Compilado por urijenny

La imagen de portada es una imagen negativizada del esqueleto del Tyrannosaurio rex de
!ssei Yoshino.

Contenido:
Esbozo biogrfico de Issei Yoshino
Artculo sobre Issei Yoshino en japons
Aviones
Objetos
Animales
Dinosaurios
Esqueleto de Tyrannosausur rex

lssei Yoshino

lssei Yoshino
Issci Yoshjno (5 Jf-~ , Yoshino lssei) (nacido el 3 de agosto de 1964 en Kawaguchi, Saitama , Japn, fallecido
clll de agosto de 1996) fue un dcstac.'ldo maestro japons de la papiroflexia u origami.
Fue, hasta su prematu ra muerte a los 32 aos, el ms representativo de la joven generacin de plegadores japoneses
de la agrupacin Origami Tanteidan. Sus modelos de esqueletos de dinosaurios de origami ("Tyrarmosaurus rcx",
"Triceratops"), entre otros, le dieron notoriedad mundial como creador de modelos complejos de origan

111

Informacin biogrfica
Despus de graduarse en la Kawaguchi Technical High School, lssei inici sus estudios en un instituto aeronutico
ya que quera ser ingeniero aeronutico. Aunque posteriormente decidi seguir estudios en computacin, siempre
mantuvo inters en la aeronutica, llegando a disear varios mode los de origami de famososjets de la poca. Trabaj
en la Digital Service Coq>. en Tokyo.
lssei Yoshino comenz a crear modelos de papiroflexia a los quince aos, mientras se encontraba cursando la escuela
secundaria, siendo un guila en vuelo su primer diseo conocido.
Fue uno de los miembros fun dadores del gru po de creadores de origami "Odgami Tanteidan" ("Origami Detectives"
ahora conocido como "Japan Origami Academic Sociery" o JOAS) for mado en 1989, y pronto se destac como uno
de sus ms brillantes creadores de modelos de papiroflexia.
Yoshino fue uno de los primeros plegadores en utilizar programas grficos en computadoras para realizar los
diagramas de plegado de sus modelos.
La prematura muerte de Issei Yoshino, a consecuencia de un cncer. dej al origami japons sin su mayor creativo.

Hoy, pese al tiempo transcurrido, sus modelos no han envejecido y siguen siendo ejemplo de virtuosismo y elegancia
en e! arte de lapapiroflexia.
La JOAS, con base en donaciones de sus miembros, cre el fondo lssei Yoshi no Fund para conmemorar a lssei

Yoshino, e invitar a jvenes y dest.acados origamistas de todo el Mundo a participar en las convenciones anuales
Origan Tanteidan en Jap n.

Creaciones
Al contrado de otros creadores contemporneos de figuras de origam, que trazan los ''crease pattems" o cp de los
modelos antes de plegarlos, Yoshino trabajaba slo con el cuadrado de papel hasta completar el modelo. Comenzaba
con una imagen del modelo terminado, e iba plegando las diferentes secciones de su diseo, llegando eventualmente
a plegar las distintas secuencias en el modelo completo. Est.e modo de trabajo haca que la realizacin de un modelo
le insumiera mucho tiempo y esfuer-.w hasta completarlo.

Los diagramas de sus modelos se publicaron en las Origami Tanteidan Magane, NOA magazine, y en los libros de
diagramas de las convenciones de origan de la JOAS (Japan Origami Academic Society). Tambin en libros de
convenciones de la BOS (British Origami Society), MFPP (Mouvement Fram;:ais des Plieurs de Papier), y de
Origan USA
En la Odgami Database pueden encontrarse citados la mayor pane de sus modelos, indicndose en qu Ubro, o
revista, se puede encontrar. Se indican a continuacin algunas de las figuras de papiroflexia de lssei Yoshino cuyos
diagramas o cp (crease pattems) han sido publicados en libros de recopilaciones de diagramas (en libros de
convenciones de la JOAS , en las Origami Tanteidan Magazine, en las NOA magazine, y en otros libros y magazines,
listado no exhaustivo): "Baby tyrarmosaurus", "Bromosaurus", "Tyrannosaurus", "Clleval", "'Coelacanth", "Manta
ray" cp, "Tiger'', "Samurai he) mct" , "F-15 Eagle" , "FA-18 Hornet", "Harrier" . El diagrama del FA-18 Homet fue

lssei Yoshino

realizado por Noboru Miyajima a partir del diseo de Yoshino y publicado en el 2007 en la Origami Tantcidan
Magazine N 102, e n ta nlo que el diagrama del Harrier fue realizado por Koshiro Hatori, a partir de borradores
inconclusos de lssei Yoshino, y publicado en 1998 en el libro de la cuarta convencin Origami Tantcidan.
Su libro: "Skeleton of a Tyra nnosaurus rex" fue publicado en 1993 por Origami House, en japons, y tambin en el
mismo afio se public la versin en ingls en Canad por Origami M aple. Este modelo fue diseado por Yoshino
para ser plegado a partir de 21 cuadrados iguales de papel.
S u libro: "Issei Super Complex Origami" fue publicado en 1996 por Origami House, en japons. El libro presenta los
diagra mas de una variedad de modelos complejos: desde motocicletas hasta dinosaurios, pasando por el tigre
rugiendo, congelado en el momento de saltar, tal vez su modelo ms represe ntativo (este modelo tan1bin se public
en el libro de la convencin Origami USA 1996 y en el libro de modelos de la primera convencin Origami
Tanteidan de 1995). En este libro se e ncuentra tambin el esquelelo de Triceratops: este modelo fu e diseado por
Yoshino para ser plegado a partir de 19 cuadrados iguales de papel.

Referencias
11] Esbozo biogJfico de lssei Yoshino en el libro "Skeleton of a Tyrannosaurus rex" publicado en Canad en 1993 por Origami Maple

Artculo sobre lssei Yoshino en el Origam.i Tanteida n Magazine N 40

Esbozo biogrfico de Issei Yoshino en el sitio web de Origami House de Makoto Yamaguchi: (http://www.
origam ihouse.jp/works/harmo/profile/panel-domestidyoshino.htm l).
Perfil biogrfico de Issei Yoshino en el sitio web del Russian Origami Magazine (http:// jorigami. narod. ru/
Conte nts/n_07/09_Gctcrom00ulc_origami.htm).
Resea del libro "lssei super complex origami " en el sitio de Gilad Aharo n..i (http:// www. g.iladorigam.i. com/
BO_SuperComplex.hunl).
Resea del libro "Skeleton of a Tyra nnosaurus rex" en el sitio de Gilad Aharoni (http://www.giladorigam.i .com/
BO_Trex.htm l).
Artculo: '' Folding a Triceratops skelelon'' de Jason Ku en el magazi ne "TI1e Fold" !'100 2
Infor macin en el sitio web de la lOAS.
Los libros de las convenciones de origami de la JOAS y las Origami Tanteidan M agazine en que se han publicado
diagramas de Issei Yoshino.

