2GLibrosBooks Lacaton & VassalTwo conversations with Patrice Goulet nexusDos conversaciones con Patrice Goulet Conversacion 1 Two conversations with Patrice Goulet Conversation 1 En rodondain roman: Jean-Philppe Veceal En cursivafin italics: Anne Lacaton Risen aes oy eet some 1, De donde se habla del coste, del luo y de lo perenne. ‘Nos gustara acabar con la idea de qe el ahorve es fa ase de todos -nuesros proyectos. No buscamos proyectos de bajo presupuesio pero tampoco los rechazamos, No es exsetamente fo mismo, Leyende Tos articulos publicados sobre nuestro trabajo se tiene Ia impresidn de que el coste es su punto de parila, si cosecuencia directa Otsiamente sucede lo contrario. Al inicio siempre se producen inten cones yelecciones muy ambiclosts Ta econornfa es slo el Fator que permite Hevarlas a cabo, sea cual sea presuy Fl cone, al igual que el terreno, es 10 necesatio, En este sentido, Is ‘xin sobre Ta economia del proyecto es pertinente sea cits la envergadara del presupteso, Interest la medida en que es la con: fin que posbilta ls aparicién de lo excepetonal, Ta que crea lox rmedios necesarios; algo que probablemente no era asi hace tan slo der, quince o veinte aes, Entre otras cons, permite realizar expacios nacho mas grandes. ido se dice que el arquitecto tiene algo de prestidigitador. La economia es una especie de relesin, de eshuerzo, que le permite ‘eve iusionista hacer algo muy seneill, my natural, evidente, * La economia e, ante todo, der pagar lo que se desea Exo signifi gest nar presupuesto ara conseguir, relucir ef margen pasa (as sypresas 3 alcanzas st, lo que se buscaba ‘Tonos por sempdo tas despehes de Nantes. faci pr neve ewadrado de que disponiamas no deena el prose. Un gran miner de decisions depen dian, eideniomene, dela iitaioneswibanstinsy normative, pa loc terios que acabaron por defini el pry tenia gue vx, ante edo, con nes tnes ideas ¢ fences soe co dette ser wn para dt eficnat: ropes ims luminases, ccranicntes de vidrio de ferjade a forjado que se pudiran 1. Wherein costeffectiveness, axury and perpetuity are spoken of. deo pot paid to this ica tha contetfectiveness i the basis of c don't go looking ie that we don't ferent! When we read article about our work, te get the impression that cost effectiveness is the point of departure for our projects, that they're merely the dieet result ofthis. The opposite te, obtiousy. At the Sart there are always very ambitious intentions and choices, and cost Tetiveness is simply What permite us to eealize them, whatever tl budget we may be given. Costefetiveness, ike the constraint among others, but we think i's Furthermore, let's not mis things up costeffectiveness isnt the prin ciple of less, of reduction, but that of hierarchy and the minimuan, 10 that sense, working on costelTectiveness is interesting, whatever the signifiance ofthe budget What's in fact interesting about costeffectiveness (maybe this wasn't so true ten, filteen or twenty years ago) i that it ereates the meats make extraordinary things happen. Among otters, ic enables you (0 softer said that an architect isa kind of magician isakind of thinking, of working which enables this something very simple, very natural and obvious, spy, nat ‘with a kind of obviousness. * Conteffetvenes i be all ing cde to trea yours to whatever itis 30M taant, This meons that you manage your budge to aro at ths, you dom’ ‘le youre be tan by surreal thet ey su get wha you wi Tats tho the example ofthe ofes im Nante 1) the money por sguase Inter that had eval whch defined the projec. 1 a evi numberof flea, some of which boon depended on city planning constrains and regulations, ell as on our oun ideas and intentions as to cca eof igician to make iyandrrp pri sbi omar ito mer wn cigar um oro nei econo ric, de iran, de con tela te og rise de paride Quads for deni Leet dear una mast atop oe fom defini prt rt, No pertimes ncaa ade contin bari ue ne resem cons poet she trod qu ure I Ne tes peo week eae een ets cee eee ede ee ete ee ‘thei, ls verso ots od confer El compromi con ajc lmao de aeons. + Ese apnnnimacion actia conto motor Hace tine o tina afr se conaderaba un desafi consul, por ejemplo, {leiiio mis ato posible ola mayor hi entre aposos, como en el CNIT o en las cubiertas tensa de Frei Oto. {ro que motiaba ext aproximacion, que entonces tenia que ver com la tenia, ano ex de acta El hore de Coots puede sr hoy ln mane de realizar edfiiosexcepcionaex Su interés reside en que nes hace interrogames tebre n Gaerne eo que sr nox pide En la meyers de nutes poy ex aprotinin acaba en Tuo fers. Em ln casa Latapie not init a conseguir el mayor espacio posible. En el Pali de Tokyo nos lexé a aceptr a ausencia cde revestimisno en pared y ures, af como in qulpanieni anim, Oblig a