Storage Tank

Design
as per
IS 803 / API
650

Storage Tank Classification

A storage tank is a construction or a container,

usually holding liquid's, sometimes for gases.
According to NFPA (National Fire Protection
Association), atmospheric storage tanks are
defined as those tanks that are designed to
operate at pressure between atmospheric
pressure and 6.9 Kpa gage, as measured at the
top of the tank.
Such tanks are builds in two basic design the
fixed roof design & External floating roof design.

Storage Tank Classification

(Contd.)

Fixed roof design:

Fixed-roof tanks consist of a cylindrical shell with a permanently welded
roof that can be flat, conical or dome-shaped. Such Tanks are used to
store materials with a true vapor pressure of less than 10.3 KPa absolute.

External-Floating Roof Design.

In floating-roof storage tanks, the roof is made to rest on the stored liquid
and is free to move with the level of the liquid. These tanks reduce
evaporation losses and control breathing losses while filling. They are
preferred for storage of petroleum products with a true vapor pressure of
10.3 to 76.5 KPa absolute.

DESIGN OF
CONE ROOF TANK, 200 m3

Diameter: (D)= 6.0 m

Height:= 7.5 m
Design Liquid Height (H)= 7.5 m
Design Pressure : (h)=Hydrostatic+150 mm WC, and 50 mm WC (vacuum)
Design Temperature=75 C
Operating Pressure=Ambient, Hydrostatic
Operating Temperature=4-50 C
Design Specific Gravity: (G)=0.85
Product Stored :Crude oil
Corrosion Allowance: (CA)= 1.6 mm for Shell and Bottom, 0 mm for roof
Basic wind speed : (Vb)= 47 m/sec (As per IS 875 Pt 3)
Seismic loads :IS 1893 Zone III
Joint efficiency:0.85
Test Pressure:Full of water
MaterialShell, Bottom & Roof: IS 2062 Gr A
Yeild Strength: (fy)250 MPa (2549.3 Kgf/cm2 )
Tensile Strength: (T)410 MPa (4180.8 Kgf/cm2 )
Roof slope:1:5
Shape Factor=0.7

(Design and Construction Code: IS 803 / API 650 )

Drawing of Storage Tank

Design Condition as Per IS 803

S1 = 0.7 (Yield Strength)

S2 = 0.4 (Tensile strength)

= 0.7 x 250 MPa

= 175 MPa
= 1784.5 Kgf/cm2
= 25381.6 psi

= 0.4 x 410 MPa

= 164 MPa
= 1672.3 Kgf/cm2
= 23786.2 psi
Allowable Stress, S = Minimum of S1 or S2 = 164 MPa
= 1672.3 Kgf/cm2
= 23786.2 psi

DESIGN OF SHELL PLATES

(Reference: IS 803-CI 6.3.3)
Plate Thickness:
The minimum thickness of shell plates should not be less than
calculated from following formula.
t= (4.9 (H-0.3) D.G / S. E) + CA
Where,
t= minimum thickness in mm;
D= nominal diameter of tank in m;
H= height from the bottom of the course under consideration to top
of curb angle m;
G= specific gravity of liquid to be stored, but in no case less than 1;
S= allowable stress; and
E= joint efficiency factor.

DESIGN OF SHELL PLATES(contd.)

1st Shell Course from bottom

t1

= (4.9 (H-0.3) D.G / S. E) + CA

= (4.9 (7.5-0.3) 6 x 0.85 / (164). (0.85)) + 1.6
= 2.89 mm
Provide 8 mm thick for 1500 mm height for bottom first
shell course.

2nd Shell Course from bottom

H = 7.5-1.5 = 6.00 m
t2 = (4.9 (H-0.3) D.G / S. E) + CA
= (4.9 (6.00-0.3) 6 x 0.85 / (164). (0.85)) + 1.6
= 2.62 mm
Provide 6 mm thick for 1500 mm height for bottom 2nd
shell course.

DESIGN OF SHELL PLATES(contd.)

3rd Shell course

H = 7.5-3 = 4.5 m
t3 = (4.9 (H-0.3) D.G / S. E) + CA
= (4.9 (4.5-0.3) 6 x 0.85 / (164). (0.85)) + 1.6
= 2.35 mm
Provide 6 mm thick for 1500 mm height for 3rd shell
course.