En laces externos
Galera de modelos de papiroflexia de lssei Yosltino en el sitio web de Gabriel Vo ng's OriScope Olltp;//oriSOO.
free.fr/authorsllssei_ Yoshinolen. hun ).
Listado de los cliagramas de figuras de origami de lssei Yoshino en la Origami Database, indicndose tambin en
qu libro o revista encontrarlos (http://origamidb.stagepics.co.uk/showcroator.
asp?CreatorName=Yoshino_Issei&R ealName=Yoshino, Issei).

Issei Yoshino

Fotogr.tfias de Issei Yoshino

Issei Yoshino

Issei Yoshino & David Brill

Makoto Yamaguchi & Issei Yoshino & John Montroll

Tyrannosaurus Rex Skeleton

Issei Yoshino
Japan

Designed by Issei Yoshino

7' x 12.5'(18cmx32cm)
Folded from tie-dyed washi by Masao Hatori.
Yoshino's magnificent Tyrannosaurus Rex Skeleron promoted a new
respect for compovnd origilmi models. His mane fold, a~ ~hown in
his horse on the following page, is distinctive and elegant, and broke
new ground in origami Style and technology. It insists that the mane
is an important and commanding feature of the horse and so the
arching pleats are literally central to this design. Likewise, the geometric, diamond-shaped scales that form the back of Yoshino's Wild
Boar (also on the fo llowing page) are Important; it's as if the rest of
the boar was designed around this promlnem feature. Issei Yoshino's
designs have Inspired and influenced thousands, despite his short life
of only thirty-one years. These examples of Yoshino's orig<.Jmi designs
were folded by Masao Hatori. one of Jap<.Jn's fi nest folde rs.

Horse and Wild Boar

Designed by Issei Yosh1no
Horse4" x 7" (IDem x 18cm),
W1 ld Boar 3" x6" (8 crnx 15 em)
Folded from tiedyed wash1 by Ma!>ao Hawn.

Artculo
Sobre e l artista Issei Yoshino publjcado en el Origami Tanteidan Magazine N
40 de 1996.

Aviones
As como el "Issei Super Complex Origami" se inicia con las motocicletas de
Issei, que ocupan un lugar central en el libro, en este segundo libro recopilatorio

de los diagramas de sus modelos el lugar central lo ocupan sus modelos de

aviones.

El diagrama del F-15 Eagle se public en tres parles en los nmeros 40, 41 , y 42
del Origami Tanteidan Magazine en 1996-1997. El diagrama del FA-18 Homet
fue realizado por Noboru Miyajima a partir del diseo de Yoshino y publicado
en el 2007 en la Origami Tanteidan Magazine N 102, en tanto que el diagrama
del Harrier fue realizado por Koshiro Hatori, a partir de borradores inconclusos

de Issei Yoshino, y publicado en 1998 en el libro de la cuarta convencin

Origami Tanteidan.

F-15 Eagle
F/A-18 Hornet, diagramado por
Noboru Miyajima
Harrier, diagramado por Koshiro
Hatori

Objetos
Se incluye aqu el " Samurai helmet" publicado en el Quarterly Oru folding
diagrams Vol. 1 de 1995.

Samurai helmet

Animales
El diagrama del "Cheval" casi idntico al que se encuentra en el "Issei Super
Complex Origami" se public en el Libro de diagramas de "Les rencontres de
mai 1995" El diagrama del "Coelacanth" es de la NOA Magazine N' 205 de
1992. El cp de la "Manta ray" es del Origami Tanteidan Magazine N 104 del
2007. El diagrama del "Tiger" , con los textos en ingls, es del Libro de
diagramas de la Convencin Origami USA 1996.
o
o
o
o

Cheval
Coelacanth
Manta ray - cp
Tiger

TIGER

by Issei Yoshino

(JAPAN)

1995

~j

Complex
10" paper makes a 4" model.

~~~ ~

Startcotoredsideup.

1----+--Lr----l

1.

3.

2.

rzu ~\'(
"<>

/!

.
.

..

5. Opt::u and squash.

4.

~,
. ..
6.