dcriminar lo secundario fremtealo principal yesablecejrarqias. {Evin ho xn rae ropone acon lt noe ens tures hge mayer: ro mace ara jtifcar en ma ond oft de dvr. No leno ti de ratracioes. La fata de mis hide mead na (fear ead por rence wea ex Sienre Res oie but a roped Ty er ure real rags ler ai eres fein on repr «eG fut eer es Nor cena toed de Lago, doe ns planta a pent: Yemen a opr ema bch de sr ert, akan ut Ae cr me rine, com er ember esis ar ure placed gsr dna] Rapidomene geno al ow Chia ts qu liane Cr mata mane de tba deinen arava’ mec pasta mpd el cade a on train El lj ide son en le mane la dimension de pain + Finef hovel de Lagan a econo se trade en es principio de implant y los procediniento de eonseuc ‘ion cont lov que to tentanes ninga nn para proponer soluciones coin. En chert modo, tenemos laimpre ete ea te eee a ee eee eee ye er Jmplantaio, nos permite evar slacioncsigieao burda. 1 Aue hbrants dete den presipece s esringie,habriemas mantenide cists dcsiones, coms, pr comple ia implant yla dfn dees lstacions Cut el mor aban? La qu dpe de mj ten, De a ta rer in tes popernes ene fac fia ei. sande popsnen nara epi spent ‘on, nerdy ie, ue ete alt in apne d confor, de lac ari Enel Pais de Tage nae premipuest erade wes millones de eto para una supefcke de 8.0 m.Eraun pre spaces ere ec: ight filed leks, ays gee from for tering ac ca beefed remit pre wo laae and go out Side fora bit of air ort snc acigant a illigentrckion of tater comfort i ters of heating cooling, soar sceing. Tha’s or pat of departure. Afra we seme hota crive a his and resp these bees win the cet defined by the Client We ncoor star! from the idea hate goin to bald inesprsive ce ask ous en ae ging tobe able ofr ours sorrything near. The fact of bulng nexprnsiely dsn' dering, al near lids, anda we hae a 0 crn sen tial quel: He spces, the sensations the uses rth comfort Working’ on estefftivenes helps yo get herein spite of everything. This approach isa moiot Twenty oF thirty years ago, you might consid, for example, that te big challenge for archie fect ins to be able to convene the largest building possible oF the most capacious Yoo! resting on just a mini of support whence the GNIT or the envelopes of Frei Oto. The motor behind! such an approach, which was the tech Aique at the time, sno longer of interest right now. Today's motor oul be the project's costeffectiveness. In any event, this movor can be used to create an exceptional, exttaordinay building, fs interest ie in the fact that it obliges you ask yourself questions well in advanc ‘appropriateness of what we're being asked 0 do. = 10a god pes fer ging in sec of or foun, slaions yu oun think off ym erin more cafe ccna, but aro frapaloging, or sting no hing hen cbt do hea you waned for tech of ane. We don {suffers ot of fasion Lak of reas hasoflen tren can ode dif but on eric, never exe, We've ala succeded in gelling whale cone 1 true that arsed budget obliges you to take a postion as to what you ean oreanmol do This wasn't the cate fer Ue tel in Lugano, see asked cuss, Ts the fac of eng ale to feat ousles anyding going ote us o do what wt avo doing dss, lk, or nsiance, using foc forthe sake of spending the money?” We ery quchly came to Ue conclason Hat as nee feasary to preserve our wey of working. and derfore we havent hanged anything our aproach 0 space an to construction. inaly,eury has seemed 0s tobe he same everyaher: 0 question of satel ‘For the hotel in L ress had to do with the p and the procedures of feeling that this approach leads tis towards lantaion ate con ‘cerned, itallows us to simply oid doing things that wouldn't be logical or inte igen ‘fect had c more rested budge here's il a etainnurd of things we'd hace ope Wo do: the implantation and disposition ofthe rooms, fr esample, What good hem?” The ne which has the et wie! Whanee the rversing ofthe facade / depth diary Sions. Ateroards, we sought to add 4 nunbes of edditional spaces, hight unexpected anes hat werent ees, but which mains added an entra bt of comfort, pleasure and sereice + For the Palais de Tokyo, our budget was 9M Euros and the program dealt Ihmited budget, then, but knowing what we were capable of doing, we worked on 8,00Da vas very limited for sesay to ty and go further, face area of 5,500. Iwasa yery unely, even if the budgetsupuesto muy limitado, pero, a pesar de elo, trabajamos sobre una superficie de 8.000 mi. Es decir, que a pesar de las Timitaciones del presupnesto pata 5.500 m°, nosoues consideramos que debiamos trata de ir mas lejos. EL job fna, no est Uigade al diner. BI laos aualo que super las expettivas ri + Un suelo de hormig6n fratasado estan belo como un pavimento de mérmol. Ublirariames mérno si fuera ms bara- to, Los dos materiales estin bien, ast que escogemos