
belly,

forth,

Celsus

exactly with
ranks
among

those

"herba

things

?)
gently repressing (astringent
of the polygonum
who
treat
Avicenna
particular,

2, 725)
(ii,

of

Dioscorides

sanguinalis,quam
which

are

at the

emollient,

Arabians

and

follow
Ebn

quaint old herbalist Culpeper, under

medicinal
knot-grass,assigns to it exactlythe same
Our

mare^s-tail,

as

the

upon

and

195.)

could

corides
(iv,4, 5.) Galen taxes Diosthe particularcases
of
stating preciselywhat
which
it is applicable. Otherwise
his characters
so

vocant,"
TroXn'-yoi/ov

in

the

interesting expositionof

dwell

of

and

commentators

ancients

the

most

not

cases

the

knot-grass and

the

this article agree

author.

our

time

See

are

gives

avicidare,
How

are

the

astringentand

an

chorea, strangury,

Greeci

several

classed

we

is suited
(decoction)

The

maritimum.

as

been

powers

from

Polygonum

supposed, we

Dioscorides

medicinal

and

P.

dissimilar

have

never

female.
the

the

Hippuris vulgaris,as

plants

could

the

same

(ii,33.)

Dioscorides.
Baithar
the

head

virtues

(ii,
of
as

SIMPLES.

308

CoMM.
'

'
'

[book

vii.

good ground for questioiiSee Gray (Suppl. to Phar-

no
rejected,(ii,
244.) There seems
ing its efficacyas a gentle laxative.

13.)

macop.

VloiLKpoXv^,
is

Pompholyx,
useful
also

"

'

sublimed
ores

in the

the

describes

Pharmacopoeia

Collected

used

for

in ointments

the

Subst.

185), and by Quincy (201.)

had

been

familiar

the

former

says

ago)

it

unknown

was

in

it,see

on

(v,85.)

The

Arabians

anus,
treat

Galen

and

for

of it under

Serapion (c.422)
V,

; Ebn

(that is

shops.

those

ocular
the

and
Greeks

had

Purpura,
shells.
in

with

The

when

head

; Avicenna

part

which

oil,strengthens

vinegar,they

hairs

cure

are
serves

that

150

ancient

years

authorities
Dioscorides
certain

it in carcinomatous

and

the

to

parts of

of Tutia.

(ii,2, 695)
it

are

swellingof

cover

See

in

; Averrhoes

tion
genera-

the
to

does

thing
any-

what

name

and

lar
particu-

Dioscorides

given by
one

spodium

same

them

fallingout.
the spleen.

The

(Collig.

of them

one

possessed of
as

if he

regarding pompholyx

burnt

are

singularthat

say, about

the

as

collyria.(De Simpl. ix.)

Baithar

delivered

album.

brass

or

latter writes

to

about

(i,217.) Hardly
than
of
more
copy the description
Galen, only comprehending under

43)

ores

it appears

For

recommends

ulcers, for

all ill-conditioned
and

Nihil

particularPliny (H. N. xxiv, 33), and

latter calls it styptic,cooling,and

escharotic.

extent

The

article;but

in the

authority on

tutty." Gray (Suppl. "c. 234.)

by Geoflroy (Treatiseon Fossil,

"c.

that in his time

zinc

and

pompholix

Pompholix

wherein

distinctlydescribed
this

of

still later

^'

zinc,

formerly kept

were

names

It is also

with

flowers

white

pure

hy
Dr.

furnaces, wherein

metals,

it thus:

smelting furnaces

in the

melted;

other

(Mat. INIed. ii,485.)

album."

nihil

other

stated

Medica.

Materia

Moderately

or

with

is well

was

the

distinguishedby

and

shops

brass

melted

are

"

It is

ulcers.

remedies.

on

zinc, says,

it in the

from

its

writer

recent

of

ill-conditioned

it is

that

so

pungency,

this substance

What

Lewis, treating

or

other

ingredient in ophthalmic

an

comparatively

without

and

for carcinomatous

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

desiccative

rately.
sepa-

powers
when

as

boiled
drunk

When
As

the

furaiga-

SIMPLES.

m.J

SECT.

in

tioii;tlieyrouse

of

cases

.'-iOf)

uterine

suffocation^and

expel

the

secundines.
The

Com:\ientary.

from

dye.

It

Helix

ianthina, Murex
of

is

got

them,

shell-fishes
various

(iii,
4), and
detect

and

Our

author

this article in the

'

works

of the

For

from

have

count
ac-

14),

v,

Dioscorides
able

been

not

Arabian

an

Animal,

(Hist.

We

'

'

more

borrows

(De Simpl. xi.)

Galen

the

purple Comm.
especiallythe

trunculus.

particularlyAristot.

see

supply

fishes,but

brandaris

Pliny (H. N. ix,60.)

and

which

to

authorities.

WoTafioyuTioVf
is

Potamogiton, Pondweed,
being possessed of
of

says
in

In

is described

the

and

recommended

Dioscorides.

See

Poterrhium,
into

slices

the

decoction

be

so

it in

Arabians

the

Avicenna

cases

"We

have

relieves

to

author.

not

been

^larmbium,
but
and

more

confesses

think

He

Galen
able

that

to

describes
detect

those

our

from

removes

of

the

Astragalus

it has

stalks

holds

this

it in

in

the

and

nerves.

of

it.

in the

Creticus.

like those

plant to

exactly the
of

second
about

lungs.

be

of
a

same

of Neuras.

name

works

obstructions
chest

and

ignorance

it l)y the

it

of the

when

Astragalus Poter'mm,

be

calefacient

It

his

it is the

recommends

Iforehound, is

desiccative.

spleen,and

like

it borrow

affections

Dr.

our

of

red

Galen

general terms,

treat

as

Matthiolus

speciesof tragacanth.
as

species
the

(ii,2, 352.)

drunk

of it when

is inclined

But

another

decidedly determined.

of

treat

works,

dysentery,colic,and

Lindley holds it to
(Veg. King. 548.) Dioscorides
says
tragacanth, and accordingly Linnaeus
Pall.

Comm.

Dioscorides

(calledby some
Phroenium) ; its roots
and
wounds
agglutinatedivided tendons

Commentary.

Sprengel

of his

in

It cannot

of

Such

cut

editions

authorities

other

author.

natans, L.

Potamogiton

of the

some

fluor of females.
and

it.

to

powers

cooling and astringent,and is aj)plicable

pruritus,and in spreading and inveterate ulcers,

of

(iv,99.)

astringent,like Polygonum,

it is

it, that

cases

similar

It is the

Commentary.

cooling and

It

the

bians.
Ara-

degree ;
the

liver

also pro-

Comm.
*

'

"

SIMPLES,

310

menstruation.

motes

cutient, and

In

otherwise

Commentary.

CoMM,

cataplasm it
detergent and

it is

The

[book

MatTubium

is

vii.

detergent and

dis-

incisive,
Dioscorides

vulgare.

has

'

'
*

elaborate

an

section

virtues

the

on

article^which

of this

in phthisical^
asthmatic,
particularly

complaints,as

being

menstrual

the
He

and

and

that

bladder,

Horehound,

"

lochial

adds, however,

kidneys
it

the

has

and

chest

its

that

of the

Arabians,

in

see

deobstruent,

in

and

emmenagogue,

Serapion also praises it as

in ulcers of the
particularly
It
ancient

woidd

and

it holds

with

the
for

seed
have

deobstruent,

tions
men-

stated

by
nearly

in

Celsus, who

scribes
pre-

27),
paralysis(iii,

to

deserve

the

the

For

purposes.

(ii,
2,
it

the

as

eyes.

recommends

and
and

lungs, asthma,

of

consists

of

it

like

such

plaints.
com-

which

characters

bowels,
it proves

it is mixed

is diuretic

juice and is
disagreeabledreams,

and

expectorant
with

the

when

boiled

in

remedies.

therefore

the

acrid

agrees

tergent,
It is also de-

attenuant.

nephritic

astringency,and

some

unwholesome

says, that it induces

Dioscorides

well

seem

the

Macer
to
give it from Hippocrates down
Serapion. See Rutty (Mat. Med.
309.) Even
place in the Dispensatory.

Porrum, Leek,
but

also

applicationto

an

authorities

Floridus

yet

it

particularSerapion (c. 198) ; Avicenna

recommends
(Collig,v, 42.) Avicenna

AveiThoes

553) ;

of

phthisis (iii,
22),
and
for
other
(iv,4),

throat

of

about

its virtues

state

Marrubium"

"

juiceof it in

the
in ulcers

Oribasius

It is the

terms.

same

and

the

by general admission,
taste, being a deob-

corresponding to
spleen, clearingaway matters
He
lungs, and promoting menstruation.^^
in a cataplasm and
in other cases,
use
as
Aetius

of

thus

liver and

Dioscorides.
the

writes

in taste, so,

virtue

affections

in

Galen

(iii,109.)

catarrhal

promoting
alexipharmic,"c.

an

it is unsuitable

commends
re-

for

expectorant,

discharges,as

it is bitter

as

of the

struent

excellent

an

and

he

ptisan.

But

juice

of

The

the

leaves

it

proves

styptic.
'
*

Without

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

Diphilus,

as

nutritious, and

quoted by
flatulent."

it in the

cases

doubt
Athenseus

it is the

Allium
"

says,

(Deipnos, ix, 3.)

enumerated

by

our

it

Porrum,
is

L.

attenuant,

Dioscorides

author,

and

commends
re-

also

in several
in

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

his

work

aphrodisiac, and
the

eyes,

Averrhoes

but

and

Rhases

Holm

The

It

authorities

Kermes,

certain

class of

Pliny, as

is the

stated

in

Comm.

import-

more

'
'

diuretic,

that

it hurts

the

particular Avicenna

i, 562)

Serapion (c.361)
(ii,339.)

Baithar

powers

resembling

Quercus

Ilex,

of it

speak

Scarlet

or

it

all

those

of

the

stronger.

Commentary.
the

it at

emmenagogue,

See

; Ebn

of

treat

attach

of

say

1. ult.

Oak, has

it is much

being

as

teeth.

(Cont.

not

Arabians

They

the

(Collig.v, 42)

Ilex, the

All

it

forth.

so

gums,

(ii,3, 540)

oak,

The

Simples.

on

does

Galen

(ii,178.)

it,recommending

to

ance

others,

311

Grain

insects.
under

is

powerful astringent.

produced

It is described

that

Comm.
'"

being

as

Oak,

Evergreen

or

the

upon

ilex

by

by Theophrastus

"

"

and

head.

rTpoTToXtc,
Propolis, Virgin-wax, or
Bee-glue, is
second
degree and moderately detergent.
of attenuant

and

deobstruent

Commentary.

quidam
nearly
the

the

glutinous
the

up

other
the

holes

ancient

substance

in

resinous

of

account

same

their

writers

the

possessed

hive.

Bee-glue
which

They

It

it,^' Propolis quam

Dioscorides

with

plants.

It is also

calls

Largus

vocant."

ceram

in

powers.

Scribonius

sacram

calefacient

as

and

working

gather

it from

frequently in

occurs

give

author.

our

the

Galen

Comm.
"

'
'

It is

bees

block

poplars and
the

works

of

Pharmacy.

on

rirapyiu/o),
Ptarmica,
the

whole

Sneezeivort

part, when

of

ecchymosis, for

to

the

second

with

the

rocky

Greek
the

same

and

the

the

indicated

as

authorities,from
as

Dioscorides
our

author.

The

that

by

kinds

belong

green

it agrees

well

(as is remarked
and

Dioscorides.

have

by

mountainous

not

downwards,
We

other

third.

description of

is meadows,
locality

situations

characters

to

Ptarmica, except

favorite

and

hypopion

dried

but

sternutatory;

are

desiccative.

Dioscorides^s

Achillea

Sprengel) its
and

it is hot

leaves

removes

green,

order, and

Commentary.

the

All

give
not

it

been

the

exactly
able to

Comm.
^~^~"

SIMPLES.

312

discover

CoMM.

of

traces

any

it in

[book

the

tlie Arabians.

of

works

vii.

Its

"

leaves

'

to

still

are

be

in the

kept

shops

apothecaries,and

of

Pharm.

sternutatory. Gray (Suppl. to

held

are

80.)

YlTeXaia,
Ulmus,
so

powers,
more,

if,when

about

the

the

possessed of
agglutinatewounds

to

as

in

of it

which

also

It

cures

possessed of

are

will not

but

the

and

detergent

bark

of

state, it be wrapped like

fresh

wounds.

roots

desiccative

is

Elm,

the

unite

the

bandage

leprosy with

vinegar, and

same

so

powers,

bathed

be

to

are

it still

with

that

tures
frac-

decoction

the

of it.
Commentary.

CoMM.
'

'
'

author^s
from

Most

of its medicinal

statement

it to be

others, recommends
of
of it

it

in the

occurs

fully,but

in the

(ii,
2, 71, 9G, 212)
it in all

Filix,Fern,
the

it destrovs
taken

the

to

it is

Ulmus

Our

campestris.
is

virtues

closely copied

(i,112.) Galen and most of the authorities

an
agglutinativemedicine.
Pliny, like the
it as an
tion
applicationto leprosy. No men-

Dioscorides

represent

the

probably

of

works

main

follow

Rhases

Arabians

The

Dioscorides.

(Cont.

1. ult.

is desiccative

in its powers,

i, 250.)

kills the

foetus,and

of four

broad

drachms

and

moderately astringent,it

They

bitter.

Hence
when

worm

honeyed

di'ies up

commend
re-

abstergents.

intestinal

in

treat

Avicenna

See

requiring astringentsand

cases

amount

Celsus.

cause
Be-

water.

ulcers

without

pungency.

'
"

"

nominant.^^
the

Filix

Aspidium

which

Mas,

See
vermifuge medicine.
201.)
Rutty (Mat. Med.
as

to

an

anthelminthic

former
white

purpose

he

wonder
of

directs

that
bitter

it should

taste

with

be
some

as

diseases

be
diet

of

to

refer

this

it

which

one

the

given

it to
a

and

merely

is calculated
For

spleen.

with

as

work,

recommends

of

filicem

celebrated

long

IV, 67,

and

it to

with

Galen

been

Dioscorides

in

hellebore, along

garlic, (iv, 183.)

Book

pterin,Latini
hesitate

not

has

medicine,

convalescence

promote

Grsefci

Apuleius says,
need
(De Herbis.) We

Commentary.

CoMM.
"

the
or

scammony

consisting principallyof

acutely remarks,

that

there

anthelminthic, seeing it

astringency.

None

is

of

is

no

possessed
the

other

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

Greek

authorities

Arabian

or

supply

the

to

appear

marked

is

Pycnocomon,
The

culus.

addition

fruit,in

Mas.

phyma and
properties,also

these

Its root

sharp-pointedweapons.

yellow bile.
has
given

purges

Although Dioscorides
descriptionof it, there are few

Commentary.
minute
Mat.

Med.

the

Index

about

which

Latinus

The
iv,173.)

Marrublastrum

Leonurus

been
we

unable

this
from

Dioscorides

have

not

noticed

borrows

(1.c.)

Galen

it,as

far

as

of
those

are

Commentary.

is not

embrocations.

to

seems

of

it,that

serviceable
natural
it in

in

heat
a

pratensis

Arabians

list of

treat

had

as

acquaintance with

no

the

with

characters
The

same.

caustic
cold

is rubbed

torpor
be

the

quite satisfied.
Dioscorides,

rubbed

and

of it

Arabians

and

in with
and

before

in with

the

oil,and

lieves
re-

paralysis.

Antheniis
It

and

powers,

Fyretlirum, comm.
much

was

Galen,

used

Macer,

oil,it is

in
and
it
says

sudorific,being

chronic

and

(vi,9),

when

'

See

Plants,'

Serapion, and, in a word, all the authorities, recommend

Dioscorides
strongly as a plilegmagogue for toothache.
further

'

ancient

Cephalaria Fycnocomon

has

root

with

pretty Comm.

discover.

can

affected

affected
It

although Sprengel
stimulant

we

extracts

that it is neither

Succisa

have

does

furun-

in the

of

his medicinal

periodicalrigorsit

who

acrid

uncertainty.

Theatre

the

w^e

the

Pyrethrum, FtUitory ;
allaysthe pain of teeth
occurrence

the
be

as

author

Our

plant.

'

latter decides

it may

determine,

to

articles

much

so

nor

"Whether

supposed.
are

is

Parkinson's

to

Sprengel (inDioscor.
the

there

'

the

Greek

to

have
lost their
rigors,for parts which
are
37.) Celsus also mentions
paralysed, (iii,
ache
stimulants, to be applied externallyfor tooth-

and
of

ranks

it among

it at

considerable

'

'

Celsus

of

it,therefore,discuss

of

Comm.

(ii,2, 620)

TlvKVUKOJLlOV,
possessed of discutient,attractive,and

leaves

The

powers.

informa-

(ii,12)
Polypodium than
PharmacopcEia it is

rather

Filix

Aspidium

the

being

as

filicula"

"

modern

the

In

Mas.

Filix

to

us

The
been

have

additional

any

particular Avicenna

respecting it. See in

Serapion (De Simpl. 56.)

tion

would

313

his

caustics,

length,

but

(v, 8.)
borrow

The
much

"
"

"

"

SIMPLES.

314

Dioscorides.

from

CoMM.
'

'
'

Rhases

See

(Cont. 1. ult.

all in

particularAvicenna

in

Averrlioes

i, 553) ;

particularrecommend

toothache.
called

We

need

it

in

sialogogue
its

vii.

(ii^2, 547)

(Collig.
v, 42.)
that

still holds

and

sialogogue

as

scarcely remark

Anacj/clos Pyrethrum)
as

[BOOK

the

Tliey
of

cases

pellitory(now
satory
Dispenno
see
good

place in the
We

masticatory.

the
questioning its identity with
ancients, more
especiallyas it still retains a

therefore, for

reason,

of the

pyrethrum
place in

the

modern

Greek

Pharmacopceia.
Ylvpog,

mediate
Triticum, TVJieat,is heating in the first degree, but is interbetween

glutinous
'
'

and

We

have

the

First

and

treated

largely of

Book, and

It is also

wheat

it is the

it among

have

also

at

the

treated
We

separately.

this article

upon

substances.

doubt

Without

pollen of

further

humid

what
some-

emplastic.

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

and

dry

Triticum
dietetical

of

the

need

cBstivum.
articles in

farina,leaven,

not, then, enlarge

present.
WiTva,

Rennet

Coagulum,

all

attenuating, discutient, and

that

of

hares

is

vinegar, and
of

solvent
manner.

chest.

curing the

female

say

'

have

the

pertieso^
he

has

Arabians

treat

See

in

horse

propertiesof

Rennet

copied

the

author^s

is taken

from

from

the

the

and

That

Dioscorides
almost

the

menstrual

rennets,

they

discharge,and
say,

are

the
and

word

blood

in hke
the

from

able
serviceseal

of the

is

medicinal

for

proIndeed

Galen.
word.

The

ment.
judgfullyand with much
Avicenna
ult.
i,221) ;
(Cont. 1.

very

(ii,2, 115) ; Serapion (De Simpl. 444) ; Ebn

They follow Dioscorides
closely,
very
among
be

with

pro^dng

proving

as

of

account

latter

rennets

to

But

powers.

of blood

spittingof

is described

particularBhases

rennet

acrid,

of

castor.

Our

of

bowels,

dysenteric affection's.

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

to

in

desiccant

discharge, and

that it restrains
of

rennet

in cseliac and
said

milk

possessed

are

curing epilepsyif drunk

as

coagulated

The

decidedly

represented

as

Some

of it

sorts

applied on
for

the

Baithar
other

pessary

for

(ii,604.)

things

promoting

hystericalconvulsion.

alexipharmic, and

commending
re-

especiallythose

All
of

SIMPLES.

310

Commentary.

CoMM.

[book

Dioscorides, like

vii.

author^ describes

our

two

'
*

certainlythe Rhaplianus sativus,

Dioscorides
and
the other probably the R. maritimus.
gives
former
of
the
of
the
medicinal
so
properties
long a catalogue
an
or
common
radish, that we can
scarcelyventure
sition
expoupon
specieSjof

of

which

the

He

it.

former

is

of

it, that

says

its seed

emetic, dim'etic,

is

with vinegar; that it

drunk
spleen,when
taken
when
is beneficial in cynanche, and alexipharmic both
(Geopon. xii,
internallyand applied externally. Florentinus
antidote
22) and Pliny (H. N. xx, 13) praisethe radish as an
and

to

of the

cleanser

poisonous substances

used

by

taken

ancients

the

before

as

meal

and

described

by

It

much

was

it

for this purpose

emetic, and

an

as

animals.

venomous

Celsus.

was

also

See

(i,3.)

it is frequently
Pliny (1.c.) Hence
prescribedby Nicander, as a remedy in the case of poisoning,
It is also
in that by henbane, and in that by mushrooms.
as
in these and
recommended
similar cases
Largus
by Scribonius

(1.c.) and

Dioscorides

(Compos. 198.) The radish we are confident is the "radicula"

tive,
of Celsus, who prescribesit for various purposes,
as
being laxadiuretic,and, as we formerly stated,emetic.
(See Vol. II,
attach much
31, "c.) The Arabians
importance to this article,
information
but do not supply much
regarding it but what they
acknowledge
(c.307)

Avicenna

Averrhoes
in

derived

be

to

(ii,2, 574)

(CoUig.

statingof

42)

v,

it,that

easy ; and

food

cases

of

that

Quincy they
as

he

"

says,

of

Baithar

246.)
(ii,

other

food

it loosens

of the
the

old

our

Serapion

See

(Cont. 1. ult. i,571)

Rhases

bowels.

AU

in

prescribeit

herbalists,and

still held

place in

little used

in medicine."

our

commend
re-

even

as

jaundice.

wild, retain their ancient

agree
ing
vomit-

also

liver and

They

it renders

the

poisoning. They

radishes,the garden and

works

Greeks.

the

before

in obstructions

deobstruent

in the

Ebn

taken

after

it in

from

The

ters
charac-

in the

time

of

Dispensatory,although,
(i,5, 409.)

Pjjoj',
Rheum

cold, and

(calledby
subtile

some

Kha), is composed

substance, and

of

of

vaporous,

terrene,

hot, and

Hence
it relieves sprains and
slightlyacrid one.
ruptures,
and
orthopnoea,and also liridities,
by its discutient powers;
and by its astringency,spittingof blood, cseliac and dysenteric
affections.
hepaticcomplaints.
By both it cm'cs

SIMPLES.

Til.]

SECT.

Commentary.
and

Our

whoever

-nill

Dioscorides^s

in

got

to

place

power

the

fail to

with
astringency,

recommends

shall

it to

be

the

of

degree
draught for
the

of the

haemoptysis,asthma,

all
Galen's

chronic

author's.

our

from

works
of

(he

it

is

Hippocrates
it

Rhacoma)

exposition of

our

of

or

the

flatulence

of

the

of the
and

spleen,
bladder,

uteras, sciatica,

cseliac

affections,
also

his

(iii,
2.)
same

as

descriptionof

author,

our

for

for discussing

exactlythe

mention

of

the

it

clearly

as

RM

in

the

Celsus.

is

xxvii, 105.)

N.

(H,

Uke

no

he

fomentation,

the

and

^-inegar,and

evidentlytakes

There

calls

in

Aetius,

of

animals;

in with

have

chest

venomous

already stated, is

and

of

Dioscorides.
reserve

it,as

Galen.

either

of

rubbed

Oribasius

Dioscorides

abiidges

bites

inflammations

of

account

diseases

the

prevailing

heat

diseases

hiccough, dysentery,

iutermittents,and the
lividityand leprosy when

its

of

distension

hypochondria,

clusion
con-

we

ancients

it,that

'
'

attention

what

the

stomach, atony, all kinds of pain, spasms,

liver,and kidneys,tormina, affections of
of the

the

our

Appendix

says

in

taken

it Nvith

to

confine

; Comm.
'

of

come

certain

Galen

substance, namely^

therefore

Dioscorides

from

account

knowledge possessed by

rhubarb.

purgative
is

"We

it, reserving to

to

on

say

his

carefullycompare

RJiajmnticum.

this

manifestly copies

chapter on Rha, cannot

both
apply to the same

that
Rheum

author

?,\7

Pliny's description
from
manifestly imitated

As

already stated, we

views

of

the

Arabians

shall
to

the

but

the

Appendix.
Vr]TLX'ai,
Resinse, Resins, are
holds

turpentine

all calefacient

the

first

and

attenuating,and

also

and

that

of

and

still

more

neither
and

larch

that

fir hold

an

On

Thcophrastus (H.
sicca

et

up

his

hquida.

P.

of

the

Old

London

pine,

of

are

the

pitch-tree,
acrid,

more

Those

of

the

but

pine

place.
and

oi Resins

Pliny (H.

N.

see

in

Comm.
pai'ticular

xxiv, 22.)

Phny
of them
Summae
:
species duae ;
pinu et picea; liquidae terebintho,
"

larice,lentisco,cupresso.''
arida

resin

attractive.

formation

ix, 2)

account

The

wild

nor

the

Sicca

it.

the

intermediate

Commentary.

sums

of

desiccative

place, being discutient, emolHent,

detergent,whereby it cures
itch;
to

discutient

more

thus

is hke

and

The

Rcsina

sicca

Pharmacopoeia,

or

pini
the

is the

Fix

Fix

Abietina

~^'"'

SIMPLES.

318

of the

CoMM.
'

'

by

'

New.

the

by

is often

the

Venice

rosin.

known

and

the

roasting resin is described

a
very interestingaccount
be

to

represents

is the

work,

urine.

the

of

not

is well

that

to

be

much
resins

all these

mode

of

burning
He

(i,93.)

f'esina in

black

the

as

appear

The

or

gives

general, which

he

emollient, calefacient,dissolvent, cleansing,

consumptions, in
coughs
with
or
honey, clearing away matters
being diuretic,digestive,laxative of
suited

same

Dioscorides.

by

lentisci

Colophonian rosin, which

The

Cypress rosin does

Pliny correctly observes

bowels

the

this

vii.

generallycalled

now

Resina

The

now.
on

The

Tmyentine.

in

is

liquidalaricis

of Mastich.

name

mentioned

fiddler's

act

of

name

known

Resina

The

[book

and

for

electuaries
from

the

chest

and

liniments,
plasters,

adds, with

he

bowels

and

as

adapted for
the
VI, 8),and for leprosy,
operation on trichiasis (see Book
for purulent ears
with
with
verdigris,copperas, and natron;
They are
honey and oil,and for itching of the pudendum.
mixed,

the

themselves

by

and

acopa,

relieve

rubbed
in or applied by themselves,
pleuriticpains either when
(i,91.) All the other authorities prescribethe resins freely,
Dioscorides.
but
none
as
give so full a description of them
who
been
to have
See, however, Celsus (plm'ies),
appears
ticularly
parfond
butter

and

honey

in various
to

seem

usual,
their

325) ;
"c.) ;

other

recommends

He

Our

cases.

from

copy

author's
from

Greeks,

the

Avicenna

See

own.

turpentine rosin with

dyspnoea (iv,4, 2),and

22),in
phthisis(iii,

in

principallytaken

be

of

account

Galen.

and

The

supply

2, 242)
(ii,

would

them

Arabians,

as

little additional

of

Serapion (De Simpl.

(Cont. 1. ult. i, 580,

(Collig.v, 42) ; Rhases

Baithar
(pluries.) All the resiuse here described
modern
Greek
Pharmacopoeia (160, 161.)

Averrhoes
Ebn
in the

occur

of them.

PoSa,
Rosse, Roses,
which
more

'
'

heating,astringent,and

astringent,and
Commentary.

CoMM.
'

is

arvensis,and
gives
in

medicine.

preparing

hence

are

bitter.

expositionof
says

flowers

they
for

the

R.

still

are

the

lutea,Derlech,
Rosa,

he

L.

particularuses

cooling and

are

use,

flowers

desiccative.

comprehended the
probably other species of
careful

watery substance,

The

It

He
the

of

naturallycomposed

are

directs

the

rides
Dioscoof

Roses

astringent.
nails

R.

or

In

white

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

clipped off

be

portions

to

mainder

compressed

form

they
the

We

need

authorities

have

Galen

Sim

(De

(Cont. 1.
oil,that
and

in

Like

collyriato the eyes

give particulardirections
to

roses

fetid

remove

radix,
and

is

heating

no

wood
this

The

but

the

later

See

point.

that

in

valerian

of

rose-

in

make

it

syncope

dient
ingre-

an

and

Hhases

preparing

its

loss of

both

second

ablution

an

and

degree,

it

an

the

was

is

tenuating
at-

Dioscor.

other

barely stating its

much

the

are
rose-

agreed
and

forehead

it
and

Paulus,

upon

Lindley
along

temple
content

are

characters.

Voiai,
Mala
the
as

Punica,

speciesof

Pomegranates;

them

refrigerantsand
in

less

refrigerant,
which

are

something

but

acid

are
are

than

of

others.

drier

nature

their

desiccative

the

But

the

cooling in
in

prevailing quality
by

astringent power,

an

desiccants.

degree

incisive

astringent and

is

the

than

The

austere

the

this
arc

The

juice,but

but

act

perty
pro-

Those

are
more

all

more

have

kernels
still

of

they

stomachic.

greater degree,

nature.

which
have

sweet

and

Comm.
'

or

recommends

authorities,like

general

Rosea,

iv, 45)

merely

application to

herbalists

'

Rhodiola

pretty

are

Dioscorides

The

and

commentators

Sprengel (in

as

cephalalgia.

with

Arabians

and

eyelids.

for

Rhases

and

hepatic;

and

the

authorities

(Veg. Kingd. 631).

with

(pluries)
;

The

stomach

other

piCa,

in

older

satisfied

means

the

discutient.

Commentary.

by

what

perspiration.
PoSta

Rosea

of
and

anus,

(ii,2, 568)

Greeks, they

the

diseases

Celsus

further

rose-water

in their

with

of

See

and

of the

Comm.

calliblephara. (i,130.)

subject.

inflammation

re-

intertrigo,and

on

exposition

it is stomachic

hsemoptysis.

Avicenna

in

gums,

powder

alibi); Avicenna

recommend

They

tone.

ears,

the

mortar, imtil

them

called

this

on

in

Serapion (De Simpl. 108).

that

it relieves

in

the

to

pi. viii,et

of rose-water

say

time

shade

the

ointments

written

i,585)

ult.

of

sprinkled

devote

not

in

recommends

affections

the

ingredient in

an

He

also when

"c,,

pair of scissors^and

pounded

ball.

headache,

eyes,

womb,
as

into

and

with

319

also
more
so

the

SIMPLES.

320

membrane

outer

"

'

Woodville

says,

ai^iov."

They

cultivated

in
The

who

Dioscorides,

is

and

and

styptic;

the

kernel
and

sun

of the
and

in

juice of

the

suitable

to

for

and

and

in the

it

Galen

medicine.

hmits

prescribesthis

For

and

bark,
the

the

Arabians

(De Simpl. 129)

(Collig. V,

42);

and

give

to

stomachic, cooling,

the

in

the
fluxes

hip-bath

the

with

is

honey,
and

pudendum

is

expressed

especiallythose

more

and

anus

of

the

another,

it to say, that

Aben

various

in which

cases

recommends

and

the
other

(ii,2, 109,313);

(Contin.

1. ult.

(i,499).
the

Mesne,

acid
in

i, 443)
One

of

pomegranate
cholera

of

It would

Suffice

these

Baithar

Paulus.

as

various

Avicenna

Rhases

treat

of the

styptic,and
for

root

Ebn

notice

authorities

Greek
words

same

medicine.

see

other

the

authorities,Ruffiis,recommends

disease, and

in

in rain-water

that

mixed

the

on

and

nose,

nearly the

in

pomegranate

Celsus

mouth,

and

that

also treats
separatelyof the
(i,141.) He
bark, recommending the latter as an anthebnin-

the

our

the

and

it, restrains

and

of the

unsavourj'^

dried

macerated

fluxes

boiled

ardor

suitable
un-

fingers, spreading ulcers, fungus, earache,

the

pomegranate,

when

haemoptysis,

other

when

in

acid

exceed

in

with

genders
en-

is

nature

when

is

it

hence

diuretic, being

boiled

that

and

kernels,

complaints

the

bowels

dysentery

pterygia on

flowers

and

food

larly
particu-

that

intermediate

all

this head

on

it relieves

pomegranate,

them

xxiii, 57.)

N.

and

stomach,

an

much

of

pomegranate

acid, that

has

vinous
acid

the

and

thic

the

ulcers

sweet

in the

it is beneficial

drunk,

suitable

the

astringent and

more

sprinkled on

stomach

authorities

of

wild.

was

them

haemoptysis. (H.

of the

and

that
of

of

Celsus

by

recommends

ancient

flatulence

in fevers

stomach,

the

of

says

and

heat

and

flowers

of the

authorities, speaks
He

treatises.

for the

for those

malicorium

L.

fruetus

cortex

Hippocratic

balaustia

astringents.

interesting

most

the

generally put

medical

aff'ections

cpeliac

called

granatum

uude
ct/Sj/

audit

and

called

the

excellent

being

as

flowers

Punica

the

in

is

Cytini

root

Pliny, like

used.

arbor

frequently occur

the

The

Malicorium.

evidently

pomegranate,

of

bark

The

is

"Hippocrati

(De Diseta, ii,"c.)

the

called

vii.

powers.
It

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

similar

have

Cytini

rind

or

[book

and

he

calls

flowers,

purposes.

Serapion
Averrhoes

Serapion's
in cardiac

syncope.

SIMPLES.

III.]

SKCT.

which

attends

in the

loss of
and

Rhases

as

the

(Mat.

the

way,

whether

the

rind

of the

think

it

the

the bark

the

or

the

satisfied

In

the
and

root

being

Coriaria,Sumach
be

to

used

desiccative

and

of

also

brieflysays

of

The

writers

Arabian

famine

bread

same

cases

the

in

of

cases

other

is

the

vim

"

on

the

its

are

the

which

as

other

name

in.

both

"

an

from

recommends

sumach.

Dioscorides

dj'senterywhen
hip-bath,as an injection

and

the

with

of

authorities
medicine.

Rhases
Baithar

which

carious

once,

the

and

many

teeth

to

then

as

(vi,11.)

mouth,
and

and

for

mentioning that

of

it but

Mulieb.

and

ears,

concludes

sumach,

the

it in

put into the holes

Greek

of

Co^.iyi.
"

as

astringent medicine

an

Elm-leaved

or

astringent,being applicablein

He

is

(ii,2, 635) ;
(De Simpl. 225) ; Ebn

Avicenna

times
some-

latter.

used

lavement

general properties as

it under

in

described,

are

Coriaria,

purulent discharges from

the

also

was

fruit

the

Rhus

Hippocratic treatises. (De

Galen, and

latter

to

passage

of

pain,(i,147.) Celsus notices

applicationto aphthous ulcerations

the

Pharmacopoeia

made

He

mouth, in

It is mentioned

of

was

used

Greek

relieve
an

Greeks,
"We

astringent. Pliny
habet
astringendi refrigerandique.^^
that
in times
of
husbandry mention

sometimes

its leaves

gum

IV, 58,

fruit and

the

practicalpurposes.

it bears

the

root.

the

rind

pvpaociipiKTi),

much

was

acacia.

as

givenby

it,

was

of it that

says

It

This

to

yellow

juiceof it come
cipally
prinby physicians,being considerablyastringent
the third order, but detergent of the second.

Commentary.
Sumach.

rind

restricted

Pong
Rhus

that

modern
the

the

toxication.
in-

question,by

examination

us

Book

been

'

diuretic,

purges

it,see

ai^iov of
of

relieves

all represent the

has

or

bark

but

former,

ai^iov

term

malicoriuni

fruit

of the

It

1101).

"

held to be
sweet

of

use

'

in

wine

are

They

this

Comm.
especially
vomiting.

more

and

flesh of the

On

the

included.

the acid

stomach.

Med.

(1. c.) has

Avicenna

the

The

latter.

anthelminthic.

Pereira

stomachic,

pomegranate

and

sweet

strengthensthe

being

and

say that

Avicenna

the
especially

bile and

as

appetiteattending pregnancy,
Both

but

praiseit

All

it.

321

condiment

in

de

after

Liquid, usu.)
him, merely state

The

Arabians

treat

it still retains.

of
See

(Cont. 1. ult. i. 695) ; Serapion

(ii,46, 163.)
21

SIMPLES.

322

[book

tii.

PvTTog,
The

Sordes,

from

quantity of

palestra(which

the

of

head

desiccative

call

some

been

the

in

siderable
con-

gris,
verdi-

some

emollient.
the

But

phymata.

sordes

The

sweat.

and

paton), has

which

also

kept, having

unconcocted

discusses

therefore

vessels, in

or

been

oil has

discutient, moderately

is

the

statues

copper

sordes

in

under

described
is said

ears

It

to

cure

whitlows.

Sprengel gives

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

sordes

it to

Suffice

i, 36.)

Dioscor.

palestrse.(Ad

dissertation

long

'
'

sordes
but

gymnasiorum

he

to have

appears

author,

from

statues

of copper,

which

is treated

which

from

the

collected

were

overlooked

it must
rather

or

from
the

of it

account

be obvious

that it

of bronze.

The

by Dioscorides
descriptionwhich

have

we

be

given

wrestlers
and
a

any

passage
that
of

given by

of

soda, flour

with

up

beans,

or

balneorum,

stood
readilyunderin another

substance

other

any

our

from

place

(Vol. I, 68), of the preparatory process which the bathers

It must
have consisted
through before going into the bath.
from
the
and other impuritiesextracted
of human
sweat
mixed

the

cedar,

collected

was

sordes

(i,34), will

of

made

statues

in this

say

of the
from
the bodies
collected
place that it was
of oil, sweat,
in the
dust,
palestra,and consisted
the
skin.
Sprengel, from
powder used for cleansing
of Theophrastus
in the works
(H. P. v, 9), infers

the

on

went

then

skin,

used

in

of the comb
(strigil.)Dioscorides
cleansingthe skin by means
and discutient,and is used as a liniment
says it is heating,emollient,
These
articles are treated of
to fissures and condylomata.
On the sordes palestrse,
in
see
by most of the other authorities.
see
particularGalen. (T. ii,136, ed. Basil.) For the Arabians

(ii,
2, 648), and

Avicenna

Serapion (De Simpl. 169).

^ayairrfvov,
hot

and

agree
CoMM.

cicatrices

the

that

either

tree

the

in the

it is

juice of
and

eyes
never

However,

it is not

Ferula

Persica

but
or

ferula, being

detergent,

disputed,as
was

even

it is
F.

of

sort

so

as

to

suffusions.

been

sagapenum

furnished,

somewhat

ancient

the

modern.

what

is also

It has

Commentary.
aware,

It

attenuate.

with

is the

Sagapen,

Sagapenum,

the

yet

same

well

far

as

we

substance
ascertained

are
as

by

generallysupposed to be
Szoivitsiana.
See
Lindley

SIMPLES.

324

authorities

otlier

CoMM.

o-iye

[book

additional

anv

information

of

vii.

much

'

'

under

interest

'

have

included

this head.

The

it in their

Materia

in

parts, and
the

"

their

the

Medica.

third

also

It

degree.

calefacient

is

consists

and

of

subtile

and our
author
Although Galen
distinguish
from
the Sampsuclms, there
to
seems
no
reason
identity. See Needham
(Ad Geopon. xi, 27) ;

Amaraciis

doubt

the

to

not

appear

is discutient.

Commentary.

CoMM.

Avould

(a species of marjoram),

Sampsuchum
desiccative

Arabians

of

Dioscor.

(iii,
41) ; and
Sprengel (ibid.)
Dioscorides
describes
it [Origamim majjorana)
minutely, and
is drank
^itli advantage in cases
of dropsy,
says its decoction
and tormina
its dried leaves, in a cataplasm vrith.
dysui'ia,
; that
that
in a pessary
it is emsuggillations
honey, remove
; and
Synonymes

lie

menagogue.
to

the

stings

of

and

(ii,2, 466)

They

also in

and

and

eyes,

as

external

an

general

calefacient

Galen

and

Serapiou (c.286)

recommend

it in the

the

cases

hemicrania, vertigo, earache,

Greek

other

Arabians,

Rhases

same

inscredient in

the

For

terms.

application.

flammatio
swellings,in-

as

(Ibid.)

of it in

treat

Aviceuna

i, 439)

the

malagmata.

authorities

it

scorpions, sprains, (Edematous

of
acopa

also recommends

(Cont.
the

as

see

1. ult.

Greeks

in embrocations

and

speak well of the oil of it as an application

of paralysis. The
in cases
of
Celsus
Thymus Cyprius"
down
C.
Bauhin
as
being the Thymus mastichius ;
by

injections. They

also

"

is set
but

it be

whether

Celsus

although
stances,

what

than

certainly

(v,11.)

Quincy

other

any

says

the

maijoram

mentions

Compare
of

the

them

as

of

account

our

in the

marjoram

'

doubtful,

seems

distinct

this

sub-

article

with

Complete English

Dispensatory^ (60.)
Sai'caoa

Sandaracha,

Red

Arsenic,

is

V7J,

possessed of

caustic

powers

like

orpiment.
Commentary.

CoMM.
'

'
"

That

it

was

arsenic,called realgar,namely,
can

shall

admit
have

of

the
"the

orpiment" of Jameson,
Appendix to this section,we

question. In om*
something to say relative
no

sub-speciesof sulphuret of
red

to

the

sandaracha

of

the

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

Dioscorides

Arabians.

the

it has

says

and

(yellow orpiment),

arsenic

325

recommends

in

of

cases

chronic

of

means

linctus

and

of

Celsus

caustic

Oribasius

it in

places

and

application.

the

the

last, or

red

arsenic

the

of

and

610)

j Averrhoes

503)

; Ebn

taken

Galen.

from

under

and

ore

they

mortal

poison.
phagedsenic sores
a

an

inhalation

Sandyx,

in asthma

or

cative powers,
Commentary.
is to say,

not

The
ceruse.

process

Ai-abian
See

says

in the

when

nose

from
1. ult.

esting
inter-

gives an

and

the

yellow,

article

red, that

melted

with

he

and

now

when

certain

Avliite is said

red

i,

(Pract.ii,48,

is the

The

and

same

head

(Cont.

Abbas

of

(ii,2, 48.)

this

yellow

mouth

be

to

recommends

elsewhere,

in
and

as

orthopnoea.

of

parts, and

subtile

has

dcsic-

heating.
that

says

of it under

by

he

arsenic

course

the

and

What

arsenic,namely,
of

and

which

authorities,in

when

is

ceruse

burnt,
See

sandyx. (De Sirapl.ix.)

Pliny (H. N. xxxv, 23.) He

an
equal proportion of rubrica.
the

Galen,

yellow,

Rhases

and

Galen

treats

dry

the

under

yellow

calcined,it becomes

Dioscorides

of

of the

says

Siricon, consists
but

red

disagreeablesmell.
of the

with

white,

last of these

red

white,

The

in

and

Dioscorides.

Haly

The

The

He

become

lose their

43)

v,

tliree kinds

white.

consideration.

calcined
red

the

by

it,that

(v, 121.)

the

further

(i,527.)

descriptionof
red,

See

(Colhg.

Baithar

of

mouth

along

chapter.

same

Serapion also treats of the yellow and

chapter, and
merely gives extracts

the

and

voice,

treats

the

realgar, is

Dioscorides

and

nose

general account
his lists of cleansing and
corroding
often
it
as
a
prescribes
septic and

Avicenna
in

the

by saying

pillfor asthmatics,
give but a very brief

(v, 5, 6),

and

concludes

into

excellent

an

Aetius,

is inhaled

it clears

honey

pitch makes

substances

He

syphon.

with

it.

its steam

when

cough,

in the

'

cond3domata ; and also internally

mulse
resin in
; in fumigations with

with

empyema

externally in

and

exanthemata

other

Comm.

as

'

it

boils,ulcers

hard
alopecia,leprosy,phtliiriasis,

mouth,

general powers

same

calls it burnt
See
the

same

head

as

like manner,
;

Avicenna

treat

'

with

and

scribes
de-

into

of it

comm.

Sprengel.

ceruse,

latter is converted

the

Serapion (c.378)

and

also Alston

also

mixed

ceruse

that

sandyx.
along with

(ii,2, 117.)

From

"

'

SIMPLES.

326

M'hat

CoMM.

has

merely

'
'

Our

Carbo

especiallyspreading ulcers,

cases

as

now

See

Caries

recommends

(i,143.)

was

of the

ulcers,but

to

is the
it in

(ii,2, 617)

Avicenna

Rot

or

it in the

It

recommend

who

Arabians,

Greeks.

the

the

applied,namely,

more

mai'cor

of

Dioscorides, who

ligniis

the

especiallythat

and

account

cases

of

it

ulcers.

same

rum

as

that

seen

tii.

ceruse.

author's

from

is taken

of wood

readily

Wood,

fills humid

and

Commentary.

CoMM.

Carious

lignorum,

cleanses

elm,

it vrill be

peculiarpreparationof

Caries

"

said^then,

been

[book

Ligno-

the

same

Serapiou (c.

48.)
is

Sapo, Soap,

possessed of detergent
The

Commentary.

CoMM.

of

mention

soda, and

from

author,
of

says,

One
and

(Cont.

of

process

sandyx.
alluded

to

of

the

(H. N. xxviii,
composition,prepared
ashes,

recommends
it
He
cleansing clothes.
skin in elephantiasis.
(De Curat. Morb.

for

Ai'abian
in

also

was

as

and

Ebn

soap

the

cutaneous

diseases

and

gives

beard

by

means

ancient

by the classical
subjectis treated

use

authors.
of very

curious

very
of

in

of soap,

is

leprosy
of the
of the

account

mixture

head

(ii,2, 650) ;
Baithar
(ii,
119.)

commends

favus

very

Avicenna

also

this

authorities

further
the

quotes under

abscesses.

applicationto

an

he

i, 609, ii,628)

1. ult.

dyeing

This

invention

an

used

Baithar

Ebn

scalp,

Gallic

makes

calls it

of Baithar's
scabies

believe, who

likewise

an

Ehases

and

suet

applicationto the
Chron.
ii,13.) Serapion praisesit
The
authoritywhich
only Greek
Pavilus.
(De Simpl. 368.) See

as

powers.

we

calls it

He

Pliny.
he

made,

Aretseus

51.)

is

Soap

It is

Gauls.

first

of soap

and

is

Ars.
(0"S"id.

frequently

Amand.

ingeniouslyby

and

iii,

Beckmann

163.)

This

in his

taken
The
author, however, is misHistory of Inventions,^
is no
in the
mention
of soap
in supposing that there
the exception of that work
De
of Galen, with
Simplici'

'

works

bus,' universallyadmitted
makes
which

there

(Meth,
the

Med,

mention
has

never

quently
freGalen
spurious,whereas
about the authenticityof
in works
question. As for example,
any
be

to

of it
been

viii);(De Comp.

latter passage

he

makes

med.

distinct

sec.

loc. T,

mention

ii, 225.)

of Gallic

soap.

In

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

327

^aptcoKoXXn,
Sarcocolla,is the
desiccative

of

tear

without

Persian

therefore

and

pungency,

being emplasticand

tree^

it

agglutinates

Avounds.

to

is not,

Commentary.

There

doubt

ancient

Sarcocol

of

Pencea

that the
the

namely,

gum

its

only

the

external

defluxious
the
sometimes

and

honey

it corrodes

(Cont.

1. ult.

say

i, 617)

Lewis

of Dr.

with
Of

Arabians,

certain

(Ad

that

as

sarcocol

the

characters

opinion.

The

We

works

of

the

saxifrageheld

doubt

Arabians.
a

place

possessingthe virtues
See Quincy (147.)

of

many

from

the

Greeks

to this

no

dismeans

incline

we

this real

be

Galenas
found

to

with

article

the

by

the

deed
inposed
supis

of

work
in

the

ago

years

or

it

on

in

Dispensatory

ascribed

English

our

and
lithontriptic,

it is to

Not

the

as

learned

very

Dioscorides

if

in the

is

name

also

Rhases

diversityof opinion Comm.

contained

is not

say

restores

late

is,therefore, by

of

chapter
It

in

it

its

and

by

Saxifraga, but

that

They

as

it

it

entirelyomitted.

great
It

and

lithontriptic.

shown

derived

authenticity.

Simples.

on

been

has

says

been

and

Pimpi?iella

have

property.
doubtful

it has

Serapion,

(ii,2, 592)

to

fined
con-

Arabians

ear.

in

the

Burnet

character
ancients.

^arvpiov,
Satyrion, or
and

flatulent

Trifolium,
hence

it is

is of
a

humid

'

straining
re-

recommend

Even

'

tions
men-

humours

wounds,

assigned

iv,15.)

Apuleius
to

the

still retained

was

has

Dioscor.

it appears

of

recent

diuretic

Sprengel

it is the

diseases

Avicenna

the

There

respecting it,

crude

joints. They

heals

late years

Commentary.

sertation.

the

the

Thus

purge.

Serapion (c. 15.)

but

Comm.

modern,

Dioscorides

it purges

See

Saxifraga,Saxifrage, is

this

that

distorted.

are

Dispensatory
and

internallyas

putrid flesh,and

parts that
time

it

applicationin

an

as

the

as

applications
;

phlegm, especiallyfrom

gross

same

Sarcocolla,

external

A^dcenna

the

was

slightestreason

and
agglutinating Avounds
(iii,
89.) The Greeks
eyes,

the

administered

Rhases,
with

of it to

use

the

presume,

in

use

on

we

and

provocativeto

hot

temperament,

venery.

Some

say

'

'
*

SIMPLES.

328

that

it

Galeuj in his treatise

which
the

is like

that

says,

have

been

It

trifolium,

wild

cnicus, and

that

the

bite of the

phalangium. or

upon

when

is very

the

but

pregnant

applied to
similar

of those

one

wine

austere

vii.

it becomes

affection

an

by

Commentary.

CoMM.

like the

; but

it induces
bitten

when

hyacinth,

same

with

Theriaca/ says, that

De

poured

the

cures

'

seed

of it is

viper it

'

tlie

spring, has

decoction

drunk

opisthotonoswhen

cures

[book

when

sound

to that

with
the

part^ he

of those

who

creatures.

difficult

to

determine

and

it

'

would

be

useless

mention

varietyof conjectureswhich
have
been
advanced
respectingit. Sprengel inclines to think
that it was
a
speciesof tulip,and suggests that it probably was
the TuVipa Gesneriana.
This is the specieswhich
Dioscorides
further
of Trifolium. The
other
distinguishesby the name
named
by him Erythronhim is probably the Erythronium Dens
this conjecturevery much
A^Tiat confirms
cumstance
Canis.
is,the cirthat liie Dens
Canis is still reputed to be aphrodisiac,
the Erythronium
is reported to be by Dioscorides.
as
(iii^
134.)
See Lindley (Yeg. Kingd. 204.)
Galen
the
same
givesnearly
of it as our
author.
The
Arabians
account
to
scai'cely
appear
distinguishit properly from the orchis, but otherwise
they
of these plants as the Greeks.
characters
See
give the same
Avicenna
2, 706, 707) ; Rhases
(ii,
(Cont. 1. ult. i, 7, 14.)

'

to

Lacerta, the Lizard

in their proper

in

piecesand applied^it
Commentary.

CoMM.
'

'
*

been

by

places.
It

Lacerta

the

the

of

authorities

who

See

as

the

pains
in the

the

East

276.)

the
of

the

an

entu'e

one

bitten

has

treated
been

it may

that
of

Dioscorides, and
it

in

Arabians
also

toothache, and

say

Ebn

have

Baithar

that

ruptures of childi'en. See

complaints
recommend

to

it in

the

all the

bites
of

the

on

indeed

it for the

of

cut

by scorpions.

translation

it,recommend

Greeks, and

been

chapter of Dioscorides
head, along with another

this

The

it is still used

have

the

recommends

xxix, 38.)

cases

of

head

unlikely

not

Avicenna.

treat

and

persons

seems

Gecko.

from

Pliny
(H. N.

When

cures

Saura, is arranged under

effect

liver

(ii,3), where

Sontheimer

same

the

of

the
the

pions.
scor-

eyes.
same

it,that its liver soothes

its urine
AA-icenna

medicinally.

and

blood

are

(ii,2, 639.)

Ainslie

(Mat.

Ind.

ful
use-

In

ii;

hot

Apimn, Parsleij,is
of

seed

especiallythe

long held
ancient

cases

heat

of the

stomach

and

Galen

or

various

is

Commentary.

Garden

food

notice, after what

head

the

hepatic
Simpl.) ;

of

See

congeners.

(CoUig. v,

Intybus and
of the

names

of

it

said

as

an

Endive,

deserving
under

of its congener

generallyheld

was

be

to

(ii, 125)

Comm.

article of

it is not

medicine

have

(ii,2, 229)

not

astringency.

the

Dioscorides

See

AA-icenna

we

It

Cichorium.

medicine.

as

its virtues

Apium,

Cidiorium

treated

have

Book, and

First

for

(iii,
77.)

Averrhoes

some

the

by

known

now

We

Succory.

in the

of much

good

Galen

(De

(Cont. 1. ult. i. 266.)

Rhases

degree, but desiccative

Seriphon, is heating in the second
the
only it is less astringent
first,being like wormwood,

in
and
a

It is

C. EncUvia.

also

It has

comprehends

It

its

venomous

state

it under

'

great

cataplasms ;
to

Comm.

potherb, being considerably

bitterish

in

merely

authorities

diluent.

refrigerantand

or

it is

purposes,

Arabians
treat of
The
general terms.
accurately from
distinguishing it very
A^dcenna
2, 55) ; Serapion (c.290) ;
(ii,
Rhases
42) ;
(Cont. 1. ult. i, 69.)

Seris, Endive,

it in

antidote

medicinal

other

Greek

other

eyes

and

diuretic

as

for

the

of the

in

the

and

that

doubt

uo

recommends

inflammations

for

; and

animals

It is also carminative

little

seems

Dioscorides

characters.

many

promotes the

which
2^^t^'oselmu'm,
Parsley, namely, Apium
in it its
place in our Dispensatory, and retained

Common

the

it

that

degree

it.

There

Commentary.

sucli

to

discharges.

menstrual

and

urinary

329

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

calefacient

more

considera1)le

degree

flowered
same

that

it to

Sea

it is

more

the

Wormwood.

characters

astringent,and

bad

From

Commentary.

fidentlyrefer

than

as

our

it.

It is also

for the

anthelminthic, and

stomach.

Dioscorides^s

descriptionwe

may

con-

Comm.
'

Angl., Droopin(jDioscorides
gives it exactly the
author, namely, that of being bitterish,
Artemisia

maritima,

24.)
good vermifuge, (iii,
than
powerfully anthelminthic

to

Galen
the

says

of

absinthium.

it,

"

"

Arabians

The

CoMM.
'

not

"

found

be

to

and

as

the

Massiliense

notwithstanding
in the

We,

for

refer

to

of

Clusius, Lewis, and

it

Seseli

the

as

quite satisfied

epilepsy

be

to

to

room

of

the

determined
other

article

opinion.

state,

but

same

which,

important

an

difference

not

has

is the

(iii,
53), about

The

clined
in-

were

authority
to

us

nise
recog-

specieswe are
BiqjJeurum fniticosum and Ligusticum

tortuosum.

Compare

Peloponnesiacum.

with

doubt

no

Laserpitium Siler;

Sprengel

the

are

held

have

we

the

it to

be

can

is considerable

which

reasons

IS

Celsus.

It agrees

Dioscorides

of

]\Ied.,there

INIat.

there

being long

its

It

author, it will be remarked, gives only

Our

Seseli

and

Hippocrates

is also diuretic.

and

speciesof Seseli,which

one

of

absinthium.

the

with

VII.

the root,
Saxifrage (?) or Hariwort
;
fruit, is considerably heating with

Meadoio

Commentary.
'

along

works

especiallythe

more

CoMM.

it

in the

tenuity of parts,
and orthopnoea.
*

of

treat

Seseli^Hard

'

[book

SIMPLES.

330

ad

Sprengel

two

(1. c.) with

Dioscor.

80.) Dioscorides
represents the first
Gray (Suppl.to the Pharm.
species as being a diuretic,expectorant, and uterine medicine.
He
other
he

it

says

animals

merelv

they

that

the

can

Celsus
in

of

Simpl. 190.)
the

sums

the

are

shut
in

and
;

asthma

seseli held

latter

celebrated

merely

antidote

Averrhoes

Aben

Mesuai,

degree ;

up

The

its cliaracters

up

second

phlegm,

\irtues.

same

of

mentions

it

as

an

^lithridates.

(Ibid.)
additional
information
little or no
respectingit in
See Avicenua
the Arabians.
(ii,
2, 626) ; Rhases

find

works

(v, 23.)

(Cont. 1. ult. i, 654)

thus

species,

two

racters
merely give the general chaterms
the
first species,in nearly the
same
as
our
is
the
of
Sil"
Apicius (c.34),
This, beyond dispute,

ingredient
AYe

other

possessed of the

are

goats and

to

"

author.
of

but

Oribasius

Galen, Aetius, and

and

not

assist

to

says

of

only to women,
parturition. Of the

given

was

cuts

and

(Collig.v, 42) ; Serapion (De

of
one
Serapion^s authorities,
it is hot
dissolves

therefore

opens

all the

provokes

urine

and

all cold

and

place in

Quincy (158),and

our

of Lewis

and

the

in

dry

-s-iscid and

pores

and

menstrua

(ii,366.)

as

late

as

end

of

congealed

passages

pituitousailments.

Dispensatory

the

which

and

is beneficial

The

seeds

of

times

of

the

All

Commentary.
c

it

acknowledge

avithorities

tlie

vii.

the

as

MM

"

"

[book

SIMPLES.

332

of

India.

it

forms

He

This

bites

of

it

among

of it

it for the

Seps (which
in wine

'

'

"

cures

c.

have

an

who

Serapion

Greeks, and

as

suggillations.

Chalcidic

the

been

have

Lizard),
by it.

bitten

by Aristotle.
^u'yi'ic

got the

has

great

of

name

when

viii^

(H. A.

Zyynis

tr'idachjla.

(Polyhistor.
it, Ictus sepium putredo sequitur.^-'

the

Mat.

it treated

of

any

of

the

Arabian

rities
autho-

merely gives
(ii,199.)

this head,

under

Aetius, but

by

Baithar, who

except Ebn

Med.

Dioscorides

from

by

from
literally

taken

briefly noticed

is

It

it is

of

account

(ii,72.)
found

extract

those

count
ac-

(Cont. 1. ult.
(i,254.) They

the

as

same

"

not

on

called

author's

Our

40.)

Dioscorides.
we

it

says of

Solinus

have

See

it

of it at

Baithar

Ebn

and

It is called

hence

23), and

recommends

Rhases

of

(i, 41, ii, 121)

treat

purposes

same

fissures

some

Commentary.

CoMM.
'"

(Collig.v, 42)

good applicationto

drunk

(ii,2, 642)

oil in

inflammations

of medicine.

and

article of food

Averrhoes

all recommend

Arabians

The

from

the

givenearly the

Aetius

and

Avicenna

and

plant

emollients, and

his

author.

our

as

length,both as an
(De Simpl. 86) ;
i, 650)

the

animals, "c.

Galen

hepatic,(iv,8.)

an

both

venomous

corn

condensed

is

complaints, including burns,

ranks

Celsus
as

the

fact

in

it

summer

procured from it,and that

burns.
(H. N. xviii, 22 ;

to

recommends

external

eyes,

of

the

it among

oil is

an

account

Dioscorides, -who

the

that

says^

good application

xxii, 64.)
various

ranks

Pliny

orientale.

Sesamum

"

"

2toXoi',
Saliva; that of

detergent

and

cutient
children

when

the

in

destructive

to

it.

with

animals

venomous

it.

wheat

hypopion.

removes

the

away

with

anointed

are

particularlydis-

is

state

clears

applied along

It

those

fasting

it therefore

parts

when

furunculus

masticated

in

men

It

which

It
that

also

cocts
con-

has

been

is likewise
prove

of

lichen

most

fatal

to

men.

Commentary.

CoMM.
^""^

"

'

perties of
elaborate

Saliva

Our
is

author's

abridged

on
disquisition

the

account

from

virtues

of the

medicinal

Galen, who
of it.

Phny's

gives

proa

statement

very
is

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

fuller^but

contains

333

superstitiousnotions.

many

(H. N.

(c. 447.)
Serapion copies from Galen,
eruptionsand
pally as an applicationto cutaneous

'

"

It

71.)

xxviii,Comm.
princi-

was

"

that tlie

sores

of saliva_,
and it would
use
to
physicians made
appear
Dr. Thomson,
ill adapted to that purpose.
in his work
not
it :
Saliva has a
on
Chemistry, has the following remarks

ancient
be

"

on

it readily from
for oxj'gen, absorbs
the air, and
affinity
gives it out again to other bodies ; hence, in all probability,
the reason
useful
that saliva is a
of the
applicationto sores

great

skin.

Galen

several

and

Dogs
remedy, and

with

contends

animals, and

other

much

animals

advautage.^^ (Book

strongly that

appealsto

human

Nicander

ascribe

(ii,2, 599, 613)

Galen.

Rhases

These

(i,144.)
that

(Cont.

saliva
tantam

eos

treated

astringent.

of. The

Commentary.
Materia
See

This

]\Iedica which

Parkinson

Dioscor.)

The

first

set

already treated
down

The

anum.

times,
the
See
So
not

as

the

as

of.

The

Sanyuisorha

reputation which

Hill

(Mat.

authorities,
"

viper.

Non

also

is like to

Helxine, has
it,but

more

fluxes.
the

articles

in the

ancient

of

Dioscorides, namely,
of

Helxine
other

two

we

and
officinalis
the
to

latter has
us

of the

our

author, and

would

has

Roberti-

enjoyed

in modern

strongly confirmatoiy
of the

of

ancients.

Rhizotomi.

i, 404.)
(Mat. Med.
407) and Lewis
the Robcrtianum
is
article as
important an
of the Greek
and
escaped the observation

Apuleius

says

that

the

Latins

call

it

'

'

hesitatingly

Geranium

siderites

Comm.

the

Med.

striking and
likelyto have

Arabian

from

copy

determined.
satisfactorily
Plants, pluries)and Sprengel (Ad

the

vulnerary,appears
opinion that it was
one
as

the

to

Baithar

been

never

species

same

Arabian

Ebn

ancient

litem

of

one

than

more

Sideritis
with

(Theatre of

Ilerculia,is the
been

is

has

i, G02)

Heraciean, called

Achillean

the

of

particularAvicenna

all the

componere

it agrees

Hence

in

is destructive

Sideritis,Iromvort, the
been

1. ult.

opposition to

human

inter

nostrum

it. See

to

All

to

venomous

instance

an

alone.

all,in fact, do little

Redi, in

denies

saliva

this virtue

is destructive
of this

seen

this

ii,sect. 13.)

c.

v,

saliva

having

to

recourse

in confirmation

opinion. He further mentions

scorpionbeing killed by human
authorities

have

'

SIMPLES.

334

Dioscorides

Ferraria.

CoMM.
"

[book
it

commends

medicine.

vulnerary

as

vii.

'
*

Galen

does

the
in

application
We

works

of the
have

they

Ferrum,

imparts

discovering

entirely overlooked

It^on

when

it.

the
that

is

in

still

744.)

Garden.

it.

to

it in

burnet

The

power

female

belief

the

to

frequently extinguished

considerably desiccative

and
of

(Encycl.of

Loudon

See

gardens.

astringent

an

traces

incline

we

as

dysentery,

hemorrhage,

Arabians, although

in

praises it

further

difficultyin

not

cultivated

of

cases

find

flux.

and

same^

it

water

When

drunk,

therefore, it agrees with affections of the spleen. But, if extinguished

tions,
in wine, it is useful
in cseliac and
dysenteric affeccholera, and

resolution

CoMMEi^TARY.

CoMM.

from

Our

Dioscorides.

hence

it

autlior's

He

stops the

erysipelasand
the

thickens
our

author

has

been

of it

of

says

Calefit

alopecia;
virtues

the

ferro

N.

chalybeate

in

water

Aurelianus

mentions

(Chron. i, 4.)
for diseases

of

See
Hhases

1. ult.

present head.
is to

both

styptics.

Pliny. (H.

295.)

The
say,

made

weapons

aerugo

of

steel

were

internally
See
N.

full

and

account

xxxiv, 66.)

with

remedies
a

for

wonderful

ferri

entirelyfrom
;

says

commends

(Comp. 146.)
almost

iron

vitiis,privatim

Celsus

calls it

what

manner,

The

Arabians

Cselius

epilepsy.
remedy
borrow
rides.
Diosco-

2, 247)
(ii,

Avicenna

They give nothing originalunder

aTOfifojua,

steel.

gout, and

spleen, (iv,9.)

the

Serapion (De Simpl. 403)

(Cont.

iron, that

of the

it

heated

like

multis

xxxiv, 4i.)

Largus

bladder.

the

Pliny, in

among

Scribonius

of the

account

it

in

it

whitlow,

condylomata

in which

in

vinegar

for

concludes

he

aqua,

enlargement

with

liniment

and

taken

drunk

when

useful

and

of water

candente

dysentericis.^'(H.

their

useful

mostly

astringes, and

along

it is very

extinguished, (v, 93.)

"

vero

the

in

in

eyelids,

is

gums,

hairs

the

the

ferri

pessaries,and

rubbed
;

is

oi Iron

serugo

in

exanthema

pterygia, asperities of
strengthens

flux

when

stomach.

account

the

says

female

prevents impregnation
cures

of the

The
much

according
scales
used

by
as

Pollux, is hard
of

rust

or

externally,
of their

to

the

the

ancient

edges of

cians,
physi-

astringents

medicinal

and

propertiesin

SIAIPLES.

HI.]

SECT.

ia

diluent

and
soothes

Cucumber

the

Cucumis,

the

order, and

first

leaves

We

have

and

the

of

That
The

But

body.

the

juice of

of it

incisive,

desiccative

prove

The

flesh

the

clears

weaker.

but

and

is cooling

green,

detergent

Elaterium.

emollient,

Commentary.

is

root

elaterium, but

to

discutieut,and

and

detergent.

is called

is like

seed

urine, and

of

seed

more

cucumber

wild

the

degree

The

discharge

dried, both

when

second

inflammations.

hot

promotes

the

esculent, when

the

S35

in

the

fruit of the

the
is

root

and

root

detergent,

juice is desiccative.

the

stated

already

than

more

that

once

Comm.
'

the

Greeks

species of

several

to

the

of

2.

the

appliesit here
its

medicinal

calls

the

along
and

with

useful

bites

of

given by

when

of

to

the

pion (De Simpl. 143)

modern
cold

seeds

The

(ii,300.)

See

Elaterium,
used

by

or

the

all

and

impetigo, and
under

and

its leaves

an

external
as

an

and

they

and

physicians
it had

Lewis

from
that

like.
a

Of

medicine

Dioscorides

roots, the

it

held

juice of

of

one

it is the

our

greater

Med.

i, 380.)
much

was

downwards.
durable

known

to

of

of

retain

we

lichen, scabies,

have

treated

section, and
he

other

as

of the

account

in

Sera-

Baithar

the

most

cases

which

applicationin leprosy and

hydragogue and cholagogue

given internallyas

was

gives an

the

place in

Hippocrates

in this

of

Ebn

(Mat.

it,however,

count
ac-

is, therefore,

cucumber,

It

same

are

treating of the

actuallybeen

years.

v.ine,

characters

are

as

wild

bladder,

(ii,3, 89)

long

ranked

the

affirm

with

Avicenna

applied externallyin

the

(64.)

of

of

the

(Collig.v, 43) ;

were

of

Dioscorides

of

the

with

cucumber

hundred

elaterium, as

in Book

fruit

that

for two

hydragogue,

and

Averrhoes

Pliny

medicines, and

its virtues
a

See

sume,
pre-

account

give the

masters

other.

Quincy (107)

ancient

Thcophrastus

it up

when

of the

the

Arabians

Grecian

Dispensatories,and
seeds.

The

we

moderately diuretic,

cataplasm

discover

His

Galen.

from

applied

was

author,

in ulcerations

well

dogs.
their

Our

sativus

evidently mix

impossible

and

one

Cucumis

leaves, in

its

it, but

as

almost

the

Latins

sativus.

Cucumis

answering

must

in the

gourd,

of

that

of

the

the

fruits.

summer

qualitiesis abridged

seed

says

to

of

Cucumis

or

dropsy.

Galen

poison
virtues

recommends

cutaneous

fully

as

diseases,
treats

336

of them

CoMM.
'

"

SIMPLES.

'

its

iu

suitable

it

(c. 204)

Rhases

Abbas

authorities

kills the

foetus.

of

the

recommends

it

giA'es a

which

he

wild

1. ult.

143)
;

Averrhoes

Ebn

Baithar

in

great
in

is

interesting account

very

describes

being

as

wild

application

colic.

named

by

of

the

wild

and

bitter

sharp

more

cucumber

Abbas

Haly

paralysis and

Arabian,

an

One

(ii,
210.)

in headaches.

use

Serapion

external

an

says

all parts

(Collig.v, 42);

the

pessary

says

Cucumis

of

treat

of them

purge

authorities

Serapion^s
who

(ii,2, 177)

says, that

the

Aviceuna

is of
as

cases.

is

See

Another

head

It

vii.

RuiFus

who

(Pract. ii,54, 567)

of Rhases's

it to

(Cont.

author.

om'

Arabiaus,

great length.

at

Haly

dropsical

to

asiniuus, of the

sen
sylvestris,

of

general terms_, like

more

is

root

[book

of

One

him

Habix,

cucumber,
than

the

gourd.

2/AXvpo!',
Sillyburri,is
but

edible.

honeyed

"

'
"

"

known

the

to

Milk-thistle

See

Plants, 976.)

as

the

says
Our

author's

Xone

it,that

omitted

it

works

of the

be

the

in

our

altogether,and

to

Carduus

to

Though

64.)

Pharmacop.

describes

the

deobstrueut,

An

Carduus
and

ii,157.)

It

well

with

agi*ee

shops

it

of the

that

be

to

admitted

of the

it be

the

has

long

apothecaries.

See

authority of
as

find

treated
it

hold

to

it

appear

to

(supposing
that

tion
descrip-

Galen

plant

ceased

Pliny

(iv,156.)

distinct

able

be

jST.xxvi, 25.)

Dioscorides

been

not

article

eminent
Marise

(H.

it to

its virtues.

this

would

remedy

must

xxxvi, 25.)

bile.

more

it

acknowledging

Plin.

of

or

unless

Marianus)

the

in

(Theatre

makes

any

have

we

Arabians,

Dispensatory,

unknown

itself

plant

Common

or

Parkinson

from

with

totallyun-

Avas

Harduin

(Ad

give

drunk

Marise,

juice evacuates

authorities

other

of the

the

Italians.

of it is taken

Serapion. (c.305.)
to

Carduus

it

(Lectures) and

its concrete

of

that

Gaertn.

charaseleon,

is emetic.

drachm,

the

Alston

character

of the
either

the

it not

white

it,when

Sprengel joins Lobelius

Marie

of

of

admits

Sillybinn mariamim,

Cardo

the

root

of

amount

Is

of

the

the

Matthiolus

him.

to

of

juice

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

The

water

like

thorny shrub,

has
it in
of

by

actually
a

place

is not

his

wholly
Gray (Suppl.
day, Crantz,

being sudorific,diuretic,and

ill-conditioned
that

Silhjbum

this
as

(Mat.

sores.

character

given by

Med.

does

Dioscorides.

not

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

337

Silurus, the Shad-fish,pickled and

when

in

humid

Commentary.

meuto,

Artedi

it, Silurus

calls

yXai'ic(Aristot.)
; glanus

"

it is called
of

article
medicine
that

Sihinis

food

in

in the

cims

quatuor in

glanis (Plin.)
Angl.
;

et

its brine

clystersit

is useful

of

exception of Ebn
it from

both

Blatta
entrails

and

It is

Dioscorides
of the

Silphium
facient

or

of the

and

the works
to

It has

the

identityof
of

Treating

the

is intermediate

(iii,
85.)

make

much

said

of

between

assafcetida

of

ancient

tliat

sagapenum,

juice,that

attractive

in Duncan's

and

us

that

the

one

the

of the

cale-

"

says,

some

in

question

Comm.
'

'
*

assafoetida.

our

in

smell

it

juice of silpliiura.'^

^latcria
kind

]\Iedica,it is

of middle

place

galbanum.'' (Sixth edition,387.)

Its

foetida,
assajuice,or gum-resin, was
IMedian
juices, already
Cyrenaic and
'

III.

'

passage

is to say, its concrete

which

"

also

It has

he

Pliny Comm.
(ii,
38.)

When
indigestible.
active,"ind especially

quitedecisive
silphium and

it holds

of

excellent

an

powers.

Edinburgh
"

the

of it.

account

more

gum-resin, sagapenum,
between
galbanum and

Now,

to

earache.

orientalis.

is of itself

the

in

able

of earache,

cases

long .appearedto

of Dioscorides

that

shops, the

cure

Blatta

it in

applied externallyto the body it is

juice,being possessed of
purgative property.

hip-bath,

bakers^

in

medicine; but it is also flatulent and

its

of it

Arabians, with

pounded,

evidentlythe

authorities

found

""^

an

as

says

been

not

Laserpitium, Lasei^ivort,is

Commentary.

also
as

as

it

pretty full account

authorities,
(ij245.)

also recommend

other

have

gives

moth

boiled

which, when

We

works

Arabian

the

Pistrina, or
of

(ii,29.)

it

surface, and

the

to

Baithar, who

Commentary.

None

defluxion

of

recommends

dysenteric affections

Comm.
'

ment
arrange-

treated

author, and

our

it in the

Greek

have

Dioscorides
as

in

sciatica,

cures

account

any

I.

cases

the

We

glanis.

Book

same

by determining

as

sharp

extracts

Sheat-fish" (Descr. spec, pise.) In the Linnsean

"the

and

it

cataplasm

of wood.

weapons

find

In

state.

eaten, clears the trachea

22

SIMPLES.

338

treated

CoMM.
'

'
"

the

of

by

juice

all treated

are

that

offensive

it,the
the
for

Median

the

whereas,

when

smell.

He

stalk.

He

Syrian
of

says

efficacious

most

it

tasted
and

in

eyes,

animals,

as

of

the

as

juice,then

and

of

catarrhs, pleurisy,jaundice, and

frankincense,

pepper,

short, in
before

great

time

his

the

Latin

authors.

used

in

in

foinided, however,

for the

venomous

callus ; in

affections,and

cseliac

But

introduced

been

laser

most

part

plaints.
com-

vict.

in

laserpitiumof the
(iv,2) ; Pliny (H. N.
encomium

the

on

the

and

elaborate

an

long

other

ratione

de

in

into

procidentiaand

particularCelsus

latter passes

the

of

cynanche,
rigors,along with

in

Fistulis ;

indisputablythe

See

The

xxii,49.)

had

Hippocrates (De
It is

acut., "c.)

and

and

complaints, (iii,
84.)

silphium

then

tonsils, in

the

in

of

bites

of

internally,

diseases

corns,

dropsy ;

wine,

other

many

practiceof medicine,
See

and

parts

leaves, and

in

the

an

more

different

the

purposes,

most

breath,

have

externallyand

it,both

bronchi,

the

and

of the

He

is the

Cyrenean

weaker,

are

applicationto
applicationto gangrene,

an

affections

the

it.

of

abstract

an

it,that

is the

recommends

toothache,

leaves, and

scarcely affects

great variety of medicinal

vit.

by Dioscorides, in his chapter on

of them
given so full an account

of

he has
Silphium, wherein
that
dare
we
scarcelyventure
upon
varieties
of
the
of
the
juice,that
says

fragrant,so

stalk, the

The

varieties.

were

us,

[book

it,

upon

of Dios-

contents

corides's

it the identityof
chapter on the Silphium. From
the Greek
laser is clearlymade
out.
silphion and the Roman
Passing by Galen, Aetius, and Oribasius, who
supply nothing
very

interesting on

See

Avicenna

Assa
^drtues
rides.
used

A^dcenna

Laser, namely,

of which
He

in the

eructations

we

savs

he

turn

now

Rhases

foetida

two

and

gives in nearly the

distinctly that

the

1. ult.

i, 50)

the

same

fetid

or

of

odorifera,

terms

as

kind

black
as

others

as

bad.

One

of

the
the

Dioscois not

procm'ing

proving

machic.
sto-

them, Habix,

mentions

Ebn

the Arabian
disagreement among
authorities
of Serapion regarding the \drtues of the assa, some
of them
and liver,and
representingit as good for the stomach
appears

to be

Ai'abians.

varieties

He
cooking of food.
praises them
and
acting as carminatives, and as

There

the

(Collig.v, 42) ;

describes
the

to

(Cont.

Averrhoes

Simpl. 251) ;

(i, 84.)
seu

head^

(ii,2, 9, 52, 474)

Serapion (De
Baithar

this

that

it

was

SIMPLES.

340

633)

CoMM.

[book
The

Serapion (De Simpl. 290.)

describes

latter

vii.

it

as

'

"

speciesof

"

wliieh

apium

in water.

grows

^'icrapov,
Garden

Sisarum,

It

subtile
to

is

third

order.

with

The

discutient.

powerfully

aflFected

persons

machic
sto-

and

hiccough

in wine.

Commentary.

CoMM.

and
particles,

is,therefore, given

tormina,
"

of

consists

the

in

is

boiled,

root, when

the

diuretic,being heating

and
seed

Parsnip

It is the Pastinaca

saliva

Garden

or

Parsnip,

'

to

be

the

same

but
nifje/Ia,

as

Galen

of

bitterness

siser

of

and

from

Dioscorides
From

(ii,2, 652.)
it will be

the

but

held,

must

we

that

rank

with

this

Sisymbrium,
is Hke

'
*

the

of

Wild

and

from

been

to

generally

this

it is

that

73), which
(iii,
in

join Sprengel
fear

we

the

in

must

we

ancient

When

the

species
to

sium,

and

also

because

Cardamine,

dried, it belongs

discutients

the

to

it
first

but

when

of

his

first

speciesthat

that

it

in

humid

second.

calamintha

(Index

follow

articles

called

Mint,

calefacients

resembles
into

has

article

it is tiot the

that

as

undetermined

of this

given

dehberation, then,

mature

Dioscorides

Commentary.

CoMM.

would

treatingof it,copy

scarcelyprepared

are

Cardamus.

the

state, to the
"

It

in his

places it

hold

Skerret,

the

Medica.

Materia

order

we

After

admitting.

have

authorities

be

particular Avicenna

in

we

degree

certainlyto

in

table,
pala-

appetite,

certain

of Dioscorides
eXo^o'/Soa/coc

the

say

See

it is

the

of whom

Arabians,

Sisarum,

Parsnip.

with

identical

latter

account

recent

Sinm

the

The

It appears

Galen.

the

that

seen

as

same

and

of

mistake.

it,that

calefacient,with

Celsus, the

(ii,31.)

list of diuretics,

of

it is said

be

to

seem

whetter

astringency.

and

Pliny

and

it is

says

of Rhases

brieflysays

diuretic,

stomachic,

translation

this would

Dioscorides

(Contin. xxxvii.)

(ii,139.)

the

In

according to Sprengel.

"

of

gai'denmint,
or

wild

and

no

other

states

It would

Stackhouse

mint.

be

PJiny

mint.

Theophrastus.)
can

says

The

inclines

other,

than

the

called

degenerates
then,

appear,

this

to

also

Nasturtium

it

to

be

opinion.

cardamine

officinale.

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

Dioscorides

former

of the

says

calculus,tormina, and

gury,

and

certain

applicationto
like

terms

as

the

by
the

other

diseases
of

treats

manner,

of

carelessness

specieshe

descriptionof

the

Scammony,

has

'""'"'

cataplasm

and

wasps

bees,

recommends

the

as

former

transcribers,is given under

terms

Comm.

an

(ii,155.) Galen,
speciesin nearly the same

two

to

these

they apply

in

in stran-

skin,

The
preceding article,Sisarum.
sisymbrium and the nasturtium,

the

that

stingsof

of the

the

author, whose

our

in the

it is useful

and

singultus;

His

stops vomiting.

in

tliat
species^

headache, is useful

it reheves

341

treat

it is not

substances

same

the

Arabians
but

species,
head

of

both

of

clear

that

Dioscorides

as

does.

Scammonia,
and

juice

of

discusses

matters,

drunk,

diseased

acts

Commentary.

be

supposes

is called

ZIik^vkojumvoq

make

to

All

(i,10.)
which

mention

the
of

remarks, that
and

Celsus

in other

collection.

doubt

it does

This

the

stomach
the

the

is

an

The

last
says

distant
and

liver.

of

these

scammony

parts

of

ander,
Alex-

authorities

the

stomach

intestinal
in the

Arabians

of it at

is

worm,

Hippocratic
treat

of very

(ii,
2, 628) ;

Aviccnna

Abbas

purges

(Pract. ii,54, 554)

very

bile,

Ebn
;

Baithar

great length.

attracts

humours

the

Avicenna

stomach, liver,and

Arabian

(Collig.v, 42)

writes

'

occurs

the

Serapion (Do Simpl. 303)

Averrhoes

Comm.

scammony

^uKpvSiovby

broad

the

Haly

The

when

answer

article which

Scam-

powerful purgative,
Marcellus
rectly
Empiricus cor-

(iv,17.) It also

(De Simpl. i) ;
Abbas

not

prescribes it for
cases,

and

it is

that
bile.

and

(Cont. 1. ult. i,612)

from

and

species,which

farinosus, L.

C.

it,state

Rhases

Haly

Convolvulus

another

Greek, Latin, and

See

(ii,27.)

describes

the

fully.
Mesne

when

embrocation

an

headaches

it is the

by Nicander,

phlegm

evacuates

Aveak.

As

foetus

likewise

Sprengel

who

as

Without

Dioscorides

monia.

the

purgative both by itself and in

Boiled
Avitli vinegar and
it is applied
barley-floiu',
hip-joints.

decoction.
to

leprosy.
chronic

especiallythe

more

kills

phymata,

applied in a pessary, and removes

with vinegar and
rose-oil,it cures
root, when

cussing,
properties of heating, dis-

bilious

clearingaway

it, which

the

heart.

body, but is injiu-iousto the

and
Serapion agree that it hurts
They

also

state

that

it is

342

SIMPLES.

purgative,but

CoMM.

different

in

not

one

general

of

preparations

it

activity. They recommend

of leprosy,scabies, and
cases
of

Serapion^s Arabian
of the

from

20

that

small

doses, it

it

bowels

at

fatal.

Mesne

In

is said
An

they

may

and

of

kinds

of

the

visceral

in the

this

its

Scandix

Scincus,

acrid

Ebn

Skink

of

the

of Crocodilus

of

pri^y

the

much

choice

bad

of

qualities

diuretic,and

and

removes

Skink

of it that

same

about

is

was

of the Arabians

as

the

I.

character

infers

from

and

of

treat

kidneys
The

to

de-

it,with

our

seed

of

to

lettuce,

them

counteract

ten

and

drunk

are

and

honey.
animal,
to

lizard,

inches
the

He

antidotes
of the

it give it the

same

name

mends
recom-

concludes
;

and,

famous

in

officinalis

crocodile,and

author.

composition

under

is Scincus

name

land

like

twelve

Gesner

ingredient in
notice

Galen

beheve,

from

calls it

in the

his

it is diuretic

small

by Hay

complaints as
an

takes

member.

crocodile,and

it is

in Book

potherb

(ii,
23.)

te^^restris. Its Linnaean

principaluse

Such

is

we

of lentils with

described

was

it in the

its

with

of any

(ii,1G7.)

Arabians,

algeriensis.Dioscorides

saying

in

prove

potherb, heating

bitter,that

parts

The

shape
It

the

decoction

the

length.
or

it is

the

may

and

about

author

Avater, is supposed

Commentary.
'

of

authorities

remarks,

of this

Our

Baithar.

of the

with

drunk

likewise
CoMM.

dose

acting upon

length

It

treated

and

of the

erection

occasion

have

Dioscorides.

None

exception of

when

without

wild

order.

australis.

from

plant

obstruent.

We

being sHghtly

the

tion
descrip-

obstructions.

It is the
of

"

second

Commentary.
'

the

One

possess.

desiccative

CoMM.

says

correction

Scandix, Shepherd' s-needle, is

'

minute

directions

it,and

of

application in

of Rhases^s

great

minute

degrees

very

Avicenna

it at

as

bloody discharges,but

diuretic

overdose,

treats

different

He

vii.

upon,

diseases.

cutaneous

of it.

be

to

judgment, giving very

the

external

an

gives a

off biUous

depended
different

large doses, one

brings

all.

as

other

varieties

grs.

states

it

be

to

with

act

authorities

different

to

[book

in

by
fact,

Theriaca.

medicinal

cha-

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

racter

is

Greeks, that

the

as

of

account

it.

In

skink

the

East
See

Ainslie

Ind.

as

desiccative

and

it roasted

to take

by Hippocrates, and was

physicians. Dioscorides's
is

like that

so

His

given

that

in

till the

oven

an

tender

stomach,

descriptionof

the

the

take

fibrous

of

the

latter

roots

is

It is better

urine, such
the

of

as

the

squillis

floats

coughs, asthma,
that it is alexipharmic.(ii,
202.) Celsus
scilla cocta," as in tympanites and
in

He

anasarca,

described, in

of it

the
the

the

on

also

hard

squill

rendered

cases

soft

requiring
of the

stomach,
says

of it

(iii.) It is
word, by all the

Arabian, in the

and

Roman,

pensatory,^
Dis-

frequently prescribes

"

and

and

bake

it in

food

much

London

dropsies,diseases

as

ancient

squillin paste of

then

Comm.

baking squills
'

skin

outer

grow

the

translation

the

"c.

frequentlyrecommended

of

of the

recommends

He

in which

cases

class of

same

Aetius
(i); Oribasius
Simpl. viii)
;
(Med. Coll. 12) ; Apuleius (De Herbis) ; Columella
(De R.
Rust, xii,33) ; Serapion (De Simpl. 304); A^acenna
(ii,
2, 590) ;

cases.

Rhases
Baithar

Galen

and

Squill contains

edition

jaundice, chronic

See

disiac.
aphro-

It is mentioned

the process

paste is dry, and

authorities,Greek,

and

order.

medicine

chapter on

throughout,"
those

without

powers,

inaritima.

favorite

may

copious evacuation

in

Scilla

flour, having first separated the

which

second

in Pemberton^s

one

part, from
and

incisive

coctio,the baking of squills.Inclose

"Scillce
wheat

restorative

of

the

in

It is the

matter.

teresting
in-

boiled.

or

Commentary.

valuable

is

(De

(Cont. 1. ult. i, 680); Mesne

(De Simpl. vi); Ebn
(ii,
216, 309) ; Averrhoes
(Collig.v, 42) ; Haly Abbas

(Pract. ii,43).
and

in

dropsy

jaundice
and

and

as

It is

given, he

diuretic

tormina

spittingof

of

Serapion^saccount

full.
particularly

blood

'

ii,278.)

Squilla,the Squill, is possessed

calefacient

'

(Contin. 1. ult. ii,681.)

uses.

is still eaten

(Mat.

and

gives a lengthy
briefly notices it

Rhases

of its medicinal

Comm.

say,

latter

The

saying anything
the

they represent it to be
particularAvicenna
2, 596)
(ii,

to

in

stronglyaphrodisiac. See
and
Ebn
Baithar
(ii,
32.)

343

of the
;

and

as

bowels
for

its medicinal
as

says,

remedy
;

for

an

laxative

for
old

cleansing the

properties
in

fevers,

indigestion,for
cough, asthma,
breast

of

gross

SIMPLES.

344

humours.

CoMM.
'

It is to be

avoided,

[book
when

lie says,

there

is

vii.

ulcer

an

'

in

internal

any

and

vinegar
urine.

Columella

which

is

Mesue

receiptfor

useful, he

says,
ad

ad

''

other

veterem, tussim

for

asthma,
He

melancholy.
of the

in

in

of

Arabian.
under

the

treats

the

latter.

his wonted

the

epilepsy,and

the

it to be

forbids

Baithar

gives

and

scilla

in

it in diseases

He

Ebn

teeth,and

gums,

in

jaundice.

separatelyof

He

commends
re-

of it with

coughs;

viscera.

and

for this and

preceding authorities, both

from

extracts

and

(1.c.)

syrup

commends
particularly

dropsy

refi-

corpus

stomachum."

the

treats

all inveterate

and

ulceration

copious

and

by

scilliticum,

ad

expectorant,

an

complaints of

it in

moreover

spleen,and

used

as

Avicenna

recommending

mouth;

it

purposes.

vinum

et ad

vinegar,the oxymel,

medicinal

accuracy,

making

^dth

along

it evacuates

concoquendum,

particularlycommends
the

it

that

adds,

He

dropsy.

givesa

ciendum, itemque

See

in

honey

recommends

Apuleius

part.

very

Greek

and

pancratium.

S/CoAoTTiVSpa,
Scolopendra
rubbed

upon

the

boiled

scolopendra, when

sea

part, acts

as

oil

burnt

When

depilatory.

in

it

and
sions
occa-

pruritus.
See

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

"
"

Aphrodite

All

aculeata.

it for the

Book

same

V.

the

The

author.

our

as

notice

who

authorities

purposes

scolopendra is

sea

it

the

mend
recom-

Dioscorides

See

(ii,16.)

S/CoXoTTiVSptOI',
the

Scolopendrium,

asplenium.

as

It is the

Commentary.

CoMM.

same

Ceterach.

Asplenium

under

See

Asplenium.
'^KoXvf.lOQ,
Scolymus,
of the

Golden

CoMM.

of the

order.

second

wine, brings
smell

Thistle,is

off

root

quantity of

fetid

armpits

Theophrastus (H.
scarcelyentertain

southern

and

of the

From
P.

Spanish

the

vi, 4),
doubt

Cardoons,

parts of

calefacient

The

Commentary.

or

an

Europe.

it,

urine,

whole

when

and

Dioscorides
it

the

was

esculent

cine
medi-

boiled
cures

the

with
fetid

body.

descriptions

and

that

of

desiccative

and

it

given by

(iii,14), one

can

Scolymus Hispanicus,

root, well

Compare

of

known

Sprengel (Ad

in

the

Dioscor.

SIMPLES.

111.]

SECT.

345

with

(Hist, of

Lindley (Veg. King. 709), and

under
Invent,
Articlioke). Dioscorides

tlie

acceunt

iii,14)

same

Galen

elaboratelyof

writes

the

properties,are
been

not

unless

able

it be

(Cont. 1.
a

to

same

the

to

The

Cynara
We

Scolymus,

have

treated

Volume,

of

Greeks.

Salmasius

Arabians

are

confirmed

with

Avicenna

referred

Scordium,

Water

and

menstrual
with

heats

Germander.

for

its

Galenas

in
seem

See

have

Avicenna

degree.

that

the

with

the

2.

of

varied

therefore

at

the

the

which

had

wounds,

cleanses

of

the

powers,
time

same

urinary
been

and

of

the

by

Compare
Dr.

have

Hill.

got

scorodon

confounded

the

powers,

its medicinal
to

is

Teucrium

commends

ulcers.

stated

Garlic,

cultivated.

belief

clearly the

(ii,2, G22),

But

harsef

our

composed

parts

expectorant

appear

qualitiesto

Allium,
the

as

statement

to

is

cleansing foul

it would

First

potherb

promotes

Dioscorides
and

characters

that

viscera

It

emmenagogue,
and

the

and

affected
in-

proves

sprinkled dry.

Commentary.
Water

is
It

cold, agglutinates and

when

(pluries).
in

artichoke.

discharges, warms

carnative

the

to

opinion by a comparison of
find
that
(1. c), although we

acrid.

the

mentators,
com-

in this

Germander,
and

Rhases

modern

Parkinson

identical

was

Arabians,

as

hinted

it to the

being bitter,sour,
purges

have

the

We

Dioscorides

scolymus

We

114.

p.

harxaf

or

of the

See

its

scolymtiswas

their

to

'
'

have

supposed, applied also

artichoke.

or

the term

and

is

as

We

the

"

(1.c.)
to

as

(ii,2, 332)

is,that

authorities

being sometimes,

of

works

Avicenna

truth

author.

our

Dioscorides.

the

See

as

Comm.

gives exactly

conclusions,

of

in

harsef.

ancient

his

those

it out

i, 168).

virtues

but

it,

as

trace

their

ult.

puzzle

its medicinal

of

Beckmann

see

or

the
and

healing

Scordium,

it for its

when

properties.
its

name

garlic.
scordium

'"

of it Avith

author

from
The
with

condenses

Galen

remarks

its resemblance
Arabians
the

would
scorodon.

Scrapion (De Simpl. 331).

and

ophioscordon, or

dcsiccative
wild

in

the

comm.

diuretic,

given internally;

his account
Our

or

fourth

garhc, is stronger

than

"

'

SIMPLES.

346

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

'
*

We

Parkinson

See

Dioscorides
the

bites

it forms

both

in the

form

and

remedy

in

author, merely

it

as

of

of

the

Celsus.

general
in

the

best

of

mad

various

as

an

characters

ranks

dogs.

cutaneous

emmeuagogue,
diuretic
like

our

of the two

species.
Hippocrates and

of

works

great

wine, and

of

bites

of

all medicines

fumigation ; as a
(ii,81.) Galen,

the

latter

The
calls it

succi,^^and

mali

and

dropsical diseases,
states

for the

furfures

hip-bath

virtues

along with

taken

leprosy and

as

ii, 181).

was

says,

va-

arenarium.

medicinal

application to

an

and

vii.

two

Dioscor.

it is the

cataplasm

the

sativum

of the

says

vipers when

frequently mentioned

in those
"

of

excellent

an

complaints, such

It is

Allium

somewhere

Dioscorides

of rustics.

down

set

Sprengel (Ad

and

Galen

as

also recommends

He

to

givesa lengthy statement

in the
that

being

as

29),
(vii,

garlic,which,

theriac

inclined

are

rieties of this substance

[book

it

the

among

things

acrid, flatulent,heating, laxative

of

treat of it
(ii,21, 26, et alibi.) The Arabians
See
at great length.
Serapion (De Simpl. 331) ; Averrhoes
(Cont. 1. ult.
(Collig.V, 42) ; Avicenna
(ii,2, 72) ; Rhases

the

i.

bowels, "c.

laxative

recommend

They

36.)

and

clyster of

diuretic,and
it

as

clears

and

the

the

bowels, and

says,

Fresh
is

to

They

say

affirms,from

Avicenna

the

medicine

ears,

garlic,he

vermifuge.

garlicis vermifuge, and

raw

as

it is useful

the

useful

of
in

case

quoted by

liver,the

says, is

Another

as

in
sonal
per-

the

in

reptiles. Ruffus,

it is hurtful

kidneys.

of

gargle

excellent

an

dropsy

emmeuagogue.

voice.

the

experience,that it is
stung by venomous
persons

Serapion, says

an

eructations, in

sciatica,and

relieves

toothache, and
of

it in

lungs,

diuretic,loosens
his

authorities

strangury.

^KopSoTrpocroi^,
Scordoprason, Garlic-leek,in
of the

Commentary.

CoMM.
'
"

'
"

"

garlicand

Allium

taste

and

powers

is

compounded

leek,
We

are

None

Scorodoprason.

interestinginformation

under

disposed
of

set

to

the

it down

authorities

as

being

suj)plyany

this head.

2/cop7rio"t"fC,
Scorpioides,Caterpillar,is heating
desiccative

in the

second.

in

the

third

order, and

SIMPLES.

348

Smilax

"

"

'

It

(48.)
he

himself

it.

He

article

persons

baccata,

the

Materia

noticed

it

possessed of such
sitting or sleeping in

L.

See

when

should

its shade,

fatal

prove

(ii,80.)

order

of

We

to

have

calefacients

it kills

It has

them.

tlie foetus

and

worms

also

of
of

with

and

Commentary.

it is

this is the

same

the

head

It

and

is likewise

Boeotian

as

detergent,and,

remedies.

ophthalmic

That

of

and

bitterness

some

roughening the trachea.

expectorant without
solvent
has calefacient,emollient, and
powers.
'

the

Savoy),

or

It, therefore, agglutinates Avounds

therefore, is mixed

'

have

guard against

to

to

as

power

second

is of the

sprinkled upon

hence

"

V.

yew.

desiccants.

CoMM.

Book

elsewhere

Myrrha, Myrrh,

"

perties.
pro-

(v, 48) that great difference

prevailed regarding this reputed noxious power

opinion has

'

vii.

Medica, seeing that

merely
(Languedoc

was

deleterious

Dioscorides

that

Narbonia

in

that

stated, hoAvever,
the

had

he

of

tree

Taxus

place in

that

says
says

yew-tree

is the

remarkable

appears

this

allowed

is

Yew,

the

It

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

Taxus,

or

[book

myrrh
is in-

myrrh

our

authorities
are
now
disputable,and the best botanical
pretty
well agreed that it is the product of a dwarf
shrub, to which
of Balsamodendron
See
Myrrha.
they have given the name
1187.) It is
Lindley (Veg. Kingd. 460) ; Pereira (Mat. Med.
is perhaps the oldest literaryproduction in
mentioned
in what
existence
(Genesis xxxAii,25), and is frequently noticed as a
the

in

medicine

(De Superfoet.
;

works
de

Muhebr.)

Dierbach

(347) and
gum-resin

was

According

to

(Arsn.
used

much

was

He

nature.
cures

used
with

in ulcers

used

fetor
as

an

oil it

of

the

the

the

says

Hipp. 224.) In short, this

ancient
practiceof medicine.

calefacient,soporific,
tive,
agglutina-

ointment

and

of it that

with

strengthens the

He

other

also

likewise

complaints

and

of

alum
teeth.

the
that
He

that

states

it is authelminthic

liquid

gums

it in chronic

recommends

trachea.

and

'fficonom.

Hippocrates.
Hippocrat.^

des

eye

mouth,

of

name

further

astringent.He

further
of

the

See

it is

asperitiesof

and

bear

in the

Dioscorides

desiccative,and
coughs

which

of
;

it

like

that

it

armpits when
in a
gargle
describes

two

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

that

which

was

fluid from

runs

fluid

myrrh,

taken

sohd

kind.

See

of the

of

Pliny gives

prescribes the

author's
former

of

him,
rhoes

venturing

written
as

this

do

importance

to the

stated

and

agreed

that

they

authorities
as

It

capable

says

plaster.
would

and

fluids
them

of

Another

from

Abbas

Haly

prevent

authors

us

have

regretted,

of much

practical

Grecian
that

an

masters.

the

Greeks

emmenagogue

One

that

says

; Aver-

be

their

the

the
from

i, 474)

less to

expectorant.

Our

Arabians,

limits

as

works.

from

accelerating delivery. They

it evacuates

that

appear

Boeotian

the

and

Dioscorides, Galen,

of

Serapion's

belly when
in

also

are

applied

masticatory it

our

author,

myrrh
the

was

mentioned

by

Alexanders

or

Olusatrum.

Smyrnium

Smyrnium,

Alsander

silvestre)is heating
stronger

of

his

Basil.)

these

myrrh

nating
aggluti-

the

1. ult.

anything

of

virtues

and

brain.

the

evacuates

the

(v,23),

borrows

authority,all

their

N.

and

ed.

Our

suppliedby

tain
con-

H.

of

For

this is the
add

not

(See

two

what

which

does

manner

(Cont.

"

larger pieces

condensed

(ii,496.)

information

it is diuretic

that

is

in like

subject,but

regarding

medicine

in

other

account

stacte

ii,433,

exposition of

an

They confirm, however, by

had

it
T.

Rhases

the

Comm.

was

'

The

purpose.

Dioscoiides.

Baithar

find

not

The

Serapion (De Simpl. 292)

upon

this

upon

we

from

does

Ebn

the

concocting

substance
Aetius

(ii,2, 468)

(Pract.ii,41)
from

Antidot.

De

(Collig.v, 42)

of

describes

works.

Oribasius

as

Avicenna

see

and

of

present

mention

finest

cutting.

midst

frequently as

of

these

without

our

Galen

account

tree

the

highly interesting,but

makes

mp'rh

Simpl. 109,

calls Stacte

(Mat. Med.)

answer

substance.

he

of the

out

is

would

Celsus

xii,33-6.)

the

Hill

myrrh

that

much

(De

which

liquid mjTrh,

of

kinds

349

than

(called
and

Olusatrum,

but

by Dodonseus,

and

This,

Commentary.

either
the

weaker

the

and

Hipposelinum

desiccative

parsley,but

therefore, emmenagogue

also

of

than

the

third

Apium

order, being

stone-parsley.

It

is,

diuretic.

it would

appear,

is not

the

Smyrnium Dioscoridis,or,
perfoliatum. In another
place we

Smyrnium

as

Comm.

supposed

have

set

it

'
'

SIMPLES.

350

down

CoMM.
'

latter,and

the

as

treated

[book

of it

as

article of food.

an

vii.

(Vol.I,

'
'

All

114.)
as

See

author.

our

Avicenna

and

'

Sow-thistle,

when

this

It would

is

an

of Scribo-

olusatrum

Sonchus

the
refer

the

held

and

of

inflammations
stem

merely
"We

terms.

the

useful

are

Galen

when

Arabians,

it

its

not

the

with

uterus

by

that

exception

well-known

he

for

it

heat

sub-

of the
and

it relieves

says
that

late

its root

and

scorpions, (ii,158.)

and

qualities in general

Baithar,

Dioscorides

until

calls

it is described

of Ebn

would

stomach-ache

and

temperament

aware

determined.

oleraceus, a

wool,

of

would

species,which

juice for

on

three

varieties

well

cataplasm

oleraceus,

authorities

Dioscorides

bitten

persons

states
are

and

but

Dispensatories

its

applied

descriptionsof it from

the

dried,

describes

the

one

S.

our

and

anus

to

the

it in

inflammations,

milk

attract

when

Sonchus

species,not

510.)

recommends

astringent,and
stomach

(i, 11,

of

only

in

the

perhaps,

some

been

place

be

are,

describe
have

to

Quincy

See

But

Dioscorides

distinct

some

appear

to

first two

author

our

plant, w^liich
date.

the

first to

certainly

sensibly cooling

eaten.

appear

oleraceus, although

and

Galen

and

astringent

certain.

quite

not

which

species, of

to

the

excellent

calefacient.

moderately

but

is

applied externally and

Commentary.
'

'

is

Simpl.);

(De

is

it

that

agree
It

Galen

character

same

Largus.

both

CoMM,

All

the

nearly

72)
(iii,

emmenagogue.

Sonchus,

is

it

give

Dioscorides

55.)

(ii,2,

diuretic
nius

authorities

the

and

by

who

of

any

the

merely gives

Galen,

(i,211.)

27rapyavtov,
Sparganium
CoMM.

this

it

commends
XXV,

63.)

Galen
other

kept

treats

also

It

Commentary.

"
*

as

He,

usual,

as
as

viper.

See

shops

the

with

the

borrows
our

from

of

Phny

serpents.

Dioscorides.

author.

Few,
the

if any

15.)

the

re-

(H. N.
(iv,21.)

"S'.
ramosum,

reputation of curing

Gray (Suppl.to Pharmacop.

powers.

simplex.

sting

it. Its congener,

the

desiccative

Sparganium
to

brieflyas

authorities,notice
in the

possessed of

antidote

an

of it

is

is

bite

of the
is still
of the

SIMPLES.

iTiJ

SECT.

flower
five

of

drunk

it,when

the

also

fruit

ischiatic

is the

its

seeds

the

fruit

the

to

The

and
of

amount

hellebore,without

danger.

twigs remedy

it

Dioscorides

commends

trace

it in

to

Ebn

Baithar, who

this

the

com-

'

"

intention.

in gout

and

other

and

Pliny give nearly the

corides
Diospropertiesas our author.

it in sciatica and

the

Comm.
'

his

powerful diuretic,

with

emetic

an

in

states

it is
used

as

Spartium junceum.

Silvius

as

that

says

of its medicinal

easy

it is the

still sometimes

clysterin

Latins,

commends

further
as

doubt

He

diseases.

account

given

of the

are

further

arthritic
same

white

water

downwards.

purges

Mesne.

on

INIesue

honeyed

like

Without

genista

mentary
and

vines

diseases.

Commentary.
It

with

upwards,

oboli,purge

But

^Traprocj
they bind

which

by

Genista, Broom,

351

cynanche,
complaint, (iv,155.)

former
works

of the

other

copies principallyfrom

and

when

It is not

authorities,except

Galen

or

Dioscorides.

(i.489.)
ij a"^iK\apiov,
STTE/cAaptoi/

Lapis specularis,which
their

Being
or

and

windows,
of the

some

hence

it

been

it has

of

called

specula in

diaphanous.

like burnt

powers

shells

oysters.
It is the

Commentary.
is evident

from

Book

See

V,

it had

(Ep. 60.)

transparency.

The

58.

of all fluxes ; and

Spongia, Sponge;
of the

when

sea,

wounds
WTien

burnt

to

come

the

if

find

in

his

"

from

in most

of

xxxvi, 45.)
in the
time

still preserves

water, wine,
and

cure

it

was

the

smell

tinates
oxycrate, agglu-

or

di sentient

liquidpitch,and

animal
our

'

its

powers.

applied hot,

it

Aristotle, Pliny, Philoponus, Phile, and

the

""

says

dysenteries.

})m'nt,it has acrid

acknowledge
it stated

its virtues

Comm.
'

Seneca

in windows

that

recent, which

asphaltos or
stops hemorrhages.

Avicenna

praise

of

cure

with

Commentary.

used

mentions

applied with
but

be

Selenite,as

or

further, Pliny (H. N.

See

Agricola

speculare

descriptionof it.

Arabians

for the

frequentlygiven

Gypsum

author^s

our

in his time

that

we

has

of gypsum,

nature

instead

use

nature

modern

of sponges,
treatises

on

Comm.
'

"

and

yet

natural

SIMPLES.

352

historythat

CoMM.
'

in

maintaining
is

sponge

that

vegetable which

there

is

that,

of

the
the

that

the

found

stones

species described
for

tent

hemorrhages

hut

and

whenever

burnt

generally applied to the

Epidem.' (iv.) But in one

genuine, it appears
Celsus
prescribesa
the

be

to

it formed

until

to

of it

remainder

and

quote what

it.

Avicenna

it

left

and

Dioscorides

Spodium

1. ult.

has

Commentary.

Pliny

thus

states

the

Galen

and

sores

in the

the

had

and

nious
ingerhage
hemor-

absence
set

was

surface, while
to
"

the

of

gives

an

known

cold

heat

describes

had

sponge

at

as

oil,vinegar, or

cover

He

motion.

neck,

bleeding place,it

Galen

in

the

vessels.

(De

Spongia maris,"

written

respecting

supposed

was

Rhases

to

be

recommend

stopping bleeding, (ii,

2,

676.)

similar
It

he

dies
reme-

this term

swelling and

on

that

dry
astringe;

certainly not
(De Morbis, ii.)

fullyof the

treat

in

suitable

of the

purposes.

farther

decidedly says

Cont.

of

the

the

be

may

work,

out

eschar
a

or

are

sponge.

that

on

fasci-

ophthalmic

head, and

says,

as

principallyfor cleansing

595, and

this

an

possessed of

animal

of

relieve

laid

Arabians

The

Simpl. xi.)

an

was

in

dipped in asphaltus, or,

it,in tar, having been

fire

deterge

glands

or

medicinal

he

by which,
stopped. A sponge

useful

are

Hippocratic treatises

for the

under

interesting article

says

pitch,they

squeezed

sponge

process

of

used

S.

is the

vinegar they restrain

to

passage

for other

gout (iv),and

an

He

with

tonsils

application to

an

as

hard

the

they

want

the

our

Of
lithontriptic.

are

with

In

as

of it. He

account

same

sponges

you

cases

ulcers.

that

is

water

same

washed, they apply better

hemorrhages, (v, 137.)

'

the

Avicenna

recommends

burnt

that

the

officinalis.He

S.

sores;

that, when

and

to

and

when

that

the

dilatingfistulous

tents

the

in sponges

soft

that

opinion
(i,45.)

by Dioscorides, the

the

applied like

ophthalmy,

sponge

authorities

contrary, it is decidedly

in

Serapion gives nearly

does.

use

vii.

vegetables,Ebn

ancient

rocks,

author

sponge

'

in the

on

from

grows

culata, Pall.,and

truth

the

two

CoMM.

the

recommends

says

'

no

be

to

among

alone

animal, but

an

them

supposed

believe,stands

Baithar, we

'

ancients

the

'

[book

powers
is

to

the

nearly the

difi'erence

pompholyx.
same

between

as

the

thein

Pompholyx.
"

Etiamnum

in

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

Differentia

xxxiv^ 33.) The

N.

et

spodon. Comm.

illota est."

paratur, spodos

in modern

name,

ivory. See

burnt

to

pompholygem

reperiuntur,quae vocant
quod pompliolyx lotura

serariis

(H.

353

times, lias been

Pliarm.