~~~~

~~~~~

7. Open and squash.

8.

10.

9.

Repeat step 5 8 on
th is side.

~ '~ "~"'"
and bring hack 10 step 1 1.

16. Push up the central point

and close outside edges to
the center.

15. Push and flatten top

by second creases.

17. Result of step 16.

18. Inside reverse

thoroughly.

19. Open softly to see

inside.

~
~
20. Pull out the inside
comers.
After you finish this step,
model keepes three
dimensional curve.
(Refer next dialgram.)

23. Down the marked(e )

corners and pull out
the inside comers.

21 . Inside reverse

thoroughly on the
remaining four corner.

24. At last. down the

central corner and

pull out the inside
corners.

25.

22. Down the marked( )

cornt>rs and puU out
the !nslde corners.

26. Make a crease on l / 3

from top.

27. Open squash lhe top

by c- r~se fro m 26.

28. Fold In half.

31. Pull up the

30.

33. Turn inside out the hidden

corner.

second layer
to stretch the
pleats.

29.

32. Pull up the layer from edge.

34. Pull up the next layer

from edge.

35. Turn inside out the

hidden corner.

36.

37. Repeat 3 1 35
on the left.

40. Move upper

rtght layer to
the left.

38.

fold in half the

corners a nd close
the opened layer.

42. F'old lnsidt".

4 4. Repeat 40 - 43
on the left.

F'old lnside the

bottom of top
layer.

+1t

50. Fold inside lhe top edge.

48.

52. Fold lhc

remaining edge.

49.

51 . Fold Inside lhe

both t-dges.

()
53.

55. Crtmp from maked (0 ) corners.

58. Up the both flaps along

the edge of upper layers.

61 . Pull out the inside layers .

56. Outside reverse

from marked 10 1
corners to across
the marked 1 1
comers and edge.

59. Inside reverse along the

edge of upper layer.

62. Down the flaps along

CE-ntral edge ,

57 Outside
reverse In half.

60. Inside reverse again .

63. Op<>n a nd squash.

H<pt'l::ll behincl.

66. Open and squash across the

64 . Make a crease
tightly.

6 5. Closed sink.

marked

(e )

half point.

Repeat behind .

67. Pleat the marked (e

point into ..A"

Repeat behin:.OCket

68.

~old

the bottom of belly

epeat behind.

69. rnsede reverse to conta

marked !OJ point.
ct
Repeat behind.

~~'

~. '~-

front leg.
Repeate behind
You can controli the
angle of body by
changing this angle .

~
72. Out side reverse
to make a fee t
Repeate behind.

71 .

~I

ddJ

74. Make a toe whilr

" tf'p 74 76

73.

76.

75.

!-peat b<h.lnd .

78. Out side reverse to

~arrow the front leg
epeate behind.

79. Up the opposite

flaps into Inside.
Repeate on behind
leg.

83 .

82.

85. Open and see

from below.

84.

.86. Fold in half the marked

corners. These corners
become lower tusks .

89. Fold Inside the

edge.
Repeate behind.

81 . Make a toe while

stepBl-83.
Repeate behind.

80.

87. Close and see

90. Inside reverse to

make upper tusks.

from side.

91.. Pull the corners of

tusk short distance.

86. Crtmp

92. Up the corners of tusk.

94. Sharp

95 .

a tusk.

96 . Inside reverse.

Repeate behind.

97 Make a

98 .

Repeatf" behmd .

99. Stand

a ear.

pan of eye.

100. Stand a opposite ear.

103. Fold inside the edge.

101 . Pull out a upper layer.

10-2. Crimp the top corner. It will

be three-dimen sional.

104. Repeate behind

s1ep 101 103.

1OS. See from left side.

106. Push the rear of head

and crimp the under of
neck to make
three-dimensional.

Caution:
Here is easy to
wear out!

108. Push the top of central edge.

112. Flatten the

top of head .

111 . Pu ll u p the
upJX r mouth .

114. Curve the beard(?).

Repeate behind.

109. Push up the central

corner.

115.

107. See from front.

110.

113. Shape the eyes.

Dinosaurios
El diagrama del "Brontosaurus" (a l mismo modelo se lo denomina
"Apatosaurus" cuando se lo incluye en el "Issei Super Complex Origami") es
del Origami Tanteidan Magazine N 1 de 1990. Los diagramas del "Baby
Tyrannosawus" y del "Tyrarmosaurus" son del Libro de diagramas de la 2da.
Convencin Origami Tanteidan de 1996.

Brontosaurus
Baby Tyrannosaums
Tyrarmosaums

Esqueleto de
Tyrannosaurus rex
Publicado con los textos en ingls en Canad en 1993 por Origami Maple.
Tambin fue publicado en el mismo ao en japons por Origami House. Este
modelo fue diseado por Issei Yoshino para ser plegado a partir de 21 cuadrados
iguales de papel.
A continuacin de los diagramas e instrucciones se incluye una secuencia de
imgenes del montaje del "Esqueleto de Tyram1osaurus rex" en el OrigaMJT en
Abril de 2011 , y un articulo de Jason Ku sobre el plegado y montaje del
esqueleto del "Triceratops" tambin en el OrigaMJT en Diciembre de 20 1O.

Designed & diagrammed

by Issei Yoshino

Out of21
equally sized
square sheets
of paper.

Origami Skeleton
of
Tyrannosaurus rex

Origami Maple, Toronto 1992

Tyrannos aurus rex

Origami Skeleton
of

Designed & diagrammed

by Issei Yoshino

Table of contents
Chapter 1: Introduction

page I
page 2
page 2
page 3
page4

Chapter 2 : Head

page 7
page 8
page 13
page 18

Chapter 3 : Neck & Arms

page 19
page 20
page 23

Chapter 4 : Ribs

page 27
page 28
page 30
page 34
page 38
page 41

J.l About !he design

1.2 About the designer
1.3 Structure : Five sections
I .4 Pa rt~ of each section

2.1 Upper Jaw

2.2 Lower Jaw
2.3 Assembly : Upper Jaw & Lower Jaw
3. 1 Neck
3.2 Arms

Ribs J
Ribs 2 and Ribs 3
Ribs 4 and Ribs 5
Ribs 6
4.5 Assembly of Ribs 1-6

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

5. 1 Hip Bone

page 43
page 44

5.2 Thigh Bones

5.3 Shank & Foot

page 51

Chapter 5 : Hip & Legs

page48

5.4 Assembly of Hip Bone,

Thigh Bones, and Shank & Foot

page 54

6. 1 Tail Bones I - 4

page 55
page 56

6.2 Tail Bones 5

6.3 Assembly of Tail Bones

page 62
page 65

Chapter 6 : Tail

page 66

About the creature

Chapter 7 : Assembly

page 67

Origa.mi Skeleton ofTyrannosamus rex

Published l'ly Orig:.mi :\b.plc 469 Rum:\:~\al li: ~Aw nu: ~OS
Turun:tu. Ou t::r.oC'-:t~l:ni3 M6R 2~4
rin.l publhh:t.l : S~i'lcmhcr I X. 19112
TI'.C ! C.O:nnd .:Liilion

r ubli~h~l!:

M:srt'h 20. 1993

PrimcdinC.ln:n,L:I

0..'l'ign.:d & di;'lsr.mmu.:d by b,c i YO.hlnu

Ttuns l ;~tcd ,~ cd il'-x! hy ntshi Aup~i
AssiSt:tl\1 Edi to r~: Clair~ Ut >.h~ k. St.:Yc Ma.!I"-"SOO

Anicles writlen b\' Stc\-c M:~tln:st>:t

lllv.c lr~:inn o r Mr."Ytle!hir.o by Yoslti hi)3 Ki1llui'J

Chapter 1
Introduction

1 Introduction

1.1 About the design

This design rcttuire.;; '21 equally sized sq uares of pr~pcr. II is n:commended to u~
paper ~tpproximutcly fl inches square. Using paper any sm:tllcr th:an (l inehes squal'e
ini t i ~llly fnltling the mode l may cause some difficu lty. The dc:.- igner recommends
wctfoh.lin!.~ (1lnmpening the paper and folding it \Vhilc wcl) ami to this end it is

when

:1dvis~1blc to usc a durable paper to prevent :.my ripping ~md tcnring , such :lS handmade

J;tp:mcsc paper (washi).

"Origami Skch.:ton of Tyrannosaurus rex'' is a very ;tdv:mccd design :lnd some

ex perience wilh folding c.:omplex models \Viii be of assistance. Even for the cxpcricnccd
folder there me n number (lr intel'estillg surprises and unknown maneuvers that should
prove challenging. The. notation used here is based on the wcJI known
Yo shiz:l\va ~R: mdlc u .sy~acm and as the l>ook has been designed primarily rurr ad\':tnci!d
folders no explan:nivn or the folding sy mbols is includcd."Orig:m1i Skclclt.>n M
Tyr:mnosa uro.s rc~t" wu~ dcsig,ted in J9S9 for the Origami Dinosaur Exhibition ut
Gallery Origami House. Tokyo. The diagrams were origin;~lly dmwn on ;t Macinto~h LC
using Aldus Frcch:uul 2.0J and llrst appeared in serial form in Tlte Origami 7i.mtehlrm
(L>ctccti vcs) News in the Februat ~, to Dl!cember 1991 issues. This book is the first
