平成21年度大学院工学研究科（博士前期課程）

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◇M3（126−163）
1 Read the ibllowing text and choose the most叩Propri飢e word fbr①一⑤．

of且cials in Los Angeles said today that they’re going to C①）awater conservation proposal

that won”tjust ask（②）to change their habits， but calls鉛r recycling wastewater， too・

       The plan would place restrictions on watering lawns and washing￠ars， and it would

（③）residents to switch to less thirsty washing machines． But the most co血troversial p飢of

the initiative would involve recycling water−reHlling undergro㎜d d血king supplies with treated

．wastewater Los Angeles has tried this befbre，．but（④）fbrced officials to drop it．

       Now， though， city of巨cials say improvements in r6cycling．technology make it a

（ ⑤  ）option． The plan reportedly calls fbr bringing 4．9 billion gallons of treated wastewater

up to drinking sta皿dards by 2019． Los Angeles is not alolle either．一several other cities and

comties across the co㎜try are considehng similar schemes． And space travelers？Wbll they are

going to have to recycle their water． Every drop of it．        イ

① （A）reconsider （B）think ．（C）borrow （D）build

② （A）neighbo廿rs （B）residents （C）visitors （D）citi畔s

③ （A）plead （B）fbrgiv6 （C）encourage （D）delay

④ （A）critics （B）supporters
／「「
（C）debators （D）apologists

⑤ （A）tragic、 （B）space （C）negative （D）viable

1 ◇M3（126−164）
II Read the fbllowing text and choose the most apProprlate word fbr①一⑤・

驚sterday， Boeing anno㎜ced that one of its pilots recently took to the air in an aiΦ1とme powered

by hydrogen釦el cells． This（①）the行rst time a ma㎜ed aircra丘r㎜ing on fUel cells has

ever success魚lly completed a night， though robotic drones have done so in the（②）．

       The plane was a two−seat Dimona motor−glider with a．535wingspan． It was（③）

by engineers belonging真。 Boeingls semi−legendary Phantom Wbrks divisiQn so that it uses a

hybrid system−with a Proton Exchange Membrane−th翫links㎝electric motor to a no㎜al
propeller As a．result， its only waste products are heat and wateL Apparently the plane climbed to

3，300iもet on a mix of ba猛ery and釦el−cell power Once at th『speci且ed cruising（④）・the

pil・t di・c・mect・d th・b・廿・・i…a・d・・ui・rd鉛・20 minut・・at 62 mi1・・p・・h・皿輌th・nly th・血・I

cells to power the crafし

       Boeing doesn，t seem to have much confidence in the notion of some飢ure version of

this tec㎞ology powering（ ⑤ ）cra食． But as we repo質ed r6cently， there’s still hQPe魚r green

speed in the skies and it is promising that a m句or company such as Boeing is investigating

tec㎞ology ofthis type． It may lea4 to other competitors expanding their research in this area．

① （A）shows （B）indicates （C）marks （D）holds

②． （A）pre島ent （B）past （C）ft【ture （D）conditional

③ （A）understood （B）helped （C）damaged （D）modifiod

④ （A）altitude （B）depth （C）area （D）width

⑤ （A）co血mercial （B）．r6a1 （C）ima自n．ary （D）space

2 ◇M3（126−165）
III Read the fbllowing text and紐nswer the questions below．

Tbrahertz radiation， or T・rays， can see through clothing， paper， cardboard land nurher6us other

materials， so scientists have been touting their potential fbr years． A T・ray−based imager could spot

concealed weapons hidden under a person’s clothes or even identifシtumors without inducing any

bad side e館cts．

       Now scientists at Harvard University have developed a prototype device that moves

poれable terahe貰z scamers a li賃le closer to reality． Previously， the radiation sources were j uSt too

bi帥d complex．乃e Haward group used co㎜ercially−available n㎝o−tec㎞ology to develop a

device that works at room temperature，．and doesn’t have to be clyogerdcally−cooled，1ike previous

versions．“艶rahe貫z imaging and sensing is a very promising but relatively new teo㎞ology that

requires compact， portable and tunable sources to achieve widespread penさtration，’りsays 6ne of

the lead scientists， Federico Capasso．‘‘Our devices are an important first step in this direction，，’