Gray (Suppl. to

'"

"

'

plied
ap-

260), and

(De Simp. Med. 250.) The ancient spodium was an

sometimes
impure oxyd of zinc. The term, however, was
applied
informed
to other
as
we
are
by Pliny (1.c), and
recrements,
Dioscorides
minute
descriptionof the
(v,85.) He gives a more
treat of both
preparationof it and of pompliolyx. The Arabians
Platearius

under

the

in modern
of the

of Tucia

general name
times.

and

eyes,

also

used

They

in

those

Tutty, Avliich

or

long

was

tained
re-

it very

about

the

freelyin diseases
See
genitalorgans.

Serapion (c.422) ; Avicenna

(ii,
2, 695) ; Rhases (Cont. 1. ult. i,
730) ; Haly Abbas
(Pract.ii,45, 474.) The spodium occurs
scribed
defrequentlyas an ingredientin the collyriaand ointments
We
need
the
by Celsus (v, 6),"c.
scarcelyremind
reader

that

ophthalmic

tutty ointment
to

even

pocratic writers
general

bus.)

The

the ashes
1. ult.

of

would

to

sense

our

has

times.

own

appear

various

continued

to

The

have

be

used

as

an

spodos of the Hip-

been

of the

recrements

spodium of the
the privet. See

to

appliedin
metals.

Arabians

would

Avicenna

(ii,
2, 609) ;

more

(De Ulcerito

seem

have

Khases

been

(Cont.

675.)

Staphylinus,Carrot, is diuretic and promotes menstruation,

the seed and root.
But the leaves being possessed
particularly
of detergent powers
with
phagedsenic affections when
agree
applied green along with honey. The wdld is for all purposes
stronger than
Commentary.

varietyof the
as

the

cultivated.
As

Daucus

Sprengel states,
Carota, L.,

quoted by Athenseus,

says

that

or

Wild

it is

it

is

undoubtedly a Comm.
Diphilus,

Carrot.

"

rately
acrid,nutritive,mode-

stomachic, laxative,flatulent,indigestible,
diuretic,and
that it proves
aphrodisiacal.
(Deipnos.ix, 2.) Pliny mentions
useful in strangury, dropsy,and several other complaints.(H. N.
Plinius Yalcrianus
given
XX, 15.)
says of it that it had been
in diseases of the liver,spleen, loins,and kidneys,in hydromel.
Our
author's
of its medicinal
account
(iv,32.)
propertiesis
from Dioscorides.
He recommends
it strongly
mostly condensed
and
as
a
diuretic,cmmenagogue,
aphrodisiac,and says of it,
III.

23

"

"

'

SIMPLES.

354

that

CoMM.

appliedper

[book
the

it procures

vaginam

expulsion of

the

vii.

fcetus.

'

'

Galen

5.2.)
(iiij

it

iii,18)

According

Carota

this is the

and

of

a.

MilHgan,

Beckmann's

decides

of the Daucus

whether

the

He

"

and

in the

kills the

medicinal

author

TTOCLGQV

and

instead

of the

plants
of

do

of

are

his

not

body,

temperaments
humid

H.

(Ad

says

make

is in

the

that

out

all

were

merely

doubts, however,

some

sometimes

applied to

shrub

the

resembling horehound,

Stachys Palestina,

gives exactly

the

same

Dioscorides

and

Galen,

says

but
of

all,its

it that

Hore-

Base

or

of

account

the

PHnv

is

xxiv, 86.)

identical,and

stachys, that
to

Grease
their

powers

treat

latter

its
marking
re-

the

pori'um

editor,Harduiu,

different

that

from

of

It is

quite clear,however,
accordingly Pliny, like the
it is

The

emmenagogue.

of it.

all

powers

animals.

it resembles

that his celebrated

of

N.

seem

or

of
so

stachvs

Adipes, Fats,
human

In

It therefore
degree.
promotes
foetus,and expels the secundines.

marrubium;

the

Dioscorides.

Arabians

it.

to

it not

TT^aaiov,

that

other,

regard

his

only promotes menstruation, but is a

Pliny, by confounding
procming abortion.

for

used

the

that

us

third

properties as
of it that

that

both

Daucus.

is

It is the

Our

holds

with

also

not

Horehound,

Commentary.
hound.

to

appear

pastinaca

He

under

See, however,

is calefacient

drug

1. ult.

(ii^31)^ although

clearlyto

seems

"pastinaca" was

menstruation,

Celsus

otherwise

Carota.

varieties

Stachys, Base

"

(Cont.

our

of Invent.'

^Hist.

parsnip.

'

It would

guttatus.

daucus, staphylinus, carota,

CoMM.

the

it in

refer to Pliny (1.c), and

to
opinion we
kitchen
on
our
vegetablesin
ingenious disquisition
of

confirmation

'

of

speak
Rhases

of

account

same

Hippocrates comprehends

of
agrestis^'

"Pastinaca

editor^ Dr.

and

authorities

(ii,2, 287)

the

Dierbach^

to

Daucus

his

the

The
Eustathius
commentator
Serapion (c. 265.)
its aphrodisiacalproperties.(Ad Iliad, xviii, 560.)

mentions

the

Avicenna

See

terms.

same

give nearly

Arabian

The

author.

our

as

Aetius

and

kinds

vary

That

being

of

dilute

according

and
to

swine, then,

like those

of

the

warm

the
is

oil.

different
the

most

Hence

it

356

SIMPLES.

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

'
"

The

native

the

ancients

This

is

antimony

(v,99)

and

blephara.
circa

in the
Vis

"

in

see

of

the

the

factitious

author.

For

an

particular Dioscorides
It

xxxiii,33.)

likely

not

much

was

medicines

used
called

by
calli-

Pliny (1.c.)

authors

In

for this

the

Old

of

use

Testament

it.

None

the Jewish
of

the

Greek

giving it internallyexcept Serapion,

who
quotes Badigorus (Pythagoras ?) as stating that it proves
a
remedy for epilepsyand gross superfluities,
(c. 249.) In its
or

Latin

N.

it is

it,and

ancient

anv

composition

censured

are

bv

with

that

ejus astringereet refrigerareprincipalisautera

oculos."

women

mineral

antimony,

Pliny (H.

ancients

the

rare

so

described

ancient

vii.

evidently the sulphiiretof antimony.

acquaintance

any

not

of the

account

is

antimony
had

is

[book

calcined
hence

itself is

supposed by

been

into

is to

as

say,
of

use

which

work.)

he

his

Galen

Hippocrates
head

(De
Vol.

authorities

the

and

(Exeg.)

I,

it

Affect.),that

errhines, to

the

60

this

59,

pp.

confined

and

recommends

Intern.

subsequent

been

have

to

seem

form,

square

by Hippocrates, as

rErpoywvov
expositors. See

partial. (See

was

with

would

use

or
ingredient in cajnitpurrjia,

an

But

pastilsof

called

(fficon.Hippocrat. 371.)
medicine
for purging the

Foes
as

made

was

metal

the

has

it

state

of

speak

him

to

of
its

cipal
prin-

collyria.

to

in

(Pract. ii,48) ; Averrhoes

particularHaly Abbas
it for this and
other
43.) Celsus frequently uses

See

(CoUig. v,
purposes.

2ro(j3};,
Stoebe, Knapweed

the

fruit

and

leaves

desiccative

are

third

degree,being possessedof astringent powers.

decoction
the
they agglutinate large wounds
; and
relieves dysentery, hemorrhages, and
discharges of
the

the

ear;

the

eye

in

from

opinion
stated

There

(Ad
who

Parkinson

by
hold

Antidot.

426,

Dioscorides.

(Theatre

T.

from

be

We

the

ii,ed.

of

them

pus

from

suggillationsof

considerable

of

Poterium

Basil.)Our
None

on

this

spinosum.
author^s

difference

head,

Plants, 998),

acquiesce in the

Galen, who,

(iv,12.)

been

authorities

iv, 12.)

it to

taken

has

modern

among

Dioscor.

in

use

Hence

blow.

'
'

it is of

cataplasm

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

and

in

the

fully

by Sprengel
judgment of those
See

notice

others

is

and

in his turn, is much

of

as

of

add

Galen

(De

of it is manifestly
indebted

anything

to

of

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

interest

of

Hippocrates nor
in those

of the

Celsus,

Galen

^rpovdiov.It
omitted

reader

Beckmann's

probabilitythat
represents it

use

in

be

famous

writer

that

who

of

it

in

should

place by
soap-plantused

ancient

We

times.

The

think

there

and

chest, the liver,the

mentions

is every

spleen, and
tumours,
the

masticatory.(De Alexandro.) Galen states its

general terms ; he says it is acrid and detergent,and

it acts

sialogogue.

as

the works

of

Harduin)

and

fully.

We

See

Hippocrates.
Celsus

have

way,

amusing example

an

as

not

been

able

(v, 18.)

Arabians

of

treat

its

virtues
hence

find

to

of

it in

Pliny (T. ii,341, 161, 410,

The

in

lithontriptic,

application to indolent
masticatory, (ii,192.) By

Lucian

it

officinalis.Dioscorides

Saponaria

the

"

quotes only

discutient
a

detect

Comm.

in this

celebrated

cloth

of

author

our

is noticed

is the

to

works

19.)
(ii,

diuretic,emmenagogue,

sternutatory, and

the

which

of

able

Baithar,

Inventions.^

the

was

Ebn

the

interesting disquisitionon

very

diseases

remedy
for jaundice;
a

it

to

for

History of

'

been

we

singular

cleansers

or

in

occur

this head,

This

Galen.

find

will

not

have

nor

Struthium,

and

fullones

the

bv

does

under

appears

the

Dioscorides

It

Arabians, except

and

Dioscorides

have

it.

respecting

357

ed.

it very

Avicenna

2, 133) ; Serapion (De Simpl. 362) ;

(ii,
Rhases
(Contin.1. ult. iii,38.) They all hold it to be emetic,
and when
be procured they recommend
it cannot
in its place
vomica.
it for all the
medicinal
nux
They also recommend
enumerated
The
by Dioscorides.
soap-Avorthas been
purposes
See

used

times.
See Culpeper (172),Lewis
medicinallyin modern
(M. M. 339), and Gray (Suppl.to Pharmacop. 115.) Quincy
of it. (138.) In the
modern
account
gives a very confused
Greek
Pharmacopoeia it is still retained. (144.)

Stcechas, Cassidony,or

detergent,and

attenuant,
habit

whole

of the

it is

Lavender.

an

promotes

Lavender

strengthens all

it is dcobstruent

the

viscera

and

the

animal.

CoM.MENTAiiY.
French

French

It appcars
See

odoriferous
menstruation

to

be

Tournefort

herb

of

and

the

(M. M.)

Inttcr

relieves

Lavandula

taste.

pains of

Stcechas,or

Phny
He
the

adds

says

that

that

it

breast. (11.N.

OMM.

SIMPLES,

358

CoMM.

chest

"

(ii,28.) Galen
qualitiesas perceivedby

for antidotes,

and

remarks

its

on

in

it
Antidot.'

the

(i.)

same

and

alexipharmic,but
Med.

our

Mat.

the

modern

Greek

the

taste, and
See

it for

stiU

held

De

'

epilepsy

it possesses

purgative
these
in

place

It is retained

(ii,389.)

wrote,

mends
recom-

also

that
It

the

sensible

very

it is

degi'ee.

Lewis

when

some

vit.

of

Arabians

denies

Hill

Dr.

considerable

any

the

to

has

recommend

Rhases

According

diseases

author.

our

as

and

melancholy.
in

cases

Ancenna

and

powers

it for

recommends

Dioscorides

107.)

xxm,
'

'

[book

in

Pharmacopoeia.
^TOCtTltOTT]^,

Achillea,
of cold

Yarroiv

'folium,the

Our

the

is

however,
of

the

that

land

Pistia

dressing wounds.
author
copies

almost

Regarding

the

free

wounds

it preserves

oedema

in

These
plants are
101.)
Hippocrates, Celsus, nor

discover,with

can

of

The

Pistia

date.

See

as

with

its

Solanum

Cherry

cooling in

the

the

and

far

as

merely

(ii,30),

hemorrhoids.

for

character

down

M.

108.)

(?),Nightshade (?),or
garden

second

of

(Cont. 1. ult. 637.)

Hindoo
physiciansas a
held

(M.

works

Galen

yarrow

The

cui'es

place in

to

late

It still holds

Pharmacopoeia (109.)

Greek

modern

the

the

Baithar, who

Ebu

says

and

authorities,as

cataplasm

ancient
Lewis

characters

Dioscorides

in

Dioscorides

from

and

Quincy (92)and

Strychnos,
Winter

found

Arabian

exception of

the

dysuria,

in

place in

and

of the

finem.)

vinegar, (iv,100,

with

who

Dispensatory

oiu:

be

to

Lindley (Veg. King. 125.)

See

not

AchiUes

Galen, who,

inflammation,

from

the

got

by

for the

plant,

water

Mille-

xi, ad

from

Dioscorides

merely quotes Galen.

Stratiotes is still used by the

Rhases,

demulcent

word

for

used

Iliad,

(ad

cataplasm

this head

under

givesextracts
and

word
to

yarrow.

herb

tinates
agglu-

fistulse.

millefoil

The

Eustathius

it

Achillea

decidedly the

being supposed the

Y.

and

hemorrhages

Stratiotes.

possessed

hence

astringency;

is

equalh' indebted

erysipelasand

we

has

is

in water

grows

it for

use

from

of Achillea

name

in

river

which

land

The

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

the

Some

ulcers.

'

but

powers,

that

and

esculent

degree.

The

Alkekengi,

sort

is

halicacabum

i.

e.

astringent
is like

the

garden, haAnng

The

of the

bark

Avith wine
a

of

seed, being

like the

of
of the

is

dram

vine.

when

druuk

And

soporific.

order

third

of

grape

somnifera

Strychnos

the

amount

359

fruit

diuretic

root

the

to

diuretic

it has

hence
refrigerants
;

of

sions
quantity than twelve clusters it occafourth
The
madness.
speciesis not used internally,but
spreading ulcers,belonging
applied externallyit cures

when

druuk

when
to

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

the

in greater

second

of

order

Commentary.

desiccants.

refrigerantsand

We

not

must

venture

discussion

the

upon

Comm.

disputed points respectingthe Strychniof the ancients, for

which
we
beg to refer our readers to the Appendix to Dunbar's

'

of

Greek
far

they are
species described

four

hortensis,is
2d,

S.

Furialis,is

the

author

in the

of the
to

follow

not

administer

an

external

of

the

the
as

the

and

things

the

3d,

or

4th,

learned

or

rities,
autho-

Belladonna,
of the

treats

dare

we

The

instance.

tempt
at-

not

first he

The

third, he

poppy.

The

the
and
to

in

it is

(iv,72-5.)

large
Celsus

Graeci
arovyvov
Avhich repress and

second,

fourth

he

has

says,

doses

undiluted

siriasis of

the

eye,

The

juice of

vomited,

of

virtue.

dehrium,

quam

affections

albus, "c.

counter-agent

so

the

does

recommends
it very largelyas
but
internally,
herpes, headache, heat
applicationfor erysipelas,

fluor

the

first in

present

the

the

Atropa

that

great length

so

in the

him

stomach,

earache,

at

and

Dioscorides, who

follows

main

Strychni

last for the

the

taken

Several

Sodomeeum.

Solaniim
have

Physalis alkekengi ;

Physalis somnifera

is the

however,
virtues

is the

Halicacabum,

or

merely state our conclusions

reader.
the professional
Of

by Dioscorides, the, 1st, or Strychnus

nigrum, or its variety S. miniatum
;

Solanum

the

somniferum,

Our

shall

we

interesting to

as

the

and

Lexicon,

the

same
on

fatal.

drunk

wine

says, resembles

brings

proves

chilch*en,

powers

phantasies
The

and

best

afterwards

frequentlyprescribes "solanum

vocant,"
soothe,

it

ranks

and

33.)
(ii,

He

those

among
recommends

it

(iii,
applicationin phrenitisand various other diseases,
of it
and
account
Aetius
18.) Galen
give nearly the same
his description
autlior.
Oribasius
as
our
confessedlyborrows
from
Dioscorides.
The
Arabians
treat
fullyof the solanum,
five species,(ii,2,
of which
Avicenna
mentions
that there are
as

an

646.)
662) ;

Serapion (Dc Simpl. 138)

Avcrrhoes
(Colhg. v, 42) ; Ebn
See

Rhases
Baithar

(Cont.

1. ult.

212.)
(ii,

The

i,

360

CoMM.

SIMPLES.

characters
so

well

not

which

with

middle

call solanum
He

with

Dioscorides.

used

as

been

ever

Latin

retained

need

we

writers

of maurella.

name

of

See

it is

the

jNIacer

possessed of

nigrum

the

toxicologistshave
See

Orfila.

held

characters

not

are

used

The

decided

mitted
trans-

that

The

medicinallyin

stated

as

of the

See

tumours.

alkekengi is still admitted

power,

aware

it is

Physalis somnifera is still

applicationto inflammatory

an

Lindley (Veg. King. 621.)

be possessed of a diuretic
We

The

main

it from

narcotic.

(Ibid.)

the

Greeks, that

strychnos that
properties. The Solanum

Oiu'

in India

in

vii.

antiquityas late as the end of the last

Lewis
All our
old herbalists,Gerard,
(M. M.)
terms
Culpeper, speak of its virtues in the same

See
century.
Parkinson, and

powerful

the

the

Dispensatories, and

our

down

as

the

by

of

says

powerfully narcotic
place in

plants agree

these

given to them by
slightdifferences.

note

ages

rioridus.

of

those

to

stop

they give

[book

Solanum

by Dioscorides.

Sodomasum

modern

to

having

times, but

need

we

has
scarcelysay that of late years the Atropa Belladonna
no
imdistinguished place in our Dispensatories.
the Strychnos furiosu as a poison, see
Vol. II, p. 224.

cupied
oc-

On

SruTTTJjpta,
Alumen,

Alum

of gross

particles.

consists

of

Alumen
The

CoMM.

rotundum,

him

the

best

in

The
the

ancients

latter from

need

common

the

could

the

both

being
the

alum,

copperas

this

of gross

parts

and

not

it has

we

cannot

we

the

upon

it with

what

or

very

Beckmanu
agree

with

alum

green

and

is in the
cannot

remained
never

of

modern

been

sulphateof
always distinguishaccurately

mineral

Mediterranean,
that

astragolotum.

consists

ancient

sulphate of

possiblyhave

scarcelyadd

Alum,
it is the

and plinthitis.
placitis
much
that
has
ha\ing read

ancients, indeed, may

"

After

called

regarding the ancient

as

consist

Stone

others.
and

and

sour,

approach the discussion

considered
Having deliberately

consideringhow
upon

the

Alum,

authorities

settingit down

iron.

very

still

diffidence.

written

Round

or

are

scissile,
or

parts than

After

subject,we

great
has

by

it

alumen

the

varieties

Commentary.
wTitten

of

liquidum, or Liquid Alum,

also the

so

this

But

subtile

more

Alumen

and

all kinds

been

potash,'^but
countries

conceive

how

ignorant of it,and
pretended that it

dering
borthe
we

has

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

been

descrilDecl

varieties

Hair

much

diftered
called

pkimosum,

kinds
the

other

of

round.

hairs
The

filaments.

or

Alumen

Octavius
burns

to

the

of

when

"c.)

other

Our

descriptionof

and

power,

also

of the
and

strengthen

beneficial

are

minutely

in

the

the

in form

Alum

texture.^'

as

alum.

cation
appli-

an

used

was

in

Hippocrates
the

of

Ulcer.,

Dioscorides

gives

and

kinds

and

gums,

Mulieb., De

different

small

plumose

alum

Galen.

being

their

of

teeth

loose

also

see

purposes

N.

vinegar

short, he

which

to

PHny (H.

hemorrhages,

with

in

than

powerful

more

and

aphthse; and,

various

the alumen

the

diseases

mortifications

they stop

flaccid gums,

On

schistose

elsewhere, the

round

and

into

rare

more

earliest times.

the

two

They are all possessed,he says, of a heating

scurities
of an
astringent,and hence they clear the obmelt
down
fungous flesh on the eyelids
cornea,

in medicine.

uses

borrows

was

(Epid. vii,De
from

of

nesia
mag-

by

was

divided

oil.

womb,

purposes.

author

elaborate

most

the

from
of the

of

was

with

the

pure

either

was

recommend

pounded

prescribesit in ulcers

alum

Arabians

Horatianus

practice of medicine

for various

the

one

kind

appeared

kind

round

figure of its parts, into

the

fissile natural

The

the

concreted

or

globe, or

Jameni

and

Pliny

The

uniform

compact,

ancients

distinguished,according to

fissile and

sulphates of
'^of liquid,
alum

alum

the

repress

honc}^;

or

states

be

may

most

applied.

xxxv,52) and Celsus(iv,18),

Avicenna
consult
]Milligan. For the Arabians
(ii,2, 68) ; Averrhoes
(Colhg. v, 43) ; Serapion (De Simpl.
Abbas
(Cont. 1. ult. 38) ;
420) ; Haly
(Pract. ii,44) ; Rhases
Ebn
Paithar
(ii,83.) All of these authors, even
including the

with

the

last, do

of

little

than

more

this head.

under
some

with

note

appearance

considera])le

process
alluded
Servitor,

of

copy

from

Geber, however,
of

and
originalit}^,

accuracy.

and

Dioscorides

treats

of

describes

the

Galen

subject witli

the kinds

of alum

(Invention of Verity, c. 4.)

burning alum for medicinal piu'poses,

to
by Dioscorides, is described
by

(i.)

Comm.
'

anah^sis

the

the

that

the

solid

The

impure.

ancients

of

doulit

no

to

its

Alumen

The

was

according

large mixture

GeofFroy
notice of by

taken

are

Greeks,

remarks

iron.

and

the

which,

But

name.

another.

one

Tpiyjrigby

Klaproth, contains

other

any

from

Werner,

of

salt

under

tliem

by

361

which
Gebcr

is

The

barely

and

by

calefacient,emollieut,

is

Storax,

It

Commentary.

is

'
"

officinale.Dr. Pereira
substance
as
so
correctly,
the

present

has

been

which

The
Pereira

these, Dr.

are

we

mentioned

by

leave

he

As

931.)

pessary.

Shjrax

or

history of

little further

us

promotes

storax,

ancient

the

and

this

add

under

states, the

storax

to

by Hippocrates, Theophrastus, Pliny, and

varieties described
several
by the last of

described

Dioscorides.

to

(]Mat. Med.

head.

officinal

clearlyour
has
given

vii.

fore
It there-

digestive.

in

menstruation
CoMM.

and

coughs, catarrhs,and defluxions;

and
drunk
when
both
apphed on a

is useful

'

[book

SIMPLES.

362

the

in

author

our

of

kinds

ingeniously refers to
The
still acquainted.

storax, Avitli
Calamita

Stijrax
Section

eleventh

is

according

varietyof the amygdaloid storax, which was

formerly imported enveloped in a monocotyledonous leaf.
Dioscorides's
propertiesagrees well
descriptionof its medicinal
with
author's, but is considerably fuller, (i,79.) Galen
our
to

it is but

him

and

the

authorities

Greek

other

treat

of

it like

author.

our

prescribesit frequentlyas an emollient, discutient,con(v, 18, 2.2, c. "c.) The

suppurative medicine,
coctive,and
considerable
Arabians
ti'eat of it at
length, but do not add
Celsus

much

practicalimportance

of any

by Dioscondes
Serapion (c. 46)

ult.

i,687)

account

Ebn

appears
Eben

Isaac

Dr.

Avicenna

(Collig.v, 42)

Averrhoes

written

been

(ii,2, 423)
Ehases

on

(Cont.

428.) Upon the Avhole, Serapion's

(ii,
rity,
authoto
most
us
interesting. His Arabian
it was
used
mentions
that
by the
Amram,
Baithar

in their

Chi'istiaus
to

had

what

See

Galen.

and

it

to

Hill, is

for

churches
the

only

ing
accord-

fumigations.AAdcenna,

one

among

the

Arabians

dis-

who

have
been
we
treating of
tiiiguishesthe solid storax, which
It is quite a different
the liquid,or
from
Styrax Uquidus.
the
Liquid amher
orientcde,
substance, being procured from
according to Dr. Lindley. (Veg. King. 253.)

2u/ca,
Ficus, Figs
in

about

the

digest hard
and
the

those

second
tumours

discutient.

consistence

which

of

are

degree.
;

those
The

honey

But
which

dried
those
are

decoction

(which

some

possess
which
more

acrid

of them,
call

heating powers
are
fatty rather
prove

when

gent
deter-

made

is
siraeon),

of

similar

364

SIMPLES.

Comfrey

Symphytum,
opposite

powers.

it cleanses

the

also

and

the

which

trachea.

which

by
and

kidneys;

it has

Coris

They

great

corides

second

Great

is used

which

from

all agree

virtues

as

is

Comfrey,
for the

same

has

commending
and

the

in

both

latter

Matthiolus
that

it

manifestly abridges
he
improves what
being possessed

as

vulnerary

the

subject

satisfied

are

author

the

and

the

doubt,

no

been

(526)

Dioscorides, but

in

indisputably

Romans,

We

Our

expectorant

about

other

iv, 9.)

particularlycommends

inflammations

the

Parkinson

monspeliensis.

is

species

The

See

Dioscor.

borrows

who

hot

some

asperitiesin

cures

the

It

squills.

country.

Sprengel (Ad

takes.

like

controversy.

the

and

also

rock.

in this

more

Galen,
of

of

composed

powers

contains

species,called

a
officinale,
plant

naturalized

was

thirst

The

Symphytum

and

quenches

other

Commentary,

of

tlie

It

prurient

the

as

purposes

it

The

glutinous and

"

and

hernia.

intestinal

humidity, by

'

incisive

some

chest

is

comfrey

renders
it a suitable
constringency which
remedy
and
the
red
flux in
haemoptysis,sprained
ruptured parts^

women^

CoMM.

it has

in the

pus

rock

vii.

some

for

For

the

[book

as

medicines.

an

Dios-

applicationto

cataplasm, with the leaves

of these
of senecio.
Neither
plants is mentioned
by Celsus,
writes hesitatingly
believe,by Hippocrates. Avicenna
nor, we
about

them,

regard

to

in

but

anus

the

their medicinal

main

agrees

Adrtues,more

with

Dioscorides

in haemoptysis,
especially

intestines,meuorrhagia,

and

ulcers

of

external

Arabians
The
in general
2, 634.)
injuries,(ii,
have
attached
much
importance to the Symphytum,
examination
while writing this article,we
cursory

to

not

after

able

been

not

Baithar,
Galen,
Latin
it

the

such

who

under

find

to

merely
the

the

of

any

gives

present

extracts

head.

as

the

an

applicationto

others

from

Apuleius

except

seem

for^
have
Ebn

Dioscorides
mentions

and

that

the

is consolida.
De
Hill calls
Symphytum
famous
vulnerary both internallyand externally,and as
older herbalists.
it is highly commended
See
by all our
name

of

the

Parkinson, Culpeper,
the

it in

with

other
medicine

vulnerary.

and

Gerard.

species,the Coris
of the Spanish
See

It would

monspeliensis,
monastic

appear
was

orders

Lindley (Veg. Kingd. 645.)

as

also

that

employed
an

in

efiicacious

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

and
into
it

injectedinto

are

Heracleum

mend

it

in

the

draws

by

works

from

Ebn

medicinal

1. ult.

herb,

ancients,in the
ceased

is it to be

second

doubt

ulcers.

of its

Pliny

ulcers, and
We

order

(ii,24.)

The

in the

met

not

our

Lentisk,

in

give

it

with

it

does

As

its

tracts
ex-

the

is described
it

to

herbalists,but

all

of desiccants.

other

Dioscorides.

ascribed

old

'

Avicenna

Rhases

sphondylium
virtues

Comm.
*

English
in
a
our
place
Dispensatory.
modern
Greek
Pharmacopoeia.

in the

the

Galen,

possessed of the
of

being

recom-

Oribasius

have

of

"

and

and

put

flowers

describing it, merely gives

i, G36.)

occupy

found

Lentiscus,

and

works

to

in

Baithar,

Dioscorides

(Cont.

long

to

Galen

author.

our

chronic

and

of

(ii,2, 643.)

as

with

Dioscorides

author.

our

juice

of the

reason

fistulous

its bark

Hippocrates, Celsus, and Aetius.

which
he givesit entii'ely
characters
from

the

same.

The

possessed

are

asthma, epilepsy,

stripped of

no

applicationto

an

characters

same

seems

root

cure

agreeing

as

Sphondylium.

mentioned

cases

the

as

ears

There

Commentary.
the

the

to

as

its callus.

fistula,removes

so

root, Avhen

The

jaundice.

fruit and

the

Spondylinm, Coio-parsniji;
acrid
and
cutting powers,

of

365

parts, belongs

by

as

the

it has
Neither

the

to

full

heating and cooling,it holds

intermediate
an
place. It is astringentto such a degree as to
approach nearly,in this respect, to the juice of the hypocistis.
Commentary.
It is t\\e Pistacia
Lentiscus,\j., according Comm.
to

the

admission

of

that

it is the

mention

Hippocrates was
Pliny says that
of the
and

bowels.
that

teeth,

the

well

He

of

The

to

of

mastich
the

in

it

is

medical

of it

by

in

Plinius

appear,

that
jNIartial,

peculiar

virtues

mastich

tree

Defuerit, denies

sed
penna

si tibi frondea
levare

cuspis

potest."" (xiv,22.)

loose

Valerianus

it would

of the

of it,

toothache,

fastened

Dentiscalpium

melius

procured.

constipation

used

gargle

scarcely
use

occasions
was

'

need

(i,89.) Nay,

toothpick made
"

that

is stated

Dioscorides

Lcntiscum

with

its leaves

same

following epigram

ascribed

which

diuretic,but

also mentions

decoction

by

from

tree

as

We

commentators.

acquainted

it acts

(xxiv,28.)

(i,30), and

all the

to

from
were

'
"

'

"

is tlie author

Dioscorides

CoMM.
'

'

on

[book

SIMPLES.

366

this

article,which

written

has

wlio

in

recommends

he

VII.

elaborately

most

haemoptysis,diarrhoea,

dysentery,menorrhagia, prolapsusuteri and ani, in affections of

the mouth, as
by
already stated, and, in a word, he concludes
requiring
saying of its oil,that it is beneficial in all cases
Galen

astringency. (1. c.)

of

class

same

he

tree, which

this

example,

of

largely of it,but

(Cont. 1. ult. i, 457)

(Collig.V, 42)

it

as

Paris

See

suppress
the

it among
the

Arabians

information

(ii,2, 453)

from
Rhases

(De Simpl. 159) ; Averrhoes

In
commend
(ii,518.)
particularaU re-

Ebn

Baithar

dentifrice

odontalgic, and

and

it still is used

(Pharm.

t.

Greek

in the modern

casions,
oc-

Serapion

that

scarcelymention

to

All

their

Avicenna

See

Galen.

and

Dioscorides

of

most

copy

ranks

(ii,
33.)

substances,

emollient

astringent and

various

on

its leaves

He

account

astringent of the

an

prescribesit

decoction

sensible

very

be

to

represents

suppuration, (vi, 18.)

immoderate

stated

gives a

hypocistis. Celsus

as

as, for

treat

also

in the

ii,323) and

poses.
pur-

(1184.)

It is

it is cultivated

that

Pharmacopoeia

need

for these

East

Pereira

we

in Chios.

'S.yoivog,
Juncus, the Rush

astringent in
of

nature

and

but

oxyschoenus

that

of the

'

"

'
"

"

of the

It

the

with

Schceni

(Antiq. of

Royle

Kingd. 113.)
oXo(7/oivoCjthe
Juncus

acutus.
as

who

The

aXna

a.

Schoenus
The

medicine.

represents it

as

Med.

maris

cus

first of these
Thus

being useful

is the

in

to

confound

See

Lemon-grass.

or

and

it is the

ache.
head-

wine, dry up

not

82) and

fruit

discharge.

Schoenus

is the

The

flower

Schoenanthus, then, is

Schoenanthus,

Hindoo

with

attention
The

another.

decidedly the Andropogon

Dr.

female

the

the

it also occasions

drunk

and

requires some

one

diuretic,em-

called,is soporific,

it is

as

less so, and

restrain

it is

varieties.

of two

Hard-rush,

belly and

from

astringent,but

more

consists

or

the

removed

fomentations, potions, and

in

it is

holoschoenus

Commentary.

CoMM.

is not
Hence

varieties,if toasted

Both
fluxes

of

root

marsh-rush

The

the

and

deobstruent

The

cataplasms.
hotter.

degree,

attenuating substances.

menagogue,

of

less

moderately calefacient,but

is

its flower

Lindley (Veg.

Holoschoenus

the

vomiting

the

the
h^vdy^oivoq,

species most

schoenus

of
of

brated
cele-

Dioscorides,
blood, pains

of

SIMPLES.

111.]

SECT.

stomachy lungs, liver, and

the

sessed
and

of

similar

being pos- Comm.

carminative, subastringent,

inflammations

The

other

not

this the

Dierbach

and, indeed,

The

with

along

Arabians

other

display

schoenanths.

See

of

De

Antidot.

succinctly. Is
ing
(v,24.) Accord-

authorities,it

Mulieb.

i.)

i. 111),

in diseases

who

is the

mends
recom-

of the

uterus.

intimate

an

Avicenna

the
acquaintance with
Rhases
(Cont. 1. ult. i,681);

(ii,2) ;

Averrhoes

(ColHg. v, 42 ) ; Ebn
gives a particularlyfull

these

of

from

it, mostly

best

all the

aromatics

Serapion (De Simpl. 103)

Baithar
last
(i,19.) The
account

it very

of

of Celsus

ivoGfioQof Hippocrates (De

it

(i,16.)

treat

hipbath
gives a

as

Galen

(De Simpl. viii,and

rotundi'^

junci

says, is useful

womb,

authorities

flos

"

'

of the

of its virtues.

Greek

as

'

decoction, he

Its

powers.

account

to

kidneys, and

diuretic,eramenagogue,

other
in

a.

367

Arabian

authorities.

all

They

in

and
representingit as being diuretic, emmenagogue,
in apostemes
alexipharmic,and in recommending it particularly

agree

of

the

in

remoAdng

and

anus,

in

scabies.

lassitude.

Dispensatory as

late

Lewis

(ii,20.)

Upon

above,

it will be

seen

Sori,
grosser

resembles

what

Misy.

schoenanth

the

times

as

that

We
have

we

its

deserves

feel that

said

of

our

and

quoted

in the

consisting
still add

must

we

substance

this

to

not

to

appears
be

have

structure, of

and

often

It is

composed

overlooked

under

of

with

well

East.

of

much

of
and

We

have

it is not

regarded. It was
Greeks, and is so by the Turks
it vomits
instantaneously and
\^triol,and

hence

at

used

as

this time.

or

mixt

spongy

the

on

surface.

matter.

The

Derbyshire mines,
depilatoryby the
Taken

inwardly

roughly ; it contains
quality.^' Boerhaavc's
"

'"

it,

vitriolic taste;

earthy

an
our

its emetic

of

Comm.

modern

Sory.

nauseous,

it in

very

head

great

cavernous

efflorescences

dusty
Aatriol,sulphm*, and

it sory.

the

or

something

acquainted with

Rusma

and

disagreeablesmell,

covered

called

been
"

mineral, blackish,hard, heavy,

cupreous

authors

known

powers,

in

place

(i,1, 12)

modern

it is still well

in

Quincy

following description of it, by

authority,who

but

held

of

consulting the

say, is efficacious

particles.

The

ancients

oil, they

The

misy

Commentary.
to

Its

"

"

'

SIMPLES.

368

Materia

CoMM.
""

'
"

"

INIedica^ translated

possessed of caustic

and

as

(v, 118.)

sciatica,"c.

chalcitis, but

and

medicinal
and

Galen,

head

of

that

he

Rhases,

like

in

His

only

that

it dries

fatal.

other

gives from
and
the

calls

it in

strongly,and

lungs

1. ult.

It

i, 747.)

the

is

and
of

this

his

meaning

48.) The
is mostly

made

Avicenna.

(ii,510.)

different

He

good

any

smell

of

it is

have

way

Like

reason.

thing

and

so

excite

of it will sometimes

thought

rubeum

of

translation
proper

any

(Pract. ii,

gives

the

of them

as

Dioscorides,

he

as

the

we

N.

and

Pliny

can

see,

recommends

of the

stomach,

vomiting. (H.

of

sory

far

to

prove

may

Dioscorides, Galen,

spreading ulcers

offensive

like

\dtriolum

vitriols.

Baithar

others, but,

the

teeth

Ebn
from

extracts

Some

of the

diseases
says

of

up

three

of the

which

account

that

from

without
it in

lengthy

description

sciatica.

in

the

(CoUig. v, 43.) In the most barbarous

it is scarcely possible to extract
Haly Abbas
from

Galen

general head

Averrhoes.
of

and

(c. 386.)

vitriolum

the

the

ruflfum,and,

says

in

of

and

teeth

authority, Bimasui,

(vi,9.)

Galen,

under

carious

in

opium,

rubeum

Zeg

vitriolum

sory,

misy

scribes
Serapion dethe general

Dioscorides

chalcitis

in

them

diseases

under

two

and

sory,

like

from

that

Dioscorides

Arabian

(Cont

the

above

translates

recommends

the

stated

with

manner,

wine

water, and, like

and

of

He

Dioscorides,

sciatica

specificname

descriptionof misy,
of vitriolum.

in

in

the

vitriolum,and

merely

soluble

differ

insoluble

it is

have

along

soiy

it in toothache,

prescribes it along with

stufl"ugto carious teeth,

says

We

2, 47.)
(ii,
the

materially

prescribes it

Dioscorides, he
teeth,

as

it is not

says

not

galbanura
like

Avicenna,

Galen

under

injectionwith

an

vii.

nauseating,

lie recommends

vari, as

Celsus

powers.

pepper,

powers

does

See

(227.)

blackish^ fetid,and

it

applicationto

an

Goade

by

calls

Dioscorides

Chalcitis,

[book

that

mouth.
the

very

xxxiv, 30.)

Tapis^ot,
Salsamenta, Pickles;

their

flesh

is

possessed

of

acrid

and

given, therefore, to persons

much
eat
bitten
as
as
by the viper prester, that they may
They also are
freely,and vomit.
possible,and drink of wine
suitable
to the
regimen of acrid food ; and ai'e applied with
desiccative

advantage

powers.

to

persons

They

bitten

are

by dogs

and

other

reptiles.

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

Pickled

Commentary.
and

on

all

it

Dioscorides

as

It appears

tunny

{Scomber Thynnus)
accordinglymost

best

the

medical
an

from

Fish.

Dioscorides

Comm.
"

was

"""^

ac-

used
in
pickle,and it was
the brine of pickled fish
practice. Galen recommends
lotion to sores
injectionin dysentery,and a stimulant
of
account
Serapion gives the same
parts of the body.

counted

as

the

that

Xenocrates

369

and

Galen.

Seth

Svmeon

forbids

to

us

eat

they are apt to occasion

alphos
stances,
highly probable that indigestiblesub-

pickles after venesection, as

and

scabies.

It

if taken
be

may

seems

into

stomach

the

and

rapidly absorbed,

humours,

of which

by castingthem

natm'e

forth

the

veins

the

rise

give

the

to

endeavour

may

by

when

formation

free

to

empty,

are

the

of

system

skin.

TavooKoWa,
TaurocoUa

(calledby
from

made

detergent
from

and

and

auribus

ex

eflScacius

Pliny

prodest

Avicenna

author.

says

and

vinegar,it

it prevents

it,

triturated

biu-ns

It is also

with

Glutiuum

"

moves
re-

oxymel.

prastantissi-Comm.

genitalibus. Nee quidquam

(H. N. xx\iii,72.) Dioscorides
et

taurorum

ambustis."

recommend

It will

in

stance
sub-

considerably

in hot water.

Avhen
of

glutinous

is of

dissolved

dissolved

when

applicationfor wounds

fit

and

superficial
leprosies
;

Commentary.
mum

of oxen,

when

Hence,

getting inflamed

suitable

hides

the

powers.

lichen

XylocoUa),is

some

it in

the

mentioned

cases

perceived that

readilybe

it

was

by our
species of

gelatin.See KoAXa.
TfXXii'ca,
Tellinse,Limpets ;
caustic
from
the

when

which

mixed
the

cedar

L.
eclules,
and

is

are

author^s

ashes

appliedto

have

been

different,however,

from

the

torn

are

parts
out

by

from

account

repeated by

of them

is taken

are

the
from

speciesCoM\f.
Mytili

is

heating

in

the

second
24

'

corides,
Dios-

Avicenna.

Tcrebinthus, Turpentine,
111.

and

their

eyebrows
growing again.
to
INIatthiolus,
According
they

They
Our

rosin

of the

roots, it prevents them

mussels.

burnt,

pickled and

with

hairs

Commentary.
of

when

degree,

'
'

SIMPLES.

370

and

desiecative,when

the

The

second.

of

in

green,

fniit,when

desiccants.

[book
first,but

the

dried, belongs

is, therefore, diuretic

It

when
the

to

and

VII.

dried, in
third

useful

order

for

the

spleen.
It

Commentary.

CcMM.
"

'
"

corides
He

recommends

Of

the

The

ancients, as

the hroitm

of the

urine, and

(H.

N.

from

as

Our

xxiv, 18.)

Galen.

rosin

turpentine
He

author^s

and

303)

Rhases

article

this

diseases

adds,

the

under

copies from
(ii,144.)

ing
(i,91.) Accordthe tui'peutine

Dioscorides.

it is

condensed

especiallythe resin,

more

occm"

also

in the

in

applications
2,
(ii,

used

Avicenna

See

i, 342.)

head

same

of

excitat.^^

venerem

of

ulcers.

1. ult.

(Cont.

of the
familiar

"

account

and

head

it in retention

They
frequentlyprescribedby Celsus.
much
Turpentine was
Hippocratic treatises.
cutaneous

phalangia.

very

was

are

to

the
the

recommends

turpentines,and

The

under

Dios-

aphrodisiacal.

of

stated^ were

have

Pliny likewise
gentle laxative.

ancients.

the

treated

we

Hill, the Chian

to Dr.

bites

rosin,called cohphony.

hJack

or

L.

and
hot, diui'etic,

is

have

we

Terebinthus

Pistacia

internallyfor

it

turpentine resin

Resinae.
with

its fruit

that

states

is the

Serapion

with

lentiscus.

the

See

Ebn

give

them

(De Sim pi. 153.)

of

treats

He

Baithar

TfTTtysCj
Cicadas
in
an

and

some,

colic affections

equal
give

the

to

of

number
them

dried

them

number

of

having

drink

to

of

grains

three, five,or
Others

pepper.
who

those

to

raw,

have

to

drink

seven,

with
them

roast

affections

of the

bladder.

'
"

the

Romans
but

the

not

was

insect

the

and

t'^tti^of the Greeks

The

Commentary.

CoiiM.
"

has

grasshopper,as

which

has

been

the
been

cicada
often

of
presented,
re-

properly called

more

tree-hopper in English, namely the cicale of the Italians.

The
most
probably the Cicada orni.
specieshere noticed was
of the
them
diseases
Dioscorides
in
merely recommends
bladder,
(ii,56.) Pliny gives a very interesting description
of them, but it contains
nothing which, in a medical point of

the

view, would
author
the

of
in

present

our

Galen.

foUows

works

of them

suit

Celsus,

an}^

of

purpose.

(De Simpl. xi.) They do

nor

the

have

we

been

Arabians, with

Our

xi, 32.)

(H. N.

not

occur

able

to

discover

the

exception of

in

traces

Ebn

Dioscorides, like

Herbis, 56.)

CoMM.
'

'

author,

our

recommends

vir.

it for

plied
apgiven internallyand when
spleen,both when
also
and
as
an
applicationto
externallyin a cataplasm,
animals,
bites of venomous
110.) Our author borrows
(iii,

the

reducing

"

[book

SIMPLES.

372

the

of

works

either

found

it in the

of

the

Dioscorides, and

the

since

the

long

is

have

we

the

Sontheimer,

identifies

It

{\\,466.)

Teucrium.

his

of

IS'either
Dr.

Baithar,

Ebn

Chum^dnjs

the

with

Murum

Arabians.

it in the

discover

to

Celsus.

of

or

of the

works

able

been

not

Hippocrates

translator

German

with

have

'We

Galen.

from

Teucrhun
T.

flamim

Teucrhun

Dispensatory,but it is still not

it is
where
in the shops of the apothecaries,
wholly unknown
T. flavum is also to be
The
reputed to be emmenagogue.
found
in the shops, and has still the reputation of being useful
liver and
of the
in diseases
spleen. See Gray (Suppl. to
disappeared

Mariim

from

our

Pharmacop. 49.)

Ticpoa,
Cinis, Ashes;
thev

but
that

has

been

oak

and

the

they

"

That

fig and

the

of

Cineres

in

of

they

and

are

useful

Our

pungency.

Rhases
in

the

says

dissoMng

the

also

ashes

of

mezereon

in

author

different

physiciansas
that

of

contrary
them, and

the

author.

quinsy,and

from

Avicenna
a

stimulant

Mansor.

latter work

as

were

igneous nature,

an

(Ad

his

him

They
and

caustic

have

is terrene

cineres.

they possess
In

remains

borrows

soft tumours.

(Cont. 1. ult. i, 214.)

principallyfrom Galen and our
See

pearlashes,consisting
various
impurities.
stances
of vegetable subresidue
with

strained, what

and

is at

detergent.

in
they have something terrene
When, then^ they
a
fuhginous nature.
water

that

of the

ashes

the

burnt, being composed

of
particular characters
used
much
by the ancient

applications,

the

are

astringency,so
other
remedy
as

the

as

were

mixed

potass

been

have

dissolved
devoid

and

These

for that
qualities,
also something of

and

acrid

more

which

been

such

become

that

no

substances^

spurge

remarks,

Galen

when

acrid

of

of

tlie wood

of

things,such

sour

degree

from

carbonate

the

small

no

hemorrhage

Commentary.
'

'

ilex,ha^e

the

to

ment,
tempera-

same

difference

ashes, then, of

The

burnt.

exactly the

not

according

varv

restrain

hand.

CoMM.
'

will

have

all kinds

he

iii,
47.)
borrows

recommends

stimulant

to

the

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

The

sight.

See

class.

and

Kovta*

Tpu^

is

Telephium^ Orpine,
a

suitable

alphos with

CoMMENTARV.
it is not

Sedum

the

also Parkinson
in

the

forms
with

agree
works

of

either

been

able

of

of

thelopium of

the

Hippocrates

Ebn

Comm,

this

to

and

'
'

leuce

cures

and

his

as

See

'
'

principally

characters

of
in

occur

Celsus, neither

we

of

the

be

it

translator

it

the

have

it in those

German

Coxmm.
'

minor.
it

not

of

and

Sprengel,that

Cerinthe

traces

it is

hence

highly probable,

seems

Baithar,

and

Galenas

of

or

order, but

first

It does

distinct

any

belong

recommends

author.

our

unless, which

Arabians,

the

Sibthorp

Dioscorides

observe

to

with

leprosy, (ii,217.)

those

septicmedi-

"

detergent ;

Telephium, but

(520.)

of

putrid ulcers,

think

We

the

onov.

It is also

applicationto
vinegar.

of

one

of wine

lees

calefacient

second.

of the

desiccant

burnt

The

(ii,2, 188.)

cines.

says, is

ciueris,he

aqua

373

the

tures,
conjec-

(ii.161.)
Tj^Aic,
Foenum
but

Grsecum, Fenugreek, is heating in the second

desiccative

all hot

in the

phlegmons

scirrhous, it

are

It

Celsus, who

by

cures

it

enumerates

in

cataplasm

external
of the

as

of its decoction

bowels, and
account

but
that

of
not

Damon

for

and

the

the
gave

whole

TrigoneUa

Hippocrates. (De
Foenum

"

as

Fosnum

Comm.

jSIulieb.

Grsecum'^

"

of

nally.
internallyand exterpowder of it in the form

inflammations, both

as

a
a

medicated
in

pessary
and

fetid

(ii,125.)

purposes,

its medicinal

such

an

for tenesmus

other

hot, and

Arctseus, both

various

organs,

of

progress

emollient
ingredient in an
It is
soothing cataplasm, (ii,33.)
as

ingredient in

an

female

it is the
of

works

recommends

to

less

are

is, unquestionably, the

Dioscorides
a

expedites the

which

doubt

prescribed repeatedly by
of

it

discussingthem.

in the

occurs

(v, 21), and

pessary

those

Without

It

i, 617.)

and

Commentary.
Grcecum.

first ; hence

order,

virtues,in which
is derived

its seeds

in

from

draught

internal

bath
the

same,

diseases
an

tion
injec-

dischargesfrom
Pliny gives a
a

considerable

Dioscorides.
to

for

and

promote

He

the
full
tion
por-

says

menstrua-

'
*

tion.

CoMM.

its

mentions

also

He

in ulceration

being taken

vii.

of the

coughs, (xxiv,120.) Galen, Aetius, and

terms
as
our
same
in nearly the
Oribiisins
give its characters
Avicenna
2, 246) ; Serapion
(ii,
author.
For the Arabians, see
(Collig.
(Cont 1. nit. i, 294) ; Averrhoes
(De Simpl.); Rhases

'

^"^^

[book

SIMPLES.

374

chest

V,

chronic

and

42)

Baithar

Ebn

Avicenna,
especially
not

appear

had

been

at

treat

authors, and

these

Though

(i,333.)

great length of this article,it does

than
cases
as
they
they appliedit in many more
ever,
it,howThey recommend
taught by the Greeks.
oil of roses, as an
appKcation to burns, and as an
that

with

fetor of
ingredient in coUyria. They say the oil of it cures
and of the alvine discharges.
the perspiration,
and
the breath
and
it as being diuretic, emmenagogue,
They all commend
promoting impregnation. They further represent it as being
an

Quincy (i,4, 219),

to

It has

authorities.

ancient

assigned

the

it

to

by

pensatory,
disappeared from our Disthe Greek
Pharmacopoeia.

now

in

is still retained

but

in his time

that

seen

characters

the

still maintained

fenugreek
the

it will be

ence
refer-

Upon

expectorant in diseases of the chest.

excellent

(Athens, 1837.)

Tithymalli,Spurges
of

order
the

to

the

they
for
and

of teeth

hollow
it

burn

They

like, and

clear

and

ill-conditioned

but

therefore

and

time.

short
the

when
The

teeth.

of carious

and

acrimony

calefacients,with

being weaker,

root

pains

T^idv/LiciAXoi,
all the speciesof

also
away

it

of the

are

strong bitterness

they

the

remove

hairs

if rubbed

the

affections

of

skin, and

the
There

cure

being

seven

{Wood
and

that

in order

PettymuUein {Broad-leaved
Cyparissias{Cypress Spurge), and then the
resembles

and
{Sea Spurge),

Maritimus

in

myrmecia, acrochordoues,

remove

plant, the strongest are the Characias

the Myrsinitis[Myrtle-leaved Spurge),
{Tree Spurge) ; but next
rocks, Arboreus

Sjmrge), and

but

with

phagedainic ulcers.

Spurge), and
growing upon
species which
are, that

vinegar,allays the
juicesbeing stronger are appHed
the rest of the body
if they touch
boiled

this

species of

fourth

the

Helioscopius {Sun Sjmrge

or

Wurtwort.)
^'^

"

That

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

referable

to

the

genus

the

Tithymalliof

Euphorbia

or

the

Spurge,

ancients
cannot

are

admit

all
of

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

Dioscorides, Pliny, Apiileins,and,

doubt,

any

2. E.

word,

of

Comm.
^

seven

give the

to

nomenclature

E.

5.

helioscojna.

venture

in

describe

Paulus,

our

may

Eiqjhorbiacharacias.

1.

E.

we

botanical

the

in

names

4.

wliicli

species,to

medicinal

time.

like
autliorities,

ancient

of the

most

375

ing
follow-

the

present

myrsinites. S. E.paralias.
6.

cypcmssias.

E.

dendroides.

Sprengel (Ad Dioscor.); Lindley

platypliyUos. See
Translation
of
Ebn
Baithar
(Veg. Kingd. 277) ; German
these, the medical
(Gard, Diet.) Besides
(ii,525) ; Miller
E.

7.

authors

full

treated

The

of

at

(Celsus

nearly the

giving them
part

to

For

the

Arabians,

(ii,2, 421)
42)

1. ult.

(Cont.

(1.c.)

Baithar

Ebn

noticed

are

i, 718)

They

an

in

agree

in

Dioscorides, and

in part to

them

and

author, who,

our

Avicenna

Averrhoes

in

by Hippocrates.

Serapion (De Simpl. 360)

see

Rhases

of

as

These

for

space

All, however,

characters

same

Several

Galen.

possiblyfind

cannot

we

is indebted

present instance,

gives

xxvi, 39, 46.)

(H.
great a length by Dioscorides

so

and

7),

v,

Pliny, who

See

particular views.

their

by particular
tithymallus was

N.

spurges.

authorities,that

other

exposition of

v,

the

of

account

plants are

the

spurge

''

"

the

of

peplis,thymelsea,"c.
lathyris,
marina"
"lactuca
by the Romans
lactuca
lactaria"
and
caprina."

called

species

as

names,

also

other

several

of

treat

recommend

(Collig.

them

in

the

views of
supplying any new
much
importance. They prescribe a few drops of the juice of
mend
recoma figas a phlegmagogue. They further
spurge poured upon
with caries
in malignant ulcers and those attended
them
be allowed
And
to
of the bones.
here, by the way, we
may
that

mention

Greeks,

authority confirms

modern

without

efficacyof the spurges

ii,2.) In the present age, we
the

of

say

the

as

cases

same

(x,c.

the

as

ourselves

upon

whether

spurges,
to

in this

the

or

not

ancients
Hildanus

See

case.

discarded

have

wisely

Avhat

such
will

we

tives
purganot

take

say.

TtVai'Ot,',
Calx,
to

form

not

so

flesh.
with

Lime

eschars
after
When

water;

some

the

; when

days.

washed
but

Calx

viva

{Qmcklime)

slacked, it forms
It contracts,

it loses

it becomes

strongly so

eschars

however,

it pungency,

if in sea-water,

burns

and

at

as

first,but

wastes

if this is often

the
done

decidedlydetergent.

SDIPLES.

376

Commentary.

CoMM.

It appears

[bookvti.
tlie Lime

that

Dioscorides

from

'

"
'

used

by

ancient

from

sliellsj
pebbles,or

tlie

Pliny,Vitruvins, and
white

hard,

Palladius
Lime

stone.

last is the

best

the best lime

is

Avliicb

marble,

say, that

used

much

was

calcination

prepared by

physicians^-was

got

all.

from
and

caustic

as

of

''

Xa^iaroq of the Greek Mat. Med.

application. The
applied
we
beheve, signifiesquicklime, and is never
invariably,
stimulant

to

mineral

the

of

all kinds
rotic
it

power

cious.
and

also

as

See

Aetius

other

also

Oribasius
and

Dioscorides

from

Plinius

and

the

and

says,

more

efiica-

same

cases,

Celsus

(v,6, 8.)
Galen.

from

of

account
as

N.

(H.

substances,

used

oil,

epulotic;

(iii,20.)

same

was

eschaor

strumse.

is condensed

the

Quickhme

is

in

caustic

give nearly

Galen.

suet

as

water

Yalerianus

of this article

account

and

things

depilatory, and

free

in his list of coiTOsive

author's

Our

with

it
Pliny recommends
applicationto luxations

an

xxxvi, 57.)

Dioscorides

name.

fiery,biting,caustic,and

and

is recent

(v, 132.)

places it

that

digestive,emolKent,
which

that

have

mixed

when

bears

now

quicklime

becomes

and

which

it

as

in

medicine

(See Erotianus.) For the Arabians,

Avicenna
consult
2, 144) ; Rhases
(Cont. 1. ult. iii,20, i,
(ii,
(Pract. ii,44) ;
445) ; Serapion (De Simpl. 412) ; Haly Abbas
these
All
Baithar
Averrhoes
387.)
(CoUig. v, 43) ; Ebn
(ii,
the
is by far the most
last,who
authorities,including even

the

Hippocratic

originalof
head

their

age.

writers

all their

almost

praisesit

AAicenna

the

on

information

as

Tragacantha^ Tragacanth,
Commentary.

CoMM.
'

'
"

the

modern,

The
which

is

from

apphcation to

an

has

borrow

Med.,

Mat.

Dioscorides

under

this

Galen.

and

burns.

similai* powers

ancient

Tragacanth
yielded by Astragalus

to

gum.

identical

was

venis,

and

with

similar

spiny species. See Lindley (Veg. King. 548.) According to

monly
comSibthorp, the Astragalus aristatus is the one which most
grows
the

in
T.

Dioscorides, like
gum,

and
of the

with

honev.

the
of
our

recommends

Dioscorides.

it in
of

he

(Prod.

author, states,

windpipe, loss
He

and

Peloponnesus,

that

holds

Fl.

that

Grsec.

in virtue

it produces

ii, 90.)

it resembles

ness
ophthalmic remedies, for roughin a hnctus
speech, and epistaxis,

also recommends

it when

allowed

to

melt

be-

low

tongue, for

tlie

mixed

its virtues
than
him

other

other

It is

the

the

Astragalus aristatus
said
tragacanth. It is there

the

authorities

and

is

is

state

it.

described
be

Baithar

(ii,350.)

Greek

modern

to

more

prescribedby

Arabians, Ebn
of

Comm.

little fissile ^""^'

ingredient in

an

{xi,6),
Of

purposes.

Greek

gives the fullest account

(ii,2, 220.) In the

who

one

also A^dcenna

See

the

bladder, when

washed, and

general terms.
collyriaof Celsus

for various
the

and

and

and

kidneys

in very
of the

one

377

the

burnt

Galen

(iii,
20.)

of

pain

hartshorn

with

alum,

is

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

macopoeia
Phar-

producing

as

in

common

the

Pelepouuesus.

Tpu-yiov,
the

Wort, is

St. John's

Tragium, Stinking

lentisk, being hot

the

in

possessed of attractive,discutient, and

of wood,
extracts
sharp-pointedweapons
tic and

when

emmenagogue

drunk

in

third

degree^

attenuant

and

the

to

plant

Crete

sembling
re-

and
It

powers.

lithontrip-

proves
of

amount

di'achm.

is bitterer
than
this, resembling
species,which
It
is
ceterach, grows everywhere.
sufficiently
astringentso

Another

to

with

a2:ree

From

the

description which

need
species,we
gives of the former
for the Hypericum
settiug it down

of

very

celebrated

wc

been

have

been

works

our

as

Dioscorides

little hesitation

hircinum.

In

the

assigned from

Dioscorides

virtues

same

in the

Arabians, with

gives

has

botanist.

nearly the

plants occurs
have

Columns

Tragium

name

as

fluxes.

Commentary.

the

the

Galen

and
author.

in

'

'
"

other,

the

name

ascribe

Neither

Comm.

of

to

it

these

Neither
Hippocrates or Celsus.
successful in searching for it in the works
of the
the exceptionof those of Ebn
Baithar^who merely
from

extracts

of

Dioscorides

Galen

and

under

head,

this

155.)
(ii,

Tragoriganon,
addition

of

glnthiosa.
Avholesome

are

resembling marjoram,

powers

with

the

astringcncy.

some

Commentary.

probably

has

The
the

Thymus

According
when

the

species described

two

to

decoction

useful
dejections; arc
with
vinegar,and also

L., and

Tragoriganum
him, they

in

diseases

to

persons

of
who

Dioscorides
the

Stachys

heating, diuretic,and

are

is drunk

by

the

thev

occasion

spleen
have

when

swallowed

bilious
taken
ixia.

Comm.
'

'
'

SIMPLES.

378

They

CoMM.

are

and

emraenagogue,

[book

in

pneumonia

potion,

with

linctus

and

is

hence

It

honey.

given

to

and

coughs

makes

an

able
agree-

affected

persons

eructations, and

acid

indigestion,and

nausea,

in

given

are

'
'

vii.

who

with
ject
sub-

are

In a
and
heat of the hypochondria.
anxiety,nausea,
(iii,32.)
cataplasm with polenta they also discuss tumours,
authorities treat of it very briefly.
Galen
and
the other Greek
to

Celsus

calls

have

able

been

not

to

discutieut.

and

it diuretic

find

these

We

(iii,21, "c.)

plants

in the

of

works

the

Arabians.

Caltrop, is moderately refrigerant

; the

Tribolus, the

slightlyso, and it
in incipientinflammations

speciesis strongly desiccative,but the water

is moistening. Both
are
befittingremedies
and

consistingof
'

'
'

subtile

is the

one

(H. N.

He

xxii, 12.)

mostly from
copiesfrom Galen,
have

long

that

out

the

Trapa

in

the

the

nutans.

Serapion (c. 112) ; Ebn

both
species as being
Both

nutans

excluded
in the

the

and
from

at

(ii,2, 382)

of

manifestly
do

the

same.

and

Hippocrates
length

more

than

the

(Cont. 1. ult. i,
mend
(i,307.)
They recomRhases

Baithar

and
aphrodisiac,lithontriptic,

species here

Tribulus

them, however,

author

Oribasius

works

of them

treat

of

Our

and

Aetius

them

Avicenna

See

diuretic.

Trapa

other

the

(iv,15.)

both

Arabians

The

Greeks.
;

calculi.

this account

borrows

and

found

not

Celsus.

721)

caltrop,

to

Dioscorides.

"We

land

anti-inflammatory, and
Pliny, then' juices are
gredient
application to phlegmons and ulcers ; an inproper
in collyria
discuss
lithontriptic.
strumee, and
;
prove

According
form

terrestris,and

Tribulus

the

clearly made

be

to

seems

of

fruit
renal

parts,breaks
It

Commentary.

CoMM.

The

influxes.

other

land

descril)ed,that is

to

say, the

terrestris,
although they have

Dispensatories,are
See
shops.
Gray (Suppl. to
our

still not
Pharm.

been

wholly

known
un-

84-,117.)

Tpayoc,
species of Frumentacea,
indigestibleand laxative.

Tragus,
more

Commentary.

CoMM.

method

The

of

is like

preparing it

far

(spelt),but

is thus

described

'

in

the

Geoponica.

hull,and

dried

in

Spelt
the

warm

is to
sun

be
;

steeped
then

and

the

same

strippedof
thing is

its
to

SIMPLES.

380

it is used

that

belly,and

CoMM.
'

'
"

and

the

other

hot

in

the

shall not
in this

third

enter

'

"

of

bite

Abbas

hairs

burnt
mad

in

Scarifications

cases

of difficult

humid

and

nature

caustic,

become

so

hair

the

leprous

detergent
every

'
"

"

respect

than

Commentary.

CoMM.
"

of the

remedies

with

caustics
Celsus

ranks

Dioscorides

lees of

The

lees

of this

which

the

and

ancient

article.

He

as

of

that

author
says

among

who
the

and

the

guishes
extinlees

cations.
appli-

rosin, and

night

with

oil
the

is stronger in

astringent.

of

vinegar
the

"

are

most

is that

fullest

strong

powerful

adurentia.''

gives the
best

of

burnt

acquainted.

were

it

ingredient in

more

among

ancients

with

vinegar

and

of wine
were

an

which

caustic

whole

Avine,and

combusta"

"fcex
is the

eyes

the

preparationsof potass,

for

it is used

washed

When

lentisk.

The

nails

is

astringency

with

mixed

be

to

compounded,

phygethla,

breasts.

rubbed

yellow, when

Mar-

complaints

in

It discusses

often

of this

by

from

wine

used

be

over-distended
as

sting

is
But

species of

the

It, therefore, removes

dves

unburnt

discutient.

and

fluxes.
in

milk

the

to

the

xxxii,26.)

N.

is, therefore, to

It

tooth

marina

recommended

are

^vt, Oll'OU,
of Wine, when

superadded according

'

Haly

weak

Pastinaca

with

gums

dentition

desiccative

decidedlv

is formed.

of the

Pliny (H.

the Lees

Vini,

Fgex
beinff

and

of the

treated

havc

Wc

Sideta

cellus

of

and

it fall out.

V.

in Book
fish

ulcers, and

foul

2, 191),
(ii,

Avicenna

See

Arabians

The

applicationto

m^ooI.

burnt

to

powers

Tpvywi' BaXaaaii],
its sting when
pressedupon

makes

CoMMENTAKY.

'

we

Arabians

of the

Galen.

follows

an

as

dog.

marina

it,and

breaks

'

stated

(Pract.ii,52, 552.)

Pastinaca

CoMM.

similar

have

author

Our

recommend
the

'"

burnt

when

Commentary.

CoMM.

views

and

taste

place.

Pili, Hairs,
'"

the

to

already

reason

expositionof the

an

upon

the

For

degree.

it acrid

call

authorities

Greek

vii.

Galen

alexipharmic.(iv,133.)

an

as

[book

Hence

(v,8.)
tion
descrip-

procured

from

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

Italian

old
the

soon

be

left

uncovered,

nor

washed

like

tumours

and
by itself,

it

swelled

breasts

rubbed

in

hairs

The

lees of

us

the

air.

thus

in
that

says

and

as

are

more

stronger than
the

from

lees

of

Dioscorides

Dioscorides

wine

it

is

as

an

of

strength,

dii'ects
them

expose
medicine
In

xxiii,32.)

to

of great

short, his

is almost

entirely

Rhases, in like

Baithar

the

clouds

Avicenua

the

applied on

others.

author.
Ebn

Its

not

mushrooms.

(H. N.

vinegar

(ii,
2, 241.)
om*

nails

complaints
to

51.)
(iii,
aceti

and

likewise

When

of females.

and

leprous

escharotic.

of the

any

Serapion (Dc Simpl. 3G)

represses

burnt.

ftex

and

vinegar, it

cicatrices

vessel,and

close

genitals,
which

antidote

an

Valer.

the

and

diseases, and

by beiug
genital organ

lees

cataplasm
when
applied
a

whole

away

is

It

tumours

recommends

it

Plinius

with

it

night, it makes
applicablein diseases of
a

clears

cutaneous

commends

the

copies from
See

in

hence

adds, discusses

he

rosin, removes

Pliny

various

the

He

borrowed

He

faex, must

and

dissipateshard

with

vinegar, he says,

of

account

it

washed, it is

manner

keep

powers,

'
'

its vessel.

unburnt,

is increased

in like
to

Comm.
'

coals.

The

powers.

without

privet for

of

(v, 131.)

it cleans

See

oil

He

eyes.

says,

says,

heated

upon

evaporates,

rubbed

burnt

when

eye.

the

tent

fluor

when

the

application to

he

Some, he

part of the abdomen

lower

spodos, and

like

the

on

of

with

yellow ;

eyes,

that

myrtle ; when applied as

the bellyand stomach; and

female

ulcerated

not

and

with

the

to

manner

mitigatesthe

are

The

pompholyx.

defluxions

it represses
in like

some

it

recent, for

when

not

must

wine

powers.

desiccative

septic and

styptic,very
u"cd

intense

shells,and

similar

any

possessed of strongly caustic,detergent, escharotic,

it is

be

possessed of

fresh

it npon

says

failingit,from

or,

is

aceti

fc"x

burn

wine,

381

(Cont.1. ult.

manner,

i, 290.)

(i,419.)

TpwyXooi'rrjg,
Troglodyta, is
exception

This

hedges.
or

raw,

of the

breaks

burnt, if taken
Commentary.
this

small

Sparroiv, the smallest

of all

birds, with

the

called

regulus ; and living principallyin

animal
when
either roasted
pickled, and eaten
down
in the kidneys; and its ashes when
stones
in a draught, do the same
thing.
one

We

species of

have
sparrow

mentioned
Mas

in

supposed

Book
to

III, that

Comm.
"

possess

great

SIMPLES.

382

CoMM.

as

powers

'""''

Bibl.

to

think

Our

that

it

author,

only

of

one

the

Materia

the
from

far

as

authorities

who

but

he

Medica

to

inclined

are

the

animal

in

this

descriptionof

his

borrows

wren.

discover, is

included

has

the

vii.

hedge-sparrow.

or

able

been

have

we

as

modularis

Accentor

the

was

however,

We,

Chinu'g. i, 254.)

it

calls

lithontriptic.Drelincurtius

(Mangeti

[book

it

Aetius, (iii,
3, 11.)

Tufoc;
Cheese

Caseus,

discutient

powers

wounds.

Old

in

cheese, especiallysuch
be

to

fit

Our

Commentary.
'

perties of

applicationto
with

that

(ii,79.)

Cheese

it

author's

plaints,
com-

of swines^

flesh

medicinal

of the

account

mostly abridged

is

ulcers.
discutient

Galen.

from

writer
who

both

fresh

with

arthritic

see

cheese

cheese

old

cheese

application to

favorably
(ii,2, 123.)

Pergamus

Avicenna,

recommends

of

cheese,

to

about

ulcers, and

recent

He

Baithar,

used

was

According

to

other

fatty,becomes
tophi in arthritic

decoction

the

cutient,
dis-

is

'^

Caseus
Galen

also

Dioscorides

is

cation
good appli-

ill-conditioned

to

the

pro-

kind

The

the
the same,
as
we
oxygalactinus
suppose,
cum
oxymelite" of Pliny. (H. N. xxviii,34.)

acidus
says

as

is

called

pellent
re-

tinate
applied to agglu-

when

as

so

soft,has

and

fat.

pickled and
'

made,

new

oxygalactinus acquires slightly

is more
agglutinative of
addition, and

particularlyalong
CoMM.

is

called

That

wounds.

as

cooling gently,

powers,

so

which

that

brine

of bacon
He

chalk-stones.

as

speaks

in

ophthalmia,
application
article
than
of
this
He
treats
more
fully
any
of
Ebn
Mat.
the
Med., with the exception
on
gives a long dissertation on the propertiesof
fresh

as

an

cheese

as

an

article of food

Serapion merely gives

(De Sirapl.157.

extracts

and
from

as

medicine,

Dioscorides

(i,239.)

and

Galen.

YaKivBoQ,

Hyacinthus, Hyacinth
to

che

first order

its root
of

being bulbous-shaped

desiccants

and

the

second-

longs
beof

refrigerants. If appliedin a cataplasm with wine, it is believed

fruit is
to keep children
long from coming to pubert3^ The
gently detergent and astringent. It is, therefore, given in

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

wine, being

with

jaundice

of

cases

383

desiccative

more

hut

less

refrigerant.

Avicenna

same

terms

and

theriac
British

author.

our

as

It

alexipharmic.

Glass, when

is said

break

to

makes

which

of

of Persia

is made

of vessels

of

been

(xvi);
769.)
"

glass.(H.

xxvii.)
Athen.
From

^lanifestius

about

in

From
the

time
On

the

with
the

used

of late much

times.

were

The

more

hyalus

or

mentioned

afterwards, for
medicines
have

appear

entertained

found

(Ad Solin.
of Lactantius

ancients

in

windows

ea

quae

oculos

perlucente \itro

was

of

in the

ruins

expected
its

vitrum, however,

We
of

from

scarcity in
was

it.

Strabo

see

(De Opificio Dei, 8.)

been

made

under

placed

Salmasius.

fenestras

pots- de-

it would

works

in

observations

ancients,

per

to

appears

commonly

like

and

quae

plenteous than

formerly

and

were

the

out

Nubes"

"

Glass

to

in the

by

court

interesting account

of the
;

in

wine

his

certain

the

or

esse,

glass has

In

Comm.

date.

the

It is also

Pliny

stones

following passage

per

74.)

an

in

passage

glass cups

glass was

from

facilitate the

to

foil

white

later

undiluted

recommends

precious

est, mentem

that

1.

keep

order

opposita transpiciat quasi

speculari lapide obductas."
scarcely say

drunk

his time

to

thin

of

xxx^i, 65.)

(xviii,28, ed. Schw.)

that

appears

which

to

Orphic remains,

glass.

N.

Actuarius

glass

of

his

of

directing

of

had

Pliny gives

use

urine.

glass in

he

mirrors

and

glass;

with

ambassador

an

gold. (Acharn.

common

imitations

(H. N.

it

of

made
the

upon

that

say

Dioscorides

chumbre

in

unknown

generally supposed

of Plato.

in

of

vessels

that

as

bladder.

the

glass, since

now

burning

Timseus

find

we

it

believe, is the first writer

we

Acharnenses,^^
to

invention

have

are

glass and

mentions

of the

"

drunk

in the

stones

of

noticed,

comedy

the

and

pounded

down

mention

it is

In his

in

been

'
"

YaXoc,

Aiistophaues,

Commentary.

he

recommend

long

'

in the

propertiesnearly

has

Comm.

Pharmacy.

Vitrum,

who

Matthiolus

Pliny, Dioscorides,

further

They

'

"wine

L.

its medicinal

enumerate

and

Sprengel

as

orientalis

Hi/acinthus

state, it is the
and

doubt,

Without

Commentary.

term

sunt
aut

need

Pompeii
the

ideas

ancient

applied

SIMPLES.

384

crystal

to

CoMM.
'

well

as

'

suppose,
says

generally applied

it is

"

of

men,

that

colour, and
in

occur

burnt

Med.

from

Med.

Mat.
;

of

saying
is

vitrum

it has

says,

fool

of

species

its

to

dry

and

When

pounded

as

is

applied

Ebn

any

regularly
of the

svstems

(i,723)
is the

Serapion
He

fourth

and

is

Baithar

article.

the

its

to

so

the

thority
au-

quotes Galen
He

degree.

says

; that

stony

is mixed
He

when

with

up

ductility.

it,it
of

says

it

white, like crystal,wliicli is the

as

forth.

second
to

the

He

baldness.

for

as

case,

he

in

it
and

that

crystalis

mineral

it is hot

says

beard

as

state.

in the

fiu'fures

removes

first

of the

depilatory.

Avine, it is lithontriptic. One

Mesuai, says glass is good for

Avicenna

further

applicationto

an

adds

found

that

head

with

drunk

and

which

in

and

in the

dentifrice,and

eye,

magnet

authorities,Aben

lungs and

the

in

It

Serapion (De Simpl.

these

is
glass (vitrum) which
medicinal
properties,he

Arabian

subject

He
kind, red, yellow, green, and azure.
what
stones
a
Avicenna, that glass is among

men,

head,
of his

(De

best

like

degree, and

this

on

in their

i, 748)

sandy

colours,

various

is among

As

the

to, and

fire

set

of the

colour
then

ult.

(De Comp.

diuretic

good

(ii,2, 720)

coagulated owing

becomes
that

kinds,

two

are

Arabians

it is hot

it,that

it

paragraph

(Pract.ii,47.) (?) Of
most
treats
fully of this

Abbas

there

(Cont. 1.

Rhases

prescribesit

ulcers

authorities.

the

Avicenna

See

that
as

bv

not

prescribedmedicinally by

never

Roman

or

of, however,

treated

382)
Haly

It is

Greek

his

does

author, he says

our

drying

calls

also

article

any

(De Renum
lithontriptic

for

same

borrows

(ii,31.)

the

of

author

Our

Aetius.

more

iv), and

gen.

Simpl. V.)

the

like

it is

glass, that

recommends

sec.

thus

fool is

assume

Galen

Dioscorides.

of

to

This

pieces.

occasions

various

ciystal or

and
Affect.),

into

for A\-icenna
what

stones

vii.

autliors_,
we

easily made

it is

say,

Med.

Mat.

the

medicinally on
of

is to

easilybroken

is

former

the

to

vitrum, tliat it is among

quaintly

among

tlie medical

glass. By

to

as

[book

adds, the

remove

biu-nt

recommends

albugo
is most

it
of

the

efficacious.

nothing of any interest further on what is written of

Ebn
Baithar
it by Rhases, Haly Abbas, and
(1.c.) We
may
There

mention

is

in
from

conclusion
the

that

practice of

although glass has long

the

been

regular physician, we

cluded
ex-

have

SIMPLES.

Til.]

SECT.

often

385

powdered glass having been used by empirics^Comm.

with good effect,to remove
cases
opacicertainlyin some
See also Gray (Suppl.to Pharmacop. 360.)
of the cornea.
heard

of

'

and
ties

is composed
Terrae, Truffle,

Tuber

with

slightdegree

We

Commentary.
of Book

section

of

It is the

I.

Tuber

of

Trufflesin

Cibarium

ashes, and

it to

it to drink

in

mixed

of colic and

cases

Commentary.

We

opinions on

this

contractions

of

it with

have

other

the

77th

Comm.

L.

Hydrargyrum, 3Iercury, is scarcely used

But
some
having
being deleterious.
reduce

stance,
sub-

terrene

very

attenuating power.
treated

have

of

for

medical

burnt

poses,
pur-

it,so

have
articles,

to

as

given

ileus.

given

of the

account

some

ancient

Comm.

From
the statement
of
subject in Book V.
author
it will be perceivedthat the Greek
our
physiciansmade
little use
of this important article in the practiceof medicine.
it as an
Rhases, Avicenna, Haly Abbas, and Serapion recommend
A\dceuna
applicationfor scabies,lice,and malignant ulcers.
of it induces
paralysis,
tremblings,spasms, and
says the vapour

destructive

limbs.

the

He

adds

of

sight,and brings on
46.) Serapion givesexactlythe same
See
also Rhases
385.)
(Cont. 1.
(Pract. ii,48, 501)
he

had

no
or

Dutens

that

Baithar

the

A'apour

fetor of the

ult.

breath

of it.

account

of it is

(ii,
2,

{De Simpl.

i, 75) ; Haly Abbas

Galen

(i,553.)

admits

that

ternally
proving destructive,either inexternally.(De Simpl. ix.) It is remarked
by
Dioscorides^s
of
the
method
of
description
ing
preparfrom

distillation

(H. N.

same.

Ebn

experience of it

mercury
of

that

which

cinnabar
we

as

is the

first account

(v,70.)

possess,

of tlie process

Pliny copies

the

8.)
xxxiii,

YopOTTfTTEpt,
Hydropiper, Water-pepper,
so

as

pepper.

hypopia
CoM.MENTARY.
the

vulgar name
III.

When
and

is

hot

applied green
scirrhous
It is the

herl),but

along

with

not

much

so

its fruit it discusses

tumours.

Polygonum Hydropiper,

of Arse-smart.

The

other

known

authorities
25

by

Comm.
'

'

rccom-

"

SIMPLES.

386

'

"

'

it

as

Water

Aqua,
other

stimulant

(ii,2, 551.)

Avicenna

cooling and diluent

got acquired heat,

is

matters,

this it
has

admixture, such

certain

water

cision

best

it.

Rain

with

thalmic
oph-

have

water

by

in Book

us

been

I.

in

See

and

2, 58) ;
(ii,

Avicenna

species
the

from

niger,
in this

naturalized

second

The

third

the

these

of the

of which

flower

seed,

the

H.

probably
He

albus.

complaints

about

eyes,

the

feet, "c.

uterus

Its

acrid

and

with

seed, he

coughs, catarrhs, defluxions, and

pains

think

it,or

be

must

probably
H.

poses.
pur-

aureus

directions

minute

he recommends

and

delirium

for medicinal

gives

he

first two

most

was

varietyof

and

being black,

first

to

pre-

specific

their

deriving

country by the Romans

was

are

considerable

with

plant,which

well-known

seed,

fittest for

The

inclined

are

we

black

refrigerants.

hyoscyamus,

preparing the juice of it,which

in anodyne collyria,for hot
the

and

describes

colour

first of

sleep. The
Hyoscyamus

the

of

has

The
yellow, and the third white.
being highly dangerous, by inducing

second

rejects as

of

it is mixed

deleterious.

of

order

Dioscorides

three

diff'erences

and

seed

species,the

is that

CoMMENTAKY.

the

xxxi, 21)

yellow, are

has

white, being of the third

'

which

That

with

YoaKvaf^ioc,
Henbane; that species which

which

that

medicine

CoMM.

it preserves

as

(Contin. 1. ult. i, 70G.)

Hyoscyamus,
and

of

fullytreated

N.

(H.

particularPHny

stance.
sub-

proper

bitumen, acquires

or

the

with

I.
It is

Commentary.

Rhases

'

of natron

as

qualitiesof

The

in Book

enumerated

"

long

as

which
property of the substance
has some
astringency, for which
remedies.

^^^

own

is mixed

the

CoMM.

its

by

cold, it cools.

it becomes

when

heats, but

is unmixed

which

that

best, and

the

Having

'

vii.

and
applicationto discuss tumours
(ii,190), and
suggillations. See in particular Dioscorides
treat of it succinctlyin
Galen
(De Simpl. viii.) The Arabians
Rhases
See
terms.
the
mucli
(Cont. 1. ult. i, 551);
same
mend

CoMM.
'"

[book

as

rheums,

an

for

ingredient

earache, and

flour for inflammations

says,
of the

is

applicablefor

eyes ; for

menor-

SIMPLES.

388

HTi^ericum,
of

wliich,

of.

The

St. John's

called

substance.
emmenagogue..

appUed

Commentary.

CoMM.

"whole

cures

given
There

frait

"vvhen

sores

is

of

treated
tile
sub-

with

and

its leaves

sprinkled diy

in ischiatic

it

upon

complaints.

difficulty

some

first

it is diiu'etic

along

green

drink

to

been

has

desiccative,consistingof

When

It is also

them.

and

species,the

Ascvroii,

or

the

It

of two

consists

Hence

Avounds.

cicatrizes

Wort,

heating

vi

TreoiKou,

Androssemum
is

other

[book

in

determining

the

'
"

decides

species. Sibthorp
The

other

give

it the

characters

same

being

as

i, 371)

of the

Hypericum

authorities, namely, Dioscorides, Galen,

it in calculus,
it

in favour

and

emmenagogue

Joannis,''

and

Rhases

hence

the

42)

v,

says

See

is

commend

manner

(Cont.

Rhases

1. ult.

(ii,2, 354)
"herba

called

St. John's

term

Aetius,

recommends

Avicenna

it

modem

Celsus

in like

diuretic.

(CoUig.

Serapion (c. 267.)

author.

our

Arabians

The

(v,21.)

Averrhoes

as

crispinn.

and

sancti

wort.

1 TTr)KOOV,

is

Hypecoon,

cooling in

the

third

degree, being neai'lyHke

poppy.
Commentary.

CoMM.
"
"

answer

and

well

very
the

other
The

poppies.

brief

same

The

Baithar

Hypecoum

with

characters

the

authorities.
other

terms

It

writers

as

is

given by

See

Med.

Dioscorides
the

to

of it in the

treat

Dioscorides

to

seem

closelyalUed

genus
Mat.

author.

our

of it

the

on

would

prociimbens

Ebn

(iv,68);

(i,63.)

Y7royXaj(T(70i',
Hypoglosson,
of emollient

"

have
at

all

fi'om
of

it

used
formed
even

been

by

little used.
the

amulet

root

Ruscus

We

juice of

and

and

Galen

Ebn

in

sui'e

that

Baithar,

(i,98)

author.

our

Hypoglossum.
not

are

Arabians, except

brieflylike
an

the

It is the

Dioscorides

as

shrub

Pliarmacop. 24.)

are

sessed
pos-

and

the

Dioscorides

headache

and

who

It appears

copies literally
Greeks

mentions

that

unknown

to

the

shops.

See

to

it is mentioned

its root

ingredients in softening plasters,(iv, 130.)

yet wholly

it

powers.

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

is

all treat
its
and
It

being
juice
is not

Gray (Suppl. to

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

389

1 TTOKICTTIC,

Hypocistis,is

juice of

the

substances

certain

like pomegranate-flowers,

growing under the roots of the cistus,otherwise

called
active
of decistharus,being an
remedy for all cases
fluxions by diying and
strengthening the parts.
Commentary.
The
The
term
Undei'yrowth of the Cistus.
is applied both to the parasiticplant,which
the roots
on
grows
of the
of

Cistus

author,

is the

is

also

the

possessed

still

is evident

also,as

from

the

to the

inspissatedjuice of the same.

describes
Cytinus Hypocistis. Dioscorides

our

and

and

Ladanifera,

for prepanng

process
of

the

medicinal

same

He

says

it

but

is

acacia;

as

powers

plant

accurately,

juice of it.

the

'

words

The
it

Comm.

astriugent and desiccant, being efiicacious in cseliac

aff'ections,
dysenteries,haemoptysis,and the female
flux,both
when
taken
by the mouth, and in clysters,(i,127.) Galen
more

Aetius,

and

the

general terms,

other
like

pocratic treatises
as

author.

our

Nat.

(De

authorities

an

famous

most

Arabians

It

of his

in

occurs

properties in
of

one

down

is set

antidotes,but

ascribed

one

its

state

Mulieb.),and

ingredient of several

of that

See

Greek

the

by

especially
jNIithridates. (v, 23.) The

to

more

characters
the
as
assign it exactly the same
(ii,2, 111); Serapion (c. 115); Rhases

Greeks.

A^dcenna

1. ult.

ii,754, i, 108, ii,119)

in

concur

giving

tonic

medicine,

time

of

our

it the

both

Quincy, the
Dispensatory,and

Theiiac

of

(Collig.v, 42.) All

of being an
astringentand
externally. As late as the

internallyand
hypocistiscontinued
retained

was

Andromachus

Venice

or

as
called),
long as
in the Pharmacopoeia.

that once-celebrated

still retains
it

as

in the

received

See

from

Moses

the

shops
the

(Cont.

Averrhoes

character

it

HipCelsus

same

ancients.

to
as

place in
ingredient in the

an

Treacle

occupy

(as

it

latterly
a place

was

composition"held
Charras
(R. Phar. 114.) It
for astringency
character
See
Gray
(Suppl. to

Pharmacop. 38.)

YtTO^OKTTOI',
Hj^ophsestura, is
like
of

the

hippophaes.

it when

dried,

and

species
The
taken

of

juice
to

of the

the

and
honeyed water, evacuates
water
with orthopncEa,epilepsy,and

used

thorn

head,

extent

of

phlegm.

by

the

fullers,

leaves, and
three

oboli

It agrees

aff'ections of the

roots

with

pally
princi-

nerves.

SIMPLES.

390

'
'

define.

modern

it and

noticed

have

Few

it has

and

Pliny.

tribe

of
it to

author

copiesits

characters

of

other

the

ancient

Into

Commentary.
the

garding
to

completelylost sightof

been

and

enter,

treatises,
as,

giving

for

stomach

It

example,
and

following is
the
Hyssop.

is

is the

the

Cilician.
with

It

figs

and
in

drunk
for

pounded
when

the
with
and

with

cases

of

and

it is

skin

with

Avhen

it dissolves

water

the
the

garden

of

mouth
the

ears

best

is

figs;

with

figs

green

strongly

more

with

it ;
a

it improves

cataplasm

and

dropsy,
when
suggillations

excellent
it soothes

with

in the

bowels

the

applied as
the spleen

most

is rinsed

for

the

from

; it discusses

of

kinds,

cough, catarrh,
linctus
with
honey ;

is mixed

two

it purges

it is

it is

of

along

but

decoction

flatus about

important chapter

chronic

in

eaten

for afi*ections

boiling

for the

humours

for inflammations

quinsy

of toothache

thick

bowels

the

natron

wine

applied with

of

and

heating power ; when

along with honey and

drunk

hedge-mustard

colour

figs and

and

anthelminthic,

the

mo\aug

iris,or

cress,

the

pneumonia, asthma,

brings ofi"
with
oxymel;

decoction

Romar;,

calls it bad

herb,

other

and

and

when

the

water

orthopnoea; it is

and

Celsus

of Dioscorides's

attenuant

it is useful

great

the senses
(p.86, 172), rouses
in coughs (160, ed. Milligan.)

an

rue,

its

he

well-known

and

has

thus

useful

pose
pur-

matters.

pituitous

passages

mountain,

one

boiled

It

in

re-

repeatedly in the Hippocratic

Diaeta' (ii,
26), where it is said

purges

abstract

an

present

our

Greek,

the

the

question

ourselves

by

says it is diuretic

(p.83),

iu

exposition of its characters

De

'

at

is not

content

occurs

(86),is hepatic (86),and

on

ancients, it

brief

it in various

mentions

controverted

delivered

as

it is hot

it that

much

shall

authorities.

Arabian

the

we

\'irtues

medicinal

The

in

aawTTOv

of the

hyssopus

with

measure

of

be

rities
autho-

and
desiccative
Hyssopum, Hyssop, is calefacient
It also consists of subtile particles.
third degree.

'""^

car-

pharmacy.
1

CoMM.

vii.

determines

Our

(iv,160.)

Dioscorides.

from

whole

Sprengel

stellatum,Allien.

Cirsium

the

Like

epilepsy.

it is difficult to

duinse
the

it in

recommend

They

tTnro^atoTov of Dioscorides

It is the

Commentary,

CoMM,
"

[book

form

gargle in
the pains

decoction
of steam,

of

it,

(iii.

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

tion

Aetius

which

head

the

purges

for

and

applica- Comm.

an

Our

"

as

author

and

(De Cathars.),is

nose

liver

of the

in

complaints, as

various

(Meth.

Med.

ful
use-

xiii),

for
ad Glauc.
Cur.
(De Arte
discussing tumours
of it
treat
other
viii.) The Arabians
(Meth. Med.
purposes
(ii,2, 256) ;
fully. See
Serapion (c. 270) ; Avicenna
very
Rhases
(De Simpl. 16) ; Ebn
(Cont. 1. ult. i, 758) ; Mesne
Baithar
evidently
(i,545); Averrhoes
(Collig.
v, 42.) Avicenna

ii),and

for

derives

his characters

of

Dioscorides

it from

recommends

he

phlegmagogue, vermifuge, a remedy for asthma, chronic

One
of Serapion^sArabian
authorities,Isaac ebn
coughs, "c.
calls it a
herb
Amram,
growing in the mountains, having

it

as

branches

in

length

Another

of

them

the

altogether the
its

states

the

most

on

the

authorities
the

garden

and

the

ground

about

than

those

much

of

smaller

in

and

also,

he

adds,

same

with

defines
to

as

little
his

half

virtues

questions now
the

mountain

thyme,

nearly

in

all

that

original of

is

its leaves

are

be

the

above

larger

latter
He

round.

of Dioscorides

1st, Is

it

We

the

hyssop

answer

this

as

chest,
and

epilepsy.

the

has

states

Dioscorides

by

mentioned

solved

of

aftections

other

and

personal experience, in
to

kinds,

two

precision,recommending

much

cases

Arabian

the

rises

so

the

upon

are

purple ;

is not

its stem

asthma,
the

that

nearly

former

the

that

its flower

and

there

says
;

Mesne,

terms.

cubit, and

with

from
come

He

hyssop.

the

phlegmagogue,

general

corides
Dios-

Averrhoes

Serapion.

as

interesting and

leaves, and

its medicinal
a

in

characters

is

whole,

authorities

same

follow

Baithar

Ebn

and

as

copies from

also

He

Rhases

Galen.

and
or

humours.

crude

evacuates

liver, and

and

marjoram.

frigidityof
a
purgative

and

hardness

it in

recommends

like

leaves

less,and

or

kidneys, bladder,

womb,

which

cubit

Two

of INIesue

question,

hesitation,
by saying, we think it is ; INIesue merely
plant better,but the agreement of these authors as

its medicinal

same

plant,

same

as

our

\drtues

2d,

Was

convinces
the

us

hyssop

?
Hyssopus officinalis

that
of

the

With

both

treated

of

the

ancients, then,

the

deference

to

mucli

'

'

characters

Galen, however,

Galen.

of inflammation

decline

in the

from

word

as

lie

prescribes it

works

of his

medicine

for

word

angina, asthma,

gives it the same

xxvi, 11, et alibi.)

word,

(PI. N.

does.

copy

other

in

and,

to sores,

Dioscorides

it in

recommends

Pliny

27.)

391

SIMPLES.

392

the

CoMM.

scholars

eminent

many

[book

who

deny this, we

vii.

hesitatingly

"
'

answer

this

reasons

in the

question

first,the

medicinal

and

with

modern

given by
arius

(de

those

writers

(Mat.

Boerhaave

the

on

Simpl. Med.)

the

of

the

hyssop, as

and

Arabian

as
Hyssopus officinalis,

Materia

148);

Medica.

See

Plate-

Med.

(Mat.

223)

ii, 152);
(Mat. Med.
Hill (Mat. Med.
364) ; Culpeper (Compl. Herbal. 95) ; Ainslie
145) ; Gray (Suppl. to
(Mat. Ind. i, 177) ; Rutty (Mat. Med.
those
Pharmacop. 47.) But, secondly,it is incumbent
upon
who

deny

show

when

for

the
and

competent

no

have

been

Romans.
a

how

it

which

had

^gyptiacum

why

not

be

confident

intermediate

'

but

thrown

Lens

the

second

Cicer

to

of

the

it

have

this

H.

for
the

of the
and

country

the

us

tinilyis

home,

the

by

brought
and
so

not

many
the

maintained,

hyssopus

then

brought

here

being possessedof

true

into

hyssop must

have

at

men

others

Lens.

of the

deserve.

desiccants

ancients,
the

not

what

is
officinalis

their

hj^ssop,we

ancient

plant, the

may
name

of the

second

order, being

cooling and

to

the
away

decoction

loosens

when

it is taken

it. The
to

moistens

palustris, Duck-meat,

Duck-meat.
treats

learned

and

Since

that

have
bind

first water, there-

restrain
and

the

bowels.

refiigeratesin

order.
See

Commentary.
'

But, further,

would

they

substituted

heating qualities. They

astringency. They therefore dry the body and
as

belly;

The

CoMM.
"

some

fore, is

"

their

be

Lentes, Lentils, (?)are

the

bears.

now

to

it bears.

of which

also

hyssop

be

to

naturalized

that

character

conquerors

pretty

it

and

Britain,

?
officinalis

Roman

of which

introduced

it

modern

came
officinalis

Sprengel

as

and

believe,Avill disputethat the

the

Origanum

our

H.

by

If,

Hyssopns

ancient

likely,then,

virtues?

was

Alston

the

characters

described

not

one

the

judge, we
brought to
Is

plant

the

identityof

plant, the

Med.

Greek

other

Tournefort

following

two

of the ancient

characters

given by Dioscorides,Mesne,
authorities, agree

the

affirmative,for

The

Book

Lens
author

virtues

of the

simply

79.

palustrisis

Our

It is

I,

borrov.s
lentil

more

It
the
from

is, undoubtedly,
Lemna

minor, Angl.

Dioscorides,

fullythan

the

it would

vegetable astringent, (ii,129.)

who
seem

The

SIMPLES.

111.]

SECT.

authorities

other
See

of both

treat

in the

terms

same

(ii,2, 711)

particularAvicenna

in

393

as

author.

our

Comm.
'

Serapion (c.9.)

'

drunk, relieve
juice, leaves, and seed, when
for some
also remarkable
They are
pains of the bladder.
tenuity of partSj and are of a heating nature.
Phalaris

tlie

Commentary.

Dioscorides
all the

and

author

Our

riensis.

the

authorities

who

treat

we

as

and

medicinal
is

same

of

It would

Galen.

the

apothecaries,it
pains of the bladder.

still is
See

is

'

"

Galen

the

bians,
Ara-

it, except Ebn

noticed

in the

that

reputed

from

extracts

gives

appear,

kept, and

of

None

Comm.

from

character

repeated by

it.

describing it, merely

Cana-

Phalaris

the

to

discover, have

can

in

it

its

and

Baithar, who,
Dioscorides

borrows

(iii,149),
far

as

refers

Sibthorp

shops

be

to

useful

Gray (Suppl.to Pharmacop.

of
in

18.)

^aXa-y^'iTiq,
Phalangitis,Spiderwort,
for

the

also

bites

of

consists
in

remedy

of

cases

the

is

named

so

it is

spiders called

venomous

subtile

because

parts, and

is

hence

remedy

phalangia.

supposed

to

It

prove

of tormina.

Commentary.

According

to

Sibthorp,it

is the

Anthericum

Comm.
'

Our

Gracum.
that

of

treat

from

Dioscorides
Arabians.

the

by

and

being
to

yet the

retains

and

useful

the

the

for word

other
from

authorities

'

Dioscorides.

Baithar, in describingit,merely gives extracts

and

It does

Galen.

It has

been

Anthericum

not

appear

Liliastrum

be noticed
tice,
prac-

is still kept in the

spiderwort,with
bites of scorpions

against the

to

in modern

scarcelyknown

of

name

the
See

shops

reputation of

Gray (Suppl.

Pharmacop. 22.)

Suber, Cork, and

has

burnt
with

very

that
particularly

desiccative

ashes.

from

This

wine-vcsscls,when

is mixed

especially

up

dysentericremedies.

Commentary.
of

word

it, copies almost

Ebn

(iii,
112.)

and

Galen

author, Hke

the

Quercus

is formed

from

Thcophrastus gives an
Suber.

(H.

its bark.

P.
He

iii,16.)
recommends

accurate

Cork,

as

descriptionCom
Pliny states,

its ashes

or

char-

M.

"
"

SIMPLES.

394

coal

CoMM.
'

'

in

mends

'

it in

describe
but

the

same

med.

Comp.
the

loc.

Phillyrea,Mock
mouth

Privet
of

those

v.)

the

not

simples,

(v),and

mends
recom-

astringent. (De

an

as

been

not

of

leaves

olive.

wild

when

When

of them.

the

chewed^ and

when

have

does

able

to

it in

trace

Arabians.

of the

like

We

book

VII.

recom-

it in his list of

wine-cask

Serenus

Dioscorides

preliminary

of

cork

sec.

works

in

it

bui'nt

the

also omits

Galen

Q.

xxiv, 8.)
(c. 22.)

cases,

this article.

brieflynotices

N.

(H.

hemorrhages.

[book

mouth

they

tree

in the

with

is rinsed
diuretic

prove

gent
astrin-

are

ulcers

relieve

They

the

drunk

the

coction
de-

and

emme-

nagogue.
'

'

the

"

authorities

Neither

Arabians,

find

we

can

imder

moment

the

Arabians,

but

the

It

shall

we

works

of

of

in the

the

of

any

chapter of

the

Mahaleb

the

not

it.

of

any

gives nothing

certainlyis

show

of the

described

have

translation

above.

to

as

it in

it is

medicinal

None

(i,125.)

Baithar, who

head

referred

Dioscorides

of

that

agree

copies its

jSIat. ISIed.

the

traces

this

author

Dioscorides.
on

Ebn

except

Sprengel

Our

literallyfrom

Greek

other

of

lati folia L.

Phillyrea

characters

and

Stackhouse

Commentary.

CoMM.

Appendix.

"i"Xojuoc,
Petty Mullein

Verbascum,
is that

which

possessed

of

called

with

with

'
'

all sorts

ferable

the

to

determined.
Dioscor.
the

and

golden

Verbascum,

but

The

white

of

Being

doubted
the

all the

the

teeth

that

the

other

degree of certainty. Our

and

them

is

species cannot

any

to

black

with

would

by

author

Dioscorides.

Oribasius, borrow

them.
is

genus
be

species cannot

Plilomos

is

abridges the
freely from

well

to

appear

be

bascum
Ver-

probably

determined

(1.c.)

re-

Sprengel (ad

indisputablythe
be

suit

they

sour

Lychnitis of Dioscorides

Pfdomis

Lychnitis. The

the

V.

Aetius

flower.

female

the

as

leaves

Sibthorp (Flora Grseca),and

nigrum. The

well

The

also rinse

Some

Thapsus, and

given

species,
among

many

moderately detergent poAvers,

be

iv,102.)

characters

are

are

It cannot

See

Verbascum

the

of fluxes.

Commentary.

CoMM.
'"

and

there

kinds

Thryalis.

desiccative

especiallythat

with

medicinal

Galen

also,as

Dioscorides.

SIMPLES.

396
induce

CoMM.
'
"

and

and

headaches^
dried

the

that

when

dates

in

eaten

vii.

great quantity intoxicate

eaten

useful

are

in

haemoptysis,

der,
dysentericdiseases,and complaints of the bladappliedin a powder as a cataplasm with the quince and

stomachic

and

when

of wild

cerate

when

[book

vine-flowers,

Celsus

(i,148.)

recommends

tion
decoc-

astringentgargle, (v,22, 9.)Galen has a most

in geneinterestingarticle on the palm, which he recommends
ral
as
being possessed of an astringentquahty, in hepatic and
both internallyand externally. Serapion,
stomachic
aflections,
of dates

as

INIesue, and

an

gives a

Rhases
from

various

the

teeth

Another

likewise

E-hases

copious

most

says

they

his

create

in
and

semen,

liver

the
are

such

cases.

subjectborrowed
says, dates spoil

authorities

obstructions

create

it in

of tliis

account

of

One

sources.

and

recommend

useful

and

spleen.

in

phthisis.

recommends
them
generally
(Cont. 1. ult. i, 531.) Avicenua
and in
and
particularlyin fluxes of the womb
as
asti'ingents,
Baithar
hemorrhoids,
copies mostly from
(ii,2, 87.) Ebn
this head,
under
Rhases
(i,211, 496.) The
composition of
(i,54.) It is the only
by Dioscorides.
palm-oil is described

preparation from

the

is

Phormium,

Its

'

Hoi'ininum

Salvia

macopoeia.
Phar-

tractive
at-

leucoma,

and

of

account

it is taken

from

varietyof the op^tivoi', i. e.

L., Purple-topClary,as is stated by Sprengel.
find nothing interesting
can
iii,135.) We

most

authorities.

other

for

be

to

Valeriana, Valerian, has

is weaker

in the

of wood.

author's

appear

(Notse in Dioscor.
regarding it in the

but

retained

now

seed, therefore, attenuates

Our

It would

Galen.

'

is

attenuating, detergent,and

sharp-pointedweapons

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

of

possessed

powers.
extracts

which

palm

which

root

purposes,

only

resembles

it is

the

nard,

diuretic

more

like

Celtic.
It is the

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

Valeriana

'
*

V.

Dioscor
nards

authorities

were

have

We

idis.

various

describe

it

as

mentioned

or
officinalis,
perhaps the
cient
akeady that the an-

speciesof valerian.
being diuretic and

All

the

ancient

emmenagogue.

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

397

ascribes
it
to
(i,10.) Galen
particularDioscorides
diuretic
Pliny emmenagoguc
(De Simpl. viii),and
powers
characters.
Arabians
give it the same
(H. N. xxi, 80.) The
Avicenua
See
(ii,2, 255) ; Serapion (De Simpl. 62) ; Ebn
in

See

thus

Virtus

"

however,

so

Pereira

See

Apicius,in

Commentary.

incline

the

to
some

wild

years

cinnamon

Celsius, in his

Olaus

by

"We
"'

was

refer

to

Dioscorides

is

which
\ivot,ii)C!Tiq,

order, haring also

and

pressed
ex-

cassia

the

or

it

on
disquisition

and

Subst.

GeoSroy

to

The

318.)

'
'

substance, being the

^. of
as

same

see.

and

cools

Seaweed,

marinus.

Fucus

of

leaf

learned

Anim.

different

the

Comm.

still

We

FoUum.

Hierobotanicon,'

Fossil, Veg., and

the

been

calls the

deliberatelyformed

it

(Treatiseon

quite

of

name

we

that

ago,

tree.

the

which

opinion

uniformly

like manner,

bv

Malabathrum

the

has

of.

already treated
of

(971.)

which

Folium, Leaf, the leaf of the Malabathrum,

leaf

authorities,

Recent

Med.)
Rutty (]\Iat.
lavish in its praises.

also

not

are

'

its virtues

states

manner

'

'

abortiens, diuretica,sanguinem

emmeuagoga,

See

amovens.^^

like

in

Bergius

2G5.)
(ii,

Baithar

Comm.

moderate

of

degree

in

cbies

second

the

astringency.

described
by Comm.
species of Fuci are
that it is scarcely
Theophrastus and Dioscorides, but so briefly,
them
mark,
exactly. It is deservdng of repossible to determine
Various

Commentary.

'

'

that

however,
a

speciesof Fucus,
supposed to

ed.

which

moist

says

state

the

its root
faces,

in

before

be

(iv,98.)

they

fucus

the

is

fucus

here

evident

it is

are

plants

dried.

which

Pliny gives a

women

very

of

an

the

cure

are

to

adds, that

He

theriacal,and

of

that
use

similar

some

for

The

is unquestionably

Aetius.

from

possessed

These

is therefore

lead.

of

treats

cataplasms for

inflammations.

purple
to

is

says

is efficacious

and

affections

author

as

Ceruse, wliich

preparation

our

Dioscorides

Aid.)

power,

been

vegetable,

of

head

the

have

which

article,however,
the

under

describe

Oribasius

Aetius, and

Galen,

(p. 24,
astringent
of
be

gouty

used

in

Nicander

persons

took

painting their

descriptionof

the

SIMPLES.

398

"

CoMM.

[book
marinus.'^

Phycos thalassion,id est, Fucus

(H. N. xxvi, G6.)

language as our author.

'

'

Galen

'

of it in

treats

It would
borrows

711.)

and

of

until
ascertained

late

that

old

who
practitioners,

very

extensively as
Pereira

further
Beckmann

Archil

Lichen

of

they
used

when

famous

ode

Regulus.

on

Fucus

of

he

he

with

and

and

at

shops.

See

siccative

the

Wrack,
See

sores.

"

which

has

times

It
lana

little

medicata

author,

our

recommend

sively
exten-

dyeing
it

to

and

to

our

that

fuco,^'in

sour,

reason

been

be

for diarrhoea

remedy

been

for the

must

is somewhat

seems

have

to

from

when

doubt

his

this

drunk.
that

It is the

it is

Lingua

Both

Galen

it in fluxes

of the

present day

it is not

is

almost

of

entire

stranger

to

the

Ferula

describes

I'll,

third

in

second, being possessed

the

in the

degree, and

heating

almost

of

is de-

emollient

powers.

Commentary.

juice

an

Gray (Suppl. to Pharmacop. 12.)

discutient

Phuy

Sea

as

Galbanum,

'

out

in modern

Xo A pa

"

known

(Theatre of Plants, 1047.)

Parkinson

even

and

it

It is not met
being possessed of astringent powers.
either of Hippocrates or Celsus.
It was
in the works
tained
rein the
Dispensatory in the time of Quincy (88, 123),

bowels,

'

makes

sea-weed

There

Dioscorides, like

and

when

have

scrofulous

or
ScoIopendriu7n officinale,
Spleenwort.

the

Cervina

CoMM.

We

cients,
an-

satories,
Dispen-

readmitted,

were

the

by

our

vesiculosus,or

Tongue,

Commentary.

'

from

the

speaks of

alludes

qualityit naturallypro\'es
'

them

fuci

iodine.

in ancient

Horace

CoMM.

omitted

(History of Inventions.)

wool.

the

to

Gray (Suppl. to Pharmacop. 7.)

the
on
Phycos
ingenious disquisition

very

Phyllites,Hart's

'

given

applicationto

an

Dioscorides,

contained

roccella,a

both

used,

of

some

who

English herbalists,Parkinson
long

were

A\acenna,

of it from

gives

old

ancients,which

of the

or

he

of

(562), and

gives

thalassion

marinus

characters

articles

these

but

same

Muscus

Our

the

Gerard, repeat

was

the

descriptionwhich

the

(ii,2, 452,
and

nearly the

be

to

appear

vn.

Dioscorides

growing
it thus

"

in

says

of

Galbanum,

Syria,by

Quod

maxime

some

that

called

it is the

metopium.

laudant, cartilagino-

SIMPLES.

in.]

SECT,

in

of the

edition

Duncan's
like

ancient

of the
It would

modern

and

to be

appear

umbellifers, the

of different

Lindley,

and

of

late

foetus ;

describes

other

of

complaints

drives

cases

hollow

fillingthe

authorities

treat

in the

works

occurs

it in nearly

recommends

same

18,

pluries.)

et

Serapion (c.320.)
virtues
an

the

from

the

For

Arabians,
borrow

They

and

chest.

it is less

Avicenna

says

authorities

Arabian
of much

Dioscorides

of

Ebn

between

remedy

In

powers.

misy

other

author.

our

of

Celsus,

forth.

(See

v,

(ii,2, 312)

of its medicinal

alexipharmic,

an

as

in certain

powerful
to

the

for

Dioscorides, as

so

Baithar

than

do

not

what

of

diseases
sagapenum.

supply

thing
any-

is fui'nished

by

Galen.

astringent, acrid, caustic,

Chalcitis, is possessed of
escharotic

like

as

it

importance in addition
and

toothache
and

account

Dioscorides, recommending

applicationto tumours,

The

see

the

vertigo,and

Avicenna

their

and

in those

furunculus, difiicultyof breathing, and

in

power,

internallyfor

in

cases

'

sessed
pos-

sprained parts

general terms,

the

being

as

Galen

Hippocrates, and

"

externally, for

and

87.)
(iii,

of it in
of

Royle,

menstruation

is used

It

teeth,

of the

of

epilepsy,
hysteria,and

animals.

venomous

away

Greek

in

rouses

of

is tlie

skin, and

the

"

duct
pro-

of which

it

it

"

identity.

is the

discutient

recommends

he

Comm.

descriptions

publications

promoting

as

Dr.