English vcr.5ion of the design and Ml'. Yoshino's international dcbul.

1.2 About the designer, Issei Yoshino

Issei Yoshino Wimts tu t <.~kt: the art of origami design to it s litni t and beyond.
1ll0ugh no t yet 30 yciJr.': of age he ha.;; already gained considerable notorie ty for his
innovathe designs. in p:irtkular his dinosaur skeletons.
Mr. Yoshino w;.1 born in Kawaguchi . a city 11011h of Tokyo, on August 3rd, 196:1.
Ora.dunting from Kuwctg uchi Tedmical High School he began studies in ~In otcronuutic.:ul
inslitutc with the inlcntion of becoming an aeronautical engi neer. Although he
subsequ ently dccidcd to pu ~ ue a career in computers. aircraft continue to hold om
interest for Yoshino aml he ha.'> des igned mnny spectacuh1r orig_:tmi jc1 fi~hl cr:t>.
When he wn!> fifteen Yoshino liNa began to design original origami nmdcls. Hi ..
firsl design wns an c:1gle in night. Un like some contemporary designers who
cmc iUJiy plot out crcnsc pitttcms bdore actuall y foJdin g. Mr. Yoshino works ;.1hnost
exclusively with the paper ;tlonc uutil the design is. comp lete. He begins with a
strong im;.tgc of the tinishcd nu)tlcl and then proceeds to fold section s of the desig n
(for example. the head and mrme o f a horse). Eventually the different folding
sequences for the \'arious pans nll come together. Naturally. working in this manner.
finished designs only cvohre otflcr considerable time and efiOn. a fini shed model taking
JS much as'' year to complclc.
"Origami Skeleton of Ty rannosa m11s rex" began
with simply the crc:tlurc's skull. Dis.'iatisfied with the
desig n Yoshino reali:r,ctllo accomplish what he really
wanted to do. crcutc " Full skeleton. would require
a number of sheets of pHpcr.
1\lr. Yoshino is one of 1he roundit)g mcmb~rs of
the Orignmi Dctccti\'cs. a group of young origami
designers. formed in 1989. He is also oue or the
pioneer designers in Japan to begin u:'iing COrHf>UleJ-::;
to diagram origami nnx lcl s. t\lr. Yoshi110's fHhcr
interests incl ude nnmuhon jos.ging. lie is currently
employed by Digil:ll Service Corp. in Tokyo.

1.3 Structure : Five sections

I Structure I

IHead I:two
uut or
.
pu:ce:; ol pilpr.:r

'fhc mode l is constructed

fron"' these five sections.

Enclt section is folded out or
severn! pieces of pnper.
The foHowi ng diagrams

wil l i!JusU'ate th e folding s.equcm:c

according to these sectiOilS.

INeck & Arms I:out of

four pieces of pa(x::r

IHip & Legs I:out of

four pieces of poper

1.4 Parts of each section

I Parts of Head I
Heud is const.-ucted by two parts: Upper Jaw and Lower Jaw.

ILower Jaw I

IParts of Neck & Arms I

Neck is o ut of two

s h eet~.;,

but they wi ll he COJnbi ned in the midd le Of the folding sequence.

Rigln Ann and Len Arnt are S)'n\U le tric.a.J.

I Parts of Ribs I
The section of Ribs is constructed fn)m six sheets of p~pcr.
With the c;xccption of Ribs 6 the foldirtg ~qucnc.;~s ~Ire all the same.

but Ihe cdgc of the papers ore folded in

to nHtkc the ribs shorte1 and shorter towurdlio the tail.

Ribs 2 and Ribs 3 ore

identical.

Ribs 4 and Ribs 5 are the setme

except lOt the fini shing.

The rolding sequence

oi'Ribs6 is

Co1nplelcly <iiffcrcnl
rrorn the others.

IParts of Hip & Legs I

I HipBone!

I Parts of Tail I
Tail Bones I to 4 arc basically the
except the top of T:Jil Rt) IH!S I
nnd Tai l Bones 5 is c..liffel'c!IH.

s ~ mc

ITail Bones 1 I

~
~
ITail Bones 2 I

ITail Bones 11 I

~
I Tail Bones 4 I

Chapter 2
Head

2 Head
2.1 UpperJaw
D

S prea d ~ s ink .

Stmt w ith the FJ'OS Base.

using the creases

Stretch the top la>'N.

from D .

Step D in pi'Ogress.
RcpcatDtOU
on th e.:. left.

l'ull out
the hidden sheets.

.
Spilt the tl!.
httmg two 1~ pomts,
.I)'Cr.).
Use th...
~:::

!\fake creases
Note the Ja nd~mrks.

creases from

ru

Stcp m com pleted.

Fold the po
I llll
thinnin'g Lie
layer.
topdown.
[9

-IW\

w~~

Crc:>sc the tOp Iayeronly.

10

Close 1hc edges. fol lowing

1h.:: exislinu cn.:nscs.

Rcpe"t m to En on the left.

Step El!l
c(nnplclcd.

Close.

Make lhe hldden laye1s thi11ner.

11

fold along lhccdgcs from B .

Note the lnndmarks.

Fold up.
Note lhc

lmulm ~1rks.

Fold dowft,
using the exisling cre~se.

...,

.
~

12

Inside reverse.

Swi ng the poi nt s

inwnrd ~.

Tuck the top under the layer.

Repent behind.

Make the top

of the nose

three dimensional.

Fold the cxc ~: ss pupcr

in5;itie.

13

2.2 LowerJaw
0

~
0

~~
..

. / ></ .

...

....... . j:

14

easc~i\ shown.
in ha.l f,
F'old
fol h.n\ing thecr .

Swivc_llike ~ilftcult this time

but it s mo.re
dJcre is no pre-crease.
because

Omside rc\'erse.

15

Fold up

the
o:. inktrian"u
~ l\l T Iaycr
mg the sh1 J

Repeal bchi~d.' owed part.

Swi\'cl.
Rc::pcat behiud.

Open to look
model

;~t 1he

trom the bottol1l.

16

fi1rmly.
Mnkc cn:ases

;~
'
Make the points th mner.

Plc:u both <id'

usmg the c~e~~

~~ the \'alley roJ~ from ED

I.hc mou ntain c s.

!D

hl l lhc

~ should
lnmlmark~~:~~c
the next step.
n tn

the Ia nd marks again,

Check
then du$(!.

lr.l s i~e

reverse

to tude the c I
of the back. o our

17

Lower Jaw completed.

m
.

I
to s:harpen
the corne r ~.
These creases req uire

!;lrong pressuJ-e.

Fold the edge inwards.

Repeal behind.

18

2.3 Assembly of Upper Jaw and Lower Jaw

OuL;;ide rc\crsc.

Round the

Head complet e~ .

r~rrowcd

parts.

19

Chapter 3
Neck&Arms

20

3
3.1 Neck

I I~

D
.

II
.

.
.
.
.

l\.lal<e creases.
Note the landmarks

m
~S.C

the third

CfC' ISC

rom the top.

'

ID
Fold the to P,$h_eet .m:.ade
.
usutj) tl
.::>

tc C:< lstmg creases.

01 1

10

, .

\Vr.lp the model

Wtth another gnd.

I I

-~

Close the model

fokhn(t tlh! to

Usc

tl~ cxisti~~~~!~:~~ards.

Plcut.

21

Pull

OUt

poim /&

Repeat belund.

Rcpcat iD behind.

Fold eac h plate

in half.
Rotate the

thrc~. Pl~~e~~ints.

c.enterin!? the cru~ net~ valley c.-eased

Ja:e~ o noumain folded.

Every tlurd
m1h ge ls '

ID

and the fo

..
~.
'

.::j.:: -

Fold in hal f,
cri mping.

4 Plc.;tls.

. . ns

NOIC lh cjr [>OSIIJO

ti..._

"~1 ~

22

Dm~
Pull out point @.
Rcpeot behind.

..

Pull out poi nt 1:1. - ~ -.

-
RCJ"''" behind.

Pull out point 8:.

Rcpeot behind .

Pull out point tl.

RcJie;:u behind .

Open

the cup two layers.

3.2 Arms

23

4-

M'rk_c a t.:r~:l~e
Fold behind the layers.

\]

10 diYide 1he angle shown

in half.

~
l/~
0 ~

~ ~~

24

ID

M ake tile two lundm:lrks mc::t,

using the crease frum

a.

Inside ru\'crsc
to el irninmc the part

c:u:ccding the centre line.

25

~~

~
q_~

lnsldc h
rc vc~~ from ID

using t cc .
ns a ,guide hne

fD~
/)

--v

!D ~
-t~_,
Pull out

h00 15

the trapped '

m~
'
'

~~r.

M!ikc the pom '

Inside rcvcn:~s
along thccdg

Double rabbiI car.

26

Fo ld away along the edge.

Make the left ann.

rever.~ing all maneuvers
symmetrically.
IL is a !iHie difticult.

Arms completed.
Ribs with arms wi11 get Cllrvcs
later when 1hey are assembled.

The right :lnn completed.

27

Chapter 4
Ribs

28

4 Ribs

4.1 Ribs 1

~
~

'I'IAT!fr'

<3jrz
[j

Sturl with

~C~I ~

the llird lla.<e.

liF

Fold the point

behind.

Squash.

29

0~
[7q:
Pulllhe lop l oycl~ up

as ll O~S J b c.
ns
f:tr.tng 1. ~ ~ight end.
pinch

p~

Turn the point ins ide-out.

ID cornple1ed.

The lop layers

are not shown.
Inside revers_~
No landmarks.

rtt
-IB complc1cd.

f]

. Hs

thinner.

Make the pou gles shown

dhiding the an

ill half.

"

4.2 Ribs 2 and Ribs 3

~
~
~
~
,. ?
\x/
0

~ . /~\_

,(;'

li

..

!:)

Put the two en-de<.I po ints IOCthcr.

Po

m ~.!. <.~
0.

/,

:;: : ..
/

Make c rea.~es .

...

31

Fold hmh ,, .
half. . nps

II\

Pull OUI
Plull oul
l lccomcrs .