①Which statement is not true？

（A）TLrays could ide耳tify a gun that a criminal・had in his．pocket．

（B） T・rays could help to find canceL

（C） T・rays have only been discovered recently．

（D）T−rays are also㎞own as騰rahertz radiation．

②Which statement is not true？

（A）The scientists purchased the nとmo−tec㎞010gy equiprbeht．

（B）．Capasso believes the Harvard tec㎞010gy is complete．

（C）E雛lier radiation so皿ces飴r ter蜘z sc㎜ers were tgo l雛ge．

（D）The new device cm be㎜without lowering t恒e tempera血e．

3一 ◇M3（126−166）
IV  Re劉d the酬owing text and a翠swer the． questions below．

Nearly 80 percent 6f all automobile crashes happen within three seconds of the driver having been

dlstracted， according to the National Transportatign Safbty Board． That’s distraction of any kind，

倉om a両usting t聴e radio， to drinking cof飴e， to using a cellphone；even to having a conversation

with the perきon in the passenger seat． It seems fancy tec㎞010gy isn’t necessary． to take a driverls

mind off the road． Neuroscientists at Camegie Mellon University have discovered that when

people combine familiar and relatiマely autornati6 tasks， like driving and listening to a conversation，

the less rooted of th6 two reqeives a lower portion of neμral a賃ention f士om what is proving to be a

limited amount ofbrain resources．

       Because language comprehension is something we leam at the e母rliest ages， it takes the

lionうs曲are of our processing powef， leaving our minds prone to error while we multitask with

driving． The scientists believe this phenomenon applies in some measure to any activity combined

with driving． Cellphone use is an especiallyやroblematic case；because proportionally more fbcus

is required to convey meaning and social graces in a conversation in which the driver cannot use

visual cues．

① Whiqh statement is true？

（A） High−tech devices are more likely to cause tra伍。 accidents than a simple cup ofcof陀e．

（B） When people c町out伽。 simultaneous automatic tasks， the less f㎜il飢task receives Iess

brain reSOUrCeS．

（C） The study into automatic tasks was carried out by the National Transportation Safbty Board．

（D） Most traf巨。 accidents are caused by iロcorrect use of automatic vehicles．

② V耐ch staternent is not true？

（A） Language comprehension takes up more brain power than driving．

（B） When using a cellphonp， more brain pqwer is needed than in a face to face cohversation．

（C） NVhile driving， even talking to the passenger next to y6u rnay be dangerous．

（D） Drinking coffbe is not danger6us because it fbcuses brain power more specificall）へ

一 4 一 ◇M3（126−！67）
 V Re劉d the text and answer the questio】ns below．

  Huge investment f㎞ds have already Poured hundreds ofbillions ofdo11即rs into booming且nanciaI

血紅kets鉛r co㎜odities like wheat， com and soybe㎝s． But a艶w big． phvate investors雛e
  st磁ting to塩ake bolder and longe卜te㎜bets that t亘e world’sneed fbr飼od will greatly increase−

  by buying魚㎜land，色貰ilizer， grain elevators and shipping’equipment． One has bought several

  ethanol plants，．Canadian famlland and enough storage space in the Mi4west to hold millions of

  bushels of grain． Another is buying more than five dozen grain elevators， nearly that many

  艶rtilizer distribution outlets and a fleet of barges and．ships． And three institutional investors，

  including the giant BlackRock fUnd grgup in New・Ybrk， are separately planning．to invest

  h㎜dreds of rbillions of dollars in agriculture， chiefly￡即land， ffom sub−Saharan Afhca to the