Avith gum

galbanum

coughs, dyspnoea,asthma, ruptured

its vapour

in

the

and

chronic

who

fumigations

of

expulsion

It

we

and
heating, fiery,epispastic,

pessariesand

in

their

common

Dioscorides

Pereira.

furunculi

most

the

See

Opoidla galhanifera.

infer

settled, that

now

in the

coincidence

galbanums,

virtue

in

agrees

this casual

from

and

Galbanum

"

Now,

Dispensatory (1811),it is said

Edinburgh

that

manner

ammoniac;"

Hammoniaci."

similitudinem

ad

piiruin,

sum,

399

and

subtilityof particlesit

sori ; l)ut when

burnt

its

and

is intermediate

parts become

still

finer.
Commentary,

AVe

tion

furnished

this

much-disputed

what

we

have
Galen

by
to

the

ancient

give

an

abstract

authorities

article in their Materia

say

is the

will first

as

to

author

the
who

substance
has

of the

themselves

informa-

regarding

Medica, and
itself to the

given

the

reserve

sion.
conclu-

fullest account

Comm.
"

'
'

SIMPLES.

400

of

CoMM.
'

the

formation

and

nature

[book
the

of

'
'

(see Opera, ed. Basil,T. ii,137)

is

It is to be

Aetius.

by

is upon
of

for the

Cyprus

the

misy, sori, and

the

mountains

mountain,
as

which

upon

one

the

at

left hand

chalcitis.

entered,

we

certain

saw

Hke

possessed

that

grossest being

sori,and

the

intermediate

an

possesses

(1.c.) states, distinctlythat

upon

upon

copper

specimen

convertible

acquaintance
to

the

these

the

probably

rotic

space

should

whereas

burnt

citis
chal-

they

He
powers,

come
be-

Galen

efflorescence

which

verdigriswhich

forms

substances

in

also states

that

three

the

that

be

parts, the

their

misy,

an

the

to

He

another.

and

H.

N.

not
as

well

so

being

of

it that

that

it

old, and
it has
clears

names,

is obvious

as
as

powers

gives

but

origin of

the

or

as

Galen.

copper

he

which

they

xxxiv, 29, 30, 31,

acquainted

like bronze

that

those

as

these

medicinal

Dioscorides

stones, not

says

under

substances, with

these
was

substances

same

(See

quite obvious

it is

but

same

describe

articles.

the best kind

friable,free of

is

can

of time.

when

very

Harduin.)

description of

fibres.

of

time

differingfrom

as

When

misy

one

subject;

ascribingthe

his

of

notes

into

Galen

and

of

each

mth

describe

Dioscorides
from

and

chalcanthos,

chalcitis,which

most

substances

sori,

of

long kept, turns to chalcitis.

of the
confused
account
misy, sori, and
very
marks
of a very
imperfect
betrays evident

of

Pliny gives

the

three

of

sori

the

longer

in

stretched

process
and

our

mine

that

much

power.

the

(or bronze),

question are

to

misy.

In

in the
on

the

substances

finest the

chalcitis,similar

the

forms

meant

in

attenuant, but less styptic."(p.30, ed. Aldi.)

more

Cyprus,

say,

into

being

these

the

of

dug

is to

passage

homogeneous (similar)
powers,
and
in
density
tenuity
only

of

another

one

wonder

no

that

misy by degrees,

into

nature

cave

lowest

the

that

in

great

of the three

but requiresa
chalcitis,

it is

that

of

copper-mines

the

mine

which,

was

zones,

changes

into

change

there

then

was

of

specimens

another

chalcitis

the

side

right

the

follows

what

ascertainingthe

"At

Soli, there

the

and
it chalcitis,

upon

So

of

of

purpose

express

furnished

same

that

then
visited

who

authority of Galen,

the

of the

mind

in

borne

misy, sori, and chalcitis

them
as his descriptionof

abstract

prefergiving the

lengthy, we

but

vii.

very
which
He

do

with
brief
he
scribes
de-

(^aX/coEtS^),
and

glancing
having long
eschaand
styptic,heating,
away

impurities about

the

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

canthi

it is

eyes ; that

and

401

the

of

one

mild

is useful

septics;

Comm.

herpes,hemorrhages of the uterus and nose, with

erysipelas,
dried
in epulis,
it is useful
the juice of leeks ; that when
burnt
spreading sores, and diseases of the tonsils ; that when
in the form
of a
useful in ophthalmic remedies
it is more
in

powder with honey; that it melts down and cleanses callus and
fistulse when
introduced
asperityof the eyelids; and removes
It occurs
in one
of the
in the form
of a collyrium. (v, 115.)
Hippocratic treatises (De Ulceribus),but its meaning there is
chalwell defined.
not
By blue chalcitis is probably meant
Celsus
prescribesit frequently as a
canthos, or blue vitriol.
caustic and escharotic
application,(v.9, et pluries.)As stated
already (see Misy), Avicenna
under

the

head

of

gives

of

account

an

these

stances
sub-

sutorium," the

Atramentum

"

citis
chal-

of colcotar.
He
distinguishedby the name
refers to Galen's
descriptionof them already given, but either
for he
he or his translator evidentlymisinterpretsthe original,
rubeum
as
saying that the atramentum
(sori)
represents Galen
further

being

is formed

from
that

they

recommends
Galen

the

chalcanthos
readers

our

from

super

aliam

rubeum

same

to

see

his

zeg

viride.^'
powers

from
of

1. ult.

And

rubeum
He
of

the

717.)
three

viride
now,
III.

stances
sub-

styptic; and
Dioscorides

as

he
and

already stated, describes

of vitreolum
or
zeg, including also the
chapter. It may be interestingto
of Galen
version of the passage
given

Vidi

in mineris

tres

spacium,

et

erat

quse

superior erat

vena

inferior

super

eam

chalcitis,which

does

extracts

from

and
of sori,c/ialcitis,
descriptions

Averrhocs

(misy?),and
respectingthe

Galen's

quotes

vitriols which

he

account

calls vitreolum

cliolcoiar
nature

vitreolum

zeg

colcotar
hoc

colcotar

et

of

differ

the

fit
dicinal
me-

materially

Rhases, under

(De Simpl. 386.)

ruffum, colcotor,and

erat

erat

account
not

unam

{misy?),et

vu'ide

zeg

gives Galen's

afterwards

extensas

venas

et fit colcotar

convertitur

vitreolum, gives,in abridged

calls vitreolum

V.

tertia

three

Serapion,as

longum

per

author's.

our

Galen, their

of

name

the

"

all the

instances

same

{sori?), et secunda

quod

zeg

the

in

{chalcitis
?), et
est

in

Aetius.

above

of

says

caustic,escharotic,and

(ii,2, 47.)

under

He

colcotar.

are

them

do.

them

the

the

head

Dioscorides

and

misy, which
viridc.
of

(Coutin.

the

rubeum

he

origin

(sori?),

(Collig.v, 43.)
(chalcitis?).

of the three

metallic

substances
26

'
"

SIMPLES.

402

misy, sori,and

CoMM,
'"

"

'

"

[book

have

chalcitis,we

it

state

to

as

misy
to

or

zinc

that

suppose

may

the

proportion

from

The

age.

its colour

owed

doubt

no

sulphate of

in

sulphate of iron ; while

other
or
impuritiesgave

the

the

to

chalcanthum,

the

efflorescence

Arabians

the

of

predominance

we

of

viride

zeg

decisive

coming

of pm'e

specimen

an

held

composition. (See below.)

its
a

was

contracted

had

which

copper

chalcitis

the

then

Probably

in

in

differences

arising principallyfrom age or

of the ingredients entering into

deliberate

our

be

opinion,that, provided the authority of Galen

hesitation
be no
of the question,there
can
that they were
conclusion
merely varieties of

vii.

sori

the

it its peculiar

characters.

^aXKavQoQ,
Sutorium,

Atramentum

astringency with
flesh.

'
*

"

No

substance
blue

being

effectual
of time

vitriol,or

and

Pliny

impure sulphate

an

found

evaporation of water

N.

(H.

it is

that

states

the

same

Celsus

xxxiv, 32.)

with

styptics (v, 1) ;

with

the

as

(v, 7, 8) ; with

escharotics

it when

strongly heated

or

for other

(De
vitriol

blue
we

that
of

while

have

describes

Galen

mines

to

the

it,and

in

the

it

recommends

(v,28, 12),
of

chalcitis

crates
Hippo-

preceding article,be
Med.

supposed (Pereira, Mat.

most

ranks

(v, 6) ; with

callus

blue

also

He

sutorium."

{\\,11) ; and
the

Phny's

creditur."

remove

its

coeruleus,

est

substances

to

of

procured

copper

of

this

determine, but

graphicallyhis

494),

think

we

vdsit

to

it
the

other strange sights,he

Cyprus, where, among
mentions
of procuring chalcanthum.
He
process

of

specimen

twenty

alluded

pretend positivelyto

probable.
witnessed

13),

some

as

cannot

copper

"\Yhether

purposes.

Ulcer.

roasted

of

doubt

can

Color

"

all

drying

of copper.

same

coiTOsive

of

and

atramentum

the

says

caustics

and

"

and

account

of

in mines

by the
descriptionof it is quite characteristic :
spectabilinitore vitrumque esse
perquam

strong

chalcitis.

to

the

creted
con-

very

pickling

changes
reads

who

person

for

it

Dioscorides

given by

water

of

most

process

Commentary.

CoMM.
'"

no

In

Vitriol,is

or

Cyprus, having a
contemptible degree of heat

it is the

substances
humid

mines

metal

the

in

Copperas

years

its centre

of
was

it which

he

converted

remained

carried
into

with

him

chalcitis

clialcanthum, and

in the
on

that

its
he

course

surface,

meant

to

'
"

description of

Avitli Dioscorides's

CoMM.
'

[book

SIMPLES.

404

it is directed

Pharmacopoeia
contain

not

of

authorities

principallyof

consisted

of

proportion

jects
sub-

important

most

the

Pliny

to

in its

Greeks

the

it

The

name

substance, and

cupreous

had

name

large

1st.

composition.

thought

that

say

contained

least

at

or

copper,

metal

that

implies that
seems

And

iron.

pharmacy, we shall brieflystate

recent
holding,contrary to the opinion of many
either
high reputation,that the chalcauthum

for

reasons

should

copper

and

the

In

ancient

with

connected
our

the

of

one

zinc

of

sulphates

conclusion, as this is

in

now,

the

of

much

sulphate of

the

that

clialcanthos.

the

VII.

properly given.

been

Pliny's descriptionof it applies exactly to blue

3d. Dioscorides's
vitriol. (1.c.)
descriptionof it tallies with
the descriptionof the sulphate of copper
given in the modern
was
indisputably
Greek
Pharmacopoeia. 4th. The chalcanthos
(1.c.)

2d.

formed

from

the

copper,

that

is to

administered

externally as

Celsus, and

poisons.

See

authorities

on

powerful escharotic.

of

is the

added

when

and

of the

Commentary.
'

"

is

generally

bronze,
of
it

from
was

or

It

was

among

ix,) and

the

Arabian

the

2 to

used

share

but

of

for the

remedies

if washed

the

per

cent,

possessed of

be

can

of

frequentlyapplied to

copper
the

clears

doubt

no

classical

Greek
of

the

than

collyria,it

eyelids.
Though there
by

is

or

copper,
to

combination
14

astrinzation
cicatri-

it agrees

avQoq,

of Copper,

burnt

than

Wherefore,

CoMM.
'

6th.

was

bodies.

flos,the Flower

coses

of

best

dry bodies;

upon

tender

powers

sy

It

KiKavfikvoq,

XaA/cov
^ris

ranked

was

5th.

Dioscorides,

See

Copper, is acrid, with

Burnt

ulcers

with

better

It

(ad Famihares,

Cicero

therefore

It

495.)
(1.c.)

pare
Com-

Toxicology.

ustum,

gency.

Med.

Dioscorides

See

XoXkoc
M%

(Mat.

of

mines

cementation.'^

of

(pluries.) 7th.

Galen

issuingfrom

waters

waters

Pereira

emetic.

an

as

"

say, from

(1.c.)with

Galen

used

of
evaporjition

and

more

squama
away

that

authors

tin in the

tile
sub-

seris.

asperities
this term

signify
proportion
to

latter,it is also certain that

native

copper,

as

it is in

general

by

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

the

authorities

be

may

with

quaiutcd

'

together

Chemical

Brass

their

was

according
either

itself

by

calcination
flake

of

in

copper," he

being only

the

reduced

granulated

water

(v, 87, 88), who

medicine
the

for

into

the
the

the

also

He

various

with

ear

of

recommends

several
the

for various

linctus

in

the

as

taken

in
None

honey.

only
See

as

or

pluries.)

external

Aviccnna

1. ult.

48)

et

iii,
48)

; Ebn

of

the

w-riters

(ii,2, 231);
;

on

Arabians

applications,but

Avcrrhoes

Baithar

calcined

The

copper,

medicine,

as

The

noticed

flowers

in the

recommended

and

eye,

Greek

and

in

or

Celsus

Rhases

Abbas

be

as

not

purgatives.

of copper,

to

also

articles

these

of

cine
medi-

substances,

corrosive

Haly

and

authorities

Dioscorides.

works

He

detergent

emetics

in

given

copper,

hydromel,

used

(Collig.
v, 43)

and

the

the

other

and

huraoui's.

and

with

of

blown

that

says

Serapion (c. 414);

(ii,
551.)
are

also

of

when

powder,

burning

caustic

protuberances

thick

so

(v, 6, 7,

of

He

fully of these preparations as

prescribesthem
frequently as caustic and

treat

dimness

of deafness

draught

flos seris

removing

cleansing

but

described

and

form

for

it

fine

was

detergent

it evacuates

processes

it

the

nostrils,and

ulcers, especiallythose

when

with

as

cure

when

is done

are

making

tonsils.

oboli

ustum

ses

the

for the

and

gums

as

ustum,

particular Dioscorides

of

such

sj^ringein

of three

amount

emetic

also

the

it

pui'poses,

and

describes

an

recommends

aris, or

thereupon

short

In

long

nothing

which

of copper

in

process

crocus,

which

seed,

grains."
See

the

it is

copper,

preparations

describes

anus

complaints
to

way

wasting polypi

cornea,

about

into

or

fly oflF

at'ls,

millet

ustum,

the jEs

which
"

melting

authorities.

minutely.

very

grains like

These

ancient

Flos

^s

Squama

from

by

Inventions.'

salt, by

or

ac-

made

calx

The

"

copper

the

upon

flies every

copper.

all the

by

sulphur

burnt

of

says
small

to

cold

immediately

to

"is little different

adds,

He

by pouring

reduced

were

Watson's

The

all

M.
^

See
of

Com
"

they

History

it

ancients,

place,

which

cadmia.
'

with

particlesof

is hammered."
copper

this

reverberatoryfurnace.''

The

orichalcum.

or

mixed

or

and

is copper

"

in

brass,

Beckmann's

aurichalcura

Geoffroy,

to

of

copper

and

Essays/

Medica.

cursorily

formation

the

compounding

Materia

remark

to

proper

the

on

405

(Cont.
(Pract. ii,

and
our

burnt
earlier

administered

SIMPLES.

406

CoMM.

both

internallyand

The

process

'

'

'

Paris

of

the

of

Quincy, jDubhshed
would

by
the

in

1763.

is

aris

Calx

He

in

the

of

of Dioscorides.

that

diuretic

"

"

and

is

'

Theophrastus

have

able

Arabians,

the

(ii,2, 132) ;

not

to

this

be

the

It has

bile.

of

it in

1. ult.

same

which

and, by

of

trixago^^of

still the

The

in

syrup
the

ascribe

Celsus
Arabian

Lindley (Veg. Kingd. 661.)

Avicenna

Serapion's

chronic

coughs,

decoction

in

and

Serapion

in

"UTiether

or

to

it.

(iv,6)

has

translators

reputation of being

We

Hippocrates.
of

One

the

all the

terms.

works

i, 152.)

L.

ix, 10.)

and

same

Dioscorides

thev

third

spleen, dysuria,
Galen

the

P.

(H.

it.

the

the

both

joins

determined.
satisfactorily
name.

is

in the

particularlySerapion (c.180);

viriues
''

ustum

obstructions.

emmenagogue

incipientdropsies,and

the

solete
ob-

Chamadrys

scin'hous

nearly

recommends

Avicenna

jaundice.

find

(Cont.

Rhases

dyspepsia, and
regard

to

see

authorities

Arabian

the

It is the

Teucrium

purges

account

it in

of

treat

been

not

for J^s

visceral

the

an

as

this

confirms

authorities

other

For

Hill

Dr.

among

enlarged spleens, proves

spasms,

and

incipientdropsy ;

way.

oris, were

drying

removes

its fruit

it in

commends

Dioscorides
and

and

that

says

down

clearly is

It

and

heating

melts

emmenagogue,

Commentary.

CoMM.
'"

therefore

It

Vienna,

(v, 37.)

Chamsedrys, Germander,
degree.

use

preparing

Squama

(p.242.)

Suppl. to Pharmacop.

in Grav's

for

formula

ancients.

They
in

retained

them

ranks

Rutty

use.

of

Pem-

1746.

(ii,91.

Med.

ceris, and

Flos

the

that

not

medicines

given

in

formula

in

also

longer

Mat.

Crantz's

in

given

says

preparations

omitted

are

been

have

preparations

English Dispensatory

They

to

externallyby

of these

Neither

physicians, since

Continental

1765.)

as

the

used

much

was

Complete

in

howcA^er,

appeal',

the

it

"

Dispensatory, published

London

berton's

that

(]Mat.ISIed. 32.)

occurs

described

minutely

is

copper

Royal Pharmacopoeia/ pubhshed at

by Dr. Hill, who
briefly described

'

are

ustum

ses

copper

his

They

ancients.^^

the

in

1676.

in

says

preparing calcined

of

vii.

(De Simpl. Med.)

Platearius

externally.See

Charras

-^Ioses

by

[book

black

never

adopt

been
this

pectoralmedicine.

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

407

^(tjHaiKlCTCTOC,
Heclera,

Ground

Ivy

being considerably bitter,

flower
liver.

of the

obstructions

removes

the

It is also

given

in ischiatic

diseases.
"We

Commentary.

see

good

no

for

reason

its

disputing

Comm.
"^

believe

have

to

for the

Romans

it in sciatica
Greek

Arabians

The

say, he

is to

the

it under

notice

the

by

country

the

recommends
the

and

jaundice, (iv,124.) Galen

treat of it in nearly the
same

and

authorities

author.

that

author,

our

as

we

gives it nearly

Dioscorides

Chamacissos.

characters

same

this

into

introduced

been

Ivy, which

Ground

hecleraceum, or

Glechoma

identitywith

other

terms

head

same

our

as

with

the

Serapion (De Simpl. 41) ; Ancenna

(Contin. 190.) The ground-ivy maintained
(ii,2, 169) ; Rhases
a
place in the Dispensatory Avith a high reputationas a hepatic,
the
in
daj's of
splenitic, diuretic, and
nephritic medicine

other

speciesof ivy.

See

In

the

Quincy.

(117.)

glechoma

hederaceum

ascribed
Convallaria

Lily

majalis, or

of the

(75.)

Euporiston

referred

is

It

"

the

Pharmacopoeia

^a/uaifCKxa-og.

in the

occurs

Dioscorides.

to

for the

stands

This
^ajiiaiKEpadoq.

Greek

modern

"

generally

by Sprengel

the

to

valley.

Xn^totAtu/cr/,
Ground

Chamseleuce,
order

and

desiccative

Poplar,

in the

the

third

should

read

in

calefacient

first.

Sprengel

Commentary.

is

maintains

that

we

Comm.
'

and
refers it to Stachelina
yrai^aiTTivKr],
Dioscorides
Dioscor.
merely
(iv, 125.)

lumbago.

All

it

recommends

assign it the

authoiities

other

the

In

L.

Cham(Xpeuce

in

general

same

characters.

Xa/nntXewi',
Chamseleon
and

the

desiccative

in

application
one

to indurated

phagedenic
The
poisonous.
black,

but

the

more

of

But
the

bitter.

and

discutient

when

white
When

It is also

applied in

AVhen

ulcers.
root

and

is calefacient

chamseleon

order.

third

skin,

tumours.

cures

the

nearly the

to

black

of the

root

taken

gent
deter-

emollient

cataplasm
internallyit

is

chameleon
drunk

with

like
austere

that

it
is
of

wine

"^

SIMPLES.

408

the

to

of

amount

CoMMENTARi.

CoMM.
'

'

that

46,

acetabulum, it kills the broad

an

It is also useful

worms.

we

corymbosus

Carthamus
and

see

we

good

no

for

to

of

ixia, or

white

the

authorities

mastich,

doing, we

as

gum

to

be

the

of

root

This

The

in

Galen

in

Avicenna

species
other

the

species

is

it

produces
mends
recom-

dysuria when
chamseleon
of

cure

Our

he

lichen, for
rows
bor-

author

Aetius

head.

of

remarks

poisonous, and

hence

is

scabies,lichen, leprosy,and
in

is noticed
occurs

Dioscorides

by

and

(9.)

purposes.
this

resembling

gum

black

the

for

ancient

Dioscorides

dropsy

of

root

Dr.
those

the

by

says

(1157.)

under

black

See

places." (Theatre

some

articles

other

Some

in

the

Hippocratic

works

the

works.

Celsus, who

of

ingredient in a malagma for gout, (v, 18,

Arabians
treat
species. See
elaboratelyof both
(ii,2, 197, 455) ; Serapion (c. 274, 275) ; Rliases

prescribes it

Cont.

1. ult.

whole

their

and

and
Gerard

other

the

The

(De Ulcer.)
The

stated

as

Parkinson

vermifuge

various

from

acaulis,

with

well

very

is described

applied only externally in

33.)

Carlina

opinion.
gummifera.

C.

the

37,
the

to

virtues,however, which

The

sure.

so

also

with

like.

this

changing

chamseleon,

8.)
(iii,

toothache, and
the

the

to

acaulis,agree

sometimes,

as

in wine,

recommends

that

white

clianiseleon

See

its root

mostly

C.

not

Plants, 968.)
taken

the

white

are
''

such

chamseleon

black

whether, however, it produces the

the

as

the

prefer

Lindley (Veg. Kingd. 708.)

ascribes

Book, Sections

Fifth

the

the

and

reason

Lindley

intestinal

authorities, however,

good

in

to refer

inchned

VII.

dropsicalcomplaints.

in

Stated

We
were

[book

as

an

ii,208)

Averrhoes
of them

characters

(CoUig.
agree

with

v,

42.)

those

the

Upon

by

Dioscorides

Galen.

Chamsemelum,
the

first order.

Anthemis,

or

Chamomile, heats

It is also attenuant,

and

dries

in

discutient,relaxant, and

aromatic.
Commentary.

CoMM.
"

'
"

It

certainlyappliesto

the

Anthemis

nobilis,

be
the
to
probably is not restricted to it. It appears
It is the avOif~uq
of Theophrastus. (H. P. vii,8, 14.)
avSi/iiov
been
it has
of Dioscorides, who
three species,which
describes
but

found

very

difficult to

distinguishand

identify.

He

says

the

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

roots, the

flowers^and

that

when

the

409

stem

and

calefacient

are

attenuant,

Comm.
'

both

of the

evacuation

for

drunk

are

of the

liver

that

ileus

cure

is used

decoction

the

"with it.

perspiration. According

and

this

oil

the whole
to

cases

body

promote

evavOeimovof

is the

find

it in

to

his

Mat.

as

being

culated
cal-

pain,relieve contracted parts,soften hardened,

dispelfevers not accompanied with visceral inflammation,

to

133,
(iii,
partialto

ed.

plant, of which

they

ii, 154, i, 15G)

1. ult.

(Pract. ii,34.)
characters
given to the

Abbas

in the

treat

been

very
See

great length.

at

Simpl. 22); Rhases

Averrhoes
(CoUig. v, 42)
word, they entirelyconcur
(De

In

have

to

appear

Scrapion

(ii,2, 118);

(Contin.

Arabians

The

Basil.)

this

Aviceuua

Haly

by

soothe

to

and

catory,
masti-

is rubbed

body

chamomile

of

diseases

described

cannot
Hippocrates. (Morb. Mulier., i,625.) We
Celsus.
Galen, in the preliminary dissertation

Med.,' strongly eulogises the

they

chamomiles

manner

the

'

fomentation

aphthae as

in such

Galen

to

that

the

says

when

chamomile

oil of

with

in

stronglyrecommends

Aetius

143.)
(iii,

rubbed

be

fevers

in intermittent

is useful

him,

urine

jaundice and

cure

He
complaints about the bladder.
fistula lachrymalisin a cataplasm,
and that the oil prepared in a

for

to

tympanitisand

the

hip-bath they promote

foetus,calculi,and

menses,

and

in

and

drunk

chamomiles

Dioscorides

by

and

Galen,

Chamaipitys,
di'ies in

Ground

viscera,especiallyof

of the

in

heats

It is therefore

third.

the

Pine,

the

the

and

cathartic

liver.

order, but

second

detergent
and

It is diuretic

era-

putridulcers.
agglutinateslarge wounds, and cures
scirrhous
discusses
swellings,and the decoction of it is

menagogue,
It also
useful

in ischiatic

diseases.
It appears

Commentary.

probable

that

author's

our

plant Comm.
"

Ajuya chamaepitys, but here

agreed. It is brieflymentioned

commentators

is

Celsus

medicine

but

it does

as

(v, 4),

ti-eatises.
is

Of

with

we

occur,

pores

or

given

His
to

it

characters

mouths
the

Ilippocratic

believe, in

by

our

of the

first agree

author, who,

by

of vessels

speciesdescribed by Dioscorides,the
plant,the second is a speciesof tcucrium, and

iva.
('ji'(/a
those

not

the

opens

means

(Alex.05), and

Nicander

as

well

'
"

no

the three

probably this

third

which

by

by

are

in the
as

first
the

main

Galen,

SIMPLES.

410

Aetius, and

CoMM.

[book
from

Oribasius^ evidently copy

him.

The

VII.

other

'

'

'

species,he

two

Arabians

Averrhoes

recommends
virtue

it

expels

was

cure

celebrated

as

famous

See

See

the

call this

some

Commentary.
the

in

particular
for

gout, and

our

in

ingredient

an

still to

this

in

place

be

arthritica

found

in

and

Teucrium

plant Chamaedrys,

Teucrium, being possessed of similar

and

of Iva

names

laxative.

the

Gray (Suppl. to Pharmacop. 49.)

Chameedi'ops ;
CoMM.

Avicenna

is

It

the

3, 131); Serapion
(ii,

sciatica

powder.

it bears

chamcepitys.

"

foetus, and

long as it retained
Quincy (116.) It was

Portland

shops, where

of

All

powers.

being diuretic,erame-

as

the

(Collig.v, 32.)

it for the

Dispensatory.
the

that

similar

(Cont. 1. ult. i,153); Avicenua

Rhases

(c. 179)

it

representing

medicine

nagogue,
See

in

concur

possessed of

are

says,

According

Dioscorides

to

the

to

powers

and

some

Chamsedrys.

it is

the

same

as

Xa^taiopuc.
XajuoiffVK)?,
Ground

Chamaesyce,
so

that

the

eyes

'
"

it

They

and

honey,

Euphorbia
Galen

and

Avorks

either

to

find

the

which

he

others

do

of

havins: been

used

of
bv

the

thick

away

of vision

cicatrices
and

gives
the

It does

same.
or

Celsus,

"We

Arabians.

not

are

be

to

(iv,167.)
in the
been

we

not

the

borrowed

occur

have

nor

the

Dioscorides

Dioscorides.

it from

acro-

in

fusions,
incipientsuf-

have

to

appears

powers,
and

myrmecia

remove

author

Our

Hippocrates

it in those

acrid

place assigned to it by
It is acknowledged

spui'ge.

chamcecyce.

characters

the

it

dimness

the

and

detergent

clear

cure

From

evidently

was

juice of

therefore

Commentary.

CoMM.
"

with

and

twigs

chordones.

Fig, has

able
of

aware

its

authorities.

modern

XaiiitXaia,
Chameleea, Mezereon,

It therefore

powers.
with

'
*

which

Spurge

gent
Olive, is possessed of deter-

cleanses

foul

ulcers

and

eschars

honey.

Commentary.

CoMM.
"

or

has

plant, we

Notwithstanding

prevailedamong
see

no

the

good grounds

the

difference

commentators

for

doubting

of

opinion

regarding
that

it

was

this
the

tinction

CoMM.
"

'
"

[book

SIMPLES.

412

the

between

and

last

the

the

above
The
2, 455.)
dropsy, (ii,
remarked, clearlyproves the identityof the

sketchy it will be
of the
y^afxlXaia

Greeks, and

the

We

admit, however, that it does

the

Daphne
of

authorities

To

Mezereon.
of

physiologicaleffects
the

effects of the

the

chamelsea

It

Mezereon, and

is

D.

best

our

the

with

with

(805)

that

however,
Both

o/eoides.
in

the

Dioscorides

by

Pereira

retained

are

well

very

mention,

to

Daphne

by

described

as

proper

to be
yr.
Chiidium

the

described

as

mezereon

identitywith

however, that

it appears,

us

Arabians,

the

their

prove

particular compare

(1. c.)
held

not

day, con'espond

or

In

of

Mezereon

mezereon,

present

Serapion.

Serapion
Sibthorp

commends

particularlyin

mezereon

and

He

first two.

VII.

the

Daphne
Greek

the

modem

the

great is cale-

Pharmacopoeia. (108.)
XeXtSoi'toi',
Columbine

Chelidonium,
facient

it contributes

juice of

with

drunk
taken

order, and

third

in the

anise

cients, is
It also

belongs
to

as

it

The

root

juice of

The

also when

order

skin

the

ulcerate

when

toothache.

cures

fourth

the

to

leprous nails.

removes

The

sight.

obstructions, and

'V\Tien masticated

acrid, so

more

of

icteric

species,which

smaller

powerfully detergent.

acuteness

to

removes

wine.

with

Celandine

or

in

of

The
calefa-

cataplasm.

it purges

by

the

nose.

"

'

"

'

Ranunculus

the

describes
it in

Aetius

juice of

of

(vi,14.) Both
See

them

in the
"

Avicenua

less

as

as

our

like

our

works

of

chelidonia"

speciesare

Chelidonium
seem

very

of

Orfila, it appears
Dioscorides

poison.
minutely, and
He

(ii,201.)
author,
author.

be

to

Pliny praises it as an
a
remedy for impairment

acrid

very

recommends

gives

the

same

(ii,212.)

Galen

and

Neither

them

is to

of

prescribesthe
Hippocrates. Celsus
as
an
applicationto enlarged tonsils,
treated
distinctly

(ii,2, 295, 727)

(Cont. 1. ult. i,200.)

and

the

would

other

experiments

toothache,

and

the

of

the

the

great celandine

the

treat

found

tumours,

acts

magus

javmdice

character

be

C.

species is

no

application to strumous
of sight. From
that

first

dispute. The
Ficaria, or Fig-wort.
of

niajus L. admits
the

the

That

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

They

all

of

by

the Arabians.

Serapion (c. 196) ; Rhases

recommend
the juice of the

of the

It

eyes.

the

use

the

from

films

in with

Sivallotvs

honey,

the

commends

the

of

diseases

of

eyes,

(iv,4.)

other

in

and

in these

ashes

of them

account

Avicenna

their

Arabians

Dioscorides

and

Galen.

2, 347);
(ii,

Rhases

author.

the

same

scriptions
de-

the

repeat

Serapion

See

(Contin.1.

use

ult.

i, 741);

(i,375.)

Baithar

Ebn

(ii,6.)

Comm.

re-

and

cynanche

speaks of
Galen
gives

The

given by
(c.443)

of

cases

tribute
con-

also

Celsus

Dioscorides

cases,

our

as

in

swallows

also

They

rustica.

Hirundo

It is the

Commentary.

rubbed

ashes, if

their

burnt

when

inflammatory cynanche.
of sight.

cure

acuteness

to

occurs

Pharmacopoeia. (46.)

Greek

Hirundines,

majus

chelidonium

The

of cattle.

eyes

modern

in the

'-"^^~'

removing films
curing jaundice and
See Quincy
(117.) Even at the present day
for removing
the acrid juiceof the celandine

eyes.

farriers

rustic

Comm.

for

its character

taining
from

jaundice,in tootliache,and in affections

long: held a place in our Dispensatory, rein

celandine

greater

413

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

XoAjj,
Fel, Bile,

according

differs

pale, and

the

forasmuch

of

that

which

the

bulls

is

that

of

which

goat
of

gallsof

in

acrid

and

the
and
a

is

to

acrid, and
and

bears

still

more

of

the

cure

is the

eagles

are

than

gall of
in

Our

so

the

gall of

cocks

and

far

sometimes

author's

the
of

gall

gall of

leucomata,
of

the

wild

gall of all fowls is

quadrupeds. But
partridges.

acrid

more

the

hysena, next
the
scorpion

vision,and

The

nyctolopia.

But

that

The

sea-tortoise.

that of goats, to

more

of

it

pungent

prove

allied.
that

so

suffusions,dimness

violet colour, but

Commentary.

still
are

oxen

not

callionymus,and

desiccative

best

does

that

all,so

of

weakest

and

ears,

more

of

that

is believed

of

the

in

the

is the

swine

fish called

answers

them

of

stronger, and
the

of hawks
and

sheep

likewise

and

more

ulcers

with

agrees

that

as

than
yellow is hotter
the
than
yellow ; and also
which
animals
produce it ;

violet-coloured
of

juices,but

animal

the

colour, for

difference

the

all

of

hottest

the

tlie

to

the

according to

but

Gall, is

or

and

Those

corrosive,

black.

account

of the

medicinal

pro-

Comm.

SIMPLES.

414

perties of

CoMM.

is

bile

[book
Galen.

from

abridged

is

Bile

vii.

article

an

"

which, although

'

still holds
the

its

gall of

thus

excluded

now

certain

for the

animals

its ^irtues

states

Continental.

the

place in

the British

from

as

of

removal
Vis

"

subtilius

medicamenta

he

calls it

says, the

of

He

(De Simpl. 459)

1. ult.

i, 291)

retained

Ebn
;

in the

Chondrile,
and

modern

is therefore

Without

'

or

Kingd. 708.)
supposed to
the

mastich,

along
root

does

the
and
and

the

to

the

gum

See

specieswhich
applied

is

of

is bitterish,

it.

juncea,

Lindley (Veg.
is
specieswhich
describes
he

on

mild
the

needle

leprosy;

linen

that

eyelashes;
is dipped into
in

the

bites

curately
ac-

to

compares

cloth

olive it is emmenagogue

it is beneficial

hairs ; that

(Cont.
bull

Lactucarium,

to

Dioscorides

when

an

hairs

Serapion

Chondrilla

another

osa.

cleanses

when

same

that

the

that

the

it and
of

is

gum

fresh

applied

the

viper ;

describes
He
juice is an astringentof the bowels.
second
species as being also glutinous, (ii,160.) Galen
authorities treat only of the former
the other Greek
species,
that

its

that

in very

either

except

of

Baithar

Ebn

wholly

macop.

brief

by Hippocrates
traces

not

it

natron

the

it that

than

similar

in Lemnos.

tuber

size of

the

former

the

of

says

glueing

for

and

and

with

used

to

of

it is the

describes

Apargia

gum

myrrha

with

be

also

gall of

desiccative

doubt

Dioscorides

rally
libe-

species of Endive,

more

it is still cultivated

for which

draws

Pharmacopoeia.

produces

It

Succory.

Gum

"

that

Ehases

The

(ii,510.)

far

so

See

(Pract. ii,50)

Greek

weakest

subject,but

the

Succory, being

Gum

Commentary.

CoMM.

Baithar

the

2, 250.)
(ii,

Abbas

Haly

Galen

and

96.)
(ii,
quadrupeds,

Of

calf,and

largelyof

treats

Dioscorides

of

that

utilius

Dioscorides

hot, abstergent medicine.

strongest is

sheep.
from

'

animalium

Minorum

Avicenna

"

albugo. Pliny
ejus excalfacere,

mordere, scindere, extrahere, discutere.

et ideo ad oculorum
intelligitur,
existimatur.^'
See
(H. N. xxviii,40.)

'

recommends

Scarpa

medicine

Pharmacopoeias,

unknown

63.)

terms.
or

it in

Neither

Celsus.
any

of

of

We
the

The
(i,395.)
in the shops.

them

find

works
ChondriUa

See

are

described

in
difficulty
of

the

covering
dis-

Arabians,

juncea

is

Gray (Suppl.to

still

Phar-

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

415

Xoi'OjOOC,
is like

Cliondrus,

In

Commentary.
nature.
now

but

wheat,

First

the

glutinous than

more

Book

have

we

to
(Vol.I, 123.) It would
appear
called
Farro, being prepared from
as
pearled barley is from
barley.

have

it.

explained its

been

the

the

article

Comm.
'

'

"

actly
speltwheat, exGray (Suppl.to

See

Pharmacop. 16.)

Xf)i;(TOK:oAAo,
Chrysocolla;
another

kind

one

of

it is found

in metal

is

of red copper
prepared in a mortar
it being triturated
the same,
with the urine
of
to puberty during the heat of the
dog days.
discuticnt

detergent, having
than

of

those

the

kind

and

found

It

being pungent.
ulcers.
By burning

not

that

so

is

greater

powers

it

sumes
con-

with

agrees

render

may

come

therefore

It therefore
it you

and

pestleof

boy

mines,

flesh without
ill-conditioned

with

desiccative

in metal

mines,

it less

pungent.
Commentary.

In

subject,it will
positionof

what

which

Armenian,

quality is
kind

to

the

and

and

ancients

thus

of

is of

is pure
stones

be worked

in

thus

the

having poured

first

and
be

must

place
have

leek

the

selected

'

to

"

The

"

colour

then

complicated Comm.
give an ex-

written

Chrysocolla:

intense

an

best

the

that

of

in

which

which

rejected. The aforesaid

Having pounded it,throw it into

in water,

is the

second

Cyprian,

but

it.

upon

be

must
:

the

this very

themselves

Macedonian;

that

of earth

the

understand

to

necessary

writes

Dioscorides

the

be

order

is full
article

is

mortar,

rub

strongly with the flattened

then
to
mortar;
allowing it to settle,strain; and
pouring in more
water, again rub, and do this alternately
until

hand

the

it becomes

clean

and

But
lay past for use.
in the followingmanner
it into

pan,

previouslysaid
power

of

flesh;

is

in

the

if you
:

wish

the

former

to

dried

burn

sun,

(calcine?) it,do

triturated

coals,and

it
do

The

cases.

it in the

so

sufficiently,
put

otherwise

as

chrysocollahas

we

the

deterging ulcers,repressing and cleansing fungous

styptic,calefacient,mildly septic, with
certain
a

excite

(v,104.)

having

Having

upon

of pungency.

amount

which

place

; then

pure

This

vomiting,

It

belongs

and

which

to

may

the

class
prove

is evidentlythe
chrysocolla

same

of

medicines

fatal
as

to

that

life."
which

SIMPLES.

416

'

'

"

in

gold

Now

and

the

parts

may

here

say

at

mineralogy,

above,

the

being

as

around

called

mineral

quantity
(De Lapid. 47.)

every

the

vii.

in great

them/^

that

once

recognise

must

found

being

"

as

mines

we

with

described

has

Theophrastus

CoMM.

[book

conversant

person

described

chrysocoUa,

"

"

common

copper-green

of copper.
For
a
by Jameson, being an impiu-e carbonate
Cleaveland
clear
(Mineralogy, p. 570.)
descriptionof it, see
which
to
This, it will be remarked, is the only substance
of ChrysocoUa;
but
in a preDioscorides
applies the name
ceding

chapter,treating of
"

is

There

by

of

means

urine

of

and

mortar

ivhich

ivWi

person,

young

varieties

this

to

name

also

the

of

chapter
also

called

urine

the

in

pounded
This,

santerna,"

"

he

adds,

the

and

the

forms

solder

used

to

true

chrysocollaof Dioscorides, he

for

ever

cleansing

dry powder;
orthopnoea
added
to

acesis

tinctoria.

angina;

of

the

from

it

that

nitrum

former
used

used

as

gris,
verdi-

bronze.
he

does

kind

or

in medicine

oil, and

linctus

was

(soda?)

or

copper

was

and

was

Cyprian

of

The

wax

in

says

This, however,

says

in

conclusion,

with

also

in

honey

emetic;

an

orobitis

thereby,

meaning

which

(1.c.)
their

medicinal

strongly pungent
Wherefore

describes

Galen

of

one

but
some

we

powers

those
it is

that

he

with

suppose,
the
as

two

for
was

scribed
previously decalled by him

herb

woad,
kinds
:

the

consume

the

physicians call
medicinal),and

had

follows

moderately

call only

the

with

synonymous

tinged
being artificially

chrysocolla,is
cant.

given

was

chrysocolla,he says,
(a term, by the way,

lutum,"

treats

it

following

he

for specks on
the eyes, and
ingredient to collyria
plastersfor relievingpain and contracting cicatrices.

as
'^

and

different

was

that

with

along

from

scription
de-

an

as

green

This

wounds

the

which

Cyprian

medicine.

in

say

was

in

addition

not

the

Thus

elaborate

very

then

gold.

see,

Dioscorides.

kind,

with

soon

solderinggold) was

to

prepared

was

boy, with
Cyprian mortar
of

in

gives a

other

gold." (v,9.2.)

shall

we

and

chrysocolla;

true

brieflynotices

he

first

xxxiii_,
26, 27, 28)

N.

Pliny (H.

solder

they

as
variety of the verdigris,
Chrysocolla (from its being used
applied by the writers subsequent

Now

of

verdigris,he says,
verdigrismade
by the goldsmiths,
pestle,of Cyprian copper and the

of

kind

certain

the

or

Isatis

together,and
This

medicine,

flesh,and

discutient

fossil bv

the

this

and
name,

is not
desicbut

SIMPLES.

SECT.

Til.]

some

also the
with

mortar

which

prepared in

value

to

it in

prepare

in

urine

weather, pounding the

summer,

the

excellentlyif the bronze, of

be red, and
the pestletoo, for more
turning round of the pestle when
is most

suited

This

medicine

by itself
saying of

and

mixed

with

fossil

that
chrysocolla,

the

less stimulant
that

it

being so
it
(calcined),

burnt

when

(De Simpl. ix.)

Galen

the

the

softer

sores,

both

by

this

the

attenuated;

still

from

is clear

It

by

concludes

more

becomes

answers

desiccative

more

the

hot

mortar,

is of

He

in

off"

malignant

to

much

is, as

bronze

substances.

other

the

rubbed

"

verdigris.
it

make

boy,

least

at

And

is thus

nature.

of

of the

or

you

the

(copper?)Comm.

urine

mortar.

which

more

and

bronze

of the
pestleby means
according to the differences

it is better

But

is

copper

some

which

substance

417

ated.
attenu-

more

that

statement

his list of

Simples both the fossil chrysocolla

from
and
the kind
Aetius
prepared
verdigris.
merely
of
the
Galen,
the
account
abridges
chrysocollagiven by
(ii,
81.)
his
And
Oribasius
as
professedlycopies
descriptionsof the
included

fossils used

under

medicine

in

anything

further

coincides

entirelywith

Celsus

of

(v,8.)
the

first

his

it with

ranks

made

now

Dioscorides.

the

the

substance

boy

the

other

not

in

Coll.

caustic

it

xiii.)
stances,
sub-

Avicenna, in

under

the

bronze

say

that

fossil,of which

of

name

species; the one,

two
a

the

Arabians.

this

of

(Med.

(v,6) and

to

urine

need

chrysocolla,than

turn

of

the

already explained;

of

he describes

which

with

of

corrosive

the

We

Dioscorides, we

account

that

place, treats

of
chrysocolla,

from

the

ficial,
arti-

mortar,
he

says

as

he

its

general characters,namely,
forth.
that it is abstergent,caustic,septic,and
so
Referring
emetic
and astringent
and Galen, he calls it an
to Dioscorides
(ii,2, 358.) He
medicine, and good for malignant sores,
will

there

refers to sect.
that

says

It is

which

it under

auri ; in
the

best

he

696, where
of two

is called

two

species

III.

person

in
;

which

as

and

tincar,of which

Galen.
of

he

the

carious

teeth.

Averrhoes

La9acolaap,i. e. Consolidatura
account
givesexactlythe same

He

mortar

of

factitious,
gold-solder(capistrum auri).

the

of

names

Arabic, Cumbur.

prepared

young

the

treats

kinds, the fossil and

useful,he says, in toothache

describes

of

describes

it consists

latter of

the

He

treat.

now

He
red

speciesis

more

says
bronze

the

factitious

with

the

efficacious than

kind

urine

of

is
a

the other.
27

"

418

CoMM.

(Collig.V, 43.)
minerals,

to

says of

of baurach
fossil
it is

(nitrum ?),and

hot, dry,
in

worm

wonderful
the

in

basis

Borax.

e.

and

the taste

and

in

INIesuai

kills the
it has

them

say

sea

it, that

of

of the
boy, we mean
and it is the solder of gold (chrv^socoUa.) It would
factitious,
is described
to be the chrysocollawhich
by Haly Abbas
appear
admit
ourselves
(Pract. ii,48, 495), but we must
incapable of
interpretingcorrectlyhis meaning as expressedin the barbarous
of his works.

translation
under
Ebn

of

the

Ebn

of

name

in

have

we

Baithar

Tankar

which

Amrara

of

it is either
of the

toothache,

Aben

urine

the

with

banks

throbbing

devoted
Amrain

and

VII.

Ebn

"

is found

in

stopping the

it is

(radix)of

his work

bitterness

some

is useful

Rhases

powers.

of

the fossil is in the

subtile

and

them,

i.

Tincar,

has

And

and

portion

speciesof salts,and

of the

factitious.

or

of

thus

[book

in the

Serapion

writes

it,it is

SIMPLES.

of

first treats
from

extract

an

above

given

colla
chryso-

the

works

quoted by
(434),he

as

again in the 2d volume

Serapion. (i,214.) And
first gives descriptions of the
chrysocolla in extracts
and

Dioscorides

people

some

socolla
from

the

and

Galen.

"

mountain

green,"

'^

stated

above,

the

which

Borax,

probably

applied the
of

Avicenna,
a

their

but

Ebn

is the

name

term

of

article

Dioscorides
adhesio
the

its

following

from

the

green,"

copper

the true
copper," was
signifyingGold solder.
a
digris
preparation of ver-

Tincal, Tankar,

being

authorities
well

auri.

this head

"

which

to

and
and
most

they

sometimes

used

in the

(as

for

that

aware

the

dering
sol-

example,
this borax

corides.
chrysocollaof Dioscorruptionof Baurach,

the

is probably a

applied by

clny-

speciesof salt,which

were

substance

borax

of

of

Biboras,

Baithar)

totallydifferent

that the

under

of

names

names

best

that

solderinggold, to which
applied by Pliny, Galen,

chrysocollafrom

gold,

The
which

Soda

name

and

the

described

our

was

for

it

draw

now

describes

likewise

Arabians

the

calls

said term

used

under

That

3.

others.

was

also

chrysocolla was

name

the

by

further

was

He
we

remark

from

extracts

nati^'C carbonate

Dioscorides

That

the

totallydifferent

treated

matters

chrysocollaof Dioscorides, the

2.

was

givesmerely

known

mineral

the

That

Galen

i,25.)

regarding

conclusions
1.

been

with

chrysocolla,but

ult.

(Cent. 1.
has

concludes

tankar

and

Rhases

tankar.

what

From

it the

called

Dioscorides

of

and

Galen,

from

Arabians

to

the

nitrum

of

SIMPLES.

420

Lead, is refrigerant and

Cerussa^ White
'
"^

V.

little

the

to

would

of

the

the

Cerussa

the

carbonate

of

vapours
from

Rhases,

trochisc

in

Perhaps

Dr.

which

of
Med.

is

expressly
in

as

]Med.

Simpl.

of

ceruse,

he

taken

above.

them

The

(i,63.)

last

of

same

class

more

especiallywhen

collyriafor
is

the

dropped

or

into

Haly

of

these

Psyllium,

mixed

mixed

Fleawort

as

in

kinds

Comp.
Galen

in

administered
as

anodyne

an

and

App. vi, 31),

in

of

general. (De
the

it,but

ulcers

(v. 103.)

(vi,7), but
(v, 27,

authorities
as

nally
interAll

15.)

after

Galen

have

we

paration
pre-

gives its

author,

our

characters

says

the

of
that

with

up

it,that

stated

the

with

in

rose-oil,it is
a

eyes,
the

proper

belongs

of

in such

to

the

an

Baithar
in the

vinegar, and
a

good application

ingredient
dissolved

and

"

white

advantage

seed

; Ebn

it is useful

dissolved

it forms
of

with

(Pract.ii,48)

Abbas

that

up

eye

De

minutely

poison

Arabian

Minium

as

the

it

same

inflammations

milk

and

album,

particular Serapion (De Simpl. 378)

cephalalgia;

in

woman's

cases

be

to

it

like

terms

burns

the

in

See

2, 117)
(ii,

Avicenna

of

and

exactly

ceruse

different

brief

treats

Greek

other

not

describes

the

it in

recommends

Celsus

give

and

this

authorities.

Milligan.)

recommends

Dioscorides

ix.)

Trochisci

Emplastrum

(Comment,

eyes

the

ancient

soothing application

properties in

medicinal

the

and

He

nally,
inter-

find, however,

to

ad

ought

iv.)

Geoffrey's
Dioscorides.

administered

the

had

therefore,

was,

(See Galen,

2.22

ceruse

of the

pains

astringent

an

that

which

ceruse.

the

it with

Celsus,

Med.

internally(Meth.
collyrium

and

says

of

any

ingredient.

an

vi,

gen.

in

nor

lead

fact, from

able

Book

certainly the

ingredient in

an

been

not

confounded

Hill

ceruse

sec.

fact

have

We

albi of Rhases.

in

in

(xviii.)The

and

sometimes

if,as Dr. Hill remarks, it is

is

of

modern

taken,

been

have

poison

Plinii"

vinegar^

the

is

process
to

appear

white

of

as

lead

Our

and

nothing different

or

description
It

consisted

ceruse

exposed

been

says

Dioscorides

of
^ij^ivQiov
ancient

"

Alston

59.

"

vn.

eraplastic.

of it

treated

have

We

Commentary.

CoMM.
"

[book

egg,

"

in
that

in
a

it

cases.

second

order

of

SIMPLES.

111.]

SECT.

it holds

regard

With

refrigerants.

is

ulcers

mahgnant

Dioscorides

G6.)

like

our

author.

Celsus

(v, 2.)

The

Simpl. 230)

Ebn

also for

dispensatory,it

it has

virtues.

medicinal

same

Serapion (De

of it

of

Med.

poison

as

in

celebrated

to

cordingly
Ac-

iii,117.)
late writers

the

by

ceased

occupy

in modern

commends

Platearius

the

have
poisonous qualities

(Mat.

long

been

has

its

Crantz

it treated

find

not

toxicology. Although
its

xxvi,

(Cont. 1. ult. i,567);

treated

have

exaggerated by Dioscorides.

our

seed

inflammation

allayingthe

(i,132) ; Rhases

Baithar

been

do

its

testinal
diseases,in-

it for

(ii,2, 533)

Avicenna

Book

we

cation
appli-

an

that

arthritic

recommend

Arabians

(De Simpl. 20.) We

V. " 40.
According to

Mesue

as

serpents. (H. N.

tumours,

^~^'

Dioscorides

lard

says

Comm.

no

stances
puts it in his list of agglutinativesub-

See

fevers.

acute

also
of

bites

cures

Greeks, and

the

as

purposes
of

Greek

other

the

and

hog's

be

can

complaints, with rose-oil,vinegar or

a
powerful refrigerant,(iv,70.) Galen
authorities
give its characters succinctly

is,he says,

It

powers

other

hernia, and
water.

it

says

Pliny

the

good application to

with

pounded

it

there

Plantago Psijllium L.

it is the

it ;
about
difficulty
and
Pliny recommend

moistening

that

Spreugel remarks,

Commentary.

to

heating and

to

place.

intermediate

an

421

it

on

place in
times

highly

for
as

astringent medicine, in acute fevers, dysenteries,

hemorrhages, "c. (De Simpl. Med.) Prosper Alpinus mentions
that the modern
frequent use of its mucilage
Egyptians make
and

coohng

as

medicine, and

for

Mesue

setting it down

Rutty (Mat. Med. 415.)

rich
mucilage, which it
in

seeds

its

recent

Its

fault with

poison. (De
seeds

appears

form

Dioscorides

Med.
with

is still much

nephriticaffections.

authority on

mucilaginous

are

as

catai-rh,gonorrhoea, and

Kingd. 643.)

finds

he

hence

and

pharmacy

and

^Egypt.); and
boiling water
used

in

India,

Lindley (Veg.
says

purgative. Gray

of it that

(Suppl.

to

Pharmacop. 44.)
is formed

Psoricum,
of

one

It

litharge, triturating them

into

them

becomes

than

new
more

chalcitis.

parts of chalcitis with

in vinegar, and, having put

by mixing

two

in dung for forty days.

pot, by burying them
subtile, and less pungent
desiccative,more

SIMPLES.

422

'

'

and

cadmia

chalcitis ;

Celsus

273.)

has

psoricum

It

it to be

derives

been

long

its

its

of
of

say

Dioscorides.

from

2,
(ii_,
and

mia.
cad-

used

being

scabies

with

as

The

(psora.)
practice of medicine.

in the

unknown

author

our

vii.

mixture

of chalcitis

made

name

affected

parts

and

follows

Avicenna

directs

also

(vi,6, 31.)
application to

an

Galen, Aetius,

chalcitis.

litharge and

call it

Pliny

and

Dioscorides

Commentary.

CoMM.

[book

Qoi',
An

Ovum,

Egg

the

and

white

thin

for the

being moderately cooling. It is to be used

in the
ulcers
pudendum, and all ill-conditioned

pungency,
eyes,
It

mixed

is also

And

plasters.

the

powers,

is mixed

roasted

it

whole

whole

taken

in

the

chest,

New

eggs

'
"

fried,it

proves
to

are

eaten, it dries

the

addition
the

or

becomes

of

and

concocts

for

drastic.
When

aff'ections in

soothes

of
asperities
those

wild

the

burns.

reheves

stances,
sub-

sour

some

alvine

up

considerablymore

immediately

demulcent

of

flowers

preferredto old, and

be

the

of hens

trachea.
to

the

animals.

gives,in

Galen

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

and

of all other

eggs

received

supping state, it

being

egg

vinegar,and

^i

applied raw

egg

an

galls, sumach,

it be

pomegranate,

styptic

possessed of similar

When
anti-inflammatory remedies.
but
less soothing. If
desiccative

more

as

form

which

with

if,having

But

medicines

of

boiled

be

such

up

the

ulcers.

yolk

becomes

egg

fluxes.

with

up

all

from

is free

part

his

usual

copious

and

ele-

lengthy dissertation on the medicinal

style,a somewhat
limits to which
are
we
properties of eggs, but the narrow
stance
necessarily restricted, prevent us from transferringthe subthat is
of it to our
although it contains much
pages,
recommends
highly interesting.(De Simpl. xi.) Galen
eggs
and
he
medicinal
in
for various
particular
;
pm'poses
says that
wool
cation
dipped in the white of an egg proves a serviceable appligant

to

and
He

to

of

the

our

Dioscorides
author
the

bladder

is

and

their

vii'tues

indebted,
particularly

more

white

states

of

an

e^^

ulceration

in
of

briefly,
54, 55.)
(ii,

more

tepid state for severe

the kidneys, roughness
a

windpipe, vomiting of blood, catarrhs, and defluxions of

chest.
Pliny, Dioscorides, and Sextus Platonicus
say that
of
pounded with oil form an excellent applicationin cases

of the

eggs

him

recommends

pains
the

burns.

423

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

erysipelas^the

of beet

leaves

laid

being

the

on

Pliny

place.

Comm.
'

"

of

ulcers

and

in diarrhoea

useful

of

of

of

520.)

See

Rhases

(Ad

Mansor.

Antid.

Basil, belongs

and

has

use

when

also

and

discutient

is

order

humidity,

of

calefacieuts,

hence

it is of

no

applied externally,it

when

but

probably is

It most

also

of it that

says

carminative, diuretic, and

Ochnum

the

is

but

Comm.
'

pur-

the

bowels,

is of

difficult

it loosens

milk,

creates

Basilicum.

medicinal

it for many

only recommends

not

externally,but

poses

tory
supposi-

digestive.

Commentary.
Dioscorides

second

the

to

internally;

taken

vinegar are

Qki/iov,

recrementitious

some

in

in

iv.)

'

Ocimum,

melilot

2,
applicationto the eyes, (ii,
(i,193) ; Serapion (c. 446) ;

an

as

Baithar

Ebn

also

it

of

speaks favorably

he

boiled

'

eyes.

prolapsus ani, and other

the
preceding authorities

in

Like

fundament.

the

with

egg

recommends

He

egg

an

an

eggs

says

dysentery.

albumen

the

affections

He

intestines.

the

of

white

the

recommends

Avicenna

of the

affections

for

them

recommend

Dioscorides

and

taken
in a draught, is
digestion; the seed, he adds, when
beneficial in melancholy, dysuria,and
flatulence,and it is also
170.) Our author follows Galen
very closely.
sternutatory, (ii,
Aetius

of it
praiseshighly a decoction
and
particularlythose of children.

of it.

It

Celsus,

the

and

diuretic,

is

medicine,
them,

that

if there

says

(ii,29, 31.)

than
it
be

the

humours

both

in

it

Avicenna
the

them,

internal

Hippocrates
the

moves

treat

says

bowels,

that

eyes,

follows

usual

of the

Arabians

The

binds

of

the

to

as

approves

of it that

Greeks.

generally

Oribasius

basil,but

of

fomentation

works

the

latter of whom

fully

more

in

occm's

as

him

Dioscorides, and, therefore, like

use

administration

internal

the

condemns

also

but

it is useful

bowels,

of

it is

and

also

it still
cordial
moves

in hajmo-

also
of breathing, (ii,2, 101.) See
difficulty
(Cont. 1. ult.
Serapion (c. 107); Ebn Baithar (i,110); Rhascs
basil held
a
ii,121.) The
place in our English dispensatory
It holds a place in
down
of Quincy and Lewis.
to the times

ptysis and

the
is

modern

in

Greek

indigenous

Greece,

in

(p.27.)

Pharmacopoeia,
Persia,

and

where

it

is stated

only cultivated

in

that

gardens

it
in

APPENDIX

424

TO

[book

vii.

QKl/ilOHCig,
which

Ochnoides,
but
cative

'

seed

without

is

but

this

with

Lobelius

and
This

Mat.

is

Of

of

says

benefit

those

for

bites

the

in sciatica
character

we

can

Dioscorides
om-

of the

then

be

the

have

when

of all other

See

it

been

made

either

was

Parkinson

and

in wine

(iv,28.)

pepper,
terms

same

as

that

to

is useful
it is

Galen

given
its

states

author.

our

with

is calculated

and
reptiles,

of

Dioscorides

stung by scorpions, and

of

(Theatre

ocimoides.

drunk

kinds

the

nearly

is that

Saponaria

been

myi'rh

have

of the

disposedto acquiescein opinion

are

(i,93.)

Galen,

and

Dispensatory, and
modern

It is not

TO

Substances

the

does

It

not

has

been

long

in the

occur

unknown

Pharmacopoeia

Greeks,

APPENDIX

On

conjectureswhich

articles

by Aetius, by Hippocrates or Celsus, nor, as far as

discover, by any of the Arabians, with the exception
notice
of it is entu-ely made
Baithar, whose
up from

of Ebn

to

We

who

in

described

less,
use-

is desic-

speciesof lychnis,

disputed

most

probable

its seed

with

it to be

Saponaria.

or

it to

it, that

the

most

Lychnis
hold

held

of the

one

Med.

Plants, 630, 760.)

who

and

rejected by Dodonseus.
Sprengel agrees
Dalecampius in referringit to the Saponaria

respecting it, the

those

matter,

is

root

is

opinion

speciesof

composed

Matthiolus

ocimoides.
ancient

of subtile

Its

pungency.

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

the

Philetserium.

call

some

THE

introduced

THIRD

into

SECTION.

the

Materia

Medica

by

the

Arabians.

Having

thus

given

described
jNIateria

Medica,
we

list

by

the

can

by
we

are

procure

Arabians.

brief

the

Greek

now

called

we

research, which, ha\-ing been

attended

with

for, although
learned

labom's

difficulties of
Ave

have
of

and

regarding
This,

been

Professor

the

need

aU

the

Roman
to

upon

hitherto
a

of

account

Simple

writers

supply

additions

but

little

what

is

to

avail

Sprengel, Dr.

mation
inforto

their

field of

cultivated, is

particularlyformidable

enabled

the

on

made

scai'cely
say,

stances
Sub-

ourselves

Royle,

Dr.

nature

of

the

Ainshc,

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

and

of

these

upon
own
our

the

however

which,

essay,

have

to

not,
which

additional

been

of

stores

at

We

of

be

information

the

to

our

other

stage

trust, then, that

present

our

if

found,

valuable

in the

sorily
cur-

vxpon

any

peculiar indulgence

mine

touched

thrown

than

this work.

with

up

have

more

occasion

skilful labourer

more

who

imperfect, will

opened

some

have

we

present

receive

will

scholars

executing

in

progress
readers

our

matters^

on

resources

of

oriental

other

certain

425

mistake

we

from

knowledge
line will

same

yet

Of

profession

draw

course

it will

be

of all the
the

by

Arabians

of the

alone, if
a

of

his laborious

the

"

sealed

had

for

our

of

not

It
here

besides

itself would

the

be

of Ebn

stores

unfolded

with

by

been

have

assistance,and

our

the

languages

to

mention,

in

with

of the

East

us

so

far made

the

German

which
who

savant

and

of

is much

Haly Abbas,

fortunate

some

to

Blackie,

Baithar, there
and

should

we

friend. Professor

Avicenna, Serapion,Rhases,
to

right that

lator
trans-

is

the sciences

West.
be

may

described

them

it is but

his

by

imperfect acquaintance

But,

acquainted both
the

to

come

very

still remain

of

here

learned

our

Baithar

his

undetermined

translation

own

language.
in those

if

of

Mholly
And

the

book"

Aberdeen,
up

that

Ebn

predecessors; but, of
there
are
by him
unfortunately
not
doubtfully determined, and

of

left

For

properlyexplored,would furnish
added
individual
tions
exerby his own

were

very

Sontheimer.

acknowledge

limits.

treasures

but

are

were

narrow

matters

new

are

which
Dr.

work

first treated

which

few

our

accuraidated

articles

many
a

of

possessed of the requisite

would
languages,
e^ddently be

we

oriental

question within

the

to

the

count
pretend to give an acthe practiceof medicine

not

into

if

that, even

largevolume

do

we

articles introduced

knowledge
out

that

readilyseen,

are

set down

composed,

were

regard to

any

apply

them

to

proper

methodical
and

be

that

in the

because

order

same

could

we

not

with

the

as

which

the

would

are

notices

ourselves
satisfy

which

arrangement
in unison

articles

the

of

with

conveniently

general plan

of

tliis

work.
Ambra
A

recent

writer

description of

on

the

Ambergris

grisea.

Materia
"

The

(ambra grisea)is procured from

Medica
substance
the

Cachalot

gives the following

called
Ambergris
or

spcrmwhalc.

APPENDIX

426

In

this

it is

Beale

that

the

collected
dried

No

1392.)
and

Ebn
He

all

for

brain, and

this

with
is

See

be

would

Bomans

speciesof

above

cordial

good

commentary

holds

it to

medicine.

stomachic

and

period. It
have
already
He

Eledrum.

on

The

unacquainted

we

as

and

Among

33.)

v,

Arabian

Seth,

by Symeon

the

intoxicating,

been

have

after the

until

be

to

(Theor.

to

appear

Amber

in the

Abbas

Haly

also

heart

complaints.

it is said

it possesses,

accm"atelydescribed

stated

similar

it and

excellent

most

strengthening the

for

and

cramp

swallow

calls it the

He

these

of water, and

surface

the

on

Serapion
that

origin of ambergris.
which

monsters

sea

praisesit

and

cm'ing

(i, 210, 405.)

and

by

from

with

this substance.

of

nature

of the

account

It swims

which

powers

Greeks

the

to

ambergris

doubt

Med.

(Mat.

given

entertain

is of little value.

kind

have

we

can

as

similar

again.

aromatics,

other

Electnim,

gives a

it up

blackish
of

extracts

informed

of

this account

compares

it is furnished

says,

vomit

who

well

Baithar

found

squid {scepia

Pereira

feeds.^^

animal

the

from

is derived

which
the

under

were

animal.

the

all the

of it in the

Avicenna

authors

and

one

is said

what

indm'ated

fseces,and

semi-fluid

the

the

be

disease) of

by

continent

propertiesof ambergris. It is
grayish,striated substance, ha\ing a pleasant

which

on

of

some

the

on

to

appears

altered

had

odour,

moschata)

"

mass

solid^opaque,

musk-like

perfume only ;

It

somewhat

(perhaps

Mr.

as

in medicine.

employed

faeces

it is used

country

[booicvji.

TO

Bezoar.

be

may

of

in

Lewis

writes

the

parts

of

of

stone,

cavity at

but

now

prefixsome

to

Bezoar

is

proper

oriental
or

article

this

As

the

supposed

be

to

of the

inhabits
the
goat kind, which
Persia.''
217.)
(INIat.Med.
the

concretions

generally
seen

them

45.)

See

little
taken

fm-ther

form

which

piece
from

of

the

in

chaff
bodies

of

or

pylorus
animal

an

in

different

is,perhaps

authorities

describes

goats
as

of

Bontius

modern

He

orientalis,

in the

mountains

them

monkeys.

He

have

had

(Med.

who

being

as

gazelles,and

nucleus.

it

rities.
autho-

recent

stomach

But

country,

Bezoar

produced

fourth

of
accurate
say, the most
may
the oriental bezoars.
have described

this

it from

Lapis

"

we

ahane

of

account

it thus

bottom

in

little known

also

Ind.

c.

Gray (Suppl.to Pharraacop. 179, 136.) Now,

APPENDIX

428

that it is

Rhases^

(volatile
?);

that

the

in

peraraents
the

and

kidneys

Arabian

the

degree,and

it

induces

Another

of

tru'e

hoariness

Aben

Amram,

third

degree,

it is

says,

and

gives

that
eflTect,
its

of

Avicenna's

often

and

is useful

holds

that

in

it cold

in

it ; says
shelter

wood
in

its

of
its

'

it is
to

it in

multitude

apostemes.
cold

the

in the

parts with
and

bowels,

to

and

from

he

describes

large tree

very

; that

he had

white, brittle,light,

was

dry

exactly the

this
that

vestiges of camphor.

and

the

astringents.

Antiqua^

of animals

it

that

prema-

body

succinct

more

some

is cold

hot

the

(De Simplicibus,344.)

procured

it,and

semen.

(Mesue

other

Medicina

hairs.

the

pores

nature

recommends

of

large doses
of

the

with

along

of it is much

giving

of

in

dry

masticatory

Camphor is
applied to inflamed

astringent of

hoariness

in

body.

and

induces

bowels,

of

engenders

says.

the

an

coldness

Mesuai

members

cholera

from

is

camphor

the

much

of the

as
epistaxis

and

intem-

too

and

members

is useful

when
the

quotation

contained

and

He

is useful

of

hair, and

comforts

the

seen

when

semen^

calls

cold

hot

brings on

authorities,Aben

astringent

account

of

capable

it

that

it in

quoted by him,

speciesof

several

recommends

the

as

induces

use

be

remove

body;

Arabian

rose-water, and

He

whole

authority,Meseab,

his

?)

to

vii.

ointments.

to

Mesarugie, another authority,says,

indigestion and
stops the formation

elder

senses

the

insomnolency

Another

raisins.

and

bladder

camphor

coagulatesthe
principallyin the colder

coldness^ and

with

fumigations and

it is calculated

says

head

it induces

third

all

[book

quoted by liim^ pronounces

as

attenuate

used

ingredientin

common

TO

in

the

cases

same

He

second

degree.
Serapion does,

as

hot vertigo,and
namely, in inflammatory complaints,epistaxis,
He
acute
also, like Serapion's authorities,holds
ophthalmy.
that

it is

Rhases

anaphrodisiac

gives a

brief

of

impaired

his

any

digestionand
other

recommends

premature

the

of

whom

commends
merely rean
tance
acquain-

it that

camphor at one dose, which

ducing
inbrought on impotence without
the

third, like

it to be cold

the

authority of

of

it for fluxes, and

hoariness

of

(ii,2, 130.)

the

upon

first of

relates

next

complaint ;

authorities,represents
and

the

six drachms

his took

camphor

Bimasui;

fluxes;

fluxes,

represses
of

account

Misib, Mesarguil, and

it in

and

hair.

and

dry

further

Serapiou^s

in the third

savs

(Contin.

of

some

that

1. ult.

it

degree,
induces

i, 147.)

In

SIMPLEvS.

Til.]

SECT.

another
and

calls it

he

work

it the

gives

429

and

cold, humid,
characters

same

subtile

the

as

?),
(volatile

other

authorities.

Mesne
for troches
of
gives a formula
(Ad Marisor. iii,22.)
in ardent
fevers,heat of the
camphor, which he recommends
and
bile and of the blood, hot intemperaments of the stomach
hectic.
of the liver,for intense
thirst, jaundice,phthisis,and
Trochiscis.

(De

in the

account

it is

says

in hot

cold

Medica.

and

He

impotence.
and

to

only

one

stop

the

of

the

the

hundred

He

being
and

is

tree

useful

most

in

and

hght

fistulous.

in

coldness

the

of

coagulatesthe blood.
Alimentis.) Myrepsus
but

it

is
"

He
in

most

one

Serapion, in
it,and

the

he

the

states

test

it to

India

of

that

it is produced
wood

from

of
as

heat,
that

it

vessels,and

its

purity. (De

the
the

herb

substance

phor,
camwe

iii,46.)

Fistula.

localities from
and

the

(De Unguent,

not.

third

camphor

mentions
means

fullyof

liver ; says

place,gives a pretty

namely, India, Babylonia,

Mesuai

that

spermatic

he

probably

first

states

place

whether

that

headaches

of the

Seth

large,so

recommends

mentions

Cassia

of Aben

and

kidneys

doubtful

treatingof;

of

sea

He

tatory,
sternu-

treats

very

and

in

occasioned

dry in the
groAvingin

its shade

diseases,in

acute

be

an-

case

Symeon

by

those
inflammations, especially

induces

arc

the

near

to

as

that

tree

it is said

sheltered

be

mountains

the

of

tear

or

gum

dantly
abun-

most

and

tooth.

and

of

some

says, it is

and
collyria,

it is cold

is useful

relates

stomach,

authorities

says

accurately.

produced

carious

Greek

produces

could

men

on

the

which

tree

in

tree

Like

over-dose, he

in

the

on

degree, and

it is

of the

tone

very

very

headaches.

an

gives a

camphor

and
sleeplessness,

hole

camphor, [caphura.)
degree ; that it is the
that

In

it is used

says

of

able

barbarous

very

Baithar

second

says

of thunder.

aphrodisiac,and induces
which
it destroyed the

is the

he

the

phor
cam-

been

not

its characters

bilious

and

quoted above,

in times

it in
Ebn

in the

dry

have

we

of

account

describes

intemperaments

others

but

of the formation

produces it,and

which

frequently recommends

works,

of his Materia

circumstantial

the

his

distinct

any

translation

He

of

course

discover

to

Abbas

i.) Haly

Arabia.
be of

accurate

which

Upon
sweet

tion
descrip-

it is

procured,

the

authority

taste, and

laxative

APPENDIX

430

tlie

of

of

the

to

in

Rhases,

efficacious

in

from

account

Serapion.

nature, and
It

is

useful, he

in action

that

in

says,

especiallyof

the

decoction

nightshade.

of

and

arthritic

says

it cleanses

bile

and

hot

when

it is

blood.

liver,and

it is

well

is of

of

is of

throat,

safe

of

evacuant

Mesne,

Marsenuce
throat

others.

the

as

(Contin.
the

bile,and

brings

pain of

the

1. ult.

same

it is full and

accurate.

which

he

be

has,

says,

the

myrobalans, rhubarb,
and

in

dryness

Diuretics
He

says

also

of

said

it is useful

virtues,he
assuages

thirst,

stomach, brings

kidneys,when

the

with

away

breast
taken

givesthe

He
of

some

commends
re-

same,

the

liver,of
it is

says

bile,clears

Of

throat.
of

the

all

the

fullest account
His

injurious action

by

the

mixture

mastich,

and

spikenard;

almond

it to the
laxative

blood,

cassia

Serapion's.

as

by mixing

the

it cleanses

says

also purges

add

to

away

Any

of

determine

to

of

i, 187.)

removed

water

bowels

the

are

may

the

aff'ections

terms

descriptionof
it

gout

cleanser

the liver and

same

younger

nearly the

it is in

in

it in

authorities.Mesne

it, but

pain

of

says

quoted by

as

women,

is efficacious

and

and

quoted by Rhases,

as

pregnant

(?)recommends

ancient
of

Priscianus,

jaundice,

away

for

dyspnoea.

quoted by Rhases,

of

son

purgative to

with

alterative,an

"c.

and

bowels,

liniment

it,like Serapion, in jaundice,pain

the

laxative.

prepared

jaundice

of

tening
mois-

and

tlie

it in

in

use

(De

gentle laxative,bringing away heated

the bowels
safelywithout
griping,
opens

and

The

gargle of

speaks

Badagorius, as

fistula,that

of

and

it is

says

it is resolvent

in

ative.
lax-

throat.

it,he

cold, but

praisesit

and

little different

apostemes
a

He

He

says it is

phlegm,

(ii,2, 192.)
of the

the

He

the liver.

throat

pains.

and

heat

to

as

In

laxative

the

it is but

described

Having

equal temperament

an

of

the

purifiesthe

it is

especiallythose
of

it

says

in

liver.

cholagogue

quoted by him,
quoted by him, says

as

of the

pains
it is

boils

and

apostemes

says

vii.

extinguish the sharpness

as

Avicenna's

of

that

he

[book
to

and

jaundice

apostemes,

Sirapl.xii.)

virtues

relieves

drachms

ten

Abengnefit,
nerves.

it

that

is useful

of three

it has

says

blood,

and

mouth,
dose

and

bowelsj

TO

oil with

urinary
to

it.

of

it.

passages.

As

to

its

allaysall sharpness in it,

juice of endive, "c., clears the

yellow bile and phlegm, and that safely,
the

and
with

throat, and
diuretics

and

is useful

in heat

the infusion

of

of

the

liquorice,

that

it

and

of

that

as

Mesue,

well-known

it is

not

it is

as

Egypt

softens

Cassia, and

other

the

Antidot.

and

it

as

Of

recognised as being the

pipe tree,

purging

or

sometimes

cassia.
as

Pereira

(Pharmacol, i, 271)

Phannacop.

Boyle (M.

150)

in

it purges

gentle purgative

both

"c.
Black
alone

It

2.)

v,

it is

nerves,

name

Med.

large

sound,

says

the

calls
doses

the

occurs

of

See
Myrepsus.
have
been
treating

we

fistulaL., the pvidding-

Cassia
The

in medicine

used

but

He

same

He

of

article

the

course

it.

is not

root

antidotes

the

nearly the

women,

the

by

(Meth.

ingredients in

elaborate

in moderate

; says

cleanses

it

medicines.

(i,xi.)

of will be

breast,

in ardent

very

about

bowels.

the

describes

recommends

with

among

the

Actuarius

(i,401.)

of

disturbance

is useful

givesa

much

say

in

growing

tree

produce

bile,

and

article,but

to
purgative,even
pregnant
occasions
hypercatharsis. If the

to

hot

need

we

also

Baithar

safe

doses

apt

Ebn

of this

account

correct

431

of stones, and

formation

the

prevents

(De Simpl. vi.)

fevers.

it

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

of

pulp

the

pods

is

still

gentle purgative. See Paris

(M. M. 1172) ; Gray (Suppl. to
a

M.

355.)

Senna.
If the
be

the

of

Serapion (De Simplicibus)which we possess,

production of the elder Serapion (and after being long
work

famiharly acquainted with

is

undoubtedly

article

of the

describes

the

who

Medica.

accuratelythe

inclined

are

we

first author

Materia

very

it

has

First

to

think

described

senna

his

on

aches

disturbances

and

chronic

pods, stalks, and

purging
mixed

the

for

nerves,

under

fumitory

authority,declares

black

with

and

yellow bile,and

suitable
this

purge

medicines

head
adust

is

such

Rhases,

humours,

it

to

of

he

have

violets.

who

says

prove

fetid

breath,

and

watery

stomach

the

epilepsy.
power

cordial

His
that
useful

the
pruritus. (De Simpl. 58.) Under
Avicenna
he
brieflynotices an article which
being abstergent and desiccant in pruritus and

neck,

of

recommends

great

acting as

as

and

an

melancholy, for
alopecia,phthiriasis,

and

of the

seeds

headache, scabies,pustuloeparvce, pruritus,and

another

Abix,

of

as

authority he

own

plant. On the authority of Isaac Ebn Amram

it for removing the inquietude accompanying

so),he

head

of

Avhen

last authority
senna

and

in

scabies

of sahane

recommends

as

scabies,in pain

(watcrbrash?)
.

APPENDIX

432

This

account

inclined

are

we

[book

think

to

gives almost

Rhases

2, 651.)
(ii,

TO

refer

must

the

exactly

to

senna,

description

same

In
his work
(Contin. 1. ult. i, 596.)
of Sene
Mansor.^
(viii,54), he gives the account
quoted
and
from
'Divis.'
(i,144.)
Haly
again at
Serapion,
of

the

and

yellow
and

in

Mesne
the

describes
The

to

best

be

the

part

next

the

leaves

the

stomach

by

its

He

also

said

are

tendency

recommends

it

to

with

fresh

say, the

with

black

bath

in the

head

the

as

bile,and

chronic

as

dye,

and

called

plant now

melanogogue,

and

purges

them

epilepsy,and

says

The

former
of sene,

says
in

to

four

from

it purges

8.)

antidotes

of

are

other

Sene

moderately
occurs

Myrepsus,

an

as
as

c.

it

readily

and

dispels

when
of

applied
sight and

Ebn

calls

Baithar

those
it

it is
of

the

cholagogue

inferior

two

black

in Arabia

with

in

drachms,

seven

says

diseases.

is from

of it

arisingfrom

also

it is better

latter

says

senses

mixed

He

and

senses,

decoction

leaves

He

the

parations
pre-

brain, heart, hver,

fevers

He

penetrates

says

to

the

it.

of gout.

of the

dose

the

inermis.

many

He

that

it

and

Simpl. xv.)

(De

its leaves

cases

great

v,

(^leth. Med.
the

fevers.

that

quotes Paulus.

of the

remedy

Laivsonia

and

powder.

these

deobstruent

improving

interestingdescriptionof

gives an
used

as

proving

hearing, and
to

the

lungs, proves
speaks favorably of

also

last of

virtues,he

and

senses,

He

its

to

bile,cleanses

adust

and

spleen,the
sorrow.

spikenard. As

and

prunes

purges

of

folliculus

parts
has

senna

The
juice of the grape.
he
praisesas cleansing the brain
also speaks favorably of
He
creating joy.

is to

he

is the

these

operation,he

"c.

ginger,sal gem, Indian salt (sugar?),and cordials.

mistake, as is generally sup(through some
quotes Galen
posed)
in
of
fowls.
it
boiled
the
He
as
recommending
soup
speaks of giving it in whey, or in milk, or in must, that

be mixed

to

almonds,

plant resembling

says,

As

both

rheumatism,

of

both

and

colour.

green

of

plant,he

Abbas

pui'ges

and

gout

folliculus

best

of

in

which

raisins,oil

with

of the

when

weaken

useful

above

Purgatives. (Pract.

on

medicine

is

as

senna

chapter

as

mixed

when

colics

(legume ?),and
to

bile,and

black

tare.

it

recommends

He

ii,54.)

his

accuratelyin

it

Ad

'

sahane.

describes

vii.

extremities,

praisesit in scabies,
By

mistake

some

decoction
to

three

(i,57.)

in doses

of

472.

in

drachms,
Actuarius
drachm,

one

ingredient
112, 465,

than

in

several
Under

this bead
to

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

to
beg,before concluding,

would

we

Ind.

Ainslie's Mat.

as

refer tlie reader

It will be there

(i,205).

is stillused

senna
^Ethiopia

433

that in

seen

dye.

Berberis.

and
as

others

on

Oribasius,
Mesne,
Badigorius,

from

gives extracts

Rhases

and
styptic,
being lithontriptic,

no

seems

Pioscorides

from

givesextracts
with

Galen
that

suppose
He
this article.

and
incisive,

coolingand

and

to

reason

represents

alexipharmic.He

says

it

1. ult. i,121.) Serapion

(Contin.

is called calmuris in Greek.

there

he

which
substance,

the A-irtuesof this

under

they

this

recommends

head,but

at

were

it

all

being

as

strengthenerof the stomach

quainted
ac-

and

it in all fluxes. (De Simpl.229.) Ebn

praises
and says it
Baithar calls it astringent,
stomachic,and hepatic,,
thirst.
He
recommends
it in
and
bowels
binds the
quenches

liver.

He

also

and in diseases
liver,
See also Aviceuua
and uterus.
of the stomach
{\\,9.) The
recommended
is
kinson,
by Gerard, Parvulgaris)
berberiy{Berberis
and

all

old

our

herbalists
and

in diseases of the stomach

day

of the

with weakness

diarrhoea connected

as

medicine
astringent

an

liver.

Even

at the

present

See Gray (Suppl.

it is admitted to possess these virtues.
102) and Lindley (Veg. Kingd. 438.) The

to"^Pharmacop.

acknowledgeit as the Oxyacantha of

Dr. Eoylesupposes the
the Greeks, but we think incorrectly.
to
Lycium IncUcum of Dioscorides to be the berberry.It seems
but
the
the
that
us
more
however,
berberrywas
probable,
pensatory,
of the lycium. See Schroder
succedaneum
(ChemicalDis-

former

of these

seems

to

475.)
Galanga.

(Antid.iii.)Serapionhanng
of Isaac ebn Amram
the avithority
described it,upon
says
of it,that it is hot and diy in the third degree,is useful
to phlegmatic
(waterpersons, and in humidityof the stomach
and
the
solution
which
its
heat
brash ?); promotes digestion
by
calls it stomachic.

Rhases

it occasions

in the

stomach,

fragrance to the breath, and

semen

in

and

the

warms

commotion, and when

HI.

same

cases

are

to
assigned

relieves
kidnevs

colic,gives
it sets

pieceof it is held in the

it occasions erections of the membrum

in the

thus

virile.
it

by

Aben

The

same

mouth,
virtues

Mesuai, and

28

the

also

APPENDIX

434

Aben

wlio

Mesabah,

same

is to

that

of subtile

is useful

it to be

and

parts

in colic and

314

(ii,2,
of

In

holds

the

which

and

stomach

acidityof
of the

food

body

(i,63

galangal, "c.
virtues

it

to

digestion,

to

be

beneficial

in

indigestion;

it contains

the

"

(1.ult. i,323.)
is

there

aphrodisiacal.

given by

Rliases

Myrepsus

"

an

antidotus

in affections
for

also

of the

singultus,
ness
cold-

cloves,ginger, cinnamon,
Baithar

Ebn

thus

Serapion ;

as

of

also, 222.)

is

the

stomach, cachexia, dropsy, and

in the

whole

'

gree,
de-

second

it renders

of it is

account

of

is said

saj^s that

kidneys,and

Continens

'

in the

stomach, promotes

same

spleen, and

the

the

dry

livers
it, de-

Serapion,

as

powers

and

hot

of the

pharmaceutical work

Galanga,"

same

The

in the

Mesne,"

for

pains

2, 6.)

; v,

its medicinal

carminative,

fragrant, is good

breath

Son

of

vii.

tations.
eruc-

described

A^'icennaJ having

account

say, he

colic and

it in flatulent

recommends

(De Simpl. 332.)

the

[book

TO

he

ascribes

it is

says

the

wonderful

colic,is carminative, and

aphrodisiac,promotes digestion,cures
is not
little used, galangal root
forth.
so
Although now
yet

wholly
Pereira

unknown
of

says

of the

Lewis

also

its

and

lesser

but
On

Med.

them,

considered

the

Galangal

the

to

and

warm

in

order

in

the

to

Ainslie

and

understand

place

first

given by
the

former

of

of
officinalis)
with

Professor

to

Zeduaria

Rox.

The

English

It has

It
a

is

galanga.

of the

roots

Indian

the

greater
doctors,

in infusion."

will

Zeduary

Dr.

(Ibid.)

root

{Radix
to

appears

the

tuber

aromatic,

round

bitter

of

stances
sub-

says

of

Zeduaria
to

me

of

sliced

necessary
these

Pereira

description
Avarra,

be

descriptions of

druggists

Guibourt's

Lindley (Veg.
galangal, which

(jSIat.Ind., i, 140.)

authorities.

the

and

subject it

the

see

"

(Zeduaria rotunda).

by

is

It

Zerumbeth.

this

modern

these

used

coughs, given

further

is agreeably

698.) See
i, 447) ; Quincy

racemosa

pungent

only

not

useful
see

alpinia

of

Dr.

Med.

(Mat.

species

two

Zeduaria
In

Roxb."

(Mat. Med.
Pharmacop.
26)

are

galangals are

are

odour

aromatic.

; Hill

the

to

the

'^

Medica.

Materia

and

peppery

452)

There
refers

the

on

galangce officinalis
; its

taste

(Suppl.

Kingd. 166.)
Dr.
Lindley
says of

writers

Aljnnia Galanga

(Mat.

(72) ; Gray

He

radix

"

aromatic,
rhizome

the

to

agree

Zeduary
Curcuma

taste, and

an

APPENDIX

436

feet in

soles of the

He

will be

for the

taken

68)

macop.
used

as

310)

in

the

been

have

also Manardus

See

same.

The

it

to

one

often

was

Phar-

(Royal

Zeduary

often

was

(Pemberton, Dispensatory,
and

Mithridate,

the

length,

account

one

Charras

INIoses

costus

of

composition

substances

two

for the

the

that

Gray (Pharmacop. 26.)

potence.
im-

nearly allied

were

in

remove

above

the

doubt

no

further

See

other.

succedaneimi

is

in fact there

and

another,

to

vii.

useful

prove

considerable

at

From

substances

two

to

part affected,and

the

nigra, (ii,95.)

that these

seen

head,

and
separately,

also treats

Zeduaria

of the

into

[book

the

complaints of

rubbed

leprosy when

TO

these

hence

for

sometimes

erroneously taken

ad

(De Trochiscis, 154)

Mesne

the
and

Quincy (English Dispensatory, 483.)

Amomum
There
Ebn

Baithar

plant

be

to

seems

which

says

astringent,and

hence

He

they

saj'S

headaches
as

in

being

not

but

of the

sometimes

are

ancient

697)

attenuant

He

promote

digestion.

faintings,and
the

than

larger.

Guinea

by

kind

smaller

describes
the

cure

We

are

grains, as
other

any

they

of

the

that they are

scarcely remark
cine.
occasionallyused in the practiceof medi-

We

and

need

Gray (Suppl. to

have

Pharm.

and

Romans

it is true, in
written

on

such

Avicenna

in the

shown

and

Greeks

He

and

described

called, being

spicy

describes

27)

Pereira

(Mat.

Med.

Lindley (Veg. Kingd. 167.)

We

cortex

He

it

hot, fragrant, and

arc

epilepsy and

in

more

Macis

many

they

grains of paradise,or

known,

See

that

calls

He

which

article

is the

India.

and

stomachic

prove

authorities.

well

now

them

sternutatory.

weaker

aware

of

this

(i,272).

of Yemen

useful

are

Paradisi.
that

describe

out

comes

and

kinds,

two

doubt

no

to

means

Grana

but

instances

it
says

this

the

(meaning, of
and

The

mace.

not

what
prove

reference

the

the

Macer

Arabian
the
their

that

involucre)of

an

the

authorities,
Greeks

had

identity,for

nux

mace

astringent

in

is the

moschata.

good stomachic, hepatic,and

it proves

of

in their works.

occur

authority of Mesne,

course,
as

quote

does

of confused

says, upon

medicine,

place that

proper
not

was

moschata.

describing Mace

Macer,

recommends

Nux

fluxes

uterine
of

the

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

437

dysentery (ii,2, 448.) The nutmeg, or nucleus

he says, is of the size of a gall,brittle,
of the myristicaofficinalis,
He
mends
recomhaving a fine rind (involucre)and a sharp smell.
it as
a
styptic in complaints of the liver, spleen, and
and

bowels

in

and

stomach,

He

(ii,2, 495.)

cloves, and

it resembles

(1. ult.

as

aud

be

the
of

Baithar's

Avicenna.

that

held

It will be
as

and

which

are

of

given

of

of Aetius

in

the

the

of the

date,

Latin

the

examined
the

fact.

authorities,
Miseaben,

Mesuai,
and

other

to

plaints
comlargements
en-

Ebn

Simpl. 161.)

(De

Ainslie

(Mat.
still

Hindoos

For

not

It

may

be

aU

found

which
where
else-

suspicions,

strengthened by the
contained
in that chapter

much

formulae

well

at

Aetius,

Our

authorities.

been

of these

appears

were

be

to

are

wanting

in the two

Library at Oxford.
of
through the kindness

part

It

of

one

Bodleian

this

articles

always suspected

have

we

and

202, 249.)

these

use

Romans

aud

chapter but

Greek

Ind.

medicines.

Greeks

translation

the nutmeg

On

aromatics

have

of the

many

positivelyascertained
who

last

of Indian

old

in the

is Sera-

articles

identical.

to

nutmeg.

works

discovery that
as

the

number

in the

writer,

are

stomachic

and

whether

us

genuineness

contains

the

that

seen

with

acquainted

refer

to

cardiac, hepatic,
to

to be

Mace

beg

there

doubtful

the

He

would

we

mace

principallyfrom Rhases
evidentlydisapprovesof the opinion of those
this head

under

Macer

liver.

and

spleen

extracts

and

mace

the

and

breath, indigestion,and

fetid

in

stomach,

heart,

ancient

in flatulence

astringent,useful

aud

of the

representing them

in

all agree

They

Rhases.

aromatic
of

ebn

Isaac

electuary of

Arabian

quotes only from

Aben
Amram,

this head

pion, who under

namely, Aaron,
Albasari,

The

of these

fullest account

givesthe

who

however,

his

nutmeg

ingredients.(De Electariis,i.)

of its

two

iii, 30,)

astringentin

an

for affections

liver,mentions

of the

coldness

and

liver.

and

Mansor.
as

that

moschata,

stomach

it

this head.

under

INIesue,in

liver.

recommends

he

lignum aloes,which
stomach,

and

stomach

of the

coldness

it is

says

stops vomiting,

nux

(Ad

recommends

dry, and

and

calls it hot

he

it

the

the

work

other

his

In

507.)

for

good

is

he

authorities

Greek

no

'Continens,'
says brieflyof

in his

Rhases,

quotes

oils

In

pessaries,and

also in

and

pain,

of

sedative

urine.

of
difficulty

in

MSS.
to

at

take

our

This
Dr.

have

Greenhill,

request

this

we

MSS.

to

tain
ascer-

opportunity

of

APPENDIX

TO

originalof

tlie last

438

statingtliat
we

have

Indicse

the

In

1845.

it must

above,

not

was

Kapva
be obvious

now

conclusion
mace.

the

vaGKa"pQovof

(See

the

Commentary

of the

Cocos

minutely
noticed

by

Rhases

treats

in

us

of

food,

of it very
of

fullyas

it that

oil of it is useful

both

of the

and

he further

quotes Bemasuy

(Cont.

i, 506.)

1. ult.

account

same

He

juicesweet

are

to

away

the

as

he

but

tapeworm,
knew

his account

of

to

be

it is the

laxative,and

another

Haly
nerves

in

Mesne

notices

useful

in

the

nervous

voice, fattens,and

oleum

there

pains,purges
engenders

complaints

inner

of the

Rhases

as

its oil

brings
(ii,2, 498.)

that

the

palm-tree,

that

cocoa-nut,
otherwise

but

two

authorities
says

that

it

astringent.(De Simpl. 228.)

nuce

the
semen.

the

being wholly indigestible.

the Nux

ex

much

The

authorities,one

it is

that

word,

is not

it is old.

descriptionof

and
hemicrania, paralysis,
"

for

word

lumbrici.

as

medicine.

dry

and

that

recommends

Abbas

and

ascarides

same

as

of this character

say

his Arabian

Of

hot

same

of

also

I.

hemorrhoids

in

not

fruit

of Book

tapeworm,

does

fuller

the

akeady quoted.
is

he

somewhat

Serapion givesa
which

exactly the

vermifuge

and

when

that

as
off",

taken

it in

recommends

; and

understand

been

tensely
cocoa-nut, he says, is in-

flesh of the

its

be

it

externallyin pains

gives,almost

and

says, is to

does, only

Avicenna
The

juice in it,we
he

it to be

have

to

sect,

the

in confirmation

of it.

white,
bark,

held

describe

and
article,

away

back, loins, knees,

his authorities

81st

works

in the

ought

internallyand

flatulence

All

it

dietetical

Itineraryof

the

Arabians

the

on

it purges

and

of it.

that

so

Commentary

our

medicine, saying
the

in

The

medicine.

on

article

an

mention

first mention

the

i, 268)

of it is made

writers

as

H.

H.

Wahab.

Greek

of the

sitive
poMed.

Mat.

article.)

this

occurs

No

stated

at the

Greek

or
cocoa-nut,
niicifera,

and

Abuzeid

nuces

Indica.

Sprengel (R.

to

the
on

Oxford

have

we

arrived

have

that

cursory

(109), the

what

From
we

brief visit to
Gr.'

vii.

of Aetius

from

than

very

Canon.

that

Nux

According

Iv^iko..

called

are

named

MS.

'

eight books

further

personal acquaintance
of these MSS.
during

no

examination
in

tlie

with

[book

Indica

as

comforter

of the

epilepsy.(Pract.ii,38,248.)
Indica,^^which,

lungs

and

he

says, is

chest, clears the

(De Oleis,i.) Ebn

Baithar

and

the

Avill find

his

it in

of

'

in his late admirable

the

publicationon

'

plaints
com-

The
of

account

Ainslie
Dr.

; and

Indica/ i, 451

Materia

toxicating
in-

worms.

what

with

times

above

the

authorities

ancient

work,

intestinal

compare

cine
medi-

in certain

it is useful

other

and

interestingto

it
the

from

cocoa

taenia

urine, in

of the

as

is at

its milk

says

that

and
aphrodisiaCj

and

reader

He

food.

of

article

an

both

cocoa-palm

of tlie

interestingaccount

gives an

439

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

says

Lindley

Vegetable Kingdom/

(136.)
Bdellium.

113), and
speciesof

oriental

other

called

Palm

(Mat. Ind. i, 452)

Ainslie

Royle (Antiq. of

The

Lindley (Veg. Kingd. 13G.)

to other

substances,

under

the

indebted

to

gener,
con-

i, 272)

90)

Med.

Hindoo

however,

term,

stated

have

we

as

H.

H.

Sprengel (R.

See

Thebaica.

Hijphcene

another

flubelliformis
; or

Borassus

that

either

included

have

writers,

(ii,
2,

Avicenna

this head

under

that

supposed

been

It has

applied

was

head.

proper

Tamarindi.
is

There
for
in

are

we

of this

implies
His

willow.
Csesaria

Its leaves

it.

with

held

he

that

medicine.

from

Arabian

first

ruddy colour, and

to

in

those

of the

from

in

grows

is of
In

India.

degree, and has

of repressingits

third

the

quainted
unac-

fruit,which

its

says

been

it

says

pulp, is brought

be cold

authorities,

resemble

to

Mesuai,

much

has

it is said

temperament

said

are

Serapion,

have

to

authority, Abohanifa,

his next, Aben

; and

Greeks

the

Arabians

the

important

describing this article,quotes only

which

that

knowledge

first

our

doubt

no

purging yellow bile gently, and

and removing pruritus. His
; of stopping vomiting,
pungency
other
authorities,Abugerig, Mesebab, and Mesarugie, give a

the

of

power

similar

account

nearly

the

bile,

opens

the
the

of prunes.

llhases

says

bowels,

the

cold

nature,

loosen

(Ad

Mausor.

iii,49.)

in the

second

thirst

ult.

i,699.)

in another

bowels,

repress

Avicenna

degree,says they arc

extinguishesyellow

On

and

vomiting,

and

is said

Its action

(Contin. 1.

it

says,

removes

stomach.

of Tamarinds

he

thus,

of it in

writes

Rhases

(De Simpl. 348.)

terms

same

strengthens
that

of it.

to

his

be

similar

authority

own

place,that they
intense

cold

laxative,and

more

of

are

bile and

calls Tamarinds

to

blood.
and

dry

attenuant

440

TO

APPENDIX

than

and

prunes^

vomiting,

and

thirst

is relaxed.
and

contain

They

other

in

He

dates,

in which

gives a
As

copy.
the

to

second

cold affections
mace,

further

in order

minute
and

beneficial

infusion

their

and

not

in

dry

effects in

bad

to be

compound.
in inflammation

stops vomiting,

and

of

it,and

of the
connected

all heat

thirst,removes

is

heat

Ebn

(De Simpl.)

ounces.

is full and

accurate, but

useful

it,is

in addition

the information

to

who

authorities

him.

which

nature. Tamarinds,
of

fi'om

two

have

(See

five

importance

extracted

Vol.

to

Tamarinds

of

anything

we

jaundice,

fevers

descriptionof

which

preceded

in

in acute

contain

not

is

with

Baithar's

does

blood,

stomach, quenches

repressed. Being of a weak

require to be given to the amount

says,

of the

liver and

medicine

good

the

be

require to

in the

of

ebullition

the

them

need

we

cold

are

India.

fumitory or of hops. He gives

for preparing Tamarind
whey, both
he says, it brings away
As to its vii'tues,

directions

bile,represses

other

which

being

He

stomach,

directs

in

bowels

spikenard, mastich, fennel, parsley, endive, "c.

directs their action to be increased
by givingthem

very

he

as

growing

correct

to

the

open

Tamarinds

they

says,

syncoptic fevers,

to

palms

it

with

of goats, the

he

he

when

mixed

whey

simple

and

of the

wild

vii.

excessive

stomach

in

descriptionof them,

temperament

degree ;

the

brace

describes

fruit of

minute

very

they stop

it is necessary

Mesne

the

or

and

beneficial,he adds,

2, 691.)
gently, (ii,
acidulous

tliat

juice :

fevers,

are

disorders

less

[book

from

the

I, 212.)

Myrobalani.
We

before

authorities
with
As

stated

have

the

in the

on

held
of

Med.

place

in

and

have

not

either
as

Mesne,

Quincy,
They

Indies,

well

are

in
far

Europe,
as

we

of

Balanus,

period were
bear

now

again, in the

the

of

name

Myrobalans.

from

modern

ties.
authori-

by Geoffroy, Alston,

and

other

the
are

British
described

latelybeen
or

have

by

our

been

writers

on

the

Dispensatory
by Boerhaave

used

in the

we

instance, to give,

described
many

Greek

in this countrv,

present

of them

account

the

that

entirelyunacquainted

scarcely known

now

brief

first place,a

They

time

are

find it convenient

shall

They

the Arabian

substances

head

the

fruits which

stone

these

under

as

tlie Commentators

]\Iat. Med.
late

as

the

in his Mat.

practiceof

cine
medi-

English physiciansin the East

able to learn.
Five speciesare

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

described

all writers

by

ancient

both

tbem,

on

and

modern,

and

Chebulic, Emblic,

Citrine, Belleric,

the

namelv,

441

Indian.

see
Sprengel (R. H. 11.
particulardescriptionof them
Ind.
Eoyle Antiq. of
i, 236), and
(]SIat.
i, 262) ; Ainshe
Hindoo
According to the last of these authors, the
Med.)

For

Black

Combretacese

called

now

of the

Chebula

belonging

the T. Belerica, all

to

while

Phyllanthus Emblica,

natural

tribe

the

fifth

Emblic

called

now

Citrine

The

Myrobalans.

in hemorrhoids

useful

recommends

Indian,

them

medicines
is the

to

spleen. They all

myrobalans are possessed
the

hend
appre-

on

stomachic.

The

generallyholding that
stomachic, and that they are
in

Sarac, the

the heart.
stomachic

purgative

in

agreed

be

to

seem

of

fruit

Badigorias

to

medicines
diseases

diseases,hemorrhoids, headache, dropsy,and

in mental
of

of

authorities

Black

purgative and

as

Beleric,of

able

Indian

of
palpitation

and

be

now

and

and

cholagogue

are

or

See
officinalis.

Yellow, according

or

are

authors.

(Pythagoras?), is cholagogue, and the

other authorities quoted by him
agree
myrobalans

or

Emblica

shall

Arabian

seAcral

quotes

Chebulic,

fourth

the

the

the

Lindley (Yeg. Kingd. 280.) We

the descriptionsof the ancient
Rhases

and

Citrine,

or

Tei'ininalia

the

product of

the

Yellow

the

Indian,

or

holding

that

compounded

power

astringency.(Contin. 1. ult. i, 473.) In his other works

choly
recommends
myrobalans for purging yellow bile,and melanblack
bile,and also as astringents.(Divis.i, 144, and
or

with
he

Ad

Mansor.
the

to pui'ge,

dose

proper

drachms.

twenty

the

Kebulic,

and

Emblic,

or

minutely

their

virtues

medicines,

as

in

useful

the

bilious

they

they

are

of the

the

distinctions

eves,

think

among
it

all
;

cold

are

in

in the

leprosy.
He

sorrow.

necessary

last,we

states

in those

and

them

black

of

ten

to

balans,
myro-

Indian,

the

suppose,

the

describes

their

first

general

degree

and

extinguishyellow bile, and

black
that
the
brightens

useful

and
jtalpitation

minute

not

that

all kinds

with

do

that

the

officinalis. He

Emblica

complaints

panied

we

myrobalans is from
four species of
describes

specificdifferences,and

in diseases

them

the

in order

says, that

he

citrine

Citrine, nnripe,

of

second

colour, and

of

Chinese, meaning by

fruit

in the

latter work

the

Avicenna

namely,

dry

In

viii,54.)

as

to

to

He

of the
also

medicinal
enter

upon,

are

the

recommends
chest

accom-

states

several

powers,

which

(ii,2, 449.)

TO

APPENDIX

442

Serapion

writes

describes

four

quoted by

him

generally agi'eed,that

are

cordial, and

Indian,
hot

bitterness,purge
useful

melancholy,

astringent,and

and

the

strengthen

the

at

and

senses

of

maintains

quoted by him,

as

in

the

and

nausea

but

preparation of them,
of

myrobalans

dropsy,and

the

Kebulic,

black

colour

time

He

trees.

with

the

like ; but

remarks

ranks

them

for, he adds,
strengthen

only bad

the

interestingto

cii'cumstantial

prevent

from

us

Blessed

effect,he

operation,he adds,

them

with

cold

in the

from

of

the
them

administering

plums, jujubes,
not

are

much

now

learn his

gives a

mja'obalans,which
full

giving at

INIedicines

length.

He

{medicinis benedictis);
do

the

not

weaken

whole

body.

but
The

they ever produce, is obstruction.

wonderfully increased by combining
says, of all the kinds, that they are

scammony.

degree

is
He

and

dry

correctingany bad eflFects

increasingtheir operation,are
an

gathered

says, which

Their

for

account

stomach, heart,liver,and

first

according to

also

be

the

India, whereas

black

Sebesteu

loosening the bowels, they

in

For

INIesue

the

with

kind.

subject. (De Simpl. 107.)

limits

necessary

Some

to

and

elaborate

for

for the

upon.

from

are

induce

they

readers

not

this

on

black

substances

of these

most

leprosy,

most

it would

known,

very

as

they

prunes,

as

the

sellingKebulic

of

others

directions

minute

substances, such

true

and

which

at

that

enter

brought

are

says,

growth

gives very

other

and

our

their

of

for the

in

directions

mistake

the

yellow

are

some

shall not

we

fall into

myrobalans, he

black

of the

these

stomach;
Sarac,

useful

gives minute

says,

apothecaries,he
true

Honaiu

vomiting.

"c.

possess

eccoprotic,that they
are

nerves,

colic,old hemorrhoids, vertigo,and

the

myrobalans, that they are

time

same

whet

the

authorities

myrobalans

bile and

prove

The

vii.

wliicli he

Indian,

or

(Emblic?).

citrine

Chinese

tbe

astringency with
are

Black

species, tlie Citrine, tbe

and

Kebulic,

of

myrobalanSj

elaboratelyon

very

[book

in the second.

from
most

the

use

His
of

directions

them,

and

for

circumstantial,and bespeak

acquaintance with the subject. He eulogisesthem

prove
strongest terms, declaring that they restore youth, imthe complexion, the breath, and the perspiration,
impart

intimate

in the

hilarity,strengthen the stomach, heart, and liver,

useful
the
useful
in palpitations,cleanse
stomach, are
are
in hemorrhoids,
extinguish heat in cholera, and this more
in a
He
also speaks favorablyof them
especiallythe citrine.

joy

and

APPENDIX

444

or

the

this

to

term

preceding
further
was

commentary

considering

is often

H.

Sprengel (R.

further

See

H.)

Pereira

term

falls
the

from

heaven

Ainslie

he

Its virtues
to

the

and

and

thirst.

dose

The

We
mention

authorities

on

thorns.

Avicenna's

of

Serapion

that

of

it.

Mesne,

and

manna

it

as

another
and

of his works

coryza,

he

ingredients of
his

chapter

on

being

useful

being

in

(Ad

aerium

which

worth

drachms.
all the

and

abundantly
like

so

to

that

abstract

any

scription
de-

same

and

intermittent

these

fevers.

expectorant decoction,

(ix,51)

aerium

quara

he

prescribes

fistula,and

givesan

consulting,although

"

ties
authori-

expectorant,

ix, 14), treatingof

origin, characters, temperament,

is well

chest,

quenching

the

All

i, 711.)

and

Mansor.

appellant.^^Mesue

for

give

gentle purgative

acute

cassia

the

complaints,

most

subject is

honey.
Amram,

twenty

gives nearly

ult.

is "marina,

angina

by

of prunes.

Serapion

to

it

authority of Abinerog, Mesaurice,

prescribes an

containing tamarinds,
mel

also

(Contin. 1.
as

and

is found

it

temperament,

same

to

superfluous

the

upon

Chuz.

represent
and

Hhases

ten

of this

be

the

that

it falls from

jujubes, or

that

manna

account

it would

(ii,2, 694.)
of

that

say

ebn

hot

fevers

from

mention

may

of

it in

be

to

ties,
proper-

moistening

of

water

of ardent

is said

(De Simpl. 10.)

other

in

inflammation

in the

also

and

persons

recommend

authorities

other

with

appear

granulated
Isaac

(Veg.

describes

says

authority of

bowels,

dissolved

especially when
His

it suits

that

roris, and
resembles

the

the

opening

adds

he

trees, and

who

to

seem

Serapion

mel

or

i, 209)

Lindley

are

of the

its medicinal

and

trees.

we

Ind.

Arabians,

with

honey-dew,

states, upon

in

consist

928)

have

probably

works

(Mat.

M.

(M.

the

upon

certain

upon

the

Tereniaben

of

name

above

it with

the
the

lioney-

We

then

Kingd. 547, 617, 737, 341, 342.) Even

been perfectlywell acquainted
to have
confound

work.

reading

in the

the

to

it

in

puzzle

also

vii.

applied

stated

El/Bomeli, that

Altogether

manna.

authorities.

ancient

oi

and

of this

179

head

the

have

we

as

section,

I, pp. 178,

under

species of

thus,

this

[book

ancients, however,

The

the

on

Vol.

in

mentioned

some

now

insect.

au

A'arietyof

described

deiv

of

puncture

TO

In

hoarseness
one

of the

appellant.^^
a

laxative

manna

and

virtues

it

contains

medicine

quam

elaborate

In

account

of manna,

nothing

veteres

of the
which
of any

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

of the

manna

and

Like

ash.

the

confound

to

moreover

appear

Rhases.

be

drachms.

fifteen

of

further

is

Melleus
that

detergent

more

fevers, moistens

than

sugar,

cools

yellow bile,

manna

of

manna

as

He

"c.

ash.

two

purgative medicines

children

and

pregnant

women.

thing
any-

may

(Meth.

Med.

Ros

Chorasan
proves

the

true

fistula

be

memory,

to

cassia

which

Haly

the

the

alludes

mentions

Actuarius

the

found

chest,

thirst,improves

evidently

six to

in

the

the

from

says

trees

ardent

purges

to

falls upon

manna

Averrhoes,

these

of

the

throat,

dose

of

in

is useful

it

last

which

holds

liaA^e not

works

the

The

Baithar.

substance

in

interest

Ebn

and

Abbas,

We

Simpl. 8.)

(De

The

would

with

the

softens

the

on

He

thuris

manna

gentle cholagogue, and says it

chest, the bowels, and quenches thirst.

to

above

stated

authorities,he

other

the

is

what

to

Serapion, Avicenna,

of

authority

addition

in

great importance

445

and

safelygiven

v.)