~~~~lr.allplepedlops.hect

RoJI the tri anQ.I .

away from

yOu~

Slep 0 complclcd .

Repeal m 10 .
on the right . m

SquO\sh.

32

~~
Squash.

r.

Lift up th~Jlij~':fa:~~r~omc
Jlinching

m~

Fold down.

Pull the IOJ> J ~ycr up

r. , ., [)OSStb(c,
ght c:nd.
a11 ar '
pinching ts n
7

Fold in half.

33

!\1:tkc the pt)int s thi nner.

dividing tile ans les shown
in h:lif.

ln ~ i de

reverse.

Note the lum.hnnrk.

Ribs 2 and Ribs 3 C<)rnplcted.

Turn inside-out.

Make two the s:tmc.

Step !iJcomplcted.

34

35

~,

Pull out

Pull out

the corner.;.

the traJli>Cd sheet

Fold both strips

in holf.

ftnm the top.

Squash.

Step D completed.

Repr.:al ELl lO ([)

on thr.:. right.

36

~
J'

L.ift up the to

layer.corner.
pmchin(" its. ouom

Pull the to 1

a~ rttr as p~ss~bcr up
pmchins

it~ ri ~ hie.t end.

37

Rihs 4

Ribs 5 will be combined

with Ribs 6 Iuter
in the folding sequence.

Ribs 4 and Ribs 5 completed.

Tum inside-out.

38

4.4 Ribs 6

118

Make crease:;.

Add one more. crease.

ascs.
Assemb le,
using the pre-ere. "

~
~... ~ ~
,

Step D comp

39

~
~

------r~
v
ln progress.

Close back ,

smking the tri:trlgle.

Completed.

Rcpt:ill IB to
on tht.:. righL

tD

~~

<>

/. uu
liD
IB

. II

Repeat D tom

on tltcright.

40

~~
,.-: ~ .

Fold the lOp layers on I)'.

l\lakc the point thinner,

sprc:1d-sinking the corner

beside the ccn1 rc line.

Repeat

m on the righc

Pleat.
Use the existing cn:ases
Fold in half.

as ~ .

Be. carcfuli}Q{ to rip

1he pleated pan.

Ribs 6

lnside reverse.
Th is tends to rip.
lOt).

completed for llOW.

but willl:c combined
wilh Ribs 5 soon.