  English countryside．

         “It’sgoing on big time，”said Brad Cole， pre3ident of Cgle Partnerg Asset Manage士：nent in

  Chicago， which runs a fLmd of hedge ftlnds fbcused on natural resources．‘‘There is considerable

interest in what we ca11‘o舳g s血。加re L like United St翫es faαn1血d， Argentine．f㎜1血d，

  En暮lish fam玉1and−wherever the profit picture is improving”

         These new bets by big ihvestors could bolster fbod production at a time when the world

  needs more of it． The investors plan to collsolidate small plots of Iand into more productive large

  ones， to introduce npw technology and to provide capital to modemize and maint包in grain

  elevators and fbrtilizer supPly depo‡s・

         But the long−te㎜implications are less cle雛． Some．traditional players in the farm

  economy， and gthers who study and shape agriculture p61icy， say they are concemed these

newcomers wi11釦cus on pro∬ts abov6 all 61se，㎝d hot sh訂e the indus的；s co㎜itment to

  famling through good． times and bad．“Fa㎜1and can be母bubble j ust lik6 Florida real estate，”said

’Je岱ey Hai烈ine， president of Ad轍ce nading， a 28−year−old co㎜odi取brokerage且㎜㎝d

  consulting serviqe in Bloomington， Ill．‘‘The cycle of getting in and out would be very volatile and

  disruptive．”By owning land and other parts of the agricultural business， these new investors are

丘eed倉om mle5 aimed at c皿bing the n㎜ber of speculative bets that the脚d other．
un鋤cial
investors c㎝make in co㎜odi取m雛kets，“I just wonder if they neeごsome sheep’s clo面ng to

  put on，”Mr． Hainline．said． Mark Lapolla， an adviser to institutional investors， is also a bit wary of

  the potentia14isruption this new money could cause．ζ‘It is important to ask whether these financial

  lnvestors want to actually operate the means of production−or simply want to have a direct link

i・t・th・phy・i・al・upわly・f・・㎜・diti・・㎝d th・・eby・educe th・h・k・f血・ir specul・tig・，・h・・aid．・

一 5 一 ◇M3（126−168）
Grain elevators， especially， could give these investors new ways to make money， because they can

buy or sell the actual bushels of corn or soybeans， rather thanりμying and selling financial

dehv翫ives that飢e li磁ed to止ose co㎜odities．

       Wheロcrop prices are climbing， holding inventory fbr fhture sale can yield higher profits

than selling to meet c㎜ent demand， fbr exarロple． Or if prices diverge in dif琵rent parts of the

world， inventory can be shipped to the more profitable market．“Itりsahuge disadvantage to not be

3ble to柱ade．the physical co㎜od塀’said舳drew J． Redlea節mder of燗tebox Advisors， a
h・dg9㎞d m・n・g・m・nt丘㎜i・Mimeap・li・． M・． R・dl・af b・ught・ev・r・1 i飢9・g・ai・ρ1・v・t・・

complexes倉。孟ConAεra・and Cargill last year fbr a long−te㎜stake in what he sees as a
hgh−9・・舳b・・iness， Thg・1・v・t・rs c㎝・t・・e 36mi11i・h b・・h・1・・fg・ai・・‘‘鴨dis・・v・・ed th・t・9・

lease customers， m勾or fbod company取pes． are really happy to see us， because中gy are apt to see

Cargill and ConAgra as competitors，”he said、 The executives maldng such bets say that f申rs

abo血their new role are unfounded， and that their investme且ts wilI be a plus fbr farming ahd，

ultimately，鉛r cons㎜ers．“The world is asking．釦r more釦od， more energ￥iゐu see a huge

demand，’l said Axel Hinsch， chief executive of Calyx Agro， a division of the giant Louis Dreyfhs

co㎜odities，醐ch is buying te耳s of thous㎝ds of acres of cropl㎝d in Br毘il with止e backing・of

big institutional investors， including AIG Investments．“What thiS new investment will buy is more

tec㎞・1・9ジ・M・Hi・・ch・aid．“鴨寅ill b・h・1pi・g t・accel・・翫・th・d・v・1・pm・nt・fi・倉・・血・鵬．

and the cons㎜er will bellefit because there will be more suやply．”