Turpeih.
There

be

can

Khases

recommends

titious

humours

from

(Contin. 1.
joints, as
bringing

crude
the

it with

tripolium

he

says

and, therefore, it ought

property
mental

not

to

be

we

the

one

treats

to

The

turpeth, is
He

drachms.

of it in his

to
principally

557.)

two

it be

chapter on
descriptionof

ancient
Mesue

author
the

younger

gives a circumstantial

ginger, as

and

Galen,

who

its horrid

it the

we

the
or

medicine

marks

itself.

He

by
The

not.

treated
work

taste,

character.

same

sound

in his

as

Arabian

Other

alone.

taken

has

founds
con-

authority of Aben
purging viscid phlegm,

(De Simpl. 337.) Haly

purgatives,but confines
the

and

the

minutely, and

very

whether

determine

may

from

medicine

ter.
charac-

Serapion

depressionby

authorities, quoted by him, give

describes

of

two

nerves

with

if mixed

Upon

His

same

of the

of Dioscorides

head.

that

recremen-

presents
describing it, re-

(ii,2, 701.)

humours,

assigns it the
that it brings on

Mesuai
but

under

stated

have

and

and

the

after

diseases

in

Turpethum.

joints.

Chuz, give it

Avicenna,

efficacious

crude

other

and

being phlegmagogue,
away

Convolvulus

purging

elder,and

i, 729.)

being

as

for

knees

the

the
ult.

it is the

that

turpeth

authorities,Mesue
it

doubt

no

which
dose

is

Abbas
himself

(Pract. ii,2,

fully of
Simpl.' (11.)

most

'De

descriptionof it, and

full directions

446

APPENDIX

for

as

recommends
of

it

from
much

in

whether

that

We

We

of the

have

not

the

great

work

of

Actuarius

found

for

reason

of Ebn
is the

of the

Euphorbia pityusa. (Meth.

of

the

long

Convolvulus

place

into

disuse.

being

in gout,
known

the

have

the

that

it

turpeth

of

See

turpeth as
in his days
It is still

Gray (Suppl.
known

not

had

fallen

has

ii,384.)

was

of the

article

years

ii, 530) speaks

satisfied

the

to

Arabian

the
neither
period, that it was
already stated, nor yet the Alypias, as
It has
been
long used as a purgative

have

we

late

Ind.

in

Ainslie, treating

rough purgative.

supposed.
by the Hindoo

medicine
Med.

as

M.

the

identity.

say

present

of

be

The

cathartic, recommended

as

are

before

but

been

interest

is to

Dr.

Our

leprosy.^^(Mat.

shops
We

Tripolium,
some

resinous

says

Med.,

(M.

dropsy, and
in

Greeks

Mat.

Alston

Pharm.)

to

the

9.)

v,

tive
preserva-

their

this head.

"

turpetUum,

in

strong

Med.

He

It has

of much

pityusa, that

stances^
sub-

Commentators

questioning

under

Baithar

root

(See his

additional

anything

of Mesne

turpeth

Arabians.

other

as

vii.

evacuant

an

skin.

of the

the

not

or

little

see

joints,and

of the

diseases

other

and

phlegmagogue,

diseases

leprosy and

as

c.)

1.

principallyas

disputed

same

bad

humours

gross

[book

qualitiesby mixing it with other

dates, ginger, almonds, "c.
scammonyj

correcting its
such

TO

Wise

See

physicians.

(Hindoo

145.)
Dende.

Serapion gives
hayse,
it

describes

and

vomit,

to

take

to

demulcent

mentions

it is

Babylonia, along

who

person
and

such
a

other

herb

that

Yemen,

where

is attended

of medicines
and

answer

laxative

manna,

countries

and

powers
the

like

catharsis,he

so

says,

as

combined,

and

that

which

such

of

directed

astringentsof

Arabic,
used
he

adds

and

that

whereas

great rains, no
possesses

He

"c.

in India

dry country,
with

part

it
in

class

astringent

turpeth,myrobalans,
But
deMd, he says, answers
only in cold
it brought on
(China?). When
hyperhe directed
his patient to sit in a cold hip-

like.
Seni

well

hot

of

Bend

strongly, and

with

purgatives,but

great debilityin
heat

much

the

of it is

taken

in drink

induces

the

speaks

purslane, gum

as

medicinal

with

He

it purges

has

milk

of

account

of it.
that

states

butter

nature,
that

species

and
A

tenesmus.

lengthened

very
two

being poisonous,

induces

as

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

and
batlij

to

cold

get

447

dashed

water

description of
388.) Aviceiina^s
it to be
directs
Scrapion. He
and

country,

purges

Abbas,

Haly

however,

of it

Euphorbia,

description of
Arboreus

in

strongest
and

sharp,
the

and

humours

countries,

owing

excoriate

the

used

Sprengel
but

of

is

apud

Ebn

is at

least
in

said

it

3G;

be

to

the

and

the

best and

as

mentions

be

St.

found

of

an

(M.

that

it had

1.

been

that

respect,

Royle

(Antiq.

Sonthcimer
coluhrinmn

lignum
been

used

(Mat.

]\Ied.

693)

Dr.

c.) that

the

Pereira

it contains

Bean.

but

It has

(922.)

anthelminthic.
M.

See

(739); and

cinally
medi;

Gray

mentions
ncarlv

Lindlcy
the

lignum colubrinum,

it that
as

Hill

We

feel much

Tiylium.

See

counteracted

doubt

we

that

the

calls the

that
same

tree,

Strychnos Ugustrina,

used

in

paralysisof

(Veg. Kingd. G03.)

when

to

strychnos colubrinus;

whom

; Pereira

deleterious

demulcents.

no

the

to

best

are

or

dende.

the

Ignatius'

the

this violent

purgative,and

other

little

Pereira

it, and

drastic

and

still think

and

bear

wisely
ought to be

effects

lac,

times.

58);

extremities,and

hot

552)

We

modern

mentions

as

Croton

Med.

and

common,

counteracting its

referringit

applicableto

analvsed

for

authorities,for

Mat.

are

and

Egypt,

avoided.

gum

the

of

medicines

Its bad

in

Baithar.

furnishes

Royle

Indian,

said

minute

remarks

could

be

to

ingredientsas
which

the

not

authorities,Honain,

act

to

there

(Pharmacop.
had

gives

it cannot

body,

given

are

right

Med.

and

He

countries

these

severe

intestines.

was

held

Hind.

and

his

countries

late,certain

have

he

of

think

to

German

Ricinus,

sea-coast, the land

of the

emetic, butter,

an

is

of

Baithar,

least his

the

Chinese,

first

the
in

relaxation

directions
It

by

fluxes

in all hot

effects.

the

the

Irak,

as

One

INIinute

it is

works

Ebn

at

We

purgative operation. It is said to be hot,

oily,and to pui'ge the body effectually,
especially
in the joints. It is not
given, he says, in hot

the

to

these

of it in the

or

says,

it

says

joints,(ii,
2, 215.)

supposed.

"

He

its

its

such

medicine.
that

of

because

Yemen,

kinds

three

cold

restrain

to

Averrhoes.

He

in

only

saffron.

traces

nor

had

some

as

and
the

that

say,

is

calculated

any

fully.

him

makes

from

Mesne,

body. (De Simpl.

mostly taken from

administered

starch

discover

to

Rhases,

treats

translator
an

able

been

not

dende

substances

as
operations, such
and phlegm
humours

violent

have

with

along

Ms

over

in India

the

seeds

the
Dr.
of

448

APPENDIX

the

tiglium

croton

Arabians.
meant

Is
the

as

it

[book

him

given

were

not

TO

that

probable

more

succedaneum

of the

the

as

dende

climd

they

vii.

of

the

merely

were

Fel.

Serapion

bel

others^

two

of this substance

treats

but

and

Sprengel

JEfjle marmelos,
And

now

fruit

haAdng

grain

like that

is

hel has

the

He

like

and

that

in

hemorrhoids.

He

298.)

Dr.

known

to

Ainslie

and

261),
H.

of the

his

says

the

inflation

toriaj"

the

and

nerves,

virtues

agree

well

cannot,
Fel

of it thus

to

Ind.

Tiglium.

The

grana

tiglia are

nucula

cathartica
p.

540,

appears

to

that

the

with

however,

known

and

pretend

medicinal
and

determine

to

i,

were

fell (Serapion
the

name

also in his R.

Dr.
of

Hill

says

the

ricinus

of

purga-

Geofi'roy (iii.5, 30.)

of the

powers

1. ult.

quarta Moluccana

Serapion, Rhases,

by
the

us

manner,

nuts

under

Croton

further

above

of

the

medicine,

croton

Sprengel

106.)

of

like

(Contin.

the

"

-virtues of the

Avicenna,

croton

what

Fel,

do

not

tiglium.

We

substance

the

was.

S ant alum
Avicenna

pterocarpi
is

sen

Indian

Indian

The

"

radix

those

in

of

account
^'

in inflation

like

are

mandragora.

See

"c.

given

Fel

the

are

Certainly it
as

of

writes

grains :

they

of hemorrhoids,

well-known

physiciansby the name

formerly brought to England

Molucca

kind

those

grains." (Mat.

refers

part which

is the

Arabian

were

of Molucca
H.

like

the

intermediate

being

the

it

it

filbert,containing

apples of mandragora. (ii,2, 251.) Rhases,

briefly of Fel that it is a well-known
says
powers

describes

it,he adds,

calls

relaxation

He

tained^
ascer-

sel is the

the

gives exactly the same

as
glossaiium is described
being

Indi.^'

useful

having

well

Avicenna

nenufaris

with

as

colour

it relieves

says

been

never

Fel, Serapion

covering

white,

head

same

Lindley (Veg. Kingd. 458.)

see

to

the

agreed

are

larger pine,its

and

in the

medicine,
of

which

of the

(c. 261.)

fructus

Ainslie

external

an

yellow

which

and

regard

administered.

Fuel,

The

on

with

between

sel.

under

describes

two

santalini)still well

cold

and

paits, and

this

the

dry medicine,
more

ruhrum.
kinds

known
which

especiallythe

of
in

sandal

practice.

repels
red.

wood

The

He

[lignum

determinations
diseases

it

says

he

to
most

]iT.]

SECT.

SIMPLES.

particularlyrecommends
fevers,weakness
and

in

the

stomach,

and

draughts.

The

white, he

says, is useful

He

is sensible

white,

gives a

palpitationof

are,

of

(ii,2, 649.)
the

it iu

4 49

the

quotes
of this

Galen

is

brought from
quoted by him concur
Avood

the

being

useful

in

but

fevers,

his translator
describes

sandal-wood,
He

The

of

and

wood
sandal-

says

various

authorities

kinds

of sandal-

different

Avicenna, representing

as

in

of

hearty

liniments

in hot

head,

of them.

giving the

in

Serapion

kinds

(China ?).

characters

same

red

account

Sini

this

both

mistake.

the

circumstantial

very

under

being

and
yelloAV,

this

the

it

as

the

complaints
stomach, and in cardiac
mixed
with
camphor and rose oil as an external
; and
into the temples. They
applicationin hot vertigowhen rubbed
also agree in representingit along with other cooling plants as
The
sandal- woods, iu short, they
being serviceable in gout.
disease

all hold

to

be

cold

in the

(De Simpl. 346.)

white

degree and dry

gives a brief account

Rhases

sandal-woods, which
of the

for

heart

his authorities

and

stomach,

of the
and

third

in

pain

of the

fevers,when

erysipelaswhen

rubbed

and

rubbed

red

the

face.

and

in weakness

also for

over

the

second.

of the

recommend

head

into

in the

tation
palpi-

stomach,

(Contin.1. ult.

609,)*

ii,1,

Azedarach.
Avicenna

describes

fruit like the

a

large tree, and

dry in the end of

struent

hair

powers

and

chest.

along

gives the
It is

have

with

and
first,

been

tree, having

is hot in the
that it is

says

third

to

of Ebn

it,representingit

for the

stomach

in colics and

in

as

Melia
I"-

azedarach

be

can
or

"

and

pituitous

and

discover

it in

his Mat.

Baithar

give an
being dangerous to

Med.

elaborate
persons

no

bead

question

that

tree.'' Dr.

it must

Ainslie

The
account

Avho

useful for various

large doses, but in smaller ones
and
for promoting the
more
especially
growth of
There

deob-

kills lice in the

in

(i,30.)

it is

degree,

possessedof

of its leaves

useful

He

mp'obalans. (ii,
2, 17.) Rhases
of the assedarach.
(Contin.1. ult. i, 89.)
by Serapion as being a large tree, but

able

authorities

well-known

Its fruit is bad

fumitory

account

same

not

its flower

anthelminthic, and

barely mentioned

Arabian
of

it.

[CeltisAustralis?).

that
the

being

the decoction

strengthens

It is

fevers

and

as

Arbor

very

and

we

Lotus

it

take

it

pm-poses,
the

have

hair,

been

the

says of it that

"in

29

APPENDIX

450

India

the

bark

of the

ordered

for

almost

[book

azedarach

melia

powerful tonic

possess

TO

has

antifebrile

and

every

been

ascertained

virtues," and
that

purpose

the

Med.

"read

in the
is

it kills

noticed

Susruta.

frequently

in the

of

says

Encyclopedia (!!)that

"

it is
is

in

the tree.

on

and

to

Crantz

it,that

lice,"c."

he

had

The

darach
aze-

also Wise's

See

(119.)

Medicine.

of Hindu

Book

last of these

The

iii,40.)

that

cinchona

Europe." (Mat. Ind. i, 70, ii,454.) See further

Miller
(Dictionary); Lindley (Veg. Kingd. 464)
(Mat.

vii.

Anacardium.
this

On

i,47)

and

describes

it most

minutely.

in
diseases,and especially
of the

coldness

it
it is the

as

spasms.

Semicarpus Anacardium,

into

Galen

paralysis,and

been

disuse.
the

on

used
See

Hill

anacardium,

the

was

and

Myrepsus
And

say

the

least

one

of

lus.

has

of these

to

also

as

by

occurs

(c.170,
whether

substances

See

^avQo^aXavoq.

that anacardia

doubtful

his
the

unlikely.

of

name

now

quotes

brieflynoticed

antidotes

it appears

in Dioscor.

(Comment,

is

the

author's

our

then,

wholly ignorant

were

under

not

seems

merce.
com-

That

viii.)

gen.

deserving of remark

further, it is

To

sec.

It

i, 209.)

Actuarius

ingredientin

an

H.

H.

Sprengel (R.

Med.

commends
re-

of

practice,but

modern

anacardium

semicarpus

tree"

nut

in

doubt

(Mat. Med. 490.) Rhases

referring,as we
suppose,

^pvao^aXavoQ.(De Comp.
latter

Avicenna
Without

marking

"

or

in

say it is useful

hemorrhoids.

to

Avicenna

it in mental

and

fumigation

all recommend

They

1. ult.

(Cont.

authorities

loss of memory,

in

nerves,

It has
fallen

Rhases

Serapion (De Simpl. 356) ;

Avicenna
(ii,
2, 40.) Of these

see

stated

Ed.
the

by

as

Basil.)
Greeks

Matthio-

189.)
T"iudar.

Avicenna
and
a

says of it that it

is called

milk

good

the

which
for

Indian

is hot

relaxation

pine ;

and
of

belongs to
that

occasions
the

nerves,

the genus

it is

ahhel

pungent,

thirst.

He

and

adds

paralysis,"c.,

(sabina?)
contains
that

also for

it is
cold

apostemes (chronicinflammations

catalepsy.
tic,binds
of the

anus,

He

the

concludes

bowels,

and

(ii,
2, 213.)

?) of the brain, apoplexy,and

by statingof it that it is lithontripthat its decoction

In

the

Glossarium

removes

relaxation

of Avicenna

(1.c.)

appendix

4.t2

of

spent

unclassical

Serapion
as

and
as

and

in

people

most

It is

in

poring

in

do, namely,

in diseases

of the

fumigations for
and

as

asthma

hemorrhoids,
for de-

remedy

as

most

cases

same

womb.

the

have

we

his Arabian

fistulse and

eyes,

from

of blood

fluxes

that

vii.

some

these

over

exactly the

drying applicationto

albeit

us,

clear,however,

vernix

Avicenna

stimulant

fluxion

than

recommend

coryza,
a

to
scarcely intelligible

are

productions.

authorities

and

it
time

more

[book

barbarous, that
Sandaracli,is so particularly

^Continens/on
passages

to

(Contin. 1.

ult.

i,

610.)
Lewis, treating of

Dr.

the

climates, particularlyon
a

the

of

coasts

largerspeciesof juniper a

"

Juniperus, says,

In

Africa, there

juice which

resinous

the

warmer

exudes

from
into

concretes

semi-pellucid,pale,yellowish tears, resembling mastich, but

and giimmi juniperi of the shops, called
larger; the sandaracha
by

from

some,

It has

been

the

but

ii, 24.)

Eecent

sandarach

is not

Med.

the

Is this the

to

both

that
the

(i,105)

think

that

descriptionof

with

the

that

it

it either

the

of

notes

doubt

Sandarach
that

substances
with
would

as

We

they
of

cedriuni
appear

distillation

or

conjecture

of

must

to

have

Berzelius

See

from
the

to

The

been

There
that

same

of

On

We

not

N.

appears
the

cedrium

much
was

See

xxiv, 11)

under

Cedrus
And

cedria

with

or

be

xvi, 21.)

liquidprocured

from

clined
in-

are

all events,

the

thing,

N.

Arabians,

must

the

juniper.

closeh^

same

as

Pereira

genus.

of

uses

the

cedria

gum

Romans

at

stated

have

by Pliny. (H.

boiling.

the

medicinal

above

like kind.

of

Dioscorides

apply

described

the

and

or,

same,

large species

the

foUows

given

Greeks

given by Pliny (H.

Cedria

comparing

the

trees

Harduin.

given by Pliny (who

the

from

Med.

201.)

(De Simpl. vi.)

was

generallysignifiesa

further, upon

quadrivalris.

of the

Galen

roborant,
cor-

juniperus communis,

Pharmacop.

to

Cedria
;

procured

were

Callitris

that

Lindley (Veg. Kingd. 229.)

the

as

Dioscorides

See

of the

decided

the

of

Gray (Suppl.

same

fluxes,

applications."(Mat.

have

product

and

727);
further

see

traumatic

authorities

usually supposed, but

vernix

old

principallyemployed externallyin

is

and

ner\ine,

(Mat.

principallyapplied,vernix.

given internallyagainst hemorrhages,

ulcerations

and

it is

which

to

use

as

those

no

can

one

at

of

least to

confounded
The
the

latter
wood

by

probabilityin the
of pyroliga sort

SIMPLES.

in.]

SECT,

acid.

neons

bodies.

Pliny

it

says

other

of all
He

when

Rhases

with

of hot

and

stomach
of the

from

and

He

bowels,

is

in his work

and

of Ambra

Karabe.

and

gives abbreviated
descriptionsof the

also

Karabe

said

the

works

is called

the

gum

astringent,and
that

it

in burials.

He

authorities

regarding

main

of
of

concludes

with

from

author.

our

the

haur

by
gum

above

given

Rhases

has

it does

made

up

not

contain

the

fi'om

almost

the

Serapion

which

the

of the

is

gum
a

deal

good

in these

of

of confusion

that

conclusion
some

1. ult.

i, 256.)

It would

the

Karabe

with

amber.

to

meant

that

amber

is not

the
he

gum

to

of

Ambra

the

as

in

Simpl.
(c.196.)

apply

Baithar

black

clearly esta])lishes

one

it is

said, is

of

there

contained

drawing
the

it to
the

varietyof

Ebu

the

Although

avoid

Ije a great mistake

Indeed,

Arabian
agree

of Karabe

impossible

authorities

it

used

(De

Karabe,

poplar, j)robablysome

dilatuta.

supposed, which

it

sandarach,

several

authorities

in the accounts

think

we

the

ba/sam

nigra, or

(Contin.

tree.

extracts,

pretended
same

be

to

fa(jus,"which, except
from
extract
Paulus, is

seu

just discussed.

have

we

liaur

"

we

extract

is said

Avicenna.

gives a perfectlydistinct chapter on

the

that

the Latins

He

chapter on

which

characters, which
from

romi

lation
trans-

but

the

from

by givingextracts

on

Galenas

then

with

some

270.)
that

and

it

because

its medicinal

those

of haur

In

ro7ni

parts

separately

treats

Paulus,

the

chapter

of Dioscorides's

be

to

called the funeral

was

he

dial
cor-

of

of the other

the head

under

case

good

distinct

Cord.^

confounded

be

to

the

hemoptysis.

as

and
poplar (ofyf/^oc),

black

in

trace

cannot

Med.

De

flower

afl'ections

in

treats

ferent
dif-

good periapt

it

gives a

translations

extract

an

He

Serapion

first

of

'

it is

that

useful

(ii,2, 364.)

and

nose,

recommends

which

one

the

Serapiou

apostemes.

of

is like the

gum

colder, being astringentin

and

called

tree

attracting cliatf

colour

the

says

poplar separately,and

Ambra,

the

He

of

gum

resembling vernix,

ruddy

fluxes,especially
bleeding

medicine,

and

of

but

in virtues

tree

cases

the

being

as

objects.

small

agrees

in

dead

embalming

Popu/us.

or

(populus Romana?),

romana

the

it

describes

colours, and
of

for

(1.c.)

Aviceuna

and

used

was

Karate,
haiir

453

then

the

resin

Populus

to

identify

distinctlysays

poplar

as

by showing

had
that

been
the

TO

APPENDIX

454

of

characters

Galen, by
See

no

further

be

with

of

that

those

and

Ambra

grisea.

opinion with
of

indentical

vii.

(succinum.)

and

our

stated,most

being

as

Dioscorides

amber

Sandarach,

although

have

we

as

set it down

have

given by

Electrum,

mention

to

poplar,as

accord

oceans

Karabe

the

gum

under

It is proper
to

the

[book

regard

modern

our

with

the

rities
authosuccinum.

Gray (Suppl.to Pharmacop. 215); Royle (Mat. Med. 648);

Pemberton
are
(Dispensatory,102.) We
persuaded,however,
read the ninth
that whoever
will carefully
chapter of the first
See

part of Avicenna^s
with

that

us

ferent

he

work
held

Karabe

careful

this conclusion.

will confirm

poplar is

on

the

substances,and

Cordial

"

mentioned

by

We

of

treat

and

will become

upon

them.

degree and dry in

cant; it strengthensthe
chewed
by the Indians
first

the

totallydif

(De Electariis)

resin

or

agree

of

black

the

(Chemical Dispensat.442.)

and

Faufel.
under

apparent before
Tembul, according

which

be

to

of Mesne

gum

Schroeder.

substances

these

Ambra

study
The

Tembul

Medicines,^^ must

second

head

one

the

conclusion

of

reason

article

our

is cold

Avicenna,

to

for

in

the

astringentand desicand for this purpose

is constantly
gums,
strengthensthe stomach, and
; it also
for this purpose
also is frequentlychewed
by the same
people,
Abbas
similar
of it ;
account
(ii,
2, 699.)
Haly
gives a very
he says it is brought from
made
India, and that seafaringmen
much
of it,because
fish. (Pract. ii,
use
they lived much
upon
Baithar
treats of it at great length.
One
of
36, 207.) Ebn
his authorities,Abuthanifa^ says it improves the
of the
state
Elmasudi
mouth,
gives an interestingdescriptionof it; he
the breath
fragrant,improves the mouth, and
says it renders
even

the

mind,

and

he

says

further

it is

of

it that

it reddens

the

Elgafaki says it cures

bleeding and swellingof the
Elscherif
tonsils,being of an astringentand desiccant nature.
and dry in the second
calls it hot in the first,
degree, and says
it produces exhilaration
of spirits,
and cures
flatulence.
He
describes minutely the Indian
mode
of using it.
The
author

teeth.

himself

under

this head

plant used

in his time

which

says

because

200.)

he

it lost

was

his readers

warns

for
seldom

its virtues

the

tembul,

brought

not

with

from

by being carried

to

confound

the

true

India

in

to

the

tembul,
his

distance,

days

(ii,

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

with

of heat
those
to

and

sandal

to

seem

them, Mesarugie,
of

the

the

of

calls it
makes

Now

palm,

the

breath

teeth,

there

latter,which
nutmeg,
betel

cut

constitute

Ainslie
Med.

85)

Meyeu

these

it

attenuant,
and

in the

M.

616)

as

mouth,

and

(ii,2, 134.)
this

which

earn

Rhases

head,

gative,
pur-

strengthens

and

as

delectat

of the

resembling

the

of

the

the

leaves

called
in

(Antiq.

betel.

particular
Hindoo

of

CubebcB.
to

the

heat,
in

which

also, through

holds

calls

the

clears

some

gives exactly the

qua

he

it to

of

the

when
gorgement
enas

passages,

gravel

adds,

habetur

account

be

aperient

"

and

tum
Spu-

coitus."

mistake, quotes
same

says,

liver in

of

discharge

cum

he

voice

the

urinary
and

it

Galen,

ulcers

putrid

bladder,

cam

he

He

of

the

the

Some,

but

deobstruent
of

of

carpesium

substance.

it

of the

nuts

Lindley (Yeg. Kingd. 137) ;

edited by the Eay Society.)

promotes
and

The

consult

degree.

cleanser

is the

medicine

as

kidneys,

masticantis

gentle

of the East

Royle

recommends

gums,

of the

Ebn

these

as

with

along

some

second

in the

and

medicine

describe

refers

different

thereof;

catechu.

substances,

this head

dry

apostemes

of

former

masticatory

refrigerant with

and

it is

of

cold

(i,2, 256.)

eye.

the

areca

i, 268, 465)

evidently was

truly hot

luider

the

two

(M.

under

scabies

being

as

cordial, and

that

or

called

stones

doubt

Chubabe,

had

diuretic

fragrant,is

as

it

held

it that

(Geograpli.of Botany,

but

members

of

says

famous

Pereira

Avicenna

and

and

of

One

swelling

hot

in

useful

the

slices,and

Ind.

(Mat.

it

being

as

authorities

into

of

account

an

describes

of

latter

the

the

in

dry,

teeth, represses

the

is useful

A\dcenna

and

and

toothache

inflation

no

modern

are

and

application

an

strengthens

like

(i,267.)

be

can

betel,and

jnper

For

and

gums

and

nature,

gross

Baithar

the

swelled,

astringency, and

some

it

says

(De Simpl. 345.)

eye.

with

when

as

be

to

astringent.

with

it suits

that

ISIesue

gums

said

call it hot

be

it to

slight degree

are

authorities

holding

in

says

eyebrow.
the

Its virtues

of his

Some

agree

having

as

It is recommended

tree.

apostemes.

all

and

nutmeg,

bitterness.

some

of the

hot

like the

being

as

rities
by Serapion'sautho-

is described

Indica,

Avellana

Faufel, or

455

Galen
of

its

TO

APPENDIX

456

medicinal
under

this

head

myrtle

with

further

He

it renders

the
them

of

the

204),

the

See

M.

(i,344.)

of

his

as

By

still take

beg

would

also

carpesium.

Indians

the

subjectto

(754.)

Royle (M.

and

this

mentions

(Avicenna?)

coitus,

We

feelings.

on

Cubeba.

Piper

that

not

affections

cures

Sina

of

delight

mentions

information

for further

Ebn

quotes

sexual

the

excite

to

further

cludes
con-

had

it for the

taken

wild

but

Baithar

fragrant and

breath

the

Paulus^

Ebn

vii.

Serapion

Dioscorides

the

Pereira

Dr.

way,

sensible

was

had

it enhances

stating that

and

authorities

He

bladder.

he

Galen

to

(De Simpl. 288.)

of the

certain
says

the

that

of cubebs.

treated
that

references

1. ult. i, 242.)

description of

Dioscorides^s

gives

saying

by

(Contin.

Avicenna.

as

powers

[book

refer

to

excellent

account

Liudley (Veg. Kingd.

562.)
Usne7i.

Rhases

(Contin.

vaguely by
that

(ii, 2, 713)

Avicenna

See

it

the

and

emmenagogue,
it is of

and

corrosive.

hot

dry nature,

Mansor.

nature,

stomach.

(De

is

is

and

it

as

an

Rhases

dropsy.

confectio de

him

for

of

usnen

ingredients mostly
by

stergent,
ab-

purgative, deobstruent,

The

other

doubt

call it

They

rather

no

recommend

urine

and

used
be

can

fruticosa.

recommended

Antidot.

there

iii,22.)

fourteen

Serapion containing
aromatic

salsola

of
difficulty

in

and

(Ad

but

Simpl. 257)
is

term

aperient, and

and

cleansing,

This

authors,

comprehended

says

i, 753.)

1. ult.

Arabian

the

Serapion (De

of

debilityof

an

the

71.)

Fagara,

or

Fagre.

(ii,
2, 260); Rhases
Serapion (De Simpl. c. c); Aricenna
it to the
Serapion's authorities
(Cont. 1. ult. i,312.)
compare
vetch, and say of it that it is hot and dry in the second degree,
See

and

is stomachic.

small, black,

hot

and

in fsetor of

the

of it is to
and

dry

in the

describes

Amran

grain within,

good gargle
ingredient into powders

forming
an

round

ebn

Isaac

the

same

third

astringent,stomachic,

and

and

mouth,

ointments.

effect

degree.

red

he
He

says,

it

as

one

without,

as

and

entering

as

Avicenna's

however,

recommends

hepatic medicine.

having

Rhases^s

scription
de-

that
it

it is

as

account

an

SIMPLES.

m.]

SECT,

of it is verj'^ short, but

457

far different

not

from

tlie others.

Dr.

Lindley describing the XanthoxyJon hastile,says of it, that

India
seeds
for
its capsules and
are
employed in Northern
also
given as the faghuret of
intoxicating fish; they are
"

The

Avicenna.
and

Japan

as

piperitum and
antidotes
against

in many

H.

be

cases

(^ eg. Kingd.

.''

remedy

and

i, 270),

Avicennse

X.

use

further

See

M.

would

poisons; they

of considerable

473.)

Royle (M.

all

in China

used

are

as

doubtedly
un-

stimulant

H.

Sprengel (R.

326.)

Artamita.
Avicenna

Sprengel

such

gives

it to

deciding

in

description of

it in diseases

recommends

be

the

of the

joints,as

and

of

cure

Hindoo

See

physicians.

Wise

fully justifies

as

Cyclamen

hiccup, and says of

(ii,2, 61.)
produces abortion,

for the

it

sternutatory, and

it that
It

it is

is

in

alexipharmic
with

use

of Hindoo

(System

He

Persicum.

the

Med.)

Vertz.
From
is

the

mentions

that

and

the

specieswhich

grow

the

red,

recommends

of

name
are

like

He

vars.

brought

descriptionis

from

and

it

by

of
he

medicine,

sa^-s two
and

saffron.
the

similar

very

full and

very

as

of his

for

that

to
same

and
the

need

we

not

Rhases

kinds,
that

the

they

yellow

ult.

1.

iii,110.)
His

(ii,2, 291.)
and
Ebn

it both

into

an

and

collected

are

Serapion.
enter

be

speciesto

leprosy,pruritus,
brieflydescribes

interestingdescriptionof
but

India, and

given by Rhases,
as

scription
de-

of

cure

(Coutin.

cases

it

containing colouring

oi yures.

name

that

minute

very

of

one

for the

Yemen,

pounded

it in the very

gives a

them

in Arabia

of

root

doubt

no

gives

all remarkable

are

describes

Avicenna

the

seems

pustula.(De Simpl. 170.)

trees

upon

held

They
He

by

He

some

curcuma.

matter.

it

tinctorhim.

Memecylon
of three

the

of it there

Serapion^s account

he

commends
re-

Baithar
as

dye

exposition

since

the account
they scarcelydiff'er at all from
it given above
from
that
Serapion. AVe may
just mention
aphrodisiac. See Vol. I, 585.
says clothes dyed with it are

The

views,

mcmccyls

in India
works

of

as

constitute

dyes

Roylc

and

and

genus

articles

Lindley.

of

food

of

plants
and

still well

medicine.

known

See

the

APPENDIX

458

TO

[book

vii.

Mahaleb.

Serapion (De

See
Avicenna

rock/^

"

recommend

the

it
and

and

as

medicine

intestinal

similar

having
latter

describes

is the

Babylonia,
blue

weaker

them

persons,

and

diseases

of

as

administered

Ebn

nor

them
of

the

is another

authorities
and

dyeing
and

the

known

Kingd. 651)
(R.

H.

H.

of
Like

all

in the

hot

temperament.

the

are

unable

complaints

probability,was
East

as

Whether
to

neither

the

Rhases

regarding
interestingaccount
it

used

was

for

speaks favorably of it,

of

the

perfume.

gives

information

very

others, he

old

when

Avicenna

yellow species that

the

of

cutaneous

headache

plants, and

additional

from

those

other

it induces

two

the

says,
has

particularlyin

says

as

skyprincipally in

it

and

one

which

is got, he

recommend

(591.)

the

yellow^ of

cold

See

other

be

The

nature.

jusminum

Gray (Suppl. to Pharmacop. 59)

i, 242.)

we
officinale,

Rhases

Baithar

head,

He

these

its oil in

species,in

still well

of
of

says

hair.

and

species which

more

suppliesany

especiallyof

latter

Ebn

It

latter^however, gives
He

them.

describes

Amram,

same

other

there

account

Baithar

the

(Contin. xxii,838;

and

the

its powers.

to persons

similar

very

the

like natui'e.

who

in gout, and

Avicenna

applicationin impetigo

an

authorities

useful

Rhases

under

in

His

coloiu".

j'j7"//yrea
; after

Zambach.

2, 611);
(ii,

phlegmatic complaints,

and

flower, and

where

it

of it.

Avicenna

white

ISIiller,

of
superfluities

ebn

Isaac

Serapion (De Simpl. 176);

Serapion

the

circumstantially.

account

i, 309);

the

being

as

of

Serapion appliesto

Arabian

expel

them,

Jesemin

1. ult.

Mahaleb

on

several

the

undoubtedly

Cerasus

written

and

of

be

cherry.

to

worms,

of it very

varieties

See

"

had

Galen

lithoutriptic.One

give a

say, the

gives the opinions of

he

system

is to

(Contin. 1. ult. i,442);

to

appears

perfumed

"

or

Dioscorides

which

as

that

Mahaleb,

Angl.,
what

It

(ii,2, 471.)

Primus

Rhases

Simpl. 44);

sambac,

Lindley (Veg.
;

and
the

Sprengel
humile

or

determine.

Secacul.
See
From

Serapion (De Simpl. 89)

the

descriptionwhich

and

they give

Avicenna
of

it,there

(ii,2, 663.)
can

be

no

APPENDIX

460

esteemed.

Some,

diseases,but

this

under

he

He

Storax.

he

[book
be

it to

kinds

of

beneficial

it induces

rejects,as
from

quotes only

Both

(ii,2, 423, 615.)

held

says,

opinion

TO

it

late,

shows

Pereira, however,

the

produced by

the

publication on
"

Liquid

(p. 229.)

is

storax

that the

ambar

modern

doubtful

has

excelsa.

of

tions
men-

the

shops

in

Dr.

Lindley

his

recent

the Dammar

that

Dr.

But

says,

pine."

it is obtained

]\Ied. 1325, 2d

(Pereira,Mat.

Liquid

point, and

orientaJe.

recentlyshoAvn

the

authorities,

liquid storax

Vegetable Kingdom,^
thought to be yielded by

largely
Rhases.

by

Altingia

of

produces

'

Landerer

officinale.

Storax

this is

holds

liquid

the

be

to

that

Lindley

that Dr.
is

held

was

See

authorities,

noticed

are
by Serapion. (De Simpl. 46),
(Contin. 1. ult. i, 687.)
it is which
tree
It is still disputed what
Storas.
According to Sprengel and most

of

vertigo.

treated

are

and

until

in cerebral

Arabian

storax

vii.

from

ed.)

Kadi.
It is described

Arabia,

frora

gives a

curious

by Serapion

appear

describes

He

which

to

that
it

country

and

'

being

as

the
in

was

we

He

quotes

are

unable

it

on

but

he

we

refers
the

Ebn

He
cinal
medi-

any

in

to

decidedlv.

Baithar

which

oil is

Rhases,
have

prepared

smallpox.

(i,337.)
in

from

it.

in his 'Continens'
unable

to

authorities

His
of

It

it resembles

been

to.

virtues

wine,
sav

in

grows

is formed.

mention

not

by

fragrant

glowing colours,
its

does

species of palm,

which

passages

Kadi

which

applied. (De Simpl. 40.)

was

Smallpox,'

especiallyof

more

it

on

plant

oil of

described

that

says

is Arabia.

Treatise

it

it is also

all respects, and

Its

aromatic

descriptionof it,but

purposes
would

the

which

being

as

this

substance,

What

cover
disscribe,
deand

speciesof palm

Meizaragi.

Serapion gives
Abugerit
diseases.

pills,and
They

and

full

Abii",who

mention

that,

it upon

dose

put

the

into

for

with

authority of
it in arthritic

recommending

directions

Its
when

in

agree

They give minute

decoctions.

of

account

using it in electuai'ies,
sugar

rivers, it

is

one

drachm.

intoxicates

fish.

describes
the
Simpl. 365.) AAicenna
Mehezehereyi,
being a tree like esula [spurge ?) ; and says it is hot and dry

(De

as

in

tlic third
He

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

degree, and

in gout,
We

intoxicates

it is carminative

adds, that

sciatica,and
need

cocculus

permum

L.,

is found

the

these

fish.

less formidable

not

authors

in Pereira

for the
Hindoo

M.

(M.

cure

Med.

the

cocculus

the

whole

Dr.

known

inclines

to this

have

another

Abbas

it in

his

Vomiting. (Pract. ii,65

(vii,36.)
emetic:

Thus

raphaui,

omnium

mellis
work
be

may
formula

another

we

of his

drachms,

drunk

with

warm

with

bowels.

an

interestingaccount
that

it

will

also

it will

(De. Simpl. 163.)

it

was

For

x,

upon

in

it,that

example, Haly
which

procure

Serapion, in

Emetic

on

poison
of

say

12.)

following

Medicines,

formula

Serapion
he

for

of

treats

states, that

loosen

of

the

frequently used

the

says, that

drachms

two

water,

the

clear

chapter

ancthi.^'

authorities,likewise

of two

to

now

Pract.

the

as

'"'

an

it also

ing"
eas}' vomit-

by administering it agreeably
just quoted from his other work.

have

perhaps

whether

249.)

INIedicines

on

Simples,' where

induced

which
that

adds,

On

also

see

decoctione

'

of

(System

(cardamomi ?),nucis vomicse, seminis

Tcrautur
in potu cum
et dentur
5J.

an

et

Wise

cians
physi-

doubtful

emetic.

an

gives

Concamed

"B-

indicus

Hindoo

Vomica

have

We

it in his

he

intoxicate

to

physicians, but

Nux

chapter

of

treats

manner,

in his

the

medicinallyas

of

its

Vomica.

place (Vol.11,241.)
treats

aqua

Arabian

of

brieflytreated

also used

was

See

opinion. (Mat. Med.

Nux

We

the

by

is somewhat

the

to

most

pericarp
See
menispermine.
(Mat. Ind. ii,132.)

diseases.

Royle

in

(See

of the cocculus

used

was

best

of Menis-

it contains

it is used

account

nervous

557.)
was

It

is useful

Lindley.

that

Ainslie

it,that

excellent

1326.)
of

and

river.

the

seed

of

it, that

alcaloid

of

mention

See, farther, an

like

the

or

cocculus

saj's of

and

with

agreeing

indicus,

Gray (Pharmacop. 119),

Both

it

in

principle,the picrotoxine,and

venomous

into

480.)

(ii,2,

i. q., Anamirta
He

thrown

phlegmagogue,

hesitation

no

Veg. Kingd. 309.)

also

and

it is cocculus

authorities,that

fish when

arthritis,

have

4G1

of dill

produce
Ebn

given

Abrara,

to the

of fennel

vomiting

Vomica,
an

natron, mustard, "c. in hydromcl.

from

the
He

amount

seed, and

and

loosen

]5aitliar^s authorities

Nux
as

or

bowels.

to

whicli

emetic, along

with

give
it is
nel,
fen-

462

APPENDIX

Dr.
that

the

Pereira, upon

the

cannot

with

agree

how

is

been
vomica
the

of

is treated

methel, Avhich

attempted

be

to

views,

it,and
them

by

shown

Avhen

much

how

(R.

H.

the

nux

in
H.

and

having

vomica

used

of

the

AVe

action

used

was

v^ews

as

St.

the

Faba

sancti

Ignatius

by

bean

is

vomica

nux

the

(see

lity
probabi-

other.

See

advocating, Sprengel
also iu

conclusion, that

the

by

of

case

the

PereiiVs

is still less

are

emetic

an

is it

it is admitted

as

there

mention

Dr.

the

than

we

were

It is also proper

medicinally than

may

especiallyin

more

its

it

nux

be, nor

to

of

calls

But

Orfila,ii,276),

been

support
i, 250.)

in

the

misapplicationof

toxicology,that

on

have

unless

it not

Geoffrov

Ind.),

cannot

name

support

Jegitima.

energetic

Christison, 644,
of its

For, considering

pretended that

the

in

Serapion.

opinions,we

Arabians

other

any

and

learned

vomica

nux

more

further

the

authorities

best

his

(Theatre of Plants, 1601.)

that

Ignatii the
the

the

it is not

by

of

Mat.
(Ainslie,

presentlyshow

will

we

Parkinson

mention,

for

is in Persia

originated. See, however,

terra

to

vomica

with

unacquainted

vomica

nux

in the present instance.

nux

vii.

(Pharmacol.),decides

respect

strong presumption that

[book

Dale

the

was

great

our

him

the

common

there

authorityof

Strychnos Ignatia

But, notwithstanding

TO

Hindoo

cians,
physiWise

See

poisoning.

'

Med.

(Hindoo

402.)
Nu-x

alluded
briefly

have

We

elsewhere.

poison

Arabian
its seed

to

Methel.
this substance

(Vol. II, 241.)

its

authorities, compares
to

of

that

mandragora

Serapion, quoting
the

to

nut

its

{Datura Methel)

bark,

he

from

vomica,

nux

adds,

is

as

and

rough,

its

and its virtues cold in the fourth

pleasant and unctuous,
degree ; if given in a small dose [kirator siliqua?) it intoxicates
are
given it proves fatal at once.
strongly,and if two drachms

taste

quoted by him,

Bhases,

as

perhaps

emetic

and

in small
counteracted

be

medicine,
intoxicates.

it is

says
and

that

He

narcotic,

it proves

directs

its

butter,
by taking warm
otheinvise
treatingthe case

sedative, and

fatal in

large doses,

pernicious effects
and

thus

producing

in the same
manner
vomiting, and
in poisoning by mandi'agora. (De Simpl. 375.)
Bhases,
as
his work
is

entitled

'

Ad

Mansor.,'

dangerous medicine^

which

says

induces

of the

nut

methel,

stupor, nausea,

to

that

in
it

vomiting,

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

and

being
citron

similar

nut

Like

(?).

stupor,

he

drachm

the

counteracted

In

direct

Hke

the

of

from

drachm

it induces

stupor,

bad

effects to

emetic

an

Baithar's

that

these

of

as

the dose

Ebn

says,

doses

administration

the

by

seed

differinglittle

them

They

sense.

heart.

small

in

Med.'

inebriates, induces

it,but

of

One

and

spot,

loss of

vomiting, and

of

account

having

it

Continens'

'

'Mat.

(ii,
2, 501.)

fatal,

already given.
on

and

his

and

says

brain

to the

full

he

others,

it in his

it in

vomica,

nux

it proves

give

others

^vill kill

the

says

authorities
the

the

to

is inimical

and

of

account

describes

Avicenna

brief.

is very

be

His

30.)
inebriety,(iii,

463

of natron

(soda),by giving wine and pepper, and keeping up the heat of

Hindoo
The
the
physiciansheld that it is alexiterial.
body.
See

excellent

An

modern

its seeds

"

that

Pharm.

violent

as

effects of the

Nux

Methel,

of the

those

with

narcotic,

authorities,we

him

of

hesitate

like

great fig,and

his

from
difficult,

its

language,

point. He says it is sweet,

by shepherds and others.
it with
that

whoever
vomica

nux

this

the

but

rather

the

see

descriptionit

vomica,

MeteL

is

to

of

it has

then,

the

ties
authori-

ancient

given by

as

that

the

those

recent

small

had

Pharoah's
out

He

mentions

nut

what

he

speaks

but
on

says

pleasant smell, and

but

that

he

difference.

the

this

eatable

cannot

is

that

founded
con-

by saying
rachaba

(De Simpl. 161.)

that

it

is eaten
had

some

concludes

descriptionsof

told
leaves

and

pomegranates,

make

Arab

an

nut-tree, having

the

the

by

states

quite clear

one

that

Comparing,

has

the

Metel,

Mechil.

being

vomica

nux

will compare
must

Nux

or

fruit like

indistinctlyabout

very

Datura

recognising their identity.

tree, like

great

in

authorities

Serapion's
it is

that

619.)

Methel,

Rachaba,
One

the

described

as

Datura

cannot

of

says

(Veg. Kingd.

action.

similar

the

powerful than the Datura

produce temporary idiotcy."Gray (Suppl. to
monium
StraLindley, after describing the Datura

Dr.

52.)

of

authority says

narcotic, more

are

and

Stramommm,

(Hindoo Med.)

Wise

and

Susruta

be

figs,probably

the
the

and
From
nux

Jicus

benjamina.
Nux
See

Serapion (De

Henden,

Simpl.

79)

or

Banden.

and

Avicenna

(ii,
2, 496.)

APPENDIX

464

According

the

to

latter

white, incKning
and

Chorasan,

that

and

of which

(by

some

Paulus

quotes

it is

it is

mistake

It

and

is

of

rock

all agree

that

it

the

the

of

it is
earth

how

correctly we
with

finest in the
far

as

as

we

of

the

is

Ebn

has

grain

like

it for

fasils,and

Thev

sav

catarrhs
In
old

to

that

looking
by

of

it

state

Baithai-'s

who

is
"

better

are

than

Garcinia

we

can

Mangostena,

barbarous
in

the

Latin

lation,
trans-

strikingpoints

some

it with

'

Loudon,

Mes.

or

AWcenna

116);

c.

it is

authors.

cold, and

as

Serapion

Sprengel (R.

at

and

wholesome

was

but
rather

plaster to

Thev

call it
that

say
not

used

some

nutritious.

very

and

torn

mango

in

recognised as
i, 266), and by

in

small

desiccant, useful

as

it is
H.

length, and

some

bruised

it is marked

2, 481);
(ii_,

the
the

in

parts.
a

very

Phaseolus
German

Baithar.

Horon,
See

also

Ebn

East

Compare

colour,

green

hand-writing,and

of Ebn

the

agree

all these

coughs, and

edition

translator

of

forms

reputation of being

It is described

bv

of it that
and

our

mango

vetch,

which

1531.

465.)
(ii,
terms

the

the

mangosteen.

Gardening,^

same

of

of it from

Serapion (De Simpl.

nearly the

earth,

pigeon^s root.

wine,

readers

our

tliat it is the

certainly seem

Baithar

ticulars.
par-

"

Meisce,
See

more

descriptionof it, given by Serapion,

judge

the

more

Serapion^s. He says it
(i,274.) Sprengel suggests

which

The

petigo,
im-

as

to

"

of it

cures

give a

calls it

He

slightly

fat of the

vomiting.

same

it

Barea

is

aphrodisiac. They

productions

fruit

can

of

that

Encycl.

and

many

it the

excellent

an

causes

determine

Avorld.

would
with

and

leave
the

Mangosteen,

another

in Andalusia,

honey

pretend to be, to

and

and

body,

supply

not

calls

it makes

nearly

called

acquainted

do

vetch,

saying

as

blood, fattens,

them,

earth,

stops fluxes,

account

or

of

one

that

fattens

semen,

of

vii.

honey.

aphrodisiac. Serapion's authorities

Rhases,

They

with

suppose)

the

from

brought

is made

we

fluxes

suppresses

lengthy description of it_,but

the

like

mass^

refrigerant,
extinguishesinflammation,

desiccant.

and

is

wine

[book

grainy

which

yellow,

to

TO

or

Bombax.

Serapion (De Simpl. 66)

and

Ebn

Baithar

(i,305.)

SIMPLES.

111.]

SECT.

Abuhanifa,
medical

So

quinces.

least

at

translation

Latin

quod
arbores
next

mihi

inter

in

nascitur

colon

obscure,

eos

passage
be

it may

but

well

arboribus

like
it is

as

give the

to

medici

quidam

some

trees

on

grows

the

'^Dixerunt

cotton

understand

we

also very

curious, and

very

that

him

informed

had

men

that

Serapion^s authorities, says

of

one

465

de

kelbe
sicut

sunt

quae

The

antipsicorum.^' Compare Pliny (H. N. xii,10.)

of Serapion^sauthorities,Aben
Mesuai, recommends

juice of

it in the
in

is beneficial

coughs

Mescha

of children.

diarrhoea
and

that

clothes, and

it is

its seed

says

breast.

for the

good

the

Albasari

says

juice is

its

cellent
exan
good for
Rhases
diseases of the face.
applicationin cutaneous
it in the same
also, as quoted by him, recommends
cases, and
Baithar's
ties
authorifiu'ther says of it that it is aphrodisiac. Ebn
it in
of it, recommending
also give an
interestingaccount
those of Serapion,namely in infantile
the same
much
as
cases
diseases ; and he
diarrhoea,and as an applicationto cutaneous

it that

of

further
the

flax,

raw

The

leaves

and

in

what

often

arboreum

or

that

oil

skin

of

the

prepared from
spots, and
(ii,284.)

diarrhaa.

There

probably

Ind.

Mat.

leaves

from

Gossypium
See Meyen

it will

given

arc

the

it

from

doubt

no

latter.

is still used

former

the

that

be

been

the

Hippocrates.
complaints,

prepared

can

have

Ainslie's

From

in uterine

like

doubt

no

of

works

Clothes

it must

hei'hacemn,most

(Geogr. Botany.)

the

warts,

useful

author.

the

stated, that

have

in

rose-oil.

with

mixed

burn

to

been

have

to

praisedby

we

used

was

mentioned

said

are

gout

much

are

it

that

states

be

seen

for

cleaning the

for

the

of

cure

Musa.
See
Baithar
Aben

Serapion (De Simpl. 84) ;

(ii,535.) According to
Mesuai,

moistening
property
bladder,
a

load

taken

ought
Another
HI.

of

to

of

end
useful

of

and

heat

of

the

used,
in

the

the
and

it creates

liver,and

if

in great

quantity,he
prepared ginger with it.

temperament
or

has

breast, lungs,

if much

obstruction

hydromel, oxymel,

his

; Ebn

Serapion's first authority,

middle
of the first degree, and

bowels;

cold

(ii,2, 484)

it, little nutritious, and

in

the

stomach,

person

take
of

the

softens
the

in the

being

and

on

by

in

it is hot

Avicenna

authorities, Sindaxar,

says

it

promotes
30

the

growtli of
is diuretic.

book

The

it that

of

says

Avicenna's

and

T^hile to

worth

minutely
from

above
Musa

account

of it is

and

so

by him,

There

describes

1. ult.

authorities
the
sesame

316), and
plantain tree is

it

latter
bodies.
he

of

says

fruit.

it that

it is

ascribes

use

the

seeds

is little

modern

it in his

no

of it

by

the

says,

Hindoos,

Rhases

quotes
We

horehound.
to

by

among

him

Galen

the
seems

at

are

Simples
to

say

containing fish, will

Avicenna

confirms

of
that

make

Galen.
a

this statement.

to

it

We

as

bad

engender

suppose

the

On

tora.

(]Mat.Ind. ii,405.)

(Contin. 1.

of it that

say

what

swim

of

it has

it
on

Avicenna

ult.

i, 389.)
like

powers

substance

Another

portion

them

not

Cassia

Ainslie

Rhases

loss to

it does

The

Lahiba.

saying

as

account

relaxed

effects

bad

aphrodisiac.

see

or

induces

descriptionof it ;
that it produced

and

and

it is the

that

(ii,2, 425)

Avicenna

be

to

Lehibach,
See

comforts

minute

good
he

it

The

vertigo.

country,

own

said

doubt

dose,

oil of

is little difiPerent.

very

same

are

or

the

with

fattening, and

gives

roasted,

When

Its

chyme.
there

and

He

large

too

Avicenna

Rhases

planted

Serapion.

occur

moistening, increases
taken

occasions

food

other

he

says

in

taken

Baithar

Ebn

and

especiallywhen

when

given by

it is hot

it that

after

and

not

Alkelkel.

Kelkel, or

of semen,

that

cholera,
of

of

say

secretion

reader

2, 30,2); Serapion (De Simpl. 275) ; Uhases

(ii,
Baithar
i, 378); Ebn
(ii,315.) Serapion's

A\acenna

(Contin.

it is the

Ind.

(Mat.

The
1530.)
(Encycl. of Garden.
brieflynoticed by Theophrastus (H. P. iv,5), but does
of the Greek
Latin
and
in the works
physicians,

See

given

it the

On

Loudon

Granum

ters,
charac-

that

doubt

be

not

those

as

same

no

Ainslie

consult

interestingto

it woukl

Baithar

plantaintree.

common

stomach

Its medicinal

be

can

the

on

that

the

nearly

are

kidneys, and
quoted by him,

as

Ebu

it.

Palm.

speciesof

the

heavy

similar

expositionof

Serapion,

it

find

medicine,

aphrodisiac,

or
2)a)'adisiaca,

may

ancient

vii.

Alchalebemen,

and

chest

it is

being

as

[book

third, named

for the

on

give an

stated

as

medicine

good

in utero.

foetus

the

it is

says

it

TO

APPENDIX

466

he

alludes

authority''
quoted
flung
the

into

lake

surface, and

further

says

it

APPENDIX

468

TO

[book

vit.

Muhichia.
Avicenna

(ii,2, 194) ; Serapion (De Simpl. 149) ; Ebn

descriptionof this article,which
(ii,537.) Avicenna's

Baithar

he also calls

Olus

"

oUtorius

Corchonis

the

authorities

not

are

it is

The

other

precisein

their

description

of food

372),

Lindley (Veg. Kingd.

See

that

mallow.

article

properly an

more

so

decide

to

seem

Jews^

or

above

quoted

It is

of it.

would

Judaiciim,"

and

two

of medicine.

than

Ainslie

(Mat.

Ind.

follicle in the

puce
pre-

ii,387.)
Moschus.
the

Musk,

of the

Moschus

mentioned

in

for

that

the

Indeed,

this

as

this

that

the

See

Sini, by

these
the

inhabitants
from

(Chinese ?)
which

which

he

gins,

and

best
in

he

is

added

sequent
subto

appear

after
of

notice

one

other

the

musk

musk,

he
of

calls

is in

says,

And,

us

Arabian

the

it also

he

by

is that

our

and

then

their

it with
from

says, is

orgasm,

the

modes
arrows

the

and

rubs

says,

the

musk.

best

of

from

and

Sinenses
animal

figure,colour,

musk

is

procured

description

also the

after
the

the

extracting

catching it by

; and

Of

Thibet,

The

anatomical

anim,al

procured

of

differ in

not

gives an

of the

from

process

he

moreover,

gazelles,and

China.

fragrant herbs,
the

musk

of Tumbasci

and

procured

on

does

the

countries

Thibet

means

lives

adds,

animal

the

the

adulterate

He

teeth,

who

acquainted with
to

apt

are

state

spurious.

authors

by

it would

have

suspicions

be

may

great

we

as

strong

noticed

been

country

by shooting

extracting

had

probably

follicles.

its canine

mulas
for-

strongest possiblepresumption,

habitat

kind,
better

from

this author

Oribasius,

as

Abuhanifa,

it is full grown.

after

is

of

produces musk,
horns

gives

in that

its

of

article is not

There

its

are

who

But

entertain

is the

says

animal

first

suspiciousappeai-ance. (p.292, ed. Basil.

of it,first upon
Serapion gives a long account

better

the

musk.

we

state,

such

it also has

296.)
authority

and

to

medicine.

and

be

to

appear

(xvi,122),

them

in Aetius

passage

gazelle,

the

would

L,,

Aetius

among

important

also

the

the

and

circumstance

author, but

of

fumigations (suffumigia)containing

Aetius,

of

period

of

concluding chapters

that

nor

works

occasion

to

of

the

various

had

already

it

moscMferus

aromatics,

many

as

inspissatedsecretion

snares,

manner

its death.
animal

when

its follicles against a

of
But
it
rock

SECT.

III.]

until

the

musk

in the

by saying that
but

the

that

Alcholabaraa,

and

drunk

The

His

Thebeth.
in

following

one,

the
Aben

applied externally in

when

in

says

the

doctors

Persian

Rhases

aphrodisiac. (De Simpl. 185.)

from

an

of the

affections

other

cordial

as

his

of the

He

with

little

brain.

He
the

of

He
an

as

and

in

also
he

as

quotes
it

give

the

especiallyin
Avicenna

gives

from

judge

can

it,

on

musk

whom

we

as

of the

member

it most

works.

affections

in

far

it,as

saffron, and

with

errhiues

of

next

brain.

the

(1.ult. i,483.)

eyes.

of

translation

wretched

it

and

descriptionof

accurate

and

brain

His

his 'Continens^

recommend

already stated, and

characters

In

iii,
22.)

when

information

head,

of

says

in diseases

of

the

authorities, all

Arabian

several

diseases

jNIansor.

(Ad

stomachic.

degree, and

recommends

of

affections

cold

all

and

headache,

cities,

many

plasters.

oil to the

applied the

for royal

viscera,both

diseases

it in

recommend

general

This,

Mesuai,

musk
authorityis Hoiiain, who recommends
others
The
supply little additional
eyes.
but

are

second

internal

and

heart

the

them.

procured, is that
next
authority is

is

hot

animal

authorityconcludes

there

musk

musk

the

from

This

of Thebeth

which

calls

who

it comforts

it, tliat

region

of Thibet

is reserved

all, and

esteem.

properly called

third.

in the

diy

high

from

one,

is

city which

in

held

and

personages

where

procured

of

finest musk

is the

remarks,

inhabitants

places

thus

musk

the

eollect

feeds, and

The

the

know

Thebeth)

469

of them.

out

drops

cle

(homines
he

SIMPLES.

the
it in

recommends
for

camphor

vertigo,
favorably of

also thinks

heart, and

in melancholv.

treatise

by saying of it that it is alexipharmic,especially

See
of poisoning with uapellus.(ii,
also his
2, 452.)
does
not
cordial,,ii.) There
(de Med.
appear
any

distinct

mention

He
in

It

concludes
cases

it in

frequently

occurs

Ebn

Myrepsus.
and

of

Baithar

medicinal

its

ingredient

an

as

gives

\drtues,

and

eyes,

piles,and

says

when

that

the

rubbed

it

Of

the

Greek

authorities

said

Symeon

in

need

we

it

the

the

useful

Scth

an

the

diseases

of

applicationto
is

excellent

is the

it

much

enter

not

genital member,
to be

of

with

well

particularlyin
a

younger.

antidotes

description of
so

agrees

that

the

Mesne

full

very

oil of it is

into

aphrodisiac. It is, moreover,

but

description of it by Serapion,
recommends
into particulars. He
the

of

works

the

strongly
cordial.

only one

that

APPENDIX

470

e;ives anything
three

kinds,

Chorasan

and

Sines

the

Like

of

animal
he

third

in the

cold

it

the

for

strength, and
antidote

volatile

strengthens

weak

of

head,

intemperaments

adapted

of

the

afiPections of the

in

of musk

in

the

in

gazelle.

animal

while

and

is hot

says,

the

the

As

dry

cinal
its medi-

to

is beneficial

and

in

hot.

It is

fainting fit,in

loss of

injuriousin

(De Alimentis.)

heart.

in Actuarius.

occurs

the

natui'e.

but

from

formed

ai-e

parts,

of persons

recovery

city east of
quahty is the

in

from

got
:Musk, he

orgasm.

degree, and

powers,

it is

describes

procured

says,

vit.

horn, resembling

one

that

states

He

next

is

he

kinds,

with

The

which

that

the

All

of sexual

state

of musk.

procured from

is

best

is

worst

an

Serapion

the

[book

account

Trepet (Thibet?).

(Chinese?).

umbihcus

distinct

which

of

called

Indian,

in

like

TO

Med.

(Meth.

An

6.)

v,

Vohibilis.
This
several
this
the

as

The

Mesuai,

with
he

describes

represents
;

thirds
ten

it
it

says
of

rheums

describe

being

rather
bile

Avhen
or

in

lebleb

doses

penidia. His

useful
is cold

says

the

along

with

cassia fistula and

bowels,

of from

and

next

Alkauzi

in indurations.
and
oil of

the

nature

terms

same

one

is to
an

article

third

Ijoiling,
by

relieves

as

say, he

to

means

of
two

of

authority,Isaac

ebn

it is cold

and

says
His

last

authority,

moistening, cholagogue,
almonds

first

Afterwards

bile.

than

of the

authorityof
of

cissus, that

medicine

Galen

fluxes

cutting

the

bowels.

and

the

of

laxative,

the

middle

adust

clai'ified without

Abix,

the

same,

in

the

it is deobstruent.

dry, is pm-gative and

the

from

it is

and

upon

acfin,

extracts

Dioscorides
eyes,

purges

powers

Galen

of sugar

savs

clearingout

of the

beginning

purges

in

the

ably
unquestion-

it loosens

describes
hot

in

says that

he

of the

it is

medicinal

pound,

drachms

Aim-am,

as

acfn

and
properties,

its
and

the

lebleb he

says

the

saline

some

Dioscorides

food

who

in

degree, dry

or

first is

to

under

example
cussus,

is described

and

as

it in

last

or

the

these

saying that
styptic,and quotes

the atthin is

bowels.

lebleb

Of

Of

Dioscorides

recommending

Aben

ivy,

For

plants.

the

maju.

Galen.

and

quotes
says

describes

or

KKTaog

Dioscorides

cUmbing

lebleb

atthin, and

and

the

Serapion

head

the

He

of

genera

authorities

Arabian

the

looselyapplied by

is

name

it proves

useful

and
in

coughs. (De Simpl. 42.)

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

under

Avicenua
and

under

but

the

(ib.169),

Cussus

of

former

suspicions that
]\Iesue

the

volubilis,applying
the

which

of

genera,

and

Helxine,

fourth,

which

Humulus

he

have

the

present

to

of

hops.

bile,

clears

infusion
he

adds,
the

oil

rose

of

oil of

other

separately in

the

next

drawn

of the

does

not

as

the

flowers

yellow bile.
by
of

of

the

(M.

M.

Greek

any

the

well

as

juices
Hindoo

N.

dolichos

above,

lebleb.

purge

Medicine.

and

white,

It

is every

is also

treated

They

represent

adust

bile.

See

bitter
the

describes
which

taste, hot

bowels,

and

head

the

of

scam-

thus

agree

Lupulus.

with

well

But,

and

stem

in

with

character

Lupulus

the

remedy

medicine

there

it
is

and

as

brought
dry

It

(Book

Wise

Abrong,
Serapion

by

deobstruent

sight to

the

its

its syrup,

treats

The

Roman,

any

that

not

to

which

purges

is not

noticed

the

exception

xxi, 50.)

Serapion.
which

by

nor

lebleb, noticed

The
was

296.)

He

to

Humulus

The

as

Humulus

of the

probably alludes
plant, as being a

writer,

Pliny. (H.

and

plasterto

first

at

seem

yellow

some

and

as

at

powers

little used

(i,24.)

he

Rutty remarks,

the

attention

away

it

the

others

medicinal

was

chapter.

virtues

acknowdcdged

as

"c.

mony

with

and

be

to

our

viscera,

internal

chamomile,

lupulus

it

says

recommends

protracted fevers

and
or

He

the

all the

for this purpose,

use

He

time.

of his

liver, and

asthma,

great

jaundice.

cures

physicians
of

is of

second

scammonium.

As

confine

the

rather

Greeks

blood, allays its inflammation,

the

whey

or

of the

he

the

says

manner.

the

Hedera,

(c.24.)

shall

we

create

species,or

gives of the
lupulus brings

which

account

He

of,

lax

Convolvulus

Costa

commentator

to

as

acknowledged

is

fifth the

the

already treated

been

the

and

the

Clematis

the

lupulus,

calls

liqmlus,

his learned

See

third

the

five distinct

probably

first is

the

Dioscorides,

elaboratelyof

most

treats

to

term

so

rather

in

term

{n, 2, 724),

of

Ktcrcroc

confusedly

who

author

ancient

is the

the

used

hedera

e.

the

describes

rather

these

he

Volubilis,i.

of

head

the

471

in

it
is

to

reason

of

by

suppose,

Avicenua

containing

as

well-known

of Hindoo

as

saltish

article in

Medicine,

10

1.)

Abrugi.

or

round
from
the

grain,spotted with black

Seni
(China?), having a

second

laxative

of

According

to

degree, a

vermifuge. (De Simpl. 153.)

TO

APPENDIX

4/2

Dodonseus

aud
and

vesicarium.

it is the

Parkinson,

under

represents
See

Theatre

[book

the

which

pea

of

name

the

vii.

latter

scribes
de-

cordatum

pisum

(1378.)

of Plants

Ribes.
This

has

been

See

full account

plant, and

that

it is

See

Baithar

full and

gives a

it groAvs

in

countries, but

the

and

mentions

to

the

Rhases

(Cont.

that

Spain;

recommends

Ebn

i, 582.)

also

He

the

it

the

on

Ribes

bitter

it

and

good
quoted

sherbet."
above

heart,

further

Dr.

plague.
is "the

the

and

hemorrhoids,

it in
; and

women

Ribes

Rheum

making

as

calls

He

praises

of

round

large,broad,

palpitation of

it in

(menorrhagia)

that

chapter

complaints,

same

1. ult.

it has

spots.

measles, smallpox,

521)

the

nearly

very

reddish

flux

it in

who

it in

marasmus.

red

M.

in

tender

and

(M.

now

interestingdescriptionof it. He
alpine localities in Sp'ia, and in the northern

not

and

astringent,
and

in

also

(ii,2, 581.)

vomiting,

it is

complaints, such as cholera,

hemorrhoids.
(De Simpl. 241.)

brieflyrecommends

leaves,

raspberry,but

and

smallpox, measles,

says

or

it in various

recommends

Avicenna

ribes

speciesof Rheum, namely the Rheum

Serapion gives a
Sprengel (R, H. H. i, 257.)
of it ; he
represents it to be a cold, astringent

"well ascertained
Ribes.

the

supposed

mends
com-

Royle

Riivas

of

Serapion,
allude

he

Does

says

Aurantium.
When

we

had

author
the

of

alibi.)

Ebn

Baithar

Susruta

and

work

somewhat
the

flatulence

says,

is carminative
removes

familiar

Wise's

Hindoo

that

pains

it

of the

and

the

Medicine

author

(140

produces
joints.

clothes.

Citrus

et
an

The

anthelminthic,

spots from
with

with

is enumerated

orange

orange

and

ancient

the

D^Hanvantare,
the

no

indigestible nature.

of

says

in

fruit,he

latter

to

Hindoos
the

of

and

that

unacquainted

were

we

orange,

poisons, and
have
been
long

antidote

See

the

In

is useful

of the

place (Vol.1, 134)

Baithar,

fruits,of

oil which
rind

the

Ebn

Susruta.
acid

Avith

in another

noticed

works

of the

stated

an

The

aurantium.

(p. 191.)

Limon.
We

are

now

inclined

to

think

that

we

were

mistaken

in

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

473

stating(Vol. I. 137) that the lemon was mentioned

His
descriptionis probably to be
2, 433.)
(ii^
Statice

limonium.

meclica

Limon

the

rind

is

is

described

fully

all

beyond

However,

appetite,improves digestion, renders

antidote
to poisons.
cordial, and an
in

the

It

Susruta.

(See

noticed

by

names

of

297.)

They

Wise

14-2

p.

Persian

the

also

appears

Leemoo
have

writers

the

on

and

Neemboo.

been

long

it particularly

known

times

the

by

Med.

(Mat.

Hindoos.

the

in

likewise

Medica

Royle

to

heart,

are

Materia

See

the

several

Lemons

alibi.)

ct

the

fragrant,is

recommends

noticed

says

excites

breath

He

be

to

Citrus
He

palpitation of

fevers^ exanthemata,

vomiting, "c.

the

aromatic,
the

the

to

Baithar.

astringent,and

bitter,acid,

referred

doubt,

Ebn

by

by Avicenna

See

(Hindoo Med.)
Margarita.
Greeks

the

Though

it does

not

the

practiceof

an

ingredient

medicine.
in

Avicenna

Med.
the

authority

in diseases

of
and

We

could

had

no

of

Arabian

several

Wc

wished

medicines
fuller

the

to have

the

de

their

cordial

but

would
'

beg

leave

de Medicinis

on
disquisition

to

(Dc

heart.
in this

do

of

them

describe

recommend

Simpl. 397.)

place,since

elsewhere,

so

parts

is consistent

our

it with
readers

Cordialibus.'

medicines

the

certain

dismiss

refer

to

whicli

in

operation.

we

have

tion
exposi-

an

respectiug the operation

subject could not be understood

explanation of
than

cines.
medi-

karabe

who

attenuant, and

given

this

as

ancients

writers,

as

Gemmis,

Arabians

reluctantlyobliged to

treatise

Arabians

hemorrhages, as dentifrices
especiallyas cordials in palpitations

of

opportunity
of

articles in

in

more

aflcctions

other

views

and

eyes,

teeth, but

the

convenient

of
are

of the

have

of the

without

the

with

classical

of

says

in diseases

cordial

by

among

pearls as being cold, desiccant, and

them

these

Electuarium

reckoned

were

used

used

celebrated

in the

passages

ever

were

acquainted

pearls,that they resemble

but
are
more
powerful in their
powers,
Cordial.) Serapion gives a fuller account

medicinal

upon

they

They

their

well

were

several

that

appear

(jNIesucde Elect.)and

(De

Romans
from

is obvious

pearl-mussels,as
authors,

and

He

very

higher philosophy
limits, wc

our

brief

Aviccnna's

there

operate

the

Avith
a

to

of

upon

gives an
the

of

notice.

elaborate

ingenious

animal

spirits

APPENDIX

474

and

and

dispelvapours,

the

basis of many

the

medicines

cordial

[book
views

first advocates

modern

TO

this

hypothesis on

described

which

him

by

have

vii.

formed

subject. Among
would

we

amber, gold, silver, citron, coral, cinnamon,

remark

camphor,

myro-

balans, hyacinth (the gem), lapis lazuli,myrtle, musk,

mace,

frankincense, silk,sandal-wood, tamarinds, zerumbet, zeduary,

One

"c.
which

will have
In

stones

cordial

as

great virtues

medicines.
He

pluries.)
that

cordial,

esteemed

highly

Wise's

and

medicines
which

the

we

the

modern

precious metals

Schroder

pensatory,
Dis-

(Chemical
''

they

balsam

of

clear

an

cellent
ex-

life,resists
spirits."
been

always
the

See

physicians.

are

the

have

precious stones

Hindoo

the

Susruta

(124.)

Medicine

Hindoo

the

to

putrefaction,and

other

by

and

pearls,that

of

strengthens

and

Pearls

See

says

poison, pestilence, and

(167.)

of

of this work.

Paracelsus

Arabians,

attributed

have

consists

section

subsequent

the

of

imitation

cordials

bile, namely, melanogogues,

of in

treat

to

alchemists
and

black

evacuate

of

class

important

Sericum.
have

We

mentioned
treated

medicines

silk, he

the

improves

medicine,
Like

Avicenna

ranks

he

recommends

it

the

palpitationem,

nostrum

the

corpus

various

of the

of it in medicine

the

authors
of them

quoted by

by burning it,and

he

tinctoriis

facultates
See

on

him

using

an

f.

ad
seu

enim

89,

and

ingredient

Ebn

Baithar

the

medicinal

describes

its ashes

the

gives the

alienationem,

It is also

written

and

of

one

granis

of Avenzoar.
had

silk in

pearls, karabe,

roborat."

of Costa.

of

medicines,

manifesta,

causa

Cord,

by Serapion.

which

ex

ej^es, in

Med.

forms

mentis

syncopem,

Antidotaria

One

to

cordial,

uses

with

Silk

Electuarium

sine

as

of the

the

cordial

cordial

especiallyraw

accuracy

28.)

dispensantesmirifice

Arabian

of silk.

and

considerable

interestingCommentary

in several
that

moerorem

the

complaints. (De

electuary of Mesne,
"

desipentiam,

other

c.

and

in affections

capacity along

followingimposing title,
cordis

useful

(De Simpl.

of

one

desiccative, acts

it with

this

in

musk.

ingredientsin

with

is

Silk,

[bombyx mori)

described

are

corals,and

proves

silkworm

The

and

liver and

of the

silk

Avicenna.

by

memory,

obstructions

ii,3.)

of

is attenuant

says,

that

above,

for

says,

the

perties
prouse

collyria

476

ArPENDIX

celebrated

in

modern

times.

See

described

It is thus

stone, but

less

so

agreeable

more

mines

where

from

the

mine

head,

speaks

of its

it, and

it iu

(Roy. Phar-

as

divested

of its outer

According

that

fact,

article

this

coat

parent.
trans-

does

they

iron."
rubbed

are

dispels frightsome dreams,

tourmaline, although
In

The

against the

magnet

Avhen

is

taken

it becomes

this is most

Beckmann

to

belongs

the

eyes

seal it

it.

obscurity in

and

red

which

When

as

the

to

of

strongly rubbed

chaff,

is

in the East.

when

been

useful

that

Inventions.)

probable,

has

redness

no

is discovered

it attracts

being

the

is

are

; but

opake

399.)

the

there

as

albuzedi

Hager

"

hyacinth,

is found

stone

properties,but

of

the

eye,

says

Mineral.
not

to

the

this stone

of the

with

(de

the

it is

When

He

than

to

this

by Serapion

lapidary,its goodness

hair

Cliarras

Moses

vii.

Albuzedi.

Hager

[book

147.)

macop.

by

TO

it bears

rather
it Avould

like the

some

the

to

bably
pro-

resemblance

hyacinths. (History
to

appear

preceding

was

highly

us

varietyof

ruby.
Hager Salachil, or Lapis
Several

best

he

mines
and

speciesof
is the

says
of the

it

red.

They
and

Romaus,

dentifrice.

described

are

It must

by Serapion, of which
brought, he adds, from

are

used

were

been

have

would

several

of

modern

authority thus

It is

the

washed,

finer

half

gem

like

or

Cornelian.

have

to

appear

been
of

kinds

flesh

bloody

The

it
like

"

in

The

the

general

of
The
for

sense

Simpl. 400.)

water

called

flesh

Carneolus
in

Cornelian.

or

wherein

found

are

Sardion

(Timasus.)

the

amulet

an

the

Sarda

it is

cornelians

best

Plato

used

hence

as

the

is
or

Sardinia."

(Chemical Dispensatory, p. IGO.)

Schroder

Tincar,
We

of

same

agates. (De

describes

transparent,

principallyas

the

Theophrastus (De Lapidibus),and

term

Corneolus.

treated

have

with

ChrysocoUa,
introduced

into

appears

to

us

soda.

It

was

no
very

of

which
medical
doubt
much

or

Borax.

article

this
it has

been

already under
often

practice by
that

it

used

was

for the

same

cure

head

confounded.

the

the

the

Arabians,
as

our

It
and

was

there

borate

of toothache.

of

of
See

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

authorities

the

quoted

under

477
It

Chj'ysocoIIa.

used

was

cinally
medi-

physicians. Sec the Susnita

(pluries).
by the Hindoo
Wise
(Hindoo System of Medicine, 117) ; Ainslie
(Mat. Ind.
57G) J Royle (Mat. Med. 97.)
Alcazaha.

Hager
is

It
stone

He

difficult

it is

says

from

white

when

worn

thus

used

used

for

it is

although

was,

determine

to

black,

to
as

amulet

an

holding

any

that
he

the

in

says

vessel

article

of

food

or

far treated

so

an

amulet,

melanogogue

medicine.

stones,

in

369)

thus

as

and

asthma,

as

It is

an

like

stone

with

stone.

It is in virtue

an

from

prepared

be

to

it, if

Lazuli.

It
but

golden

like the

to

drive

away

other

in

cious
pre-

be

to

useful

See

Serapion (De Simpl.

authority describes it

modern

the

flowers

flowers,harder

or

the

said

further

was

sapphire,or

stones

Cyanus

particularlycelebrated

more

It

under
like

used,

was

was

purgeth chieflymelancholy.
amulet

dreams

drink, prevents sleep.

emracnagogue.

adorned

it

disturbed

of this substance

(ii,256).

Avicenna
"

colours,

401.

have

divers

it, however,

and

preceding Commentai'y,

as

it occasions

precious

by Serapion.

is of

recommends

Lapis
We

this

described

and

Yemen,

and

by infants,

(De Simpl.

pretty minutely

from

brought

precisely what

Armenian
It is

frightsfrom

than

of

the Armenian

stone, but
about

worn

cyanus

weaker;

the

children,^^"c.

neck

for

Schroder,

(Chymic. Dispensat.)
Berengemish,

Serapion, after quoting

Araram,
second

of

says

degree,

digestion,

is

renders

We

Ocimum

description of
and

is useful

in coldness

of

hepatic

and

the

gives a

suppose

there

cordial

eructations
it

similar
is

no

in

similar

account

doubt

it from

dry
the

in the

Isaac
end

stomach,

cases.

"c.

His

(De

of

el)u
the

promotes

medicine, dispels

fragrant,

gariofilatum of Miller;

O. monachorwn.

Gariofilatum.

it is hot

it, that

recommend
Avicenna

Ozimum

or

choly,
melan-

other

thorities
au-

Simpl. 156.)

of it in all respects,

(ii,
2, 254.)

it is the

basil,

that
or,

according

clove
to

or

Sprcngel, the

APPENDIX

478

TO

[book

vii.

Behen.

Serapion brieflydescribes

roots, being brought from

fibrous
smell

with

Avicenna
of

holds

forming

and

(ii,2, 82),

also A^-icenna

that

semen.

of

it

aud
he

kinds,

secretion

the

increase

of

Armenia,

Both

viscidity.

some

and

humid,
See

varieties

two

consisting of
ha^-ing a good

Rhases

in addition

cordial

It is the

Centaurea

and

(De Simpl. 223.)

29.)
(Contin. 1. ult. iii,

semen.

it is also

hot

are

says,

Behen

its power

to

L.

S"pinach\a.
We
as

have

According

and

orthopnoea,

spinach [Spinachia oleracea)

the Arabians.

by

it is laxative

Avicenna

to

of the

article introduced

dietetical

treated

already

other

of

the

of the chest.

diseases

useful

for this

used

the

by

purpose
such

su])jectto

veiy

in diseases

of the

bowels,

useful

It is noticed

Rhases

by Serapion (De Simpl. 140) ; by

of spinach
Baithar
i, 671.) Ebn
says

terms

potherb, and

(Vol. 1, 113.)

that

neck

and

inhabitants

in like
1. ult.

(Contin.

it is

excellent

an

chest,being

of

in

much

who

Nineveh,

are

complaints.
Rhabarbarum.

We

stated

have

it

(317), that

speciesof

of the

seem

to

Book

I, 43,

and

VII,

that

the

the

doubt

be

was

introduced

far

the

no

by

are

the

the

decidedly that

of which

that

copious

most

of
are

we

that

Our

and

there

the

R.

of

are

four
On

nothing

of rhubarb

they

says

the

until

purgative

were

rhubarb

whom

acts

under

tion
examinaThere
rhubarb

Baithar
this

first
he

Paulus.

species

head.

species of rhubarb,

virtues

as

was

purgative
Ebn

the

discovered

would

learned

some

careful

of the

Rhaponticum,
of the

the Mat.

on

rhaponticum.

instructive

Dioscorides, Galen, Oribasius, and

physicians knew

from

general use

Arabians,

by

("sdii,
3)

the

was

perfectlydistinct.

CAidently means

it is stated

Tralhan

only

purgativerhubarl), at

or

satisfied
it

is the

author, however,

barbarum

rheum

which

regulartreatises

Although

11.

passage,

can

in the

Romans.

the Rheum

Rhabarbarum,
of

he

to

preceding Commentary

rhaponticum,

rheum

and

in the

Rheum

described

Greeks

allude

authorities

states

the

was

the rheum

Med.

of the

under

by
He

three

species,by

which

gives extracts

from

He

of the
near

is

to

deobstruent

says the

older

purgative kinds
his
and

time.

He

strength-

SIMPLES.

III.]

SECT.

connected

dropsy, jaundice, marasmus

complaints of
as

the

Turkish

He

He

states, that

of

gives a

the

distinct

very

(CoUig. V, 42.)
barum,

infusion, he
from

pounded,

It may

be

but

it is most

the

Romans.

And

now

with

is the

utility; and
we

into

of

pity that

the

rhubarb.
Rhabar-

and

Turci-

and

mends
recom-

and

and

de-

known

whereas

the

introduced

the

introduction

Rheum

close.

to

clude
con-

the

the

it to

to

on

on

1573,

of

place

eloquent eulogy

this

of
in

Appendix

work

other.

rhubarb

of

been

the

that

out

the

have

to

was

this

of

Sirapl. v),

tart

thought

the

and

with

little

encouragement

by

still

works

ture
Litera-

'

History

The

persons

be
!

old

were

them
from

suffered

to

should

translations
not

of

derived

What

language

few
who

thank

have

available

indebted

are

inventions

to

should

rich

! We

many

more
we

made

this

Arabs

for

benefits

being

acquainted
made

it

celebrated

have

their

dust, without

been

who

one

the

not

have

to

draw

people were

those

have

gree.
de-

highest

Discoveries.^

should

fully aware

What

rhubarb,

is

drs.

ten

(De

owe

be

his

knowledge
we

we

should

we

in

noble

for much

them

that

Beckmann^s

and

to

conclusion,

Loudon,

to

Arabians

What

"

the

speciesof

culinary or

it will not

trust

of Inventions

of

purgative

true

not

in

common

that

Professor

of the

kinds

appears

seem

mention,

to

probable

we

especially

most

them

He

Serapion would

it is time

But

all the

Rhapouticum

According

countiy.

praisesit

one

three.

the

proper

rhaponticum

other

particularlyserviceable
spleen,and jaundice. The dose

of the

to

one

and

Avicenna

fluxes,dyspepsia,and

three

says, is from

with

acquainted

with

the

render

in

and

being possessed of hepatic,stomachic,

as

dropsy, obstructions

of the

wine

namely, Indianum, Barbarum,

he ascribes
purgative powers,

properties,which

obstruent
in

of

describes

]Mesue

all of which
them

aromatic

useful

authorities,Averrhoes

account

Rhaued,

or

to

cum,

Arabian

diseases,

obstructions, especially

purgative quality in

the

other

mental

says it is most

an

nature.

possesses

Of

He

similar

stomachic.

in

in

with

also in uterine

spikenard,and

Indian

lac.

gum

taken

when

diarrhoea

chronic

with

combined

when

useful

viscera, is

internal

the

of all

ener

479

for

to

great
were

them.
moulder

shame

meet

that

with

which

so

exist

sufficiently
acquainted

480

SIMPLE

PURGATIVES.

[book vii.

either with

languagesor the sciences. On that account they

for the most part unintelligible,
are
uncertain,in many places
and
Even when
tained,
obscarce.
corrupted,
besides,exceedingly
the possessors
in the same
state as
are
prettymuch
those who make their way with greattroul)leto a treasure,
Avhich,
after all,
they are onlypermittedto see at a distance through

gate. Had

a narrow

for

an

But

abundant

supplyof Arabic

piogp^ayrvg,i)

Give of aloes

they who

0"

ON

IV.

SECT.

But

I stilltwenty years to

SIMPLE

PURGATIVE

administer

and
solely

it in the

evening
food spoil.It

stomachic.

Those

take it formed
do not

who

into

of three

for

evacuates

oboli,for

sion
occa-

yellow

in that

case

cines
purgativemedialoes alone

stomach,

endure

cannot

morning.

is

the bitterness of it may

that purgativemedicines

pills. It is manifest

by any one simpletemperament such as

(forthen all hot thingswould be evacuants,svich as pepper),
but by some
specific
propertyof their whole substance in

heat

like

manner

evacuate

as

the

those which

indurated
order

to

are

to

use

matter,

some

There

to

givento those whose

strong; to such

as

are

of

the

it,

system,and
to

or

certain mixed

are

treated of in

either
purgatives
dislodgeand remove

alterative to

of the afore-mentioned.

in
an

in

displace
any
cated
compli-

modes

Purgativemedicines are to be
firm and their understanding

powers
have passed the first stageof

to the last ; to those who

not

yet come

and

have collections of

not

very sanguineous. The

no

or

cines
purgativemedi-

been

drastic

or
as
diathesis,
change the temperament
an

offendinghumour.

Of

simplylaxative have

We

order to transfer

attracts iron.

magnet

are

the First Book.

be

the

the

after food

or

entirely
eccoprotic.But

being generallybad

hope

MEDICINES.

drachm,with honeyed water,in

one

could

learn Arabic.

jita/cp?j."

revvr]

for it makes
the
mischief,
if
less
the
to
extent
bile,
given
it proves

live,and

works,I would

have

matters
superfluous

best

seasons

and have
life,
strongstomach,

in the
for

body,and

are

purging,if there

the springand the

are
urgent necessity,

autumn.

On

the

medicines

vigour

and

to

apt

to

in

habits, and
rather

men

their

such

to

as

who

of

are

to

abound

urine,

disturbed

hot

in

and

to

or

those

whose

bitter

to

in

of

diy

ruddy

plexion
com-

whose

food

bellies

bile,are

eliola-

persons

persons

dark

women

stomachs,

to

give

may

are

stipated
con-

irascible,pass

and

dry food : in icteric,hepatic,

affections ; in phrenitis,
and pleuritic
cynanche, mania, cephalaea,ophthalmy, erysipelas,
leprosy,fevers, and to such as are
troubled
with collections of bile.
Aloes
is given to such as are
of the head, with ophthalmy, with thirst,
troubled
with heaviness
with

and

dechne

the

than

We

except winter,

season

any

481

bile.

evacuate

life and

spoil on

little

at

of

muscular
;

is

things which

those

gogiie

PURGATIVES.

SIMPLE

IV.]

SECT.

use

dreams

without

fever

such

; to

have

as

tion
sensa-

of

departingrigor; to those who pass acrid flatus,and have

seized with
are
gnawing pains of the intestines ; to those who
burning heat about the stomach, or nausea
producing eversion
of it ; and to those who
being troubled with a collection of excrementitious
bear
evacuations
matters
cannot
by clysters.
For it evacuates
the whole body, and does not occasion
disorder
and brings along with
of it unless given in very great quantitj^,
it any bile lying in the intestines,
bore
stomach, and gullet. Helle"

troubled

hemicrania,

with

and

viscera

those

in acute

diseases

requiringa cholagogue medicine, such

chronic

eyes

with

both

agrees

complaintsin
as

the

the
and

uterus

and

such

have

as

chest.

But

bladder

Avhen

as

and

those

maniacs,

defluxions

it suits most

those

of the

with

they require a

in

such
gogue
chola-

for chronic
affections of the
It is also proper
remedy.
trachea, for jaundice,exanthemata, lichen, herpes,erysipelas,
hellebore
and leprosy. Black
evacuates
bile,especially
yellow,
trouble.
Hence
it
without
is
from
the whole
and
body
given
to those
not affected with heavy fever, and
more
especiallyto
drachm
free from
of
such as are
fever,in the quantity of one
ing,
the roots triturated in honeyed water
or
plain water, while fastmix with it pennyinto pills. Some
with honey made
or
royal,
of the volatile stomachics.
or
some
Scamraony
savoury,
like hellebore, and
more
especially
yellow bile, but of
purges
all purgativemedicines
it is the most
to the stomach.
prejudicial
"

It

is,therefore,

and

such

with
iii.

as

have

to

be

given

to

those

strong stomachs,

salts, pepper,

ginger, or

some

to

who

are

the

amount

one

of

free

from

of four
the

fever,
oboli,

volatile
31

sto-

machicSj
with

gum.

with

along

or

The

"

like hellebore

nervous

parts, when
triturated

is to be

affections

who

have

the

pericranium

is

bladder.
like

chosen

; and

those

to

who

Elaterium

"

green

it is to be

given
of

hemina

one

bile like elaterium

the

juice

swallowed.
the

and

tongue

are

and

have

tops

of

oboli
and
to

in

and
The

is

mucus

nor

to

five

drops

quickly
ulcerate

they

acts
to

of
carious.

boiled

is to
in

be

Agaric has

"

slowly and

Iris purges

The

in

of

of

like

eight

hellebore,

similar powers
tha

drachms

two

in

like

with

not

very
when

manner

It

water.

ought

Centaury by purging

for

of

dried

prejudicialto

honeyed

small

drunk

The

"

white, brittle,and

very

eight oboli

hemina

of

amount

be

"

is not

weaker

are

amount

bile

evacuate

of wind.

the

the

to

who

whole.

them

given

They

lUyrian

"

be

particularlyadapted

decoction

centaury,

cuates
eva-

spurge,

purging, who

those

But

swallow

must

are

given

amount

is

be

is to

and

mouth

is

as

turated
oboli, tri-

or

require much

them.

It should

be old

and

chew

water.

carious.
the

kidneys

year,

polenta

in

Lathyrides (a speciesof
and
They are to be
scammony.
fifteen
as
eight,or as many

seven,

breaking

water.

nor

to

to

the

It

honeyed

not

Peplium

honeyed

stomach.

given

to

colocynth,but

the

of three

the

in

the

Such

Four

with

long

robust

stomachs,

occasion

woody

of

are

as

directed

the

mixed

also

on

the

Tithymallus,

"

under

"

amount

bad

than

amount

or

surrounding parts.

such

be

to

about

scammony.

bile like hellebore

spurge) purge
given to the
grains to

milk.

if retained

For

the

to

and

given,

are

older

not

those

likewise

like scammony.

evacuates

and

to

deflusions

affections

rough

cephalsea;

coughs

it

meninx

the

with

chronic

have

leeks, light,and

with

of

and

its

labouring

chronic

spasms,

in it. But

given

when

troubled

those

or

in

ulcerations

be

those

as

and

drachm

otherwise

is to

the

nerves

one

parts produce

affected, such

hemicrania,

cases

because

from

the

boiled

rue

It

pills
Colocynth

not

of

head, namely,

orthopnoea, asthma,

arthritic
or

of the

epilepsy,ajioplexy,cynic

eyes,

has

by sympathy.

affections

vertigo or

which

internal

from

amount

long time,

particlesstickingin the
nervous

but

vii.

into

fruit of the

matters,

the

to

formed

also

mucous

water

for

is

scammonv,

given

cyathi of honeyed

two

and

and

[book

part of the

medullary

blood

It

honey.

especiallybile

evacuates

in

PURGATIVES.

SIMPLE

482

cases
a

water

of ischiatic

drachm
until

and
it be

bile

disease.
half

reduced

of
to

belly,chest,
They

disease

ischiatic
but

they

are

are

drunk

with

phlegm.
Avater

of

pituitous;

or

of

cases

dropsy

white

of

and

Storax,

of the

wine

or

of Olive

root

water

oboli

nine

the

to

of

amount

of

one

Pellitory,with

of

of

seed

the

-,

Garlic, with

form

anorexia

mucous

those

from

Lychnis [camjnon); one

drachms
two
of Sow-bread, with hydromel
root
honey ; ground Pine, triturated and given in the

of the

di'achm

bark

drachms

tAvo

of

cases

di-achm

One

"

flux.

copious running

joint becomes
particularlyadapted for
anasarca.

female

vii.

equal quantity of turpentine rosin, evacuates

with

drachm,

have

who

the

of

cases

the

when

an

The

"

[book

expectoration,with

called

which

in

and

those

thick

and

nose

stomach

or

also with

agree

the

of

PURGATIVES.

SIMPLE

484

half

pills;

flakes

of the

drachm

of

with

copper,

bile

an

drachm

strongly.
purges
equal quantityof rosin,in pills,
oboli of the bark
of
leaves of Bay ; two
and half of the green
of
the root
of the wild Cucumber;
forty seeds of that specie's
ricinus

(which
of

of that

half

same.

some

Bdellium,

strippedof

Crotones

called

call

chamseraphanus),

with

hydromel

for defluxions

the

on

and

bark

eaten, do the
with

Parsley connected

of

part

their

"

is

root

drachms

two

eaten;

Gum

but

when

the

adapted
particularly

eves.
V

ivMch

Medicines
in

gogues

with

ulcers

with

accompanied

of the

flakes

water;
it be

The

"

the

touch

water.

boiled

honeyed

water,

water

purges
seed

of

with

oboli

Eight

"

perfume,

drunk

of

evacuate

Avhen

Cnicus,
small

honey,

when

drunk

Cnidium

when

boiled

stomach,
to

be

the

seed

water.
with

triturated

"

drachm

swallowed

that

its

it may

Twenty,

to those

who

but

are

Euphorbium,

more

like

in

Five

drachm

evacuates

manner,

drachms

togetherin ptisan^are
One

lest

water.

of

Cneorum,

polenta.

"

ates
evacu-

especially
rough Spleenwort, with

"

quantity of salts.
in honeyed water,

drachm

strijjpedof

given,and

of

have

water

honey,

phlegm,

evacuates

be

CAacuates

One

"

with

also

who

One

honeyed

must

with

drunk

or
thirtygrainsare
twenty-five,
as
forty.
stronger, as many

drunk

with

ascites ; to

those

to

"

Granum

orifice of the

called

copious discharge.

drunk
Copper, when
but
little vinegar
a

vomited.

and

of

bark, triturated, and

not

whites

the

give hydra-

to

are

variety of dropsical disease

that

troubled

women

We

water.

evacuate

of

water.

of the

swallowed
Ammoniac
Some

give

SIMPLE

IV.]

SECT.

bark

of the

of two

spleen with

of the

it in affections

with

ounces

Commentary.

485

wine,

The

oxycrate.
"

drunk

Elder-tree, when

of the

root

PURGATIVES.

evacuates

the

to

the

amount

water.

philosopher Aristotle

The

juice of

thus

explains his

Comm.
"

When
purgatives
respecting the action of purgatives:
and
there
the
are
are
stomach,
dissolved,they are
conveyed to
carried
the
as
not
food, and when
they canby the same
passages
be digested,but their prevailingpower
remains
unsubdued,
them, and
they return, and carry with them whatever
opposes
"

ideas

this

is

See

called

purging." (Problem. 43.)

Aphrodisiensis(Probl.ii,58.)

Hippocrates administered
time
boldly,but at the same
and
We

he

do

freely

against the

of them

in

several

and

able
unseason-

parts

of his

theory, however, of the modus

the
operandi of purgatives,nor
on
cases
general remarks
any
in which
in any of the Hippocratictreatises
they are applicable,
which
are
now
acknowledged to be genuine. Some
ingenious
be found
this subject in the work
remarks, however, may
on
'De

Nat.

not

has

chapter

curious

and

marina

little salt

and

not

are

which

valuable

He

matter.

which
the

says

[eupliorhiaparaVias ?), the

but

to

be

he

holds

that

when

given

milk

purgatives

of

them

when

the

the

when

there

is obstruction

pain

there

with

bile
is

it, and

or
or

head

feels

in the

phlegm,

and

several

the

the

devoted

other

to

the

the

the

of

use

modus

theoiy

are

rules,

highly
of

approves

eves

and

are

when
is

misty,
there

is

oppressed
section
vene-

will not

admit

system
He

mentions

purgativemedicines.

treatise

operandi
that

The

dyspnoea, when

(v,12.)

cases,

with

stomach,

them,

stomach

is

of the

complete

question regarding

decidedlyinclines

bowels,

there

powers

Asclepiadcstotallyrejectedthe
has

the

when

the

He

when

when
hip-joint,

indicated,but
in

heavy,
of

of asses,

fever is present.

any

he

Galen

ancient

more

hurt

for the administration

lays down
judicious, and deserving of consideration.

of

contains

purgative medicines
very freeh^,such
hellebore, polypody, squama
seris,the milky juice of

black

lactuca

purgative medicines

on

various

physicians gave
as

any

humana.'

Celsus
much

find

medicines

cautions

administration

rash

works.

purgative

Alexander

also

every

to the

of

that

(i,3.)

discussion

of

purgatives. He
purgative by some

"

486

specificproperty

CoMM.
'

SIMPLE

PURGATIVES.

attracts,,and

[book

it were,

as

sucks

mi.

it

to

the

'
'

humour
the

"svhich it has

to

medicine

yellow bile, melanogogues

Galen

Although
this

flatters

hypothesis,we
and

one,

believe

have

that

as

Pui'gatives into Chola-

Phlegmagogues.
maintained

that

juices presented to it, into

that cholagogues convert
them

thus

manner

the

converts

natiu'e
specific

own

divides

Hydragogues, and
hypothesis of Erasistratus,who

rejectsthe

each

He

alliance,in like

Melanogogues,

gogueSj
He

iron.

attracts

magnet

uatui'al

black

into

himself

long

that

looked

bile, and

the present time

at

it

upon

into

forth.

so

eflectuallv

he

its

demolishes

plausible
prevailingopinion

as

the

very

in the

in that direction.
For example,
professioniuchnes much
and
dark
dischargeswhich are brought off"by mercurial
green
purgatives,are now
generally supposed to be occasioned

the

the

by
the

fluids

in the

medicine

ancient

administered.
has

author
of

secretions

It

given

Erasistratus.

entering into combination

us

is to
clear

Galen

be

gives

regretted that

expositionof
long list of

with

the

no

thesis
hypoin

cases,

which

as
piu'gatives
eiysipelas,epilepsy,
prove beneficial,such
chronic
apoplexy, gout, rheumatism, melancholy, and many
insists strongly on
the benefit derived
from
complaints. He
of jaundice. (De purg. Med.
xi.)
cholagogues for the cure

Antyllus,
theory which
and

that

malignant

from
our

act

bv

attracting the

recommends

works

and

directs

patient's constitution, and

accordingly, as
be

various

which

thev

complaints, as
ulceration, and

subject,given by Oribasius,

of Galen

Ruff'us

limits.

for

to

23.)
(iii,

of this

account

them

humours

diseases, spontaneous

cutaneous

afi'ections.

the

preserved by Aetius, espouses the

the
specificoperation of purgatives,

extract

maintains

He

rheumatic
The

an

thev

allied.

are

in

there

is

acted

upon

Ruff
the

It

us.

surgeon

regulate

the

is
to

too

lengthy

consider

dose

is taken

of the

weU

for
the

medicine

great difi'erence in the susceptibility

by purgatives. The following is

list of the
a
by Ruffus in this fragment :
Polypody, iris,colocynth,phacoides (a speciesof spurge olive ?),
peplos, pephum, aloe, hippophaes, hippophaestum, clematis,
of persons

to

purgatives described

pycnocomon,

vines, thyme, epithyme, marjoram, Greek

poppies, cucumber,
moides, the

the

tithymalli

smaller
or

heliotrope, the

spurges,

the

savory,

lesser

sesa-

chamelaea, lathyris.

PURGATIVES.

SIMPLE

IV.]

SECT.

487

His
descriptionof the operation of Comm.
euphorbium.
each medicine
bespeaks a good acquaintance with the subject.
(Meth. Med. iii,7.)
(Med. Collect, vii,26.) See also Actuarius

agaric,and

'

Abbas

Haly

makes

acute

some

remarks

the

purgative,he says, attracts

Different
opinions,he adds,

Every
it is allied.

such

when
its

medicine

is
is

humour

cognate

in this

operandi

modus

regarding the

swallowed,

been

which

both

peculiar fluid, as
adopts

has

medicine

from

the

the

magnet
He

modification.

such

body

been

the

that

maintain

others

does
states

his

as

bowels

the

to

He

mentions
its

attracts

of

this

theory

its cognate

fluid

suiTOunding parts,to which all the similar fluids in

afterwards
determined, being conveyed thither

are

veins.

gives a

He

of all the

full account

he

when

opinion that,

it attracts

swallowed,

that,
where

expelledby

medicine

iron ; and
it

entertained

are

expulsive faculty of the part, and return

together. This theory, however, he rejects.
that

which

to

to the members

the

further

of Cathartics.

maintain

Some

case.

action

humour,

have

it goes

lodged, from

the

on

the

by

purgativesknown

vocated,
theory is ad(Pract.iii,53, 54.) JNIuch the same
and fullyexplainedby Serapion. (De Autidot.
vii,10.)
of
Galen
and
Rhases
Avicenna
object to the doctrine
maintained
is a peculiar
that
there
that
he appears
to have

in his time.

between

alliance
fluid

the

that,
which

which

humour

or

there

as

purgative

is

alliance

no

it attracts,

the

between
like

with

manner

they evacuate.
peculiar fluids which
precise exposition of the
only a more
is

theory

also

See

which
He

vital,or,

the

There

naturts, and
Nature

Nature,

in
and

to

appears

is

be

the

it is

as

now

called,animal

heat

of the

applied,whereby its attractive powers are

maintains
ingeniously that purgation is
very
that

iron

purgatives and

it is

Nature,

argue

the

He
theory of INIesue.
gative
says that a purincrease
operates by occasioning a preternatural

medicine
of

they
and

This, however,

(Canones universales.)

]\Iesue

in
originality

some

stated

acutely

very

class and

theory advanced
by
Avicenna
(i,4, 4.) The ancient
(Collig.v, 21.)
by Averrhoes

(Cont. xii,1) ;

Rhases

certain

magnet

the

Galen.

it attracts, whereas

is it in

so

of

medicine

is

to

that
this
not

say,
the

case,

the

an

operation

medicine

for, lie

adds

is

of

the

vis

part

to

increased.
act

an

of

medicatrios

of
merely the instrument
(as Hippocrates says),it is

physician,that

cures

diseases.

pur-

'

'
*

of Nature.

power

it to

he

do

from

from
difficulty
impacted there.

of

rule

added

to

the

On

he

render

ancient

and

limits.

the
the
not

gives
are

are

for

highly

Aromatics
the

same,

their purgative

by lubricating the intestines,accelerate

easier;

it

of

arrangement

and

substances

sweet

their

diminish

and

less nauseous,

them

render

which

for

too

unctuous,

operation,and

their

emetics,

says,

our
lengthy
bitters do
says, dispelflatus ;
stomach; saltish things increase

but

powers;

he

of purgativemedicines
qualities

noxious

strengthen the

and

easily; still
greatest possible

the

directions

The

they are
purgatives,he

important,

weather,

hot

indicated.

correcting the

intestines

the humours
joints,especiallywhen
forbids
He
purgatives to be given in
cold ; in this practiceobserving
of hot or

Hippocrates. In

purgatives,are

and
less

veins

with

from

humours

the

either

extremes,

liver,and

the

from
difficultly

more

attracting

Purgative medicines,

meseraic

the

of

has

magnet

attractingstraws.

of

readily;

so

the

the

different

they

which

property

faculty of clearing away the

parts of the body; from the stomach

have

says,

the

"

the

amber

and

iron,

attractive

illustratingthe

in

acts

joins the

He

vii.

by rousing the expulsive

ever,
preceding authorities,howof purgatives,
paring
by compower

lie argues,

gative medicine^,then,

CoMM.
"

[book

PURGATIVES.

SIMPLE

488

acrimony.
Dr.

purgative medicines

It is impos:
sible
following pertinent remark
to the
to concede
opinion of Dr. Hamilton, that the
tinct
disdo
not
different
possess
species of purgative medicines
be
to
difi'erent species of matter
the
over
powers
for revivingthe
the
evacuated
contrary, there is reason
; on

Paris

"

the

makes

different

these
cathartic

medicines

cholagogues,
thus

"

ancient

We

have

very

of the

in

learned

Dr.
essay

Alston

knowledged
ac-

operations of

the

appropriatenames

(Pharmacop.)

"c."

doctrine

the

under

distinctions

which

and

theory, too inconsideratelyabandoned,

ancient

of

hydragogues,

likewise

in confirmation

writes
of the

specificoperation of purgativesby

Dr.

into the
(Lond. 1740, in 8vo.) I shall not enter
controversy, but only observe that there is nothing impossible,
improbable in the theory." (Lectures.) See a learned
yea, nor
Bibliotheca
dissertation
the action of purgativesin Mangeti
on
G.

Martyn

'

Anatomica,^ i, 159.
in

his Materia

Medica

We

may

mention

inclines

to

the

further
Galenic

specificoperation of purgatives,(c. viii.)

that Dr.
theorv

Murray
of

the

On

Most

of

these

therefore

do

not

Cholagogues.
kuoM-n, and

well

PURGATIVES.

SIMPLE

IV.]

SECT.

See

greater length.

489

medicines

be

require to
(iii)and

also Aetius

Comm.
sufficiently

are

treated

of at

Oribasius

(M.

foUoAving

table

'

Col.

vii.)
author

Arabian

The

Cholagogues

the

gives

Mesne

Valenter.

Clementer.
Aloe
.

Trahendo

Agaricus.

et

Asarum.

Absintliiiim

astringendo,

Rosa

flavie:

Aristolochia.

aliae

nam

Bryonia.
Cyclaminus.
Cucumer
agrestis.
/

Rhabarbarum
aliud

vacuant.

Wyrobalaui
Cliolagogaf

of

Pruna.

Radices
Indi

Tamar
Cassia

Dracunculus

Astringendo.

arum.

Esula.

i\Ianiia.
Viola

et

Elleborus.

nigra

Hermodactylus.

t Liibricando.

Iris.

Psyllium

SciUa.

phi.

etiam

Adiantum

LTurbith.

It
with

which

Greeks

the

tamariudi,
have

perceived

be

will

manna,

ab'eady given

Section.

some

several

articles

Of

all these

account

in the

substances

Appendix

the

to

tamarinds, the fruit of

we

Third
Indian

an

He
signifyinga date.
says, that
for repressingthe acrimony of the
they are excellent medicines
humours, purging bile,cooling the heat of the blood ; that they
inflammation
of the stomach
prove useful in hot fevers,jaundice,

palm-tree,

word

turbith.

the

calls

INIesue

list contains

unacquainted, nameh^, myrobalani,

were

and

this

that

the

liver,and

and

hurting

with

give them
in the

commentators

are

Greeks
been

have

herb, having
as

his

their

states

that

Serapion says,
third degree.

leaves

like

commentator

this is
Mesne

rants
refrige-

prevent them

calls

Manardus

they are

ters
charac-

desiccants
ranks

desiccants
that
the

them
of

the

the

earlier

tripolium of

generallyacknowledged

now

ferula,but

that

to

fennel, or

medicinal

Averrhoes

decidedly of opinion,

mistake.

To

mastich, wormwood,

Avicenna

turbith,but

was

calls them

coldness, he recommends

of the
third, and
refi'igerants
order.
We
have
ah'cady mentioned,

second

ever,

their

the

among

to

by

order.

second

spikenard, mace,
terms.

same

the

stomach

refrigerants in the

and

the

of

calefacients.

such

any

the

He

they stop vomiting.

that

desiccants

and
from

tamur

it the

smaller.

remarks,

of

milky
Proba])ly,liow-

root

there

is

some

'
"

in the

mistake

CoMM.
'

Moses

Charras,

chosen

by

its

it

no

which

within,

and

sents
repre-

in

given

is

powder,

drachms.

two

Cholagogues particularlyin jaundice,

of the brain, mania, epilepsy,erysipelas,

aff'ections

inflammatory

to

is

Mesue

It is

purgative.
one

white

fibrous.

vii.

author,

milky root,

and

there

as

modern

without,

is hard

of from

amount

recommends

Serapion

of

dark-coloured

which

ferula^

accurate

bark

the

[book

the

An

hot, nauseous

to the

savs,

calls

pith,

it to be

it to

them.

weight,

its

from

clear

of

comparison

between

resemblance

he

PURGATIVES.

SIMPLE

490

cines
the
He
describes
following mediherpes, and tertian fever.
hellebore,
as
cholagogues : aloes, southernwood, black
colocynth,agaric,elaterium, two speciesof mezereon,
scammony,

lily,centaury, polypody, birthwort,

myrobalans (the yellow, the black, and the chebulic),pomegranate,
substances
cassia fistula,-violet,
ivy, and two Arabian
lathyris,the

last two

Medica

We

unable

are

what

determine

to

the

were.

thus

Contracta,'

his

INIargravius,in

writer, Chi'istianus

modern

the

alterariabin.

and

anabac

of

root

the

enumerates

Materia

'

his

of

cholagogues

time.
Cholagoga,
Cassia,

tamarindi, succusque

manna,

Alpinus gives an

Professor

Med.

cholagogues. (Meth.
said

to

scientific

pelos hexandra.
9.
12.

7.

15,

varietyof

convohnilus

the

suaveolens.

20.

communis.

Uicinus

25.

Suj)tachetta.

cardiospermum.

26.
Of

Abrus

chebula.

11.

Costus

23.

the

particularlycommended.

speciosus.

Hindoo

ternata.

fistula.
14.

Jelaka?.
19.

27,

24.

Poa
17.

Bignonia
tiuctoria.