4th Shell course

H = 7.5-4.5 = 3.0 m
t4 = (4.9 (H-0.3) D.G / S. E) + CA
= (4.9 (3.0-0.3) 6 x 0.85 / (164). (0.85)) + 1.6
= 2.22 mm
Provide 6 mm thick for 1500 mm height for 4th shell
course.

DESIGN OF SHELL PLATES(contd.)

5th Shell course

H = 7.5-6 = 1.5 m
t5 = (4.9 (H-0.3) D.G / S. E) + CA
= (4.9 (1.5-0.3) 6 x 0.85 / (164). (0.85)) + 1.6
= 1.82 mm

Provide 6 mm thick for 1500 mm height for 5th shell

course.

As per Cl. 6.3.3.2 Shell thickness provided are above

minimum nominal thickness recommended.

DESIGN OF SHELL PLATES(contd.)

Summary of Tank shell plates

No of shell
course from
bottom

t1
t2
t3
t4
t5

Height of
course
(mm)

1500
1500
1500
1500
1500

Calculated
thickness
(mm)

2.89
2.62
2.35
2.2
1.82

Thickness
required as
per design

Thickness
provided
(mm)

(mm)

5
5
5
5
5

8
6
6
6
6

Shell Development and Weld Detail

Bottom plate thickness:

Refer IS 803 Cl. 6.2 for bottom plate

uniformly resting on foundation or
ground.
Min. thickness = 6 mm + CA
= 6 mm + 1.6 mm
= 7.6 mm
Provide 8 mm thick bottom plate.

Bottom Plate Development

Self Supporting Conical Roof Curb angle:

As per IS 803 CI: 6.3.6.2, minimum size of top curb angle

required is 65 x 65 x 6 mm.
Provide top curb angle of 75 X 75 X 10 mm all round the
tank.
Area of Curb angle, Ac provided = 14.02 cm2
Area of Curb angle, Ac required = (PD2/117500 tan G)
0.1Ws.ts - 0.1Wr.tr
Where P is upward pressure on tank roof (allowing for roof
self weight) in N/m2.
Internal Pressure of Tank, Pi = 150 mm WC = 1500 N/m2
Weight of Roof Plate = 1130 kg
Weight of rafter (ISWB 150) with Accessories = 450 kg
Weight of rafter (ISWB 150) with Accessories = 450 kg

Self Supporting Conical Roof Curb angle

(contd.):

Equivalent Weight Downward Pressure = (11300 N +4500 N)/ 28 m2 =

560 N/m2
Effective Internal Pressure on roof, P = (1500 560) N/m2 = 940 N/m2
Tank Diameter, D = 6 m
Roof Slope from horizontal, G deg = tan -1 (0.2) =11.3 deg
Ws = Shell width in compression region = 0.19 (Rs. ts)0.5 = 0.19 (300 cm
x 6 mm)0.5 = 8.1 cm
ts = Shell thickness = 6 mm
Wr = Width of roof in compression region = 0.095 (Rr. tr)0.5 = 0.095 (300
cm x 5 mm)0.5 = 3.68 cm
tr = Roof Thickness = 5 mm (Adopted, Cl. 6.4.5)
Ac (required) = ((940 x 62 / 117500 x 0.2) 0.1 x 8.1 x 6 0.1 x 3.68 x
5) cm2 = (1.44 4.86- 1.84) = (-) 5.26 cm2 ( Hence no curb angle is
basically required.)
Ac (required, for self supporting cone roof, refer Cl. 6.4.5) = D2/ 40 sin
G = 62/ 40 sin 11.3
= 36/ (40 x 0.196)
= 4.6 cm2 ,which is more than the provided.