       Financial investors also can provide grain elevator operators the．money they need to

weather today’smore volatile cor㎝odity market＄． When wild swings in prices become cornnion，

as they are no四elevator operators have to put up more cash to lock in血ture prices． Jo㎞Duryea，

co−po質fblio manager ofthe Ospraie Special Opporωnity F㎜d， is buying 66 grain elevators with a

total capacity of 110million bushels f士om ConAgra fbr＄2．1billion． The deal，． expected to close by

the end of Juhe， also wilI give Ospraie a stake in 57 fbrtilizer distribution centers and the barges

孤d・hp・necess町t・k6・p th・m・upPli・d with 1・w−c・・t imp・貰・・M・i・t・i・i・g th・・e essenti・l

services‘‘helps bring costs down to the farmers，”Mr． Duryea said．‘‘T耳at has to help mitigate the．

price increases鉛r crops．”ML Dulyea of the Ospraie fUnd dismissed the idea that financial

investors， with obligations to suppliers and customers of their elevators and fbrtilizer services，

would put their thumb on the supply−demand scale by holding back inventory to move prlces

artificia11）孔“It is． not in our best interests fりr anyone to be negatively affbcted by what we do，’うhe

said．

       Perhaps the most ambitious plans are those of Susan Payne， fbunder and chief executive

of Emergent Asset Management， based near London． Emergeht is raising＄450 millioh to＄750

million to invest in fa㎜land in sub−Saharan． @AfHca， where it plans to consolidate small plots into

一 6 ◇M3（126−169）
more productive holdings and introduce better equipment． Emergent also plans to provide clinics

and schools拓r local laboL One crop and a source of血el鉛r魚㎜ing operations will be j a廿opha，

an oil−seed plant usefUI負）r biofhels that is grown in sandy soil unsuitable fbr fbod production， Ms．

Payne said．‘‘V）b are getting strong response f士om institutional investors−pensions，．insurance

co血paniesらendowments， some sovereign wealth fhnds，’うshe said． The f㎞d chose Afdca because

撃≠獅п@values are very， very inexpensive， compared to other agriculture−based economies，ラ’she said．
‘‘

“Its microclimates are enticing， allowing a range of dif艶rent crops． Thereうs accessible laboL And

there’sgood logistics r wide open roads， good truck transport， sea transport．ラ’

       The Emergent f㎞d is one of a growillg roster of famlland investment fhnds based in

Bdtain． Last October， the London branch of BlackRock introduced the BlackRock Agriculture

Fundうaiming to raise＄200 million to invest in fbrtilizer production， timberland and bio釦els． The

且md currently stands at more than＄450 million， Braemar Group， ncar Manchester， is． 奄獅魔?ｓｔｉｎ?

exclusively in Britain．‘‘Brilain is．a nice， stable northwestern European economy with the same

climate and quality of soil as northwestern Europe，”said Marcつuschenes， Braemar’s chief

executive。“But our land is at a 50 p6rcent disco㎜t to Irel㎝d and De㎜飢k．驚jμst haven’t

caught up yet．‘‘Europe， like the United Sta‡es， is facing mandated increases in biofUel production，

he said， and cropland near new ethanol facilities in the northeast ofEngland will be the first source

of∼upPly・‘‘No one is going to put a ton of grain on a boat in Latin Arnerica and ship it to the

no曲east ofEngland to t㎜it into bioe血ano1，”he said．

       For Gary R・BIumenthal， chief6xecutiYe ofWbrld Perspectives， an agrichlture consulting