Eiiphorbia.

Hahcacabum

turbet, myrobalans,

(On

tur-

Cessam-

Cassia

Indigofera

Calotropis gigantea.
these

6.

aspera.
16.

the

polyandrum.

Clotoria

8.

18. Ramaku.

21.

are

give

we

precatorius.

Shabraba.

turpethum.

ancient

Convolvulus

Croton

spontaneum.

Terminalia

22.

3.

1.

Acheranthes

13.

Saccharum

cvnosurides.

oil,are

10.

zeylanica.

Plumbago

Asclepias geminata.

of convolvulus.

kind

5.

tuberosum.

Anthericum

the

Hindoos;

the
Wise

Dr.

of

following medicines

frumentaceum.

Panicum

aloe.

account

The

iii,9.)

given by

as

2.

accurate

purgatives by

as

names

pethum.
4.

used

be

rosarum,

mjTobalani, rhabarbarum,

Scammonium,

and

Medicine.)

castor

Averrlioes

CoMM.
'

'
"

PURGATIVES.

SIMPLE

492

medicine

On

that

states

of this class.

[book

lapis lazuli

the

the

is

most

vii.

potent

(CoUig. v, 43.)
Mesue's

Fhlegmagogues.

list is

follows

as

Valenter.

Clementer.

fEuphorbiuni.
Opoponax.

rCnicus.

I Lupulus.

Phlegmagoga"^
Hyssopus.

Lachryraa

I^Eupatorium
etiam
cholag.

( Scammonium.
1 Sagapenum.

l^Sarcocolla.
directs

Serapion
of

habit, in cold

cold

with

little

list is

from

different

the

as

the

Phlegmagoga

His

Margravius

merates
enu-

"

agaricus,tuvpeth,mechoaca,

Carthamus,

affected

hemorrhages.

author's.
follows

to persons

those

to

year,

sciatica and

our

phlegmagogues

medicines

these

of

seasons

apoplexy, in

and

anasarca

administer

to

us

jalappa,

Eniblica, bellirica;,chebula;, colocynthis,amara,

Hermodactylus, euphorbium,
On
tree

commended

are

section
There
We

are

is

Arabian,

correspond

of

receiptfor

that

which,

with

the

the

on

and
reckons

that

is

in doses

Post

of

of

was.

the

among

modern,

authorities,
author.

our

purgative salt, a

It also

into

enters

10.)

See

gnidium,

coccum

fifteen

grains it
humours

the

drastic

is

or

the

the

mentary
com-

fruit of the

strong purgative,

in

dropsy.
purgatives.

hydragogues is nearly the

list of them
followingis INIargravius's
the

gratiola,
atque

ebuli

Soldauella

cneoros

Mesne

the

and

9
(ii,

peris among

The
Esula,

the

See

fistula,the

given by

cneoros

principally

squama

author's.

the
cassia

by

the

serous

Serapion'saccount
our

elder-

Section.

next

evacuates
the

as

an

Prosper Alpinus says of the

thymelfea,

the

was

stated

ingredient of
given by Apicius.

is

which

of

account

purgatoriiof Myrepsus.

sales

it

Prosper Alpinus among

ammoniac

Gum

think

to

characters
and

Sydenham.

in determining what
difficulty

some

inclined

medicinal

and

the

Book.

Third

in the

Dropsy

on

Boerhaave

by

sagapenum.

hydragogue propertiesof

The

Hydragogues.

opoponax,

semen,

et

ireos succus,
succus,

virens, et gummi

mechoaca,

cortexque elaterium,

gutta,jalappa.

same
:

He

as

PURGATIVES.

COMPOUND

v.]

SECT,

V.

SECT.

PURGATIVES.

COMPOUND

ON

493

medullary part of colocynth^ p. j;

of sciimmony,
the juice of wormwood,
p. j ; of aloes, p. j ;
with
water
pillsof the size of a chick-pea. The
ij; make

Pills
of
p.

dose

the

Of

aloes.

from

xj grains.
oxymel of

The

iij;

oz.

rue^

of thyme,
(capillary-leaves?)

of the hair

j; of

iris,oz.

Of

Julian.

the

of

root

mandrake,

oz.

of

marjoram,

oz.

iv; of dill,oz.

oz.

iij;

iss; of

iss; of agaric, oz.

ij; of

Cnidium, oz. iv; of

pines, oz. xij; of the granum
lathyrides,oz. iij; of alypias,oz. iij; of polypody, oz. ij;of the
cassia-leaf (malabathrum), oz.
j ; of costus, oz. j; of spikenard,

fatty dead

oz.

j;

of

the

of rha

Ponticum,

iss ; of

oz.

of

iij;

elder-tree, oz.

squills,oz.
which

canopus,

iij;of

the

is the

bark

tops
of

iij; of asarabacca, oz. j; of pennyroyal, oz. iij; of

of thyme, oz. ij;of hellebore, oz. ij; ofsweetflag,oz. ij;
dodder
of water-parsnip,oz. j ; of amomum,
oz.
j ; of St. John^s wort,
oz.
j ; of cumin, oz. j ; of anise,oz. ij;of vinegar, ten sextarii;of

elder, oz,

in the
the herbs
vinegar for
honey, five sextarii : macerate
half be
than
three days ; then, having boiled it until more
one
the
the
add
having strained, add
honey, and
consumed,
Cnidium, and the spikenard
lathyrides,the costus, the granum

full dose

The

It is useful
at

gouty

affections

time

same

to

cloves, of

of

thyme,

rha

oz.

epilepsies
; and

and

evacuate

cloves.

of

Ponticum,

dose

each,
is

Cnidium,

granum
oz.

ss;

of

when

dislodge thick

or

"purgativehydragogue from

The
of

the

is

in

please,after it is fullyboiled,the oxymel.

j ; or according to the patient^sstrength.

if you

triturated,and,

Of
of

euphorbium,

we

quire
re-

humours.

aloes, of

dodder

of
stone-parsley,
scr.

iv; of honey,

spoonful.
Of
Tfie purgative medicine
from rhodomel, of Alexander.
two
the juice of roses,
sextarius; of
sextarii; of honey, one
iv,
A full dose is five spoonfuls,a small, two,
oz.
scammony,
of honey, lb. j;
dose three
medium
a
spoonfuls. Otherwise:
The

s.

q.

one

^"

of the

mastich,

of
I

juiceof

use

oz.

ss;

having

of

lb.

roses,

dr.

iv;

j; of
of

and

ginger, dr.

spikenard,of asarabacca, of

macerate

boiled

in
it to

a
a

hemina
moderate

dr. viij;
ij;of scammony,
ij. Otheriinse,one which
of thyme, of each,
dodder

dr.

pepper,

of

"

water

degree,

for three
mix

with

days;
the

and

water

of the
and

juice of

half

roses,

boiled

having
the

to

of

amount

oz.

triturated

it,give one

The

citron, and

honey, sprinkle of
The

of pepper

of

of the
of

pickled

oz.

olives

moderate
A

v;

dr.

iv; of

of

honey,
A

each,

j;

oz.

of dodder

euphorbium,

mix

the

oz.

other

Of

each,

of

mony
scam-

of

j;

The

is

oz.

fennel,
it

derately,
mo-

ounce.

of pepper,

j; of

oz.

stone-parsley,of

dose

rue,

laserwort,dr.

is v,

dr.

scammony,

of

j;

roasted

one

dr. iv ; of

each,

scammony,

scr.

The

j;
of

heminse;
add

Some

ix.

vij,or

iv; of euphorbium,

(malabathrum),dr. ij;of

dr.

pepper,

ij;

j.
Of

posca.

of pepper,

vi;

Cnidium
two

cumin,

of

fennel,

add

Some

oxy crate.

the

pounded

oz.

Of

dr.

j; of
strippedof

of
ss;

ij.
also

the
its

of

root

iij;of
capers,

bark, dr.j; of
of

heminse;
in

the

honey,

wine,

and

triturated.
salts

common

bread,

ss; of

scammony,

is

oz.
squills,

squills,macerate

dried

dose

Of

cases.

balls; of wine, twelve

things when

each,

j.

baked

of

oz.

for dropsical

Purgative salts.
seed, of ginger, of
each,

j; of

oz.

pepper,

amount

scruplesin the

granum

iij. Having

of

of

iv.

scr.

malabathrum,

pepper,

sextarius

consistence

j ; having

cumin,
of

mint,

stomachic

wine

purgative

the

the

fish-sauce.

is two

parsley-seed,oz.

oz.

and

pennyi'oyal,of parsley,of anise, of each, oz.

of each, oz. j; of salts,oz.
thyme, of scammony,

of

leaf

lb.

honey,

scammony,

dose

of

of

of

iv; of

half

vinegar, two
honey, oz. v;
sextar.
(namely of schistous),one

The

bark

sextarius

of

and

full dose

dr.

of

of

of the

j, in

Of

j;

of

j.

The

long

parsley-seed,of

trochisk.

purgative

of

Having

v.

strength.

acquire the

Buccellatus.

toasted

of

it

of

the cassia-leaf
lb.

scammony

j.

oz.

Of

quantity of

purgative

the

left; add

until

hippocras to

leaves

green

dates,

oz.

thyme,

sextariusj

oz.

Boil

lb.

same,

be

powder

called

olives.

Purgative
dodder

boiled

and

in

give

third

leaven,

anise, of each,

of

flesh of the

the

purgative

j;

oz.

in

vii.

quinces,oz. iv;

j; of honey,

citrons.

purgativefrom

having

roasted

dr.

roasted

spoonful,according to

of the

and

honey,

Of

from quinces.

of viater, until

half

half

honey,

acquireconsistence,add

of scammony,

ss;

stomachic

it

[book

iss.

oz.

medicine

purgative

of

asextavius;

it until

of pepper,

PURGATIVES.

COMPOUND

494

one

of

toasted, dr. \'j

; of parsleyeach,
of

spoonful.

scr.

dodder

vj;
of

of

anise, of

thyme,

of

COMPOUND

v.]

SECT,

PURGATIVES.

495

Of
hermohermodactyhis.
podagric purgative from
dactylus,oz. iij;of anise, of Ethiopian cumin, of bishop^sweed,
of ginger, of each,
of thyme, of white
of the
clusters
pepper,
The

scr.

iij;of

give

scr.

dodder

cnicus,
scammonv,

because

evacuation

be

scammony

from
Of

the

with

morning

iv;

scr.

dose

is

Of

hippocras,

hermodactylus,

ij;of musk,

iv with

scr.

it is bad

for

one

hydromel.
stomach.

the
the

three

scr.

We

reject

But

dose

j; of

oz.

vj;
siHqua; of
if

more

siliquseof

lapis Armenicus, given principallyin

arthritic

vj; of agaric,oz. j; of
dodder
of thyme, oz.
j; of lapisarmenicus, scr. xij; of cassia,
oz.
j; of spikenard, oz. j; of baked
squills,oz. ij; of saffron,
dose is scr.
The
scr.
xij;add to rhodomel.
ij.
The
pvrgatii'efrom coronopodium, applicable in the same

cases.

cases

that

as

from

of pepper,

ij;

scr.

aloes,oz. iv; of

some

heated.

required, mix with

give after the bath.

Pills

in the

is

anise, of agaric,of ginger, of each,

of

The

ij.

dose

the

ij;of spikenard, scr.

scr.

scr.

ss

otherivise.

purgative

same

mastich,

oz.

strong wine

or

Ethiopian cumin,
of

thyme,

It is administered

vj.

honeyed water,
The

of

cnicus,

iv;

scr.

hermodactyhis,

of

the

vj ; the

from

of pepper,
dose
A

to

size of

Having
allowing the

sweet

oil,and

them

to

black
them

the

evacuated
reduced
oil

pap

one

up

being

of

night
the

to

of

plantain (coronowhose

which
twenty-three siliquse,

make

those

to

After

bread

and

eggs

of rue,

leaves

in

of

cases

ivishes

evacuation,

for food.
Of

of

Cyrenaic juice,
The
each, dr. j
.

oil, boil

day.
the

with

of scammony,

similago,or

dried

On

; then

water, add
dr.
bread

the

covers

proper
the

seed,
with
allow

followingday,
in

throw
to

viscid

fill them

remain,
their

aggravated

thick and

colocynths

soft consistence

mixed

and

colocynths, evacuate

two

and

cedema

dislodgea

to

medullary part to
covering them up with

remain

part

persons

scr.

take

useful
cut

hellebore, and
a

but
iij,

ginger,

filbert.

when

humour.

and

buckthorn

nearly eight.

or

of the

ginger,

j)urgative pap,

having
they are

is

move,

let them

elephantiasis,and
and

of

Of
internal

of the

j;

Cyrenaic juice,for quartans.

of

is the

dose

stomachic.

agaric,scr.

root

oboli,

altogether seven
having bathed,
TJiat

of

j;

scr.

podium), scr.
belly is difficult

oz.

scammony,

water

them

it three

until
away,
oboli

of

j ; but boilingalong with

pounded, and then give

it

of

^^

"

patient, who

the

to

the

simple diet,

to

filberts;and

let him

Commentary.

CoMM.
"""

'

PURGATIVES.

COMPOUND

496

reader

is

arbitrary,and

so

we

all the

which

would

demand

which

for all
with

is it much
of

system

of the
Under

important

more

this

Cathartica,

head

or

same

"

conditi

Sales

oz.

ad multa

bishop^s weed,
iss.

mixed

up

oz.

will be seen,
and

be content
cinal
medi-

of these

class

some

occasional

some

account

curate
ac-

remarks

on

:"

iss ;

of

with

many

thyme,

oz.

oz.

Aetius

and

aX^q

of

est cremati

for

roasted, lb. j ;

the

of sal

iij;of ginger, oz. ij;

iss ;

of

contain

cordial

koh'cu

frictum

"fricti, id

salt

pepper,

purgative

The

Apicius's receipt

is

of

Halatia

the

commune

it:

common

white

pui'gativesalts

sal

explains

Of

The

of

parsley-seed,
sal ammoniac

medicines,

such

as

laserwort, parsley-seed,ginger, pennyroyal, spikenard,

scammony,
and
sal

of each

the

following

roasted, lb. ij; of

ammoniac
of

The

necessarily

therefore

of the ancients.

as

thus

Apicius. Humelbergius
torrefacti."

give

Salts

Purgative

for the time

would

shall

one

articles.

shall

we

the
are
TTtfppvyjiiivai

offer

only

readers

our

copious
sufficiently

We

practicalpui'poses.

gi\'inga general explanation

few

et

is

which

task, and

required, since,as

pharmacy

preparations,and

or

undertaking

an

all their

through

wearisome

very

as

Now

preparation.

little difference

every

us

principle,

exactlyagreeing

pharmacy

fixed

any

one

any

out

be

such

neither

; and

author^s

oui"

point

of the

remainder

the

authors

on

scarcelyrecompense

attention

and

fourteen

most

preceding parts of it.

pharmaceutical preparations

in

into

would

them,

prevailsamong

place to apprizethe

regulatedby

writers

and

to

the

as

two

enter

ancieut

formulae,

complex

notes

find any

can

ingredients which

to follow

find

will not

little

so

this

in

proper

he

at

or

vii.

"srater.

simple medicines

of

it is seldom

to the

hot

be

why

reason

combination

that

drink

restricted

formerly

eight, ten,

copiouslyillustrated by

so

The

of

It may

of the

work

size

been

has

[book

purgatorius recommended

Myrepsus

by

with

Thev

all consist
and

scammony

(Sect, ii.)

See

also

Haly

are

Actuarius.

gives prescriptions for

salts.
salt mixed

These

109.)
(iii,

pepper,

of

various

the

ingredients of

(Meth.

purgative

sal ammoniac,

aromatics
Abbas.

Med.

in

or

v,

and

10.)
machic
sto-

common

different

(Pract.x, 10.)

tions.
propor-

SECT,

vr.]

SECT.

VI.

PURGATIVES.

THE

ON

and

medicines;
NOT

PURGED

In

when

general

empty

stomach,

is to

be

purged
and

abstain

From

from

is troubled

wine,

bile

from

has

the

be

not

disease
with
a

there

and
be

bathed

heavy,

be

been

performed

it has

and

be

with

been

an

and

wholly

moderate

all food

has

motion,

drink, until

the

mouth

of the

the

; for

preceded,

out

of diluted
after

not

but

in this

evacuation

not

it ; but

medicine.
does

one

if the

all

patient experiences acute

of

the

belly, we

is

pain

pungent

thus

belly is

disorder

and

freely with
be
opened,

oil

he

body,

if he

is to

feels full and

especiallyif

more

of

evacuated,

not

of the
or

serious,

tearing
minister
necessarily ad-

must

the

not

greatness

the

even

its

by

way

at

the

way
straight-

of the

medicines,
be

stomach

has

stomach,

case

about

bread

endure

or

urgent,

must

the

laxative

solicitous

rubbed

cannot

chondrus,

taken

provided

if

vein

spoilin

of the

any

if he

him

of

speedy

clyster. But
a

the

give

been

the

to

very

But

ptisan, or

medicine

distension

and

patient

long fasting,which

lest it

evacuate,

nor

pains

of

it contributes

need

we

the

make

because

begun,

if,after taking

purge

is to

purgatives

to

should

must

we

juice

after the

But

either

cause,

the

evacuation

weight

food,

with

such
or

given

of PhUagrius.

works

the

any

drastic

from

ARE

PURGATIVES.

OF

sleeping until

time

WHO

over.

abstinence

or

the

PURGATIVE

those

to

digestionhas

from

TAKE

WHO

done

the

possible he

during

is

purging

if

be

be

after

prevented

off,

of

is to

and

and

to
DOSE

any

medicine

the

is

PROPER

THOSE

OF

what

BY

taken^
he

MANAGEMENT

497

he

is of

nent,
sanguineous habit of body, and if his eyes be red and prominot naturallybut incidentally,
owing to his having drunk
the

"When

medicine.

but

he

the

meantime

settle ;

and

again

clyster,should
the

carminative
HI.

after

immediately

in

and

these
and

experiences a gnawing

food

take

of

none

be

he
he

is to

is to

that

of

the

rue

lancinating pain,

bath,

receive

be
or

trouble

symptoms

and

drink

wine

clvster,if he

bathed.

prepared

The
from

him,

he

may

freely,
does

oil used

in the
other

some

medicines.
32

not

of

PURGATIVES.

498

Commentary.

CoMM.

Hippocrates^

[book
Galen

as

of

draught

"

ptisan

in

pm'gative medicine,
and

medicine

wash

intestines.

the
has

of

smallness

the

indurated

bv

clyster before

cutting

of

bowels

are

difl"cult

iSIesue

has

treated

either

to

arises

from

directs

When

the

of them

from

extracts

directs

and

who

the

of

soup

are

the

when

us,

administer

to

persons

fish,
shell-

clyster.

to vomit.

apt

of the

is

in

excited
and

Avicenna

the

moderate
such

case

in the
if in

as

he

he

bowels,

(i,iv, 8),

cold

water

and

the

cold

to

intestine.
he

(Contin.

pears.

be

nistered
admi-

given,

When

clyster. (Canon.

Rhases

be

or

he

and

water,

clyster to

medicine,

this

intestines,

quinces,

of the

by

fi'om

directs

forbids

stomach

the

one

us

When

the

of

draught

other

any

is retarded

emetic.

an

nected
con-

recommends

he

expulsive faculty of

contraction

the

give

or

than

medicine

of the

humours,

obstructed,

this

purgatives

operation
of

circumstances

all the

of

clyster

give, first,a

and

emetic,
also

state
a

debility

increase
are

bad

the

passage

it will

the

astringent potion,

the

to

administration
When

or

to

us

in two

like, or

fully of

more

administer

some

pains

the

author.

by flatus,

the

for

vii,26.)

with
ancient

and

he

digested

bad

attenuating

give beforehand

to

move,

give purgatives

to

us

Collect,

(Med.

to

is

"c.

Ruffus

Ruffus.

mallows, beet,

forbids

then

and

up

times,

are

possess

subject

the

of

impression

oportet purgare,
of this

not

from

other

purgatives

which

does

means

or

in

the

blocked

bv

the

of

or

being

At

the

operation

powers

kidneys,

weaken

seeds,

fully

Galen

all

the

patient,

removed

the

of

lodge

may

purgative

intestines

to

to

us

the

operate.

As

Quosnam

"

treats

with
He

food.

blunt

the

be

is determined

of aromatic

powers

works

See

can

medicine

after

of

the

the

given

to

taking

operation

it which

sometimes

from

or

recommends

Oribasius

that

must

mixture

the

by

dose,

into

he

stomach,

only

faeces, which

converted

and

tends

idiosyncrasy

medicine

the

adds,

an

from

be

it to

remarks,

either

particles of

any

it

as

the

facilitate

to

forbid

Both

Galen

operate,

order

after

immediately

s'n'allowecl

away

commenced,

medicine.

be

to

reeommenfls

mentions,

'

"

vir.

as

violent

recommends
Univers.

xii.)

iii.)

ANTIDOTES.

500

Hippocrates

CoMM.

Aetius, in

and

the administration
coloured

the

and

light-

with

treatment

great precision,
After

tion,
fricsame
as
our
they are mostly
cupping, tight ligatures,and restorative draughts have
he recomthe excessive
mends
purging continue
tried, should

been

administer

to

Mesne

author

is the

connected

with

recommends

directs

He

narcotics.

When

suitable

of

is

much

of them
and

harm

the

to

stop it

to

us

as

might

aromatics

he directs

severe

He

remedium,

uJtimum

cordials

the tenesmus

suppositories. For the debilityand

a
by too great pui'gationhe recommends

and

enemata

bath

tepid

to

us

occasioned

lassitude

add

symptoms

greatest length.

an

administration

the unseasonable

result.

as

all the

of

the

narcotics

reserve

ner,
man-

Serapion (de Antid.)

treated

has

h}-percatharsisat
to

us

who

See, in like

(i,4, 7.)

narcotics,

(Contin. xiii, 1, 2), and

Rhases

from

author's.

the

us

by

of

rules

but

But

from

purging

the bath

vii.

after it.

and

lays down

A^acenna

excessive

of

cases

medicine, recommend

of

before

wine

[book

and

water,

sweet

friction

with

oils.

warm

(Canones Universales.)

SECT.

The

VIII.

of

hiera

THE

ON

"

germander, of agaric, of the

colocynth,of cassidony,of each dr. x ; of opoof the species of birthwort
of stone-parsley,

ponax,

of sagapen,

called

clematis, of white

of

spikenard,

of

q.

part of colocynth, dr.

xx

dr.

perfume,
of St. John's

polypody,
of

s.

of the

of

dr.

iij
;

of

of

leaves
Of

the

cinnamon,
saffron,of

medullary

squills,of agaric,

baked
of black

bark

of each

hiera.

Another

"

dr.

of

moniac
am-

hellebore, of scammony,

of dodder

of

thyme,

of diied

of
\iij; of troglodyticmyrrh, of opoponax,
of stone-parsley,of the
common
long, and white
of saffron, of castor, of the long bu*thof cinnamon,

sagapen,
pepper,

The

of each

bdellium, of aloes, of germander, of horehound,

cassia,of each

Mort,

of the

wort,

of

pepper,

troglodyticmyrrh,

iv; of honey,

each

HIER^.

Of

Antiochus.

medullary part of

CALLED

ANTIDOTES

of each
hiera

of
scammony,

dr.

dr. iv

of

of Justus.

honey,
Of

q.

dodder

s.

of

cassidony, of germander,
of agaric,of long pepper,

thyme,
of

di\

black

of baked

xij;

hound,
of hore-

hellebore, of
of
squills,

each

ANTIDOTES.

viir.]

SECT,

dr.

of

xv] ;
of

aloes,

saffron, of

cinnamon,

of

dr.

with

scr.,

Tlie
white
of

of

each

dr.

of

ij;

of

and

iv;

long

and

flower

of

is two,

three,

Of

of

germander,

long

Of

of Ruffus.

of

hound,

of

honey,

scammony,
of

saffron, of poley,

of the

round
of

dr.

each

spikenard,

saffron,

of

strain.

The

are

mixing
leaden
The

of

each

of white

of white

v;

pepper,

of base

each

hore-

iv;

dr.

of

of

dr.

iv ;

put

then

them

full dose

the

This

is the

of them

honey, two cyathi;

compositions of this
purgative,we

must

Commentary.

add

The

class
to

of

ancient

writers

aloetic

liicra,which
The

these

much

them

of

the

wish

we

not
an

used

salts,dr. j ;
make

those
more

the

is

works
mention

the
it

of it.

There

in

followingis his prescriptionfor

glass or

part, consist

makes

by

scammony

most

described

to

obolus

aromatics.

Galen

in

it also of

have

of them

up

Avith all the hierae.

to

If

s.

which

compositions
on
pharmacy.
was

the

Add

q.

with

cinnamon,

honeyed water for

dry things ; then

method

hierae, for

purgatives, combined

variety

add

common

each

of

(malabathrum),

with

honey lay

of water,

dry things together,and

and
myrrh, being bruised,

is dr. iv.

of

the

and

finest

dr.

leaf

macerate

to

triturate

with

of each

sagapen,

mortar

of

of

cassia

pouiid

agaric,

colocynth, of cassidony,
of stone-parsley,of
sagapen,

of

the

of

horehound,

pepper,

myrrh,

into

vessel.

drastic

Of

opoponax,

opoponax,

night ;

one

of

medullary part of
dr. viij;of
sagapen,

of

mp'rh,

medullary part

of

x;

birthwort,

to be

perfume,

cassia,dr. viij;

of

of Archigenes.

hiera

germander,
of

of

or

thyme),

s.

q.

The

dr. iv

cinnamon,

of

the

sicyonia,or

colocynth, dr. viij;of germander, dr. Xj of

dr. v; of round
birthwort, dr.
stone-parsley,
dr.

four

or

pepper,

xvj ; of myrrh, of saffron,of ammoniac

euphorbium, of each dr. viij. Mix with honey.
Idera

of

salts.

dr.

The

rush,

birthwort,

cassidony, of black hellebore, of

of dodder
baked
squills(and some

spikenard, of

poley, of

of the

round

of

dose

The

s.

q.

Galen.

of

pepper,

of opoponax,

viij;

the

water

of

dr.

spikenard, of

honey,

honeyed

hiet^a

of each

of each

myrrh,

pennja'oyal,of
of each

medullar^ part of colocynth, of

gentian, of stone-parsley,of ammoniac
of the

euphorbium,

of sagapen,

perfume,

501

celebrated
"

ofcoMM.
'

great
of

the

of

an

genes.
Archi-

li. Aloes, dr.

c;

'

LINLMENTS.

502

CoMM.

[book

nardi, xylobalsami,mastichse

cinnamomi,

vii.

chise, asari, croci,

'
'

dr.

aloes

dr.

Abbas

of

instead

the

of 5, aud

the
of

Serapion

much

the

Hiera

Picra

dr.

hierse.

Galeni

subigeudo

Tere

j;

comp,

of 6

hierse,Haly

The
"

Med.

But
He

following is
Aloes

R.

mellis

cum

receipt for it is very

Charras's

(De

authorities.

other

cassise fistulse purse, mastiches, asari,rosarum,

a

or

his

flavse,dr.

croci,costi,floris junci odorati,xylobalsami,

cinnamomi,

xivss. ;

30

xc

greater number.

all the

for

receipt for

directed.

of

proportion

substitute

composition

variety,Myrepsus surpasses
describes
the composition of

the
to

us

quantity

describes

Mesue

loc.)

ace.

recommends

great, and

is too

Ixxx

remarks, however, that

Galen

yj."

amomi,

Attici

absinthii,

q. s."

little different.

Moses

(Royal

Pharm.

i, 20.)

SECT.

IX.

LINIMENTS

ON

liniment

is

to the

with

triturated

efficacious

more

the

honey

wool

addition

be

introduced

and
of

so

small

sowbread

juice of

TO

rubbed

AND

ANUS,

NAVEL.

Rue

or

the

it.

cumin

flatus

the

becomes

It

and

It is daubed

suppository

juice, and

one

with

quantity of

added.

For

honey.

THE

THE

from

to

as

fundament

if

TO

fo?'the discharge of flatulence.

anus

pavts of the

inner

APPLIED

APPLICATIONS

PURGATIVE

BE

TO

natron,

upon

is formed

flocks
with

or

of
the

freely,aft'ordiug

escapes

relief.
A

liniment
Alum

nanche.

anus,

free

evacuating the

being triturated

yellowish,and

it become
forces

to the

the

evacuation

of

with

honey

is to

anus

many

be

called

belly;

Cheza-

is to be boiled
rubbed

things,

with

but

until

it.

It

without

not

trouble.
An

applicationto

sowbread, dr. iv
of

the navel

as

laxative

of natron, dr.

each, dr. ij; of

the

bowels.

and

white

of

iij; of black
colocynth,dr. iij; of

scammony,

Of
bore,
helledr.

ij;

Cnidium, dr. iv ; of
juiceof elaterium, dr. iv ; of granum
fatty dried figs,oz. ij; of the gall of bulls, oz. j. Another
very
of
of
of
of
excellent
elaterium,
one
bread,
sow:
lathyi'ides, galbanum,
of the

of black

parts

of

hellebore, of each.

colocynth,

dr.

viij;

of

of

di". iv

fresh

wild

the

medullary

cucumber,

of

X.]

SECT.

EMETICS.

of graimm

scammony,

Cnidiura,

ij;

of

turpeutine,dr. iij;

use

as

liniment.

vij, and

of

mix

503

of

each,

dr.

with

the

these

by mixing

Some,

Sicyonian oil,

dr.

spurge,

gall of bulls,and

with

q. s., make

of

ij;
them

it of

of wax,

the

oz.

form

of

plaster.
Commentary.

It

is clear

the

that

liniments

applied to

Comm.
^

the

anus

were

described
The
to

in much
of

rest
our

them.

his

the

terms

same

(xxvi,2.)
Med.

the

ancient

used.
had

The

author's

our

Kerr,

them,

to

ON

by Myrepsus.

also very

are

gives

is

similar

full account

of

v,

late Dr.

X,

Chezananche

the

navel

much

were

physiciansas laxatives,but they

recourse

SECT.

as

Actuarius

9.)
Purgative applicationsto

by

The

suppositories.

compositions of this class

author's,

(Meth.

of

sort

and

EMETICS,

of

Aberdeen,

spoke highly

AND

THE

are

OF

to

seldom

now

however,

of their

MODE

trusted

sometimes

efficacy.

ADMINISTERING

HELLEBORE.

Persons

in health

is loaded

with

diseases,when
in

persons

to

too

much

with
those

nor

emetics,

use
cases

of

to

recourse

food

troubled

health

especiallyin

have

but

or

humours,

phlegm
in

acute

in

only

indurations,

and

when

emetics

or

and

the

those

like.

diseases
chronic
for such

the

system

in

But

should

acute

neither
be

mitted
per-

affections,more
matters

as

re-

to be

in gout, epilepsyfrom
as
dislodgedby forcible means,
the
stomach, elephantiasis,dropsy, melancholy, and the like.
of the
They are
improper in spittingsof blood, weakness
quLre

stomach,

and

suffocative

readiest
of the
complaints. The
emetics
is the
oil of privet (oleum Cyprinum), the fingers or
feathers
the throat.
some
being dipped in it and pushed down
And
dr. vijof Celtic nard taken
in honeyed water
evacuate
wards
upIn
like
of
drunk
v
powerfully.
manner
or
betony
vj dr.
in

leaves of the
honeyed water, and three green
daplmoides
obolus of elaterium
And
taken
in a
an
pounded and eaten.
draught of water, purges phlegm and bile upAvards; and fifteen
with thick honeyed water.
Of plants with
grains of stavcsacrc
bulbous

roots, those

usually eaten

if taken

raw,

and

the

boiled

[book

EMETICS.

504

roots

of narcissus

root

of

Avhen
The

Some

of

purges

whole

part

They

are

small

parts

be

to

swallowed,

oxymel
self to

as

that

one

and

downwards.

may

acrid

and

them

to

usefully.

more

fresh, and

four

or

for

oxymel

in

soak

into

cut

to be

after

times

But

after, l^rge draughts

and

after

feathers

some

of
for

v.alking about
compel
may

one

by insertingthe fingersor

vomit

but

three

tepid water,

drinking

dishes
Ra-

vomit

the

downwards.

and

pieces as possibleare

fasting.

the

"When

of the

swallowed

be

to

are

many

if

once

very

allowed

having

call

upwards

of

part

upper

exposed to the air,

it chamseraphauum.

is

aforementioned,

when

hours,

so

hours,

two

the

tahen

and

and

supper,

root

both

less than

three

or

the

it purges

is eaten
pui'ge

two

which

parsley, namely, that

upwards.
eaten, purges

under

the

And

upwards.

pui'ge

vii.

one's
the

into

throat.

in

protracted and

other

is

than

them

all

when

disease

the

complaints wliich

There

gout.

being

is

pieces of
inserted

the

to

are

in

pieces they

are

mentioned,

he

the

of the

be

epilepsyand

removed.

be

to

given

forced
is

hellebore

follows

as

to

of

macerate

of

estabhshed

The

having
a

been

performed,

exercised

been
to

and

him
the

when

with

vomits

fasting,and

contents

of

the

in

after
bowels

hours
mode
two

of water

hemina

days, boil until only a third pai't of the water

and
having expressed the hellebore, mix with the
equal quantity of honey, and boil it until it thicken ;

patient has
described, give it

fore
be-

allowed

for five

the

main
re-

the

accustomed

in

to

in

been

be

the

oxymel,
number

to

cut

with

the

vomit.

to

Having

has

interval

are

allowed

been

having

be

to

an

hellebore

best

like ; and

the

hellebore

finest white

patient who

after

is to

administering

ounces

of the

night they

and

diseases,

of hellebore,
preparativefor a course
having perforatedradishes with a reed,

one

emetics,

proved

administering hellebore,

of

and
perforations,

described, to

manner

from

the

di'ied roots

the
into

for
radishes

this method

has

intervals,as

at

modes

many

rather

simplest,and

the

attack

given

hope

continued

given in

and
cachexia, paralysis,
dropsy, elephantiasis,

in certain

of

precluded, because
all. It is to be

is to be

Hellebore

complaints, and

severe

remedies

stronger
as

hellebore.

of administering

Modes

the

remain,
water

and

an

after

manner

digestionhas
evacuated.

EMETICS.

X.]

SECT.

spontaneouslyor by

either
his

strength.

cut

the

suffocation
of

who

it is

AYhen

the

and

drink,

will not

if it go

lancinating pains
of water

downwards

and

occur

the

is

or

of the
to

honeyed

of

be

the

limbs.

must

give to

order

to

After

little

Antyllus

\Yhen

day

upwards

and

mouth,
the

uses

and

by

centration
con-

happen

may

AYhen
take

to

the

food

describing the

and

ment
treat-

continue, cupping-instruments

stomach,

and

ligatures

tied

of

hellel^ore

the

the

medicine

administration

of

is

required,

to

the

until

anus
more

sufficient

so

as

to

half

to

are

Then

remain.

produce vomiting.

feebly than
purging, an

when
acrid

bore
helle-

allowed

sextarius

day following we

but

means

having

in

macerate

all

by

following injection:

water

somewhat
After

the

evacuation

of

the

night, on

in the

injectit

the

entertained

are

of white

drachms

the

over

which

allowed
in

if it

bear

place

proceeds properly we
drink
a
quantity
honeyed water, in
the
superfluousparticlesof the medicine.
away
food of easy digestion. When
while, give some

apprehensions

hellebore

But

takes

manner.

moderate

wash

the

be

to

are

by strong-smelling

symptoms

give

patient falls into

the

suitable

if

evacuation

an

they

resuscitated

mentioned

as

applied

to

by

in

is

but

must

we

he

vomiting

sometimes

^Yhen

other

treated

hypercatharsis.

are

be

to

Any

otherwise

otherwise

thus

even

interfere

thus

ing
insert-

by

When

not

For

better.

is

like.

If

administered),and

medicine

vomit

to

supervene,

drink.

(which
been

be

need

properly,we

excessive,they
do

sleep,and

drank.

water

bath.

put into the

oil to

he

to

are

purging

to

are

like ; but

the

throat.

the

convulsions

or

has

animi

deliquium

round

be

occasioned

of the

things

oil into

on

and

hellebore

when

in

let him

vomit,

mixture

patient be compelled

let the

dipped

commences,

sions
occa-

who

least,dr. j

at

or,

those

seeds

purging begins after three or four hoiu's ; but

effectually.
longer of commencing, it operates more
of
is
slow
beginning, give honeyed water
vomiting

feathers

for

having

The

when

to

ij,at most,

the

are

water.

to

dr.

juice of ptisan,of.halica,or
stronger, it is to be given in hot

hellebore, in
those

powerful action)^give to

constitution

weaker

is this

piecesresembling the
to a
downy powder it

into

reduced

its

by

mode

efficacious

most

(forwhen

corn

injections^according to

two

or

one

hellebore

of the

roots

of Indian

the

But

505

the

two

of water
boil the
we

are

It purges

medicine

suppositoryis

is
to

be

506

EMETICS.

introduced

so

occasion

to

as

stop the vomiting.

honeyed
the

out

white

The

gut.
which

the

of wool

allowed

it may

purging
This
convTilsive

'

suffocation

on

have

Galen
bulb

of the

part of nut
num

are

be

safe

and
of

hyssop

with

pounded

the

carbonate
emetic.

being
a

Appendix.
He

by

remarks

that
The

rest.

vomiting.
He
honey

in the

say

that

it is

although

now

is

directs

also commends

given along with

and

the

fleshy

U.

cypri-

authorities
commends

to

the

of bastard

saffron

radishes, and

sesame,

Nitre

or

pure
im-

an

in

as
general use
given as an emetic,

Ehases

make

mention

yilbenec,which

somewhat

they

unsafe.

tickling the

in

was

See

throat

or

never

place

in

as

salt.

scribe
dethe

with

of

to

produce

along with
emetic

an

We

given
some

use

it boiled

vomica

nux

quantity of

seldom

general

give

to

us

the

small

it still holds

but

emetics, the
the

also
seed

emetics.

readilyexcites vomiting.
and stopped
promoted by motion

emeticus

Serapion

other

We

oil of sesame,

vomiting

bulbus

of the

often

was

that

says

and

medicine

ancients
I.

and

irinum

of

the

effectual

daphnoides.
a

cient
suffi-

tory.
supposi-

in Book

anagyrus,

the

oils

earth

emetic,

Avicenna

feather, smeared

thyme,

also

was

is to

occasions

drastic

Aetius

turbith, called

effectual

an

most

the

with

after
the

by

of

as

ochi'e. Avicenna

black

that

neither

more

of the

of the

Lemnian

of red

species of
as

of

leaves

of soda

The

sort

and

bound

remove

treated

emetics.

to

ijof hellebore,
or

used

of the

and

oily grain,

narcissus, and

an

been

Unguentum

effectual

dr.

the

dangerous symptom.

recommend,

Aetius

by

to

emetics

account

The

stated

decoctions

have

narcissus, the seed

ben.

power

our

of

boiled

of this ball of wool

power

other

with

it in

and
effectually,

any

Oribasius

and

our

made

But

in order

anus,

wash

to

hellebore.

be

to

head

gentle

give some

to

now

in

The

order

mixed

have

we

The

the

nor

in

Avrapped round,

purges

ordinary occasions

"

of

be

method

Commentary.

CoMM.
'

be

of

out

for

injection of

suppository is

injectionof

firmly.

hang

to

quantity is

to

it,an

strained, and

The

suppositoryis

flocks

some

be

and

method

regulate the purging

of

twice

or

says

Like the

better

once

person

vii.

discharge of the injectionand

discharge

given

same

purges

following is
and

the

hellebore, pounded

honey,

the

After

is to be

water

[book

need

for
the

this

when

scarcely
purpose,

continental

508

CoMM.

EMETICS.

but

robust

to

of liis
the

tbe

persons,

[book

quantity called

authorities,Antyllus, directs

shavings of

hemina

of

heated

in

to

double
be

may

lays down

the

which

vessel.

given

rules

it

is to

Oribasius

in

also

days
be

when

in

the

of

half

strained

mentions

powder.

coarse

of treatment

five drachms

for three

macerate

after

rain-water,
a

medicine

hellebore

allow

to

us

Another

mystrum.

vii.

that

He

and
the

afterwards

action

of the

cine
medi-

We
need
not
superinduces dangerous symptoms.
go over
this part minutely.
it to say that, according to cirSuffice
cumstances
he directs us
to provoke vomiting by ticklingthe
throat
with feathers
of the emetic
oils j to open
dipped in one
the
in

bowels

with
of

state

the patient when

oilyclysters; and to rouse
stupor, by stimulants, restoratives,shaking him,

pinching him,
hellebore

in

tossinghim

or

of

in

He

garment.

mania, melancholy,

recommends

inveterate

pains of
the
hip and other joints,epilepsy,catalepsy,vertigo,chronic
other
diseases.
headache, lethargy, leprosy, and
cutaneous
He
also praises it as
lect,
a
remedy in hydrophobia. (INIed.Colviii.)
Aetius

in

sifted.

phlegm
medicine

stops.

without

When

given

bringing

he

after

given

mania

to

is to

be

persons

have

that

in

strained

taken.
a

purging
violentlybut

acts

that

in

all its forms

with

hypercatharsis. On

half
and

The

firmer

hemina

decoction
of

are

body,

danger
infusion

of

cure

phantiasis
ele-

to

be

of

rain-water,

when
he

it

children, to

for the

heated,

habit

the

and

persons

hellebore

of cut

away

as

bile

the

it is attended

old

act

generallyelapsed before

adds

with

days

of

it

to

and

five hours

or

and

up,

constitution,and

drachms
three

but
or

suits

it is to be

infusion

the

after four

powder

He

feeble

for

which

fine

begins

soon

tion,
decoc-

pounded

or

hours, bringing

two

five hours

or

it

Five
macerate

convidsions

have

who

pieces it

generally vomited
in

infusion, in

pieces

trouble, and

phlegm,

that

in

given
into

cut

in

commences.

on

remarks,

those

four

bile and

evacuates

much

itself is

slowly,so
its operation

of

either

administered

that

be

is

purgative, generally within

the

to

hellebore

substance,

When

and

of

that

states

and

cases

the

allowed

whole

recommends
and

in

cases

of
to

of

melancholy. It is to be thus prepared : A pound

for
hellebore,cut into pieces,is to be allowed to macerate

three

and

davs

in

two

sext.

of

rain-water

after which

it is to

be

EMETICS.

X.]

SECT.

boiled

strained

having
scummed
be

given

of

habit

of

body

given

cut

into

sifted
or

and

It may

and

in

taken

pieces

readily,it
the

of the

in

dr.

sieve,when

form

of

size of

malt

of mead
The
be

also

may

the

is

nation,
determi-

it away.

Hellebore

iiss.

fine

after to wash

strong

greater

it,in

to

into

swallowed

it is

sifted

and

accustomed
cut

vonait

of still

persons

of

are

ptisan or barley-water,a draught

being
of

concussion, who

to

be

is to

It

it will

fortitude,and

been

have

dose

pounded

honey.

Comm.

larger particles

given in halica (barley-water?) or pottage ; but the

into pillswith boiled
smaller
honey,
particlesmay be formed
concludes
that
Floridus
is
sufficient
Macer
scr.
131.)
ij. a
(iii,

may

be

dose

of the

Arabians

The

the

under
the

hellebore.

white

given

in

circumstances

the

as

pillswith
of

cure

there

improperly

vir.)
in

j to dr. ij.
He
powder.

for the
that

states

if

it in

aromatics

Serapion

of

form

the

recommend
various

dr.

it at from

Herb,

medicine

this

give

same

of

dose

(De

the

Greeks.
Mesue

forms

same

and

estimate

They
forbids

it to

be

and

ever,
Haly Abbas, howhiera, colocynth,agaric,and
elephantiasisand melancholy.

is great

danger

administered.

of its

inducing

Avicenna^s

vulsions
con-

of

account

giving it is very interesting.

observations
shall give the
of the
Upon this subject we
Elleborus
albus
inter medicacelebrated
Prosper Alpinus :
vomitoria
menta
apud omnes
prsecipuum
gentes
perpetuo
locum
elleborismus, id est, purgatio per
obtinct, fuitque in usu
familiaris apud antiquos,ad morbos
ellcljorum
album, admodum
difficillimos tollendos,cujus quidem usu
sanatu
complures ab
the

modes

of

"

fere prorsus

affcctibus
et

probe,

ut

antiquorum
Nunc
mcdicce

ex

insanabilibus

sanationes

illorum

sanabantur, atque
vidcreutur;

miracula
laus

mcdicorum

levit,qui nunc

non

sine

neque

audent,

ncque

unde

cito,
olim

insignitcr augebatur.

segrotantium damno,
dedecore, ipsius usus
apud omnes

vero

ita

atque
fere

magno
medicos

sciunt, quomodo

artis
obso-

veratrura

'

'

when

possess

pieces;

who

maximum

amount

violent

and

plain water

or

to

more

powder.

bran,

of

of

pounds

two

of

then,

large spoonful,or
not
hot water
a
draught,
duce
superinTo
those
who
contractions, or hypercatharsis.

in need

or

remain

decoction

in

spasms,
stand

third

consistence

the

the

only

the

to

boil to

and

linctus

as

Avitli

mixed

add

it,we

honey,

until

coals

the

gently upon

509

"

ANTIDOTES.

510

album

CoMM.
'

'
"

exhibendum

est."

following prescriptionfor making

"

Nonnulli

ex

vini dulcis

ad

uncias

tres."

boiling it
the

in oil.

boil

honey

to

SECT.

due

of

XI.

ON

THE

are

administered
animals

those

for

remedies

of calamus

of

dr.

ij;

The

second,

third

are

articles

three

those

are

the

the

bad

by

hedychroum,

Of
of

the

bark

of

the
food.
such

purposes,

of

mastich,
dr.

xvj ;

of
of

viij;

of

xij;

of

myrrh,

form

root

of

costus, of asarabacca, of

Indian

and

forms

which

of the

of

each,

finger with

and

; of amomum,

wine,

first

substances

dr. xxiv

cinnamon,

fine

Those

The

fulfil all these

of marum,

dr.
dr.

of them.

venomous

the

amaracus,

ij; of

bathrum),
with

of

aromaticus,

valerian, of

ANTIDOTES.

compositions
thev are
appliedexternally,
antidotes
by the ancients.

occasioned

theriac.

the

the

theriac.

preparation
of

dr.

called

profess to

called

one

named

is meant

OF

Antidotes.

for deleterious

afi'ections

antidotes

balsam,

the

(London

consistence

when

not

diflFerent kinds

which

due

on

are
internally,

taken
three

of

of

Take

Pemberton

KINDS

work

affections

are

The

preparation of
"

fied
pound ; of claripints. After steeping

DIFFERENT

of Galen's

cure

when

the

by

sliced,one

Dr.

By

d.

There

as

and

the

hellebore

consistence."

1746.)
honey.

Preface

Some

of

honey

or

three

which

for

simple receiptfor

very

hellebore, dried

consistence

but

hellebore

giving

(Ibid.)

Dispensatory,a.

The

of

approves

four
pounds ; of water
three
little while,
a
days in the water, boil them
the
liquor,well pressed out and strained, with the

roots

then

elleborum

parant

likewise

helleboratum

honey,
the

He

of white

roots

the

of hellebore

preparation

gives

accipientes,
5iss ;
turis^3iss;hypericin5j; saccharic:;ij
;
mediatatis.
consumptionem
Cujus decocti dant

followdngis

mel

He

vii.

aromatici^ lb. y,

buUiant

The

recentioribus

iii,TO.)

Meth.

(Med.

[book

nard,
dr. xxiv

into

each,
the

flower
of

the
of

dr.

gredient
in-

aspalathus,
xylobalsam,

vj ;

of carpo-

of the

cassia,of

cassia

an

rush,

rheum,

leaf

(mala-

safiron,dr. xij;

trochisks,having

smeared

of squills. Having

covered

mix
the

opobalsam.

preparation of

trochisks

over

ANTIDOTES.

XI.]

SECT.

511

it

squillswith

tlie

of the

clay or dough, roast

parts of it,p. ij; and

inner

of

moderately, and
flour

the

of

taking

tares, p. j

form
trochisks.
having triturated in like manner,
The
Having chosen
preparation of the theriac trochisks.
four or five vipers of a tawny
colour, and recently taken, cut
of the part next
four fingers^breadth
the
off their heads, and
and

tail,and
a

removed

having

dill and

pot, with

new

skins

the

moderate

entrails,boil

and

equal quantity of

them

them

in like manner,

smeared

an

with

form

opobalsam,

preparation of

The

squills,dr. Ixviij
;

of

dr. xxiv
of

dr. XV;

of the

and

the

small

cool

of

the

in the

and

bread,

triturated

fingers

your

shade.
Of

antidote.

trochisks,
dr. xxiv

cinnamon,

juice of

iu

mixed

having

balls,having

theriac

poppies, dr. xxiv

of

the

trochisks

dr.

xxiv ;

common

of

of

per,
pep-

dried

roses,

rape-seed,of IlljTianiris,of

of

germander,

water-

clean

theriac

dr. xxiv ; of

hedychroum,

into

rest

quantity of salts,until the

Then
ing
removing and clean-

spines be separated from the flesh.

properly the flesh from the spines,and
away
with

the

agaric,of liquorice,of opobalsam, of each, dr. xij; of myrrh,

of saflron,of ginger, of rhaponticum, of the root
of cinquefoil,
of

calamint,

costus, of

of

white

and

rush,

black

cassia, of

hypocistis,of

of

of

bitumen,

of

birthwort

lb.

of

the

then

the

ground pine, of

flower

the

of
of
of

carrot-seed, of galbanum,

nard,

of

oz.

sagapen,

of

earth,
of

of cardamom,
of sagapen,

of castor, of

wine,

covers

juice of

sweet-flag,of balsamum,

wort, of acacia,of gum,

clematis,

It is to be
the

of

amomum,

centaury, of the
each, dr. ij; of Attic

species
honey,

the opium,
ij. Put into a mortar
liquorice,storax, acacia, and opoponax,

in
as

having pounded

quite full,and

of

(malabathrum),

St. John's

called

honey.

of

Lemnian

having poured
pouring in wine so

days

vj ;

flower

mastich,

anise, of fennel-seed, of

and

then

dr.

each,

of

Celtic

of opoponax,

hypocistis,
myrrh,

turpentine,

of

dr. iv ; of

of Falernian

leaf

of
chalcitis,

each,

of

germander,

Indian

valerian, of
of

of

the

dittany,of

parsley-seed,of seseli,of shepherd's pouch,

spignel,of gentian,
Pontic

of

frankincense,

of

bishop'sweed,

stone-parsley,of cassidony, of

pepper,

spikenard,

poley,of storax,

of roasted

long

of male

sweet

of

of

horehound,

to

cover

the

laid up
taken

and

honey pound

some

them,

in vessels
off" every

for

macerate

others, unite

them,

of silver

day.

In

dissolve

or

case

and

three
scum

glass,not
of need

ANTIDOTES.

512

used

be

it may
those

who

for persons

in
a

cyathi of

three

dangerous

size of

the

quantity of it,to

bitten

from

like manner,
obscure

some

vii.

animals,

venomous

seven

drunk

filbert,
being

In

wine.

state

by

anything poisonous, after

taken

have

[book

twice

day,

who

when

cause,

years,

those

to

and

in

are

the

disorder

body imitates the quality of a mortal poison, as is the

diseases_,it is to be given once
particularlyin pestilential

in the
case
a

tenth

is to be

side,it

but

all other

twentieth

the

to

honey

in

But

day.

feverish, with

if

Egyptian

bean.

morning

and

In

In

in the

taken

It

morning,

and

coldness,

if

of

vomiting

of

of

loss

rue

voice,

retained
of the
a

under

spleen
of

squills.
size of

to the

oxymel
is

given
morning

to

the

and

thus

also used

Mix

as

it at

of
a

like

that

Theriac
and
or

then
common

air

Many,
to

cochleare

water

salts.

use

In

decoction

of

the

size

of

honey

it when

the

upon

and

of

it

the

they

are

oxymel, or
given with

is

it

of

sumach,
lently
excel-

answers

opobalsam, with
with
of

sake

Grecian
two

the

diseases

if

of

little anoint
for

In

or

dysentericcases

of vision

if

dead,

wine, being

but

half

antidote, and

after

dentifrice.

they
or

and

honey,

manner

the

the

attack.

For
;

be

in hot

double

sweet

or

the

dimness

For

ij of

moon

with

oxycrate
and

the

melt.

to

bean.

with

amount,

oz.

new

digestion,with
In

Egyptian

an

same

honey,

cyathus

is to

boiled.

nephriticcomplaints,it

For

evening.

cyathus

take

state, with

been

if

honeyed water,

alone, and

allowed

given

rigors,

foetus when

dittany has

an

comfrey.

removes

the
with

and

bean

Egyptian bean,
before

nut

given with

is

be

of

drank

expels

and

tongue

liver,it

or

scirrhous

vinegar

one

the

is to

or

of

extent

affections,it

and

and

wine

cseliac
an

the

chest

decoction

when

wine

the

Egyptian

an

appetite,and

it is drunk

from

in the

bile

or

quantity of tragacanth in

of

size of

Egyptian

an

in which

wine,

sweet
case

size of

the

to

or

intense

an

promotes menstruation,

drunk

in

chronic,
the

to

the

to

haemoptysis, it
size

the

to

; or,

excites

It

water.

of

cases

used

fever, with

hydromel,

flatulence,tormina,

of

cases

all

evening,

recent, in oxycrate

if free from

night,

at

be

coughs, pains of

For

year.

given

is to

affections,it

it.

It is

prophylaxis,
bean,

cyathi of

after

water.

journey they suspect

is bad.
Take

putting into a
salt, pound

four
mortar

into

female
one

thick

vipers recently caught ;

Italian

modius

of ammoniac

pieces,along with it,of

gen-

ANTIDOTES.

XI.]

SECT.

tian^ lb.

iss

roimcl

of

.513

lb. iss

birth wort,

of

the

hair

of

the

ij; of cardamom, of horehouiid, of each, oz.

vj ; of water germander, of parsley, of Cretan germander, of
each, lb. j ; of the seed of garden rue, sext. ij: unite these with a
sufficient quantity of Attic
honey, and throwing the half of
into a new
them
pot, and then the four vipers alive, add to
then
them
fresh tender
cut into small pieces,and
join
squills,
the remaining half of the mixture
to them
formerly mentioned.
three or four
Then
having covered up the pot carefully,make
small

centaury,

its lid

perforationsin
may
At

indicate

to

first much

lb.

the

you

then

infected

with
has

vapour
the

take

roasted.

exhalation

Then

allowed

it to
them

pound

the

you
you

having
for

cool

and
carefully,

it

fine

that

know
the

they
from

pot

the

night,take out
along with these

sift them

is

properly

are

and

day

which

smoke,

this
vipers. When
flame issuingthrough

the
a

removed
whole

of this

any

see

may

that

escape,

operation of roasting.
issuing,fuliginousand very
You
actingupon the animals.

from

may

to

vapour

of the

inhale

lest you

which

holes, by

seen

the fire is

care

ceased,

the

progress

will be

smoke

turbid, indicatingthat
must

allow

to

fire,and
the

ashes,

mixtures

hyssop,of each, oz. ix ; of the

seed of fennel, of Celtic nard, of Scythian base horehound, of
leaf, of
each, oz. vj ; of jSIacedonian
stone-parsley,of Indian
of the

each,

of wild rue,

seed

iv ; of

oz.

amomum,

toasted,of each, oz. iij;

of Cretan

of grapes,

of

of the shoots

of

the

seed

of horminum

marjoram,

of the shoots

thyme, of each, oz. ij; of juniper berries, of white and of

long pepper, of each, lb. j ; of the root of laserwort, oz. x ; of
coriander
seed, of ginger not perforated, of the seed or root of
of mint, of
satyrium, of pennyroyal, of the seseli of jNIarseilles,
oz.
each, oz. vj ; of cassia fistula,
ij; of cinnamon, oz. j. I, ho^vhave made
the preparation,so that
I did not burn
the
ever,
of

animals,
the

but

mixed

theriac,with

the
those

trochisks

things wdiicli

vipers,that the bitterness which

aside during the burning.
I
the
the

trochisks

from

they

four

burnt

are

have

agree
this

related

as

along

in them

just such

added

conjectured to
vipers. And
truly in
as

them,

may

the

be laid

contents

they

way

with

proportion

the

with

under

turned

of
of

out

excellent.
The

myrrh,
III.

Mithridatic
of

antidote

ginger,of cinnamon,

from
of

Of

scinks.

each,

dr.

of

troglodytic
spikenard,of
33

ANTIDOTES.

nl4

frankincense,

of

[book
of

shepherd'spouch,

of

opobalsam,

vii.

schoenanth,

cassidony,of seseli,of galbanura, of turpentine, of

long pepper, of castor, of hypocistisjuice, of storas, of the
leaves of malabathrum, of each, dr. iv ; of black cassia,of poley,
of costus, of

of white

cvphi, of bdellium,

of

balsam,

carrot-seed,of

of

germander,

of water

pepper,

of Celtic

of stone-

of gum,

nard,

carpo-

seeds
of fennel, of
of the
parsley, of opium, of cardamom,
gentian, of rose-leaves,of each, dr. viij; of dittany,of anise, of
sweet
spignel,
flag,of valerian, of each, dr. iij; of Athamantic
of

the

belly of

dr. iss

of wine

acacia, of

of

each,

manner

cases

bitten

the

by

honey,

Galen

the

viper, for

wort,

it in

s.

q.

that

says,

with

theriac,

the

as

been

have

and

theriac.

the

as

same

of St. John's

scink, of the seed

Prepare
it applies to
of

exception

those

the

theriac

blood

being

there

like
the
who

is

more

efficacious.

all

against
and

from differentkinds

antidote

Tlie

long

dittany, of each,

Cretan
of the

opobalsam,

seed

of

blood

the

gentian

each,

the

seed

each,

dr.

viij;

dr.

vj ;

cassidony, dr.

of

of

dr.

gr.

xx

the

wild

rape,

spignel,dr.

of

of

fennel,

of

duck,

of

male
the

blood

of

of

each,

iij;

of

of

frankincense,

of

dr.

dr.

of

ij;

of

q.

ammoniac

of

perfume,

agaric,dr.

ij;

of

car-

s.

white

acrid

most

amomum,

ij; of water
mander,
gerof
of
nard,
myrrh,
poley,

ij;

honey,

valerian, of

Cyrenaic juice,dr. iij;

of

dr.

of

goose,

iv; of cinnamon,

the

of

schoenanth,

asarabacca,

Of

seed

the

white

vinegar, sextar. j;

ij; of honey, sextar. j ; boil to the consistence

most
liquidhoney, despumating the honey.
squillscut into pieces,
vinegar of squills. Of white
shade
for forty days, and
in the
again cleaned, one

of water,
of the
The

dried

cover

of

of the

; of boiled

Simple oxymel.

mina

blood

of

ij;

blood

of
stone-parsley,

dr. iij
of Athamantic
;

pobalsam,

of

dried

cassia,dr. iij;

; of

dr.

rue,

the

the

trefoil,of

of

of

di'ied roses,

of

of

root,

of

kid,

duck,

female

dill,of

of

Ethiopian cumin,

wild

of

flag,of

sAveet

remedy

Of

deadly poisons.

costus, of

of

pepper,

of

anise,

and

animals

venomous

of

sextar.

of

xij.

sextar.
good ^-inegar,

it up,

after which
the

strained

of

squillsto

and
the

allow

squillis

vinegar
sextar.

to
to

laid up

vj ;

in

remain
be

them

the

vessel.

add

the

thrown

Some
same

into
for

sun

expressed and

in

others

Put

add

vessel,

sixtydays ;
away,
one

quantity of

and
mina
green

ANTIDOTES.

516

and

The

of storax, of

saffron,of opium,

despumated honev,

to

size of

of

long

heads

after

from

the

the

of poppy
for

fire,and

acquired
into

put
the

from

antidote
as

until

it

along

with

with

thorax,
which

in

antidote

of

dr. iv ; boil

the

the

water.

simple

j;

to

of

some

of water

Boil

or
a

melilot

and

lohock

from

pound

until but

of

and

the

third

of

case

the

is

poppy-

those

which,

cases

production

boil

and

honey

of

sleep,

the

parts
of

Take

the

boiled, according
of

wine,

sweet

to

two

juice of hypocistis,

the

quinces is
efficacious

Kquorice

which

That

consistence.

more

take

j of
ha\nng squeezed

of

in

the

saffron,of

proper

an

liquoriceinoz.

; and

been

have

not

there

Boil

poppy-heads.

from

It becomes

linctus

consumptions.
heminae

lb.

stomach.

poppy-heads

of

it

and

the

when

sextarius

Give

but

dissolved

are

in

use

honey.

ounce

rated,
mace-

chest.

and

honey, poppy-heads,

the

and

consistence,

proportion, sext= j ;

honey,

from

they

and

dissolved

half

poppy-heads

prepared

each,

gathered, and

detergent medicines, for

about
the lungs and kidneys.

or

heminse

each,

of

honey,

and

above-mentioned
of

of

myrrh,

green,

are

until

the

the

consistence.

compound

The

and

mitigation of pain

of

Having

ten

fever,

upon

decoction

the

to

acquire

the

head

above,

require purgative

rob.

vessel,and

spring-wateruntil

or

it out, add

to

Of

iij;

moderate

from poppy-heads

mentioned

rain-water

the

poirers.

galbanum,

they

day, boil

one

have

they

defluxion

water

of the

well-boiled

with

after

day

watchfulness, accompanied

within

that

bean.

liquonce

and

heads,

of

pepper,

Mix

dr.

each,

from poppy-heads and

of rob, eight or
sextarius

of

The

of

opium,

antidote
in

thin

dr. iv ;

as

same

similar

of

peppers

saffron, dr. iij.

the

The

ounce

and

white

of

iij;

tiro

castor, of

of

of

costus,

watery

from

antidote

cardamom,

give

the

dose

of

each,

of costus, of

myrrh,
The

s.

q.

Ori-

of Philo.

The

dr.

excellent

an

pleuriticantidote,from
spikenard, of araomum,

of

cassia, dr. A'iij

;

Of

antidote

It is

chick-pea.

and

anodyne

Athanasian

basius.

of

vii.

soporificmedicine.

and

anodyne

of

size

children, the

to

[book

be

more

if

is

ful
gratewith

along

also boiled

in

horehonnd, principallyfor
hair
remain

of horehound
:

then

throw

in

six

away

SECT.

XI.]

the

herb,

boil

ANTIDOTES.

and

water

of

consistence

the

to

equal quantity of honey,

cochleare
give one
honey, and

the

adcliug to

517

an

(spoonful),
A

hairy parts of
pennyroyal, of liquorice,
the

TUyrian iris,of hyssop, of

of parsley,of each, oz. ij; of fatty dried
kernels
of the pine containing rosin, oz.
of

horehound,
the

large pieces, and

into

dry things
strained

the
of

The

Avater, add

of

toasted

from

tares,

lohock

tares,

iv

oz.

of

honey,

of

of

Then

part.

ij,and

lb.

figs in

the

boil

having
the

to

sistence
con-

ij;

bitter

of

honey,

iv

oz.

toasted

of

iris,oz.

j, or

gith,

of

ij;

pine-nuts, oz.

of

iv:

of

ss

iris,oz.
of

ij;

bulbi,
of

xviij;

scr.

the

s.

q.

Illyrian

of the

of

ij;

oz.

nettle-seed,oz.

ij;

oz.

of

sextar.

Of

ij;
of

iv

oz.

Dodecatheon.

fenugreek,

almonds,

rice,
liquoof

iv;

oz.

pennyroyal,
scr.
vj ; of

pepper,

s.

q.

The

third

hyssop,

hyssop, oz.

linseed,

viij;

Of

iv ; of

oz.

called

ij;

oz.

toasted

to

honey,

tares.

pine-nuts,oz.

The

of

with

macerate

the

bruise

iij;

of

iij;

figs,oz

honey.

lohock

flour

boil

and

iijof water,

sextar.

scr.

Of

horehound.

from

lohock

compound

antidote

Of

Sotira.

xxxix

spikenard, scr.

of

myrrh,

xxxvij; of castor, scr. xxxix ; of

xlv ; of anise, scr. ix ; of
scr.
opium, scr. xxxvj ; of stone-parsley,
parsley,scr. vij; of the schoenanth, scr. xxx^-j; of cassia,scr. xij;
of long pepper,
scr.
xij; of the seed of sinon, scr. vj ; of storax,
scr.
scr.
xviij; of araomum,
xij; of seseli,scr. xij; of hedyscr.

chroum,

xviij;
Tlie
of

saffron,

of

xviij;
honey, q. s.
scr.

of

cough

each,

medicine

ij;

oz.

saffron,of
a

of

xxvij ;

white

of

scr.

costns,

from
of

storax,

pepper,

Of

storax.

of

of

each,

of

honey,

empyema

and

j;

oz.

cassia,
iss

oz.

sext.

scr.

of

j ; give

spoonful.
The

medicine

fluxions.
oil

of

Of

of

Philoxenus

for

turpentine,dr. xxviij;

of

saffron,dr.

of
vj ; of cardamom,
xij; of galbanum, dr. xvj ;

of

hcmina.

of

asarabacca,

amomum,

spikenard,

of each

of

xviij;

scr.

myrrh,

honey, a
an
Egyptian
The

amomum,

given

bulbi,

bitter

in water

xvj ;

to

dr.

almonds,
drink

to

de-

of

the
of

vj ;
Ixxx

the

size

bean.

much-used
scr.

the

dr.

It is

dr.

nard,

chronic

antidote

vj ;

of

of

Esdra

saffron,scr.

it is very

xviij;

of the

desiccative.
seed

Of

of carrot,

ANTIDOTES.

518

of tlie seed

iss ;

scr.

schoenanthj

iiiss ;

scr.

scr.
pellitory,

scr.

"\djss
;

scr.

vijss;

the

of

the

iss

scr.

leaves

dried

it were,

rhubarb,
of

of

Celtic

nard,

each,

scr.

belly of

of pepper,
of

The

scr.

wine,

of

ginger, oz.
The

anorexia

bile

and

ss;

being

strained
a

Avill

the

boil

of

wood,
southern-

asarabacca,

earth, scr.
ix ; of

scr.

of

iss ;

vj;
opo-

honey,

oz.

quinces.
sextarii

to

j.
j.

of

wine,

old

of

of pepper,

them,

wine,

of

then

anise, of

also

Some

j.

of the

add,

of

vinegar.

use

with

cold.

But,

pepper

and

the

from

Some
"When

they

add,

of

and

oz.

Six

also

of

add

mixed, they

of
of
are

of

pounds
soft.
lb.

reed

they

iij;

when

ginger.

honey,

then

Galen

says,

become

piece

pepper,

he

quinces.

until

with

hand
of

consistence.

proper

triturated,some

bruised

pounds

in wine

the

Three

the

tablet

boiled

oz.

of

of

ij;

juiceof ripe quinces,sext. ij;

vinegar, sext. j ; of ginger, oz. iij;

Of

it without

stain

mastich,

xxvss

anise,

myrrh,

juice of

seseli,scr.

to

affected

stone-parsley,oz.
of

leaf, scr.

ix ; of storax,

three

fire, stirring

not

of the

juice of quinces of approved efficacy

of

ij:

oz.

slow

things

in

ij;

sext.

and

scr.

vj ;

of costus, of
the

of

rose

iss ; of

iss ; of Cimolian

flesh of

dyspepsia.

are

the

of

of each, scr. iij;

jasper-stone,

others, instead

it for those

quinces

whole

Indian

triturated, oz.

preparation of

at

of

herb

the

from

and

clean

boil

iij;

of the

is added

prevails,prepare

The

basil,scr.

?), scr.

floAver

scr.

of

damom,
car-

iij;
hedychroum,

of

buckthorn,

iij;

of

iij;

which

seed

spignel,scr.

when

each,

pepper,

prepares

scr.

boiled

there

honey,

of white

of

of the

the

from

medicine

of fine

xv

spikenard,

it, of each,

of

rose

of

s.

are

and

pounded,

for

q.

of

juice

the

of

gentian, scr. vj ;

castor, scr.

xij; of

quinces

lovage,

; of

xv

medicine

clean

of

(bishop'sweed
of

xxviij;

vj ;

cormorant,

scr.

sison

balsam,

ivss ;

\] ; of bdellium, scr. xvj ; of

xiij; of Syriac sumach, scr.

scr.

of the

of

vj ;

the

dill,scr.

flower-cupfrom
of the

vj ;

of

scr.

and

euphorbium,
scr.

of

xiijss
;

gr.

iss

scr.

roses,

tragacanth, scr.

of

iss ; of

cassia,scr.

iij;

scr.

henbane,

the

scr.

citron, scr.

iij;

scr.

and

of

iij;

of

of rue,

rose-bay emerges),

of Pontic

of

seeds

(itis,as

nerium

seeds

of the

scr.

cinnamon,

vii.

snlpliur,scr. v ; of poppy-seeds, scr. v ;

iss ; of Illyrianiris,
scr.
stone-parsley,

of

iij;

of

iij;

fennel, scr.

of

ivss ; of

scr.
hiiq)ocistis,

of

of

[book

add

Then

viij,and

until
the

anise,

oz.

ginger,
formed

oz.

the
lowing
fol-

iij;
j,
into

ANTIDOTES.

XI.]

SECT.

half

of

cukes

and

each,

ounce

au

519

composed

are

Avith

along

bay-leaves.
medicine

Aiiother
but

boiled
be

in

dissolved.
lb.

honey,
of

sext.

each,

cloves, oz.

j.

to

long

things

the

consistence

of

spikenard,

oz.

iss ; of

pounded

and

rately
mode-

are

Of

three yeijpers.
dr.

-vij
;

of

them

take

broth,

off,and

broth.

the

pieces of quinces to

the

each,

parsley,of anise,

stone

of

all these

honey,

of

common,

white,

and

ginger, of anise, of thyme-

s.

q.

white

Of

Oribasius.

Another, of

hen

of

of

of

viij;

oz.

ginger, oz.

from

pepper,

tops, dr. ij;

of

it,add

cooled

TJie antidote
of

of pepper,

iij;

boiled

having

quinces cut into pieces, lb. viij are

viijof wine moderately, so that they may not
with them
of despumated
mixed
Then
there are

viij;

oz.

bruised,

jneces

clean

Of

entire.

the

quinces, having

from

black

of

ij;

oz.

pepper,

spikenard, of cinnamon, of bishop's

of carrot, of stone-parsley,
weed, of walnut, of hyssop, of seseli,
of each, oz. j ; of ginger, dr. iv ; of honey, lb. iij.
and

of

long

Of

Another.
oz.

j;

the

of

xxj, or q.
thyme, oz. j.

s.

have

and

diosjjolites. Of

The

and

The

toasted, oz.

from

medicine

of pepper,

j;

vinegar, heminse
macerate

boiled
But

to

with

be boiled

the
to

pepper,

morning

of

iij;

of

corymbi
macerated

been

ginger, of each,
Mix

with

in

ij;

oz.

honey.

Of

of

jj

oz.

those

flesh

the

the

honey,

stone-parsley,of penm'each, oz. iij; of parsley-seed,

calamint.

of

of

of

lovage,

slow

of

iv ; of

oz.

digestion.

citron, lb. j ;

of

Of

hyssop,

origany, of each, a fasciculus ; having been allowed to

for a night and
a
day in the vinegar, they are to be
a
third, and being expressed,are to be thrown
away.

there
wliite

has

which

cumin,

pepper,

(or double
j

oz.

of

mixed

also

royal, of seseli,of calamint, of

oz.
j ; of the corymbi of thyme,
dr. xij; of honey, q. s.
pepper,
medicine
The
from citron,for
of rue, of

cinnamon

iss ; of natron, dr. iiss.

oz.

rue,

green

parsley,of

of stone-

white

of

iij;

oz.

pepper,

cassia),of ginger, of each,

of

oz.

of

common

long, oz. j ;

quantity

water

of

pepper,

and

vinegar is mixed
the

consistence

is to
of
at

be

added

each,
bedtime.

oz.

of

honey,

of

honey.

to

it,of

ij.

The

sext.

and

j;

then

it is to

it

tence,
acquiresconsisasarabacca, of spignel,of
^Yhen

dose

is

spoonful

in

the

The

dr.

dr.

each,
The

dr.

vj :

also, of

in hvdromel.

Celtic

of

the

An

vinegar,

first boiled

being

honey,

and

added,

is

dr.

other

excellent

of

of

j;
of

vinegar

after

boiling

bear,
of

of

of

of

of

mastich,
dr.

of

j;

The

away,

then
of

consistence

the

of

iss.

sext.

sprinkled in powder.
composition from the liver of a wolf.
things

mustard,

madder,

iris,of each,

is thrown
to

Indian

of

pepper,

honey,

the

in

iv

aloes, oz.
amomum,

iss

sext.

cassia^of

of

tions
complaints, colics,affec-

are

ceterach, of

the

root

of

Of

of

panax,

cabbage-seed,of long birthwort, of

gentian,
gall of

of the

ground-pine, of stone-parsley,of horehound,

of

of cinnamon,

and

fennel, lb. j ;

of

root

ginger, of each,

of

spignel,di*. j ;
honey

of the

bark

the

nard,

fennel

cassia, of

of costus, of

ij;

vii.

xylobalsam, of

of

schcEnantli

add
dr.

Give

vj.

of

j;

the

some

picra from oxymel for stomach

Of
of the uterus, and dropsy.

leaf,oz.

saffron,of spikenard, of asarabacca,

of

each,

aloes, dr.

Of

Galen.

of

piera

mastich,
of

[book

ANTIDOTES.

520

rubrica,

white

pepper,

spikenard, of costus, of the seed of rocket, of the seed of

of poley, of vipei-^s
bugloss, of hemp-agrimony, of
eryngo,
liver of a w^olf,of elecampane, equal
of the
juniper-berries,
of

Avith well-boiled

Mis

parts.

boiled

filbert,with
issj

oz.

of

saffron, of

is the

size of

honey.
anacardia,

leaf, of spikenard, of

Indian

cassia,of

Of

anacardia.

ivith

Theodoretus

antidote

The

and

wine

dose

The

honey.

of

cloves,of spignel,of agaric,of schoenanth, of Pontic rhubarb,

of pepper,
dodder
of thyme, of each, dr. iv ; of sweet-flag,
each,

of

iij;

aloes,oz.

iris,of each,

rian
or

iss

oz.

of

iss ;

oz.

of

saxifrage,of mastich, of Illynutben, oz. j ; of honey, lb. vj,

of

s.

q.
The

without

Theodoretus

Of

anacardia.

aloes,

di\ Ix

of

agaric, dr. xxiv ; of saffi'on,of cassia, of Pontic rhubarb, of

of mastich, of each, dr. x ; of costus, of
of cinnamon,
sweet-flag,
the seed of rue, of white
; of spikenai-d,
pepper, of each, dr. viij
dr. iij; of xylobalsam, of asarabacca, of germander, of spiguel,
of
The

each,

chest.

is dr.

dose
The

of

dr. iv

of

honey,

ij,with

cyphoidesfor
Of

calamus,

cinnamon,

the
dr.
three

q.

honeyed

of

oboli

add

grape,

bdellium,
:

of

two

anacardia.

water.

hepatic affectionsand

flesh of dried

ij;

here

Some

s.

nard,

dr.

dr.

xxv

complaints
;

iiss ; of

three

oboli

the

in

of safi'ron,dr.

cassia,dr.
;

of

sweet

iss

j;
of

rush,

dr.

of

ij;

of

bdelHum,

of
of

of
;

oboH

dr.

iv ; of

each, dr.

honey,

of

j;

dr.

of the

of

scrapings

xvj ;

Of

saffron,of cinnamoDi,

q.

each,

s.

dr.

ij;

cassia,of nard,

iij;

of

of

the

x\'j;

wine,

of

calamus,

dr.

each,

turpentine,

dr. iv

dr.

of

myrrh,

of

schoenanth,

of

bitumen,
each,

turpentine,

cyphoides, of Alexander.

Another
of

dr. iv ; of

myrrh,

aspalathus,twelve

of

521

ANTIDOTES.

XI.]

SECT.

of dried

flesh

honey, hemin. iss ; of Chian Avine,q. s.

Of cacanus,
An
oz.
j ; of
hepatic medicine from cacanus.
leaf,scr. viij; of white pepper, scr. vj ; of
costus, oz. j ; of Indian
spikenard,scr. vj ; of honey, q. s. Give a spoonfulwith hippocras.
dr. clx

grapes,

The

each,

Of

Zopyriiis.

j;

of

iv ;

dr.

dr.

schoenanth,
dr.

of

Paonian

The

of

j;

of

j;

of

honey, q.

of Indian

TJie

dr.

white

of

ij;

"saij
; of myrrh,

iss;

oz.

pepper,
of costus,

j;

oz.

of

s.

leaf,of costus,
of dodder

xiij;

dr. \g ; of

styrax calamite,

leaf,

Of

hepatic pills,of Dositheus.

T/ie

scr.

Indian
dr.

frankincense,

saffron, of each,

of

amomum,

spikenard, di*. vj ; of
dr. vj ; and
of common,

dr. iss j of

of

s.

q.

the

Of

spikenard, dr. ij;

of

iij;

honey,

saffron, of cassia, of

of

v;

pepper,

antidote.

frankincense,

oz.

dr.

cinnamon,
ij; of white

of costus, dr.

dr.

myrrh,

of

ij;

scr.

thyme,

j;

of Pontic

bark

of

the

of

spikenard,

"viij
; of mastich,

agaric,scr.

dr. iv

the

Of

splenic oxymel.

of

aloes, oz.

rhubarb,

of

of capers,

root

j.

scr.

scolopendrium, of spikenard,of asarabacca, of iris,of schoenanth,

of the

flower

flag, of

the

the

of

fruit

of

tamarisk,

of

of cyperus,

frankincense

of

heath,

leaves

the

anise, of cumin,

of

tree, of

each,

willow,

squiUs,

of

j;

oz.

the

of

of

each,

fennel, of
of

the

ij;

of

leaves

parsley,of

of

root

sweet-

of

\dnegar,
ammoniac
sextar.
iij; of honey, sext.
perfume, oz. iij.
Prepare like that from squiUs. Give two spoonfuls.
An
coynplaints. Of saxifrage,of betoxymel for calculous
tony, of couch-grass,of maiden-hair, of spikenard,of carpesium,
oz.

iij; of

of

asarabacca,

parsley,of
iris,of
oz.

ij;

seed

of rue,

of

each,

of

j;

oz.

each,

oz.

of Macedonian

ss

of green

stone-

fennel, of

baked
of

parsnip,oz.
The

the

of eryngo,

squills,of knee-holly (chamEedaphne), of each,

bark
the
of the root
of capers,
oz.
iij; of waterij;of water, of \dnegar, of honey, of each, sext. ij.

lithontripticposca.

parsley-seed,of
toasted,

lb.

j;

dried
of

mint,

Of
of

pennyroyal,
each,

oz.

j;

of
of

mastich,
common

coriander-sccd,of spikenard,

of

of
salt

anise,

of

522

ANTIDOTES.

of

bishop^sweed,
oz.

pepper,

of

^j ;

Qz.

each;
of

(or

ss,

common

bettony, oz.
for

vinegar

days.

At

time

the

chick-peas,and
and

of

for

let the

xij of

scr.

mixed

the

the

the

made

sake

is

and

oz.

; of

ss

The

it in the

honey,

begins

grape

goat, and
with

calculi

mix,

of amomum,

mvrrh,

two

the

without

ripen,
dried

of

spiguel,of

seed

of
of

iij;

hot

filbert
or

The

or

in
of
of

of

each,
from

stones

within

goat's

dr.

pepper,

of

vinegar

bath.

the

Some
with

herbs;

saxifrage,of
of stone-

j;

oz.

seed

wine,

sext.

of wild

rue,

xvj.
biick-goat. When
of

Cretan

leaf,of each,

the

full-gi-ownbuck-

give to

sun,

it with

of

the

blood

it in the

cucumber,

aflected

persons

Some

must.

iij;

oz.

cicada.

blood

the

oz.

of

of

and

also

others

or

of

of

ss;

of

of

antidote

from

dr.

each,

thorn,

wings,

and

root
root

gromwell.

Of

the

grapes
white

of

of maidenhair,

water-parsnip,of
polypody, of each,

dose

of

vj ;

scr.

feet, oz.
The

j;

of

described,

as

the

spikenard, of valerian, of

couch-grass,of

of the

of the

marsh-mallows,

of the

cinquefoil,or

of

gromwell, of
bishop^sweed, of
saxifrage,of

vj ; of boiled honey, q. s.
hippocras, or the decoction
sinon,

Of

common

Christ^s

dried,

head,

j;

oz.

sponges,

the

brambles,

cicadse,without

grass,

the

stones, of the seed

the

of the

take

of

seseli,of each,

fasil,of lyncurium,

dr.

blood

spoonfuls of

garden

then-

root

iss; of

oz.

nephritic composition from

of

the

the

of Indian

garfish burned,
seed

maiden-hair,

iv.

scr.

The

forty

of black

of the afore-mentioned

j ; of Ascolonitic

from

having

for

less efficacious.

no

sext.

to

are

mixed

things, in powder

decoction

leaf,of each,

medicine

all
be

sun

of

UthontrijAichijypocras. Of white pepper,

spikenard, of gromwell, of bettony, of each,
Indian

When

them

parsley,of

gromwell,

of temperament,

patient drink

the

of

vii.

of white

decoction

asparagus,

afore-mentioned

with

medicine

of

iv

in the

exposed

using, ha^^ng
root

fine, let

very

days, and

of the

ij,and

oxycrate
and

of

parsley,add,

hemin.

give

triturated

thi-ee

leaf,scr.

j); of the seed

vinegar,sext. v.

oz.

-sg; of fine

pounded, sifted, and

with

of Indian

vj ;

scr.

[book

of

iv;

is the

caltrops,or

of asparagus,

dried
white
size of

of saxifrage,

of couch-

or

of fullers-herb.

gromwell,

saxifrage, of stone-parsley, of white

Mix
with honey.
The antidote from the seed of leeks.

pepper,

Of

white

of

betony,

of

equal parts.
and

of black

[book

ANTIDOTES.

524

yii.

long birthworthj oz. iv^ aud of round, oz. vj. One

scruple is to be given as a dose every day to the patient,when
must
We
begin at the autumnal
digestion is accomplished.
ss

oz.

of

it is to

and

for fifteen

of

be

days

365

The

August.

from

swine, and

given

legumes,

from

is to bathe

He
on

from

and

chyme,

The

antidote

podagric

of

costus, of germander,
St. John's
of
oz.

The

The

of

of black

of the

and

The

round,

ischiatic

birthwort,

oz.

Of

of

each,

vij;

oz.

of

of

gentian,

habit

rheum

of

long birthwort,

that

as

Of

of corallium.

leaf, of

Indian

ss

; of

To

be

oz.
oz.

j;

oz.

of

the

blue

cloves,

spikenard,
in

used

vj ;

of

like

ansivering

ix ; of

manner.

also

centauiy,

of

wort, of

v)ith

viij;

oz.

St. John's

ground

of

gentian,

of

honey, dr.

v.

oz.
v.

Some
The

the

long birthwort, of each,

each, oz.

add
dose

is

iij; of

oz.

of

mp-rh,
long birthwort,

of the

ingredientsfor

seven

pine, of agaric,of

of

of

wort,

oz.
iv; of spignel,oz. iij;
stone-parsley,
valerian, oz. j ; of Attic honey, two heminse.

composition from

St. John's

of

pimpernel, of each,

each,

of Proclus,

germander,

leaf,of

or

saffron,of cassia,of hepatic

of pseony,

ij.

drier

pimpernel ha^aug

each, oz.

oz.

kind.

foot

on

all

of Macedonian

agaric,oz. ij;
The

of

of

atactos.

of

the

thick

of any

of

of

iij;

same

the

of the root

Of

disease.

of

called

antidote

p)odagric

it is the

of

of

oz.

of

troglodyticmyrrh,
hepatic aloes,oz. v;

mallow,

germander,

pepper,

barbarum,

of rheum

vervain

mastich,

of

gentian,

and

white

of

each,

end

furnish

are

Indian

mallow,

flower, of madder,
aloes,

Avho

ij;

whole

; from

either

exercise

of Agapetiis. Of

oz.

the

fishes, as

wine

much

of

whole

flesh,particularly

testacea

diet.

remedy,

vervain

from

less restricted

using

of

mode

podagric

spignel,of

from

Those

pffiony, of

wort, of

from

things whicli

take

and

each,

valerian, of spignel,of
iv.

and

the

the

to

rupted
inter-

beet, carrot, mint,

the

and

saffron,of spikenard,

of

barbarum,

all

vehicle.

injured by

been

not

in

or

wine,

day,

every

horseback,

have

black

June

then

during

venery,

pompions

from

in short

and

September

until

up

of

24th

mullet, gomplii (gobii?),mollusca,

the

done

pickle,sauce,

and

lettuces

boiled

from

the

abstain

patient must

that of

be

It is to

completed.

dog-days, that is,from

the

and

this is to be

and

days ;

of

month

fiftydays, and

regularlyfor

taken

be

of the

24th

the

is about

equinox, which

same

j;

of

jnirjjoses.

of centaury,

germander,

oz.

likewise,of stone-parsley,oz.
dr. j.

vj ;
j;

ANTIDOTES.

XI.]

SECT.

Celsus

Commentary.
"Antidota

stimulant

wine,

work

used

'

view

of

simplifying or

Mesne

what

antidotes

it would

be

Of

he

mor-

and

honey

substitutes
used

shall pass

by

called
devotes

theriac

treatises

of

abridgment

an

ridates, king
condemned

of

for

poisonous substance, and

to

the

to

hence

deleterious

substances.

the emperor

which

that

was

brated
cele-

so

selves
our-

of it.

account

author's

he

most

every

Galen

of the

brated
cele-

of

account

mentions

that

it is
Mith-

esteemed

formed

otherwise

of ]Mitliridates.

it

the
as

composition
general

Andromachus,

his famous
altered
The

upon

thorough knowledge of
venomous
reptileand

constructed

From

Nero,

of

think

we

consideration

Galen

long

Avas

vipers,and

in the theriac

number

De

giving a general description

Our

almost

which

the flesh of

Theriac,

further

his.

his name,

physicianto

work,

had, by repeated experiments

Pontus,

antidotes

in his

of
^

gives prescriptionsfor 511

multifarious
compositions,

medicine,

malefactors, acquired

proper

bearing

the

antidotes.

on

formulce

Serapion describes
prolixity.(Tract, vii.) But

vipers,besides

from

of it in his work

articles

give some

to

upon

the

upon

general analysis,and therefore

treated
of in this chapter unnoticed,

any

of ancient

records

instances,

Greeks.

like

exception of

distinct

two

merely

attempt

all the

the

in the

such

in many

considerable

the

by

copied from

chapter are

of antidotes

fullv

these, and

idle to

with

some

the

dote
antichief

theriac,having
of the

prescriptionfor

dients
ingreit

Avas

by Damocrates, and the poem, consisting of

As stated
lines,is preservedin Galen's Avork,"^De Antidotis.'

translated
171

alterations,either with

various

compositions with extreme

shall we
say of Myi'epsus,who

these

added

with

author,

our

improving

also treats

articles for those

Arabic

of in this

treated

Antidotis,'but

De

wherein
Electariis,'

the

vel per

venena,

mixed

medicines,

libertyto introduce

the

Galen.

Ave

doloribus

partium

into

verse

'

'

vel in vis-

deciderunt,

adversus

sunt

aromatic

and

of the antidotes

Galenas

the

Comm.

(v,23.)

Most

has

potionesnostris corporibus inserta." He

three antidotes.
They consist principally

cibos, aut

gives prescriptionsfor
of

alto

ex

interiorumque

desideranda

autem

A'el per

sus,

ubi

ictus,vel

vel per

laterura, faucium,

maxima

of antidotes

prsecipueiuterdura necessaria sunt, quia

collisis
Ea recte quidem dautur
opitulantui'.

gravisismiscasibus
cerum,

tlie nature

defines

thus

sed

raro,

corporibus

525

'

CoMM.
'

'
'

526

ANTIDOTES.

by Galen, itwas composed

of

into

entered

far the

in perceiving that by
difficulty

stimulants, which,

hot, volatile

are

views

of

the

vipers,from

which,

volatile

salt and

remarks,

directs

vipers,Galen
of four
and
the

boil them
the

flesh,when

trochisks, with
with

especiallyas

an

of

diseases
It derives

remedy
the

antidote

its name,

of

to

he

such

formed

not

poisons,
as

either

says,

of this multifarious

sufficiently
it,

rate
invete-

remedy
leprosy and elephantiasis.
its being used
from
as
a
a

or
(Qripia),

because
into

the

repeat

his

reptile,namely, the viper,entered

in

for

animals

venomous

time

confidence

great

and

into

occupy

is

account

expresses

skin, such

stings of

for the

flesh

the

separated from
and

need

author^s

our

Galen

accurate.

We

tent
ex-

their entrails

out

out

Charras,

tail to the

be

taken

the

preparing the

steps in the formation

other

composition, as
ample

be

bread.

of

In

take

to

no

added

and

backbone

the

latter is to

the

then

and

were

It was,

author, Moses
head

no

ancient

Book,

Andromachus

oflF the

mark
re-

of them

the

Fifth

the

procured.

are

cut

until

crumb

detailingall
and

oil

breadth,
fingers^

fat, and

in

us

modern

as

to

us

greater number
to

to

have

can

agreeably

that

intention

same

one

frigidityof poisons.

the

counteract

to

doubt, with
flesh of

explained by

practice, as

supposed

it,it is difficult

of

composition

the

general character, although

one

any

vii.

barks,
liquirl
juices,
juices,
inspissated
Of the vegetable substances
fleshes.

roots, flowers,seeds, and

which

[book

composition of it.
The

authorities

Greek

directions

for

which
Rheum

forming

this celebrated

make

they

barbarum

subsequent

in

it

of the

instead

Rha

preservative from
it very

treatise

its action
the

as

He

in

and
all

therefore

predecessors,he
poisons, but

Actuarius, who

as

describes

it to be the best of all the antidotes.

on

the

theriac

of Galen.

those

medicine

system

administered
nature.

with

to

The

in the

appears

his

antidote

an

consulting, although his views

in accordance

of

as

tions
altera-

any

important.

Ponticum

diseases.
pestilential

accurately,
pronounces

Averrhoes's
worth

only

not

very

Like

prescription given by Myrepsus.

praises the theriac

medicine, and
not

are

Galen

to

to

He

its power

hence

he

cases

of

condemns

are

very

in

is

interesting
whole

the

upon

to

seems

have

rousing the

properly

the

use

of

it in

much

referred

vital heat

forbids

inflammatory

an

and

and

it to

be

bilious

pleurisyun-

ANTIDOTES.

XI.]

SECT.

less when
to

be

in

given

wished

to

dead.

is dull

pain

the

of

the

According

arrived

sums
Haly Abbas
Avith statingthat it

(Pract.

as

white

be

2d.

of

the

that

the

is

be

as

opium,

depended
to

and

Moses

Hence

which

he

is

the

pels
ex-

it to

pronounces

attack

human

good
or

the

end
uses

composed

of

much

body.

then

be

theriac

unhurt

we

know

that

from

for the

heat

of cold

lientery,morbus
the
particularly

theriac,

"

'

the

Treacle

beiuff

ought

be

to

of all those

languishing,especially,
among

against all
and

such

enumerates

diseases,and

convulsions, and
palsies,
epilepsies,
stomach

it is not

result.

century, thus

is feeble and

sure

Royal Pharmacopoeia

of Andromachus

cure

proper

are

the

great quantity of hot medicaments,

in the

the

is

cock, allow

give it a

administer

judged of
published The

of the

it

poisonous substance,

'

It is proper

and

and

seventeenth

the natural

head.

Give

effect

that

wild

then

we

drachm

the

know
a

whether

cathartic,such

or

we

escape

if he die

of the

esteemed

the rest, of

dog,

may

fowl

but

3d.

upon.
cock

taken,

reptile,and
the

of

if it counteract

and

been

trying

amount

directs,having got

If

is

of

emetic

powerful

has

Charras, who

medicinal

weaknesses

all cold diseases

and

intestines;againstthe
cholera,and

all sort

want

of

of
tention
re-

diarrhoea,dysentery,

of colics ;

against

against
against the worms;
all sorts of poison,the pestilence,
smallpox,the measles, and all
epidemic diseases ; against the bitingof mad dogs and all sorts
of

'

not

respiration,and

of it to the

venomous

of which

powers

agues,

'

'

humidity, strengthensthe

food

scammony,

theriac.

medicine

to

the

Comm.

old, and it retains its

following methods

Galen

As

dose

where

diseases

that

stung by

very

not

properties of the theriac

brain.

taken

or

medicine

it to be

about

ought

composition has

years

natural

1st. Give

has

hellebore

genuine.

the

is four

of

the

the

good

who

person

the

the

organs

describes

theriac

to

it

says,

4.)

Serapion

of

dries

the

the

account,

the medicinal

up

from
superfluities
remedy for all the

the

his

to

it
perfection,when
until after forty years.

viscera, cleanses

He

difficult

at

powers

be

chronic.

unless when
it
parturition,
the
foetus
expulsivefaculty,or when

cases

rouse

and

527

animals

venomous

in children
sort

quartan

against want of sleep,and gripingpains

finite
against liysteric
passions, the jaundice, and an in-

of other

diseases.

(P. i, c. 20.)

TROCHISKS.

528

This

CoMM.

famous

medicine

[book

expelled from

was

tlie 'British

vii.

Phar-

'
'

macopoeia

'

about

the

middle

last

the

When

century.

the

Heberdeu,

Dr.

proposed by

rejectionwas

of

its

di^dded

College

found
for
13 votes
to be
question, and there were
-virtues had
retaining,and 14 for rejectingit. Its medicinal
been
preAiouslyquestioned by Capivaccius, Triucavallius,and
upon

the

Julius

Alexandrinus.

It is still retained,however, in the

Medicamentarius'

by

the

of Paris

in the

is contained

day.

understand, is much

we

physiciansin Constantinople.

Greek

theriac

and,

Although

Greek

it still retains
of but

machi," it consists

of

name

number

small

very

for

of the present

Theriaca

"

used

formula

Pharmacopoeia
the

'Codex

of

Andro-

ingredients

in

comparison with the original preparation. Dr. Mead

says
of it, The
physicians in Italy and France
commonly
very
prescribe the broth and jellyof viper'sflesh to iuAigorate and
"

purifythe

of blood

mass

and

vicious

some

virtues

of

est

terms

eximiam

absolute

Galeni

medico

tribus

venena

assumpta

pulvere

viperinas

etiam

tainted

with

himself

the

in the

serpentinas adversus

ac

vim

obtinere

adeo

liquet

tantum

non

notum

quotidiana experientia.

ex

ex

Sic

propriisoculis vidisse,a quodam

se

diebus

continuis

intra

astantium

experto
gravissima qusedara

corpus

eademque paulo post

cum

or

(On Poisons.) Upon

possit,idque

non

verum

scribit

diseases

expresses

antidotalem

negari

testimoniis

Hartmanuus

bito

ferment."

Carnes

"

venena

ut

obstinate

with

viper'sflesh,Duemerbroeck

following
multa

exhausted

sine

admiratioue

ulla noxa,

iterum

ab

exhi-

expulsa fuisse."

(De Peste, iii,5.)

SECT.

Trocliisks
kinds

are

some

cative

from

some

from

their

of them

some

rubbed

in.

Of

TROCHES.

form.
to

are

those

There
be

which

three

are

swallowed,
are

the

aromatic

Some

like.

such
sensibilit}',

that

as

as

the

substances.

from

Egyptian thorn,

some

swallowed,

for

such
qualities,

seeds, and
the

For

OR

TROCHISKS,

restrainingthe belly, or a flow of blood,

discharge,by their cooling,astringent,obstruent, or

are

other

named

so

of them.

injected,and

ON

XII.

or

any

desic-

that

from

anodyne, eitlier by deadening

like those
saff'ron,
or
by dispelling,
are

Some

act

as

deobstruents

on

the

TROCIIISKS.

XII.]

SECT.

spleen, kidneys, and

Of

those

as

in

which

liver,sucli

as

the

bitter

from

almonds.

for

from

blunting acrimony,
pompholyx, starch, and

juice

of

are

those

earth, injectedwith

Some

that

as

injected,some

are

dysenteiy,such

Samian

529

the

or

like.

discharges,or a flow
of blood, as those from
alum, acacia, and omphacium, such as
that of Philip; or that consistingof Egyptian thorn, injected
with the juice of roses
of plantain. Those
that are
caustic
or
being composed of sandarach,
agree with spreadingdysenteries,
jected
arsenic, quicklime, and burnt pepper ; but they are to be inwith
the juice of lentils or
of rice,the intestine being
salt water, and the patientshaving eaten
first washed
out with
and

act

astringentsupon

as

drunk

beforehand,
be

may

carried

the

navel, for

which
which

their

rubbed

are

up

of the

none

the

to

power

in

are

injected.

are

that

so

ahane

stomach.

of the

powers

Those

trochisks

cine
mediwhich

serviceable

injected prove

are

the

ptisan,

But

principallyin affections below

does
reach higher up.
not
Those
those
to
possessed of similar powers
the astringentones
are
applicablein

tended
herpes, exanthemata, intertrigo,hemorrhage, and ulcers atwith
and
that of
discharges,such as that of Aiidron
Polyides. Those possessedof blunting powers agree with carbuncle,

and
and

that

above,
the

ill-conditioned

from

like the

Those

Faustian,

and

pudenda
The

lotaria.

trochisk

ulcers,such

are

and

anus,

Of

aster.

of

of carrot, of

seed

of

iv

henbane,

of

those

as

saflron, of castor,

of Lemnian

oz.

bm'n

white

trochisks,
mentioned

applicablein spreading
for pterygiaand sarcomata.

cassia,of myrrh,
each,

which

the

as

earth, of

the

of

bark

of

ulcers

in

spikenard,of
mandragora,

parsley,of anise, of seseli,of the

storax, of each, dr. viij. Triturate with

wine.
The
of

trochisk

henbane,

Triturate

with

seed

Of

each, dr. ij;

the

of

seed

of

anise, dr.

parsley,of the seed

viij; of opium, dr. iij.

water.

from

seeds.

fennel, of each,

of
the

of

of

trochisk

The
seed

trigonus.

of

Of

anise, of bishop'sweed,

dr. iv ; of the

henbane,

of

each,

seed
di'.

of the

of

parsley,of opium,
Avith
ij. Triturate

water.
The

trochisk

seed

of

each,

dr.

III.

Cretan

ij;

of

croceus,

or

carrot, of

saffron
each,

trochisk.

dr. iv ; of

saffron,of opium,

of

Of

anise, of

myrrh,

each, dr. iij;

the

of castoi',of
of the
34

seed

TROCHISKS.

530

of
dr.

Triturate

vj.

TJie trocldsk
of

roses,

dr.

seed

iv ; of the

eacli^dr.

of

vii.

henbane,

water.

acacia, of

Of

roses.

flowers, of

pomegranate

of

iijj

the

the

of the

gum,

juice of

hypocistis,of

of

juice

the

of

roses,

green

of

flower

seed

of each, dr. j ; of Indian

buckthorn, dr. j.
j)lantain,
Of
the seed of henbane,
The trochisk
from corallium.
of

frankincense,
of

with

from

galls,of each,
of

of

parsley^of storax^

[book

dr.

each,

of Samian

viij;

of

Sinopic vermilion, of opium,

flowers

of the

wild

each,
of

pomegranate,

of

earth, of corallium,

dr. iv ; of
dr.

each,

ij.

starch, of

the

Mix

the

with

juice of knotgrass.
The

trochisk

oz.

iv ; of the

oz.

iv

of

The

scrapings

opium,

trochisk
of

sumach,

Of

amber.

from

of

from

frankincense,

of

amber,

ij.
Egyptian

oz.

fleawort,

of

oz.

of

v;

mastich,

iris,of safiron, of each,

Of

Egyptian thorn, of
stone-alum, of the juice

thorn.

acacia, of

earth, of corallium, of comhypocistis,of galls,of Lemnian

cistus, equal parts.
frey, of Samian
aster, of aloes, of Cretan
of

Mix

with
The

wine.
trochisk

clidion.

Of

Galen

which

of

flowers

the

entitles
the

Egyptian thorn, of the flowers

juice of hypocistis,of acacia,
of Pontic
Mix

with
The

Of

The
Of

dr.

snails, dr.

of the

from

of dried

seed

other

the

dr.

burnt

dr.

viij;

or

wine,

things, and

form

caeliac

dr. iv.

opium,

dr.

ij
.

myrtles.
affection.

Form

into

four.

hartshorn,
obol.

of

xij;

hemoptysis.

roasted
of

galls,of

black

myrtles,

of each, dr. v ;
juiceof hypocistis,
the juice of the root
of mandragora,

of

dr.

xij;

roasted
of the

what

the

roasted
x

sumach

bark

; of the

will be

thick.
the

of

When

trochisks.

used

rind,

pomegranate

roasted, dr.

become

of

of

dr.

of the

each,

of henbane

wine

roses

myrrh,

for dysentery and

of

of dark-coloured
until

of

of

hartshorn

xiv ;

frankincense,

dr. iv ;

or

opium,

aster, of
dr.

each,

give three
of

xij;

oenanthe,

of terra

the

and

acacia, of each,

XV

of

gall,dr. viij;

water,

trochisk

roasted

pomegranate, of the
each, dr. vj ; of buckthorn,

of Oribasius,for dysentery and

immature

pillswith

or

of

pomegranate,

wild

decoction

the

aphrocVisiasticum

cultivated

of the

of

opium,

myrtle wine,

clidion

the

of

rhubarb,

the

of
rhus

for condiments,

dr.

pine, dr.

of

vij;

xiv ; of

coriaria,sext.

ii ;

sufficient to boil the sumach

it is

strained, add

the

TROCHISKS.

532

dr.
of

of the

ij;

gall of

the

Mix

with

bulls, dr.

trochisk

copper,

of sal

round
of

of

dr.

each,

dr.

dr.

viij;

of

with

wine,

xij;

aloes,oz. j.

of

misy,

of

q.

s.

of the

cultivated

galls,dr. viij;

saffron,of
of

frankincense,

fissile

of

alum,

dr.

each,

ij.

vinegar.

or

Of

Faiislinus.

scraped verdigris,

iv ; of
of

of burnt

of

flowers

dr.

myrrh,

astringentwine

trochisk

of

the

Of

of

alum,

dr. iv ; of copperas,

crocomagma,

The

xvj); of

seris,dr. xij;

squama

of round

Andronius.

birthwort,

Triturate

Of

ammoniac,

trochisk

pomegranate,

dr.

pomegranate,
dr.

vj (others use

Pasion.

of

frankincense,
The

cultivated

vit.

wine.

austere

The

of

of the

flowers

[book

arsenic, dr. xij;

of

sandarach,

vj ; of quicklime, dr. viij; of burnt paper, dr. j. Mix with

of myrtles ; make
into
juice or decoction
trochisks, and

the

injectalong with

decoction

the

of

myrtles,of lentils,and

of the

of bramble.

roots

The

trochisk
of

from

Of

paper.

arsenic, of sandarach,

burnt

of

paper,

each,

lb.

Mix

j.

oz.

of

ij;

lime,
quick-

with

the

juice of plantain.
Tlie trochisk
of

called
of

sandarach,

dr. iv ; of the
dr.

Marcellius.

Thronus

arsenic, of

flowers

wild

burnt

dr.

pomegranate,

quicklime,dr. iij; of omphacium, dr. j ; of

hypocistis,dr. iij. Mix with myrtle wine, and form
four

drachms

each.

rind, myrtles, and

dr. iv to

simply
The

burnt

trochisk

The

trochisk
oz.

iris,of

with
The

manna

of

of

each,

of burnt

(and

galls,of

juice of

troches

dr.

In

xv.

hartshorn,

burnt

dr.

of

iij.Triturate

Of
of

galls,of

alum,

of

also

the

; of

dr. xv;

rind, dr.

pomegranate

root

scription
pre-

arsenic,

of

acacia,

in wine.
x

of

of calamine,

all-heal,of

chalcitis,of misy,
of

of

paper,

another

xv

each,

some

opium,

trochisk, or

dr.
of litharge,

of fissile

each,

pomegranate

quicklime, of

birthwort,

of squama

costus), of each,

oz.

iss.

and

de-

vinegar.

trochisk

fluxions.
of the

iij;

bread,

dr. v;

the

wine.
burnt

of

the

part, give one

Of

Bithynus.

copperas,

seris,of
Mix

each,

boiled

cork.

is added

sandarach,
of

third

cyathi of

from

there

of ceruse,

six

have

yon

to

roses

of burnt

cork,

dr. ij ; of

When

of

iij;

of

ij;

dr.

paper,

fissile alum, of

aris, of

squama

of the

Of

Of

flowers

from castor, for ulcers,spreading sores,

of aloes, of frankincense,
saff^ron,
of the

cultivated

pomegranate,

of

each,

of fissile

oz.

alum,

j;
of

TROCHISKS.

XII.]

SECT.

castor, of

vermilion,

of each, oz. j ;
scraped verdigris,

of

manuaj

Mix

lb.

with

each, scr,

parsley seed, of

xviij.
trochisk
from

of

seed,

carrot

Of

colics.

saffron,of opium,

of

vj ;

of

sinopic

old wine.

j.
trochisk from castor, for

The

bS'^

of

each,

each,

ix

scr.

of

anise, of

seed

of henbane,

and

dum.
puden-

; of the

ss

oz.

of castor^ of

myrrh,

scr.

The

Of
of the
with

wine

with

third
roses,

The

of

rose

oil

the

extent

of

of

frankincense,
the

At

wine

Triturate

ij.

oz.

water.

oil,or

second

the

of

and

to the

time

of

oil.

myrtle

of

Of

of

and

the

flower

the

of

and

Of

pudendum.

saffron,of alum, equal parts.

wine.

or

terra

starch, of each,

wine

j.

oz.

fandament

lotaria

juice of

with

ij; add,

oz.

rind,

lotaria

trochisk.

iv

aster, oz.
of

ij;

oz.

of

opium,

pompholyx,
iv.

scr.

Mix

water.

T/ie trochisk
dr. xxiv ; of
of

to

the

white

ceruse,

with

or

from

with

each,

salt

rose

starch, of glaucium,

Triturate
The

and

of

alum,

contain

of pomegranate

iv;

trochisk

ceruse,

litharge,oz.

fissile

not

fundament

the

Take
Phrygian stone, for the pudenda.
burnt
and
stones
extinguished,and mix the

honey,

oz.

of

wine

butter

with

oil,
for

from

Phrygian

first with

of

does

trochisk

three

lead, of

that

using it,mix
The

oz.

ceruse,

di'oss of

ivine and

copperas

vermilion
The

from halicacahus,or
dr.

xij or xxj ;
(chalcanthum), dr. iv ;
ceruse,

enough
Of

give it

to

from

trochisk

acacias.

ivinter

the

the

black

winter

of

of

the

dr. iv

alum,

with

hellebores,and

litharge,

cherry, dr. viij;

fissile

Mix

colour.

two

and

of

Of

cherry.

water.

from

also

yellow acacia, of

the

two

artificer's

of each, oz.
iv;
glue (in another prescriptionof fish-glue),
ammoniac
perfume, of glaucium, of aloes,of each, oz. ij;
male
oz.

frankincense,
Mix

j.

either

dissolve
before

and

The
round

black

\dnegar

in the

after the

trochisk

same

and

white

of

and
of squills,
or

in

q.

The
It

trochisk,

of

may

Criorjen.es. Of

wax,

vervain
be
of

at the

time

of

of

of
of

each,^

using it

vinegar, and

anoint

bath.

straight vervain, of
s.

hellebore,

common

myrrh,

of
birthwort, of scraped verdigris,

of the

Aries.

with

of

of

round

is to be

made

into

alum,

of

the
of

gathered
a

burnt

stomomatis,

squama

each,

j;

oz.

when

plaster thus

of

copper,

the
:

of vinegar,

sun

take

is in
of

the

Colophonian rosin, of oil,equal parts ;

of

TROCHISKS.

534

will

vinegar what

be

sufficient

for

tritui'ation

the

[book

vii,

the

tro-

of

chisk.
The

trochisk

aloes,

of burnt

round

alum,

iris,of chalcitis,of misy,

of

of natron,

of ceruse,

It is formed

s.

into

will be

what

of fossil
the

Of

of the

trituration

pantolmius, for

for discharges.

of

and

long

chironian

cassia, of

of

the

round

purslain,of

of

copperas,

ammoniac

of

iron, of

of

galls,of sarcocolla,of

myrrh,

of

burnt

liquid melanteria, of
of the Egyptian thorn,

sumach,

of

the

the

of

parts.