Drawing Detail of CURB ANGLE

Design Wind Speed for Wind Pressure

Calculation: (Refer IS 875 Part 3)

Basic wind speed (Vb) = 47 m/sec (Refer Clause

5.3, Fig 1, Table 1 of 5.3.1, 5.3.2,
5.3.3)
K1
=1
(General structure, for 50 years
of service, Table 1)
K2
=1
(Category 2, Class A, Table 2)
K3
=1
(Topography factor, for planar
terrain upwind slope shall be less than 3 deg)
Design wind speed, VZ =(Vb) (k1) (k2) (k3)
=47 m/sec
Wind pressure, N/m2 = 0.6 Vz2 = 0.6 (47)2
=1325.4 N/m2

Stability Check for Tank shell:

Maximum Height, H1 (m) of un-stiffened shell =

(14700 t / p) ((t/D)3)0.5
Where t = (6 mm 1.6 mm CA) = 4.4 mm
D= 6 m
p1 = 50 mm WC , vacuum = 500 N/m2
( excludes external wind pressure)
p2 = Wind pressure, N/m2 = 1325.4 N/m2
p = p1 + p2 = (500 + 1325.4) = 1825.4 N/m2
H1 = (14700 x 4.4/ 1825.4). ((4.4/ 6)3)0.5 =
35.43 x 0.63 = 22.32 m
Hence the tank shell of 7.5 m height without
stiffening ring will be safe and stable under
vacuum and external loads.

Weight Calculation
Tank Shell
Dia of
Tank (m)

Ht of
course

Tactual
(mm)

Uncorroded
weight,ws

CA

Corroded
weight,Wsc

6
6
6
6
6

1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5

6
6
6
6
8

1331
1331
1331
1331
1775

1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6

976
976
976
976
1420

Total

7100(Kg)
approx

5324(KG)
approx

Weight Calculation (Contd.)

Bottom Plate
Slope = 1:50 ;Diameter = 6.2
Area = 30.18 M2 ;Thickness = 8 mm
Weight = 1960 Kg (approx), Uncorroded
Weight= 1568 kg (approx.), Corroded

Roof plates & Structures

Slope: 1:5, Dia:6.0 M; Area: 28.8 M2
Weight: 1130 Kg (approx)
Structure & Rafter = 450 kg (approx)
Total = 1580 kg

; Thickness : 5 mm

Weight Calculation (Contd.)

Curb Angle

ISA 75 X 75 X 10 @ 11 KG/M X 19 m = 209 kg

Stair way, Railings & platform:

Structural & plate work @ 210 Kg/M

(approx)

Height = 1575 Kg

Nozzle & flanges

: 870 Kg
(approx)
Hand Rail on roof @ 22 Kg/M run :
420 Kg (approx)

Stability of Tanks against wind load,

Operating Condition and Empty:

(Ref: API-650, Cl. 3.11.3)

Design wind speed (Vb)

=47 m/sec
=169.2 Km/hr
Corresponding Wind pressure, p2 = 1325.4 N/m2
= 135.2 Kgf/m2
Wind force acting on the tank shell = p2. D.H.
(SF)
= 135.2 X 6 X 7.5 X 0.7
= 4259 Kgf
Where D= 6M, Height= 7.5M,
Shape factor (SF)= 0.7
Corresponding Wind Moment at base
Mw = 4259 X 7.5/2 = 15972 Kg.m

Roof Development
NOTES
1. All the dimensions are in mm unless otherwise
specified.
2. The dimensions of the cut pieces of roof
plate can be adjusted to meet the site febrication
requirements.

B1
B2

ROOF DEVELOPMENT

DETAILS OF JOINT NO 2.

DETAILS OF JOINT NO 1.

DETAILS OF JOINT NO 3.

13-06-07

APPVD.
CHK'D.
DRN.
DATE

N K Roy
MSJ
SACHIN
13-06-07

SUBMISSION FOR APPROVAL

SDJ MSJ

SCALE DRAWING NO:

N.T.S.

CCPL/1084-T2-GGS I SOBHASAN-005

SHEET:

1 OF 1

REV.
0

Stability of Tanks against wind load,

Operating Condition and Empty (Contd.):

(Ref: API-650, Cl. 3.11.3)

Weight of the Corroded tank to resist the Moment

(empty condition):
Shell:
Stairway & platform:
Nozzle:
Roof plate:
Roof structure:
Wind girder:
Curb girder:
Hand rail on roof:
Bottom Plate:
Total:

5324 Kg (approx)
1575 Kg (approx)
870 Kg (approx)
1130 Kg (approx)
450 Kg (approx)
- Kg (approx), Not Required
209 Kg (approx)
420 Kg (approx)
1568 Kg (approx)
11546 Kg (approx)

Stability of Tanks against wind load,

Operating Condition and Empty (Contd.):
(Ref: API-650, Cl. 3.11.3)

Resisting Moment:
MR = 11546 x D/2

= 9508 x 6/2
= 34638 Kg.m
Refer API 650 CI 3.11.2 for stability check under
wind load;
(2/3 MR) > Mw
(2/3) MR = (2/3) (34638)
= 23092 Kg.m >Mw,15972 Kg.m
Hence the Tank is stable against over turning by
wind.