41

4.5 Assembly of Ribs 1 - 6

Outside reverse

. tu m(lke Lhe hook

~'" "'' ,.,.

Goi ng into Ribs 4.

Ou ~ tomofRib:)6again.
kt.:cping two p:1rts tog.e thet.

42

I Ribs 1 I I Ribs 2 I I Ribs 3 I

As in D m;sc.:mblc the: rcm<! inin,g pur1.s by inserting from the buck.

Give a nice curve ro e:ich rib.

Ribs co mple1ed.

43

Chapter 5
Hip & Legs

44

Q
v ~,. .,

5 Hip & Legs jt5.1 HipBone

~
1 ./

J)

Bring the top.

to the crcnsc lrom

\J/

0 .

m
!!

Crease two !ihcets

on cnch side.

tlckim: the lip

i~to th'C pocket

F ld down.

k.

N~tc the hmdrnur

s.

45

,,,,.,

Swing the 10

the right p pomt

hy folding 't 1
ami by clo;i~.. "ycr _in llillf
the let\ I
"bac k
to

'""'" "

w\V .

~'"""",;" "

Insidt:
rcvcrs
to
nllrrQw
th e 0 ~ bolh sides
e poml.

"B

Repeat a tom.

\ld

~
Pull out

the trilppcd sheets.

Note the landmarks.

46

Fold back wi th <lut

creasing the top sheet.

I
l'oldinthecomcrs.

~
..

---= ---

F -.
't

Open the lOJl

J)3t1 .

~l a ue ning .out

00

Close.

47

,....

Pullout
the trapped p11per.
Repeat behind.
Fold

lh~:

inside.

edges

Mnkc it thinner
again.

Hip llone completed.

in prepanuion
l'or the pleat
in tlle nex t seep.

Plem to place

the circled point

on the valley line.