Triturate

sal

the

of

of

ceruse,

and

of

round,

root

of

all-heal,of

and

rind,

pomegranate
of

ammoniac,

of

of

verdigris,

the

during

leaves, of sori,of
of

of

red
sumach

of the

has

granate,
pomebeen

not

of

sumach,

Syriac

(rus coriaria),of

omphacium,

heat

wild

the

sulphur which

elm-leaved

salis,of

spuma

olive

flowers

fire,of natron,

chrysocolla,of

acacia,

malignant ulcers,

of chalcitis,
astragalitis,

lead, of

of

with

vinegar,

of

of frankincense,
seris,of aloes, of diphryges,

squama

touched

ij;

trochisk.

copper,

of

iris called

perfume,

misy,

of

arsenic, equal

dog-days with vinegar

thirtydays.

for

The

of Nymphodotus.

trochisk

Alexandrian

natron,

of

salt,of mastich,

docian

amomum,

of

Gallic
of

The

trochisk

Of
soap,

starch, of each,
from

aphronitrum,

of

each,

galls,of each,

of fissile alum, of costus, of

each,

thapsia,for

oz.

j;

dr.

ij;

dr. iv
of
of

j;

oz.
;

of

Indian

of

juice,of each,
\-inegar,
q. s.
hours
with
a

wash

dr. iv ; of pepper,
In

it ofi".

using it,rub
If you

equal parts of cerate,

day and a night.

wish
and

of sagapen,
it in with
to

use

in

Of

of

leaves,

rose

leaf, dr. j ;
the

each,

Aanegar,
a

Cappa-

myrtle wine,

hemicrania.

reduced

of

j;

oz.

q.

s.

juice of

thapsia (deadly carrot),dr. xvj ; of myrrh, dr. viij; of

of euphorbium, of each, dr. x] ; of natron, of the
nax,

for

peras,
cop-

all-heal,of

^j ;

oz.

and

burnt

birthwort,
the

of

of

of

trochisk, oz,

of the

litharge,of scraped verdigris,of fissile alum,

of the plinthitic
of liquid,and
alum, of the
the

salt,of
of

root

of oil,of each,

wax,

for the

sufficient

Tlie trochisk

plasterthus

Colophonian rosin,of

and

litharge,of

and

alum,

of round
birthwort, of the
pomegranate rind, of galls,
stomomatis,of scrapedverdigris,
ofeach,oz.j;of A'inegar,

squama

of

of

fissile

of

mjTrh,

of

calamine,

q.

seris,of arsenic, of

squama

Of

black-coloured.

melanchlorus, or

opopoParthic

dr.

and

of

ij;

after

six

state, mix

spread it,allowing it to

remain

TROCHISKS.

XII.]

SECT.

the

anus.

oz.

ijj

subdititious,for dysentery and

called

trochisk

The

Of

aster, of starcli,of each, oz.

terra

of

of

buckthorn,

also, of
and

form

Celsus

humore

trita

with

the

informs

Latins.

ratio

coacta

inarescunt,

humore

diluuntur."

ubi

atque,
He

est

vino

pingui,ut

non

the

thus

incense,
frank-

fleawort,

the

are

describes

their

Comm.

same

general

medicamenta

'

'

'

con-

vel aceto, coguntur, et

utendum

gives

saffron,

ments,
tempera-

of

juice

they

arida

of

in hotter

that

us

He

Pastilli hsec

"

properties:

; mix

ss

and

iij;

pains of

j ; of castor, of

oz.

ss

oz.

opium,
oblong trochisks.

into

pastilliof

the

each,

oz.

Commentary.
as

each.

acacia,of tragacanth,of

of

535

rursus

generis

est, ejusdem

six trochisks.

prescriptionsfor

(v.20.)
that

remarks

Galen

He

sphericalshape.
of

fifth book

For

receiptsare
of

account

an

'

camphor

Comp.
copied from

the

of

and

blood

the

Arabian

at

Saunders,
and

spodium,

dr. iiss ; of the

sec.

the
of

him.
in

formula

particular

and

Mesue

trochisks

for the

of

camphor, for ardent fevers,heat

satiable
intemperament of the liver,in-

bile, warm

dr. iv ; of

leaves

length in
gen.^ Many

great

Med.

thirst, jaundice, consumption,

rose

their

from

name

(Pract. x, 14)

Mesue's
of

their

trochisks, see

Abbas

trochisks

The

them

De

Serapion (vii,18) ; Haly

(i,8.) The followingis
"

derive

of

treats

work

his

author's

our

trochisks

seeds

of

and

hectics.

liquoriceaa,

of

dr.

ij;

of gum,

of

yellow

cucumbers,

citrons,melons,

gourds, of saffron,of tragacanth,

Of

R.

"

of

dr.

spikenard, aa
j ; of lignum aloes, of cardomum, of starch, of camplior, aa
dr. iij. Mix
with the mucilage
aa
j ; of white sugar, of manna,

of

fleawort

dr.

and

is little different.

same

roses."

of

water

He

for
Myrepsus's formula
describes
the composition of

the
13()

pastils.
"

They

of certain

several.

To
which

with

some
a

of

account

well
as

to

trochisks

and

lozenges.

long
together the

preserve

to unite

time
virtue

the
of

having finelypowdered the ingredients,

be
powdered, they are to
incorporated

purpose
to

be

juice,syrup,

solid

as

medicaments

which
are

following

pastils,rolls, cakes,

invented

were

the

called

also

are

Trochisks
virtue

gives

Charras

Moses

paste, out

or

otlier viscous

of which

are

liquor,to

formed

little

make

with
there-

trochisks,flat.

536

CoMM.

SMEGMATA.

round, triangular,square,

spread upon
from

the
be

may

paper,

put up
are

According
they

the

fire,to

Troches

"

and

into

sun,

dried

be

in

at

all

being

distance

parts alike,

of

in the

and

cakes,

the

ancients,

whereas
internally,

that

Dispensatory,^
stances
glutinous sub-

dried.''

all

and

moderns

former

the

is this

There

the

of

trochisci

ancient

the

with

up

troches

the

of

many

Edinburgh

afterwards

between

the

made

powders

difference,however,
of

for use."

pots

or

directions

small

trochisci

and

yii.

(Royal Phar. ii,21.)

pharmaceuticalpreparationsstill frequentlyused.

composed

are

of the

may

Avliich

otherwise,

or

out

they

in boxes

the

to

long,

dried

end

[book

given

are

used

were

as

applications.Of this descriptionare five out of the six

lis
of them
described
Le Clerc
:
pastilli
by Celsus.
says
differoient
des emplatres, et des collyres,en
ce
qu'iln'entroit
huileuse
servoient
matiere
dans les trochisqueset qu'ils
aucune
external

"

le

pour

la

dedans

aussi

bien

que

dehors."

le

pour

(Hist, de

Med.)

SECT.

XIII.

APPLICATIONS

DRV

ABSTERGENTS

AND

(sMEGMATA.)
Of

dry applicationsor powders,

some

act

some

superabundant
these

discharge,

such

similar
such

and

Samia,

as

when

misy,

burnt,
and

septics are

as

the

paper,

the

from
and

the

like,and
Of

squama

galls;

chalcitis,not

prepared

ulcers, and

those
bark

and

septic,
either by

tares, birthwort, iris,

aloes;
from

restrain

some

by drying the
diphryges,
copper,
or

pine and thorn.

by blunting acrimony
of

But
and

pompholyx, starch, ceruse,

lapis specularis,burnt
oysters,
the compositions from them
sess
pos-

repressing medicines, some

those from
seris,
misy and
but

those

from

copperas,

are

mild,

chalcitis,

verdigris,

caustics

stronger. The
quicklime, arsenic, sandarach,

burnt,

from

from

ulcers,

from

those

as

powers.

those

and

frankincense,

sphecla (impure potass),

terra

those

as

either
cicatrization,

promote

pungency,

hollow

suit with

which

caustic
some
cicatrizing,
incarnative
applicationsact

The

jeris,burnt

squama

those

ulcers, and

are

cleansingfoul ulcers, such

all-heal,myrrh,

Of

of

some

styptic.

some

skin.

incarnants

as

fungous flesh,and
and

the

applied to

are

sviit with

some

are

and
and

SMEGMATA.

xiii.]

SECT,

which
spliecla,
when
less

is the

reduced

to

burnt

fine

The

pungent.
the

537
.

of

and

powder

wine.

All

these

sprinkled upon

things

ulcers, are

duced,
powder to which they are rethey. St}^ticsrestrain bleeding,

the

coarser

pungent

more

lees

are

either

or
by astringing or
cooling, or proving desiccative
obstruent
by burning and forming an eschar ; and the materials

of them
those

have

been

which

such

those

as

the

leaven,

from

section

skin,

Trochisks.

on

cleanse

some

and

pompions,

and

discutient,such

as

the

lemnitis, or

But

from

those

such

the

head

those

as

and

manna,

All

skin

when

Of

of

the

bark

dr.

iv

Of

smegmata
Of

tares, oz.

oz.

galls,of

iv ;

the

and

wine,

melitera

The

of fissile

oz.

of

washed,
iv ; of

from

8eris,of
ceruse,

plied
ap-

from

it,

granate,
pome-

of

oz.
iris,
iss;

frankincense,

oz.

iss.

dr. iv

diy rosin, dr. a'J;

of

of the

Of

Of

wild

of ceruse,
called

rhoedarium

equal parts.

ij.

the

burnt

calamine,

pomegranate,
of

lees

aster,

oz.

wine.

j;

of

iv ; of frankincense,

of

a^ris,of

squama

long birthwort,

fissile alum, of

frankincense,
Of

of

iv.

chalcitis,of

rind, of

of manna,

viij;

oz.
lapisspecularis,

Oribasius.

flowers

powder

of terra

j;

oz.

oysters burnt, oz. iij.

The
powder from frankincense.
The

dr.

add, also,of starch,oz.

some

oysters.

calamine,

arc

of

rind

of tares, dr.

alum,

Manetho

each, oz. j; of pomegranate

From

of
of

iris,dr. ij;

of

Some

of each,
seris,

squama

with

them,

to

abstergents should

or

anointed.

pine, dr, vj ;

cuttle-fish.

discharge

it is not

aloes, dr. vj ;

burnt

lees of

up

of the

ij.

galls,di\ iij;

calamine,

burnt

the

of

the

are

seed

of the

shell

salts, galls, the

birthwort, of

dry application of

The

of

iss

aloes.

dr. iv ; of

of

the

dry

to

natron,

like.

pumice-stone, dr.
From

of

from

the

oz.

birthwort,

Of

order

dry cephalic application.

Another.
of

in

the

applied to
The

of

and

having quicklime and arsenic added

liquid,become
depilatoryand abstergent.

to

be

adarce,

some

hellebore, alcy-

those

some

absterge,

of salt ;

flower

onium, sulphur, stavesacre, mustard, pellitory,the

rosemary,

Of

earth, pumice, bean-meal, barley-

Cimolian

flesh of
and

attenuant

the

applied to

are

in the

mentioned

of

each, oz.
each,

oz.

ss.

j;

of frankincense,
litharge,

equal parts.

uphroditarium.

Of

(a preparation from

frankincense, of

sumach),

of

squama

starch, of

SMEGMATA.

538

[book

vii.

stypticfor spreading ulcers and fungous flesh.

in wine
Of unripe galls,dr. vj ; of gallsburnt, and extinguislied
and
seris,or, if not, of the
dried, dr. xij; of the black squama
red, dr. \4ij; of copperas, dr. xxiv ; of fissile alum, dr. xxvij;
of days.
triturate for a suf36cient number
The

Rhodian

The

powder

burnt

The

of

of

burnt

psarus.

Of

called

ij; of squama
scraped verdigris,oz. ij.
caustic

powder

viva, lb. ij.

dry

and

of

xl ; of

burnt

per,
cop-

of

of

iv ;

galls,oz.

oz.j;

copperas,

arsenic, lb. j ;

of

during the dog-days,then

water

use.

of

ij;

Of

dr.

cyperus,

of

flowers

the

myrrh,

dr.

roses,

ij;

xij;

dr.

saffron,

of

Illyrianiris,of each,

of fissile alum, of

crocomagma,

of

viij;

ij.

mouth
paper,

powder from paper, principallyfor spreading ulcers of the

Of squama
and
those
aris,of burnt
of the pudendum.
of sulphur vivum, of each,
of each, dr. viij
; of arsenic,

xij;

of

it drv, but

sometimes
The

butcher's

alum,

Avith

Of

for such

of
of

of

broom,
willow,

of

with

mix

it with

rose-oil,

rose-oil.
the

same

sumach,
of

oz.

each,

ij;
dr.

crude

salts,of each,

the

of

viij;

pomegranate rind, of each,

of aloes,of
chrysocolla,

fications
morti-

for
{oxymijrsine)

broom

sandarach,

humid

more

dry

are

as

honey along

elm-leaved

the

For

vj.

poivder fi'om butcher's

jmrposes.

leaves

dr.

lead,

burnt

use

and

with

Triturate

floridpoivder.
sandai-ach,dr. iij; of

The

dr.

dr.

Of

heliocaes.

called

The

dr.

misy,

misj^,oz.
seris,oz. ij;

chalcitis,oz.

calx

dr.

chalcitis,dr.

burnt

V.

jwwder

The

of

Of

flavus.

viij;

dr.

copperas,
dr.

of

called

of

dr.

chalcitis,of

leaves

dried

the

vj ;

of

of fissile

seris,

squama

dr. iv.

of

arsenic, of

of

powder ofMassaliotes. Of roasted natron, of chrysocolla,

of fissile alum,
Asian
stone, of sandarach, of misy, of chalcitis,

common

The

of

diphryges,equal parts. Use dry.

The
dry abstergent application(smegma)

the

^scu-

natron, of roasted salt,

bay berries,of Alexandrian
perfume, of aphronitrum, of
Cappadocian salt,of ammoniac

lapian.
of

called

Of

pumice-stone,of each, lb. j j of black hellebore, of fuller's herb,

of pellitory,
of the burnt lees of wine, of stavesacre, of mustard,
of fissile alum, of the schoenanth, of iris,of galls,
of cyperus,
of

each,

oz.

vj ;

of

sampsuchum

(a speciesof marjoram),

lb.

j;

SMEGMATA.

540

of

frankincense,
each,

stone, of each,

of Asian

flower

Avliite

j;

oz.

vii.

liellebore,of litharge,of
hellebore, of

black

leaf,of starch, of

of Indian

iij;

oz.

of

stavesacre,

[book

of

the

of roasted

alcyonium,

earth, of sampsuch (marjoram), of

pumice-stone, of Cimolian
also add of aloes, oz. j.
each, oz. iij; of spikenard, oz. j ; some
Having pounded them, keep the powder in a vessel ; and when
going to use it,put the juice of rice and of ptisan in a pot, and
add

after it boils
of

arsenic, of

of

recent

on

the

the

fissile

lb.

of

iss ; of Gallic

oz.

each,
the

moon,

the

and

month

thrice

unguent

19th,

once

oz.

soap,

iss;of sandarach,

oz.

this

Use

j.

afterwards

and

year,

the

of

day

powder,

alum,

quickhme,

9th

whole

of the

iss;

oz.

month,

for

29th,

the

on

iss ;

of

day

29th

moon.

The

Commentary.

inspersile,quod

conflatum

inspergitur,

cuiTraa^ia,

Oribasius

male

non

videtur

mihi

ut

sint,
If^nraafiaTa

prurituiadhibentur

commovendo

nominat

Aurelianus

gines

has
quse

voces

"m77

luxum

Antyllo

sudoribus

sunt

et

et asper-

ulceribus

quae

conciliandse

vero

0(7;itora

ponere

cohibendis,

Sympasmata

quae

dicta

ad

aut

(jya^ixaKov.
ex

KaTairaajxaTa

etiam
superpouuntur, ^r/'oto

etiam

KarcnraoTOV

inter

pulveribus

gratiam odoris,

potui

aut

KaraTraafxa,

discrimen

siccis

ex

ad

vestibus

aut

Blancard

explained by

aridum

ratione,

varia

vulnerique

ulceri

thus

are

medicamentum

Phnio,

Diapasma.

terms

The different forms

(Lexicon Medicum.)
fragrautiae."
Quatuor
thus characterized by Dr. Blomfield
:
of medicines
are
fit apud
principue mentio
sunt
quorum
genera,
^a^naKwv

in vento

"

Grsecos

auctores

(^aoj^iciKa
^piara,

sextum

eis ad

He
is

says,
a

no

either

for love.

Le

we

are

Diapasmata,
the

toyer

"

pour

Les

"

dire,

On

vel

incantandum

1. 488.)

ute-

Theocritus

(Idyll,xi, 2.)

sense.

of ointment

powder,

or

explains the medicines

Grec
en
jjoudress'appelloient
sees.

On

les

appelloit
He

Catapasta, Sympasmata"
le

em-

thus

medicamens

s'en

oter

medical

in the form

Catapasmata,

Smegma
le peau,

its

Clerc

treating :

6v ^r)oa c'est
Srjpitt

of

in

medicine,

remedy

of which

tTriiraaTov

word

the

uses

(i^wai/na,

inspergendum,

J^schyliPrometh.

ad

(Glossarium

vel

wiaTa

Tci

genus,

unguendum,

plastro obtegendum, bibendiim, edendum,

bantur/'

ifkaaTa, et

-iraaTa,

quintum

additur

quibus interdum
i-rrw^ai,
proat

TTort^ta,
et

servoit

particulierement
pour

demangeaison,

"c.'^

He

says
net-

adds

"

LINIMENTS.

XIV.]

SECT.

de
Lorsqiie il s'agissoit

matieres

tomber

plus fortes et plus

de Forpiment, de

encore

diquees,comme
vivCj et Ton

faire

541

les

detrempoit

les

avec

le

acres

la

poll

celles

que

sandaraque,
En

sues.

prenoit des

on

ces

qu'on
de

cas

(ap.Iliad,

and

(v,9.)
following general descriptionof

Gataker's
Celsus

Quajdam

aridis neque

mixturse

autem

coactis

liquidomixta

terms

see,

Aristoph. (Plaat);

according
quicklime, and

orpiment.

sternutatory, and

the

of

powder

would

consist

His

ninth

tenth

is

of

for

prepared

potass, sulphur,

preparation of
one

aliquo

cum

gollas,if

cines
medi-

quibus

sunt

inspergamus, aut

ut

The

directions,

these

medicamentorum

utimur, sic

illiuamus."

to his

Scholiast.

iv);

depi-

on

Antoninus

gives the

"

is

donnoit

cette

further^Eustathius

""""

la cliaux

on

de psilothrum
composition le nom
particuliere
latoire."
(Hist,de la Med.) On the meaning of the

in-

Comm.

this class

making

gargle.

(V,22.)
Most

of
from

For

Haly

author's

our

(De Med.

Galen.

descriptionof the
internal

aromatics.

of

digestion,consists
sugar,

Nicolaus
the

the
of

oz.

skin

50

of

The

tions,
altera-

see, in

Pulveres,

ix.) Many
Mesne, (i,

particular,
of Mesue's

medicines, consisting principallyof

stomach,

in his

is intended

dispel flatulence,and
ss

of

to

assist

galls,dr. iss

and

describes
copious Dispensatory,'
^

and

smegmata

the

in diseases

like.

the

few

v.)

gen.

lignum aloes, oz.

Myrepsus,

greater number

iss.

composition of

the

sec.

Arabian

Thus, his first preparation, which

humidity

of white

borrowed, with

are

(Pract. x, 16j and

Abbas

compositions are
dry

formulse

former

pulveres consist

pulveres.

intended

are

thereof, such

143

as

The

far

applicationsto
impetigo,leprosy,itch,and
as

of

applicationsto the skin,

of them, we
sternutatories, gargles, and
injections. None
to be taken
are
l)elieve,
inwardly.

SECT.

As

than
the

XIV.

much
the

ON

as

LINIMENTS

the coat

skin, such

applicationsmade

therefore, of

TO

whicli

the

inflammation,

MOUTH

AND

lines the mouth

diff'erence
to

TUE

must

mouth.

medicines

is finer and

there
At
for

TIIllOAT.

be

the

with

softer

regard

to

commencement,

repellingthe

defluxion

LINIMENTS.

542

are

required,sucli

the

gallomphacitis,the
the

alum,
flowers

bark

of

the

wild

of

astringents,with

also

the

pomegranates,
and

the

frankincense-tree,and

tree

in

and,

brambles

of the
of

juice

bark

the

as

unsavoury
the

walnuts

the

at

juice

called mulberries:

acid, and

are

the

all the

word,

those

green

is mixed

Honey

must.

and

of

especiallysuch

more

Aminean

the

exception of those which are

the liquidapplications,
such as

blackberries, both

of the

of

pomegranate

; and

deleterious

and

and

pine

vii.

dry applications,
namely, omptacium,
sumach
of
and
of hypocistis,
and
juice

the

as

[book

and
of

of

quinces

commencement

But
when
the
solelyfor the preservation of the medicines.
humour
lodges in the part, digestiveand moderately-repellent
articles
of

be

to

are

And

liquorice.
the
I

used,

acme

mean,

repellentare

to

have

during

repellent and

be

the

In

decline

figs and

with

honey.

When

juice with

also

honey,

and

then

boil

moderately

The

but

simple

the

that

from

and

the

the

consistence

and

the

whole

liniment

the

to

iij;

sext.

honey,

of

sext.

like.

The

boiled

remains,

liquidhoney,
afterwards

properly united,
glass.
mouth

from

mulberries.

boil

until

third

boil to the

itself

first boil the

must
more

that

must

inflammation
We

liquid

must,

sweet

of the

and

first the

afterwards

are

j,

is to be

at

powders finelyle\dgated,and

in vessels

of

add

rob,

and

little of

the

until

juice of mulberries,

kinds

tween
be-

aphronitrum, origany,

natron,

iris,besasa

juice

which
discutients,

use

sulphur vivum.

some

sprinklethe

it is to be laid up

must

palm-nuts,

to

the

intervenes

of both

discutient

we

as

be

should

dried

that

and

prevailing ingredients, but

the

from

to mix

time

the

applicationthen

are

whole

decline,a compound

hyssop, thyme, calamint,

we

the

astringenc}^,such

no

saffron,myrrh,

as

and

discutient.

the

such

mixed,

and

then

Of

part

the

be

sumed,
con-

consistence

of

honey.
The

compound
hemin.

baths,
dr.

ij;

then

mix,

boil

well

mulberries.

to

the

Of

the

consistence

of

triturated, of

juice of unripe
honey, one hemina;

the

berries is
The

vj ;

of the

oboli; of
Of

from

one

bramble-berries.

grape,
and
The

prepared in like manner,

simple one from walnuts.

juice
the

saffron,dr. j ;

dr.

j;

boil to

of

berries,
mul-

sordes
of

myrrh,

of fissile

alum,

thickness.

proper

in

three

bramblecomposition from
being more
astringent.
Of the juice of the pounded

LINIMENTS.

SECT.

XIV.]

bark

of green

like

that

The

from

at the

and

of

v; of

honey, licmin.

y, it is boiled

mulberries.

compound

and

hemin.

walnuts,

543

of inflammations

acme

the

in the

alum,

The

j;

oz.

preparation from

juice of

sweet

the

juice of

the

Minnsean

dr.

viij;

of
of

phacium,
The
bruised
fissile

mix

mouth,

of saffron

acid

dr.

fissile

alum,

each,

dr.

same

otherwise.

with

their

alum,

of

If you

of each

mean

ij;

of

ij;

double

stomachic

seed,

of the

alum,

of

wild

of

fine

and

from

sweet

of

of

om-

mulberries.

pomegranate

honey,
vj ;

sext.

must,

let the

middle

must

of

be

j;

sext.

of

of

galls,of

each,

sweet,

has

state

j.
if

intermediate

j ; of oil,oz.
They are melted

iv.

dr.

but

lb.

honey,

saffron,dr.

rue),

ashes

of

oz.

of

schoenanth,

the

Illyrianiris,of besasa

of

of

cinnamon,
j;

oz.

dried

of

roses,

of

seed

Of

of

(which

anise

viij;
in

bishop^s weed,
call

some

j;

oz.

of Indian

thus

seed, of parsley

of

nard,

sums

of

up

of

of amoraum,

it is

saffron,of

cassia, of

costus, of

the

of fissile

harmala,

troglodyticmyrrh,

each,

Celsus

these

of

besasa.

long birthwort,

pigeons, oz. iij;

of honey, q. s.

Commentary,
of

like that

j;

sext.

galls,of each,

saffron,of myrrh,

Of

medicine,from

gall, of each,

ss

of

iv ; of

vessel.

The

the

of

of

the

ss.

Of

The

stomachic.

turpentine,oz.

oz.

demulcent,

properties.
The Egyptian

honey,

Illyrian iris

juice
vj ; of

sext.

must.

repellent,austere.

the

myrrh,

dr.

it for

of

viij. Prepare
Of

of

ij;

Of

kernels, sext.

of crocomagma,

viij;

kernels,

j;

oz.

their

sext.

dr. iv ;

preparation from

fissile

without

pomegranates,

myrrh,

dr.

myrrh,

juice of pomegranates.

the

pomegranates,

alum,

The

as

each,

of

commencement,

cline
ij; and in the deadd, as a discutient,of natron, dr. j ; of sulphur,dr. j, to
aforementioned
proportions of the juice and of honey.

the

of

In

ivalnuts.

from

one

the
of

magma,
croco-

fresh

each,

general propertiesComm.

laevandi
aut
Gargarizationes autem
preparations:
fiunt,aut reprimendi, aut evocandi.
Lsevant, lac,cremor

causa

vel

"

vel
ptisanaj,

vel rosa,
sunt

vel

furfurum

nibus,

reprimit

vel cotoneum

in qua

aqua,

malum,

vel

vel

lenticula,
palmulaj decoctse

evocant, sinapi,piper." (v,22.)

Galen

treats

of

these

compositions very

"

and
systematically,

'

"

'

at

CoMM.
'"

loc.'

"

sec.

tions

are

of such

far

The

DELICIOUS

ON

XV.

Comp. Med.
author's
jirescripDe

'

list

added

articles

certain

of

composed

are

it,such

to

POTIONS.

OFFICINAL

AND

potions,some

officinal

delicious

having

our

vii.

copied from it. Myrepsus likewise gives a long

like compositions (" ix.) See also Aetius
(viii.)

SECT.

Of

of

number

greater

work,

of his

the sixth book

great length, in

'
'

[book

POTIONS.

544

as

wine,

wormwood,

pepper,

things,from which they sometimes

with
sometimes
receive their appellation,
having honey mixed
not ; and
are
some
and sometimes
composed from water
them
certain
boiled apples or roses, with
been
have
juices,
in which
and

sowbread,

such

of

those

as

other

many

unripe
the

this account

On

The

austere

Cebyra

in small

vessels

formed

without

of

utility.

which

(or

whets

"

and

wine

from

consumed
receive
which
and
to

part

one
are

boiled

not

be

boiled,

They

vessels,which
above

situations
used

as

in
the

covered
cases

to

after
up.

which

their
be

weakness

laid up

and

are

Cnidium,

well

mixed

are

boiled

they

Those

from

those
or

which
the

like

fever, or

in small

we

from

earthen

deposited in
They are to
But

the

settling,is
use

relish

for the

or

readily

are

water.

and

time,

require

pitched

with

prepared
purgatives);
are

things

water

they

being boiled like must,

Those
composed from wine

part of

sufficient

from

Those

are

of which

be

free

which
one

liquor.
for

of

four

to

not

are

things

propotions

Those

carefullycovered up and
ground until they are concocted.

exception of

granum

all to

are

they

isolated

be

to

from

attenuants,

omphacomel
be

are

two

to

are

because

those

parts

it
alone

honey

honey

two

of the

omphacomel.

the
particularly

changed.

be

honey

if

but

boiling;

of

known

juices,if boiled, receive

liquor,about

of the

from

brought

I have

boiled.

with

sometimes

called

scummed

being

and

But
are

myrtles.

is mixed

from

is made

which

of

sext.

for

substance.

wine,

from

and

the

in

apomel

without

water

three

to

the
other

receive

made

are

prepared
honey

"?)

exception;

an

as

any

prepared

are

is

honey,

water, without

and

honey

preservation,sweetness,
and
vinous
hydromel

of

sake

the

for

them

scummed

finest

and

pomegranates,

grapes,

principally
only (with

scammony,

in such

to

the

affections

as

POTIONS.

XV.]

SECT.

when

them

would

we

admit

the

of

use

or

affections,as apomel

for

bowels,

of

atteuuant

or

in

rosaton

of the

vomitings and
washes
The
clean
sext.

i of

sext.

the

the

filtrated

the

of

the

hydro-

fevers, resolutions,

and
rho-

dysentericcases, and
They are frequentlyused

of

honey,

it until

it be

thev

fire,

after

apples

water, mix

Of

juice of apples.

until

the

not

with

agreeing

as

oraphacomel, myrteton,

quinces

well-water

the

measured

and

ij;

clean

from

moving them
and
having
and

from

Of

does

for
as

mouth.

quinces bruised, sext.

vj. Boil, scumming
"

juiceswe

disease

the

cseliac and

of the

hydromelum

part. Another.
in

defluxions.

in affections

the

or

sialogogue,diuretic,laxative
hvimours
hj^dromelon and
; and

stomach

other

ingredientsof

rhoita, in

and

dostacton,

water,

sometimes

thirst, ardent

of

cases

derangements

and

tlie

are

when

sweeteners,

as

wines,

Avhich

prepared from

Those

in febrile cases,

use

the medicines

use

the mouth.

by

545

with

reduced

throw

of

to

pieces,lb.

become

soft.

become

they

juice

iij;

sext.

into

cut

the

them

of

water,
a

third

v.

Boil

Then

re-

cold, strain,

Having

away.

it half the

quantity of honey,
eighth part be consumed.

again,scumming it until the

Some
the hydromelum
in like manner
from
sweet
compose
apples.
The comiiosition
Of roses
of the hydrorosatum.
deprived of
their nails (the white
parts of the leaves),lb. iv ; of water,
of honey, sext. ij.
sext. v;
The preparation of the Rhodomelum.
Of the juiceof quinces,
sext. j ; of roses, lb. iij
iij; of water, sext, v.
; of honey, sext.
But
since the apples are
found
the same
at
not
with
season
the roses, these are
to be added
to honey at the proper
season,
the apples appear,
and
when
the composition is to be completed.
boil

preparation of

The
grapes,
the

sun

sext.

for

iij;

of

Apomel

from

having

broken

III.

the

sext.

the

tilled with

Avith

of Myrteta.

honey,

combs

water

omphacomel.

Of

the

juice of unripe

iij; of honey, sext. j. Having mixed,

forty days, or boil.

sext.

preparation

The

the

j.

ivorks

honey,

down

the

honey

until

Boil

Of

the

till the

third

of Phalaffriifs.
lb.
comb
the

of

j;

and
scum

expose

juice

of

myrtles,

is consumed.
Of

white

united
it and

boil

them,
the

houev-

lb.

spring water,
of

it to

waxy
35

iiiss ;
the

part

546

POTIONS.

swim

the

on

top and

is

[book

separated^then

cool

and

vii.

it up

cover

carefully.
The

composition of

without

their

it,until
The

fourth

honey,

Commentary.

CoMM.

of the

was

lines

was

Anfidius

here

Catius

juice of pomegranate,

third

part.

of the
alludes

decet

of

the best.

account

it in the

to

cipal
prin-

or

supper,

ing
follow-

venis

praecordiamulso
(Lib. ii,Sat. 4.)

practiceof using strong wine

Old
Falernian
wine
Propoma.

the
Thus

pepper,

ointment."

leni

the

Macrobius

"

Indian

(Deip. ii,25.)

of

says

it

Mulsum

"

for
was

quo
Falerno

Hymetto
Propoma," says Athenseus,
leaf,myrrh, cyperus, and Egyptian
esse

(Satvirn.vii,12.)
added

Falerno,

melius."

miscendum

probe temperes,

mella

vaciiis committere

quoniam

condemns

composition

were

to

Horace

forti miscebat

Prolueris

"

the

commencement

Nil nisi lene

vetulo."

roses

draught generallycontaining wine,

ancients.

Meudose

thought

of

"

the

juice

shall in the first placegive some

at the

of the

meal

Of

Boil

j.

sext.

It

taken

the

honey, sext.j. Boil, scumming

rha-tes.

We

Propoma.

which

Of

part be consumed.

preparation of
of

ij; of

nails,sext.

the

iij;

sext.

rhodostactum.

To

et

novo

the

long

list of

receiptsfor Propomata

of them
contain
wine,
given by Myrepsus (" 38.) Most
aromatics.
See
learned
Dissertation
the
a
on
honey, and
(in Athen.
Propoma
by Casaubon
Deipnos. ii, 17) ; also
Lister
(in Apicii Op. i,1.)
is

It

will

be

wines,
of the

or,

as

we

would

the

fifth book

to
now

Dioscorides

ancients.

fullyin

very

here

proper

give some

account

call

the

them,

details
of his

'

the

Vinous

Materia

of linen

; then

and

allow

it to

the

wine

into

put it into

for three

macerate

another

vessel,and

of quinces is to be
quinces, deprived of their

wine

20

Tinctures,

Medica.^

prescriptionfor the wine of squills

squills,and having pounded it,sift,and bind

piece

cated
medi-

composition of

is his

of

of the

sextarii

of

months

them

The

Take
it in

good

lowing
folmina
thin

fresh

afterwards

it up

must,
strain

carefully.
prepared by putting 12 minse
seeds,

cover

into

cadus

of

must,

The
of
and

COLLY

548

XVI.

SECT.

various.

of

sooth

which

metals

it were,

as

are,

starch, lead,

washed

and

substances,

of

acrid

an

humours

be

flower

for

The

there

the

and

and

abstergents,such
Some

stone.

of

moderately astringent

of the

Some

tergents
de-

are

chalcitis,

burnt.

Allied

to

arsenic,sandarach,

as

of

are

and

Cyrenaic

of these

astringent,and

are

eyes

collp'ia

seris,copper,

antimony

be

the

evacuants

the like.

the squama

as

of

the

as

be

to

should

coats

and

such

pom-

are

there

opposite class

euphorbium,

called

if

deobstruents

are

These

egg.

of

danger

as

aster, calamine, all

an

head,

of copper,

flowers

of Asian
are

as

of

distension.

nature,

those

are

such

will

the

ulcers,such

misy, sori,the
the

of

juices,sagapen,
of foul

composed

are

obstruents, such

Samian

white

permanently lodged

Median

these

the

evacuation

plethora of it,there
being ruptured by
being

medicines

ophthalmic

pholyx, spodium,
after

APPLICATIONS.

liquid,seeds, fruits,the parts

Of these, some
ingredientsin them.

are

and

acrimonies,

used

vii.

inspissatedand

For

and

herbs,

AGGLUTINATIVE

AND

from

materials

The
are

COLLYRIA

'OX

[book

RI A.

extensive

for

use

ophthalmies, ulcers, and defluxious,as the leaves, fruit, and

of roses,
flowers
spikenard, Indian leaf, saSron, glaucium, and
Those

hypocistis.
mixed

with

sight,such
and

remedies

those

as

juice of fenugreek.
simply

are

coUyria.
mentioned,
most

not

not

The

subside, nor

quantities,so
of baths.

the

that

are

of

Rain-water

moderately astringent.
levigatedand triturated

all

the
to

the

be
should
But
with

summer

ai'ticles

being

rubbed

float

on

rubbed

the
the
until

used,

if not,

wine

are

or

with

and

those
some

the
some

hygro-

some

formerly

to be

prepared

strength

is

constricted
the

metallic

parts

juice;

the

may

sordes

it is finer
are

of

in small

it is like the

things

apt
do

addition

surface,but

because

and

concoctive

are

rosemary,

their

be

be

wild

materials

They

quantity that

aromatic

it may

the

of

ophthalmic medicines,

all states.

in winter

in great

not

flowers

are

the

sharpening

xerocollyria,and

admit

with

properly. They

fluid,but

for

galls. Some

compound

spring,for in

in

commonly
mix

Of

agree

used

myiTh, saffron,castor,

first class

and

are

and

plasta,some

evaporate, and

to

called

stronger astringency

acacia, the

pomegranate,

discutient,such

of

which

omphacium,

as

cultivated

of the

possessed

to

and
be

metallic

COLLYRIA.

XVI.]

SECT.

for

substances
sliorter.
and

gum,

last,after

At

formed

having

Those

pterygium,

and

verdigris,and
of these

juices are

misy.

Some

occasion
dimness

and

medicines

these

the

finest

be
Of

chalcitis,

discharge

of

of

sight,and

are

those

applied to

the

But

powder.

be

to

are

to

Some

spikenard.
as

of

from

the

tears,
posed
com-

lactics
prophy-

are

Phrygian stone,

sarcocolla, glaucium, aloes, calamine, antimony,

All

the

absterge callus,sycosis,

aflFections,
being composed

things,pepper

vessels

copper

scabious

and

add

improve by keeping.
and

preventing influxes,such

for

from

for

must

in

up

prepared

down,

obstructions

with

agreeing

them

metallic

the

juicy substances

trituration,we

them, lay

melt

some
xerocollyria,

the

sufficient

in glass.
or
especially,
used
immediately, but
the

and

longer time,

549

and
in

eyes

hygrocollyria are

saffron.
of

state

prepared

from

subtile kind
from
honey, opobalsam, oil of the most
age,
the juice of fennel, the gallsof different animals, the Cyrenaic
other
atare
things. Those
things which
juice,and many
Attic

calefacient,and

tenuant,

incipientsuffusions.

sight,and
to

used

be

is

atmosphere
not

very

made

are

the white
humour

TJie

of

an

vmder

and

Tlie

of gum,

dr.
dr.

copper,

wine.

It is discutient
chiucum

of

opium,

austere

The
oz.

vj;
ij.

oz.

j.

Triturate

the

flower

with

collyrian cygnarium.

Of

of

washed

ij;

of

Triturate

ceruse,

oz.

tragacanth,of
with

the

northerly,and
called

aggluobstruent, agglutinative,
desiccative, such

of fresh

not

calamine,

iv ;

of

roasted

rain-water.

contain

mature
im-

deprived of

roses

of gum,

of the

of

each,

Amina^an, Falernian,

must

the

when

desiccative.

pouch),

wine

But

is

sinopic vermilion,

call the

(which we

wine.

starch,oz.
oz.

wind

preparations

and

Of

gall,of saffron,of
nails

things are

xxxij; of calamine, dr. xxiv ; of

viij; of opium, dr. j. Triturate

waslied

collyrium

all acrid

of

when
They are glued to the forehead
the scalp,but external
to it.
for incipientand old ophthahnies. Of

egg.

is not

dimness

earth, myrrh, shells, acacia, opium,

collyrium monenieron

in austere

their

the

Those

for

plethora,and

such

Samian

acacia, dr. xxxvj

burnt

and

pure,

cold.

from

pollen,manna,

with
the

nor

and

things as are
constringent, refrigerant,styptic,or

tinants

as

hot

very

and

serene

These

is free from

head

the

when

useful

purgative are

oz.

iv;

Chian

or

salt water.

burnt

and

pompholyx,

opium, of

oz.

gum,

washed,
iv ; of
of

each,

COLLYRIA.

550

Of

The

pale-colouredcygnus.
ij; of terra aster, oz. ij;

oz.

of

viij;

oz.

of

canth,
The
of

each,

white

of gum,

of

viij;

of

saffron,of each,

tender

Of

verdigris,dr. xij;

of

fruit of

of

saffron, dr.

Indian

Chian

or
a

The
oz.

of

white

an

xij; of

and

ceruse,

of

in
The
the

sand

viij;

oz.
oz.

roses,

vj j

dr.

dr. iv

each,

of

vj ;

of fresh

the

times

day, in

juice of fenugreek, then

of

vj ;

with

calamine,

thicker.

water,
oz.

Triturate

iij.

of

oz.

vj.

melilots,of

Of

the

dissolve

ceruse,

of

juice

it in

calamine,

of

milk

of

xvj ;

oz.

tragacanth, of acacia,

Triturate

with

of poppy

poppy,

repellent collyrium,from
found

in copper

burnt

and

oz.

vessels

j;

of

used

washed,

of washed

pompholyx,

hydria

myrrh,

of gum,

lb.

j.

lb.

the

decoction

-heads,

oz.

j;
of

or

of

rice,
liquo-

for

j;

vessels.

water

heating water,
of

washed

of the

each,

lb.

ceruse,

aster, of each,

terra

fleawort, of ptisan,of fenugreek,

oz.

oil of

equal parts.

frankincense,
'

iij;

dr. xxiv ;

poppy,

myrrh,

calamine,

starch, of opium,

of

of gum,

ij;

calamine

washed

dr.

alum,

dr. viij;
seris,

last,with

at

decoctions.

collyrium from

each,

of dried

scraped

dr. iv ; of the

in three

the

Of

burnt

Ha^dng

of

gum,

of

wash.

then
The

oz.

of fissile

of

of

iij;

water.

xvj ;

juice of

iij;

dr.

great affections.

of squama

ij;

of

of gum,

xviij;

with

dr.

nard,

of the

and

severianum.

tragacanth,

fenugreek.

viij
;

with

milk,

or

egg

collyrium

dr.

It is rubbed
diluted

vij;

Falernian, Surentine, Aminsean,

with

wine.

austere

ceruse,

acacia, of

Triturate

watery state, being

the

of

of

buckthorn,

xvij;

oz.

of ceruse,

myrrh,

and

of

dr.

xiij;

water.
rain-

starch, oz.

dr.

each,

Triturate

of castor, dr.

iv ;

dr. iiss.

roses,

dr.

heath,

of

dr. ix ; of

of Indian

of copper,

unripe olives,dr. ij;

of the

antimony,

chalcitis,dr. iij;

of burnt

of

dr. iss.

dr. xxiv

calamine,

with

calamine,

collyrium, for hypopium

brown

The

acacia, of traga-

of ceruse,

vij;

Of

acacia,of opium,

dr. xxiv ; of

copper,

dr.

ulcers.

collyrium pelarion for

pompholyx,

Triturate

xv

washed,

rain-water.

tragacanth, of starch, of each,

of

oz.

frankincense,
with

ij; of

iv.

and

iv ; of

oz.

oz.

oz.

calamine,

Triturate

xiij.

oz.

The

each,

Of

cygnus.

dr.

opium,

opium,

of gum,

j;

oz.

burnt

calamine,

of ceruse,

of

ij;

starch, oz.

[bookvii.

oz.

vj ;

Of

iij;
of
of

juice of linseed,of

lb.

j;

of

tragacanth,

COLLYRIA.

XVI.]

SECT.

The

collyrium of Nilamon.

pholyxj oz.
opium,

of

The

iv

juiceof

Of

calamine,
of

j;

of

viij;

oz.

of

tragacanth,

poraof

gum^

Rain-water.

of

poppy,

of linen

dr.

of gum,

iij;

the

tender

quantity of water,

juice thus
of

filtrate

of

Triturate

leaves

and

earth, of

xv.

the

Prepare

more

Samian

dr.

dr.

each,

the

with

having

olive,washed,

through

piece

rag.

The

tender

dr. iv ; of

collyrium from

antimony, dr.

dr. xlix ; of Samian

of

j;

dr. xxiv ; of

each,

each,

mortar

moderate

of

of

antimony,

fresh olive leaves.

in

pounded

of

frankincense,

of ceruse,

juice of

dr.

lb.

ceruse,

iv.

oz.

Of

collyrium spodiacon, for inflammations,defluxions,and

calamine,

add

each,

chemoses.

the

of

551

of green

xv

olive

of

leaves.

lead, burnt

and

dr.

calamine,

earth, dr. xviij;

xxviij; of ceruse,
opium, dr. vj ; of gum,

of

dr.

washed,

frankincense,

Of

viij. Mix

with

the

juice

The

olive leaves.

yellow collyrium from

dr.

of

xij;

opium,

sandy x,

ij;

oz.

of

xxiv

oz.
oz.

gum,

olive leaves.

green

; of

olive

Mix

x.

Of

burnt

with

palm

per,
cop-

ij; of

leaves, oz.

wine,

or

Aminsean.
The

Claudiac

colla, of

each, dr, xlviij

;

of

myrrh,
of gum,

bloodstone,

dr.

Of

collyriumfrom myrrh.
of

Mix

xvj.

saffron, dr.

of

each,

with

dr. vi ; of

xxiv

of

of

sarco-

opium,

of

tragacanth, dr. xMij

wine.

Italian

glaucium,

be

To

used

with

an

eggAnother

collyrium from

calamine

washed,
of

myrrh,
of
XXX

of gum,

with

an

egg,

The
dr.

XX

iv

(but some
dr. xvj. Mix

and

stacticon

in recent

washed,
dr.

use

with

Italian

Of

of Prosechius.

viij;

of

raw

each,

misy,

grs.

be

of gum,

dr.

each,

of white
of

To

used

water.

of

viij;

pepper,

wine.

calamine,

dr.

dr.

white

with

Of

xxviij; of
opium, dr. viij;

of

viij)
; of

diluted

cases

antimony, of copperas,
of scraped verdigris,
dr.

saffron,dr.

of

each, dr. xxiv;

of

of

dr. xiv ;
of

of bloodstone

Cyprian spodium,

saffron,dr.

myrrh, for fistulalachrymalis.

of
of

viij;

each,

opium,
dr.

pepper,

opobalsam,

vj ;

dr. iv.

Water.
The

each,

hygidium
dr.

dr. iv ; of
burnt

xvj

of

of ceruse,

squama

lead, of each,

Of

Ammonius.

of castor, of

(seris
?),

dr. v;

dr.

of

viij;

calamine,

of

copper,

of

aloes, of saffron,of each,

of the

flower

l)uckthorn, dr. iij;

of

roses,

of the

of

stone

COLLYRIA.

552

dr.
scliistos,

dr.

opium^

of

fraukinceuce,
of

antimony,

burnt

"washed,

of

calamine,

of

of

opium,

of the oil of

buckthorn,

of roses,

flower

the

manner
oz.

gum,

of

roses,

dr.

each,

of

myrrh,
Hie

dr.

dr. iv

The

of

each,
dr.

gum,
Tlte

dr.

of

In

of

seed

dr. iv
of

of

of

saffron,of

xviij;
dr.

of

xij;

of

opium,

antimony,

viij;
of

of

of

of ceruse,

j;

of
of

aloes,

of

acacia,of

dr.

ceruse,

iv ; of
of

meconium,

bloodstone, of
dr.

opium,

calamine,

of

copper,
v

of

the stone
of

schistos,
\

erdigris,

chalcitis,dr. ij;

of

wine.
Of

burnt

pumice-stone,
calamine,

dr.

vj ;

of

burnt

opium,

of

of Indian

antimony, of acacia, of each, oz. j ; of

of troglodyticmyrrh, dr, iv ; of spikenard,

of

ij;
iv

oz.

of

of

chalcitis,of saffron,of hepatic aloes, of castor,

dr.

of

gum,

antimony,

burnt

oz.

of

Rain-water.

shells,of each,

copper,

henbane,

of burnt

burnt

in

for three

misy,

dr.

leaf,dr. j.

Of

dr.

Of

collyrium xyster.

leaf,of each,

of castor,

water.

copper,

j.

the

Syriac nard,

"With

burnt
of

viij;

in water

dr.

collyrium.

dr.

of

soaked

calamine,

copper,

and

Indian

number

the

to

of Indian

verdigris,dr. ij;

xvj ;

viij.

pahn-nuts,

dr. iv ;

xvj.

each,

dr.

of

ij;

reed,

burnt

of

dr.

aromatic

collyrium rhinarion.

each,

of

of

each, dr. j ;

be

of

squama,

of

there

Of

burnt

ceruse,

grapes,

Let

Theudotian

xx

buckthorn,

xxx

dr.

each,

small

myrrh,

dr.

myrrh, of roasted
of scraped,verdigris,

red

the

palms,

burnt

of

dr.

of

of burnt

the

each,

xxxvj ;

acacia, of each,

of

each,

collyrium of nard.

The

each,

bones

days, of

nights and
of dried

of

Rain-water.

V.

saffron,dr.

unripe

of

xij;

dr.

schistos,

stone

of

washed,

and

each,

dr. iv ; of

each,

iij; of the

like

of guin^

or

washed,

of the

acacia^ dr. xj ;

of

nard,
Olympiacum. Of acacia, of spikeand
burnt
each, dr. viij; of copper,

collyrium Olympus,

of

dr.

vii.

Water.

xlviij.
TJie

iv ; of

[book

viij;

of gvim,

dr. iv.

Some

Rain-water.

also

wine.

mix

hecatomb

The
burnt

and

collyrium for

wa;hed,

of

copper,

thick
burnt

cicatrices.
and

washed,

Of
of

calamine,
each,

dr.

antimony bm'ut, of the yellow acacia, of gum, of each,

dr. XV ; of aloes, of galls,of aerugo vermiculata, of castor, of
Imckthorn, of spikenard, of saffron, of opium, of myrrh, of
of the shavings of ebony, of chalcitis,of each, dr. j ; of
ceruse,
viij;

roses,

of

dr. Ix.

Rain-water.

of

hartshorn,
of

each,

The

calamine,

of

each, oz. iij;

canth,

dr.

of

whites

of

twenty

xviij;

of ceruse,
of

ij;

oz.

incarnant
The

j;

oz.

oz.

ij.

oz.

coUyrium

of

Vj

dr.

each,
of

iv;

of

j;

oz.

j. Triturate
Of
of Cleon.

oz.

ceruse,

with

The

washed,

of

iij;

burnt

and

dr.

vj ;

It is

the

Of

an

of

each,

ivhite

of

oz.

iij;

of

starch, oz.

juice of fenugreek.
of

lead, of each,

stomomatis,

Ixxii

containing

dr.

of gum,

j;

oz.

of

ounces

burnt

and

iij;

dr.

washed,

saffron,dr. viij;

of

Of

roses.

of

green

xxiv;

aeris,

squama
of

of

opium,

of

starch, dr. ij;

of

Rain-water.

ceruse,

tragacanth,

of

Injectdiluted.

coUyrium

of

calamine,

; of

xxx

pompholyx,

the squama

Ixxii,of calamine,

dr. xxiv.

gum,

of

xij;

opium,

scraped verdigris,dr. ij;of spikenard, dr. j; of

A\ ashed, dr.
ij; of antimony, bm'nt and washed,
myrrh,

of

starch,

oz.

Rain-water.

ij.

the

viij. Water.

antimony,

oz.

of

aster, dr.

aster, washed,

dr.

and

lead, dr. viij;

terra

each,

pompholyx,

terra

of

viij;

saflron,oz. iss;of
coUyrium

ruses,

Of

of

oz.

of

dr. iv.

myrrh,

gum,

washed,

oz.

Rain-water.

The

of

of

pompholyx,

and

opium,

Tlie

traga-

starch, of

Rain-water

repellent.
coUyrium from the juice offenugreek.

of

oz.

of

washed,
teris,

and

tragacanth, of each,
XXX

of gum,

of squama

bm'nt

calamine,

Of

of

of Magnus.

dr.

Uranium.

spodium, washed,

also of

each, dr. xvj ;

tragacanth, of

of

coUyrium

washed,

of

of

tragacanth,

dr. iv.

add

aster

frankincense,

mj'rrh,dr. ij;
TJie

the

of

washed,

Some

of

gum,

of

calamine,

spodium,

of gum,

xij;

called

of

xij;

and

eggs.

coUyrium

calamine,

dr.

opium,

washed

Of

dr.

iv

seris,oz.

\j ;

oz.

Rain-water.

vj.

coUyrium.

aster, of starch, of

of squama

vj ;
oz.

of ceruse,

xij;

of

The

of

seris,of starch,

shell,of verdigris,of

burnt

of terra

oz.

opium,

burnt

oz.

aster, of lead, burnt

viij;

dr.

of ceruse,

Libanian
dr.

each,

pompholyx,

iij;

oz.

The

terra

lead, of

j. Rain-water.
coUyrium from frankincense. Of frankincense,
of

of gum,

myrrh,

each,

burnt

of squama

of
cuttle-fish,

of

frankincense,

Of

of ceruse,

ij;

oz.

oo3

Galen.

from horn, of
colhjriuin

The

of

COLLYRIA.

xvl.]

SECT,

of

from

washed,
each,

saffron,oz.

of

of

lb.

each,

iij;

oz.

iss;

Of

roses.

of

calamine,

burnt

of

starch,

aloes,

iss ;

j;

roses

without

Of

calamine,

oz.

their

of

and

opium,

of

gum,

nails, oz.

vj.

Water.
The

coUyrium from

aloes.

of ceruse,

of

aloes.

COLLYRIA.

554

of

each,

opium,

oz.

j;

oz.

of

tragacanth, oz.

The

of

of

dr. iv ; of
dr.

ammoniac

oz.
sarcocollaj
vj ;

of

j;

The

j;

the

opium, of each, dr. AJ ;

bulls, of galbanum, of sagapen,

of

of

saffron,dr. xij;

Thebaic

Ethiopian
viij; of myrrh,
dr.

opoponax,

dr.

xvj ;

of

xij;

of

dr.

of

ammoniac,

of

and

it also attenuates

of crude

of
chalcitis,

purposes,

of ceruse,

Cyrenaic juice,dr. viij;

dr.

opium,

xij; of

of sal

opoponax,

same

dr. iss ;

olive,dr.

each,

Rain-water.

calamine,

xl ; of pepper,

calamine,
of

dr.

Of

Of

water.
Rain-

xij;

gall of
of
scraped verdigris,

cicatrices.

each, dr.

of

iv;

Thebaic

of

of gum,

of

dr.

roses,

dr. iv.

gum,

perfume,

vj.
collyrium Proteus, for the

each,

dried

of

dr. iss ; of

henbane,

of

"vj;

obol.

poppy,

bloodstone,

hepatic aloes, of

dr.

spikenard,

of the white

ij;

glauciura,oz.

of

copper,

myrrh,

of

Of

roses.

of

iij;

iij.Rain-water.

oz.

collyrium lynceusfor sharpening the sight.

burnt

each,

of gum,

ij;

vii.

of

ij;

saffron, dr. ij;

The

of

of

ivss ;

dr.

yj ; of starch, oz.

oz.

roses,

tragacanth,oz. j. Rain-water.
Of tender
coUyrium from roses, of Nilus.
dr.

opium,

of

green

aloes, of each,

of

saffron, dr.

of

of

saffron collyrium from

T7ie
roses,

[book

of

arsenic, of

fissile

ammoniac

perfume,

dr.

opobalsam,

alum,

of

dr.

sagapen,

of

dr.

xij;

each,

xx

of

dr.

gum,

of

xx.

rain-water.

In

dr.

the

collyrium from

The

xvij;

of Indian

ink,

dr.

juice of fennel.

xvj ;

of

long

pepper,

Of
dr.

calamine,

xiij,and

of

xij; of Cyrenaic juice,dr. viij; of opobalsam, dr. vj ;

of opoponax,
of each, dr. v ; of
dr. vj ; of sagapen,
of sj)ikenard,
Triturate
opium, dr. iv ; of euphorbium, dr. j ; of gum, dr. j
white,

dr.

with

the

juice of fennel.

collyrium from

The

opobalsam.

Of

calamine,

viij; of the oil of unripe olives,dr. iv ;

xvj ; of opium, dr. iv; of opobalsam, of gum,

each,
dr.

dr.

of ceruse,

of white
of

of

pepper,

each,

dr.

xvj.

Rain-water.
The

verdigris,oz. ij;
of Median
oz.

gum,
The
copper,
dr.

j;

called

collyrium

of Indian

ink, oz.

?)
juice (assafoetida
vj.

oz.

viij;

calamine,
of white

pepper,

of

opobalsam,

ammoniac

perfume,

j;

viij;

oz.

oz.

oz.

ij;

of

iv

of

Water.

collyrium

harmation.

of the bark
of gum,

Of

thalasseros.

of

dr. iv.

Of

frankincense, of
Rain-water.

each.

dr. iv

of

of

burnt

verdigris,

COLLYRIA.

556

cati07is, and
dr.

XX

of pepper,

calamine

xv

gr.

reduce

to

of

germander,

carrot, of

nard,

dr.

fine

of

vii.

clialcitis,

triturate

j;

dried

the

add

the

juice of

wild

powder.
Of

and

the

sometimes

of

othonna,

great celandine.

is the

sycosis, encanthis,

Another, for

when

and

iviJd carrot.

cresses,

othonna

The

equal parts.

dr.

wine,

liquid coUyrium from

T7ie

calamine^

of Celtic

clialcitis with

and

things and

other

Of

hypersarcoma.

[book

and
Attic

dr. iv ; of

Of

sarcoma.

roasted

j.
The
liquid collyrium panchrestus of Erasistratus, having
in complaints of the eyes, tonsils,pudenda,
wonderful
efficacy,
dr. vj ; of roasted
Of
and
misy, of
suppurated ears.
copper,
of

misy, dr. \^ ;

of

myrrh,
Chian

each,

dr.

and

of

wine,

all the

triturated

iij;

of

saffron,dr.

Cretan

of

must,

of

consistence

iss

honey,

sext.

of pepper,

until

di\

iss.

each, hemin.

wine

the

in

things

boil to the

and

must

copperas,

dry,

j ; of
Having
in

pour

the

honev.

earth, of
Agylutinantsfor defluxionsof the eyes. Of Samian
of frankincense, of myrrh, equal parts.
Adding to it
manna,
linen.
the white
of an
spread upon
egg, apply to the forehead
Another.
of

myrrh,

two

"

'
'

"

dr.

roasted

of

ij;

i.

e.

the

with

dr.

j;

of

white

of

the

an

collyrium
trunca, being expressive of

Cauda

It

and

to

fistulous

ob^dous, therefore,that

is

the

ulcers.

the

ancients

the
than
general signification
gives the following description of the
more

uns,

qiu

etoient

de

composes

t,r)ooKo\\ovoia,collyressees.
des

matieres

humides
les

ou

niemes

Les

used

the

ancient

oia

Le

collyria:

seches, eurent

autres,

x,

le

23.)
in

word

do.

moderns

eye,

Clerc
"

Les
de

nom

il n'entroit

que

collyres
liquides, s'appellerentvypoKoXXou'pu,
liquides. Les ingrediens des premieres, qui etoient
des poudres
des collyresentieres,etoient
que ceux

metalliques,de
de-gris, de
entroit

matieres

Coll.

(Med.

their

derivation

"

uterus,

from

word

prefersthe
shape. (Defin.]\Ied.) Blancard
from
KioXvh) and povq.
(Lexicon Medicum.)
that
Oribasius
states
applied to
collyria Avere
the

j;
yelks of

the

egg.

conical

to

dr.

opium,

of pollen,dr. iv

derives

Gorrseus

/coAojSj/
ovpo,

henbane,

saffron,dr. j ;
Mix

eggs.

of

seed

the

Commentary.

CoMM.
"

Of

"

aussi

ceruse,

de

chalcitis,de
des

pompholyx,
cadmia,

poudres

tirees

et

des

d'antimoine
autres

hrule,de

semblables.

plantes, quelques

vert-

II
sues

COLLYRIA.

XVI.]

SECT.

d'herbes, et
du

dc

sue

faisait

Ton

que

lorsqu'on vouloit
seulemcnt

exeraple, du
V

auimal,

autre

de

yeux

on

qui

ceux

Galen's
success

with

of

late,we

study

la

the

of

as

as

vinum

and

in ancient

for the

of

cure

them,

which

those

detail

med.

sec.

of

them

de

quelque

de

cela

un

dans

les

suffusion

of the

very

and

been

of the

that

an

of

vated
culti-

present
attentive

several

opium,
not

so
an

of his

that

the

original

powerful escharotics,

indicates
is arsenic

from

has

from

practice is

eye ?

iv

oculists

contain

Why

extraordinarj'^

eye

remarked

contain

taken

par

Notwithstanding

improvement

arsenic, which

mostly

de

ou

books

in

the

that

Celsus,

practice.

poudre

meilleur,

with

of the

in modern

complaints
is

le

locos.'

surgery

of

"

des

preaoit,

quelque

of

treated

It is to be

opii

IMany

Ou

faisait

Ou

foible,ou

of

still further

la

Comi

iii,ii,1.)

confident

are

formoit

quelques gouttes

vue

de

myrrh,

faisait de

estime

etoit

la Med.

the

books.

copper

boldness

which

well

invention.

of

avoient

comp.

derive

of these

as
collyria,

such

tomber

roses,

collyres liquides etoieat

fenouil.

laissoit

'De

work

day might

use

de

sue

la

en

fielde vipre, de perdrix,

minuteness

and

oa

liquides.

Ophthalmic Collyria are

accuracy

the

matieres

(Hist, de

coramen9ant."
The

du

et

dont

melange,

du

avec

aloes,de

on

Les

d'Attique, qui

miel

opohalsamnni,

dont

servir.

de

sajfra/i,des

ingrediens et

ces

secher, et

s'en

composes

feiiouil,do

dc

tneloit tous

On

du

coramc

gomaies,

chelidoine,et

I'opiam.
masses

quelques

557

Our

Galen,

gi-eat degree of
never

used

now

author's

account

is very

accurate

deserving of consideration.
As he states,
ocular remedies.
All the collyriaof Celsus
are
they consist principallyof soothing and refreshing medicines
and

variouslymixed.
Scribonius
Largus describes fullythe composition of collyria,
The
former
he divides into the soothing and the acrid.
which
consist of saffron,gum,
tragacanth, calamine, antimon}'-,
opium
latter contain
such
like.
The
and
the
ingredients as these,
burnt

copper,

verdigris,chalcitis,misy, alum, ammoniac,

and

galls.
]\Iyrepsusgives prescriptionsfor
possiblevarietyof chaiacter.
For
Antidot.

the

Arabian

vii,34.)

87

ocular

of
collyria,

every

collyria,see particularlySerapion. (De

of them.
Camphor is an ingredient in many

PLASTERS.

558

SECT.

XVII.
ADDED

and

shells ;

kinds

are

WORKS

OF

of

and

stones

terrene,

as

metals,

inspissated

soluble,some
admit

the

lees,ashes, and

earth, as

are

which

medicines

seeds, herbs, and

are
vulnerary,and are
plasters themselves, some
bloody, agglutinative,and plasters for fractures, which

called

composed of desiccants,not in the extreme, but in the

third.
of the
order
complete, and the commencement
are
willow, oak, cypress, the barks of pine and pitch-tree,

be

must

second
Such

myrrh, rosemary

until

do

they

composed

of

Such

burnt

are,

bitumen, aloes,birthwort, the ashes of the wood

and
litharge,

^dne, ceruse,

boiled

not

the

stain.

desiccants, but

chalcitis,the

the

copper,

flower

formed

from

of burnt

birthwort, thapsia,old

opobalsam,

the

oil, and

of salt.

marrow,

old

The

emollient

wild

shells.

The

are

from

The

the

litharge,fats,

-mallows, and

of marsh

root

salts,and

burnt

storax, galbanum, bdel-

desiccative

natron, salts,ashes, bitumen.

discutient

The

formed

oil,bee-glue, ammoniac,

cucumber.

ferri,verdigris,

moderately desiccative,such
the oil of radishes, honey,

are

mastich, turpentine,the

are

alum, gall,molybdsena,

pitch,turpentine, galbanum,

flower

hum,

seris and

copper,

and

They

cicatrizing
plastersare also
than
the
so
agglutinants.

The

squama

calefacient

the

of the metals.

most

more

calamine, pumice-stone, and

the

ARE

Of

roots.

as

THE

those

are

tears, some
oily,some
liquidjuices; also a few

some

juices,some

of

Of

to oil.

wax

some
ingredientsof plasters,

some

FROM

THEM,

OF

WHICH

THINGS

THOSE

vii.

AND,

proportion of

the

the

are

BOILING

THE

TO

ANTYLUS,

On

AND

PLASTERS,

ON

[book

made

are

epispasticare

of

of

sulphur,

formed

from

salts,natron, bee-glue,verdigris,leaven, dung, sulphur, turpentine.

The
grape,

composed

digestive are

amomum,

of

myrrh, galbanum, butter, cesypum,

from
and
formed
water
suppurative are

bread, chondrus, butter, the fat of swine

pitch, rosin.

The

oil, dill,camomile,

plasters (as they

dried

safiron,frankincense, pitch,Egyptian mastich,

storax,

ceruse,

ladanum,

wax,

are

paregoric
to

be

oil, pollen, wheaten

and

are

starch, white

called)are

fats,verdigris. The
of
made
wax.

appliedwhen

incense,
calves,frankof
The

litharge,
bloody-

the wounds

PLASTERS.

XVII.]

SECT.

and

fractures

soaked
are

to

and

not

in

oxycrate

be

loosened

But
and

will

we

The

the

on

bound

the

in

day,

them,

the

pledgets,and

the

and

sponges

pledgets

same

disemollient, epispastic,

The

the

applied after

suppurative

agree

of extreme

cases

above

on,

third

are
suppiu'ative

cerates.

them

to be

are

co-operate with

to

others, again applied.

cutient,and
and

recent, and

are

559

use

of

best

at

Of

the

pain.

cataplasms
the

mencement
com-

boiling of

afterwards.

speak

Of

basilicon.

plaster tetrapharmacon,

of

wax,

Colo-

phonian rosin, of pitch,of bull's suet, equal parts.

TTie plasterfrom the juice of linseed for discussing and
Of

of

axunge,
of

oil,lb. ij;

old

the

juice

rosin, lb. viiss; of

the
a

the

of

be

bubbles

cease

of

litharge,of

in
of

seeds

plaster from

Of

pollen.
of

of

the

anchusa

of

the

being
are

boiled

melted
The

called

in the

The
axunge,

oil,are

of

of

each,
each,

litharge,lb. vj ;
ix; of fenugreek,

Of

lb.

lb.

of water,

xx

the
the

iij.

Boil

until

but

boil

oil,and

until

gated,
litharge finelylevi-

longer

no

stain.

ammoniac

of axunge,

fume,
perof

each,

s.

herbs.

seven

Of

dock,

fibres

thrown

of sordid

the

oil,

Onoclcan),

(Plantago major?),

of axunge,

kiny's-spears.
oil of roses,

oz.

ij;

lb.
but

away,

oz.

vj ;

breaking
of

Of

the

of oil of

of axunge,

leaven-plasterfor
of

iij.

The

herbs,

other

things

vj.
the

oil.

plaster from

of geese,

has

lb.

each,

j.
Colophonian

of

flour,of

fine

oil,of each,

of

Chserospelethos(itis

oil, lb. vj ;

in the

asphodel,lb. j ;

the

which
of

iij;

lb.

pine-rosin,of wax,

botanicon,or plasterfrom

oz.

sext.

lb. iv to

it,mix

The

each,

of

marsh-mallows,

in

j;
juice of linseed, q.

plantain

winter,

sprinkle with
gentle fire until it

of eacli, lb.

of

cense,
frankin-

of

j;

vj ;

oz.

ceruse,

wax,

honey,

then

boil at

iij; of the

ss

and

left,and

and

lb.

Of

vij,but

linseed, sext.

marsh-mallows

The

of

pollen,oz.

plaster from juices.

lb.

summer,

ss;

Httle

of

vj ;

lb. iiiss ; of

wax,

diachylon, or

oil,in

sext.

Colophonian rosin, of

of

lb. ij; of honey, of axunge,

tiu-pentine,
Of litharge,lb. vj ; of oil,lb. vss;

Another.

The

xx

litharge,lb. j ;

linseed, oz.

plasterfrom honey.

lb. iv ; of

of

of

oz.

iv.

oz.

The

lb. iss ;

each,
of

of wax,

ing.
break-

salts,oz.

oz.

juice

of the

camomile,

iij;

abscesses.

iv;

of

of wax,
Of

of
oz.

of

root

the

fat

iv.

leaven,

pine-rosin, oz.

of

iij;

PLASTERS.

560

of wax,

of

ij;

oz.

The

honey,

of

aplironitrum,oz. j ;
of soap,

vj ;

oz.

of Alexandrian

j;

of

vj ;

lb.

of

ammoniac

swine's

seam,

j;

of old

The

plaster from

oil,oz.

natron,

lb.

Of

perfume,

lb.

ammoniac

of

vj ;

oz.

of wax,

ij;

ij;

turpentine,

of

\dnegar, q. s.
soapwort for discussingstrumous
;

sweUings..

litbarge,of soapwort, of birthwort, of eacli,oz.

of squama
seris,of aloes, of each, oz. j ;
banum,
of

ij;

of

ammoniac
of

vinegar

fume,
per-

aphronitrum,
of

Of

oz.

vir.

ij.

oz.

dothiene, or plasterfor furunculus.

lb.

oz.

iv

oz.

[book

perfume,

oz.

iv ;

squills,sext.

iv ; of

gal-

of manna,

vj ;

of

for

the

trituration

Of

old

pine-rosin,oz.

xvj ;

of

the

powders.
The

red

litharge,of
called

vinegar, q.
until

it

T/ie
of

bulFs

add

then

Colophouian rosin,
iv

oz.

garliccleansed, xx
The

j;

of

copperas,

of

of

the

of

oil,sext.
and

it away,

oil,throw

mix

plaster from

discutient

ss.

oz.

verdigrisin
Of

of
oil

other

things.
Of

the

oz.

of

iij;
heads

boiled

apyranon.

j;

wax,

the

Having
the

of

things.

iss

oz.

the

pine-rosin,oz.

yellow natron,

of

of

iv;

oz.

iv

oz.

each,

other

the

of

lye of figs
galbanum, of

lb.

opoponax,

iss

the

plaster from garlic for breaking abscesses.

suet,

in the

iij;

oz.

lithargeand

the

stain, and

to

cease

each,

oil,lb.

of

ammoniac,

rosin, of each,

of

Boil

s.

sal

verdigris,of

of

vj ;

oz.

wax,

vj ;

of

perfume,

ammoniac

of

natron,

protostacton,

abscesses.

for

smilium

plaster

the

of

garlic

fat of geese

pheasants, of each, oz. iij; of old oil,oz. xxvj ; of fleaof apyranum,

root
wort, oz. iij; of nettle-seed,of the green
of each, lb. j ; of white wax,
x
oz.
oz.
ij;
; of diachylon plaster,
and

of

of

turpentine,oz. j. Having

macerate

and

in

the

and

day

mixing
The

the

soluble

ij;

wine,

sext.

vj ;

bark

rosin, of each,
old
and

oil, lb.

sifted,lb.

of

lb.
of
v.

with

hardness

palm-nuts,

of fenugreek, of

of melilot, of the

fleawort

substances

wheat-plaster for
of

the

and

and

linseed, of
of

palms,

of wax,

of

juice

sext

each,
of

of

night
and

away,

oz.

dates,
ss

vj ;
of

ceruse,

dried

the

pieces,

swellings.

turpentine,of

water, lb. ij; of

The

them

Nicolan

each,

of

small

nettle-seed

scirrhous

of

or

into

oil,dissolve.

the

litharge,lb. j ;
ij;

root

having boiled, throw

then

marsh-mallows,
lb.

the

oil with

divided

bread

herbs

is

of

of

Of

each,

camomile,

of Amiusean

Colophonian

each,

lb.

broken
extracted

of

j;
down

by

PLASTERS.

XVII.]

SECT.

boiling in wine, and the

following,the lithargeand
and

afterwards

stain ;
from

and

the

these

are

salt,of each,

\'j;
j.

oz.

turpentine,lb.

of

added,

then

of

and

the

dross

like.

Of

added.

things are
and

dross

the

of the

wax,

of

it

to

ceases

the

each,

flower

of

vj ;

of

oz.

of silver,for

fat of

water,

Being removed
strongly. To

stirred

iris,of birthwort,

day

the

on

in the

scraped verdigris,of

plaster Pelarion, from

The

it ;

until

boiled

and

is added

bread

in

triturated

are

ceruse

other

the

fire,the

is soaked

bread

oil is added

the

then

561

tions
excoria-

bulls,of each,

of

oz.

v;

iv ; of

Colophonian rosin, oz.

vj ;
pitch,of oil, of each, oz. ij; the dry dross is triturated in
wine
the juice of fenugreek. When
the dross is not
at
or
hand
we
use
molybdEena.
may
and
other
The plaster from
marshmalloivs, in gouty cases
Of
marshindurations.
the juices of fenugreek, linseed, and
mallows, of each, lb. iij; of oil,lb. ij; having boiled it until the
juice be consumed, add of Colophonian rosin,lb. j ; of turpentine,
lb. j ; of the tear of ivy,oz. iij. When
dissolved,having
lb. j, of galbanum, oz.
taken
it from
the fire,add of wax,
iv,
both pounded together,and having dissolved,stir with a spatula.
of the

The

of

silver,oz.

plaster kissinon,or

ivy plaster,for
Of

especiallychronic.

pmictures,

of

frankincense, oz. j ;

misy, oz.

red
iss ;

wounded

ivss ;

oz.

squama,
of

and

nerves

dr.
chalcitis,

iv ;

of
of

until consumed,
sun
vinegar,vj. Triturate in the summer
when
having dissolved,of wax, oz. viij;of oil,oz. xviij('^deest
if a nerve
divided
and
mix.
But
be
laid bare,
aliquid'')
;
instead
of the galbanum, add of turpentine,oz. ij.
and
The melanchlorus, for the same
for bleeding
purposes,
Of pomegranate
of galls,of
wounds.
of
burnt
rind,
copper,
round

of
birthAvort,

sal

ammoniac,

seris,of

of squama

fissile and

the round), of
instead of the liquiduse
liquidalum (but some
iris,of misy, of copperas, of chalcitis,of scraped verdigris,of

calamine,

of

aloes, of myrrh,

all-heal,of litharge,of
triturated in the
for

into

oil,oz.

oz.

vj ;

be

old, but
III.

during

the

of

frankincense, of

equal parts.

ceruse,

sufficient number

It is made
of

sun

of

season

days, and

of

the

of

All

formed

root

Avhich
with

summei",

plasterthus : of the medicine,

nerves
viij; when for wounded

otherwise

the

into
oz.

of
are

gar
vine-

trochisks.

ij;

the

common.

36

of wax,

oil is to

PLASTERS.

o62

plaster from

The
lb.

the

Of

groundsel.

of

oil

iss ; of

oil, lb.

old

of

ij;

[book
of

juice

the

of the

consistence

pitchof

the

with

galbanum

sprinkleit.

with

part of

the oil

j)lasterof

discutient
lb.

each,

of

oz.

ix;

scr.

iiiss.

iss

of buccina

turpentine,

j, oz.

of

ammoniac

plaster

lb.

The

oz.

of

the

iij;

\] ;

of

oz.

x.

wax,

iij,

oz.

Of

of

wax,

rosin, of each,
culus,
dracun-

of

root

is

triturated

iss ; of

It

of

wax,

sprinkled,

of

Colophonian rosin,

henbane,
of

iiss ; of

and
of

the

or

juice

lb. iiss ; of

wax,

Colophonian rosin,

oz.

answers

washed,

wine,

eggs.

htharge, oz. ij;

of

Colophonian rosin,
each,

lead, burnt

of

Avhites

oz.

xxv

yellow

Of

emplastnim myrsinatum.

q.

Of

of ceruse,

of

litharge,

each,

oz.

j;

s.

white

wax,

ij;

oz.

of

oz.

^j ;

starch,

eggs.
Oribasius.

plaster Parygron, of

ceruse,

oz.

discutieut.

more

oil,lb. iss

rose

The

is

lb.

axunge,

of sandy x, of

oz,

of

of the

Alexandria,

myrtle oil,lb. j ;
plasterfrom ceruse, or from

of wax,

sea-water,

axunge,

leaves

in

But

of

ij;

Of

tender

the

of

myrtle plaster, or

of ceruse,

affections.Of

pitch, of

Psittacion.

called

seam,

This

The

of

root

them, equal parts.

X.

litharge,lb. ij;

things dissolved.

other

henbane,
lb.

The

V.

of swine's
of

of

axunge,

dragon-herb

or

perfume, lb. ij;

being dried and

T7te

of

frankincense,

lb. iv

Avith the

mixed.

things be

viiss ; of

of

vj ;

oz.

dried

lb.

strained,

same

oz.

Colophonian rosin, of
;

if the

let it be

of

; of

burnt,

dracunculus,

plaster from

The

lb.

iss ; of ceruse,

oil,lb.

the

plaster, for

Ariobarzanian

litharge,oz.
of old

tlie

beat

lb. iv.

of fine wax,
TJie

swine's

it,weigh

was,

x] ;

strained

and

Of

Mnasceus.

oz.

And

pot.

of

juiceto

privet;

let all the

then

Colophonian rosin, oz.

of

j;

with

triturated

be

dissolved,and

baths,

triturated

it cannot

If

it into

put

shipsbe dry,having

the

and

The

and

wax,

ss

of wax,
the

oil of

with

powders

old

of

medicine

the

oil with

oil in

the

of

sordes
the

triturate

and

seam,

Boil the

xiv.

pitch of ships,oz.

old

of the

groundsel,

privet, oz. iv ;
of galbanum, oz.

j ; of turpentine,oz. j ;
of frankincense, of
pine rosin,oz, \] ; of verdigris,
of each, oz. j ; of squama
seris,scr. viij;
oesypura,
lb.

axunge,

vii.

oz.

wax,

ix

of

Of

iv ; of swine's
the

admirably

litharge,oz.
seam,

oz.

iss ;

\\} ; of

juice of linseed, of oil, of

for

fissures

of

tlie heels.

PLASTERS.

564

The

plaster

Of

spreading sores.

oxymel, for

from

coracon

[book

galls,oz.

ij;

of

of frankincense, of each, oz.

chalcitis,
for

made

having
and

of

sufficient number

separatelya

of the

of

seam

bulls, oz.
triturate

j ; having mixed,
paper, both by means
oz.

by

of

mix
oz.

oz.

ijof myrtle

or

iv ; of

oz.

and

together,

plaster from vinegar and

agate stone, half burnt,

iij; of

oz.

But

v.

oil,

rose

turpentine,
from
and

extractingpus

Of

oil.

iss ; of wax,

oz.

of

litharge,p. j ;

it iij.
make
vinegar, of each, p. ij,some
and
The plaster from agate, being discutient

of

of

Ainegar

like that

use

for

iss ;

with

honey,

of wax,

instrument

an

of

and

pledget.

The

oz.

oil,

emollient.

; of roasted

Of

rosin,

j.

oil,oz.

plaster Isis,for bloody laounds, being agglutinative,incar-

The

native, and

Of

cathartic.

birthwort,

round

perfume,
dr.

galbanum,
dr.

viij;

oz.

iij;

dr.

of

of

of

of

the

lb.

wax,

dr.

of

viij;

xij;

squama

each,

of

salts,dr. viij;

ammoniac

vinegar, q.

burnt

copper,

of

of

fissile

alum,

dr.

of

dr.

viij;

frankincense,

myrrh,
juice

dr.
of

of

xij;
the

of

Of

nerves.

round

and

misy, of

pomegranate
of
peris,

squama

of

copperas,

of

root

of each,

j;

oz.

rosin, dr.

of wax,

of

of

dracunculus,
of

old

oil,

rind,

of

burnt

of sal

ammoniac,

fissile alum

of

copper,

galls,of

of ammoniac
of

and

wounded

fume
per-

of

round,

iris,of

of calamine,
chalcitis,of scraped verdigris,

of

aloes,of myrrh,

niac
ammo-

s.

long birthwort,

of
;

vj ;

aloes, dr. xij;

Colophonian rosin, lb. ij;

of

j;

viij;

seris,of

and
plaster Athena, for foul ulcers,infarctions,

The

of

viij;

Triturate

j.

from

cerate

pudendum
seris,oz.

squama

then

days ;

the

vit.

frankincense,
dr.

oil,oz.

cc

of

vj ;

of

of

bee

glue, of galbanum,

pitch,dr.

vinegar, q.

cc

of

Colophonian

s.

plaster from dittany, for the bites of dogs

agglutinative
Of litharge,
lb. ij; of squama
all sorts of ulcers.
seris,
oz.
of old oil,sext. ij; of diphryges, oz. iij
; of gentian,oz. iss;

TTie
and
iss ;
of

birthwort, of scraped verdigris,of each,

burnt

galbanum,
glue,
boiled
oflfthe

oz.

of

ij;

with

Colophonian rosin, lb. j ;

aloes,oz. iij;
of

the

fire,we

boil until it

iss ; of

oz.

copper,

cease

common

of ammoniac

to

to

oz,

wax,

litharge,until
are

iss ; of

oz.

add
stain

it

the
;

and

perfume,

viss.

cease

of manna,
oz.

vj ;

oil must

The

to stain.

verdigrisand

dittany,of

again taking

of bee

first be

Then

squama,

of

taking it
and

it off the

again

fire,add

PLASTERS.

SECT.

XVII.]

the

rosiiijthe

and

place
and

copper

fire,and

the

and

diphryges

the

common

bee

glue, and

and

gentian,

and

wax,

after

to

are

stir until

sifted,and

ammoniac

it at

565

it boils but

when

boil

it

little add

; then

stain,put

to

cease

boiling;

cease

until it thicken

again

boiling until
little the

it

add

in the

dittany,birthwort,

aloes, manna,

sprinkled finelylevigated when

be

the

but

little cooled.
The

and

plaster,for bloody sores,

Barbaric

callus

formation of

in

Of

fractures.

Judsean

asphaltos, of
turpentine, oz. ij;
oz.
ij; of opo-

pitch,of wax, of rosin,of each, lb. j ; of

of litharge,
oz.
j ; of ceruse, oz. iss ; of manna,
oz.
ij; of myrrh, oz. ij; of oil,oz. iij; of vinegar,q.
ponax,
The
ayglutinativeplaster from iviUoivs,for hemoptysis
dried

when

empyema

verdigris,of

lb.

of

"vj;

oz.

galls,of

lb.

of

vinegar^ q.

of

of

asphaltos,
oz.

roses,

add

Some

s.

round,

pine-rosin,lb. ij;

oil of

of the

of

vj ;

oz.

and

chalcitis,of

and
of

ij;

rind,

pomegranate

of

misy,

fissile alum

of wax,

vj ;

oz.

Of

chest.

pilasterof Nicolaus,for bloodywounds

Of

sinuses.

oz.

iss

of

each,

each,

the

s.

also of

iv

tine,
turpen-

ix.

oz.

The

of

to

willow-leaves, lb. ij;

of copperas,

of

each,

pitch, lb. ij;

ij;

of

ceruse,

of

melanteria,
of

applied

the

for promoting

of

j;

of

of fissile and

long

of

of

and

round

agglutinant
scraped verdigris,

of

an

round

alum,

of

birthwort,
copperas,

of

sulphur vivum, oz. j ; of the gall omphacitis,

ammoniac
salts,oz. j ; of misy, oz. j ; of marjoram,

j;

oz.

iss

litharge,oz.

oz.

iv

aeris,oz.

squama

and

of

oz.

iv ; of

oz.

j;

of

chamseleon,

oz.

j;

of

white

oz.

j;

of

hellebore, oz.

the

j;

calamine

called

racemosa,

of

hog^s-fennel,oz. iij; of
comfrey, oz. iss ; of ceruse,

parsley-seed,oz. ij ; of the root of

iss ; of the juice of mandragora, oz. ss ; of chalcitis,
iss ;
oz.
oz.
of Samian
frankincense, oz. j ; of aloes,
aster, oz. j ; of male
opium, oz. ij; of troj ; of bdellium, oz. ij; of Thebaic
greek,
glodyticmyrrh, oz. ss ; of ammoniac
perfume, oz. j ; of fenuoz.
vj ; of the juice of perdicias,oz. vj ; of yellow wax,
lb. iij; of Colophonian rosin, lb. ij; of pine-rosin,lb. j ; of
bitumen, lb. j ; of mastich, oz. vj ; of black pitch, lb. ij; of
oz.

old

oil,lb. j ;
q.
The

and

of

storax,

oz.

j;

of

oz.

opoponax,

iss ;

of vinegar,

s.

Icesian

ischiatic

plaster,for strunKS, abscesses,the spleen,joints,

disease.

Of

litharge,dr.

cxx

of

old

oil,sext. ij;

PLASTERS.

566

of

\dnegar, sext. j ;

of

[book
iss ;

verdigris,dr.

of

the

bark

vii.

of

the

of chamseleon, with the root, dr. xvj ; of euphorpine, dr. \'iij

;
dr. x\'j
of bee-glue,
bium, dr. xvj ; of the juice of hypocistis,
;

myrrh, dr. xvj ;

of

dr.

xA-j
;

dr.

xvj ; of wax,
oil,lb.

old

frankincense,

of

TTie much-used
lb.

of wax,
of

emplastrum

It is

Galen.

of

ulcers,with
acrid

most

vinegar,

digestiveand

lb.

consistence

the

old

of oil of

plaster from

ij; of

rosin, oz.

vinegar,
The

of

of

oz.

ij;

in the

of

oil until

The

vij;

iiss ;

of

it

to

cease

melinum

lb.

Of

of ammoniac

add

to

stain,then

emplastrum

answering

of frankincense,
ii'is,

dr.

of

natron,

stavesacre, of the
of cyperus,

of

tallic
me-

Colophonian
of

oil,oz.

xv

of

seed

sal

add

the

the

other

metals

frankincense.

litharge,lb. j ;

iiiss ;

the

iv ;

cense,
frankin-

of

j;
Boil

the
Of

oz.

Boil

of

galbanum,
oz.

lithargewith

of
of

vij;

of

the

oil

things.

seed

of

of

each,

ammoniac,
of

Of

ivith distortions.

of rosemary,

pigeon's dung,
of the

chalcitis,oz.

Colophonian rosin,

iss.

of dried

mustard,

the

the

moving
discutient,reanicetum, being agglutinative,

scales,and

chal-

vinegar.
of misy, oz. ij;

j;

vinegar,lb. j.

perfume,

until
The

add

of

oz.

copper,

of Serapion.
of

cease

j;
iij;

of wax,

stain,then

verdigris,of each, dr. ix ;

myrrh, dr. j : of oil,hemin.
it

then
with

days

of burnt

oil,lb. j ;

emplastrum

oz.

seris,of

the

lithargewith

the
;

of

s.

seris,
oz.

oz.

XX

Boil

frankincense, oz.

galbanum,

oil,lb. iv,

squama

chalcitis,oz.
iss

acera-

the

old

black

many

Of

metals.

emplastrum

ssj

suppuration of
spread npon a pledget.

lees in baths
for

pitch,dr. ij;

turpentine,lb.
vinegar,sext. iss.
or

wax,

of

myrrh,

of

of

ij;

of

dried

plaster harmonia, for fractures.

squama

wax,

q.

Of

ij.

perfume,

of manna,

ricinus,or

of the

seris,
oz.
iij;

of squama

pelHtory,

ammoniac

oil,Avhen

oz.

substances, triturated
The

of

promotes

of the

ij;

citis,of verdigris,of each,

oil to

of

xvj ;

jjains offleshyparts.

perfume, oz. j ;

ricini and

oleum

litharge,lb. iij;

Of

all

oxyrum.

oz.
galbanum, oz. ij; of manna,
The
agglutinativeplaster without

tum

of

and

of

of ammoniac

j;

blows

litharge,lb. j ;
iv ; of galbanum,
oz.
each, oz. j.

of ceruse,
;

oz.

iss

dr.

ehcampane,

iij.

plaster of Nero, for

The
Of

lb.

of

dr. Ix ;
dr.

of the

birthwort,

of

rocket, of each,

xx

bay-berries,

of burnt
of

pellitory,of

granum

cumin,
dr.

copper,

viij;

Cnidium,
of

of

verdigris,

of

vinegar,

liemin.
the
of

Triturate

xii.

is

vinegar
dried

dry.
and

ix

of

flour of

plaster from

the

of

dog-days

form

darnel,

of

j;

and

vinegar,
oil,oz.

ij.

pine-rosin,

strained

men,
bitu-

vinegar,q.

juice of mulberry-tree.

the

of

of

iij;

sext.

of

ij;

pitch, lb. ij;

oil,oz.

decoction

ij,with

oz.

wax,

until

trochisks

trochisks,oz.

Of
v

oz.

wax,

of the

ij;

oz.

of the

darnel.

plaster from

of

of tlie thickest

add,

iij; of Tuscan

rosin, oz.

ix ; of Tuscan

heat

having mixed,

using it,triturate

mix,

The

then

and

567

the

during

consumed,

figs,oz,

In

The
oz.

PLASTERS.

XVII.]

SECT.

Of

s.

litharge,of

dried

pitch,of bull's-seam, of each, oz. viij; of turpentine,

of
oz.
iij; of wax, oz. v ; of scraped verdigris,of opoponax,
galbanum, of each, oz. j ; of tlie oleum
ricininum, oleum
susinum,
of the

The

old

very

juice of the
hemin.

mora,

of

or

oil,hemin.

mulberry,

the

fruit of which

alum,

of

plaster, or

ammoniac

dichromos.

perfume,

lb.

j ; of Colophonian rosin, lb. j ;

vinegar, q. s.
The

Indian

of

wax,

roasted

liquidZacynthian bitumen,
of

misy, of melanteria,
omphacitis,of the rind
The

gout.
each,
of

of

of

Of

burnt

each,

swine's

of

rosin, of

each, lb. j ;

of fissile and
of the

aster from
2^1

Of

the ashes

turpentine,of

syco-

coppcj*,

j;

oz.

ulcers

of

each,

of

and
the

chalcitis,

of the

alum,
of

j;

pitch, of

of ceruse,

of round

of wax,

lb.

scam,

dried

pomegranate,

gall

vj ;

oz.

dj". ccclx

of wax,
of the

dr. cxl ; of
medicine

old

of

bay-berries,of

fat of

calves,of
of

cooled.
have

some

an

of Judsean

stone,

of

It

to

of

perfume,

dr. cccxl ; of the

of

cxl;

the

ij. Sprinkle the

is prepared also

aversion

and

bitumen,

ammoniac

each,

dr.

each,

oil,hemin.

when

ashes, because

of asps, for discussingstrumce

Asian

lapis pyrites,of quicklime,

the

j;

s.

aphronitrum,

asps,

is called

agglutinativeplaster, for spreading

Of

hmnoptysis.

vinegar, q.

liquid pitch,hemin.

j.

double-coloured

fissile

of

j;

them,

ashes

ashes

of

upon

without

the

it is

less

and

no

efficacious.
The

desiccative

Of

ammoniac

dr.

viij;

rosin,dr.

discutient

plaster,called

perfume, of plumbago,

of
c

and

the

of

root

; of squama

of

the root

biura, of verdigris,of each,

dr.

pellitory,dr.

oil, hemin.

viij;

of

dr.

chamaeleon,

of
ajris,

old

each,

viij;

of

lemta

dr.

xvj ;

of

or

of

lioness.

mustard,

Colophonian

of

soapwort, of euphorbirthwort, dr. xvj ; of

j;

and

of

the

oil of

PLASTERS.

568

radishes, q.

s.

humours.

Of

Another.

"

Macedonian

pitch,of
melted

the

The

bulls, of

of

removed

and

them

Berenicarian
melted

oil,hemin.

of

wax,

of

oil,oz.

of water

add

of

the

vj,with

stir with

j, and

the

each,

Of

and

ij of

oz.

also of

rose-oil,oz.

of inflammation
by judicial

tvhich

In

of the

cooled, bruize

medicine,

both

ochre,

Attic

ochre,

lb.

those
of

ij;

with
wine, of
j ; of litharge,oz. viij. Triturate
Colophonian rosin, of pitch,of pine rosin, of each,
turpentine,oz. viij; of oil,lb. ij. It is dissolved thus:
of old

j;
The

oil,lb. iij;

plaster from
Of

detergent.
rosin,

Having

Another
of

oz.

melted

rosin, dr.
The
lb.

wine,

lb.

medicine,

Bruise

j.

of dried

wax,

viij;

of

pitch,of each,

cedar

rosin

together,

emollient

plaster.

rosin, dr.

boil until

Of

copper,

of

wax,

vj ;

lb.
of

j;

the

Cimolian

pledget, and

of
a

of

wax,

lb.

j;

of

of wax,

with

of

j;

wine.

nian
Colophovj.

stain.

to

cease

pitch,of each, oz.

bee-glue,dr. xvij; of

of

pumice

squama

earth,

sponge

out

of

burnt

and

stomomatis,

viij;
cedar

dr.

each,

of water

is

v.

of wax,

Cyrenaic
pledget.

or

of

Of

myrtle oil,
extinguished in

dr.
It

of

vj ;

is put

and

juice,dr.

x.

upon

lb.

buboes.

It is

Of

j.

roasted

oil,of Colophonian rosin, of each,

Median

burnt

applied above.

plaster called Paiila or Rest, for struma

of Colophonian rosin, of natron, of each,
wax,
The plaster from natron, for carbuncles.
Of
iij;

chalk,

juniper?), oz.

they

The

oz.

sioned
occa-

xx.

of
dr.

those

of

wax,

; of

xxv

(gum

lb.

cicatrizing
plaster from pumice-stone.

ij;

ix

and
cedria, being agglutinative,disc^itient,

them

Colophonian

of the

oz,

for

lb.

lb.

the

using,

with

spontaneously, and

Of

of

iij.

occur

torture.

of

iss ;
Pour

balls.

add,

incense.
frank-

ceruse,

j.

oz.

small
and

wax,

When

spatula.

form

iij;

Having

oz.

wax,

oil, of each,

rose

dry

of

iij;

oz.

oz.

Colophonian rosin, of

fire,sprinkle the

anti-inflammatory jjlasterfrom

The

bore,
helle-

ij.

equal parts.

rosemary,

from

of

natron,

things upon

melt,

cases

of black

plaster sph(erion,for febrile complaints.

litharge, of quicklime,

oz.

Of

plaster.

suet

of

rosin,lb, j ;

vii.

alteringand evacuating

breasts,of each, dr. iss;of sandarach,

lb. iss ; of roasted

The

lesena for

ij; of arsenic, oz. j;

oz.

copperas,

of cantharides^
of wax,

The

[book

natron,
dr. iss ;

applied,diluted,upon

plaster from

The

(" the

white
of

iv;

oz.

The
tions
of

PLASTERS.

XVII.]

SECT,

rosin, oz.

of

ij; of wax, oz. v ;

Coloplionianrosin, lb. iiss.

of

olives,of

abscesses.

Of

Another
lb.

oz.

simple

; of

j
scraped
vinegar, q. s.
Another

verdigris,lb.
plaster for

green

of

ij;
Tlie

plaster from

; of

oz.

of birth-

unripe

of

iij;

wax,

frankincense,

dr. xxv;

and

ulcers.

fungous

of

Of

iss ; of wax,
of vinegar,

ij;

oil,oz.

rose

of

for pleuritic cases.

rue,

Of

xv

turpentine,oz. xv ; of the
oz.
iij; of galbanum,
opoponax,

of

rue,

green

medicine
of

iij;

oz.

dill,lb. j.

The

jAaster from
Of

complaints.
lime

lb.

butter, lb. iss ; of

cesypum,
oil of

galbanura,

oil of

scraped verdigris,
oz.

Cappadocian salts,oz. j ;

oil,

s.

q.

lb.

of the

rosin,

humid

of

vj ;

; of

ss

of

perfume,

wax,

Of

plaster.

green

Coloplionianrosin, oz.
oz.

ammoniac

of

diseases,infarC'

opoponax,

j ; of turpentine,of
vij.

oz.

each,

ischiatic

for

verdigris,of myrrli, of iris,of

Mort, of each,

its nails

flowers"),oz.

vss;

joints,and

stripped of

anemone

plaster of Machcerion

green
the

Of

anemone.

of its

parts

569

with

roasted

lye,for ischiatic,arthritic,and

wax,

other

some

of

rosin,

of old

oil,of protostacton (" a

of lixivial ashes

sort

Alexandrian

turpentine, of each,

Triturate

white

the

of

mixture

''),of each,
of

natron,

vj.

oz.

(edematous

lb.

of

j;

of

natron,

the

with

natron

ashes.
The
Of
lb.

j;

plaster from natron, for

old

vinegar,

salts,of natron,

vj ;

old

oz.

of

sea-

of

each,

trituration.
iv ;

oz.

iv ;

oz.

wax,

aphronitrum, oz.

the

water, q.

or

bacon,

of

goat^s milk,

j ; of the marrow
iij; of the oil

The

of

soap,

swellings.

ashes, of each,

"

of

Otherwise.

of wax,

of

old

plaster from

of

viij;

oz.

Of

of

common

oil, of

each,

s.

ammoniac
of bulFs
of

moniac
am-

oil, lb. j ;

iv ; of ceruse,

plaster from bacon, for dissolving tophi.

swine's

cow^s
lb.

iv ; of

ij, for

oz.

Of

salts.

plaster from
salts,oz.

The

scirrhous

turpentine, oz. vj ; of galbanum, of bee-glue,of

perfume, of each, oz. j. Prepare like the former.

common

oz.

aphronitrum, of

of

wax,

and

of

The

of

oil,of

abscesses

perfume,
fat, of

dragon's

the

the

old

cheese

blood

fat of
of

pitchof ships,of each,

of
^'iij
; of the cerate
vj : of Egyptian wine,

stags, oz.

privet,oz.

the

of

Of

ocsypum,
q.

[cinnabaris),
for tophi

s.

and

all

TMSTERS.

.570

scirrhous

other
lb.

of

j;

magnet,

oil,
of

j;

oz.

copper,

It is called

swellings.

old

j ; of squama
sauguis draconis,
Phrygian

Of

jjmnpathes.
seris,oz.

sext.

of

j;

oz.

[book

dr.

stone,

litharge,
of

j;
of

xviij;

scr.

burnt

living

the

of

vj ;

vii.

stone

pyrites,of calamine, of scraped verdigris,of frankincense, of

each, oz. j ; of diphryges, oz. ij; of aloes, oz. iss ; of galbanum,
stone,
iss ; of the Scythian stone
oz.
onites, scr. xviij; of the bloodof the
of

of

bee-glue, lb. j, scr. xxviij; of wax, oz. xvij;

perdicites(another edition has perdiciaton),oz.j;

j;

oz.

stone

betony,

round

j,

oz.

birth

dittany,scr.
ostrich,lb. j.
of

flower

The

Of

A'ial ashes

of

the

filberts,
of

protostacton ("

"), oz.

vj ;

of

vj ;

of old

oz.

On

admirable

the

fifth
of

ground

anodyne

day

of the

common

it

blood

of the

consistence,

having spread upon

TJie
of

of

the

cerate

linen

consistence

lixi-

ij;

of

iv

of

of

pot under
of vine, and

j;

will be
be

and

of the

iv, and

oz.

boil

then, having

sufficient

to

give it

tender, which,

very

apply.

of

litharge,lb. ij;
a

lees

the

Of

mule, for gout.

things for
of

lb.

toasted

or

may

rag,

iv ; of

all the

what

wax

oz.

the

wood

the

madaniuda,

dissolved

the urine

sext.

triturated

Having
to

mule,

of

the

plasterfrom

male

fish be

that

so

call

some

sumed.
con-

oz.

wax.

put into

March,

sea-fish

be

of

torpedo, for gout.

the

torpedo,

of oil and

strained, add

of

of

the

the

protostacton.

from

of

of

some

gallicsoap,

eggs

the

cerate

j;

oz.

filberts,oz.

with

flesh of the

the

with

month

which

mole,

six

of

with

lime

oil,sext. ij,boil

boils,add

when

until

of

fat

whole

the

part of

oil,lb. j ;

viij; the Avhites

turpentine,oz. ij. Triturate

the

of

efficacy,
for tophi of
of

inner

the

and

litharge,adding

until

tried

of

j;

the

mixture

oz.

An

with

stones

long

chamceleon,

lb.

rosin,

of

j;

oz.

black

the

salt, lb. ij,gradually

aphronitrum,
honey,

gentian,

dried

Triturate

plaster from

joints.

iv ;

of

xij;

of

the

dr.

worth,

of

viij;

scr.

of old

long
of

time

baths,

the urine

oil,one
until

mina.

they

boil till it

come
be-

cease

stain.
The

pA aster from

the

scirrhus.

Of

stone,

if it is not

or,

of uuscoured

pumice-stone,

the

wool
of

root

flower of Asian

for
stone, of Philagrius,

of

of

at

hog's fennel,
hand,

of

biu'nt, of each,

dog's dung,

of

salts,of

the

flower

ammoniac

of

Asian

perfume,

j ; of round bii'thwort,of
scraped verdigris,of squama
oz.

PLASTERS.

572

The
Of

preparation of

melilot^

iv ;

oz.

until little is left

of

and

Httle

Colophonian rosin,oz.
of wax,
the

others.

the

wine

oz.

with
of

but

make
of

of
in

if, as

plaster,then
atmosphere be of
of the

more

atmosphere
for in this
of

mix

the

case

four

parts

wish

the
be

should

wax

the

twelfth

will mix

you

when
be

of

part

xj

on

of

the

with
dried

time

of

there

ments
oint-

oil to the

soft cerate,

But

the

form
if the

wax,

if the
be

must

be

wax

little

is soft and

wax

the

little less than

the

each

middle,

xiijoz.

or

of

wise
like-

prepare

oil with

the
a

to

the medicine

temperature.

wax;

add

the

at

make

to

give

equal parts

of the

add

mentioned.

things as

atmosphere cold, then

oil than

pinon,

iij

oz.

oz.

wish

to

then

Some

If you

add

wish

moderate

warm,

other

Acopa,
we

call

they

days, boil
wine,

and

x.

wool,

j, and boil
wine, and having

in

fractures, you

we

little should

This

wool

the

the

remain,

hyssop,

to oil.

AYhen

dry, and

herb

the

wax

called

those

or

of the
clean

with

vji.

cesypum.

uuscoured

for three

turpentine,oz.

it,oz. iij,and

it double.

old

of

wiue

wine

liquid

of

filtrated mix

sordes,which

mixture

the

like
wax

the

ijof

of the

and

X,

Others

using, add
On

the

ij;

oz.

in sext.

having

boil until

oil,and

cardamom,

macerated

vj : having

oz.

called

medicine

the

of

[book

side

of

of the

oil to

the

oil.

pound

wax.

From
which

the ivorks

of

those medicines
the

In

Litharge.

"

ing
boil-

triturated

litharge will be boiled with the oil ;

litharge having been previously triturated, is to be
-viscid,and then
again with the oil,so as to become

it is to

be

but

the

boilingof

the

on

ingredients of plasters.

the

are

of Antyllus,

the

boiled

at

it swells

first,then,

it becomes
its

of

measure

longer
only

when

it

of

The

to

is not

to

be

is half boiled
is

put

The

the

when

the

the

in, is Avhen

measiu'e

sori

is

to

of the

be

boiled

in

when

it

but

ciently,
suffi-

and

it

no

similar

boiling of
changes from

Burnt

At

attained

of the

it is not

copper

in

fiery
boihng

when

the

plaster

boiling,unless

its colour

and

It has

swelling subsides,

strongly florid.
of the

nearly boiled

colour.

measure

stain,but

measure

when

feculent

more

but

but

in at the commencement,

only
put
plasteryellow ;

boiling.

to

ceases

bubbles

molybdsena

yellow and

colour

the

and

litharge;

to

gentle fire,stirringincessantly.

boiling

stains.

manner

the

medicines,

small
and

tity
quanrenders

predominates
diphiyges are put in during
boiling of the diphryges, like

the
the

PLASTERS.

XVII.]

SECT.

squama,

is to be

the

sori,there

to

make

to

one,

stain.

degree
is

boiled

when

plaster;
the

plasterof

and

which

if not

the

middle

for

end,

but

more,

of

it is added
boiled

green

plastersafter
the

to

those

of

is half
it puts

the

on

double

apple

added

the

middle

blackens

at

for the

shells

are

not

Of

Rosaceura

but

less

in

the

in

some

those

the

at the

All

The

tlie

Irinum

added

earths

at

and

stones

Oil, if

added

the

Other
added
bears

others, none

the
to

the

middle

boiling,the
at

all.

The

gris
verdi-

boiling is
double

the

is added
of its

added

at

it

added

at

end.

Burnt

plaster
be

the

ment
commence-

added

fatty substances

at

boilingof

the

at

oil,therefore,is

the

are

are

at

pompholjrx

the

end,

have

to

measure

natron

the

it

boiling,

alum

and

and

the preparation

the

calamine

end;

to the

with

boil

by

it is not

are

is no

still
for

mixed

yellow ;

liquid pitch, prevents

be

them

vinegar,

when

salts and

end.

to

the

with

must

pumice-stone, too,

consistence.

plastersat

which

becomes

boiling;sulphur
part

the

cases,

are

are

at

apple colour, then

commencement;

the
;

boiling,

is put in

verdigrisis

douJile colour, we

is added

salt,are

ointments,

the

commencement,

things

on

and

acquired

contain

other

first puts

at

rosin

boiling.

(palered ?) it is added when

when
it undergoes moderate

colour

acquiring consistence.
it has

the

; for

plasters.
most

is like

of

whitens

triturated

being

at last its colour

the

added

to

blacker

commencement

of the
the

deeper

sandarach

white

and

at the

after the

boiling;vermilion
are

of

copper

and

part after the boiling,but there

most

of

of

lead

into

boiling; and,

and

and

burnt

colour

black

all,but

boiled

persevered in, it
for the

the

mortar,

immediately

end

the

appearance,

appearance,

middle

not

measure

measure

put

their

apple colour

an

of

it ; arsenic

is

ceruse

to

at

pot

in the

remaining

flower

in the

boiling;

it becomes

more

into

the

it preserves

being
put

the

plaster

common

regard to

boiling;

thus

the

The

is added

?)

with

end

of the

it renders

it does

that

and

common

gives a stronger shade to the colour of the

prevented by other circumstances, it renders
misy is added in the end, but there is no

particular measure
at

like copper,

regard

the

except

consistence

With

it

plasterblack

added

such

is boiled

vitriol

Copperas (blue
and

particularmeasure,

no

to

predominates.

ruddy colour.
regulated by the

more

and

copper,

its colour

chalcitis

and

yellow

is

the

The

it is the

when

573

of the

which

from
after
do

boiling.
Cyprinum and
ingredients are.

PLASTERS.

574

aclcled at the

therefore, to

be

boiled

by itself,for

alone

liquidpitch,for it
oil or oily matters
pure
pitch,previouslyboiled
added.

be

to

are

before

quantity is
but
to

of the

used.

and

swell.

separated by
plasterwhen

method

The

former

the

weight

because
be

and

boiled.

But

if the

the

then, being
cooled

be

does

not

the

I,

the

in the

oil.

second

boiled

it is not

be

to

by
gated,
levi-

have

Timocrates,

says

is to

ceeded
suc-

wine

but

If

vinegar.

it is to

be

that

boil.

may
it

not

fistulee

requiresbut

soft

it is to be

strumse,

or

with

the

Opoponax
very

with

plaster(such

triturated
to

the

sprinkled

triturated

if for

added

be

be

wax

of

be

should

wounds,

the

middle

fresh

it be

levigated,it is to
they

the

if not, it may

plasterfor

vinegar or

about

the

wax,

with

pounded

levigated,it

but

if it be

be

added

be

can

ingredient,common

an

is

fundament),

as

water

other

it does

that

softened

mortar, and

plaster

sprinkled

after

after

the

when

not

and

stain,it

is added

much

little boiling;

added.

it becomes

is to be

taken

but

Sagapenum
tender

off the
is

it

fire,

pounded

it is softened

from
the
fire.
being removed
boiling. Poppy-juice is macerated

things

frequentlytriturated with wine or vinegar. Galbanum

bear boiling.But
when
the plasterhas attained such

it is to be
a

the

ammoniac

consistence
and

with

is to be softened
Bee-glue (propolis)
boiling,it is not entirelyincorporated.

powder,

with

means

must

with

later than

sprinkled upon

(asphaltos)is
But

it bubble.

it

but

liquid;

when

is

is dissolved

Bitumen

galbanum,

if

of

state

triturated

in

the

But

for

it ceases
vinegar,when
triturated
and
ships,when

like grains of figs. It is,

asperities
into large pieces and boiled in vinegar,

Ammoniac

boiling.

those

small

very

things. The
acquiring consistence;

correct, because

more

liquid,

with

soft,it

plasterreceives,as

glue, like

all

lest

For, by

added.

by

The

wax.

boilingit in oil.

by

some

if

things which

all other

its

commencement.

broken

stirringit

in the

boiled

and

it contains

therefore, to

and

before

to

rosin

to

or

other

with

is not

liquid rosin

unless
by itself,

liquidis

preserved.

at the

metals,

vir.

it is added

But

its recrements,

but

Wax

with

with

pitch of

is the

is not

Ijeingadded

bee-

the

from

boiled;

the

is added

boiled

The

sieve

neither

with

is added

boilingof

boiling.

disunited.

rosin

Pitch

tlie

thickened

if
dry especially,

bubble

not

and

of

burns,

boiled

things,is

of the

measure

it

Dried

all other

end

remains

nor

[book

with

Aloe
for

is
one

day

in

little water, and

tliis state

last,or
is

PLASTERS.

xvii.]

SECT,

the

is then

levigatedin

plasteris ponred
with

triturated

57.")

Thapsia is sprinkled
Bdellium
being levigated,

sprinkled after the plasteris taken

of a fatty nature, and
be
cannot

is

like

pounded
and

softened

and

manna

with

is

the

None
but

the

mortar,

fire

the

plasterafter the

of the

form

other

of the

seeds, roots, and

things

of

be

to

plaster,

boiling,becoming

herbs

while

the

boiling

endure

remain

them

upon

wine, if

or

can

they

poured

are

is

if it

boiling. Frankincense

end

levigated, and

but

le\dgated,it

into

the

the

honey, vinegar, water,

liquid. ]Myrrh is added when

when

from

little

plasteradmit

over.

made

sprinkled at

are

glutinous, with
the

and

sagapen,

in

it.

npon

fluid.

some

mortar, and

in

ing
boilin

the
of

state

solution.