Seismic Analysis
( Ref. API 650-APPENDIX- E)

Nominal Tank Diameter (D): 6 m (19.69 ft)

Total shell height (Ht): 7.5 m (24.61ft)
Max. Liquid Height (H): 7.5 m (24.61 ft)
Shell Material: IS 2062 A
Yield stress: (Fby) = 250 MPa = 2549.3 Kgf/cm2
= 36259.4 psi
Height of shell bottom course (h1):1.5 m= 4.92 ft
Design specific Gravity of liquid (G): 0.85
Corrosion Allowance (Shell only) (CA): 1.6 mm = 0.063
in

Seismic Analysis (contd.)

( Ref. API 650- APPENDIX- E)

Overturning Moment due to
Seismic effect applied to the
bottom of shell is determined by
M= Z.I {(C1 Ws Xs) + (C1 Wr Xt) + (C1
W1 X1) + (C2 W2 X2)}
While Z =Seismic Zone Factor = 0.20 (IS
1893 Table 2 For Seismic zone III)
I =Importance Factor = 1.50
C1 =Lateral Earthquake Coefficient = 0.60
(Refer API 650, E-3.3.1)

Seismic Analysis (contd.)

( Ref. API 650- APPENDIX- E)

Constants

D = 19.69ft
H = 24.61ft
D/H = 0.8
Factor K=0.58 , (Ref. API 650 FIG-E4)
Natural Period of the first Sloshing mode in seconds;
T = K(D)0.5
= 0.58 (19.69)0.5
= 2.57 sec < 4.5 sec.
Site Coefficient S = 1.5 (For soft to medium Clay, API 650, Table E-3)
Hence Lateral Force Coefficient
C2 = 0.75 S/(T)
(for T <4.5 sec)
= (0.75) (1.5) / (2.57)
= 0.4377

Seismic Analysis (cont)

(Ref. API 650-APPENDIX-E)

WT = Total Weight of tank content

= 200 m3 Crude Oil = 200x1000x (0.85)= 170,000 kg
= 374786 lbs
H = Max Design liquid level (height) = 24.61 ft
Refer FIG E 2 API 650;
For D/H value of 0.8, Effective Masses are;
W1/WT= 0.82; W1= 0.82 WT = (0.82) (374786) = 307325 lbs
W2/WT= 0.22; W2= 0.22 WT = (0.22) (374786) = 82453 lbs
Refer FIG E 3 API 650;
For D/H value of 0.8, Cancroids of seismic forces are;
X1/H = 0.42; X1= (H) (0.42) = (24.61) (0.42) = 10.34 ft.
X2/H = 0.75; X2= (H) (0.75) = (24.61) (0.75) = 18.46 ft.
Ws = Total weight of Tank shell (un-corroded)
= 7100 kg= 15653 lbs

Seismic Analysis (cont)

(Ref. API 650-APPENDIX-E)

Calculation of CG of shell

Shell
Course

H1 of
course (cm)

Thickness
(cm)

t1

150

0.8

120

75

9000

t2

150

0.6

90

225

20250

t3

150

0.6

90

375

33750

t4

150

0.6

90

525

47250

t5

150

0.6

90

675

60750

Total

Area (a) Distance of CG

(cm2)
(y) from bottom
(cm)

480

ay

171000

Seismic Analysis (contd.)

(Ref. API 650-APPENDIX-E)

Calculation of CG of shell (Contd.)