48

5.2 Thigh Bones

0.
0

~~~/
..

Fold in hulL

~Flatten.
0

Pleat.
Note the hmdmurki!i.

49

~
~

~
(_}

. tend I he existing crc:\scs.

Ex

=~~

Outside-.eve~t . .
di, i~lil.l the ang k:

in haiL

Fo ld in hall.

50

B~
II ,
Swing one thi gh
ro the back
by plcotins.

Sink.

t1

Thigh Bone con1plctcd.

Repcatm to m
on the other thigh.

l\1ilke the left point lhinncr

by pushing in th~ corner.

Repeat behind.
Thi < part will hook

on the Hip Bone.

Pull out
the trapped pnpcrs.

52

~
~
'"''......,.
~ ~"~
:. .:

c,
imp.the ex istm"~ creases.
usmg

./...JA

m ~~ ~

~
l llhocornc~of

:$
.

--

__

C lose.

FO(.

Slr<lch.

""'"'"

lul

the
duml~~t
"long
lhc T() l)t layers.

~~
Fold in hoi f.

Otllsidc rcvt!rse.

~>
Olside. revc~e agnln.

53

d;
li

Crimp.

~~ftsc :md lc:tvc it

opened

to spread I he toc.s.

cl rimp 10 cn:.ate
~ 1C JlUTI

going

nno Thigh 13oncs.

Fold the cor msidc.

ncrs

Shank
l\lakc o& Foot completed
ne more tlle same:

~:1kc U C~\Se
t

o tc the l andl~larks.

Inside revc n;c

, . l:l!) h. iT as possible.

54

,-~.
,
5.4 Assembly of
Hip Bone, Thigh Bones, and Shank & Foot
~

ITirigh Bones I

Hip & Legs completed.

lnscn ew.:h top of

Shank & f'<Ktt into Thigh
This. ct)nnection is loose

Bone.~.

nnd will t\U}U ire some glue.

55

Chapter 6
Tail

56

6 Tail
6.1 Tail Bones 1 - 4

AI
~
To lhc centre.

Make creases.

Divide the distance between the two creases of 0

by 16.

57

i i I : !
i ...-::T --;-:;;\.,
-+ ../+Kr-
I : v
I r- ~ --y .. !
I

Fo ld the paper in half

and sin k the middle p;trt,
u$ing the creases shown.

Pleat

"~:m<':~s . "'-~,~~
<.- ~ki~:lml-.l:~:-~~-/
: 1-1 1--1-

V:tJicy creases.

'\

fL
..l,*':-_u "-+-I II

Makccreases ol d1amond shapes.

Mountains and valleys a1~ aht:n1med.

58
( Repcllt Ill to tB wi th the second " P )

('/
ID

rr.";,...- -.,.

Open up to unfold the pleat on the left.

Fold the front l:,ycr up .

Rei1lforce (he creases.

Fold in half. sinking the middle pnrt.

te

~
Unfold the pleat on lh c ri,ght us wel l.

Fold in hulf,
si11king the rniddle purt , uguin.

59

Pi11ch the other tube us we ll.

See the model

.8

from nbo"e ag:tin.

l. ay down the stand ing laye r.

Ple.m the stnnding 1nycr.

pinching the tuhcs tiom front and back now.

Three insidc-rcvcn)c-folds.

Fo ld in.

Sec the model from the side.

60

Repeat

m to B:J .
Tum 1hc l:ycrs insidcoul

in only 3 spots.

Sink. creating

a diamond shape in the pocket.

Repeat behind.

~7\

Swi\'CI I'old.
Repeat behind.

Pull out the hidden layers.

61

~ m

Close.

ltcmmcly
.<\
the Quter layers
tuck
inside each other.

~
1I
- ~
..

..

Pull the top layer-s;

down horizont:1lly.

Make 4 of chc :;ume.

62

6.2 T ai"I Bone 5

63

Fold up.

Swi\d boah sit!c:': .

No1e the Ji.J.Iltlmark.

Si11k with a diamond $ihape

m ;~
-. .__
- - I
&(:\

Fold in.

64

fold up the top layers h ori~o ntull y.

Then look ott the model frn111 the bottom.

Swi\el 3 pans to the back

3Jld one to the front.
Tot il Bone 5 complctetl.

Fold dO\"'" chc top layer~ hori lOntall >-

. m
~

<

~~

Lock the model. folding it in half.

Inside reverse .

- --

Pu ll out thc hiddc nluycr.;.

65

6.3 Assem bly of Tail Bones

0

Open the end

-6-anul ook at d1c model from the bouom.

Pleat.

...

Sink 1hc end

in a tli;unond shape.

Close the model in half.

Co1uplcted.

Inside reverse.
Fold in.

66

Tyrannosaurus rex
Pcrhnp.:; the mo!it f:tmiliar of all c.Jinosaun>, Tyrmma:wurus

rt?X

was one of the

lin<~ I

mc:H eating canlO!iaurs to develop in lh t! lmc Cretaceous period, some 65 million yc:lrs
ago. Tyrumro.murus re presented in m uny ways the pinnacle o f development in din()Siau r

prcdmors. The huge hc"d, powerful m:ck ~ 11d jaws. and gigantic teeth of Tymmwsaums
rcprescmed more killing force und raw predatory pmvcr than w;:ts possessed by rmy of
his pn!deressors. Forward faci ng eye sockets a llowed for stereoscop ic ,ision whi ch was

not pos...:; ibl e for early prcd;nors whose eyes faced sideways. This wo uld lm"e allowed
TynJmJosaurllS to more accunucly appr.lise hi s opponent's movements and the liming of

his nwn allilCk .

1)rmJml.wmru.o; walked on its hind legs ::md stou(l ubout I X feet ta ll. It has been
suggested by some researchers that 1'y rmm o.wwruJ may have walked wi th a more
horizont;tl postun: tho:m has been traditiona ll y thought und some, fossil 1'eeords showing
1)1rtumo.w uru.\ n:..: tracks wilhout the appcm<Jncc of a dragging tail appear to supporl
thi s thcury. Tyrcuuw.raurus rex was uppro.ximatd y 50 feet in total length and we ig he d
aruun<.l 5 ton ~ ;md in commst to its o th crwi~c mussive proJlOI1ions possessed two short
forc:mns <ll>(>rox inuuety 30 inches long which may l1a.ve been used to prevent slipping
forw:ml when it arose from a restin g position . It was recently disco\'crcd thm :1
signiticant skeletal feature of 1):ramrosarm's is the pesence of o nly the first two fingers
on c~tch ha nt..l . Thi s distinction ha.t-0 proved useful in distin guishing between skclct:tl
rema in s or Tyrtumo:wuru.s and some t)f its s imilar rclari ves which have ~m :ulditiQn:d
bone: (the third metacarpal} not prcst.:nl in Ty ramw.wmrus.
A ll hough often characterized as t1 slow moving, lu mhe l'ing creature who stal ked
mthcr tlmn pur:-;u~d il s pre)', some recent theories postula te that 1)numosaurus was
instead ~~ gTi.lccrul a1ld ~ l e nder limbed g iant , cnpablc or swift thrusts. fei nts and darting
movements which wou ld have made it a successful hunter against s lowe r but more
heavily ~nnoun.:d o1>poncnts like Tricemtops or Aukyloscmnts. Howeve r. <tS a hunter
it is mon:: than li kely that Tyrwmosaunts would have primarily pursued the s lower and
more vulm:r~tb lc juvenile dinosaurs of various sp~:cic s ra the1 tha n t'iski ng a potentia lly
lclh"l encounter w ith dangerous adults. ln thi s Tyramw.muru.\' would no t be un like
contc mpor:1ry JWCdators like the lion. h is also probabl e givet\ the phys iology of
7)ramwsauru.-. tiHll it would hrt\'e only been C:lpable of relatively short dashes at high

spcclls.

1)'ramw.stmm.-. finds have been almost exc lusive ly in North America (with the
exception of a .somewhat questionable find in As i:t}. Loc:uion!> whc.l'e Tymmro!umrus

skeletons h!l\'c been found include Montana. Wyoming und South Dnkotn in tile Uni ted
States, a nd Albcrl:l nnd Saskatc hewan in Canada. Two c1lntOSl complete skele tons were
found in 1990. one in South Dakota and the ot her in ~1ontann. In fo rmation from
research on these two finds is. unrt.\'ailablc to date buc h is hoped that they wiiJ yield still
more clues w help answer some of the m;my unanswered questio ns about
1)nmnosaurus.
Although it may neve r be possible to answer all the questi ons with ccr1:Jinty
thCI'e is no question that Tyrmmo.muru.f rex was a dramnt ic and ex traordinary
c reature. Though the spec ies perished rtlong wi th others of its kind the "Tym ru Ki 1)g
vr the Li1.ards" has earned un enduring place in the minds and inwginu tions of
people cvcl)w hcrc.

67

Chapter 7
Assembly

68

7 Assembly of the sections

D
Combine He.ad a11d Neck,
inserting, the bent tops of Neck