負㎜in Washington， the new investments by big Hnancial players， if sustained， could be just what

global agriculture needs一“where you can bring sma11， fヒagmented pieces‡ogether to boost the

production side of agriculture2ラHe added：‘‘Investment fUnds are seeing that this cohsolidation

brings value to them． But I’m saying this． brings value to everyone．”

Questions
① Which ofthe fbllowing is not stated in the text as a pur6hase by investment fhnds？

（A） Ethanol plants．

（B） Ships．

（C） Tractors．

（D）
Fa㎜land．

7
◇M3（126−170）
② Which．statement is not true？

（A） Cole works fbf a Chicago−based company．

（B）． Hainline works at a負㎜止at was sta質ed almost 30years ago．

（C） Blementhal works at a company baSed in Washington．

（D） Redleaf manages皐company that grows hedges飴r魚㎜land．

③Which 6f the fbllo嚇ng believes that the stability of the financial market could be

endangered？

（A）Mark Lapolla

（B）Gary Blumentha1

（C）The Emergent fUnd
（D）Susan戸a夕h6

．④ Which 6fthe fbllowing statementきis not true？

（A） Farmland prices are higher in Irelahd than． in Britain．

（B） JatrΦha will not grow well in sandy soil．

（C） The amoUnt of biofhel prod亘ced in Europe is going to increase．

（D） Af直ca h3s good transport facilities．

How rnuch did one・investment血nd raise長）r buying timb6rland and other items？
⑤
（A） 200million dollars．

（B） 450nlillion dollars．

（C） 2．1billion dollars．

（D） Billions ofdollars．

⑥ What is the m6st suitable title fbr this text？

（A） Investment Funds Steer Clear of F60d．

（B） Food Prices Likely to Keep Rising

（C） The Sh㎡nkage ofthe Wbrld，s Food Resources．

（D） Pdvate Money肱kes Greater Con廿ol ofFa㎜Produce．

一． W一 ◇M3（126−171）
VI C晦oose fヒom（A）一（1））to put lhe fb恥wing paragraphs into the correct orde監

1・F・・Wi・d・w・μ・ers・血・b・・t b・t i・th・・impl・U・d・lrt・Pl・・（丘ee；㎜d・1・te−pl…r・m）・0・th・

Mac， there’s Data Rescue II（＄100；proso食eng．ρom）． Ifγou’re lookin＄fbr data ffom removable
                ヌま
media such as your digital camera’s flash card and you donラt rnind using tools with a higher geek

quotient， try． 狽?ｅ f士ee text−interface application PhotoRec（cgsecurity．org）， which works on｛my

plat負）㎜．

2．If you’ve exhausted the DIY options or your computer has been damaged， you can hire

profヒssional data−recqvery services fbr more heavy−duty retrieval． Just remember， depending on

the quantity of data and other factors， they can cost a fbw thousand dollars． But if it helps to dig up

that Iiterary maste1piece you thought was gone fbrever， itラs a small price to pay．

3．First， s亡ep away f｝om the computeL The fnore you do aftεr the file is deleted， the more likely

your pC is to overwrite it． As long as it’s around， though， there are several software options you

call use to scan fbr and recover it．

．4・S・y・u血・lly且・i・h・d幅ti・g y・肛・・v・1・nd th・・．・・m・h・w．㏄・id・n捻11y d㎜P・d it？It

h・pP・n・・L・・kily・wh・n y・u d・1・t・a且1・蜘y・庸・・mp・t・・’s t・a・h bi・， itラs a・t・・llyj・・t m・rk・d

R）rdeletion． T車at means it can be overwritten on your hard drive by other data， but there’＄agood

chance it’s still intact−fbr．awhile， anyway，

①
（A）
4−3−1−2
（B）
1−3−2−4
（C）
3−1−4−2
（D）
2−1−4−2

9
◇M3（126−172）