Commentary.
Celsus

given by
hoe

modo

mixtis

The

fit :

ad

liquaripossunt,
debet,

quod

oleo

rursus

infunditur

tum

of 28
The

that

great length
even

detail

and

author,

and

copious :

the

certain
dr. v;

he

of

his work

Med.

to

him.

indebted

regarding

need

theirs
not

is thus

honey,

dr.

are

Galen

by

ali

to

at

the

so

attempt

accuracy

inconceivable.

emplastra

of
See
Our

genera.)

see.

olei

quid

composition

His

Galen

of

by
very

and

same

of

the

Mesne,

but

as

in that

of

remedy

in

formulae.

is still celebrated

described
xiv

by

nearly the

give their

^Ei/yptiacum, which
of

vero

Haly Abbas
(Pract. x, 18) ; INIesue (Do
Myrepsus (" x.) Myrepsus, as usual, is
for 199 plastei's.
gives formuhc

ingredients of

cases

ea

aridum

question

them.

(De

si

the

of

almost

are

diachylon 2)lasteris described

autlior,we
The

of

out

minuti^

information
also

see

Unguentis);
The

to

treated
of the

account

usual, is much

as

ancients,

quite

his

books

further

For

of

attention

first four

plasters is

it is

abstract

an

most

of

composition

etiam

describes

pinguis

non

liquantur,et

He

prius coquitur."
plasters,(v, 19.)

ex

'

deindc

teruntur

eo

interdum

alius

quis

ex

simul

ignem

teruntur

se

si

aut

Comm,

"

per

acetum,
ea

general directions
plasters:
Emplastrum

of

medicamenta
ant

the

are

formation

est, et

misceri

our

arida

accessurus

quffi

as

the

his iustillatur

humor

the

for

following

Mesne
acrid

"

as

Take

of

vinegar,dr.

verdigris,
vij: boil

"

PLASTERS.

576

to

CoMM.
'

"
"

consistence.

proper

Some

[book
add

also

vii.

dr. iiss of triturated

frankincense.'^
The

following

itch

an

extinguished,equal parts ; make

and ^-inegai',
oleander
q. s."
itch ointment

An
the

to

it.

We

ointment

an

of

boiled

bay-tree

added

Mesne

by

ointment

is

Myrepsus

"with

effectual

most

of the

having

ample
remedy for

than

author's

our

XVIII.

SECT,

Of

those

mata,
in

cold

of chronic

scabies.

they

; or

These

have

be treated
middle

are

been

require
these

there

of these

defluxions

and

nerves

ser\iceable

to

the

other

nard,
from
the

equal

body (which

the stomach

and

in

or

to

hot
the

affected

or
tremities
ex-

with

parts when scirrhous.

on
Plasters,and will
which

those

are

malagbody when

some

when

section

Of

Acopa.

on

the

indurated,

or

of in the

of

parts

the

agree

with

the

properlycalled epithemes),

of
liver,

whatever

kind

they are,

out
strengtheningpower from astringents; for withwill be danger to the life,
the functional
tions
operaparts being extensive ; and, therefore, they are

melilots,aloes, and
and

name

EPITHEMES.

the
When
principally
composed of aromatics.
affected with dyspepsia,atony, or inflation,
those
from

that

plasters,or

to

parts of the

must

emollient

infarcted, or

of in that

applied for

of

of wax,

AND

middle

the

with

treated

those

by Avicenna,

pitch, and

PLASTERS

inflammation,

affected

when
cold

EMOLLIENT

applied to

state, or

such

olive oil.''

ON

are

of

rosin,

applicationscalled

some

state

with

parts, prepare

Of

"

of

sulphur

experience,that

preparation of the basilicon,as directed

ointment
nearer
approach to the modern

leaves

and

The
is

Avith oil of

fresh

wax

of

of mercury

ointment,

an

consists

and

oil,

say, from

can

into

Take

"

of calamine,
litharge,of aloes, of saflPron,

of

cenise,

is

mastich

are

nutben, ammoniac,

be

fats,and

from

then

is

seeds,and

ram),
sampsuchum (marjoapplied. To the liver,those

wormwood,
to

stomach

from

chamomile

ointment

; and

to

mom,
spleen,those from quicklime,arsenic,capers, willows, cardaverdigris,ammoniac, and vinegar are to be applied. For

defluxions

about

ointment,

and

tlie
other

belly, those

from

astringents are

to

wild
be

vine, alum, apple

used.

And

these

by

PLASTERS.

EMOLLIENT

XVIII.]

SECT.

577

of malagmata
or
by the general name
of
emollient
be the
reverse
plasters^although their power
the viscera
in a hot state, as in ardent
are
softening. When
a

misuomer

called

are

fevers, those

saffron, oil

of

the

juice of linseed,
to be applied;
endive, knot-grass,hog^s lard, or litharge are
but when
in a cold state
those
from
leaf,
opobalsam, Indian
sowbread
In expectorationsof blood,
(cassamum), and pepper.
astringentand desiccative applications,composed from
alum,
willow, and bitumen, are to be applied to the breast ; and in
consumptions, those from bay berries,horehound, cardamom,
and lye.
The malugma from melilots.
Of
saffron,of Celtic nard, of
of

cyperas,

from

melilots,lb. j ;
bdellium,

wine,

q.

The
the

of

each,

oz.

of oil

vj.

oz.

ij;
iij;

of

of
perfume, lb. j ; of wax, lb.
of privet,lb. iij; of glaucinum, lb. ij;
add
Some
also of cyphi, oz.
ij; of

s.

malagma
Of

parts.'

'

Polyarchium,from Galen's ivork, according to

of tm'peutine, of bdellium, of ammoniac
wax,

"perfume,of cardamom,
lot,of

iris,of myrrh,

of ammoniac

turpentine,lb, j ;
of

of

cardamom,

roses,

of Indian

amomum,

of the

privet,hemina
sometimes

of cyperus,

wood

of
of

j;

unmixed

of

each,

mina;

one

nard, of saffron,of myrrh,

cinnamon,

Italian

and

of

wine,

sometimes

each,
q.

dr.

of frankincense,
; of oil of

xxv

and

Prepare

s.

with

diluted

of meli-

the

use

cerate

of

privet.
The

iris,of

PoJyarchhan,
cyperus,

of

Of

otherwise.

myrrh,

of the

xylobalsam, of costus,

schoenanth,

frankincense, of spikenard, of mastich,

of amomum,
of

of

cardamom,

of

storax, of bdellium,

Indian

long birthwort, of

of roasted

of

of

of

leaf,of saffron,of cassia,of pellitory,

each, oz. j ; of ammoniac
perfume, oz. iss ;

iij; of turpentine,lb. j ; of stag'smarrow,

oz.
ij; of wax, lb. ij; of opobalsam, oz. vj; of wine, oz. viij.
The malagma Philagrianum. Of saffron,oz. iss ; of aloes,of
ammoniac
perfume, of bdelHum, of storax, of each, oz. j ; of
the fat of geese, oz. ij; of the medicine
iv ; of
oz.
oesypum,
ment
palm-nuts, oz. ij; of wax, lb. j ; of nard, oz. vj ; of the ointof apples,oz. ^'j
will be sufficient for triturating
; of wine, what
the dry things.
The fragrant malagma.
Of saffron,of aloes,of mastich, of
wormwood,
III.

rosin,oz.

of storax, of wild

vine,

of

sowbread,

of

cloves, of
37

PLASTERS.

EMOLLIENT

578

each,
oz.

nard, lb. j ; of

of

iij;

oz.

palm-nuts, xij;

yy,
T7ie

Of

Baton.

malagma

wine,

of

[book

lb.

wax,

oil of

of

tii.

apples,

s.

q.

cassia,of Celtic wild

of

cardamom,

Aine,of tlie flowers of tlie wild pomegranate, of virginwax, of each,

of each, scr. vj ;
scr.
viij; of savin, of sowbread, of amomum,
of the

schoenanth,

of the

lilyperfume,

j;

of

nard, of the

of

iss

cloves, scr.

bdellium, of mastich, of aloes,

of

vj ;

iv ; of

iiis,scr.

frankincense, of myrrh, of each,

of

ij;

oz.

oil of

of

xviij;

oz.

ladanum,

of

oz.

of

scr.

lentisk,of each,

ss

oz.

of

maple rosin,

pine rosin,of turpentine,of each, oz. iij; of opobalsam, oz. j ;

ammoniac
perfume, scr. vj ; of wax, oz. vj. The bruised

of

and

things

musk,

mastich,

vine,

iij;

of the

three

viij;

scr.

add, of pepper,

saffron,oz.

Of

malagma.

oz.

oil of wild

with

xviij,

scr.

j.

scr.

Galenian

The

pounded

be

to

are

some
prescription,

another

In

vine.

of

dried

and

juicy

fruit of

large dates

ss

wormwood,
of

of

oil

of

iijj

oz,

of wild

viij;

scr.

wax,

j;

aloes, oz.

of

apples,oz. vj.
TTie
of

Brythrion. Of storax, oz. v ; of quinces,oz.

masuaphium, of saffron, of each, dr. x;

malagma

masucha

or

bread, of cyphi,of each, dr. v

of each, dr.
of sowbread, of wormwood,
crumbs

of

of ammoniac
V

oz.

of

each,

oz.
X

dr.

of

of

vine, oz. iiss ;

cloves, scr.

xv

perfume, scr. x ; of opobalsam, scr. viss ; of nard,

Colophonian rosin, of gleucinum, of oil of apples,of
x

oz.

wild
; of

xx

of oil of roses,

; of

honey, coch.

of wax,

dr.
x;

; of

oz.

of Indian

leaf,dr.

with

Falernian

viiss. Triturate

oz.

bee-glue,

; of

of

x;

tine,
turpen-

spikenard,
Aminsean

and

wine.
The

Of wax,
of

lb.

j;

saffron,oz.
The

ofNilus,for all

splenicmalagma
of ammoniac
ss

malagma

each, lb. j ; of ammoniac

of

perfume, lb. j ;

(some make
citrinum.

othen'

it,oz.
Of

j) ;

wax,

perfume,

of

of oil of

of

of

privet,lb. j ;

^dnegar,

q.

s.

Colophonian rosin, of

arsenic, of lime, of alum,

%dnegar, of each, cyath.viij. Triturate

the

of induration.

cases

the

dry things with

vinegar.
The

harher's

pine rosin, of
of the
sext.

fat

j;

of
of

chamseleon,

pitch,lb. j ; of wax, of
perfume, of natron, of dry bay-berries,
each, lb. ij of the flour of fenugreek,

malagma.

ammoniac

bulls, of

pollen, sext.
lb.

j.

dried

Of

-,

j;

of

the

dried

root

of the

black

PLASTERS.

EMOLLIENT

580

Of

bee-glue,oz.
ss

oz.

The

vj ;

of storax,

of

sumach,

galls,of

of

of

manna,

the

oil

each,

dr.

each, lb. j ; five large palm-nuts

AntyUian

The

of

j;

oz.

sumach,

wild

the

oz.

scr.

of oil of

fissile

of wild

pomegranate,

apples,q.

scr.

olives, of

of Amiucean

of

Syrian

oz.

ss

scr.
scr.

of

galls,scr.

aloes,
oil of

the
of

of the

s.

q.

viij; of
viij;

scr.

xv

of

wax,

wine,

alum,

wine,

xx

juice of

myrtle-oil,of

viij; of dried roses,

the Egyptian thorn,

of

yj ;

scr.

olives, scr.

unripe
of

mastich,

of

of the

roses,

unripe

j;

Of

malcujma.

of

^ine, of aloes, of

"wild

of acacia, of fissile alum, of dried

saflFron,

wormwood,

of turpentine,

j;

oz.

vit.

s.

q.

Of

iviJclvine.

from

malagma

mastich,

ij ; of

oz.

nard,

lees of

of the

[book

Syriac
flowers
of wax,

s.

Of
saffron,of sandyx, of
malai/ma from grape stones.
vine, of each, oz. j ; of dried alum, oz. iv; of the flowers

The

wild

of the

wild

of dried

of roses,

myrtles, of
apples, lb. ij; of quinces, oz.

oil of

of

using, take
The

ij; of chamomile,

oz.

boiled, mix

of the

iij:

green

dill,oz.

vj :

of the

part of

inner

lb.

j;
palm
viij.

oz.

j.
of

of

much

melilot,

Having

of poppy.

of fresh

add

stones,
oz.

as

flower

wax,

of wax,

heads

green

consumed,

separatelytriturate

and

Of

ij; ten

oz.

is

the

Nicolan

ten

grape

decoction, lb. iij; and

the decoction

when

dill.

from

malagma

iv ;

dried

wine, q. s. ; of
of the medicine, oz.

of AmiuEean

nuts;
In

unripe olives,of
each, oz. ij; of white

of oil of

pomegranate,

oil

and

hog's lard, lb. ij;

baked
oz.
squill,
ij;

ij. Mix all together.

Tlie malagma
ambrosia, for stopping fevers. Of litharge,
of linseed, oz. \j ;
lb. j; of fresh hog's lard, oz. -s-j
; of the juice
of white
ix; of oil of roses, lb. j ; of honey, oz. iij;
oz.
wax,

and

of

of

stag's marrow,

j.

oz.
safi'ron,

Ce

Clerc

also the

serve

declare

(Pharmac.

du

de

terme

raw

yelks of

describes

thus

qu'on appelloitmalagma

Galien
se

add

Some

Le

Commentary.

CoMM.

oz.

ne

these

difteroit fort

on

de

celui

d'emplatre.'^

Ce

an

indurated

calefacient, being in

Templatre.

vii,5) qu'ilest indiff'erent qu'on

gen.

malagme,

applicationsto parts in

eggs.

preparations:
de

qu'on appelloitepitheme etoit aussi

chose."
According
meme
(Hist,de la Med.)
from
derived
their name
being used
malagmata
adds,

'^

ten

state, and

general

neither

peu

le

Galen, the

to

were

pres

He

as

emollient
rately
all mode-

desiccative

nor

He

humectative.
tions

describes

the

accuracy

and

his usual

with

ETC.

ACOPA,

XIX.]

SECT.

581

composition

of these

Comm.

prepara-

of the malagmata.
He
gives a full account
says
and
inasmuch
as
pastilsdiffer,
malagmata
plasters,malagmata,
the
other
of
consist
two
aromatics, whereas,
are
principally
Celsus

formed

rather

they

and
refrigerant,

are

few

gout.

general, he

calefacient

but

says,

however,

refrigerant; some,
applicationsto the

as

only

not

are

than

used

are

In

substances.

calefacient

rather

are

metallic

from

joints in
epispastic.

also

He
makes
tion
menno
gives prescriptionsfor 35 malagmata.
Scribonius
of epithemes. (v, 17, 2.)
Largus, likewise,
of
the
treats fully
malagmata (" cclv-cclxvii).
He

Oribasius
the

first

the

second

consisting
kind,

thereof; and
X,

there

of

three

are

dry things, namely,

of metalhc

substances, or

third, of juices,suet,

the

varieties

and

of

malagmata
and

roots

certain

herbs

proportion

(Med.

tears.

Collect.

28.)
full

is

of them

account

given by

Actuarius

(Metli.'Med.
followingepitheme is said

Myrepsus (" xi,xxxiv.) The

Of
powerfullypurgative:
scammony,

and

vi,9)
to

that

states

be

of

"

of

spurge,

each, dr. viij;

dr.

gall,of each,
leaves

of

of white

of the

iij;

turpentine rosin, dr. iv;

of black

of

root

of each

wormwood,

and

dr.

of Attic

wild

the

of Tuscan

honey,

oz.

elaterium,

hellebore,of
cucumber,
wax,

dr.

viij; of

of

bulFs

of the

viij;

red

of

nitre,

1.

c^)
j.^'(Myrepsus,
is
a
sions
malagma for luxated
joints and contufollowing
Of
:
galbanum, oz. j ; of saffron, dr. ij; of ammoniac
perfume, of pure wax, of each, oz. iss ; of dried pitch,lb. iss;
of very acrid vinegar, coch. iss." (Ibid.)
oz.

The

''

XIX.

SECT.

The
the

feeling of

then,
The

are

acopa

lassitude

are

but

so

named

for

lassitude,as

they agree

and

are

the

with

been

many

other

emollient,

prepared
like.

having

AND

LINIMENTS,

SINAPISMS.

first invented

tensive,ulcerative, and

calefacient, some

calefacient

of rosemary,

(dROPACES),

PLASTERS

CALEFACIENT

(aCOPA),

OINTMENTS

RESTORATIVE

ON

from

They

complaints.

and

pepper,
agree

with

'

'

minuteness.

some

for

osseous

Some,

stimulant.

the
pellitory,
aSections

of

seed
the

and

nerves,
to

ETC.

ACOPA,

582

which
strong frigidity

heat.

The

infarction
formed
The

of

emoUient

stimulant

in

the

chronic

dislodge,namely,
The

consistence

the

cerates

but

have

affections,and

in

such

more

materials
the

of

affections
facient

in which

for the

of

composed

of

the

mustard

of

and

after

remedies

have

applicable in

applied to the
chronic
cough when
catarrh, a sinapism
the

to

suitable

any

part which

has

it may

proceed
part is

to

the

become

bhstered

been

lost,care

without

are

in

has

cold

fixed

state

and

chest

dropax (''caleto prepare

order

both

to the

chronic

after

tone,

is in

or

limits
has

swelled
in

and

catochus
are

in the
cannot

to

be

and

cold

the

and

so

Of

to

state, and
of

that

the

and

the

after

the

if the

burning

therefore

the

diseases,

acute

sinapisms,which,

applied to
the

cases,

lest the
and

them.

But

taken

of

chest

of

action

manner.

admit

warmed

head

chronic

produced,

examined.

part, to

in

of

up,

be

be

all

mania,

and

podagric

been

mild

must

not

especially

more

affections

and

pain

is

to

powerful application,

being perceived,

uncovered

commencement,

matter

chronic

same

sinapism

It is

ischiatic

The

violent

lethargy,cataphora, and
if at the

its

warmed.

often

be

lost

]i\dd and

far

too

in all

serves

asthma, orthopncEa,and

the

to

appKed
belly in

more

has
sensibility

in

be

may
and

when

are,

flesh becomes
bath

applied

remedy

easilybe

medicine

It

affections

in vain.

other
Their

order

most

chronic

and

head;

stomach

It is

cannot

tried

the

sinapism,in
The

fold
two-

warm.

the
A

acopa,

has

cephaltea,hemicrauia, epilepsy,
vertigo,and

when

and

the

the

been

the

plasters.

with

complaint.
ingredients,but is

many

part

sinapism,in

agreeing particularlywith
other

the

applicable.
a

between

dropax

and

acopa

to

plaster,and

into

appliedbefore

residue

the

remove

resemble

sinapismsare

plaster")is

body

liniments

them

difficult

applicable.

The

like

to

are

intermediate

The

like, are

are

is to be

cataplasm, agreeing

as

acopa

rub

like those

are

purpose

the

Some

the

sinapisms

as

being

one

and

such

liquidconsistence.

malagma.

cases

plasters.

composition,the
like

induration, scirrhus, and

cnidium,

granum

of all the

and
a

readilyrestored

joints; and the materials of which

they are
been
pointed out by us when
treatingof plasters.
being composed of lemnestis, the seed of rosemary,

have

used

with

agree

be

cannot

vit.

the

euphorbium,
be

[book

head.
but

the

legs,but
Those

with

if

which

difficulty.

bK?

Sinapisms
siuapisms applied to the legs aud arms.
when
there
is
continued
fever or
be
to
entirelyproscribed
ulcer ; also in affections of cartilaginous
parts, and such as
have

must
are
an

have

flesh.

no

sometimes
The
of

ETC.

ACOPA,

XIX.]

SECT.

biu-nt black
called

acopon

vj ; of

which

parts

devoid

are

sinapisms are

when

Of

Bromion.
lb.

rosin, of each,

common

oz.

the

For

of

marshmallows,

of

j;

flesh

Colophonian rosin,

hog's lard, oz.

of

fenugreek,

are

them.

applied to
of

wax,

of

iv;

of

butter,

of

linseed,

each,

lb.

ij; of oil,lb. j ; of galbanum, oz. iiss. Having boiled

juice with the oil until the most of the juice be consumed,
the

other
The

things with

complex

lb.

stag's marrow,
of

old

rosin, of each,

of

from

taken

and

The

of

opoponax,

herbs

and

which

the

each,

juice

like the

boiled

is

of

TJie
of

melilot,

of

formed,

boiled

iv

Avith

or

;
a

The

until

there

then

are

oil,oz.

Of

of

Cilician

Then
a

of

tine,
turpenof

iij;

oz.

lb.

j, is

the
be

to

lb.

added

fat of

oesypum,

iij.

oz.

of

of

chamomile,

each,

in sext.

macerated

iss

oz.

of

viijof

the

days, and boiled to a

of the juice,with lb. ivss of old
quantity of the juice remain
;

it of

to

of the

for three

moderate

v;

of

medicine

marshmallows,

things are

the

of

Colophonian rosin,

each,

the

fenugreek,

oz.

xv

of white

Lysiponimn.

acopon

mastich,

galbanum,

fat of geese,

of the
little

j ; of

These

consistence.

are

and

of

iij.

of

ij;

fat of geese,

hog's lard, lb. ij;

Of

linseed,

of Ascalon

milky

oz.

of

lb.

former.

Basil'ms.

of

oz.

wine

oil

each,

acopon

amomum,

lb.

each,

castor,

bulls, of rosin, of Colophonian rosin, of

of wax;

of

euphorbium,

of

vj ;

of

of

marshmallows,

of the

of wax,

iss ; of

oz.

of Azanites.

acopon

cumin,

oil,lb. j ;

lb.

of

juice
of

nard, of each, lb. j ;

or

common

the

rue,

of

j;

add

galbanum.

Of

acopon.

fenugreek,of linseed, of
opobalsam,

and

wax

the

Of

butter, oz.
; of

wax,

of

turpentine,
triturated

stag's marrow,
lb.

iij.

pepper,

aloes, of elecampane,

vj ;

of

of

castor, of

iris,of each,

oz.

storax,
iv ; of

perfume, of myrrh, of
euphorbium, of costus, of ammoniac
marjoram (sampsuchum), of frankincense, of cyperus, of cassia
fistula,of

the

amomum,

of

seed

of rosemary,

bdellium,

of

of

each,

oz.

iij;

xylobalsam,of each,

oz.

of

ij;

adarce,

of Indian

spikenard, of pellitory,of saffron, of each, oz. j

of nard, of the ointment
opobalsam, lb. j ; of the ointment
privet,of glcucinum, of each, lb. ij ; of wax, lb. j.

leaf,of

of

; of

of

"wax,

Another

of

xxviij;
dr.

marrow,

of

nitrum,

of ammoniac

vj ;

barbaric

The
and

many

wax,

lb.

ss

oz.

chroum,

whites

lb.

j;

of

xxiv

of box

Ha\dng

of

mixed

the
and

using

as

iris,and

of

hedy-

Colophonian rosin, lb.

iss ; of

of ammoniac

old

oil,lb. ij;

perfume,

oil,lb. ij;

of the

fat of geese,

the

it up

in

the

i.

e.

coldness

from

burnt.

we

and

for

joints.

must

boil the

them,

iv

sext.

They

of

used

are

throw

away

of the

fir

if the

But
seed

water,
in

of

and

having

lassitude,paralysis,

spontaneous

the

of

urgent,
with

ripe seed

sext.

things, use

oil, mixing

the

xvj ; of oil,lb. xv ; of wax,

pine-nut, or of turpentine, of each, oz. iv.
seed of the fir,add it to the oil,and allowing

modius,

other

being

cense,
of frankin-

juice of linseed, lb. j ; of

oz.
vj ; of butter, oz. viij;

Of

fir,of Galen.

forty days, filtrate

it be

iij;

oz.

prepared it,lay

Having

eggs.

from

bruised

remain

Of

Pyxis.

of the

rosin, of

it to

same

of

of

vj ;

oz

the

storax, of bay, of

of

oesypum,

wood.

acopon

ivj

oils

each,

viij;

tree, j Italian
lb.

of

ix ; of old

milk,

The

the

called

acopon

vessel

of

vj.

oz.

oz.

the

Tuscan

of

j;

oz.

of

turpentine,oz.
cow's

of

diseases,

ischiatic

oz.

opoponax,

aphro-

iij.

iv ;
oz.
ij; of stag's marrow,
lemnestis, (a saline concretion),it is

each,

marjoram,

The

of

turpentine, lb. iiss; of galbanum, oz. j; of

perfume, oz. ij; of euphorbium, of castor, of white

iv ; of

sweet

Of

purposes.

stag's

oil,sext. j ;

old

of castor, dr.

also

of

vj ;

galbanum,
of

vj ;

wax,

of

j;
of

adarce,

of

from euphorbium,for

acopon

other

ammoniac
pepper,

add

Some

wine, cyath, ij.

dr.

each,

dr.

each,

perfume,

of

bay ben-ies,

of

honey,

of

Ivj;

dr.

turpentine,

Of

of

oesypum,

diluted.

and

undiluted

viij. Use both

fetid acopjon.

dr.

marrow,

oz.

vii.

Of
fetid acopon from Galen's ivork, secundum
genera.
moniac
of turpentine,of each, dr. xxiv; of galbanum, of amperfume, of each, dr. vj ; of old oil,hemin. ij; of stag's

dr.

[book

ETC.

ACOPA,

584

necessity for
fir with

the

prevent

to

podagric

and

the
them

arthritic

affections.
The
the

same

fruit of the

lb.

iij; of the
lb. j.
wax,
The

Of

otherwise.

acopon

oil,hemin.

fir,mod.

j, i.

rosin

of

pine-nut

from

the

black

e.

sext.
or

xxv,

i. e.

sext.

xiiss

of

xvj ; of the rosin of ash,

of
of turpentine,lb. iij
;

ptoplar,for

the

same

affections.

of

fruit

black

the

585

fir,adding

fruit of the

of the

Insteud

ETC.

ACOPA,

XIX.]

SECT.

poplar,

equal quantityof

an

other

the

prepare

like

in

things

the

manner.

The

of

rosin,

oz.

xvj ;

ij;

of

adarce,

oz.

of tender

j;

of

aphronitrum,

oz.

and

oz.

adarce

together.
alkanet, that they
The
the

or
drojJttw,

pine rosin, and

only
lb.

in

of

each, oz.

ij;

Otherwise,

and

opoponax,

turate
tri-

separatelywith

acquire colour, and ha\dng cooled, mix.

Of
Of Oribasius.
plaster Gallus.
calefacient
which
of

of

roasted

lb.

rosin,

of

j;

of

pepper,

of castor, of

of

vj ;

oz.

of

Of

of

iv

oz.

wild

lb.

of

euphorbium,
sulphur

of

dried,

grape

opobalsam,

wax,

Brutian

galbanum,

opoponax,

of the

Sicyonian oil,lb. j ;

of

xv;

of

each,

ammoniac,

simjjledropax.

oz.

bitumen,

found

pitch,of each,

dried

ships, of

of

frankincense,

woody, being

the

is called

pitch
iv;

of

is redolent

which

natron,

of

bium,
euphor-

natron,

substances

soluble

hellebore, of

iij;

oz.

the

add

then

iv

oz.

may

the

of

of white

of

the

the

pine

opoponax,

of natron,

j;

oz.

Triturate

pellitory,of each,

of

vivum,

Melt

lb.

wax.

pitch,lb. ij;
adarce,

wine,

of that

Italy, of

iv;

with

rosin

Colophonian

euphorbium,
iv.

of

oil,lb. j ;

old

of

iv;

oz.

wax,

Of

for tremhlings.

celebrated

of Zosimus,

liniment

oz.

of dried

j;

vj.
pitch,

pitch,lb. j ; of pine pitch,lb. iss ; of roasted

oz.
Having first prepared the part with natron, apply.
rosin,lb.j,
iij.
the preceding day, di-ied
On
The preparation of a sinapism.
lb. iss

of Brutian

figs are
to

in

properly filtrated

be

acrid

macerated

be

to

mustard,

such

strongly pounded.
Syriac and Egyptian,

separately,pouring
and

mixing

into

forming

sinapism,joining two
if

in

weak,

allowed

mustard

After

the

if the

pain
we

with
is

uncovered

wet

to

impaired, care
and

Then

cloth

But

must

examined,

if redness

in the

in

of

cases

Then

they

weaker.

it becomes
and

the

and

blisters

bath

or
use

may

when
paralysis,

taken,

for often

we

one,

triturated,be

juice of mallows,

apply.
be

away,

but
figs,

moderate

it is

do,

some

rated
tritu-

strong

of dried

if

before

cleared

and

and

some

is to be

form

to

one

are

infusion, and

the

wish

we

to

mustard

vinegar, as

oil of roses,
ceruse.

if

proportion;

violent, or
a

little of

of mustard

been

has

continue

are

with
cerate

in

macerate

to

mass

If the

equal parts.

mixing

it

on

parts

inverse

the

day they

next

and

the

as

and

tepid water,

used,
vene,
super-

greek,
of fenuthe
the

rose

bility
sensi-

and

the

part frequently

are

burnt

immoderately

ACOPA,

586

without

vinegar,is
of the

of

in

efficacious

more

of

cases

of

myrrh,

in baths
the

of

and

eyebrow
and

to

la

ou

le

be

man

Le

of
these

consistence

temple, especiallyif

it be

and

again,
into

the

qui diroit,Unguens qui

servoit

s^en

bare

the

Acopa

of

remedy

On

"

les

otent

les

douleurs,

principalement

apaiser les douleurs

pour
fatigue." (Hist, de la Med.)

delasser,ou
et la

when

middle

bath.

of

says

be

may

of the sordes
the

Clerc

comme

things
from

put

lassitude, parcequ'on

travail

troglodytic
each, oz. iij; of

it, beginning

cools, anoint

properly,let the

Alexander.

of

dr. iv ; of

that

so

diseases

rubefacient, especially

the ivorks

of the

with

whole

the

after it

appelloitacopa

as

pepper,

q. s.,

become

anoint

'
*

white

vinegar,

then

Commentary,

CoMM.
"

mustard, especiallyin

From

of

properly triturated,and

acts

than

vii.

goat's dung, applied with

writing-ink,of each,

crocomagma,

saffron,dr. ij;

hairs

And

hemicrania.

of

euphorbium,

of

it.

[book

hip-joint.
liniment
acting
from toriting-ink

The

Of

sensible

being

ETC.

qu'on

sent

Galen

pour
le

apres

explainsthat

derived
their name
from
although this class of ointments
being oiiginallyused as soothing applicationsto parts
afterwards
were
exertion, they came
pained from severe

their
which
be

to

applied for various other purposes, as for removing all deepseated

Their
pains,iudui"ations,contractions, and the like.
that of the liquid
consistence, he says, is nearly the same
as
the ointments
made
from
oil.
and
cerates
wax
or
According
he adds, they have
the epithets of emollient,
to their qualities,
calefacient,anodyne, relaxant, or alterative,applied to them.
He
describes,in prose and verse, the composition of an almost
countless
varietyof these preparations.(De med. sec. gen. vii.)
Celsus
utilia ner^ds
sunt."
:
Acopa quoque
says of the acopa
"

He
and

gives formulae
stimulant

ointment,
the

(v,25.)

Scribonius
The
the
"

same

the

and

liniments
as

mixed

with

or

them

the

sinapisms.

consist

oil

divides

calefacient,and
to

which

acopa,

Oribasius

approach

near

for two

medicines

emollient,

being

only

On

of aromatic

fragrant

some

into

three

scarifacient
the

acopa

kinds,
the

see

last

further

Actuarius.
of the
those

autem
''E-y^ptCTra

ancients

of

the

Graeci

seem

moderns.
vocant

to

have
Celsus

been
says

liquida qui

very
of

much
them

illinuntur.''

silentio

CoMM.

ETC.

ACOPA,

588

transire^

sit

erratum

gra^ater

quam

[book

Georgio

vii.

Baglivi,

'

"

qui

Oribasii

meminit^

vesicaiitium

scripsit^

Grsecorum

de

suggerit

sinapismi

ridum

facit^ ueutiquam
de

loquitur tanquam
utebantur.

^Etius

cantharidum

medicinal

quidem

ad

qua

in

formam

canthade

scio,

bis

excitandas

cute

exbibuit,

tres

qu8e

exulcerans

dropax

et

ejusmodi

quidem

vesicas

dropacis

profecto

et

quod

rero^

recipit, unde

dracbmas

semel

et

et

dropaces

sinapi, pipere^ pyretbro

ex

couficiebantui-j

mentiouem

Is

quae

generCj

usu

fuisse^

noverit.

nou

de

qui

Graeeum

et

vesicantium

qui

dicuntur,

medicamentis

acribus

eundem

quum

eo

Arabibus^

ex

seripsisse,nemo

idiomate

aliquid

primi

utpote

vulgo

audit."
Oribasius

gives,
of

account

"oith

tbe

other

ulcer
a

in

he

remedies

it

The

attended

with

our

author,

figs

and

its

macerate

renders

the
similar

Oribasius

being

cases.

with

that

the

figs

the

sinapism
See

ischiatic
of

in

in

exactly

as

(De

goat^s
as

diseases.
author.

vinegar

instead

weaker.
the

the

Greeks,

Unguentis,

the

of

of

cases

which

of
The
and

i.)

an

or

carus,

of

in

nished
dimihe

re-

fevers
Like

with

dried

Archigenes,
terms.

same

dung,

pounded

sinapism,

jNIyrepsus's
He

is

is seated

sinapism

nearly

efficacious

our

preparation

Mesne

in

authority

represent

equally
to

all

of

diseases

sensibility.

the

the

upon

is
It

case

disease

diminished

prepare

properties

particularly

exactlv

it

as

to

us

patient

the

diseases

suit

not

chronic

it in

cious
judi-

obtuse.

in

the

acute

and

Aetius,

and

vinegar,

agrees

that

directs

medicinal

Aetius

applying

some

he

is

lethargy, catochus,

ai'e

heat

of

mustard.

details

with

loss

when

or

onlv

tbe

all

almost

and

it does

"svben

recommends

He

applicable

as

says

failed, except

liver,

part.

that

sensibility
in

says,

or

sensibilitv.

presents

He

tbe

have

lungs

the

cartilaginous

Both

and

constitution,

interesting

most

least, only

at

or,

applicable, however,
when

Antyllus,

sinapism.

diseases,

acute

inert

an

from

account

mentions

water,

and

that
but

x^rabians

applied

says
pared
preit

in

OINTMENTS.

XX.]

SECT.

OF

PREPARATIONS

DIFFERENT

XX.

SECT.

589

OILS

AND

OINTMENTS.

Of

mentSj

some

the

oil, such

seeds, and
therefore

oil,

rather

are

the

to

oils of
and

seeds,some

bear

melinum

as

the

or

altered, and
in

squeezed out
walnuts,

almonds,

wine, must,
fats and

being

some

ointments
and

cyprinum

receiying wax,
called

such

do

as

successive

not

such

bay
;

as

and

and,

such

the

last

of

if their
number

useful, such

flowers

as

formed

of
the

as

weaker

are

whole

to

have

some

the

compound
which

are

filtrated,
some
mixed

pounded

either

by being
the

as

lentisk, of bay,

The

oil,such

them

remoyed,

of

fruits and

from

separated, such

like,

boiled

oils of

of

ones

Palma

with

the

in the

oil

times
some-

Of

oil.

cipally
prin-

are

and
jtiices,

these,

called, simply,

composition,

boiled

are

and

at

some

articles which
as

their

only
complex materials,as

some

of

into

decamp'on, amaracinum,

sicyonium ;

put in,

; then

the

And
consist

boiled

are

gleucinum, nardinum, sicyonium,

of acopa, and
having the consistence
the

or

additions,the

first

being
savin

rosin,

and

the

as

some

them.

mastichinum,

and

but

for

strictlyoily consistence, are

myracopa,

resembling

being

unguents,

or

and

herbs,

water, and

or

marrows,

of

like.

of aromatic

composed

such

of them
thus

the

the

But

sun.

more

added

apples;

and

of

of sesame,

and

fruits

-which

exposed

those

them

oily part

Christi,of radish, and

with

Of

from

press

into

insolation, being easilydissipated,

violet.

the

if

But

put

admitting boiling,and

the

to

stances.
sub-

more

from

the

to

chamomile,

of rue,

finer and

less

oil of

or

of

formed

permanent,

formed

are

flowers

exposed

and

lilyand

the

as

formed

flowers

chamomile.

volatile

more

such

and

from

from

of oint-

added

compounded

are

the

form

article

one

shoots, as

they become

sun,

roses

some

of

none

fragrance be strong
days

oils in the

that

roses,

certain

from

they

are

lilies ;

oil of

the

some

oil of

the

some

with

along

simple

as

or

of

or

and

prepared

are

Of

susinum,

ointments,

simple, lia\angonly

are

some

oil, and
the

and

unguents

are

and

metopium,

two, three,

most

those

namely,

once,

the

are

or

difficult to

four
boil

rosewood, spathe,frankinccnse-tree,

aromatics, Indian-leaf,spikenard, amomum,

all, the jaices, fats,marrow,

and

perhaps

OINTMENTS.

590

and

wax

is not
the

boiled

admit
the

added.

being

all,but

at

ointment

not
as

rosins

but

after

ointment,

verdigrishaving

cyprinum

and

added
but

them,

to

the

of

cases

all the

which

foliatum.

the

as

some

they

so

as

and

inclines

to

moschelsea

are

to

nails

for

night

and

others

irinum, crocinum,

heating qualities,are
the

as

extremities

iij;

oz.

rather

of

bound

red

the

instead

order

that

without

chamomile,
and

the

bury

its

of the

day,

vessel

with

ij;
a

their

but

fragrant

those

called

deprived of

roses

flowers),and

unripe olives,one
carefully,so

in

sun

insolation
be

open

the

on

fragrance may

dried

air for

pavement,

put

the

vessel

preservedby

the

it

the white
oz.

olives ;

vessel

the

to

gleucinum;

and

oil of

up

particular

oil.

of their
the

for

tonic, and

in

wild

deposit the vessel, not

some

and

and

cyprinum

viscera

Of

evaporate, expose
then

surface

as

and

and

roses.

desium,
men-

subtile, paregoric,

underground.
chamcEmelinum, or oil of chamomile.

The

over

of

Having

table

well, in

cold, but

night

day,

not

upon

into

white

sextarius.

it may

oil

or

agree

moderate,

mastichinum, nardinum,

musk

but

heating;

the

those

are

(or the

forty days, and

but

The

but

such

stomach

compositions of

or

their

that

tonic

the

being

their

cutting,

the

as

rosaceum,

Italian

oil

them.

more

prepared from
ointments
used
some
are
only by women
smell, as the foliatum, spicatum, commagenum,

the

of

powerfully heating,and
with

agree

most

The

mixture.

of the articles

vehicle

abrade

to

hot

addition

are

relaxed, such
the

this

them,

susinum, amaracinum,

in

Some,

sicyonium

but

in

is

in the

oil,as

powers

pentamyron

moderately

desiccative
sufficiently

when

or

ointments

The

are

digestive,such

hence

were)

is stronger,

decamyron

those

it

complex

marciatum.
the

in

iss of well-

powerfully calefacient and emollient, so as to

of ancylosisand infarction,as the metopium,

are

with

pounded

the

prepare

of

ointment
the

are

(as

the

do

some

oz.

and

only mixed,

to

fire,an

possessed of

Avhich

or

groundwork

nature
some

are

the

put into lb.

dip

amaracinum,

wishing

from

been

boiling is over,

ingredientsare

vii.

opobalsam,

or

of the ointments

; and

the

the

when

taking it

simple ointments

after

some,

triturated

The

juiceof balsam,

cooled

boilingat all,but

mendesium;

green

The

is added

moderately
of

[book

of

which
petals,

oil, one

Of
has

Italian

plain piece of cloth, so

the

been

flower

dried

sextarius.
as

to

allow

of

for

Cover
it to

OINTMENTS.

XX.]

SECT.

transpirefor forty days, after

and

over

The

dried, oz.
in like

to

those

the

double

in

been

having

dried
lilies,
sextarius

like

invented

oil,and

ounces

are

The

manner

green

expose

to

be

dill,

the

sun

prepared

hair

of

dried

at

dill

oil of chamomile

and

the

but

they

especiallyif

made

first

exposed

weaker

are

by

exposure

added

for other

oz.

cane,

of

the

of

cinnamon,

of

petals

to

are

divided

three

oil

the

macerate

for

times

and

in water

then

we

hour.

we
Having filtrated,

of

and
lilies,

the

in the

remainder

instead

with

The

and

of the

thrown

triturated

it,arnabo,

and

lay

or

violets,some

some

from

of their

white

nails

covering

to

it

we

for five
boil

to

are
we

to

are

days, stirring it
the

oil for

oil the

third

again,after

three

in

one

lilies ;

saffron.
add

first,we

the

cinnamon

quantity

days

add

to

are

after other

But
it the

to

double

and

the

away

pure

three

the

davs,

pounded,
of

cassia

or

or,

car-

it up.

iaton,violaceum,

oil of

the

to

First,

part
days, again having filtrated,
we

three

we
being filtrated,

of

pesium,

third

filtrated

having
oil

other

after

add

whole

in wine

it with

of

iij;

oz.

The

Secondly,

boil

laid up.

dried, lb. j ;

v.

then

for three

to

are

and

calamus

time.

thus

two

additions.

successive

and

other

cardamom,

nails

the

days, after

oil,sext. iij;

safiron,oz.

day,

Of

it

prevent

away,

of

their

and

short

very

cardamom

like manner,

of

three

myrrh

oz.

Cilician

into

the

macerate

the

myrrh,

of

iij;

oz.

days, stirringit
it with

of

lily,deprived

is to be

process

to

days, and

Italian

an

for three

lilies.

of

to

as

thrown

three

oil

or

so

sun

white

petals of

added

over

and

susinum, perhaps

the

be

to

the

to

filtered

being

be

to

ijare

oz.

also

Of

in Susa.

comjjound susinum,

aromatic

and

for the

carefullycovered

evaporating,and
the

the

of the

likewise

called
of lilies,

oil

in like manner,

of

which,

put

sun

dill,and

green

sextarius

vessel,and used;

prepared

from

hair

the

dill may

the

to

liliaceum,or

from

from

carefullycovered

sun.

The

we

in

be

may

oil of

exposure

be boiled

than

it is to be

Of

Italian

oil^an

The

manner.

dill.

of

oil

or

of sweet

j;

without

may

wliich

laid up.

anethinum,

once,

591

from

oil

or

the

of

purple,some

violets, adding
an

up

Italian

oz.

sextarius

carefullyto

They

violets.

from

the

and
safi'ron-like,

iijof

the

of the

oil of

prevent

prepare

leaves

it from

deprived

unripe

olives

evaporating;

OINTMENTS.

592

they

insolate

every

three
add

they
The
nian
a

few

The

sesaminum,

strainers

with

The

for

the

with

small

The

in

the

riciuus,which

is

in

sext.

double

The
the

called

amyf/dalinum,-

or

poured

water

Some

add

sweet

oil,and

oz.

oil

The

in,

and

black

of almonds,
invented

who

of

this

cardamom,

of

carpobalsam, of each,
vj ;

of

articles,sext. iv;

being
them

into

of Attic

triturated
the

other

from

the

add

of

gated.
levi-

or

in the

seed.

For
iv of

oz.

boil

lay up.

is

prepared like
being bruised, a little

to

described

as

Italian

an

above.

sextarius

called

j;
of

of

it

metopium,
which
the

of

the

to

soak

rosin

in

part

of the

things boiled, and

then

dissolved

iij.

lb.

add

ij;

aromaticus,

galbanum,

fragrant wine

honey,

it

galbanum

almonds,

of calamus
of

tians,
Egyp-

because

followingthings :

bitter

myrrh,
lb.

The

metopium.

The

and

also

seed

filtrate and

This

schoenanth,

turpentine,lb. ij;

radishes

forty days, or

thus

separated

oil, called

lb.

prepared

vessel.
is

j ; of the

in

in hot

This

in the

for

almonds

double

is

of the

poplar, they

almonds.

almonds

which

is

squeezed

It is found

rosin

insolate

oil

seed

poplar.

black

of

the

of

oz.

unripe

sesame

castor-oil.

galbanum, and the shrub from

It admits
got is called metopium.
the oil of unripe olives,sext. xx ; of
lb.

then

separated.

contains
is

of

similarlypounded

is much

bitter

ijof pounded
boil in

and

this

Egypt

hours, and

oil

pure

the

in

oil and

for three

aforementioned,

Cydo-

of oil of

oil

And

oil

croton,

of the

of sweet

vessel

the

manner

there
spring when
the grains of
breaking down
to

The

Christi,or

same

oil

cegirinum,or

up,

from

oily part separated

from

Egypt

of

them

bark

sext.

radishes.

Palma

of

them

glass.

roots, pounded, and

oil

after

externallywith

their

Italian

the

of

of

oil

or

after

season

from

in vessels

manner

ricinmn,

The

rubbed

pieces with
to

prepared

of oily-grain.

or

screws,

same

prepared

laying

oily grains bruised, softened, and

raphaninum,

after

times

forty days.

oil

or

laid up

and

water

into

is

be

to

are

be added

to

are

in

This

of apples.

cut

insolated

from

the

and

them

prepared

is

oil

And

three

vii.

dried.

quinces,which

of cloth

olives,and

hlies.

the

completely

apples or
iijof

Kke

or

tliem

days, clianging

ten

days

melinum,

piece

lb.

it for

[book

and

of

each,

the

num
galba-

oil,we
the

dry
put

honey.

OINTMENTS.

XX.]

SECT.

all the

When

tepid,we
thick

The

oil of

almonds,

and

all

oil

or

of

it becomes

is

acorns

prepared

of oaks.

acorns

is

This

walnuts.

of

from

the

fruit

and

pounded

The
of

plain

bay, but

is added

to

expressed.

Some

ripe olives,sext. j

of

the

from

oil of

The

acorns.

of buy.

oil

or

manner

thus

it, for

prepared

like

the

in

the

old walnnts.

aforesaid,from
Laurinum,

oil

or

caryinum,

same

strain

fire and

the

it is still

while

it cools.

baJaninum,

like the

and

properly mixed,

are

it from

remove

when

The

things

593

oil is formed
mixed

the
sext.

mix

is

prepared
ij of bay-berries,
equal parts of

each.
The
the

manner

same

in two

ways,

The

by

of
of

sextarius
add

Some

of

bay,

with

Of

of mastich.

oil

boiled

in

sour.

to

each,

oil,sext.

kind

Italian

an

double

in

lentisk,

simple

added

of storax, of

and

fruit of

most

oil

wormwood

prepared

is

ripe but

olives,not

unripe olives,and

complex

the

from

The
of mastich.
mastich, oz, j,being

or

Chian
oil of

this

And

lentisk.

oil of

itself and

also,of

more

the

as

mastichinum,

is formed

oil

lentiscinum,or

vessel.

j.

oz.

of elecampane,

xylobalsam, lb. x ; of the schoenanth, lb. v ; of

of mastich,
cardamom, lb. vij; of mastich, lb. v ; of the wood
lb. j ;
of wormwood,
lb. viij
; of the hair
; of turpentine,lb. iij
of fragrant wine, sext. v ; of water, sext. j. The
dry things
for three
in wine
days, are mixed
being previouslymacerated
lb.

of

with

the

oil

then

the

mastich

mixed

and

water,

and

turpentine

filtrated,and

are

for

six

hours,

and

added,

and

being

perly
pro-

cooled

are

boiled

and

the

are

when

into

put

vessel.
The

by adding
Italian

ijof

oz.

sextarius

The

oz.

of

of

oz.

is

The

fenugreek

then

and
filtrated,

of

sext.

ijof

wine

stag's maiTow,
III.

of

This

of cucumbers.

root

of

wild

cucumber

double

vessel.

the

boilingin

Of

cucumbers.

is

oil, sext.

prepared
to

of

an

the

j ; of wild thyme, of
v ; of fattydead
pines,of marsh-mallows,
asplenium, oz. vj ; of fenugreek, sext. ij.
for one
in the water
first soaked
day and

the

melilot, of each,
each,

dried

oil,and
oil

of

root

the

of

compound

scraped

and

oil

simple sicyonian, or

wild

is added
; and

lb.

cucumber,

to

when

triturated

the

things

all
with

are
a

mentioned

boiled, there

little

oil, oz.

with
are

iv
38

oil

added
of

the

OINTMENTS.

594

of

grease

iv

fowls^ oz.

and

is to

be

after

boilingforty days.

deposited in

Another

oil

elaterium,
of

when

vessel.

of cucumbers,

also

and

of

vii.

it
again filtrated,
it to

expose

efficacious.Of

more

hyssop, of iris,of

of

elecampane,

is

tlie oil

Some

of round

iij;

sext.

[book

the

the

sun

of

juice

long birthworh, of storax,

colocynth,of pennyroyal,

of frankincense-tree, of centaury, of
origany, of cyperus,
bay-leaves,of each, oz. ij; of oil,sext. v.
Having mixed, boil
of

until

but

The
Of
of

little of the

cyprinum,

oil,sext.

of cyperus,
;
of

sampsuchum,

of

each,
be

to

oil the

of

not

with

of

if the

and

be

chaste-tree,of

j.

for

the

pure

hand,

hour

an

the

for

To

at

All

in wine

the dried

otherwise
boiled

iris,of each,

privet,lb.

green

ofPosidonius.

and

sage,
other

filtrated

its tender

to be

are

j;

day,

one

with

lb.

pounded

half.

But

if

give it colour after taking it from the fire,add of

mony
verdigris,lb. iss. Posidonius, wishing to avoid the acriof the verdigris,
directs,after the boiling,to leave the

wish

you
pure

to

in

oil for three

days

colour, with

its powers

vessel

the

bay -leaves, of iris, of

frankincense-tree, of
tree, of each,

vj ;

of nie,

it will

tinned, and

not

acquire the

unimpaired.

formula for

Another

oz.

seed

oil for six hours.

the

bruised, but

little water,

works

previouslymacerated

privetis added,

branches
with

flower

the

the

elecampane, of
the

been

boiled

of

hyssop, of

of

iij;

oz.

things haAdng
are

or

juice remain.
oil of privet,from

iv ;

oz.

ij;

of

of

sage,

elecampane,

of cypress,

oz.

ij;

citron-leaves,of
each,

of the

long birthwort,
of

Of

of jjfivet.

cyperus,

the

oz.

oil

of

seed

of chasteof

rosewood,

of

of

iij;

oz.

each,

oil,sext. j. Having

things in wine, boil with oil ; and having

of each, oz. iv ;
add again of xylobalsam, of xylocassia,
filtrated,
of sampsuch, of cumin, of myrtle, of storax, of mastich, of
oz.
each, oz. iij; of opoponax,
ij; of the flower of privet,oz. vj ;
first macerated

of

these

verdigris,oz. j.
T}ie amaracinum,

of

xylobalsam, lb.

of

rosewood,

amaracus,

of

of

lb.
the

All

wine,

to

receive

be

the

each,

V.

is to

xx

oil

of marjoram.

of

cyperus,

savin, of each,

oil, sext.
are

or

savin

ij;

the
;

and

of

other
first
the

lb.

lb.

elecampane, lb.

Of

of the

viij;

viij;

things,being
addition, but
former

Ixxx

of seed
; of

articles

second
are

to

of

fragrant

first macerated
the

schoenanth,

of opoponax,

primary oil^sext.

in

addition
be

boiled

OINTMENTS.

596

of

nard,

costus^ of

iij(in another

oz.

The

third

formula

addition.

also,of
Of

"

of storax, of

bdellium,

of

"wine,q.

of

wax,

make

it

s.

white

first macerated
the

oil

but

spatula of palm

in

vessel

lined

little remain

until
add

those

first

to
filtrated,

boiled

until

be

not

the

to

have

sucli
the
be

as

to

cool.

is

it

taken

sext.

stir
oflf,

oz.

lay

iv ;

of

of

ijJ

oz.

these

aromaticus,

myrrh,

of

the

of cloves, of

iv.
third

of

the

Macerate

After
of

addition.

"

vj ;

be

to

oil

in

allowed

carefully,and
and

wax,

it is

to

are

when

cooled

it

add

the

fii'staddition.
of

rose-wood,

oz.

of

of

iij;

oz.

of

vj ;

oz.

"

nard,

oz.

of

iv

oil,
;

of

melilots,

bay-leaves,

xylobalsam, oz.
iij;

Of

vj ;

iris,oz.

of

iij.

iv; of cassamum(or

cassia,of spikenard,of asarabacca,

Indian

of

iij; of calamus
mom,
each, oz. j ; of carda-

each,

leaf,of

oz.

fragrant wine.

Of

bdellium, of each,

they

glass.

mjTrh,

sampsuch,

in

again

addition,

fire and

the

scboenanth,

of

of cyperus,

And

ofi" the

vj ;

Of Celtic

"

add

mav

with

The

oz.

oil

storax, for it,if added

fire,add

of

when

wine

filtrated

sext.

j;

addition.

boil

with

taken

must.

the

mortar

be

must,

oz.

with

day

third

preparation appears

the

of

of costus, of

of amomum,

The

tbe

in

\] ; of long birthAvort,oz.
things in the must.

sow-bread),oz. ij;

oz.

triturated

frankincense-tree,

second

The

oil

vj ;

oz.

roses,

elecampane,
Macerate

that

and
filtrate,

articles of

in vessels

it up

or

Aminaean

oil; and

pure

left,in order

spatula.

of Aminsean

palm-branch,
oz.

is to

with

and

it is better,having

the

sufiiciently
upon

gleucinmn,

the

fire and

day, having

opobalsam, and
The

be

tbe

until

it

Next

warmed

wine

But

to

all except the

coals

olives

articles of the first addition

things,is straightway dissolved.

state, when

proper

things

preWously

upon

be

to

after which

of

(some

are

vessel,in

days

the ^dne.

succulent

mentioned,

other
boiled

for three

with

it off

been

vj

oz.

juice of unripe

first,the

these

oil the

pure

which

second

take

perfume,

first addition

in another

s.

q.

each, oz. iij;

opobalsam,

the

each,

unripe olive juice: then, immediately

little of the

burnt,

of

in the

times

tin

add

second

of the

of the

of

mastich,

vii.

wine,

fragrant wine, stirringevery

three

with

iij)
;

oz.

of

day

and

of

of ammoniac

oz.

of the

old

arnabo,

articles of

one

those

other

some

or

for

of

cassamum,

frankincense,

myrrh,

A-iij). The

oz.

cassia, of

of

cloves,

[book

oz.

mastich,

ij;

of

oz.

iv;

ladanum,

of

oz.

troglodytic
iij; of liquid

of

storax,
oz.

OINTMENTS.

XX.]

SECT.

additions

two

The

also of

add

the

Cyzicenum,or

nardinum

of

for

nard

oil

opobalsam,

like the

here

But

wax.

macerated

be

to

are

iv

oz.

ij). Prepare

saffron,oz.

unripe olives,except

from
of the

frankincense, of each,

male

YJ (some

597

ment
oint-

articles

the

days.

seven

The

of Cyzicus.

first

primary oil,sext. x; of rose-wood, of cyperus, of

elecampane, of iris,of xylobalsam, of birthwort, of cardamom,
iv ; of
of the
schoenanth, of each, oz. x] ; of sampsuch, oz.
also of calamus
add
aromaticus, oz. ij.
oz.
ij. Some
sa^^n,

addition.

These

thing

The
of
of

Of

"

addition.

second

each,

These

ij).

oz.

The

each,

of

amomum,

things

iv ; of

triturated
TJie

opobalsam,
in

vj (some

oz.

add

this also

as

ten

containing

nard,

in wine.

troglodytic myrrh,
ij; of storax, oz. iij;

oz.

oil

or

Celtic

of

also

of costus,

j;

cloves, oz.

add

arnabo,

of

Of

wine). Prepare

decamyron,

fragrant wine.

of

cassamum,

macerated

be

to

"

each,

frankincense, of
oz.

of

ij (some

oz.

are

addition.

third

cassia,of

Of

"

iv

in sext.

spikenard, oz. iij;

ij ; of

oz.

macerated

be

to

are

also
said

of

mastich,

of

oz.

aloes, of

of

saffron,

above.

ingredients.

Of

nard,
spike-

of costus, of
leaf, of euphorbium, of pepper,
adarce, of each, oz. j ; of mastich, oz. iss ; of opobalsam, oz. \j ;
of

Indian

nard, lb. j ; of

of oil of
The
white

pentamyron.

iij
foUatum, or

The

of

iij;

oz.

oz.

wax,

of white

-,

things being
render
in

oz.

the

and

add

iv ; of

Indian

nard,

oz.

Of

leaf.

darker, triturate the burnt

barks

of

pound

one

of

mix

then

of

v.

leaf,

cassia,oz.

oil of

ij;

oz.

Indian

of

nard.

oils

and

-,

To

of walnuts

opobalsam, cochl. iij,and

preparation of

The

Commentary.

of

addition

the medicine

mortar,

and

oz.

mastich,

of

vj ; of ladanum, oz. j
These
of troglodyticmyrrh, dr. j.
;
in a
sifted are
to be again triturated

j;

grains, xl

j;

oz.

of

ointment

bruised

mortar, with

storax,

of opoponax,

amomum,

pepper

\].

oz.

wax,

Of

use.

ointments

is

Com.m.
'

fullytreated
Medica

Haly
De

and

xiii,2.)

of

See

Abbas

by

Dioscorides

in

like

manner

also Avicenna

(Pract.

19)

x,

first book

in the

of his

INIateria

by Pliny (H. N. xv, 7, and

(v, 1, 10, 11) ; Serapiou (vii,25)
;

and

Mesne

(De Unguentis

et

blcis.)
Notwithstanding
and

the

importance

pharmaceutical

purposes,

of these
we

think

articles

for

cinal
medi-

it unnecessary

to

"

CENANTHARIA.

598

of

treat

CoMM.

them

large,as

at

more

[book
author's

our

vii.

is sufti-

account

'

'
'

and

ciently ample
of the

most

omitted

are

consequence

and

few

him.

It

accurate,

by

and

unguents

articles

ointments

will

be

of

that

described

here

great

any

remarked

of

are

fragrant nature.

SECT.

It is not

because

are

vine

at

they

have

all j but

b}^ some

obtained

this

solelyfor

their

them

of the

and

bath,

in them.
in

cataplasms,for
febrile

from

of such

For
vital

and

The

prejjarationof

frankincense,

of Indian

carpobalsam,
iv ; of

of

pieces,put

the

of

lilies,dried

nails,placing them
then
mixed
covered
davs.

put
and
up

Use

leaf,of

vessel

the

in

stirred
the

after

the

of the

bath,

our

own

still inhale.

can

the mental

atmosphere

cenantharium

iij;

oz.

Italian

broad

invention.

with

Of

in

ccc

which

with

to the

oz.

been

having
for

forty

disease,

from

dipping

costus,

number;

and

sun

the
theii*

have

addition,

it,or

small

stripped of

restorative

into

along

and

vessel,expose
as

Having

sext.

mouth

their

fatty storax,

the storax

opobalsam,

before

of

of

of costus,

mastich,

let the lilies be

the

sprinklingthe house and vessels

it and applying to the face.
Another, of

each,

preceding day

together

mouth

of

things,divide

with

and

bodies

cassia,of myrrh,

Of

amomum,

of

alternately;
wine

especially
the

the

following is the

wine,

the

tonic

preservatives

as

of

dies
reme-

the

strengthen

state

out

Mesopotameuum.

Aminsean

they

these

dipped

prove

more

if

noses

coming

with

upon

used

are

sponges

poured

cenantharium.

the

filtrated all the

into

be

their

The

calls

with

useful,likewise,

opobalsam,

fragrant
and

pounded
leaves

he

after

if mixed

deeply,and

are

be of this nature.

Posidonius, which

oz.

in

spirits. They

to

appears

of

are

applied to
drawn

are

bodies

properly,they

to

lilies that

alone

luxury

wild

no

of the

convalescents

to

pestilentialdiseases, when

from

of

they

They

and

persons,

for

syncope,
and

stomach;

have

oenantharia

wiped

them

use

them

The

and

tables

(oenanthe)that

flower

their

over

their

who

diseases.

and

fragrance,

vine

of

some

wine

paralysisand

the

wild

appellation.

having

of

cases

the

for

the

poured

to those

But

GENANTHARIA.

contain

it is from

having

persons

they

ON

oenantharia,

called

they

XXI.

sponges

iij;

of

in

spike-

PERFUMES.

XXII.]

SECT.

599

nard, of arnabo, of cloves,of each,

wild

cassia, of

Prepare after the

same

The

and

aromatics.

The

We

them.

this

bv

so

which
in

disorders
and

called
and

"

'
'

Aetius

need

we

Comm.

not

authors

they

have

not

and

liver

with
especially

sometimes

fragrance, and
in

so

order
and

to

to

preservativesfrom
by

the mouth

in the

the

epithemes

and

concoct

clear

the

purposes,

for cold

invented

also with

also the

pestilential

for these

chest, and

ancients

mixed

are

the trochisks

them

use

deobstruents,

as

lodged

hence

between

them,

to

as

also taken

CYPHI.

We

their

smell

we

cyphoid. They

more

of

account

are

AND

antidotes.

the

matters

concoct

to

x.

Myrepsus

Arabian

all events,

at

that

the

intermediate

brain, and

they

in the

of

and

the

of

PERFUMES

cyphi are

defluxions,

parts about

author's

our

aware

ON

sometimes

and

catarrhs

of

the

fumigations on

perfumes

and

(sii,116)

prescriptionsgiven by

anywhere

XXII.

drunk

are

sext.

name.

SECT.

In materials

wine,

fragrant preparations,made

to

not

are

of them

hax-ingtreated
done

similar

so

are

of storax, of

of Falernian

Aetius
were

Myrepsus

repeat

also

CEnantharia

and

wine

with

ccc
lilies,

ix

oz.

iij;of

oz.

manner.

See

Commentary.

(" 37.)

iv ;

oz.

of amomum,

calamus, of each,

vine, of

opobalsam, of each,

j;

oz.

the

compound

tions
affec-

antidotes

medicines,

antidotes.

Suffimentum rosatum, rose jici'fume. Of costus, of amomum,

myrrh, of cassia,of each, oz. j ; of Chian storax, of bdellium,
of ladanum, of each, dr. ij; of pure
of moss,
roses,
onyx,
xxix

oz.

of

opobalsam,

of

wine, q.

s.

Sujffimentum liliaceum, the perfume from lilies. Of lilies

lb. j;
deprived of their nails (i.e. the white parts of their flowers),
of primary storax, oz. ix ; of spikenard, oz.
iij; of costus, of
cloves, of
each,
form
The

oz.

of

amomum,

iss ; of

mastich, of burnt

opobalsam,

oz.

of

onyches,

wine, q.

s.

of

honey,

Triturate

of

and

trochisks.

cyphi tnay

num

called

Of storax, of
of

elecampane,

of

tlie solar, consistinyof

myrrh,
each,

of

oz.

bdellium, of

vj ;

of Celtic

ingredients.
thirty-six
ladanum, of rosewood,

nard, of Indian

PERFUMES.

600

leaf,of cypress-seedjof
of

moss

seseli,of

sphagnon

other

tree),

of

small

of amomum,

each,

of dried
j

Another

schoenanth,

cassia

of

root

seed,

of

viij; of
lb.

nuts,

"

j;

Myrepsus

of

of

order

in

lb.

each,

soporific:
of

juice

Of

j;

matics,

Haly

up

with

and

oz.

each,

without

fiftysmall

oz.

the

of

of

vij;

which

of

vij;

oz.

Med.

v,

used

were

of

the

root

antidotes

of

and

honey

as

See

by

figs,

of

fattypalm-

These

are

restoratives,
is

Oribasius

ammoniac

fume,
perof

mandrake,

Myrepsus

great

fragrant

described

antidotes.

of

ij;

pine-nuts,

6.)

of

of

dried

of

(Synopsis,iii);

following suffitusof
of costus,

of

s.

q.

Oribasius

v;

oz.

dried

fatty

of

cypress-

leaves,

saflron, of each,

of

vij;

oz.

iv;

oz.

of

vij;

oz.

of cyperus,

each,

(Meth.

cyphoid

are

fifty

Posidonius

v.

each,

fragrant wine,

amomum,

preparations

confections

Abbas.

of

compositions, consisting of

mixed

Similar
the

The

lb.

or

schoe-

of

grapes

rose-wood,

ij;

oz.

37) ;
(xiii,

The
of

of

with

oz.

of

Scythian bdellium,

multifarious

trees,

of storax,

Actuarius

storax,

of poppy.

of

stones, of each, lb. ij; of

Aetius

sooth.

to

oz.

costus,

their

See
;

of

savin,

sweet-smelling compositions
or

pine

flower

of

elecampane,

moss

of

of

honey,

(i,299)

of

iij.

sext.

spikenard,

turpentine, lb.
of

the

use

palm-nuts,

pure

honey,

of malabathrum

myrrh,

Commentary.
'

"

the

of

iij;

oz.

deprived

grapes

of

cardamom,

nard,

each,

ladanum,

of

kingspear,

of Celtic
of

roses,

"

of
v

saffron, of

lunar, consisting of twenty-eight

the

bdellium,

fistula,oz.

the

mom,
carda-

some

bark

the

stones, of dried

their

called

ij ;

oz.

juniper-berries;

'

of

turpentine,

fragrant wine,

Of

(but

kingspear

iris,of

of

of

roses,

costus, of

of

cassia,of

cyperus,

the

large

two

ij; forty large juniper-berries and

of

cyphi,

ingredients.

CoMM.

ix ;

oz.

oz.

of

of

of dried

of

root

figswithout

adds, likewise,

oz.

stones, of each, lb. ij; of scummed

their

the

oz.

it, of

of

iij;

oz

vii.

pine-nuts, of

of

lacaphthus (itis

iv ; of

oz.

nanth,
;

instead

arboreus?),

each,

of the

savin,

juice),of each,

lb.

of

of

perfume,

each,

(muscus

cane,

of

spikenard,

some

of

carpobalsam,

of sweet-

of

ammoniac

(splanclinon),or,

trees

onyclies,of

[book

are

the
very

variety of

aro-

wines.

the

Arabians

Avicenna,

among

Serapion,

and

PESSARIES.

XXIV.]

SECT.

SECT.

XXIII.

THE

PREPARATION

OF

of

melilots,oz.
of

savin,

of

myrrh,

leaves, of the

of

fat of

the

j;

of dried

of

each,

Commentary.
Actuarius

of

for the

of

balsamura^

of

the

oz.

j;

\] ;

of

Med.

v.

of

nard,
oz.

of
of
;

ss

SECT.

wine,

XXIV.

ON

kinds

of them

some

and
inflation
of

i.

The

it is shut

those

or

wish

we

or

to

to

honey, mugwort, dittany, the juice

juice of horehound, rue, scammouy,
in

used

are

anastomative

are

contract

the

cases

the

applied;
the

womb

they

when

of

womb,

vessels.
in ulceration

eversion

and

of

fowls, un-

the

and

are

the

mouths

of

tion
purga-

of the

state

the

wax,

menstrual

the

and

womb

prepared

from

of

cabbage, liquorice,the

or

the
of

reverse

for

different

Tuscan

the

These

Celtic

ANTYLLUS.

mouths

open

correct

iris,of

galbanum,

fenugreek,

recall

like.

those

restrain
it

is

'

astringent,and

geese

which

contracted.

of

upwards,

of

of

three

some

of

Comm.

cassia,of

olive,of

are

the

open

fat

of

OF

prepai'cd from

stopped,or
up

of gum,

s.

q.

rosin, stag's marrow,

been

aroma-

yellow aloes,

iij;

There

ascension

the
lilies,

when

used

of

WORKS

emoUient,

are

anastomative,
has

THE

they

e.

it,in

They
of

ss

myrrh,

leaves

in inflammations
of

like.

when

FROM

some

of

saffron,oz.

are

butter, burnt

that

of

for

salted

vessels,are

of the

the womb.

privet and

oz.

bay-

of Indian

cardamom,

lb. iss ;

applied to

thereof.

Of

fragrant wine,

pessaries,

coldness

of

s.

Masucha

each,

iij;

oz.

emollient

the

use

ss

anastomative,

are

We

oil

are

iris,oz.

q.

of

roses,

lb. iss ; of

gum,

Pessaries

of

leaf,of
lb.

each,

rose-wood^

schoenanth,

opobalsam,

called

ladanum,

of Indian

mehlot,

of

(xiii,
118) ; Myrepsus (^ xxi, 14) ;
The
8.)
following is Myrepsus's

suffimentum

of

of

ij;

oz.

bay-leaves,of costus, of amomum,

carpobalsam,

SOME

Aetius

See

(Meth.

formula

oz.

roses,

WHICH

of storax, of calamus
[stacte),

leaf,of saffron,of each,

lb.

^yood

amomum,

myrrh

ticus,of sampsiichum,

MASUCHA,

MASUAPHIUM.

CALL

Of

601

open,

The

for
the

gent
astrin-

which
female

and

tlie
charge,
dis-

impel

it

PESSARIES.

602

wlien

upwards

The

Trochisks.

and

little thicker

like

and

applied to

narrow

draw

it to

to

thought

proper.

of the

mouth

the

attached

Saffron

The

"

calf's

of the
of

emollient

excellent

of

(oesypum), dr. j ;
the

of

"wax,

sixteen

roasted

eggs

of Tuscan

hog's lard,

oz.

wax,

of

of bull's

ij;

oz.

womb

the

of

of

dr.

iij;

nard

of the

wool

tui-pentine,of
the

roses,

and

of

grease

the

unwashed

each,

of

of

Pessary, an

of

Of

xj ;
viij;
honey,

Triturate

s.

ij;

dr.

iij;

Golden
;

wax,

fowls, dr.

dr.

ointment

and

fowls, of stages marrow,

each,

dr.

emmenagogue,

of the

iij;

oz.

The

white

marrow,

dr.

oil, of iris, of

of

of the

affections

with

stag's

oil,q.
"

Of

grease

rose

of

geese,

Pessary, being

Libanian

of

stag's marrow,
of

grease

womb

oesypum,

saffron,

Of

thread

long

it is
readily when
Pessary, for inflammations,

woman.

medicine,

pessary

medicine

of

milk

the

dipped
womb, having

of

wool,

some

in the

of the

of

and

thickness

then

and

vii.

astringent

CoUma

the

and

xvj ;

Aiij;

saffron, dr. ^iij;

with

saffron

dr.

dr. iv ; of the

of

ij;

dr.

of

of the

inflation

each,

of geese,

grease

mastich,

dr.

of

marrow,

the

down

eversions, hardness, and

of

doubled

be

tent, is to

the

chapter on

made

be

is to

pessary

sordes,

bath

of

in the

out

of

materials

The

prolapsed.

akeady pointed

been

have

[book

s.

q.

ointment,

geese

and

ointment

of

tallow, of turpentine,of

The

"

lently
excel-

agreeing
iv

lilies,
oz,

of

yelks

vj ;

oz.

of fresh

domestic

of

amaracus,

of

of

each,

oesypum,

in a double
vessel,as are all the other
j. It is dissolved
of
pessai'ies.The Pessary Enneapharmacus : Of the ointment
of honey, of the
of that of ricinus,of turpentine,of wax,
roses,
oz.

"

of

grease

and

geese

of

"

Egyptian Pessary

-The

of oil of
is

there
p.
oz.

ss.

"

grease
of

Pessary

of
of

each,

of

the
geese

oz.

iij;

Of

and

called

medicine
and

bull's
the

honey,

tallow,

ammoniac

of

of

the

oz.

with

butter,
oz.

xj ;

iv ;

of

water.

turpentine,of butter,

parts

are

p.

j;

and

when

foul, of verdigris,

for

conception:

oesypum,

of

stag's

Of

butter,
of

marrow,

the

fowls, of turpentine,of aloes,

domestic

of Tuscan

wax,

Genitura,

wax,

myrrh, of cassia,of each,

honey, q. s.

of

of

Triturate
:

Of

Pessary :

of saffron,of each,
lilies,

inflammation

no

The

vj j

or

roses

ivss ;

of

and

stag's marrow,

emollient

equal parts. The Titian

of Colophonian rosin, oz.
ammoniac
perfume, oz. iv.
"

of

oxen,

oz.

oz.

ij;

vj ;
of

of oil of roses,

spikenard,

oz.

lb.

ij;

j;

of

SUCCEDANEA.

604

SECT.

XXV,
ONE

In

(lychnis)for

been

he

the

which

beginning

with

southern

substituted
article

of

acanthium,

-wood

in
used

FOR

the

campion
and

danger,
the

lost.

soon

vii.

GALEN.

obtain

to

and

companions,

same

OF

was

been

have

be

this

found

not

my

may

seed

the

who

would

woman

medicines

of

woman

I had

requested by

Instead

wishing

SUBSTITUTED

BE

WORKS

THE

says,

certain

having got it,if

thium,

FROM

ANOTHER,

Alexandria,

MAY

WHICH

MEDICINES

ON

[book

of

seed

list of

I made

out

for

another,

one

acan-

having

Hence,
a

not

in

the

order,

(lychnis),

campion

(abrotonum), origany.
(calamus aromaticus).

agallochus,sweet-cane
agaric,euphorbium.

aloes,glaucium, lycium,

Indian

winter-cherry (halicacabus),the
asphaltum,
aconite

or

Bruttian

the

centaurium.

or

seed

of

strychnos.

liquidpitch,

wolfsbane, the

of the

root

wild

iris,

southernwood,

wormwood,

opobalsam, myrtle-juice,
adarce.
quicklime (calx-viva),

alkanet, hyacinth,
sal

Cappadocian

ammoniac,

salts,

arsenic, sandarach.
starch, dried

flour,

ammoniac

perfume, bee-glue.

rose-wood

the
(aspalathus),

fruit of heath,

or

the

tree,

(a speciesof pulse),Indian

aracus

bitter

almonds,

Armenian
the

corn,

wormwood.

sfone, Indian

ink.

elder, thorn.

prickly-poppy (argemone),seriphium.
kingspear, the juice of

beet,

wall-pepper,the juice or

leaves

of lettuce,

maiden-hair, aphroselinum.
parts of the tears of acacia.

Ethiopian olive, two

Asian

stone, gagate stone,

fox's grease,
shoots

of the

that

of

black

or

sal ammoniac

bear,

poplar,sampsuchum.

buprestis,bugs (blatta;).
butter, cow's
the

milk

coagulated,

juice of balsam,

the

juice of myrrh.

burnt,

seed

of

the

chaste-

SECT.

XXV.]
Instead

SUCCEDANEA.
of

bdellium, the

aromatic

gentian

root, aromatic

Samian

earth, the

Eretrian

of trees

moss

(sphagnus).

parsley.

Egyptian leucographis.

earth. Thebaic

turnip, the

605

lime,

sun-tlower.

liquoricejuice,the juice of mulberry,

vulture's
soft

dung, pigeon's dung,

earth, plumbago,

doryciiium, the

of henbane,

seed

dittany,sage.
bay-berries,dried
carrot, the

seed

wild

of

thyme,

water-parsnip,

diphryges, Phrygian

stone,

dracunculus, wake-robin,
calamint.

sage,
the

of

tear

wild

olive, the juice of hypocistis.

thyme, potamogeton.

the

seed

the

juice of

the

seed

the

fruit of

of

the

leaves

the

root

hedge-mustard,

hedge-mustai-d, soapwort.
heath, the gallomphacitis.
wood

of the

of wild

hellebore,

oil,boil

the

the

of ibis

the

broom,

(?).

leaves

of papyrus

root

of the

mulberry (?).

(?).

potamogeton.

double

lotus,

fig,the dung

of butcher's

enneaphyllon,
old

of

elaterium, the juice of the leek,

of

the

ebeny,

black

rocket, the seed

quantity of

oil with

old

hog's

lard.

ginger, pellitory.
deadly

(thapsia),the juice of

carrot

seed

thapsia,the

sulphur vivum,

of
red

of iron

the

rust

the

mistletoe

the

cyperus,

cardamom,
costus,

the

chamseleon.

(sandaracb).

oak, that

aromatic

black

rocket,

(rubigo ferri),the

double

cinnamon,

or

arsenic

of the

Illyrianiris,the

cresses

the

squama

of black

ferri.

chamaeleon.

elecampane,

quantity of

cassia,

largejuniper,
cyperus.

juniper-berries,

ladanum.
juniper-berries,
calamus

aromaticus,

the

moss

of trees,

saffron, crocomagma.
crocomagma,

Indian

castor, laserwort

aloes,

(assafoetida).

calamine, the Egyptian leucographis.

the

tallow

hemlock

of the

crocodile, that of the sea-dog.

(conium),

the

cautharides, phalangia.

seed

of coriander,

[book

SUCCEDANEA.

G06

Instead

of the

of

the

juice of ivy, that

the

palma Christi, the

the

root

the

of capers,

dung

of the

peach,
the

from

sordes

the

of chaste-tree,

seed

safiron, the

of bastard

seed

vii.

of heath

root

palestra,

or

tamarisk,

turtle, pigeon's dung,

leucographis.

ceraunium,

coral, moly.
cat's

dragon's

field basil

calamint,

seed

of

wild

the

sun-flower,

mint.
of the

seed

colocynth, the

"

cabbage,

(clinopodium),the

the

Colophonian rosin,
cynosbatos,

called

croton.

onocardium.
of

pitch

of the

seed

the

Christi

palma

the
(cotyledon),

navelwort

rhodoides.

(cinnabaris),the

blood

cumin, the

ichneumon,

of the

that

dung,

ships,

winter

cherry,

hnseed, the juice of beans,

pumice

earth.

Cretan

stone,

dried

cyphi, burnt

f.;

fig.

buccina, oysters,
cardamom,

xylocarpasum.

bruised

wax,

and

boiled

beans

frankincense, the

pounded

lathyrides(a species of spurge), the

magnet,

the

Phrygian

the

seed

the

stone

the

flower

the

seed

of the

the

root

of

the

sea-hare, the

the

root

the

of

Phrygian

stone,

the

granum

Cnidium.

pyrites, the
of the

agerat.

stock

gilly-flower,
soapwort.

lotus, the

sea-shell

dock, the

of carrot.

pyrobolus.

stone

dittander, the

of

stone,

seed

lovage, the

leaf

mandrake

bee-glue,

(lepidium),madder,

dittander
the

Indian

with

ampelitis.

terra

seed

of beet,

leaves

of capers,

(?).

root

of

(malabathrum),

pellitory.

cassia

Indian

or

nard.

(mandragora), dorycnium.

myrtle oil,the juice of mulberry.

mastich,

the

myrobalan,
mallows,

juice of

lentisk

(?)

rue.

fenugreek.

honey, rob.
manna

mice

(of frankincense
dung,

stag'smarrow,

an

?),the

bark

equal quantity of
stag'sgrease

quinces, melilots.
Cyprian misy, Cyprian
spignel,myrobalan.

ochre.

or

of frankincense.

flies.

the

marrow

of

calf.

sKCT.

SUCCEDANEA.

XXV.]
Instead

of tho

the

juice of mulberries,

roasted

(507

of brambles,

leaves

misy, diiihryges.
aromatic

the

Syriac nard,

rush,

tiirnip-seed(?).

navew,

the

xylobalsam,

of stock

root

gilly-flower.

poppy-juice, the juice of mandragora.

the

opopouax,

of

milk

midberry.

Cyrenaic juice,Syriac juice,

juice of

carpasum,

juice of

the

the

juice of myrtle,

fig,the juice of mulberry,

ivy.

juice of the willow, the juice of the black

the

bay,

juice of the

rose

juice of

cenauthe, that

the

of

mistletoe

the

oak.

cultivated

of the

vine-tree,

linseed.

all-good (hormiuum),
rice, barley-flour.
Italian
Rhodian
the
the

Mendesian

wine,
wine,

wine.
wine,

austere

(ornithogallum), anthyllis.

of Bethlehem

star

olive, the

unripe

onocardium,

gallomphacitis.

herb

the

psyche,

juice of hog's fennel, liquorice-juice,

bee-glue, ladanum.
of the

canker-worm

pine, the

the

on

wasps

unripe

ginger.

pepper,

seed

fern, the

of

the

polypody,

cneoros.

of

root

or

mezereqp,

of the

chamasleon.

ground poplar,

vervain,

polytrichon, wormwood,
rosin

of the

fir-tree,turpentine rosin,

dried

roses,

the

oil of

radishes, the

dried

of the

leaves

(castoroil),

oil of ricinus

rhodoides, Sinopic

peach-tree,

ochre.

Colophonian rosin, the pitch of ships,

aromatic

rush, cardamom.

spodium,

Cyprian

troglodyticmyrrh,
stag'sgrease,
grease

of the

grease

of the

root

of

the

fox,

the

salamander,
aromatic

seed
the

moss

aromaticus.

of geese,

grease

soapwort, the

satyrium, the

calamus

the

hyena,

of olive-leaves,

ashes

the

the

of foxes,

grease

of the

grease

of the

root

bear,

black

hellebore,

of rocket,

green

lizard,

of trees, the

sweet-rush,

litharge,
syricum (psoricum .'),
dross

of

marjoram
mustard,

lead, the scoria

(sampsuchum),
cresses.

argenti.
the

dried

culinary sumach,

rosin,

SUCCEDANEA.

608

Instead

of

dried

sagapen,
scammony,

seed

fossile

alum,

seed

parts of the

internal

the

pine-nuts,

vii.

rosin.

pine

the

[book

of

Christi.

palma

cucumber.

of

salt.

skink, satyrium.

the

the

antimony,

squama

rush, the

sweet

root

of copper,

dross

water-cress,

the

grape,

Saunder's

melanteria.

of

flesh

Syrian palm.

the

southernwood.

herb,

cuttle-fish,

of the

shell

(serapias), the

orchis

knot-grass.

Egyptian

the

basil.

cultivated

the

sens.

of

pumice-stone.
of

root

poeony.

squill,bolbus.
sesamoides,
Indian

of henbane,

juice

liquid pitch,
unscoured

the

John's

burnt

gall

of the

gall

of the

shrew-mouse,

gall

of the

camel,

'

"

the
has

viper,

of

marrow

calf.

dill.

root

marsh

the

(ocimum),
the

This

many

compelled

of

gall
of the

of

that
of the

of the

of lead

dross

the

of

the

partridge.
ichneumon.
camel,

the

swift.

sagapen.

chamomile,

attempted

of

that

that

anthemis.

authenticity

ourselves

hyaena,

the

ocimoides,

"

the

germander,

Commentary.

the

of trees.

moss

of

fleawort,

'

seed

gall

basil

juice

briar.

sweet

of acacia.

sandarach.

the

galbanum,

'

the

wine,

the

ceruse,

of

seed

alkanet.

valerian,
the

amaranth.

of woad.

flower

of

sea-weed,

CoMM.

the

(oesypum),

wort,

lees

of

opoponax.

wool

hyacinth,
St.

the

hypocistis,

of

filtration

the

after

Unseed.

grain.

seed

the

remains

what

lentil

wild

which,

(lens palustris).
(sisymbrium).

mint.

from

however,

corrections
make

dock.

(scoria plurabi).

water-cress

is taken

to

wild

of

other

work

is very
the

ascribed
doubtful.

text, and

alterations.

we

to

Galen,

Cornarius
have

found

WEIGHTS

XXVI.]

SECT.

SECT.

measure
measure

there

There

being

be

can

as

and

many

according

measures

who

them,

use

the

treat

the

is the

liquid quantity. So then

that
measured
quantity: first,
a

liquid.
weights and

of

of

infinite varieties

of

it were,

as

the

to

vessel

the

but

heaviness

of

degree

vessel

almost

shall

we

MEASURES.

dry substance, and,

heaped ; and third, that
of

that

weight ; second,
things

of

009

AND

WEIGHTS

ON

differences

three

are

such

to

XXVI.

by
weight is determined
by the capacity of the
either of a
dry or of

The

of

MEASURES.

AND

practice of places, and

only of those which are

those

of

familiar

all.
On

and

the characters

used

by

But

since

some

measures.

for indicatingweights
indicate
these by whole

Greeks

the

do

not

by characters,it will be better for us, in imitation

in the first place.
of the ancients, to explain these characters
First,then, the letter ^ having alpha placed above it,signifies
chalcus
(i.e. oereus),thus ^ ; but if the -^ has o, chus (i.e.

letters,but

but
-^^
;

congius),thus
thus

if it has

y^^ ;

if

oi,
e

placed

obliquely intersecting the

IjL^ and

thus

line

if

surrounded

not

obolus, thus

lines not
a

c^

scrupulum),

(i.e.

cheme,

indicates

cijathus,

v,

flex
circum-

The

\i".

placed altogether

but

if there

by

is indicated

which

two

are

which
^IZI^,

oboli,thus

surrounded, they signifytwo

gramma

has

and

by anything,

it

of

if the

li" ; but

t?,

straightline

curvature

cotyle (i.e. hemina), thus

obliquely,indicates
make

lower

(i.e. siliqua),thus

aeration

it, and

above

if

^""j but

chcenix, thus

by a straightline,thus y^. Two

having p
at one
an
lines united
angle, like the
extremity so as to make
two
wings which join the straightline of the letter K, indicate
it,intersected

near

drachma

[ordrachm)
is

properly indicated

But

the

holca

thus

X.

But

X.

Some, however,
the

letter
The

within

Ji;

III.

but

its

A with

it indicates
a

libra

pound, by

in its

middle,

(a pound),

another

".

line

thus

secting
inter-

But
T having the
thus X.
obliquely,
uncia
(an ounce), thus Yc
angle, signifies

having
if the

t,

indicate

line of the

letter ^t

thus

if tlie X has

by

holca, thus

with

vi'hxch.is synonymous

jx

in

has

its
v,

middle,

it indicates

indicates

mystrum,

mna,

thus
39

or

mina,

/i;

but

if

WEIGHTS

610

",

thus

medimnus,

followed
The

by

|0

if

and

ju ;

with

MEASURES.

The

jx.

it,indicates

placed

"

[book

thus

modius,

o,

about

if it has

^,

letter

AND

having

letter

fi

placed

prefixedto

ceramium,

it, indicated

above
and

p,

having

Attic

The

it

sextarius

The

letter

^.

thus

placed above

fx

Tpv

(i.e.
signifies

The

indicates

it,

k^^.

thus

On
The

hemina,

xestes

thus
But
if it has o written
^.
above,
sextarius),
oxybaphum (i.e. acetabulum), thus ^". Some indicate
by a ^, with a straightline intersectingit,thus ^.
T),

letter

tryhlium,thus

it,indicates

above

vii.

and

Egyptian

Weights.
(i.e. mina)

mna

contains

mina

Roman

xvj.

oz.
oz.

xx.

oz,

xij.

"

The

libra

(i.e. pound)
(i.e. ounce)

"

The

uncia

The

drachma

The

scrupulus (i.e. scruple)

The

obolus

The

siliqua

(i.e. drachm)
ceratia

contains
contains

So

that

chalci

(i.e.arei or (ereoli)ij.and|.
contains
viijsereoli.

obolus

an

of Liquids.

the Measures

On
The

Italic ceramium

contains

choes

The

chus

contains

sextarii

The

sextarius

The

or

cotyla,
tabula

congius
contains

gt'eatmystrum

The

acetabulum

The

cyathus

of

also called

are

tryblia.

iij,but

great mystra

contains

small
wdsh

would

and

are

fourth

part, and

almost

third

contains

ace-

whole

weight

of the

Wine

exceeds

oil

part
of

the

oil

by

ninth

wine

part

part,

for

of

the

by

the
than

makes
of
a

weights

liquid substances

is heavier

half;

one

half

of

this

and

ij.

of

measure

measure

same

third.

mystra

which

more,

the

oil,and

by

the

half.

small

shall illustrate

tenth

than

diff'erences

many

part. For
the weight

is heavier

know

Honey, then,

honey.

j, and

chemce, or
to

according to weight), we
oil,wine,

acetabulum

cyathus j, and

contains

if you

Honey

contains

contains

liquids(forthere

wine

vj.

iv.

The

But

(or congii)viij.

cotylseij,which

tryblium,

or

siliquseiij.

or

example of
wine
by a
altogether

honey

third

part

more.

for

it contains

the

weight

it contains

of

as

the

besides.

the

whole

612

CoMM.

WEIGHTS

Arbuthnot

AND

Ancient

(On

Coins^

Milligan (Prsefatio et Notse

Eaper
Wurm

(De

the

Greeks

and

Since

in

ancient

of

order

the

to
we

attain

shall

not

information

in

following sketch,

referred

this,

the

with

in

have

we

labours

of

followed

Wurm

only

of

one

and

First

with

of

decimal
of

decimal
method

the

solid

of

inch

the

or

of the

the

solid

this number

by
and

in

pint, gives

between

By
1

the

tabular

pint,

values

Arbuthnot's

10"66

pint, and

the

table
solid
decimal

the

by

'64

of

gal.
Arbuthnot's

Conger's

amphora

Conger

Arbuthnot
the

to

the

=70

'62

pint,
a

former

difference

the

'117^

part of

the

the

number

of

of

the

pint.

For

qts. pts.

as

pint
mals
deci-

between

12

solid

the

of

the

amphora
it is 5

inches

difference

amphora.
is 7

gal.

gal. 2 qts.
example,

sol. inch.

10-66

10-66

"=521
Difference

estimates

decimals

48th

any

the

uses

states

decimals

by Conger's,

the

being multiplied successively

ligula,cyathus, acetabulum,

contents

inches

from

fractional

pints, or 1 gal. 2 qts.

and
Conger's contents

12

of

which

of the

divided

product

Arbuthnot's

-027,

those

mixes

added
:

points,as

with

is of

the

"717

to

Arbuthnot

observed,

the

Now

when

amounts

is

it at

rates

'6, which,

-69

"c.,

inch.

solid

inch,

and
the

Conger

'69

decimal

"117

be

now

find, arises

we

whilst

example,
pint, and

not

We

They give different

For

ligiilato

decimals

equals the

Pes.

whereas

them,

nally
origi-

were

few

his tables

computation,

Second

alone.

length

contents

mode

on

Arbuthnot

with

very

we

we

the
that

seen,

when

agree

him

with

of

Conger.

it Avill be

which,

practicalimportance.
the

that

later authorities

discrepance between

The

causes,

of

Arbuthnot

Commentarj',

they differ from

general principles,
will be perceived upon
a
comparison of
two

"c.

ourselves

works

It will be

mention,

to

avail

to

the

above.

on

Conger.

F.

subject is indispensably

scruple

concluding

our

that,although the

remark

J.

practicalacquaintance

to

it is proper

closely; indeed,
acquainted

(Metrologie)
;

1770,

contained

authorities

wrote

Measures)

1771) ;
(Weights, Measures,

of this

knowledge

modern
the

vii.

Romans.)

pharmacy,

freely

and

Poucton

London,

"c.) ; Conger

proper

necessary,

[book

Weights,

Celsum);

in

(Philosopli.Transact.
Pond.

MEASURES.

The

amphora,

and

the

are

table

different
in the

table

ft.

other

of

solid

the

thus

Having
shall

pointed

out

Now

pes

be

to

in

fortunate

exposition of

lucid

from

Extracts

the

P.

Dr.

significant.
X
.

Pari

8, denarii

partem
Notse

tabulam

secundum

omnino

have

can

the

phora
am-

discrepance

later

authorities,

from

subject,has

the

and

Targa

with

pretensions

no

Dr.
be

to

been

Arbuthnot,

and

ticularly
para

very

characters, which

of Celsus.

edition
ISIilligan's

P"^, PZ,

=,

the

weights, measures,

Characterum

Porro

1562-5112

of Celsus.

in the works

occur

giving

the

the

extracts, beginning

original authority on

an

of

source

and

our

he

although

it to

inches.
the

with

11-604

amphora, being

the

Arbuthnot

of

proceed

now

Milligan, who,
reckoned

solid

tables

the

between

1580-75

in the

difference

pes,

contain

to

measures

authorities, makes

later

Celso

P8,

ratione,

sextantem,

compositi sunt, qui

characteres

superiorem,

quoque

Tabula.

obvenientium

P.

vel uncise

librie sextantem
X.

=,

P.

singuli
P.

X.~,

quadrigesimam

X.

Z,

secundam

designat.
Celsi

Comm.

in

measures

equals, according to Arbuthnot,

of Conger's pes makes
the cube
inches, whereas

cube

P.

the

inches.

11-649

or

the

assumes

with

Conger,

this

by

the

assign slightly-

the

pes,

affected

Arbuthnot

and

weights

of the

of

contents

authorities

our

length

consequently

are

whereas

-97075

we

to the

of

as

the

which

names

and,

standard.

inches,

other

deduced

estimates

assumed

be

the

of

from

standard

tlie

is

Pes

613

MEASURES.

AND

WEIGHTS

XXVI.]

SECT.

lectoribus

negotiinonnihil

ipso igitur, id anticipandum

nobis

facessere

erit ; ut

solent.

ponderum

Cum
divisio

614

CoMM.
'

WEIGHTS

decimo

quam

MEASURES.

AND

vii.

quiuti capite descripsit,hie quasi

libri

septimo

[book

'
'

prserogetur.
^Uncias duodecim.

Libra
Uncia

Denarios

Denarius

Denarius

sextanti

septeru.

Sextautes

sex.

I Obolum

Obolus

I Scrupulum
Diss,

(Greaves,

hahebat

iveight)

lOi

ejus

valet

Sextans

autem

{English Troy

fere

grana;

unum.

dimidium.

the

on

Denarius)

unde

imcise

scrupuhim

434,

essent

dimidium,

62

grana

Celsus,

ut

citato, docet.

loco

prsepositesscire licet,

His

Notam

a.

^'.

P.,

Notam

libram

se

per

significare.
indifFerenter

sextatem

drachmae

magis

librae,

quam

y.

Notam

^'.

Notam

duos

==,

X, Denarium

propter similitudinem,

dicante

confundunt.

Nam

aequare.

representare.

indicare

notam,

duas

indicare.

sextantes

Notam

uncias

P.=,

non

denominationis

cujuslibet

tis dimidium

sextan

"

vel

Sic Notam

praecedentis,sextantem.

f.

significare,sed

librarii

ac

X,

cum

saepe

K, perinde

Quam

unciae.

vero

decern

olim

decem

in-

signi-

ficabat.
Videmus
'pondo

ergo

Notam

P.

dicet.

Pari

ratione

denarius, qui
Porro

Denarii

=,

P.

grana

P.

K=,

unciae

Z,

Z,

P.

quadragesimam

Constat
uica

62,

P
,

1.

pondere,

sextantem

P.

denarius

K,

aliis autem

cum

esse;

(Anglice by iveight) adeo

significat,quasi pondere

textus

P.

libram

P,

vel grana

pondere,

vel

notis
ut

ista

10^

in-

absolute

est.

P
K

librae

8, P~,
8, P.

sextantem,

vel

partem, designant.

secundam

Denarium

denarii

X-^

pondere:

sextantem

K-omanum

grana

Trojana

Britan-

62| pependisse.

2.

Pedem

Romanum

pollicum

11"604

Britannicorum

valuisse.
Ab
Londinii

his

sequitur,pedem
per

congium
Imperialem, ut

ad

spatium inane,

calefactum, oscillans,rationem
Porro

Romanum
189-64

habere
ad

ad

ad

Romanum,

274,

62

Farenheiti
quam

congium
esse.

pendulum
11'604

latitudinis
thermometri
ad

39*1393.

[gallon)Britannicum

WEIGHTS

XXVI.]

SKCT.

Tabula

1 denarius
1

argenteus

cyathus

1 acetabulum
.

1 hemina
.

1 mna

Ponderum

10

Attica

15

drachmae

60

drachmae
drachma;
.

C oboli

60

90

oboli

Ponderum

1 uucia
Sed

1 denarius

7 denarii

ostendemus,

ut

denarius

6 sextantes

Tabida, jwndera

scrupulus

scrupuli
scrupuli

=:

62

Romanorum

infra

banc

grana

mensurarum

lineam

02

chalci.

chalci.

900

chalci.

3600

chalci.

6000

chalci.

=
.

360

oboli

600

oboli

24-

=
.

42

(Troy weight),

-(-oboli.

6 oboli.

sextantes

1 obolus.

^
.

sextantes

6 sextantes

oboli; dividendo, 10^ grana

Trojana, tam

60
600

Celsiana.

21

denarius

chalci.

=:

oboU

1 sextans
1

10

drachma;

Tabula

Comm.

=100

1 obolus

Pliniana.

Mensurarum

et

1 drachma

615

MEASURES.

AND

hinc

1 sextans

tam
caj)acitatis,

42
62
=

oboli.
=
grana
1 obolus.

gravitatis,

sistens.

numerique rotundandi
grana, compendii
gratia
colum^ illud Grajvii in valorem
per denariorum
ducant, et nostris superaddant.
nam
Sed post tot annorum
lapsum, quomodo ista ponderaad nostra Trojana referamus?
Diligentiaantiquariorum illud perfacileeffecit. Inclytus enim /. Greevesius Anglia;
decus, pondus Denarii, per plurima exemplarium centena, in Italicis aliisquccimeliis
trutinavit : et pondus omnium
nieliorum
denariorum
conservata,
ad
ipsa statera
Trojana 62| librare repcrit. Sed cognito denarii, qui vetcribus
tantum
non
grana
arl)iter,pondcrc, ccterarum
nummus
fuit, sed pondcris rerum
denominationum
in granis Trojauis habcbis.
valorem
calculo simplicissimo,
Denario

tribuimus.

Qui accuratiora

volunt

616

Tabula

CoMM.
'

AND

WEIGHTS
Pondenim

MEASURES.

Mensvrarv.m

ac

'

[book

relationis

Celsus

passim

quas

VII.

v.surj)avit

as

Characteres-

TO

TT

"

=,z,

TT
3

T3
_4__1

J__4__2"
"1

'"

"

-_.

2
=

"

TT

4
^

TT

TT

6
TT

=
5

Septunx

T2

"

7
T2

TT

8 Octunx

S. S."

8 Bes

V.
-S."
s

"

S=

9 Dodrans
10

"

"

....

Dextans
....

11

Deunx
His

cujusvis unitatis, librae,unciae, denarii, congii, partes

unciae, distributae

Extracts

duodecimae,

Dr.

Roman

Tables

Arbuthnot's

Weights,

and

of Ancient

Coins,

of Capacity for things Liquid.

Measures

Wine

English

Ligula

9'

Attic

10

Kva^oQ

4|

15

60
120

r20
8640

30

24

12

60

48

24

360
4320

288

I3456

144

11728

12

72

I864

Pints.

Ot's

of Capacityfor things Liquid.

Measures

MvffTpOV
2 IKoyxv

21

est

Measures.

Gall.

2.

hoc

erant.

from

1.

1^

IKoTvXri

48

|576

2\S"(rri]S
12

|Xoug

1144 |72| 12| Mtrp"?ri7C

10

Measure.
Sol.

Inc.

0-1

Dec.

17t?,

WEIGHTS

XXVI.]

SECT.

Attic

3.

MEASURES.

AND

617

for things Dry.

of Capacittj

Measures

COMM.

Kox^iapiov
10

IKua^oQ

15

m'OK(""a"pov
1

4|Kori'\;j

1201

12

1801

18

12

3 1

601

8640

I576

I864

I 144

Besides

N.B.

Less

HlXolvtK

|48 |Mt^t/ti^oc

|72

this

-which

Medimnus,

and

Grecian

ancient

is the

there

Medicus,

was

Modii.

6 Roman

Georgim, equal to

4.

IZiffTiig

Weights

Roman

reduced

English

to

Troy Weight.
Lentes

Siliquae
12

Obolus

24

IScrupuUim

6|

3 I Drachma

72

18

96

24

144

36

12

192

48

16

576
6912

N.B

144

48

1725

576

The

Roman

7 denarii
Attic
Roman

as

well

drachm,

24

11

1Sextula

1 23

I l^lSiciUcus
2
I mPuella

I96

I288

this

|72

drachms

will

I Uncia

|36 112 |Libra

which

English avoirdupoisounce
and

the

make

|48

is the

ounce
as

since

Attic

they reckoned

their

hea\-ier

weights ^

they

denarius

than

the

divided

into

equal to the
correspondent

weights.

The

above

Tables

I. Roman
For

are

Measures

thus

given by

Conger.

of Capacity.

Liquids (Unit : Amphora

5fg gallons).
Cub.

inch

Gal.

Qts.

Pints.

WEIGHTS

618

II.

COMM.

MEASURES.

AND

Liquids (Unit. M"rp"jr)je=

For

VII.

of Capacity.

Measures

Grecian

[book

gallons).

Pints.

Qts.

Gal.

0-008
0-016
0-02
0-04
0-08
0-12
0-24
0-48
0-95
1-70

III.
For

Pleasures

Grecian

Cub.

10

18

Libra

10

oz.

10

1-70

Pka.

Piuta.

Qta.

"008

2-74

-079

4-12

"12

16-47

"48

32-93

"95

65-86

1-90
1-61

263-46

526-92

1-21

0-43

1053-83

1-28

14

0-8

143-35
511-

182

1654-

142

2-

989-

1426

2-

Weights.
dwts.

9-5

grs.

Troy weight.)

Lb.

1728OO

1-97

8557

Diis.

iuch.

Avoirdupois
weight.

weight.
Dwts.

Oz.

Grs.

Lb.

Oa.

Dwts.

2-9

0^1 1

Obolus

8-8

0^32

17.5

0-64

Siliqua

48

0-60

855

0-22

Troy

a'l

0-46

1829

100
1000

(Unit:

ft.

I MiStfivoQ

Roman

8
85

bushels).
Cub.

IV.

0-23

of Capacity.

things Dry (Unit. Mf^i/xvog =13

I Scrupulum

Duella

16

67600

28800

14400

7200

4800

3600

2400

1200

100

Cent.

pod.

87

11-1

1-28

22-1

2-56

3-85

9-2

20-3

5-13

18-4

7-69

17

12-8

10

10

19

15-39
II

9-.5

171

72

867
2-85

CoMM.
'

Then

thev

ounce

tlieycalled

it into

divided

'
"

24-

The
of

denarius

Troy weight, about

denarii

and

The

the

tables,from

according
difference

Troy

ounce

the

the

to

greatest

drachma

Greeks

used

the

An

The

51

talent

the

quadrans

viz.

of the

the

5245^ Troy grains;

it is 5256

the

this

small
to the

greatest weight

the

as

well

as

And

this

talent,

into

mina.

The

nummary

drachmce.

100

and

ounce

Greeks.

the

among

into

mina

in

as

avoirdupoisounce

the

was

money

of

part

to
signify
expression t^'itovriiiiZ^ayjiov

old

of drachma

division

contained

obolus

cording
ac-

56.

to

di\dded,

was

drachms.

2\

assuming

of

every

piece

contain, in English

determined,

reckoning

The

was

is

denarius,

the

common

talent

mince, and
A

of

sum

drachm

mentions

Celsus

pound

Eoman

value

Weights.

ponderal
60

the

would

sextans

divided

also
a

into

denarii.

proceeds from
preciselyas

Greek
as

of

value

the

of

an

yoapixaTa.

only as

was

oboh

divided

Greeks,

the

vii.

part of

likewise

was

denarius

The
of

12tli

not
victoriati,

63 grains.

triens

the

into

imitation

division

which

to

It

sextula.

weight.

6 sextantes^ in

into

The

drachins.

divided

as

[book

scriptula,called by

was

but

money

cUmidia

rather

scrupicla,or

MEASURES.

AND

WEIGHTS

620

^oXkoi,or,

into

was

Latins

the

as

oboli.

call

them,

cereoli.
or
semiobolus, contains
"j/nw|3oXov,

An
and

cereoli,
according

Diodorus

KiiTTov

the

by

into

The
did.
the

1^ of

used

meticis)who
128

ounces,

7th

part

and

of

sereolus,and

an

minutia,

sometimes

called

was

and

is

the

Romans

not

weight.
di\'ided

and
ovy-y'ia,

the
the

it

as

siliqua, which

in Latin,
/ctpdrtov,

weights

make

were

Dioscorides

tells

use

of 16

mina,
Galen,

mina,

as

and
a

But

denarius

when

of

Roman

was

contains

oboli, 1052

Celsus
about

ounces,

Cleopatra (in Cos-

weight,

scriptula,768

384

sereoli.
of

the
and

that

you

di-achms,

6144
siliquse,

Largus

obolus, and

an

drachma.

from

appears

2304

used

medical

The

lesser

any

of

part

Suidas.

minuta,

Greeks

They

to

the 6th

contained

the

was

Latins

divided

as

sereolus

or

XtTrrci,
according
The

(Ap. Suidam.)

XaX/cog,
7

Cleopatra,but

to

siliquaand a half,
only according to

and

16

lupini,

Scribonius

62j| grains, the

draclima

being supposed equal

made

have

must

The

Troy grains, or

7000

the

The

Romans

into 8
their

into

supposed

equal

confusion

in

12i

the

different

two

Dioscorides

is here

by,

but

drugs

the

that

at

first

and

bought

The

physicians,Serapion, Rhases,
Greek
is

manes

there

Roman

two

of

Measures
to

the

them,

mina

of 12i

other

ounces

is not

sold

Arabian
and

the
one

of Capacity.
English, I shall

of the
ounces.

though it is
they prescribed

and

what

weights

Avicenna,

are

derived

from

Hebrew
of 20

Attica

their

gross

by

their

by.

weights, and

corruptionof

were

Greek
measures

and

the

of

which

ounces,

ancient

of

of 16

another

avoirdupoisweight, what

our

Weights.

mina

Cleopatra speaks

of 16

only
physicians,it

perhaps like

Of Arabian
the

the most

great

weights

and

one,

Roman

meant

that

the

Attic

an

mime, the first of 16 and

by

were

So

occasioned

about

ancient

more

avoirdupois pound.

mentions

mentioned

the

wise
like-

dividing likewise
denarius
being

Roman

was

the

weight
siHqua.

denarii, and

ages

authors

there

is evident

By ounces
avoirdupoisounce.

exactly our

of

Kt^ariov,

common

drachma, have

expressions

namely,

of later
the

of 16

drachms.

The

grain,\ of

or

into

and

Greek

ounces.

was

likewise

ounce

mina

litra of 96

usually.

as

airaoiov,

the Greeks

the

It

ounces,

our

the

drachms,

to

nations.

Roman

and

Comm.

drachmae

avoirdupoispound.

of the

use

dividing their

drachms

ounce

both

made

before, was

physicians;

such

100

our

uncia, being divided

or

siliqua,as mentioned

among

that

to

621

62225~ grains,whereas,

of

physicianslikewise

ovyyia,

or

is

mina

is about

ounces

The

MEASURES.

AND

WEIGHTS

XXVI.]

SECT.

maneh,
ounces,

In
make

or

and

reducing
use

of

used
a

mixture

them.

Their

the Greek
another

the
the

of

mina:

of 16.

Greek
"){pvQ,

solid
which

made

CoMM.
'

"

"

in

'

pose
the

of that

weight

which

drachm,

and

avoirdupois pound,
shall

tables, I

the

drachm,
There
of rain

this

by

water:

solid

the

inches, somewhat
and

"youc

authors

and
^eartig

the

them,

are

ancient

by

measure

congius

is

There

hemina.

used

likewise

as

grains.
pounds
inches;

number

that
great probability

6th

the

are

the 12th

sextarius,and

this

to

of

pints,25,698 solid
congius,though the Greek
the same
as
indifferently

the

Roman

our

in the

is 6

which
yovg ;
less than the Roman
in

inches

or

3 solid

inches, the

sohd

198*94737

make

therefore,50,400

mina,

According

grainsmake

760

Attic

difference

be 50,400
must
xovq
soUd inches, weighing 76

experiment

sup-

Attic

solid foot 1728

small

vii.

betwixt

heaviest

Attic

grains Troy.

70

of the

weight

in

are

neglecting

it at

state

the

old

the

authors

difference

no

part of the

100th

all

to

Taking

of wine.

and

is the

making

ancients

rain-water, the

of

[book

drachms, according

720

weight

MEASURES.

AND

WEIGHTS

622

/cotuXjjand

the

of

the

measured

Greeks

the

part

weight of oil,the product of

their country. For the physicians,
speaking of these measures,
their weight in oil ; and Galen, speaking of the
always mention
the cotylato be of 60 drachms
understood
cotyla,saith thatHeras
reducing the weight to oil. I find likewise that it is a general
capacity of

the

that

9 to

10 ;

of oil is made

pounds

72

so

of wine

that
9

as

near,

by
The

the

small

So

9-96.

oil

weighing

largestGreek

less in

warm

12

may

be

country

than

or

\ovg,

contained

yoeuc

12

cotylee.

and

of oil

is very

in

ours.

the

Attic

aij.(l"op"vg,

but

small.

the

Roman

sextarius.

use

Attic

It

/cotuAjjwas

TpyjSXtoi'.
was
o^v'/Ba^oi/
Phny

saith

was

one

measure

it

was

the
half

6th
of

4th

called

physicians
difference being
^iar-nqfrom

the

part

of the

the

^iarnq.

answering
the

It is also
Greek

The

for the Roman

congius,the
-^ovg
in later times borrow
Grecians
The

sometimes

The

in

accounted

It is also called

or
lagena.
or
Xayvvov,\dyr]i'ov,
Xayvi'oq,

called

equal

Kepafiiov.