Distance of CG from Bottom;

Xs
= a1y1 + a2y2 + --- as ys / a1 + a2 ---as
= 171000/480 = 356.25 cm = 11.69 ft
Ht
= Actual height of Tank
= 24.61 ft
Wr = Weight of Roof
= 1130 + 450 + 209 = 1789 kg = 3944 lbs
Overturning Moment due to seismic effect, M
M = Z1 [(C1 Ws Xs) + (C1 Wr Xt) + (C1 W1 X1) + (C2 W2 X2) ]
Z1 = 0.20 x 1.50 = 0.3
C1 Ws Xs = (0.6) (15653) (11.69) = 109790
C1 Wr Xt = (0.6) (3944) (24.61) = 58237
C1 W1 X1 = (0.6) (307325) (10.34)
= 1906644
C2 W2 X2 = (0.4377) (82453) (18.46) = 666215
Sum = 2740886
Over-turning moment applied to the bottom of the shell
M = (0.3) (2740886) = 822266 lb.ft

Seismic Analysis (contd.)

( Ref. API 650- APPENDIX- E)

Resistance to overturning (Ref. API 650-E-4)

wL = Max weight of tank content that may be used to resist the
shell overturning moment = 7.9 tb (Fby. G.H)0.5
Where tb = Corroded Thickness of bottom plate = 8 mm 1.6
mm (CA)
= 6.4 mm = 0.252 in (Corroded)
Fby = Min. yield strength of bottom plate under the shell
= 36259.4 psi
G
= Specific Gravity of stored liquid = 0.85
H
= Design liquid level = 24.61 ft
wL = (7.9) (0.252) ((36259.4 x 0.85 x 24.61)0.5)
= 1733.8 lb per ft of shell circumference
wL shall not exceed 1.25 GHD.
1.25 GHD
= (1.25) (0.85) (24.61) (19.69)
= 514.86 lb per ft shell circumference
Hence adopt wL = 514.86 lb per ft of shell circumference.

Seismic Analysis (contd.)

( Ref. API 650- APPENDIX- E)

Resistance to overturning (Contd.) (Ref. API 650-E-4)

Weight of the New tank to resist the Moment:

Shell:
7100Kg (approx)
Stairway & platform:
1575 Kg (approx)
Nozzle:
870 Kg (approx)
Roof plate:
1130 Kg (approx)
Roof structure: 450 Kg (approx)
Wind girder:
- Kg (approx), Not required
Curb girder:
209 Kg (approx)
Hand rail on roof:
420 Kg (approx)
Bottom Plate:
1960 Kg (approx)
Total:
13714 Kg (approx)
wt
= 13714 Kg / Shell circumference = 30234 lbs / ( 19.69 ft)
= 489 lb/ft of shell circumference
(wt + wL) = 489 + 514.86 = 1003.86 lb per ft of shell circumference.
M / D2 (wt + wL) = 822266/ (19.69)2 (1003.86) = 822266/ 389192.6 = 2.11
Since M / D2 (Wt + WL) = 2.11 > 1.57, The tank has to be provided with
anchorage as per API 650 E-5.1 (d), E-6.

Seismic Analysis (contd.)

( Ref. API 650- APPENDIX- E)

Check for Safe Compressive Stress (Anchorage Tank)

(Ref. E 5.2, Anchored tanks)
Value of maximum compressive longitudinal force at the bottom of the
shell;
b

= wt + (1.273 M/ D2)
= 46 0.4 + ((1.273) x (822266 ) / (19.6 9)2) = 46 0.4 + 2700
= 316 0.4 lb per foot of shell circumference
Ma xi mum Longi tud inal Compressive stress in shell;
b/12tb = 3160.4/ (12). (0.252)
=
1045.1 lb/in2
GHD2/t2 = (0.85) (24.61) (19.69)2 / (0.252)2 = 127709 < 106
Max Allow Compression stress in shell, Fs = 106 (t/2.5 D) + 600 (GH)0.5
= 106 (0.252/ 2.5 x 19.69) + 600 ( 0.85 x 24.61)0.5
= 5119.3 +2744 = 7863.3 psi
The tank is stable under compression as the maximum longitudinal compressive
stress is less than the allowable, Fs.

Seismic Analysis (cont)

( Ref. API 650- APPENDIX- E)

Anchorage(Ref. API 650, E- 6.2.2)

Diameter of tank = 6 m = 19.69 ft

Anchor spacing shall be less than 6 feet.
Minimum size of anchor bolts shall be M24.
Min. number of anchor required = x
19.69 / 6 = 10.30 Nos.
Provide 12 Nos. anchor bolts 0f IS 2062 Gr
C of M29 size.