into the space between the hl)' C~
at

Combine Ribs and Neck.

inscning the top of Ribs
into the gap of Neck.

Combine Neck and Al'tnS

by lucking the top of each arm

imo d1e pleat of Neck.

tho back of Head.

69

0
0

Open Hip Bone" liulc

to show 1hc inside.

Hook th e end of Ribs

on the V-s l~:~p cd layc.r of J.lip Done.

Give u nice cur\'C 10 Tail.

Insert the ptli nt of Hip Bone into Ti.lil.

70

rvtake a stantl and lix the model on it with glue.

If mo1king a la1'ger scale model,
wiring is necessaJ) from Hcml to Tail.
(Legs und Ribs ' \ rcquir<: wiring, too.)

n~

Only the pole under Heod

m."Cds to be sharpened
into n wedge.

Sus1>cnding pole

Round hole

!
I

II

71

D
If il is 100 difficuh l o mnke round

hol e.~

usc n:cwngular pi eces of wood and support 1hem \\.'ilh snolllri nngular hoards.

~ ~'~..: ~ ~z~.~.<~t..>-!"''f'"''rd.,,. . . ...,~'}._...,.

~

~~

'<

'

=->?

"~

~-

:'~>

),~<--~ ~'

'

...

...

::.~.;

....

e DRIIiR"IT ~. . , . ,
Issei Yoshino T-Rex

Ske~eton

The Design
f''''"""-''

til"
H'""' ,., ".JAn 11"-"ir \\h ,,,.
""' I\
''~'IA"l' Mo~lt" ht' ~"" "' \.\,11' ,,! thf' ""' to~lf'ltt'.i

~".J.,rno

''-~""",,!h-.

>Jt"'f'l-'1 ,~n ~,,,1'\lf\.:'1 t'.l~t "''-''

I tt"'~<f' ' ' ' " ' Nlt TIC'tr"
R \ ,.,, !,"l ,, ttl.- I,, o' '"'.
dlll<"-'hl lt"lf'l'"' tll,U hh rl\,1 I'Ul1 ~~ I~ ,,_,,)o\
dt

&!,\\'"'' h'ul>\1-"l~" ~"I hi\

"""tt-l II), ''"-"'f'( ,,, "t

l't'"l<l th,l\ ,,, ol ,,,,f'<,l.h~~ "- 0-11\ tl~<,,ftoh, Ml

ll1 I!'

,1\""<l'l('J ,,, bl" t,\l,.t~1 h""' ,11 """lif' \llldd 'IU''"

H'l\t'\~1 l'oh ,. ,1'1\' np'\ n'IOrlt'\tl:"\1 1"-'"oJ"Y! lh.lj\t' \.1<1
Ill

tiwo..ln

\'t \ll'rll\f'o,_j

111\1"

,,-.n~

UI\\UI

'~\r.tlil'

Ill"

'"''''''"'"" ''"'" '"lf''~'"''l''''m l'h\"1 l.tnll""'''

dut>l('!>t>t.tn.dlf't'dl'l'' ":f'\,lll1.1t1Nlnf'"l'' lhrn~<.dfi

\~J dl'"<ll1"1 \' l'f' lllldto.,llr,>nl .'\ <it'llhi.t\ U11>lll \QU,\Hl\

The Model
''' 1\,>ld th" ""'11"1 1,:\rou<~'l.lll ,~urdl.hl'\i ,.,.. 'ld!Qf' t, II '
hXI!t ,,~n,
hi".W\l\f'<.tht "l.htnrH madl" t'Ot!'f' 1.."\jf h"l

,,,

1.\l

\\.I

11 d'l('lp th ''"I ln\1' !I'll" ,:1 qu.\o rtqUI!I",II<>t

thf' n~o~-..lt'l Nl'\\ t>.1. h lu.m h.k1 to. llt' lo;>ldt<1 '"'h,ut
Hllhll\j of11l1 11\1' Hlf11plt'\ l'>nt\ ~ll lh" ,l.,f'lf'hl!l to lt\1 lhf'
\.11\ 1'>!11! lob ol t.ll tht"hop h.ltl..lr't!
tht' hlUI ,\111\l
l!,>tlhl"f'lf'<l ,md:t,rtht'ht'.ld t,lldmollrthlollqtjl.tpt'r

.t,,

,, nn tav

,,,,~., ,,,,,, tl't)\1111' ,, tt,un ''' 1,\dr" I

Jh" fl'l('ld('\ ""''' lliU)III,Ilil dt'"tlllt'd ltl ht'
.t<.t>ml>li'<.lu""ol''lll\ le>l.-lu'q hut tluf' lllhl' ,h,tl \l:<'tll
!ht\ !('jlli'>\hrt ltl~!l !ht' j);lj)t\1 ll ll(l\ \IH~Il<) l'!l<lU<lh ltl h~>l\.j
11('1! 111 p!a,r undor oh ('l~ll 1\l'tt::jhl \l '"' h,ht' u,rd .1
v.(l('lojt-n h,mlt' .l!ld \\lit" 1\1 htlp 1..'ll.lt I Rl'\ l..t't'p rh h.lpl"
lht) modtltool.. ,, nlt'lnth 10

Jlu\fllJ'\"h

rrodu

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Montaje del esqueleto de Tyrannosaurus rex en el OrigaMIT (Abril de 2011)

Folding a Triceratops Skeleton

by Jason Ku

Edited by Jason Ku

This will be the firs t in a series of articles brought to you by OrigalviiT, lviiT's origami
club. We represent those in the MIT community interested in the art, mathematics, and
science of folding. We hold weekly meetings and larger events throughout the term, all
of which are freely open to the greater MIT community. This fall, we decided to take on
the ambitious project of folding a large scale origami triceratops skeleton.

The Design
This extremely complex origami model was designed by origami Master Issei Yoshino.
One of the most talented origami designers of his generation, Yoshino passed away at a
very young age, yet his influence lives on in his timeless models. This model of a
Triceratops skeleton is the second of two dinosaur skeletons that Yoshino published, the
first being that of aT -Rex. Unfortunately, both models are now out of print, but might
be republished if there is sufficient demand. Also, some websites like Amazon sell used
products and sometimes carry copies of these books. Many models in origami are
designed to be folded from a single uncut square. However, while any simply connected
polygonal shape can in theory be created from some uncut square, this restriction is
often impractical from a physical standpoint due to obtainable paper sizes and
thicknesses. This model was designed to be folded from 19 identical uncut squares.

The Paper
To fold this model, OrigaMIT needed to purchase some very large paper. A fully lifesize triceratops skeleton would stand about 10ft. tall and over 25ft. long. To make this
model at that scale would have required folding from 10 ft . squares. While not
impossible, finding such materials is relatively prohibitive . We instead settled on
making a half sized model ; a baby if you will. We bought a large 5 ft. x 100ft. roll of
heavyweight machine-made paper. This size paper can easily purchased by the roll from
amazon, though shipping can be considerable. Our first task was to chop this roll into
the 19 squares required for the model .

Folding
Next, each square had to be folded without cutting into the complex bones of this
skeleton: three squares for the head and neck, four for the front legs, five for the ribcage, four for the hind legs and three for the tail. Folding such large paper is no easy
task and requires a team of folders to accomplish. Many thanks to all the members of
OrigalY.IIT who helped in this extensive folding process! You can find a full list of
contributors to this project at the end of this article. The final size of this -1 :2 model
from 5 ft. squares produced a model around 12ft. long and about 5 ft. high.

Assembly
This model was originally designed to be assembled using only folding, but due to the
shear size of this reproduction, the paper was not strong enough to hold itself in place
under its own weight, so we used a wooden frame and wire to help our triceratops keep
its shape. The wood frame is made from pine 1"x2" beams bought in bulk from the
Home Depot joined together using wood screws, then spray-painted black. We ran 12gauge wire through the legs, ribs, and horns to maintain their shape.

Exhibit
This model took a month to produce. When we were finished, we exhibited it in the
MIT Stata Center for one week from Dec. 12th-19th. Here is a picture of the final model
with the officers of Origa:MIT for scale. Pictured from left to right are Michelle Fung
(Event Coordinator/Publicity Chair, MIT '13), Annie Huang (freasurer, MIT '12), Jason
Ku (President/Historian, :MIT '09), and Yanping Olen (Librarian/Webmaster, :MIT '13).

Additionally, the triceratops was particularly aggressive, having not eaten in months. It
managed t o get past our defenses and attack both myself and our faculty advisor Prof.
Erik Demaine. Luckily no one was seriously injured in the scum e.. .

Folders: Yanping Chen, Elsa Chen, Michelle Fung. Annie Huang, Jason Ku, Pete
Paterson, Yukiko Shimizu, Mark Tompkins
Assemblers: Yanping Chen, Erik Demaine, Martin Demaine, Annie Huang, Jason Ku,
Tom ohiro T achi