The

The

to

weight

the

things liquidwas

choes.

was

wine,

which

to

difference

for

measure

contained

of

10

527,

476

fresh-water, as

to

which
/jitTprtTriQ,

KaSog,

or

of oil

weight

80

to

is to

for

as

the

that

pounds of wine, 9 pounds of oil to

everywhere. According to our experiments,

bulk
so

wine,

of

the

ancients

the

supposition among

by

vessels

their

to

part

the
of

yovq.
It

Roman
the

is also

tabulum.
ace-

hemina.

WEIGHTS

XXVI.]

SECT.

(H. N.

saith

ult.) Hesychius

c.

XV,

MEASURES.

AND

623

it

called

was

aXig, Comm.

aig,

and "yajSfi'oi'.
(ia(j)ioi',

KvaOoQ

Koyyr} was
and

lesser to

called

so

from

of the

cotyla,and

Xr/'^rj
was
rustic

or

which

this
the

was

There

shell-fish.
of

part

physiciansused,

liquids:

Of

hvq.

the

measure

16th

the

was

it is

equal

to

part

the

greater
lesser,

pai'tof the cotyla.

30th

the

smallest

measure

cheme.

the

of

half

one

was

cotyla; but

the

in Latin, cochlear,was
KoyXia^iov,

The
for

20th

the

cheme,

the

from

named

so

and

by Hesychius.
j3ap/3oc

is called

mystrum

greater

part of the cyathus. The

4th

lesser the

the

were

oxybaphum,

greater of which

kinds, the

two

were

from

called

Mvar^ov, or ixvgtXov,SO
there

to the

equal
greater was
half of the cyathus.

one

There

shell.

The

less.

part of the ^forj/c-

12th

the

was

See

the

Table,
Ch'eek
a

for

measure

contained

choenices.

48

Xod'i^ is
li

or
was
jueStjitvoi',
M.i^if.ivoq,
of thingsDry.
dry things,such as wheat, barley,flour,"c., and

Measures

and
containing 3 cotylse,

measure

KvaOog, and
^"(TTT)c:
/cotuAjj,
oHu'jSa^oi',

of the

also used

were

dry

for

measures

as

contained

the

congii,was

cube

of

as

was

Ko'^Xiapiov

capacityand
when
sures
they are meaalready.

things dry.

another
is the same
proportion to one
shown
which
for liquids,
have been
The
Measures
Roman
of Capacity.

so

Their

The

pes,

or

amphora, which
foot.

The

con-

being settled,as equal

of the
to 11-604
inches, its cube 1562'5112, gives the contents
amphora in solid inches ; and divided by 8, gives 195*3139
inches for that of the congius.
of liquid things,
the Romans
The
greatest measure
among
the

was

40

\ foot.

wns,

the

amphoraj. A culeus
urn
being half the amphora.
called quadrantal,ceramium, cadus,

amphora is otherwise
The
and
/uT^riTijg IroXtKocThe

and

the
The

the

urna

measure

half of the

8th

it contained

contains

imia

part of the culeus,

is the 40th

amphora.
the

conc/iuswas

pes

culleus,containing 20

culeus,or

also contains

of

cube

the
gius itself,

The

207*0676

part of the amphora, and

sextarii.
solid

The

congius

inches, that

is,7

the 4th of
in

English
pints 4*942

solid inches.
The

sextarius

urbicus

was

the

6th

part of the congius.

This

WEIGHTS

624

'
*

is

sextarius

CoMM.
'

divided

dmded

into

into

four

sextarius

is also

sextarius

were

MEASURES.

AND

quartariiwhich

like

into

acetabula.

of

those

the half of

are

the

vii.

cotyI(P. It is also

hemiiKB, or

two

di\ided

[book

hemina.

The

parts of the

uncia, sextans, quadrans,

as,

triens,quincunx, semis, septunx, bes, dodrans, dextans, deunx,

words

by which
being the

12th

number

of

cyathiis meant,

part of the sextarius.

of the

double

was

certain

castrensis

sextarius

urbicus.

half

Hemina, the

The

cyathus

the

of

sextarius,contains

4
quartarii,

acetabula, 6 cyathi,24 ligulse.

Quartarius, as
The

acetabulum

Cyathus
The

the

was

the

was

12th

half

lingua, contained

ligula,or

sometimes
There
Greeks

the

the

XtVoo

48th

the

E-oraans

divided

was

as

the

libra

and
/uTciKt],

It

as.

denote

spoon,

mensuralis,which

distinguishedfrom
consisted

made

was

sextarius.

of the

ligula.

libra ponderalis.This
or
aradf-UKi],
X'lrpa
and

tarius.
sex-

quartarius.

one

equal to

also among
called

part of the

cochlearium, often

measure

was

of the

fourth

part of the sextarius.

Cochlear, cochleare,and
and

the

said, was

have

we

the

of 12 ounces,
of

commonly

horn,

divided

This libra mensuralis

by 12 lines,marking the ounces.
of oil,and of wine, 11
2 scr., 1
oz.
weighed 10 ounces
The
obolus, and 1 siliqua,
according to the ponderal libra.
all along supposed the weight of oil to be, to that of
ancients
This
wine, as 9 to 10.
proportion of the specificgravityof
these two
liquorsholds in this computation; for 11 oz., 2 scr.
1600
10 ounces
1440
1
ob. 1 sil.,
make
make
siliquae
; and
it as 9 to 10,
cording
Acsiliquje;and dividingboth by 160, makes
and

to

mensuralis

% of

our

this

weight

contained

pint,wine

of

19'085

wine
solid

this

inches, somewhat

But

measure.

in all appearance

assigned by Galen,
the

water, according
ponderal ounces
solid inches, the
would
be equal to 20-612
the two
being only 1*527 soHd inches.
Roman
was
one

the

thii'd

and

part of the
hemina

which

amphora,
The

are

also

or

semimodius
measures

quartarius,acetabulum, cyathus and

less

than
ing,
vary-

to

contain

between

The

modius

quadrantal, which
contained
of

was

8 sextarii.

dry things,as

concha.

it

weight

difference

of Capacity for things dry.

half of the medimnus.

Sextarius
also

Measures

to

libra

measures

designed

originallywas

of

12

Roman

the

so

WEIGHTS

XXVI.]

SECT.

Table

of

the Roman

MEASURES.

AND

Measures

625

of capacityfor things Dry.

Corn

Eu^Hsh
Pecks.

Of the Arabian
such

for those

is necessary

measures
as

The

Measures.

knowledge

who

read

Gal.

of

the Arabian

Avicenna, Rhases, Serapion, Mesue, and

Pints.

the

COMM.

Measure.
Sol.

inch.

Arabian

physicians,
Haly Abbas.

amphora.
equal to the Roman
Aldorach, equal to 2 xestse.
Joheni, equal to the congius of the Romans.
sextarius.
Kist, equal to a Roman
Korboni, equal to the hemina.
Kiliathi,equal to one half of the cotyla.
Dorach,

Kestuf, equal to the acetabulum.

the
the

Briala,

of uncertain

measure

Mustarum,
to

cyathus.

equal to
Falgerin, equal to
Cuathum,

\ cyathus.

the
A

cochleare

par^Tim.

capacity.

greater equal

to
3

Greek

corruptionof the

fxvar^ov.

for

Measures

things Dry.

Hemina

0-5074

pint.

Sextarius

1-0148

Modius

1-0141

pints.
pecks.

Attic

for

Measures

things Dr}'.
0-9903

Roman

Measures

for

1-486

pint.
pints.

1-0906

bushels.

things Liquid.

Hemina

0-59759

Sextarius

1-19518
7-1712

Congius
Urna

"

3-5857

Amphora

7-1712

Culeus

2-27
Attic

K07V\"J
XoCc

Measures

for

pint.
pints.
pints.

gallons.
gallons.
hogsheads.

things Liquid.
0-5742

pint.

1-1483

pints.
pints.

6-8900
10-335

III.

lesser

Tables.

Decimal
Roman

hemina, the

gallons.
40

equal

WEIGHTS

626

CoMM.

Table

of the

used

by

usual

more

the

p.

[book

of Weights

Characters
and

Greek

'Metralogie/

MEASURES,

AND

Authors.

Roman

and
From

Measures

Paucton,

95.

Notes

ponderales

des

Romains.

Granum
Teruiicius

T.

Libella

Simplium

HS.Jis.ttS.N.

Sestertius,Nummus

Scriptulum, Scripulum,

Gramma

Victoriatus, Quinarius
Hemisescla

\.

Denarius,

drachma

Sextula, sescla, exagion, stagion

\.u,v,

Semisicilicus

2-'

Sicilicus, sesquisextula
Duella, binae

sextulse

\\.uir.i3

Semuncia

Uncia,

oungia, ouggia

Sescuncia
....

Sextans

....

Quadrans

.z

l.ooo

....

Triens

oooo

....
.

Quincunx

Septunx

....

Bessis, Bes

ST-

"
"

"

Dodrans
....

Decunx,

I.

Semissis, Semis, Selibra

Dextans

Deunx
....

Libra, litra,pondo, as,

Dupondium

monas

TP.R.LL
.

VII.

^YEIGHTS

628

AND

MEASURES.

[book

COMM.

mensurales

Notes

Grecs.

des

Cheme

Ligida

Kochlearion,

Mystron
.

Kyathos
.

Baphion

Oxybaphon,

Kotyle,

TrybUon

Xestes

Choinix,

XX-

Cboenix

X-

Cbous

Medimnos

The

Cados

Metretes,

Keramion,

end

of

the

Commentary

Paulus
on

tEgineta.

VII.

GENERAL

Abrong,

article

an

see

the

in

of, and

its medicinal

their

uses

its medicinal

Acetabulum,

properties,iii,

See

properties, iii,29.

of the ancient

one

or

medicinal

Agate, its

account

medicine,

Aconite,

and

powers,

of the

its

of,
iii,28.

scalp,

properties

as

of

treatment

its

uses

cine,
in medi-

iii,29.
Restorative

or

Ointments,

on

the

composition of, iii,581-9.

Acorns,

used

sometimes

food

the

as

articles

of

ancients, i, 137.

by
Acrochordones,
description and general
treatment
of,ii,48 ; surgicaltreatment
of, 276.
Actual
cautery, application of, to the
head, ii,248,

250.

probably

Adarce,
iii,22

Adhesion

its

uses

of

the

species of zoophyte,

medicine, ibid.
ment
eyelids, surgical treatin

of, ii,273, 274.

and
of the
nature
^gilops, symptoms
disease, with general treatment,
i,4 13,
427 ; surgicaltreatment
of, ii,285-8 ;
article in the

an

jErugo,
uses

Ms,

or

or

in

Mat

Med.,

Verdigris, nature
medicine, iii,142.

Copper,

see

Copper.

iii,24.
of, and

medicine,

in
uses

medicine, iii,19.
in medicine,
iii,20.
of

used

in

the

ment
treat-

ii,101 et seq.
Grass, its properties

Agrostis, or

as

medicine, iii,20.
Airs, on the different kinds of, i, 161.
in medicine, iii,
Alauda, or Lark, its uses
a

term

used

the

allusions

no

earliest

writer

by

the Arabians

wn-iters

iii,17

on,

ibid.

for

medicine

on

to,

Alcsea, or Vervain-mallow,
uses, iii,33.

Firmicus

its medicinal

of, and their

iii,
33, 34.
properties,
Ale, see
Zythus.
Alica, a preparation from
spelt, nearly
the same
as
chondrus, i, 123.
Alkalies, their use in pneumonia, i,481 ;
general properties in medicine, iii,185.

Alcyonia, on
and

symptoms

poisoning by, ii,220;

Acopa,

its

Lepra, ii,21.
Alchemy, the ancient

i, 346, 348.

Acinus,

uses

Ageratum,

make

eruptivedisease

an

propertiesas

190.

iii,221, 223.
Achores,

Agaric, its

Albaras,

measures.

Measures.

Achates,

in tetanus,

use

of ulcers,

properties,iii,27.

its medicinal

Acarus,

its

Agglutinants, list

23.

Acanthus,

water, its

iii,18.

properties,iii,26.

its medicinal

medicine,

i, 404, 406, 407.

Agallochum,

treatment

Acallis, its properties in medicine, iii,26.

Acauthium,

of cold

Affusion

iii,63, 64.

medicine,

jEthiopis,its properties as
iii,25.

ment
general treat-

and

womb,

thereof, 385-6.
Absintliium, varieties
Acacia,

teria
Ma-

surgical treatment

of the

Arabian

and

nature

of, ii, 54-9

of, 305-8

the

vol. iii,p. 471.

Southernwood.

Medica,

Abrotanum,
Abscess, on

in

INDEX.

the

varieties

medicinal

See

further

Lixivial.

description of their
properties,i, 136 ; their uses

Almonds,

dietetical
in medicine,

iii,41.
in
of, and its uses
Alabastrites, account
medicine, iii,226.
their
medicinal
Aloe, varieties of, and
properties, iii,34.
Alopecia, see under Hair.
Alphos, description of, ii, 16, "c., 33-5

Lepra alphoides
logists,23.
the

Alsine,

or

Chickweed,

of

modern

its medicinal

perties,
pro-

iii,35.
its

noso-

Alsander, see under Smyrnium.

its medicinal
Altha;a, or Marshmallow,
properties,iii,32.

630

Alum, different
ancients, and
AMne

INDEX.

GENERAL

kinds

to the
of, known
361.
360,
uses, iii,

their

discharges, their

characters

in

fevers, i, 222.

Angina, see Quinsy.

Angiology, descriptionof
Animals,

parts of, used

food, i, 149.
Alypon, its medicinal
properties,iii,35.
or
Anise,
Alysson, or ^ladwort, its medicinal
perties, Anisum,
pro-

Marjoram,

or

its

in

uses

dicine,
me-

ui, 36.
Amaranth,

37.
iii,
properties,

its medicinal

treatment
of,
Amaurosis, symptoms
i, 421, 434.
under
Amber, see
Electrum, Ambergris,

and

and

Karabe.

Ambergris,
given by

its medicinal

properties

as

the

Arabians, iii,426 ; unknown

the
Greeks
and
Romans,

to

ibid.

Ambrosia,

of its medicinal

account

perties,
pro-

Amethyst,
Amiantus,

of

the

its

of, and

Amomum,

gem,

its

in the

their

uses,

of

treatment

its medicinal

the

different

iii,38, 39.

on

the

Ebn

to

its

uses

medicine, iii,

in

of persons

treatment

stung

under
the

uses,

Imperforate,and

on

Aphace,or

"Wild

399

the

treatment

fistulas

on

of, and

general diseases

Vetch, its medicinal

uses,

Aphronitrum,
in

Apochyma,

iii,48.

uses,

Apocynum,
See

of
its
account
it, and
medicine, iii,62.
Old
or
Pitch, its medicinal

its deleterious

also Brassica

Apolinose, application
hemorrhoids,

effects,ii,242.

canina.
of

it

to

fistula;

ii,401, 403.

Apoplexy, symptoms
i, 392.'

and

treatment

Appetite,loss of,in fevers,and

of,

treatment

thereof, i, 311.

181.

of

Amputation

iii,46.
powers,
Tonsils, treatment

of its medicinal

account

thereof, ii, 405

and

40.

Amphisbaena,
by, ii,180,
Amphora, see

Antimony,

powers

Baithar, 436.
Ampeloprasum,

medicine,

iii,62.

paradisi,known

grana

medicinal

Antiades, or Indurated
of, ii,299.

treatment,
of, i. 600, 605.

ancient, and
mum
properties,iii,42 ; amo-

discussion

its medicinal

Anthyllis,its

their

medicine, iii,228.

in

uses

lieutery,i, 521.
Amrai, or Bishop's ^Yeed,
properties,iii,38.
Ammoniac,
description of
kinds

in

uses

of

Ankle, on dislocations at, ii,506-8.

Anonis, Ononis, or Rest-harrow, its uses
in medicine, iii,47.
Antirrinon, or Snapdragon, its medicinal
uses, ui, 47.
of the
Anthrax, or Carbuncle, treatment
its uses
disease, ii, 78, 79 ; the gem,
in medicine, iii,221, 224.

Anus,

and

properties,iii,224.

^Yine, used

Aminsean

of, i, 609-14.

treatment

account

medicinal

its

articles

as

iii,356.

iii,27.
Amenorrhoea,

operation,

iii,46.

iii,36.

Amaracus,

the

ii,254-6.

Apples,

Weights.
extremities, ii,409-

food,

their

characters

i, 134

their

uses

articles

as

in

of

medicine,

iii,250.
article of
Apricot, its characters
as
an
quartans, i, 248;
in epilepsy,378, 381 ; in gout, 670.
food, i, 133.
the
Annirca, or Lees of Oil,its medicinal
ancient, by
eulogium on
perties, Arabs,
proBeckniann, iii,479.
iii,39.
Arabian
Stone, account
of,and its powers
AmygdaliE, see Almonds.
in
medicinal
its
225.
medicine,
iii,
Aniylum, or Starch,
uses,
in medicine, iii,
Arbute, its characters
iii,41.
184.
Anabrochismus,
description of the operation,
Arcion, or Burdock, its medicinal
ii,270.
powers,
of poisoning by,
treatment
iii,51.
Anacardium,
in medicine, iii,450.
Arctium, its medicinal
iii,51.
ii,242 ; its uses
powers,
414.

Amulets,

their

use

in

Anagalbs, or Pimpernel, its

in medicine,

uses

iii,43.

Anagyrus,
Anchusse,

its medicinal

medicinal

Anethum,

uses,

iii,43.

Alkanets, their varieties and

or

Dill, its medicinal

ties,
proper-

iii,46.

Aneurism, surgicaltreatment

and treatment
Fevers, symptoms
of, i, 260 et seq.
Arena, or Sand, its uses in medicine, iii,
38.

Aigemone,

properties,iii,21.
or

Ardent

of,ii,312-6.

cinal
Prickly Poppy, its medi49.
iii,
powers,
its uses
in
Arisarum, or Friar's Cowl,
medicine, iii,49.
or

INDEX.

GENERAL
Aristolochia,
and

their

Arnieniacum,
and

Birthwort, varieties of,

iii,50.
powers,
of,
Arnieuium, account

or

medicinal
or

Ann, on
i",456-64.

their treatment,

Armpits,

of fetid smells in the, i, 506.

ditKculty of determining what
it was,
iii,52.
of poisoning by, ii,
Arsenic, treatment
236
kinds
known
to tlie ancients,
235,
;
236 ; iii,54 ; its uses
in medicine, iii,

Arnabo,

See

53, 54.

Artemisia,

Sandarach.

also

medicine, iii,457.

in

medicinal

its

Mugwort,

or

iii,52.

powers,

the

Arteriacs, on
of, i, 473.

and

nature

composition
the

et

and

of,

treatment

seq.
described

not

by

any

of

the

Columella, i, 114.
speciesof bread, i, 122.

ancients

but

Artologani,a
a
Arum,
plant resembling
herb, i, 114.
Arum,
or
Wakerobin,

di'agon-

the

medicinal

its

iii,53.
powers,
Asarabacca, its propertiesas a medicine,
iii,55.
Asclepias,or Swallow-wort, its medicinal
iii,56.
powers,

Ascyrron,

species

of

hypericum,

its

medicinal
57.
uses, iii,
Ash, its virtues as a medicine, iii,247.
their
of the ancient, and
Ashes, nature
medicinal
iii,372.
powers,
Asian
iii,
Stone, its medicinal
powers,

stung by, ii,

persons
variety of the common

of

treatment

187,

"c.

viper,189.
its medicinal
Aspalatiius,

powers,

iii,57.

Asparagi,
116;

the

uses

of
shoots
young
in
of asparagus

plants,i,
medicine,

Asphaltos,

Bitumen,

or

its

in

uses

dicine,
me-

Spleenwort, its

medicinal

an

of, and

Atticus, account

Asthma,

used

as

475, "c.

its virtues

and

into

the

bread, i,

the

practice

Arabs, iii,449.

Ploughman's Spikenard, its

or

its uses
in medicine, iii,66.
Balote, or Base Horehound, its medicinal
iii,67.
uses,
in
or
Balsamum,
Balsam-tree, its uses
medicine, iii,67.
Bamboo-cane,
procured from, i,
sugar
See

319.

Barb, the

Sugar.

fish,described

bv

Ausonius, i,

161.

Barley,its

character

article of

food,
iii,195.
article of food, i, 115;
Basil, as au
its
virtues in medicine, iii,423.
of persons
Basilisk, treatment
stung by,
i, 123;

ii, 189

Bass,

as

an

its medicinal

ct

the

uses,

seq.

fish, its characters

as

article

an

food, i, 161.

Bastard

SaftVon, see Cnicus.

Baths, descriptionof the ancient, i, 6773 ; public,of the Romans,
68 ; mode
in which

Batos,

or

the

ancients

baths

or

Bramble,

took

spas,
its

them, 68

71.
medicinal

uses,

iii,68.
its medicinal
in

uses

248.
uses, iii,
medicine, iii,93,94.

of, iii,70, 439.

account

Bean, characters

of the
uses

Grease, its

in

different

in the

use

varieties

medicine, iii,
199.
cure

of baldness,

Bear's

Breech,

treatment

of, i,

see

Acanthus.

Beasts, general characters of their flesh as

the principalpart
food,i, 145 ; formed
of man's

iii,59.

svmptoms

of

medicine, iii,66.
Hair.
Baldness, treatment
of, see under
of Pomegranate,
Balaustium, or Flower

Bear's

article of food, i, 149.

in medicine,

bone,

i, 342.

iii,58.
powers,
Ass, flesh of the wild, sometimes
Aster

by

of, i,126; its

iii,61.
or

the

in

uses

Bdellium,

Kingspear,

or

Asplenium,

introduced

Bay-tree, its

medicinal

its

iii,60.

powers,

of

kind

coarse

Azederach,

Baum,

iii,58.

Asphodel,

dislocations

iii,61.

Autopvrus,
122'.

natural

Rosewood.

See

virtues

ment
Atheroma, descriptionand general treatof, ii,94, 95 ; surgicaltreatment
of, 311, 312.
Atractylis,or Distatf-thistle,its uses in
medicine, iii,61.
Atranientum
used
sntorium, sometimes
242
ii,
account
as
a
poison,
of, and
;
its uses
in medicine,
402.
iii,
Atriplex, or Orache, its medicinal
powers,

of

221, 224.

Asp,

Astragalus,on

Baccharis,

Arthritis, symptoms

Liquorice,its

medicine, iii,60.

operation,

ii,253.
657

in

of medicine

Arteriotomy, descriptionof

Artichoke,

Wild

Astragalus,or

ii,507, 508.

its uses, iii,52.

fractures of, and

Artamita, its virtues

G31

food

Beccafigo,the
142.

in the

ficcdula

heroic

age,

of

Romans,

the

ibid.
i

INDEX.

GENERAL

632

Propolis.

Bee-glue, see
Beef,
i, 148.
Beet, used
its

its characters

as

as

article

food,

an

in

of

food, i, 112

noctis,

Ben-nut,

medicinal

Bubonium,

iii,65.

powers,

its

Berberis, or Berberry,
into medicine, iii,438.

Bereugemish,

as

its characters

Bettony, on
medicine, iii,71.

Bezoar,

or

its medicinal

Bindweed,
Bird-lime,

Bishop's Weed,
Bitumen,
Blatta

uses

medicine, iii,

in

337.

Blitum,

or
Elite, its properties as a potherb,
in medicine, iii,
i, 114 ; its uses

72.

propertiesof the various

medicinal

Blood,
kinds

Borax,

Bothrion,
BotiTs,

Ulcers

see

iii,73.
Brain, ancient
its

in

uses

Bran,

Crimnon.

see

known

the

to

with
uses

Breasts,

of the

Eyes.

in

uses,

ancients,

leaven

or

varieties

i,

122

yeast, 123

of,
prepared
its

the

diseases

of, i, 504

male,

morbidly resembhng female, ii,336.

Brine, see Muria.
in
Britannica, account
of, and its uses
78.
iii,77,
medicine,
according
Brocoli, its dietetical characters
to Rhases, i, 113.
Bronchocele, sui'gicaltreatment
of, ii,
316.

its

the

medicine, iii,351.
its medicinal

uses, iii,

126.
Bruised
415.

nail,

on

the

treatment

of, ii,

medicinal

its medicinal

Burning,

or

for

medicine, iii,74.

treatment
of, ii,42-5.
application of the Cautery
eyelids, ii, 265 ; the armpits,

on

empyema,
the
; over

stomach, 336

332

spleen,
the

over

the

over

336

; over

hip-joints,

394.

Bustard, or Otis, a delicious article of

food, i, 142.
its medicinal
Butcher's-broom,
powers,
iii,94.
Butter, its uses
by the ancients in food
and medicine, iii,74-6.
Buzeiden, probably the Orchis morio, iii,
in medicine, ibid.
459 ; its uses

Cabbage,

its

113;

taken

properties as

Cachexia, nature
Cactos, nature

in
of

its

Buprestis.

see

Burns,

the

poisoning by,

poisoning by, ii,

of

in

uses

Broom,
Broth,

uses

of

Ox-eye,

or

Cacalia,
Cacanus,

its

of, in

iii,76.

been
Bronchotomy, said to have
formed
perby Hippocrates in quinsy, i,
166.
For a descriptionof the operation,
see
Laryngotomy.

account

powers

iii,74.

liver,335
the

mine
deter-

to

emetic, iii,73.

treatment

Burncow,

330

of

food, i,

iii,77.

medicinal

ii,230, 231.
or
Earth-nut,
Bunium,

to, the

medicine, iii,55.

on

BuU's-blood,

203

Batos.

description

powers,
difficult

and

Buprestis,treatment

medicine, iii,99.

see

article of

an

Bulimia, or
Bulimos, treatment
fevers, i, 313.
Bullae, see Phlyctsnse.

powers,

of, iii,476.

physiologj-of the, i, 83

Bramble,
Bread,

uses,

iii,287.

Goose-foot, its medicinal

or

as

esculent

Buphthalmum,

Tincar, account

or

Rhamnus.

esculent,

powers,

of, iii,25.

Bones, their medicinal

Coronopus.

exactly, i, 118;

Aspbaltos.

see

Pistrina, its

bread,

iii,170.

in medicine,

uses

its medicinal

of the

of

sort

cine,
purgative medi-

compound

see

Bulbi, the

Ammi,

see

of

name

Bugs, see Cimices.

Buglossuin, used

Aristolochia.

see

the

iii,494.
Buccinae, their

115;

Viscum.

see

Birthwort,

283.
iii,

powers,

Atticus.

Aster

see

Buckthorn,

iii,426.

medicine,

surgical treatment

Buckthorn-plantain, see

into

its introduction

of

account

treatment

i, 589

Buccellatus,

iii,477.
Bettonica,

and

Buccellatum,
i, 125.

introduction

Gariofilatum,

Ozimum

or

in

uses

of, ii,377-9.

its

Nut-ben,

or

iii,

uses,

medicine, iii,79.
of, ii, 71-3.
of, and its
general account

its

nature

treatment,

Epinyctis.

see

Bubo,

Bubonocele,

medicine, iii,371.
iii,478.
upon,

dissertation

Benet

Lichen, its medicinal

or

78.

Bryony,

uses

Behen,

Brvon,
article of

an

176

; its uses
see

pot-herb, i,

prevent intoxication,
in medicine, iii,193.

to

Cacanus.

account

of, and

its

in

uses

dicine,
me-

iii,148.
and

treatment

of, and

its

poison, ii,240, 241.

Cadmia, or Calamine, its
iii,149.

uses

of,i,568.
effects

in

as

cine,
medi-

GENERAL

Caeliac

affection

and

symptoms

INDEX.

Cloves, its properties

or
medicine, iii,160.
the fruit of the Balsam-tree,
Cassamum,

Caryophyllon,

ment
treat-

of, i, 520.
Calais, account

as

228.
of, as a medicine, iii,
cinal
BuII-reed, its medi-

Cassia, its virtues

iii,151.
powers,
in medicine, iii,151.
Calainintli,its uses

Calculus,

or
Sweet-cane, its
iii,152.
ment
Lithotomy ; general treat-

powers,

see

of, i, 541
Callus,

of

ii,476
bones

on

of the

treatment
;

uterus,

from, 477

of distortion

which

have

Cassia

632.
tures,
in frac-

redundant,

united

not

given by

as

the

ments,
surgical instru-

general
surgicaltreatment

and

symptoms
of, ii,79-83;

ment
treat-

of, ii,334-336.
appetite, in fevers, treatment

Canine

of,

i, 314.
in
of Pines, their
uses
medicine, iii,302.
Cannabis, or Hemp, its uses in medicine,
iii,155,
or

treatment

201

Elder,

et seq ;

Caparis,or

uses

under

see

of

Elder.

poisoning by, ii,

medicine, iii,153.

of in

Caper-tree,its

uses

cine,
in medi-

Carbuncle

of the eyelids,treatment
of,
ment
treatand
1,419, 432; general nature
of, ii,75, 79 ; the gem
scarcely
used as a medicine, iii,224.
Carcinoma, of the eyelids,i, 419, 432.
its medicinal
Cardamom,
properties,iii,
157.

C.

of from
Celsus,
disease, account
Aurelianus, and
Aretaeus, i, 292

et seq.
Carline Thistle, its characters

as

an

article

or

an
Siliqua;,

food, i, 137.
Wood,

Carious

inferior

article of

uses

medicine, iii,

in

Carpesia, treatment

of

poisoning by, ii,

Carpesium, falselytaken

for

in

medicine, iii,159.

or

Staphylinus,its

cubebs, its

article of

of

its characters

as

ancient

rities
autho-

the

beaver, iii,
medicine, 163,

Plant, its characters

Catalepsy,symptoms

and

as

cine,
medi-

characters

of, i,

treatment

of in fevers, i,301,
Catapliora,treatment
Cataract, surgicaltreatment
of, ii,280-5.
or
Eruca, its propertiesas a
Cateri)illar,

medicine, iii,153.
and
Catarrh, symptoms

of, i,

treatment

469.

Caucalis,

Carrot, its

Wild

or

uses

in

Cauda

pudendi, symptoms and treatment

disease, ii, 381 382.
Fevers.
Causus, see Ardent
Catheterism, descriptionof the operation,
of the

ii,351.

Cedrus, or
iii,164,
Celandine,

Juniper, its
or

medicine,

Cenchrinus,

medicinal

Chelidonium,
iii,412.
treatment

of

as

its

uses,

uses

persons

in

stung

by, ii, 186.

Centaury, its uses in medicine, iii,165.
Cepsea, its uses in medicine, iii,169.
and treatment
of,
Cephalalgia,symptoms
i, 350.
and

treatment

of,

i, 355.
or

Wax,

its

uses

in

medicine, iii,

169.

ii, 189

variety of the Egyptian viper,

treatment

of

persons

stung

187-9.

Cherries, history of, as an

food, i, 132, 133 ; their uses
in medicine, iii,167.
Ceratonia, see Carob-tree.
of poisoning by, ii,
Ceruse, treatment
234 ; nature
of, 235 ; its characters
as
420.
medicine, iii,
a
Cetacca, or Large Fishes, account
of, i,
Cerasia,

or

article of

food, i, 118.
as
Cartilaginousfishes,their characters
articles of food, i, 169 et seq.
cine,
Carum, or Caraway, its virtues as a mediiii,158.
of the
and
treatment
Carus, symptoms
disease,i,372.
an

bark

See Ricinus.
iii,170, 171.
Castration, descriptionof the operation,

by,

218.

Carrot,

Cerastes,

326.

uses

of

Castor-oil

Cera,
its

testicles

the

Cephalaca,symptoms

of food, i, 113.

Carobs,

Cassia

medicine, iii,163.

iii,155.

Cardiac

the

369, "c.

Canker-worms

Cantharis,

as

moderns,

iii,379.

ii,471.

Canopum,

lignea,same

iii,161.
Castor, supposed by the
162

characters

Ara'jians, iii,427.
of these
Canals, nature
Cancers,

the

for

of, 477.

want

Caniphora, its

161.
as a medicine, iii,
characters
fistida,its medicinal
as
given by the Arabians, iii,429-31 ; of
the Greeks
different substance,
a very
iii,161.

Cassia

aromaticus,

medicinal

iii,161.

Calamagrostis, or

Calamus

633

170.

Ceterach,

sec

Asplcniiun.

INDEX.

GENERAL

G34

of the

Chalazia

See

was,

sutorium.

Atramentum

in

the

Chalcitis, disquisitionon

of,

nature

Chamseleon,

poisoning by,

of

treatment

its characters

as

its characters

Chamsedrops,

as

its

or
Germander,
iii,406.

Chamoeleuce,

Ground

or

in

uses

Poplar, its

417.

Ground

See

dislocations
in

medicine, iii,

Mezereon.

for the

Chaste-tree,

and

weights

different

uses,

and

svmptoms
i,412, 425.
Cherry, see Cerasion.

Clysters,descriptionof

characters

of

articles

as

of, i, 676.

Ulcers,

and

symptoms

ment
treat-

Cholera,
515

and

Chondrus

as

is

from

grain prepared
Cicada

of

sort

shelled

of

418

spelt, i,
its

123

in medicine,

uses

eyes, treatment
of black, ii, 118.

Cicer, or Chickpea, its uses

as

of, i,

medicine,

Succory,

its

medicinal

iii,176.

powers,

Cider, ancients

well

acquainted

with

the

preparation of, i, 134.

Cimices,

or

iii,188.

treatment

Bugs, their

medicinal

and

of, i,

treatment

Coltsfoot, its medicinal

uses,

iii,72.

Colocynth, descriptionof, and

medicine, iii,183.

its

uses

in

Symphytum.

see

in medicine, iii,178.
uses
of
treated
poisonous substance
by the Arabians, ii,242.
of the Uterus, treatment
of,iii,
Condyloma
of the anus, treatment
382,383;
of,405.

Conchyha,

their

Condisi,

iii,112.
or

Ulcers.

see

Comfrey,

the

treatment

Cichorium,

uses

531, "c.

iii,390.
Cicatrices

iii,548, 558.

medicine, iii,415.

Tree-hopper,

or

i, 168

Romans,

^Egilops,

see

Colic, symptoms

iii,414.

Farro,

or

the

of personsinjuredby,i,49.
tion,
Collyria,varieties of, and their composi-

Cold,

Succory, its characters

Gum

or

medicine,

used

of, i,

treatment

Cockle,
Coeloma,

Margravius, 490.

to

seq.

Chondrile,
as

iii,489;

symptoms

et

ancient, i,57.

as
Saffron, its powers
Cnicus, or
dote
antiused
178
a medicine,
as
an
iii,
;
to poisons, ibid ; its general uses
in medicine,
iii,175.
of poisoning
Coagulated MOk, treatment

delicacy by

of,and list according

Cholagogues, nature
Mesue,

the

of, in medicine, iii,192.

of, ii, 114.

to

enlarged,

Cocoa-nut, its charactei's as a mechcine,

iii,438.
a
as
Cochlese, or White
Snails, esteemed

Alsine.

Chilblains, treatment
Chironian

of,

treatment

Cicer.

see

of

by, ii,231.

food, i, 138.
Chickweed, see
Chickpea,

Field-basil,its medicinal

or

iii,178.

Bastard

Chemosis,

their

iii,177.

ii,381, 382.

iii,382.

Chesnuts,

its medicinal

Virgin'sBower,

or

; on

484.

Clitoris, sursjical treatment

Cheese, varieties of, and their characters

in
in dietetics, i, 155,
156; its uses
medicine,

of, ii,447, 450

of, ii,482,

Clinopodium

Yitex.

see

Clematis,
uses,

626-28.
iii,

measures,

fractures

Cla^icle,on

iii,410.

410,412.
Characters

its virtues

Fig,

its characters

Chameljea,

of

article

an

as

as

food, i, 137.
of, i,
Clavus, or Corns, on the treatment
678 ; of the feet,treatment
of, ii,416,

iii,409.

in medicine,

its characters

Citron,

\"irtues

its

or
Rock-rose,
medicine, iii,174.

uses

medicine, iii,407.
or
Chamomile, its uses in
medicine, iii,408.
Pine, its virtues
Chamajpitys, or Ground
or

its

iii,173.

powers,

372.

in

in medicine,

or

Cistus

Chamaemelmu,

Chamffisyce,

Circsea,

Circumcision, description of the operation,

ii,349, 350.
of, ii,370,
Circocele, surgical treatment

cine,
medi-

iii,410.
medicine,

iii,172.

powers,

Quiiiquefolium.
Enchanter's
Nightshade,

medicinal

medicine,

iii,407.

Chamjedrys,

uses

iii,171.

its medicinal

Cinnamon,

its

Sanguis Draconis,

or

medicine,

Cinquefoil,see

iii,399-401.
ii, 208

i, 113.

Cinnabaris

iii, 402.

disquisition on,

Chalcanthos,

it

of determining what
Cinara, difficulty

eyelid,surgicaltreatment

of, ii,275.

powers,

Congius, see Weights.

Contagion, history of
i, 284, 288.'
on,
Continued

or

and

ancient

Synochous

treatment

opinions

Fevers, symptoms

of, i, 256.

GENERAL

636

INDEX.

epistleof, to Antigonus, i, 183

DiocLES,
remarks

186.

on,

different

in

uses

Echium,
its medicinal

powers,

Eye,

the

of, i,

treatment

disease

Ectropion, symptoms

423.

Eel, its characters

Diudar, an Indian pine described

by the
Arabians, iii,450, 451.
in health,
for persons
Diuretics, officinal,
i, 54.
Dock, or Runiex, noticed as an article of
See Lapathum.
food, i, 115.
cinal
Brassica
canina, its mediDogsbane, or
properties, iii,48.

Dog-rose,

Hip-tree,its

or

cine,
medi-

in

iii,203.
the

Dorcas,

reckoned

its flesh

delicious, i, 148

and

from, i, 212, 216, 221.

modern
opinions regarding,

named

Dorycnium,
ii, 225

its medicinal

as

uses,

iii,96.

Dragon-herb,
pot-herb, i, 114;

Dracunculus,

or

its characters

its medicinal

virtues,iii,97.
Drachm,

Weights.

see

Dropaces,

Calefacient

or

Plasters, composition

of, iii,581, 587.

et seq. ;
of, i, 569
of, see Paracentesis.
in medicine, iii,
of Silver, its uses

Dropsy, treatment
surgicaltreatment
106.

of

treatment

Dryinus,
ii, 181,

persons

stung by,

182.
its

Oak-fern,

Dryopteris, or

medicinal

virtues, iii,97.

Dung,

its

as

an

article of

food,

Weights,
in

uses

and

treatment

of,

and

treatment

of,

i, 505, "c.

of, i, 517.

Dysuria, treatment

characters
as
given by the
the
authorities,i, 144 ; how
ancients
preserved them, ibid. ; their
in medicine,
uses
iii,422.
medicinal
its
Elaphoboscus,
iii,
powers,
104.

239,

on

the

diseases

of, i, 437

Eagle-stone,or ^Etites,its
the

uses

et

seq.
in medicine,

medicinal, of the

or

Toadflax, its medicinal

iii,104.
Elbow, on

dislocations

uses

Ebeny, its medicinal

Ecchymosis, treatment

powers,

the, ii, 489-

at

492.
in
Elder, two speciesof, and their uses
30.
medicine, iii,
cine,
Elffiomeli,nature
of, and its uses in medi-

iii,102.
Electrum, or Amber,
iii,129.

its medicinal

uses,

its uses
in medicine, iii,105.
of its hoofs
in medicine,
Elephant, use
iii,106.
and
treatment
Elephantiasis, symptoms
of, ii, 1-14 ; probably the original of
syphilis, 14; still prevalent in certain
countries, 15.

Elecampane,

Elechrysum,
in

or

Shrubby Everlasting,its

medicine, iii,109.

Elm, its medicinal

iii,312.
powers,
Emaciation, on the treatment
of, i, 82or

ancients,

of, in medicine,
iii,98, 99.
of, ii,87.

powers,

Embryulcia, description

of the

operation, ii, 387-392.

Emery, description of, and its
medicine, iii,226.
administration
the
Emetics, on

See

Menstrual

Emphysema,
Empetrum,

uses

in

of, iii,

or

"c.

Discharge.

symptoms
;

of, i, 612,

account

and

treatment

of,

of the

eyes, i,412, 426.

Black-berried
Heath,

its

medicine, iii,100.
Emplastic medicines, descriptionof,iii,7.
and
Encanthis, symptoms
treatment
of,
i, 430, "c. ; surgical treatment
of, ii,
uses

the

iii,

powers,

103.

ii,84, 86

iii,83, 85.

Earthworms,
iii,85.

poisoning by, ii,

503-510.

iii,227.
Earths,

of

its medicinal

2i0;

Emmenagogues,
Ear,

food,

their

Embryotomy,

i, 513, "c.

Dysentery, symptoms

article of

an

84.

medicine, iii,186.

Dyspepsia, symptoms

as

ment
general treatment
surgical treat-

dietetical

uses

its characters

i, 143.
Duella, see

Eggs,

Elatine,

pulse

ment
treat-

eye,

i, 160.

102,

Gazelle,

"wholesome

the

and

Elaterium, treatment
uses

of

of, i, 413, 427

of, ii,427.

Dictamnus.

Dittany, see

medicinal

of, i, 422, 436.

Distaff-thistle,see Atractylis.
Dislocations, see Luxations,

Duck,

Viper'sBugloss,its

or

their

properties, iii,122.

Ecpiesmus,

iii,95.

Dross

kinds
of, and
medicine, iii,121.

Echinos,
in

medicine, iii,95.

Dipsacus, or Teasel,
of

stung by,

ii, 177-180.

Diospolites,composition of, iii,519.

of Brass, its uses
Diphryges, or Husk

Disorder

of persons

Echidna, treatment

276.

in

INDEX.

GENERAL
Endive,

its characters

food, ii,113; its

as

of

article

an

medicine, iii,

in

uses

ii,372, 377.

Ephemeral

and

Fevers, symptoms

222

of

same

the

as

hermodactylus

poisoning hy,

its medicinal

and

colchicum

powers,
"c.
in

medicinal

its

in

of

Hellebore, its
of

Erinos,

its

Water-basil,

or

its

medicinal

Rocket, its virtues in medicine,

or

Eryngo,
Erysipelas,symptoms
ii,65-70

iii,132.

uses,

and

tlie

on

of,

treatment

cations
liquidappli-

of

use

for, 70 ; of the brain, i, 365

i, 602.
Erysipelatous Fevers, on the treatment
of, i, 269 et seq.
of the

its medicinal

Hedge-mustard,

or

iii,117.

uses,

Erythrodanum,

or

its medicinal

Madder,

iii,116.

uses,

ii, 241

its

Eupatorium,

of,i,345
ii,37-39.

respecting,and
iii,1

its

18.

head, and

symptoms

and

treatment

of,

treatment

of, ii,47.

treatment

those

or

Umbilical

general

by

on

of

tural,
preterna-

powers,

iii,103,

Fistula Lachrymalis, see

^gilops.
Fishes, their characters as articles of food,
i, 157 et seq.
Fissures
of the uterus, i,645, "c. ; of the

feet, 176

ment
treat-

Fleawort,
ii,211.

fractures

the

on

Forceps,
i, 650

in
;

diseases

of, i, 409

of, i,452.

at

midwifery

great

poisoning by,
the, ii,470.
to Avicenna,

known

found

one

ii,405.

reckoned

of

in the

house

of

an

Porapei, 652.

at

of

account

of

food, i,

their

ences,
differ-

articles

as

139, cS:C.
see

V'ulpes.

Fractures,

of, and

account

ii,427-478

Hippocratica, description of, i,

190,191.

anus,

treatment

Friar's

Cowl,

the

wound,

its medicinal
the

on

; of

with

complicated
Frankincense,

the affections

of the

Flamingo, its tongue

delicacy,i,143.

Freckles

Facies

of, i,347.

treatment

of,ii, 129, "c.;

Fistula, general treatment
of, 396-399.
surgicaltreatment

Fox,
Hernia,

et seq.

Face,

upon,

104.

of, ii,340-342.
the

of, i,

Clinopodium.

ii,331.
Fir-tree, its medicinal

Fowls,
used

ancients, i, 20-27.

on

and

Fici,symptoms
Field-basil,see

Foot,

of the

description of

Exomphalos,
Eye,

medicine, iii,312.

in

uses

obstetrix

Excoriations,
Exercises,

poisoning by,

medicine, iii,119.

in

uses

doubts

in medicine,

uses

Exanthemata

of

treatment

Euphorbium,

the

anus,

Erysimum,

in medicine,

uses

Fingers,surgicaltreatment

iii, 118.
its medicinal

iii,373.

powers,

Leaven, its

or

article of food,
an
as
Fig, its characters
i, 129, 132; green figs,their medicinal
iii,272 ; ripe figs,362, 363.
uses,
cine,
in mediFilix,or Female
Fern, its uses
iii,136.

iii,114.

powers,

Eruca,

Thyme,

Heath.

see

its medicinal

Fermentum,

and
treatment
symptoms
ancient
authorities
187-335;

uses

of, ii,294.

Epulis, surgical treatment

Erica,

242.
iii,
medicine,

in

uses

187.

Dodder

or

its

Fevers,

medicine, iii.111.

in

uses

in medicine,

Giant,

Fern, its

medicine, iii,112.

Epithymum,

seq.
uses

iii,126.
of, i,457;

of, i, 325.

Bastard

Epipactis,or

its

of,

treatment

iii,265.

treatment

treatment

in fevers, treatment

Fennel,

et

Fenugreek,

uses,

Epistaxis, general

and

Flux, symptoms

i, 617
Fennel,

iii,112.
and
Epinyctis, symptoms
the disease, ii,39, 40.

stood,
under-

well

not

448.
iii,

Female

medicine, iii.111.
Epimelis, or Crab-tree,

probably

of,ii, 97-99.

treatment

medicine

Arabic

an

medicine,

iii,454.

and

Favi, nature
Fel,

iii,119.

Epidemic diseases, account of,i,273,

Epimedium, or Barrenwort, its uses

Arabic

an

catechu,

areca

treatment

or

i,123 ; its virtues in medicine, iii,123.

Farro, seeChondrus.
inmedicine, iii,354,355.
Fats, their uses
Faufel,

ment
treat-

of, i, 225, 235.

Ephemeron,

substance
Fagre, a medicinal
the
456.
Arabians,
iii,
by
Spelt, its dietctical characters,

or

described

Far,

319.
ment
Enterocele, descriptionand general treatof,
of, i, 589 ; surgicaltreatment

ii,

Fagara

637

see

face, remedies

skull, 429

472.

uses,

iii,217.

for,i,452.

Arisarum.

Friction, the i)reparatory described, i,19;

different

kinds

of, 28.

GENERAL

638

Frog,

used

not

as

of

article

an

INDEX.

food

by

aucieiits, i, 166 (misspelt rog) ;

in medicine, see Raua.
uses
Fructus
Fruits, their
horeei, or Summer

Glaucium,

the

of
Fucus

their

articles

characters

as

food, 1,120, "c.

marinus, or Sea-weed,

its

FuUgo,

in

uses

Soot, its medicinal

or

Fumaria,

Fumitory, its medicinal

or

uses,

iii,159.
and

Furunculus, symptoms
ii,73-75.

Gagate,

Jet, used

or

i, 380

as

of,

treatment

of

test

its virtues

Milkwort,

or

Gluten, or
iii,181.

iii,

its medicinal

of, and

account

its medicinal

Glue, its

uses,

uses

in

Liquorice, its

medicine,
medicinal

its medicinal
or
Cudweed,
89.
iii,
powers,
article
Goat's-flesh, its characters
as an
of food, i, 148.
Goat's-horn, its uses in medicine, iii,166.
Godwit, probably the attagen of the ancients,

i, 140

medicine, iii,433.
in medicine, iii,398.
Galiopsis,its medicinal
uses, iii,81.
Galium, its medicinal
uses, iii,80.
413.
in medicine, iii,
Gall, or Bile, its uses
uses

Galls,

or

medicinal

uses,

by Alexander
Haly Abbas,

Tral-

their

iii,168.
noticed

Gall-stones,

lian, i, 566

by

and

and treatment
of,ii,50,
Ganglion, nature
51 ; surgicaltreatment
of, 317, 318.
and
Gangrene, or Sphacelus, symptoms
its

uses

description
used

Dorcas,

or

on

organs,
the best

of

the

ration,
ope-

the

for

food, i, 148.
of,i,600 ;

diseases

authority on, 604.

82.
in medicine, iii,
Gentian, its uses
of, iii,226.
Geodes, account
Cranebill, its medicinal
or
Geranium,
uses, iii,83.
or
Chama;drys, its uses in
Germander,
medicine, iii,406.
Gilbenee,

or

Cerbera

into

as

an

uses,

See

and

treatment

of,

Gordylium,

see

an

article of food,

Tordylium.

article of food, i,
as
an
182.
127, 128 ; its medicinal
uses, iii,
and
treatment
Gout, varieties
of, i,

Gourd,

of

use

657-676.

Gramen,

or
Grass, see Agrostis.
Gnidium, account
of,and its uses
in medicine, iii,179.
Granum
tinctorum, iii,180.
Granum
Kelkel, iii,466.

manghas,

medicine,

Gilt-head, its characters

food, i, 165.

its introduction

iii,467.
as

an

article of

i,163.
Gum, its medicinal

qualitiesas

an

cle
arti-

powers,

iii,184.

of
White, treatment
Gypsum, or Mineral
writers
poisoning by, ii,233 ; modern
on
toxicology have overlooked, 234;

Gyris,
used

as

or

91.
a medicine, iii,
as
Pollen, its medicinal
powers,

iii,91.

uses,

Haematite,
uses

of its

food, i, 132.
in medicine,
Grape-stones, their uses
iii,86.
Gromwel, see Lithospermum.
Ground-ivy, or Chamsecissos, its uses in
medicine, iii,407.
Ground-poplar, or Chamaeleuce, its uses
in medicine, iii,407.
Groundsel, see Senecio.
article of food,
Gudgeon, used as an

its characters

Ginger, see Zingiber.

Gingidium, or Toothpick Fennel,
a pot-herb, i, 113
; its medicinal
iii,86.
Gith, or Nigella, its

account

of

ii,342-345.
Gazelle,

Tiunip, its medicinal

Turnip.

or

of as
Goose, characters
i,143.
Goose-foot, see Botrys.

Grape,

of, ii,59-61.
in medicine, iii,345.

Gastrorapbe,

after

Granum

others, 586.

treatment

sought

ibid.

Gonorrhoea, symptoms

into

its

Galbanum,

much

of its introduction i, 593.

account

Galanga,

or

food,

article of

iii,90.

iii,222.

powers,

Galangal,

Celsus

disease, i,

iii,88.

Gongylis,

Genital

the

iii,87.

epilepsy,

medicine,

iu

225.

Galactites,

Garlic,

of

account

Gnaphalium,

iii,56.

Gallaj,

its medicinal

421-434.

uses,

powers,

Poppy,

iii,87.

Glycyrrhiza, or

iii,397.

medicine,

Glaucoma,

Glaux,

characters, i,128.
Frumentacea,

Horned

or

uses,

in

medicine,

iii,245.
of the
ancient, and
Glass, account
in medicine, iii,383, 384.
uses

its

or

Bloodstone,

haemoptysis,i. 489

its

medicine, iii,200, 222.

described
Haematemesis,
i, 515.

its

use

general uses

in
in

by Actuarius,

GENERAL

Ilacmorrhus,

on

the treatment

by, ii,183-185;

stung

viper,185.
Hager Albuzecb,

INDEX.

of persons
the

of, i, 603
ii. 382, 383

Arabian

mechcine,

Arabian

medicine,

an

an

corneolus,

Lapis

of, iii,476.

account

the

on

of, i, 337,

diseases

"c.

its

in medicine,

iii,380.

fish, noticed
writers, i, 165.

by

uses

the

Halimus,

food, i,1 13
iii,32.

Hand

and

Fingers,

its

used

as

an

in medicine,

uses

general
Heart, temperaments
i, 94

et

seq.

; on

fractures

on

of

the

of, 350.
afl'ections

treatment
Hearing, difficult,

of, 501.

of, i, 440.

Heath, its medicinal

i, 113.
powers,
Hectic
treatment
and
Fevers, svmptoms
of, i, 266, "c.'
in medicine, iii,
Hedera, or hy, its uses
175.

of, 494.

Herpes,

iii,510.

species of, i,589,

and

symptoms

Hiccup,
Hierae,

of in

treatment

the

on

the

Black,

on

poisoning by the White, ii, 239 ; their

in medicine, iii, 107 ; modes
of
uses
administering the White, 503 et seq. ;
Bastard, see Epipactis.
cinal
Heliotropium, or Sunflower, its mediHemlock,
"c.

iii,128.

effects

Socrates, 212;

of

poisoning by, ii,

of

in

its

of,

fevers, i,321.
500-3.
of, iii,

composition

and

Hip-joint, symptoms
dislocations

its

the
in

uses

case

of

medicine,

iii,206.

of its bones,

ii,454,

its

i,448, and ii,127, "c.

in fevers, i,326.

of
tures
frac-

on

455.

medicinal

powers,

iii,143.
its

Hippolapathum,

in

uses

medicine,

or
Horse-fennel, its
medicine, iii,143.
iii,144.
Ilippophaes,its medicinal
uses,
cinal
Hippopotamus, or Sea-horse, its mediuses, iii,144.

Hippomarathmni,
in

uses

Hipposehnum,

Horse-parsley,its

or

in

Horse's-tail,its uses
iii,144.
Holostium, its medicinal
powers,
its

178

its

uses

from

treating,
the

nose

medicinal

its

French,

lupulus, its medicinal

by Mesne, iii,471.
and
Stye, symptoms

humulus

or

stated

as

powers,

Hordeolum,

or

of, i, 414, 427.

Horehound,
Horon, or

Marrubium.

see

disquisitionon,

Bombax,

See

471.

iii,

also Cotton.

Poppy,

see

Glaucium.

of Brass, its medicinal

uses,

iii,95.

Sec

Diphrjges.
Hyacinth, the herb,
iii,382, 383

its

the gem,

uses

its

in
uses

medicine,
cine,
in medi-

475.

Hydatids,
and
564

of

274.
iii,
food, i,

of

iii,128.

powers,

Husk

dicine,
me-

medicine, iii,246.

in

uses

article

an

as

Honeysuckle,
Hops,

dicinal
me-

iii,144.

uses,

Horned

Hemina, see Weights.

Hemerocallis, or Lily of the Valley, its
in medicine, iii,131.
uses
and treatment
Hemicrania, symptoms
of,
i, 355, "c.
its medicinal
Hemionitis, or Moonfem,
131.
iii,
uses,

Hemiplegia, see Apoplexy.

Hemorrhage, ancient modes

in

uses

treatment

at, ii, 498-504

Hippocampus,

treatment

treatment

"c.

treatment

medicine, iii,227.

Honey,

Hellebore, the "WTiite and

uses,

their

of, and

account

ii,381.

treatment,

Hippuris, or

Hedge-mvtstard, see Erysimum.

the
on
Hedychroum,
composition of,

211,

in gout, i, 660,
use
medicine, iii,1 14 ; preparation

its
in

uses

iii,143.

physiology of,

and
the

in

uses

quotidian, i,

Hieracites, descriptionof, and

bones
of, ii,465, 466.
of as an article of food,
Hare, characters
i, 149.
in medicine, iii,
166.
Hartshorn, its uses
Heads, their medicinal
iii,167.
uses,
of in fevers,ii,301 ;
Headache, treatment
treatment

its

Hermaphrodites,

cient
an-

of

species

their

ii, 61.

Sea-pursiane,

or

article of

of, and

iii,386.

Hernia, different

several

of,

treatment

anus,

252.

251,
"c.

compositions for dyeing, 342 ; hair and

nails said to grow
after death, 345
Hake,

varieties

Hermodactylus,

Isicia.

see

ment
general treatof,
surgicaltreatment

of the

medicine,

Hepialus,
or

Womb,

403.

Henbane,

iii,477.
Salachil,
Hager

Hair,

of the

Hemorrhoids

of
vai'iety

iii,476.

Hager xVlcazaha,

Haggis,

639

described

Rhases,
;

of the

removal

of, ii,271.
list of, and

Hvdragogues,

"iii,
492.

by Aretacus, Galen,
; by Hippocrates,
eyelids,operation for the
i, 574

their

action,

640

GENERAL

Hydrargynis, see Mercury.

Hydrocephalus, surgical treatment

INDEX.
Infancy, diseases
of,

'ii,
250-253.

Infants,

for, ii,365-368.

ii,127

treatment,

Hvdropiper,

Inflammation

i, 410

its

of

et

and

modes

ef

iii,

385.

seq.
of the

stung bv,

persons

186.

stomach, symptoms
of

the

description

of

the

ancient,

for

operations

Intermitting pulse,characters

medicine, iii,388.

Hypocistis,

its

iii,

389.
its

in

uses

medicine,

iii,389.
Bruised

or

of,

Spots, treatment

452.
'i,

Hj'popyon

of the

general treatment
of,
surgicaltreatment

eye,

of, i, 417, "c.

Imperforate Glans,

or

Hyposphagma
1,412, "c.

146.
Ischiatic

disease, symptoms

Isicia, an

the

ration,
ope-

of the

eves,

of,

treatment

Isopyrum

iii,148.

uses,

inquiry

what

and

disease

its

it

ii,70-78.

inquiry what

disease

it was,

ii, 68.
and

of, i,

treatment

539, "c.

women,

383,384;

anus,

of,

treatment

treatment

used

of

article

an

of

of, and

account

iii, 146-7.

poisoning by, ii, 221

the

was

its

CarUna

of, 405.

447

acaulis, ibid.

misapplied by the Arabians, 21, "c.

for removing, i, 46,
Impotence, means

medicine,

dislocations

; on

iii, 221,

probably

of,

treatment

lower, ii, 445,

of, 479,

"c.

species of jasminum,

iii,458.

Stone, its medicinal

iii,

powers,

221, 223.
characters
;

the

are

articles

as

serica

of

of

Galen,

ibid.

Juniper,

by Celsus, ii, 19;

in

uses

Jujubes, their
food, i, 137

auditorius,treatment

pudendum,

term

pregnant

foetus, i, 2, 3.

meatus

of, ii, 288

Impetigo,

of, in

influence
the

as

and
Jaundice, svmptoms
i, 580.
of the
Jaw, on fractures

Judaic

on

tion,
composi-

223.

Jesemin,

Imperforate

used

in medicine,

treatment

probably
Jasper,

it was,
root, inquiry what
in medicine, iii,140.

Imagination,

ment
treat-

i, 582.

term,

Jaundice

Ileus, s\'mptoms

their

Bogbean,

or

its virtues

Ignis Persicus,

of, and

account

not
Isinglass-fish,

Ixia,

was,

and

food, i, 162.

Ichthyocolla,its medicinal
Icterus, etymology of the

Ignis sacer,

the

on

i, 171.

ii,256-258.

uses

of, i, 220.
of, ibid.
treatment
of, i,

Inula, see Elecampane.

in medicine,
Iris,varieties of, and their uses
iii,145-6.
in medicine, iii,334.
Iron, its uses
Isatis or
"Woad, its medicinal
iii,
uses,

of, ii,347.

Hypospathismus, descriptionof

Idaean

pulse, characters

of, i, 682, "c.

Hypospadiaeum,

See

ment
treat-

43.

ii,279, 280.
treatment

skull,

of, i, 101.

Intoxication,
medicine,

in

uses

Hypoglossum,
Hvpopia,

the

on

ii, 434.

Intercurrent

in

uses

the

ancients, i,503, 567.

Hypericum,

its

iii,

243-4.

Intemperaments, description and

of, and

and

womb,

of, 632.

treatment

in medicine,
iii,388.
Hypecoum.its
uses
Hypercatharsis. treatment
of,iii,499.
account

of,

treatment

eyes,

of, i, 514;

treatment

Instruments
of

treatment

the

Inspectiones cadaverum, practisedby

seq.
in
medicine,

uses

of

et

Inflation

Ink,

Hydrophobia, history

'ii,
185,

of, i, 8

management

et seq.

of its uses
and modes
Hydromel, account
of preparing,i, 179.
Hydrops uteri, described by Hippocrates,
See Dropsy.
i, 573.
Hydrocele, description of the operation

Hvdrus,

of, i, 10-12.

the

on

varieties

of

used

in

medicine,

iii,50, 164.

Jusculum,

or
Broth,
iii,126.

its medicinal

perties,
pro-

599.

Impostors

in the

profession,account

ii,245.
Incubus, svmptoms
388, "c'.

Indigestion,on

the

of,

Kadi,

an

Arabian

medicine,

account

of,

iii,460.
and

treatment

treatment

of, i,

of, i, 44.

the, iii,453-4

Karabe,

disquisitionon
probably not amber
ibid

as

generallysupposed,

GENERAL

Kidneys, on
"c.

ness

the

of the,

diseases

Lentes,

i, 541,

of, 546, 555

hemorrhage
of, 546, 556.

medicine
Kustberkush, an Arabian
Tamarix
orientaHs, iii,467.

used

Lettuce,

or

lency by Galen, i, 182,

iii,137, 138.

uses,

Ladanum,

its

medicine, iii,208.

in

uses

Lagophthalmos,

Hare-eye,

or

Lagopus, its uses in medicine, iii,208.

Lampsana, or Nipplewort, its medicinal

i, 366,

Lamprey,

of

food, i, 165.
or
Wool,

article

an

medicinal

its

Lana,

as

of

iii,

uses,

113.
or
Dock, its medicinal
uses,
iii,210.
477.
Lapis Lazuli, its medicinal
uses, iii,
See Cyanus.
of, iii,227.
Lapis Ljmcnrius, account
of, iii,351.
Lapis Specularis,account
as
a
Lappa, or Cleavers, its characters

used
;

as

article

an

Aral)ians

of

iii,

uses,

193.

Laryngotomy, descriptionof

the

ment,
of, and their treati, 30-6.
its uses,
Lathvris, a species of spmge,

Lily,its

Bay-tree.
Broom.

acquainted with

237,
qualities,

238

medicine, iii,255.
Leaf, the Malabathrum,
iii,397.

or

Leaven,

see

Leeches,

in

uses

Cassia-leaf,

of persons

treatment

who

have

380.
on

of

probably

the, ii,469.
the

Mussaenda

said

III.

by

wounds

of

of,

in

arteries,

medicine, iii,196.

See

of

treatment

its

uses

poisoning by, ii,

in

medicine,

iii,

Limpets,

Tellinae.

see

Sea Lavender, its uses

Limonium,
medicine, iii,211.
Liniments, composition of, iii,581-7

in

or

the

and

anus

navel, 502, 503

to

to

the

iii,230.
of the fever,iii,252.
Liquorice,see Glycyrrhiza.
of poisoning by, ii,
Litharge,treatment

LipjTia, account

its uses

in

fron-

i, 549

medicine, iii,219.
views

regarding,

et seq.

Lithospermum,
have

to

Avicenna,!, 137
described

treatment

ancient
Lithontriptics,

dosa, iii,467.
Lemon,

in

uses

236, 237
fractures

Lehibach,

and

and throat, 541, 544.

mouth
used as an article of
Linseed, sometimes
cine,
food, i, 127 ; its characters
as
a medi-

Fermentum.

swallowed, ii, 207, "c. ; on bleeding

of, 328, "c.
by means
Leek, see Porrura.
Lees of Wine, their uses
in medicine, iii,

Leg,

cine,
in medi-

uses

380.

its deleterious
it

of

235, 236

in health, i, 54.
persons
of poisoning by, ii,237
Lead, treatment
well

authors

ancient

what

Nymphtea.

Lime,

Butcher's

see

to

ancients

impetigo,26

ii,130.
under

Laxatives

the term

described, ibid.
Lichen, the vegetable,its
iii,211.

Ligature,use

iii,"
209.
Herba,

under

i, 520, "c.

Lassitude, varieties

Laurus

iii,215.

powers,

Lientery,^symptoms

tion,
opera-

ii,303-5.

Lauriis, see

of,

treatment

33.

tropicus, by

its medicinal

and

and
treatment
of,
Leucoma,
symptoms
431.
i,418,
Lichen, descriptionof the disease, ii,24
"c. ; tendency to pass into lepra and
by the
scabies, 25, 26 ; described

iii,47.

Lark, sometimes
food, i, 141

in

uses

in
Leucacantha, or White-thorn, its uses
medicine, iii,214.
Leuce, description of the disease, ii,
31, 32; the snow-white
leprosy of
with
the Jews, 32 ; mixed
tiasis,
elephan-

Lapathum,

medicine,

uses,

"c.

its medicinal

Leucas,

iii,209,
account

Leaf, its

Lion's

used by Celsus, 19.

Lethargv, symptoms

treatment

of, ii,266.

powers,

their

medicine, iii,212.
in
Lepidium, or Pepperwort, its uses
medicine, iii,212.
ment
and treatLepra, or Leprosy, symptoms
of, ii,16, "c. ; term
lepra not

cinal
its medi-

iii,392.

Lentisk, its medicinal

or

Leontopetalon,or

insomno-

in

183

Lentiscus,
iii,365.

the

ally
especi-

Egyptians, i, 126

in medicine,

uses

of food,

articles

as

the

by

Kingspear, see AsphodeUis.

Knapweed, see Stcebe.

Lactuca,

Weights.

see

Lentils, used

hard

641

INDEX.

"

Ebn

been

statement

noticed
corrected

Baithar,iii,472.

by
;

as

ters
or
Gromwel, its characmedicine, iii,229.

Lithotomy, history of ancient

on, ii,354-63.

41

opinions

INDEX.

GENERAL

642

Liver, physiology of, i,98

560

et

and

uses

of

seq ;
ai'ticle of food,

and

or

Lizard, its

iii,328.
article of food, i,143

an

as

Lonchitis,
Looseness

of in

bowels, treatment

food, i, 138
the

an

as

medicinal

the

as

et

powers

of

kinds

of, i,

treatment

physiology of,

and

et seq. ; their

i, 83

medicine,

in

uses

inferior article of

food, i,127

as
given by Galen,
medicine, iii,136.

its characters
in

uses

Luxations,

fatal, 481,
wound,

482

509;

Burton

and

respecting,390.
of,
Lycium, account

of the

Mead's

disease,

opinions

of, i,

treatment

of

account

the

different

iii,443-45.
cine,
in medi-

uses

iii,473.
Amaracus.

see

its

Marrow,

in

uses

iii,257.

medicine,

its characters

Horehound,

or

in medicine, iii,309.
Masticatories, on the composition of, i,

Campion,

or

its virtues

and

in

its

in

uses

cine,
medi-

Hound's-tongue,

medicine, iii,234.
Stone, its uses

Lvdian

in

its

uses

medicine,

in

iii,

'327.
Lixivia.

Lyes, see
Lysimachium,

Meadow

Rue,

Meadow

Saffron, see

Meals

of the

see

Thalictrum.

Hermodactylus.

its medicinal

powers,

iii,

Diets,

of, i, 330.

of bodies

from,

289-91.

account
Meconium,
of, iii,250.
as
a medicine, iii,
Medium, its characters

249.

IMedlars, their characters

food, i, 135.
Meisce, or Mes, account

Meizaragi, the

235.

See

ancients, i. 108.

history
of those used by
Measures, full account
the ancients, iii,609-27.
Meatus
auditorius, imperforate,ii, 288 ;
extraction

iii,235.

Lycopsis, or

in medicine, iii,423.
Mastich, its uses
I\Iasucha, composition of, iii,601.
Maudlin, see Ageratum.
Materia
Medica, list of ancient authorities
iii,3.
upon,
Maza, how
prepared, i,124.

ileasles, ancient

iii,234.

medicine,

Lychnis,

with

comphcated

fracture, 510, 511.

Lycanthropia, description
;

et

479-82;

jaw,

ibid.

seq. ; of
sometimes

of, ii,478

account

lower

i, 389

of
in

uses

59, 60.

iii,304.
Lupine, an

the

and

of manna,

Marrubiiim,

Lungs, temperaments

its

seq.

iii,125

medicine, iii,

iii,238.

Thuris, description of, i, 451,

and

391.

its

383

Marjoram,
and

syTnptoms

of, ii, 244.

potherb, i,112

iii,240.

symptoms

of

219.

Love,

Margaritae,or Pearls, their

its characters

in

uses

of, iii,239.
]\landrake, treatment

account

article

herb, iii,236.

Lovage,

as

in medicine,

Mamira,

Manna
of

account

characters

uses

Mania,

fevers,i, 324.
Lotus-tree,

detection

the

Malingerers, on

medicine,

uses

iii,233.

of the

its

medicine, iii,237.

Mandragora,
poisoning by, ii,218, 219;

Rough Spleenwort, its

or

in medicine,

of, and

account

or

Darnel.

see

medicine,

of, iii,294.

parts, treatment

Malabathrum,

its

iii,30.

in medicine,

Maimed

Mallows,

iii,184.

in medicine,

uses

Locust, used
Lolium,

properties

its

propertiesas

its

Maiden-hair,

iii,22.

an

as

their uses,

used

used

medicine, iii,131.
the treatment
of, i, 39.
of the ancient,
Lyes, account
as

Lividity, on
Lixivia,

151

of,

affections

animals

as

article of

of, iii,464.
Indicus, its

Cocculus

uses

in

Mace, improperly identified with Macer,

436-38.
in medicine,
436 ; its uses
iii,
Macer, conjectures respecting,iii,237.
of its qualitiesfrom
Mackerel, account
Xenocrates,
i,162.
Mad

Dogs,

Madarosis,

see
or

Hydrophobia.
Milphosis, treatment

of,

i, 415, 429.
Madder, see Erythrodanum.
Madwort, see Alysson.

Magnet,
and

Mahaleb,

opinions regarding the,

ancient

its

uses

what

medicine, i, 225.
it probably was, iii,458.

in

medicine, iii,460.
and
Melas, symptoms

an

16

the

treatment

of, ii,

Lepra nigricansof Willan, 23,

"c.
and treatment
Melancholv, symptoms
of,
i, 380, "c.
Melaena, noticed
by Actuarius, i, 515.
Melca, a preparation from milk, i, 155.
Ust of, and
theu* action,
^'Telanogogues,
iii,491.
in
Melanteria, account
of, and its uses
'

medicine, iii,244.

Melilot,its
247.

characters

as

medicine, iii,

GENERAL

644

Nightmare, see Incubus.

Nightingale,used as an

INDEX.

food,

i, 141.

Nipplewort,

Lampsana.

see

cinal
ancient, and its medi-

of the

Nitre, nature

iii,231.

powers,

Onyx,

descriptionof,iii,62,

Nitri

spuuia,
Noises
in the

of

treatment

ears,

in
Cockshead, its uses
or
medicine, iii,276.
its medicinal
Ononis, or
Restharrow,
2
78.
iii,
powers,
in medicine, iii,275.
Onosma, its uses

Onobrychis,

article of

i, 433,

its

cine,
in medi-

uses

writers

ancient

upon,

ii,247.
diseases

on

Nutmeg,

of

the, i,446

tures
frac-

on

409, "c., 423.

of,iii,

of, iii,463.
account
of, iii,462.
iii,461.
cUsquisition
on,

account

Nux
Nux

Juglans

and

their

Avellana,

Ophiasis,

uses

uses

in

Nyctalopia, symptoms

of,

i, 134

'cine,
iii,268,

potherb, i,

in medi-

corrected

statement

scribed
de-

iii,472.

Arabians,

the

author,

by any ancient

noticed
this

"

by
Water-lily,its uses

as

114.

i, 420, 433.
or

iii,279-83.

characters

its

tion,
ac-

of its

particularaccount

in medicine,

Orache,

its

on
Poppy, disquisition

Orange, not
treatment

Hair.

see

see

ii,215;

medicine, iii,159.
and

in

its powers

medicine, iii,226.

Opium,

Mechil,
Methel,
Vomica,

of

treatment

Ophites,descriptionof, and

463.

Nymphsea,

and

Ophthalmv, symptoms

Mace.

see

Nurse, on the choice of, i,3, 4.

Nux
Henden, or Bauden, account

Nux

and

Operative surgery,

of the, ii, 443.

Nux

it was,

iii,277.

439.

Nose,

what

63.

properties,iii,286.
Holly-rose,its medicinal

Orchis, its medicinal

269.

Orobanche,

or

virtues, iii,285.
of

Oak, medicinal

powers
of, iii,98.

kinds

Oak-fern,
Oats,

see

their

the

different

Orthopnoea,

Dryopteris.

character

as

an

Os
article of

food,

i, 124.

of, i, 80.

treatment

Obesity,
Obolus, see Weights.
in medicine, iii,424.
Ocimoides, its uses
a
as
Ocyraum, or Basil, not esteemed
potherb, i, 115.
treatment
of, ii,
and
(Edema,
symptoms
83, 84."

iii,271.
ffinanthe, its medicinal
powers,
599.
5
98,
of,
iii,
CEnanthai'ia,description
in
orUuscoured
its
uses
Wool,
CEsypum,
medicine, iii,272.
the composition of, iii,589-98
Oils, on
;
their

medicinal

powers,

in medicine,

uses

see

Nerium.

its

or

Tree

uses,

iii,275.

Oneirogmon, symptoms

treatment

in

uses

medicine,

medicine, iii,226.

Marygold,

cinal
its medi-

iii,271.

Oxyacantha, its uses in medicine, iii,279.

Oxygal, a preparation from milk, i, 155.
by
Oxylipus, a species of bread described
i, 123.

Galen,

Oxymel

of

493.
Julian, composition of, iii,

Oysters, British, highly esteemed, i,169;

in medicine, iii,288.
their uses
Ozaena,

and

symptoms

different

of, i,

treatment

of,

i, 594.
Onion, its dietetical qualitiesas given by
cinal
various
authorities, i, 118; its medivirtues,iii,199.

kinds

of, and

in fevers, i, 296

treatment

how

to

be

characters
the

remedied,

of its

their

et seq.

i,39.
its

Paliurus, descriptionof, and

medicine, iii,290.

Unripe Grape,

iii,274.
Primrose, its medicinal
and

in

uses

African

or

Palpitationof

in medicine,

uses

uses,

Ostracites, its

Othonna,

Palm-tree,
of the

fevers,

iii,287.

Paleness,

100.

Onagra,

Toad-flax, its

or

in

over,

of, ii,455, 456.

fractiu-es

on

Pain, the

esteemed
Olive, gi-eatly
by the ancients,
its medicinal
iii, 99,
i, 135;
uses,

Olyra, see Spelt.

Omphacium, or Juice

ulceration

on

447-50."

100, "c.

Ointments, composition of, iii,589-98.

Old age, regimen suitable for, i, 36, 37.
Oleander, its effects as a poison, ii,242
its

i, 329

Asthma.

see

Sacrum,

Osiris,
the

on

Telephium.

Orpine, see

uses

in

fruit,i, 135.

heart, nature

and

ment
treat-

of, i, 502.
Panaces,

or

All-heal, the medicinal

of its different

uses

varieties, iii,290-92.

in
Pancratium, or Sea-daffodil, its uses
290.
medicine, iii,
of Erasistratus,
Panchrestos, a collvrium
i, 413.
see
Panic, a vaiiety of Millet, which
; its
medicinal
uses, iii,110.

GENERAL

Pap, descriptionof, and

its

INDEX.

Phalangia,

in medicine,

uses

645

its

Papyrus,

Paracentesis

description of,

abdominis,

ii,337.
Paralysis,
of the

medicine, iii,292.

in

uses

of, i, 392

treatment

bladder,

et

seq.

548.

Paraphimosis, descriptionand

in medicine,

its

the

disease, i,

medicinal

its

mountain, 284

Partridge, its

characters

powers,

stone, 298.

;
as

article of

an

food, i, 140.

of,i,455

treatment

its

marina,

in

uses

medicine,

the

Patella, on

fractures

Pea, characters

and

of, i, 127.

as

article

an

of

food

by Q. Hortensius, i,141.
doubtful

if

Persica

the

of

the

Pear,
i, 134.

its character

in
Mock
Privet, its uses
medicine, iii,394.
515.
Philo, antidote of, iii,
of, ii,347.
Phimosis, surgicaltreatment
Phimus
of the
treatment
of, ii,
womb,

Phlegm,

of

collections

Phlegmagogues,

stomach,

the

in

of, and

Ust

of

the

i, 364.
Phoenix, the herb
iii,393.
Phormium,
account

as

article of

an

food,

359

et

action,

their

Struthia,

Pear-quinces, or

in medicine,

uses

iii,251.
Pediculi

of
of

head,

the

treatment

eyebrows,

the

treatment

of, i,
of,

of,

and

of,

tree, account

396.
of,iii,
and

of,i,

treatment

its medicinal

221,223.
Phthisis, symptoms

of, i,

treatment

and

iii,

powers,

493; of the eyes, i, 420.

Phthiriasis,description of

disease,

the

i,30.

414,429.
Skin, its medicinal

Pellis, or

brain, treatment

seq.

Phrygian Stone,

uses,

94.
iii,

Pennyroyal, seePulegium.
Peplus and Peplium, their medicinal
ancient
;

uses,

opinions regarding

its uses,

rected
cor-

as

in

uses

disease

medicine, iii,398.

of pregnancy,

Pickled

Fishes,
Pickles, their uses
Picraof

Galen,

i, 2, 3.

of,i, 171.

account

in medicine,

iii,368.

of, iii,520.

account

Pigeon, its characters

iii,294, 295.

as

an

article of

food,

i, 140.

Peppermint, seeLepidium.
its characters

Phyllites,its
Pica,

iii,294.

article of

an

food,

Pike, the

lucius

of

ters,
Ausonius, its charac-

iii,161.

i, 163.

Perfumes, account
of, iii,599, 600.
its
in
medicine,
uses
Pcriclvmenon,
iii,296.

Periscyphismus, description
ii, 2.j9
of the

Perry, well
Persica,

flesh when

Phillyrea, or

Phrenitis, symptoms

ancients, i, 132.

issue

of their

for food, i, 141.

Phlegmon

of, ii,468.

varieties

first used

Peacock,

Perch,

fixed

iii,49.

iii,380.

Pepper,

substances

i, 51.

of, ii,294.

surgicaltreatment

poison,

383, 384.

Parulis,or Gum-boil,

349

of

treatment

nx,

used

of

Parsley, Marsh,

Peach,

this

opinions regarding

Pheasants, cbaracters

uses

iii,292.

treatment

Pastinaca

in

uses

in,'ii,302.

441-45.

its

medicine, iii,393.
Phalaris, its uses in medicine, iii,393.
of poisoning by, ii,
Pharicum, treatment

Phary

Parget, see Gypsum.

Paronychia, or see ^^^litlo\v.
Grass,
Paronychia, or Whitlow

iii,106

stung

persons

227.

of, ii, 348.

Parotis,

Spiders, symptoms
of

treatment

by, ii,169, 170.

Phalangites or Spiderwort,

226

treatment

Venomous

or

and

iii, 23.

similar

to

of the
"

the

ration,
ope-

long

scalp,"ibid.
to the

known

account

of

as

an

ancients,!,134.
article of food,

see

Hemorrhoids.

Pimpernel, see Anagallis.

Pine, fruit of, used as an article of food,
of the wild,
i, 132; medicinal
qualities
iii,207.
the Afraa\-is of
Pintada, or Guinea-fowl,
Horace, and the meleagris of yElian,
i,142.

Pistadiio-nut,

i, 133.

Perspiration, how

Piles,

to

render

fragrant,

1,38.
Pessaries, descriptionof, iii,601, 602.
Pctroselinou, sec Parsley.
or
Peucedannm,
Hog's FenueJ, its uses in
medicine, iii,298.

of

its characters

as

an

article

food, i, 136.

Pitch-tree, its

uses

in

medicine,

iii,

299, 300.

iii,303.
Pityusa,its medicinal
powers,
ment
Pityocampa, or Pine Caterpillar,treatof poisoningby, ii,205.

INDEX.

GENERAL

G4G

and

Pityriasis,
symptoms
345

of, i,

treatment

et seq.

Placenta,

of

treatment

retention

of, ii,

392-94.

of,from Ruffus, i,277 ;

history of the, i, 280 et seq.
in medicine, iii,303.
Plane-tree, its uses
Plantain, or Plantago, its medicinal
uses,
52.
iii,
Plasters, composition of, iii, 558-76 ;
emollient, composition of, 576-81.
and
treatment
of, i,
Pleurisy,symptoms

Plague, symptoms
ancient

496

et seq.

its medicinal

Plumbago,
Pneumatic

belonged

254.
iii,

powers,
medicine
;

sect, in

Powder

of

Prepuce,
ii,346
et

of, i,

treatment

seq.

Prickly Poppy, see Argemone.

in medicine, ii,205.
Privet, its uses
Procidentia

oculi, symptoms

and

ment
treat-

and

ment
treat-

of, i, 417-30.

ani, symptoms
of, 604.

and

symptoms

of,

treatment

of, i, 190
Prunus,

preservatives from, ii, 193 ;

talogue
of, 196 et seq. ; cageneral treatment
of, 200.

Polenta,

of

sort

from

prepared

malt

iii,305.
Solomon's

or

Seal, its

Knot-grass, its

or

dicinal
me-

iii,305.

powers,

Polygonum,

medicinal

Pruritus,

iii,307.
Polypody, its medicinal
powers,
ment
of the Nose, treatPolypus, or Sarcoma
of, i, 447-9 ; sm-gicaltreatment
of, 291-4.
its characters

Pomegranate,

given by

as

authorities,i, 134.

dietetical

Pompion, its characters

food, i, 127 ; its uses

article of

as

an

in

medicine, iii,
its

description of, and

iii,308.

the

meaning

Propoma,

Poplar,

of

the

term,

White,

its medicinal

uses,

iii,

medicine,
Bastard
or
Pseudo-dictamnus,
its uses
in medicine, ibid.
treatment
and
Psora, symptoms
16

poisoning by,
poisoning by horned

seq.;

226.

poppy,

uses

in

medicine, iii,249.

greatly esteemed
an

article

Porrum,
article

of

Leek,

or

of

by

the

ancients
Arabian

food, i, 147;

prejudiced against,ibid.

iiuthorities

its characters

food, i, 118

of, and

account

powers,

as

as

an

medicine,

Pondweed,

iii,309.

its medicinal

its uses

Dittany,
of, ii,

its

and

Psorophthalmia, symptoms

in

uses

treatment

of, i, 413-26.
Psydracia, description of, i, 345.
Psyllium, on
poisoning by, ii, 211
in medicine, iii,420, 421.
uses
Ptarmica,

its

Sneezewort,

or

in

uses

its

dicine,
me-

iii,311.
the

symptoms

eyes,

of, i, 418

et

seq.

of, 680-3

and

ment
treat-

of the

nails,

ment
surgical treat-

of, ii,275.
and

of, i,

treatment

415.
uses

of, i, 123,

124.
fractures

Pubes, on
ii,454.

Pulegium,

et

the

bones

of

the,

its medicinal

iii,87.

uses,

Pulse,

of

Pennyroyal,

or

or

Legumen,
as

varietiesof,and

articles

of

food,

their

i, 125

seq.

Pidse, arterial, abstract

of the, i, 202

or

cine,
medi-

iii,421.

medicine,

characters

iii,310.

Potamogiton,

and

et seq.

Ptisan, preparation and

of

Poppy-juice,treatment

Poppies, their

dicine,
me-

iii,419.

Ptillosis,symptoms

et

in

uses

BastardRape,

or

in

iii,

206.

ii, 213

of, iii,546.

account

Pseudo-bunium,

uses

614, 619.
the

as

et seq.

Bee-glue, its

Propolis,or

treatment

in medicine,
on

seq.

its characters

of, ii, 27

Pterygia of

195.

Pompholyx,

master

Prurigo, description

or

treatment

Psoricum,

iii,306.

powers,

et

iii,311.

Poley, its uses in medicine, iii,204.

Polycnemon,its medicinal powers, iii,307.
Polygalon, or Milkwort, its medicinal
Polygonaton,

fevers, 191

iii,186.

barley, i, 123.

powers,

of

Plum,

or

Poisons,

as

and

Priapism, symptoms
597

deficiencyof the,
the glans, 349.

to

Procidentia

i, 480.

Pork,

adhesion

Prognostics,Hippocrates the great

Pneumonia,

Pondo,

of

treatment

of, ii,

surgical treatment

370-2.

the

(misspelt gollas),iii,

lollas

541.

Aretaeus

the, i, 467.

to

Pneumatocele,

309.
Poterrhium, its medicinal
iii,
powers,
used
the
110-15.
i,
ancients,
Potherbs,
by
the composition of,
Potions, officinal,
on
iii,544-7.
Powders, preparations of, iii,536-41.

Pnmex,
uses,

of Galen's

system

et seq.

or
Pumice-stone,
iii,173.

its medicinal

of, iii,480Purgatives, simple, account

93 ; compound, account
of, 493 at seq. ;
modus
operandi of, according to the
ancient

authorities, 485-88

opinions
those

488

on,

who

Putrid

Rhabarbarum,

Rhacosis

and

iii,308.

treatment

its medicinal

iii,

powers,

"313.

Rhagadia,

or

Rhamnus,

or

PeUitory,

or

medicinal

its

and

ibid.

medicine,

in

uses

iii,221,

'223.

Fissures

of the Anus,
its

Buckthorn,

or

its

in

uses

on

medicine, iii,317.

Arthritis.
see
Rheumatism,
Rhodomel,
purgative medicine
Rhus

Coriaria,

from, iii,

its

Sumach,

or

uses

of

characters

Quails,

article of

food,
Quartans, symptoms
et

their

flesh

as

an

and

of, i,

treatment

of,i,416.

as

article

an

of

and

in

uses

of, i,

treatment

seq.

Rabbit, little used

by

the

ancients

as

an

food, i, 149.

article of

of

article

as
an
Radish, its characters
food, i, 118 ; its characters

as

cine,
medi-

iii,315.
the

of in

uses

Raisins, their

medicine, ibid.
iii,59.

in medicine,

uses

Rale, remarks

the

on

ancient

terms

for,

Crowfoot,

or

its

in

uses

medicine, iii,69.
see
Rapum,
Turnip.
Recrementum,

of, and

Dross,

or

their medicinal

different
uses,

kinds

iii,347.

Regimen, rules regarding,i, 73-84.

as
jaundice,i,
Regius morbus, the same

Christi, its medicinal

Risors

fevers, treatment

in

of, i, 305,

Rocket, see Eruca.

Rock-rose, see Cistus.
of its flesh as an ai-ticle
Roe, characters
of food, i, 149.
in medicine, iii,318.
Roses, their uses
Rosea
in
its uses
radix, or Rosewood,
medicine, iii,319.
in medicine, iii,216.
Rosemary, its uses
ment
Roughness of the tongue in fevers,treatof, i, 318.
of, ii,86.
Rupture of the flesh,treatment
Ruta,
or
Rue, its medicinal
iii,
uses,
300.
varieties

of, and

their

uses

in

dicine,
me-

Sabina, or Savin, its

iii,77.
Saffron, see Crocus.

Sagapen, its medicinal

Sage, or Salvia, its

in

uses

medicine,

iii,322.

uses,

medicinal

uses,

iii,

104.

Salamander,
ii, 204

treatment

its characters

of

poisoning by,

in

medicine, iii,

323.

584.

the

Rell-mouse,
for

of

article

of, i,

treatment

456-61".
Ranunculus,

astringent

an

iii,366.
and

svmptoms

treatment,

iii,170.

Frogs.

see

Ranula,

reckoned

Rush,

i, 482.
Rana;,

medicine, iii,472.
of, and their

306.

iii,293.

et

Rice

uses,

Cinquefoil,its

medicine,
Quinsy, symptoms

ters
its charac-

Ri1)s,fractm-es

food, i, 124.
Ricinus, or Palma

seq.

or

dicine,
me-

ii,452, 454.

i, 141.

Quartarius, see Weights.

Quercus, see Oak.
Quince, in trreat repute
food, i, 134.

Quinquefolium,

in

iii,321.

in

Rags,

plant;

ancient

the

and treatment
Rhyas, symptoms
P}Tumsylvestre,itsusesinmedicine,iii,63. Ribes, what plant it was, and

464

dicine,
me-

Radish.

see

discussion

article

an

249

i,607.
in

uses

493.

of the fruit
Pear, characters
of food, i, 134 ; its uses
in medicine, iii,48.

Pyrum,
as

Rbaphanus,
Rlieum,

powers,

ment
surgical treat-

scrotum,

iii,315.

Pvcnocomou,

Pvrites, its

into

of the

of, i, 235-7.

Pyrethrum,

of its
Rhubarb, account
medicine, iii,478,

or

introduction

of, ii,479.

in medicine,

uses

Fevers, symptoms

Onions.

see

479.
of

management

Restharrow,

taken, 497.

have

Purpuras,their

modern

647

INDEX.

GENERAL

glisof

the

Romans,

used

food, i, 149.
the

Rennets,

Repletion,

uses

nature

or

iii,317.

characters,

iii,31.
of in
and

medicine, iii,314.
treatment
of, i,

41, 42.
Resina;,

Sales, or Salts,their medicinal

Salix,

or

Salmon,
Resins, their

uses

in

medicine,

Willow,

its medicinal

uses,

iii,

14 7.

i, 164
ibid.

noticed

by any Greek writer,

descriptionof, from Ausonius,

not

GENERAL

648

INDEX.

Salts, see Sales.

Salvia, see Sage.
Sambucus, see Elder.

Scrofula,

Samphire,

its

or
Cretlimum,
iii,195.

Sampsuchum,

its

in

uses

in

uses

medicine,

dicine,
me-

iii,

324.
488.
Sandal-wood, its uses in medicine, iii,
Sand, see Arena.
of
Sandaracli, or
Realgar, treatment
236
its
nal
medicipoisoning by, ii,235,
;
uses, iii,324.
Sandarach, or Gum-vernix, account
of,iii,
451.
in medicine, iii,325.
Sandyx, its uses
Sanguis Draconis, see Cinnabaris.
Sapphire of the ancients, what it probably

iii,228.
was,
Sarcocele, surgicaltreatment
of, ii,369.
in medicine, iii,
Sarcocol, its characters
327.

Herb, what

it was,

and

ment
treat-

of

poisoning by, ii,225, 226and

treatment
Satyriasis,
symptoms

of, 309, 310.

Scrupulum, see

Weights.
Scurvy, supposed to be
Hippocrates, i, 579.
Scytala, treatment
ii,180, 181.

Sea-dragon,

of

alluded

of

of

by

to

by,

stung

persons

treatment

by, ii,191.
Sea-hare, treatment

persons

stung

poisoning by, ii,

205.
of persons

Sea-scorpion,treatment
by, ii, 192.

stung

Sea-tortoise, or Turtle, preparationfrom

the blood
of, ii, 192.
Seasons, regimen befittingthe diflferent,
i, 73.
Sea-water, its medicinal
i, 133.
uses,
in medicine, iii,
Sebesten-plum, its uses

i, 596

et

of,

seq.

Scabies, disease
ancients, ii, 23.

Scammony,
Scapula, on
Scandix,

its

to

the

in

medicine, iii,341.
of, ii,450, 451.
Shepherd's Needle, in little
in
a potherb, i,114
; its uses
iii,342.
uses

fractures

or

repute

unknown

not

as

medicine,
and

Sparus,

their

characters

articles of food, i, 165.

Scirrhus, of the uterus,
and

as

toms
symp-

of, ii,89,

90.

its

or

Lemon-grass,
in

uses

account

of,

medicine, iii,366.

Sclerophthalmia, svmptoms

and

ment
treat-

of, i, 413,426.
;

its

of persons
in

uses

stung
medicine, iii,

344.

Scolopendrium,

its

uses

in

medicine, iii,

344.

Scolymus,

iised

as

potherb,

the

Scoly-

as
Hispanicus, i, 114; its uses
a
medicine, iii,341.
Scordium, or Water
Germander, its uses
in medicine, iii,345.
Scordoprason, or Garlick-leek, its uses
in medicine, iii,346.
346.
Scorpioides,its uses in medicine, iii,
Scorpion, on persons
stung by, ii,171,
mus

172.

Scourges,

treatment

with, ii,45.

iii,659.

Secundines, see Placenta.

Selenite, account
of,and its

cine,
in medi-

uses

iii,229.

Semen, on redundance
of, i, 48.
and
treatment
Semi-tertians, svmptoms
of, ii,271.

Sempervivum,
in

its

Wall-pepper,

or

medicine,
Senecio, or Groundsel, its

uses

iii,23.

cine,
in medi-

uses

iii,132.

Senna,

of

account

from

its medicinal

uses,

the

Arabians, iii,431.
in medicine,
Cuttlefish,its uses

iii,331.

Seps,

or

Chalcidic

Lizard, its

uses

in

medicine, iii,332.
article of
Service, its characters
as
an
food, i,135 ; its uses in medicine, iii,270.

Seriphon, what

it was,

and

its virtues

in

medicine, iii,329.

Scolopendra, treatment
by, ii,174

speciesof pastinaca, its virtues

Sepia, or
i, 629

general treatment

Schoenanth,

Secacul,

in medicine,

327.
Satyrion,its medicinal
uses, iii,
in medicine, iii,327.
Saxifrage,its uses

and

ment
general treattreatment
surgical

258.

Sardonian

Scarus

and

symptoms
of, ii,91-94

of

persons

beaten

Serpyllum,
medicine,

or

Wild

Thyme,

its

uses

in

iii,116.

Serran, a fish used as an article of food,

i, 164.
Sesame, a heavy article of food, i, 127 ;
its characters
in medicine, iii,331.
as
a medicine,
Sesamoides, its characters
iii,331.

Seseli,or Hartwort, its medicinal

uses,
iii,330.
Sextarius, see Weights.
Sextula, see Weights.
cine,.
in mediShad-fish, or Silurus, its uses
iii,337.
Shells, their medicinal
uses, iii,288.
at
dislocations
Shoulder, on
the, ii,
484-9.

INDEX.

GENERAL

Sideritis,

virtues

its

Ironwort,

or

in

of

322

Weights.

Siliqua,see

Silk, medicinal
the

by
Silpliium,or

to

iii,474.

of, and

account

Laserwort,

iii,337.

in medicine,

uses

attributed

virtues

Arabians,

Similago, a variety of

the

ancient

by

its medicinal

Ebn

Ulcers, descriptionof, ii,119.

Siriasis, a disease of infancy, i, 16.

ii,273,

Sisarum,

in medicine,

iii,

340.

Sium,

its
I'arsnip,

Water

or

cine,
in medi-

uses

iii,339.
Skink, its

Sleep, on

to

of

of, and

their

treatment,

philosophy of, and

medicine, i, 181.

the

Slough

medicine, iii,342.

in

uses

Skidl, fractures
ii,429-42.

uses,

iii,85.

Smaragdus,
tlie

practice
and

Smallpox

Emerald,

little used

of medicine,

iii,229.

or

i, 320

o])inions upon,
Smilax,

in

history of ancient

Measles,

et

seq.

Yew.

see

Smcgmata,

and

nature

varieties

of, iii,

541.

540,

its characters

Smyrniuni,
:

its

Snail, its

uses

i, 114

in

uses
as

an

as

potherb,

medicine, iii,349.
article of food, i,

1G8.

Snap-dragon, see
Sneezing, treatment
Sneezewort,

Soap,

of the

account

an

ancient, and its uses

iii,326.

Arabico-barbaric

term

forcepha-

l.Ta, i, 355.

Somnolency,
Sonc]ins,or

see

Cataphora.

Sow-thistle, its

iii,350.

uses

instrument,

the

article

an

of

food,

iii,123.

uses,

of, and

the

its

in

uses

Brain, treatment

of, i,

Sow-parsnip,

or

its medicinal

iii,365.
of

treatment

stung by

persons

ii,497.

Spine, see Vertebrae.

Spinach, a wholesome
according to
Abbas, i, 113

the

and

laxative

Rhases
Greeks

herb,
pot-

and
and

unacquainted
with, ibid.
medicine, iii,478.
Spitting of blood, symptoms
of, i, 483 et seq.

its

Haly

Romans
uses

and

in

ment
treat-

Spleen, on the diseases of, i, 577.

Spleenwort, see Asplenium.
of,and its uses in
Spodium, account

cine,
medi-

iii. 352.
uses
of, iii,351.
Sponge, the medicinal
Spontaneous generation,ancient opinions

ii, 145, 149.

Sprains, on the treatment

Spurges, variety of, and

of, ii,86.
their

uses

in

medicine, iii,374.
of in fevers, i, 228.
Sputa, characters
Spurge Olive, see Chamelaia.
Squama a^ris and Squama fcrri,their iises
in

cine,
in medi-

of, i,

treatment

in medicine, iii,264.
Spikenard, its uses
Spina alba, see Thorn.
Spina ventosa, descriptionof the disease,

upon,

fevers, i,300.

Ptarmica.

see

in medicine,

Soda,

Antirrhinum.
of in

iii,

the, ii, 171; and

Spider's-web, their
in medicine, iii,49.
uses
its properties as
Spignel, or Meum,
a
medicine, iii,252.

its application

serpent, its medicinal

of

uses,

Spider,
medicine,

medicine,

iii,229.

Sphondylium,

in

uses

315.

uses

iii,339.
its

Sisvnibrium,

as

its medicinal

medicine,

its virtues

Stone-parsley,its

Bastard

or

and

Specularis, account

iii,340.

in medicine,

Sison,

Parsnip,

in

uses

characters

Sphacelus

Garden

or

cine,
medi-

402.

i, 123;
for

name

its

Specillum,descriptionof
Spelt, its

iii,582, 588.

Arabian

in

401.

Sinuous

frigiduni,the
lethargy,i, 369.

medicine,

uses

201.
iii,

uses,

Spasms, svmptoms

Sirsen

its

350.

iii,5 ; by
by Avicenna,
by Dioscorides, iii,5 ;
5.
in the Edinburgh Dispensatory, iii,
their
of, and
uses,
Sinapisms, account
iii,4
iii,5

Baithar,

Rhases,

in

uses

the nature
Sori, disquisitionon
of, and
its uses
in medicine, iii,367.
Sotera, antidote of, iii,517.
its properties as a medicine,
Southernwood,
iii,17.
Sow-bread, its effects as a poison, ii,242

Sparganium,
of, described

number

medicines,

in

uses

ibid.

flour,

121.

i, 120,

Simples,

its

its
palestrae,
gymnasiorum,
;

flour, i,

ancient

the

121.

120,

balneorum,

iii,88

of, i, 40.

Sight, on dimness
Siligo,a variety

Fuligo.

see

Sordes

iii. 333.

medicine,

its

Soot,

Weights.

Sicilicus,see

649

medicine, iii,213,214

resembles
ibid.

aes

ustum

squama

acris

(misspelt astum),

650

GENERAL

Squash,

whether

of the

of

melopepon

i, 129.

ancients,
Scilla, its medicinal

Squill,or
157

the

not

or

INDEX.

of

vinegar

squills,515

oxymel
medicine
from,

Galen's

iii,

uses,

squills,514

ibid.

Stachys,

Horehound,

Base

or

its

in

uses

medicine, iii,354.

Stag,

its

as

of

medicine,

in

uses

article

an

Stapliylinus,
probably included
and
carrot
parsnip, i, 118 ;

both
its

Sun,

the

i, 52.
Sunflower,

flesh

surgical

poisoning by, ii,175

Suppositories,composition of, i, 58.

of, ii,

treatment

properties as

its

medicine, iii,56.
Stercus, see Dung.
Sterility,causes

and

Sternutatories,

list

413.

Swallow-wort,
Swan

of, i,641.

treatment

used

137

its

Svnchvsis

of

its

iu

uses

cine,
medi-

Cassidony, its

cine,
in medi-

uses

of, 303, 507

of

account

seq.
in
used

those

Tamarinds,

et

cine
mediseq.

of, iii,226.

Storax,

in sponges,
its uses
in

medicine, iii,362.

Stork,

sometimes

used

food, i, 143.
Strabismus, or

account

of,

treatment

by Virgil and Ovid,

i, 138.
iii,358

medicine,
Struthium, account

Sturgeon,

its

Nightshade,

or

varieties

of, in

in

uses

of, 359.

medicine

and

iii,357.

Gypsum.
its characters

as

an

article

of

et

list of

in

medicine, iii,604

seq.

Succus
cus,

Cyrenaicus, Medicus, and

Syriaand uses
nature
of, iii,283.

Succory, its

of, i,

treatment

of in
treatment

fevers, i, 288.
of, i, 256.
of

modification

phantiasis,
ele-

characters

as

an

article

its

uses

of

in

medicine,

in

characters

uses, iii,259.
medicine, iii,301.

of the

diff"erent

kinds

of, iii,6-16.
Taurocolla, its uses in medicine, iii,369.
Teasel, see Dipsacus.
cine,
Tedse, or Dead
Pines, their uses in mediiii,91, 92.
Teeth, preservativesof, i,39 ; treatment
of the, i, 454
et seq.; extraction
of diseases
of, ii,296, 297.
cine,
in mediTelephium, or Orpine, its uses
iii,373.
Telephian ulcers, description of, ii,114
et

seq.

Tellinae,

food, i, 165.

Succedanea,

their

Tastes, definitions

i, 422-35.

see

eyes,

iii,439, 440.
Tamarisk, its medicinal
Tar-water,

of

article

an

as

Squinting,

Strawberries, noticed

otherwise,

dicine,
me-

et

l)ythe ancients, iii,220

Stucco,

in

uses

ii,14.

affections, physiology of, i, 90

Strychnos,

the

Syncope, treatment
Synochous fevers,
Syphilis probably

iii,357.

Stones

its

Comfrey,

iii,364.

'422",
436.

iii,356.

Stones,

food, i,

medicine, iii,363.

in

or

of

article

an

as

uses

Symphytum,

Knapweed,

treatment

table, i,

the

at

Pork.

flesh,see

fractures

iii,215."

Stomach

used

Sudor.

see

Sycamores

of

modes

of, and

Asclepias.

see

sometimes

Swine's

of, ii,451, 452.

in medicine,
Gillyflower,its uses

or

article of
as
an
Surmullet, its characters
See
162.
food, i,
Trigla.
in medicine,
their
iii,
uses
Swallows,

Sweat,

using, i, 447-51.

StcEchas,

in

uses

143.

or

their

of, and

of

article

an

as

Steatoma, general treatment

of, ii, 9496; surgicaltreatment
of, 311, 312.
of
and
treatment
Stellio, symptoms

on

Heliotropium.

see

varieties

medicine, iii,135, 136.

used

279.

Sternum,

injuredby the,

of persons

treatment

Sulphur,

food, i, 140.

Staphyloma,

cine,
in medi-

in

medicine, iii,353.

Starling,its

the bamboo-cane,

from

its virtues

iii,246, 247.

see

uses

of,

i, 420.

i, 179

food, i, 123
Amylum.

Stcebe,

of, i, 61.
Sndorifics, on the nature
and
treatment
Sufl'usion, symptoms

Sugar, anciently procured

Starch, its characters

Stock

140.

Roe.

see

278,

in medicine, iii,
food, i, 112 ; its uses
177.
176,
Sudor, or Sweat, its medicinal
uses, iii,

or

Limpets,

uses

Temperaments,
et seq.

account

medicine,

of in

iii,369.
Tembul, the piper betel, its
iii,454, 455.
of

uses

cine,
in medi-

the, i, 84

GENERAL

652

the

Urchin,

Sea,

characters

its

food, i, 168.
characters
of, i,

as

INDEX.

Violet, its medicinal

an

article of

Urine,

authorities

upon,

MSS

228

Viper,treatment
224

225

ancient

ii, 177-80;

unpublished

incontinence

of,548 ;
its propertiesin medicine, iii,289.
Urna, see Weights.
Urtica, see Nettle.
Usnen, probably the Salsola fruticosa,its
medicinal
uses, iii,456.
Uterine
of,i, 615
hemorrhage, treatment
upon,

120.

Viscum,

of, 620

Uterus, ancient
descriptionsof, i, 623 ;
abscess
of the, 623
et seq. ; ulcers of
of the, 627
et seq.;
the, 625
cancers
seq.

scirrhus

et

seq.
inflation
of

the, 633
Uva

of

the,

632

the,

tonsUs,

of

scleroma
of

the,

Mole

see

suffocation

prolapsus of the,

the

and

mole

638

et

Vitex, its properties as

seq.

302.
the

U\Tila, on

diseases

of

medicine, iii,

20.
Vitis

sylvestris,or Wild

nal
Vine, its medici-

Volubilis,

of

account

described

the

ancient

different

under

this

cles
arti-

iii,

name,

470.

Vulpes,

Fox, its

or

in

uses

medicine, iii,

36.

of

of, ii,300,

treatment

medicinal

its

Birdlime,

or

iii,141.

uses,

Vociferation, description of the

mode
of performing, i, 29.

seq.

629

Clematis.

characters, iii,40.

seq.
Uterine
inflammation, treatment

et

Echium.

Viper's Bugloss, see

Virgin's Bower, see

et

et

characters, iii,142.
stung by the,
medicine, iii,

of persons
its uses
in

the, i, 457.

Wakerobiu,
Walnuts

Arum.

see

and

Filberts, their
characters, i, 136.

Wall-pepper, its propertiesas

dietetical

medicine,

iii,23.
Valerian, Greek, its
304

common,

medicine, iii,
in medicine,

in

uses

its

uses

396.

Varices, excision
Vari,

the

on

of, ii,406-10.
face, i,

452, 453.

Venery, on the effects of, i, 44.

Venesection, descriptionof the operation,
ii,318-26.
Venomous
animals, presen-atives from,
ii, 155;

by,

of

treatment

persons

stung

157.

and cure
of, i, 152 ;
fevers,i, 299, 300.
in medicine, iii,380.
Water, its uses
the
different
kinds
Waters,
on
of, and
their qualities,
i,64-7.
Water-basil, see Erinos.
in medicine, iii,
Water-pepper, its uses
385.

Water,

Verdigris,see

Weights,

Vermes

jErugo.

in the

ears,

of,i, 439-

treatment

Granura

see

ii, 455

treatment,

of
;

the, and

on

their

luxations

of

et

and

treatment

of, i,

seq.

Vertz, disquisitionon

the

nature

of, iii,

457.

Vers^ain, or

Verbenum,

its

uses

in medicine,

iii,296.
Vervain

Mallow,

Vetch, varieties

Alcaea.

as
an
of, and characters
food, i, 127.
Vinegar, its uses in medicine, iii,278.
Vinous
tinctures
of the ancients, iii,546,

article of

547.

of

treatment

war,

wounds

by, ii,418-27.
Mustela.

see

of

full account

used

those

of its dietetical

full account
;

its

uses

iii,314.
Flux.
Whites, see Female
Whitlow, on the treatment

Thyme,

see

by
racters,
cha-

medicine,

in

of, i, 678.

Sei-pyllum.

Willow, see Salix.

of, i, 172 et
Wine, dietetical characters
mode
of forcing by heat,
seq. ; ancient
174; of cooling with
ice, ibid.; its
medicinal

see

of

ancients, iii,609-27.

the

Wild

effects

of, ii,243.

i, 121

the, 493.

Vertigo, symptoms
374

inflicted

Tinctorum.

fractures

on

of

Weapons
W^easel,

dangerous

Cera.

see

Wheat,

444.

Vennilion,
Vertebrae,

Wine,

or

Wax,

or

persons

169.

of in

large draught

kinds

of

treatment

stung by, ii, 168,

Watchfulness,
causes

of the different
Stomach, uses
of, i, 179.
in
Verbascum, or Petty Mullein, its uses
medicine, iii,394.

Venter,

Bees,

treatment

the

of, on

treatment

and

Wasps

Woad,

see

uses,

iii,272.

Isatis.

Wolfsbane,

see

Womb

of

article of

Aconite.
sow

reckoned

delicate

food, i, 151.

Wool, see Lana;

scourings of, used
medicine, iii,272.

in

GENERAL

INDEX.

intestinal, description of, and

treatment, ii,139 et seq. ; list of
145
ancient
writers
earth, in
;
on,
of,ii,107 ; their uses
nlcers, treatment

Worms,

Wild

Xyris, or

Yarrow,

in calculus, i, 542.
Wren, recommended
to be treated, i, 37.
Wrinkles, how
dislocations
at
the, ii, 492,
Wrist, on

Achillea,

or

Yew,

treatment

described

Clutburr, its

cine,
in medi-

uses

Zeduary,

iii,269.

or

Bulbous

medicine,

of

poisoning by, ii,223,

species of jasminum, first

by the Arabians, iii,458.

account

of, and

its

uses

in medicine,

iii,434, 436.

Xerophthalmia, symptoms
of, i, 413, 42G!
Xiphium,

of in

uses

224.

Zambach,

493.

or

in medicine,

uses

iii,358.

medicine, iii,85.

Xanthium,

Cornflag,its

iii,269.

their

in

653

and

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