el mais barat. Sie sido foera menos caro, zutlizariamos mencs el policarbonato? Sin embargo, ambos tie tes: cl vidrio es un poco mis iso y un poco mis transparente, = Tani tiene wna rigidecy ana wasivided que pueden hacerlo meno interesante. Yen cuonto ala superfine buscamascl metro ‘uadrado a cualquier precy sino tamario que ade ints espacial ywabmen. Ex le casa de Cap Fr, ll const n die (poner de una vse; em etl de Lagan, en que todas las habilacicspartiparon de a ell de aga # kin la casa le Cap Ferre, la superticie estaba limitada por el coeficente de ocupacion maxima del suelo Sin embar- {g0, la pondiente del terreno era muy pronunciada, lo que signticaba que para adaptarse a él habria que haber esea- Tonado la casa en varios niveles, encareciendo el proyeeto, No habia nevesidal de siuaria en lo ako pero, colocindo la mis baja, el espacio inferior hubiera earecido de interés. Sin cliente tiene mucho dinero, no tenemos inconveniente en gastarto con éi: todo consiste en saber emo. A partir de ciertas dimensiones, mil metros euadrados, por ejemplo, no sire de nada aumentar la superficie, ¥ revestilo todo de marmol es menos interesante que animarie a adquirir abr de are En realidad, la cucston de lon costes es fundamental cuando pensamos en los dstemas constructivos actuals, La pric tica de colocat ladrill sobre ladrillo, tea sobre tea, baldosa sobre baldos y pieza de mirmol juntoa piera de mmo parece de otra época cuando se sabe cual es su origen. Sobre todo si Jo comparamos coo los sistemas atuales tan s ¥ Kigios, como las esructuras metaica y Tos cerramentos de chapa y paeles, Asi pcs. el tema del coste ex sobre todo tn motor que permite abordar los proyectos de un modo dlistinto, “Aparentemente, los costes el resultado de la inversiin sn cuestiones que slo preocupan a los promotores privados. Unicaente ellos se preguntan por qué un vestibulo de acropucrio tiene que sex tan alto y grande. Sin embargo, f+ una pregunta interesante. 2Por qué los aeroptiertos que se construyen aciualmente tienen, efectivamente,vestia- Jos inanensos cuando bastaria con alturas bres de tes mets y medio o cuatro? -Funcionarian peor? zPor qué eve ere- lento en alr? Sobre todo etianda pensimes en el empo que la gente pasa en ellos! 2Por qué consticayen sin po de reflexiones ofrece nucras orientaciones a los proyectos. * Novotosoponemes un concep lige de apuiectaa frente ao que quan dela dea de aomumeio, de viii duradera, que no se funda em las conicinen de un so yn toca determinadas, sino ene poder la politica. Pee ete estado de cosas etd rat ‘amonte spr, Dewhe hace fra ait 86 ada consented la vipa cbsolescencia. de fos efces. Sin embargo, calidad diferen nthe eto on? reed to money vey iat yo can do cre end ebece at ym imagined you could do. + A oor of polished conercic is as beautiful as one in marble, IF marble were much cheaper, we'd probably use it. For ‘us both are good, aeshetially speaking: might as well use the cheapest then. Ifglass were cheaper, maybe we'd wse searbonate less, ne? Neverthe, they have different qualitis: glass isa it less rippled and a bit more transparent SM abn has rigidity end Pl tha cam make is les inert. Ast safc ae, hel wr afr Bsn surface a ony fice dul intersting face the surface that provide volume. Is nota question of creating re for he sake of thr! Fer the house im Cap Farr, tsa a thes For the Datel n Lugano, i eas tha al th roms fof rom the ea of he cation. * Ta Cap Ferzet, the surface area was limited by the COS (the coelfiient of ground occupation). On the other hand, the ground was very sloping, which meant to say thot in order to follow, would have been necessary wo articulate the house on many keels, which would have macle it more expensive, Obviously, we weren't obliged to put iso high, any lower and the space beneath would no longer have had any interest. cient has lots of money, we don't sce any inconvenience in spending itwith him. Whats importants knowing how Above a certain size, 1,000n for instance, i serves nothing to make the surface area bigger, aid puting marble every ‘where is lest interesting, all the same, than urging the client to buy works In acy, isn relation tothe current system of construction that this quest sis fundamental 1's rather strange: this way of continuing to put roof ies on top oF roo ties, bricks on top of bricks, floor tikes next to floor tiles, marble slabs nest to marble abe. When you know where this comes from, how i's prodaced, ial seems to belong to anode pecially today, in comparison with stich simple and logical jstems as metal structure and sheeting. is problem of costs itaboue all a driving farce that alloys you to look at projects in a diferent way 1 first thing primate developers worry about, apparent is costs and what they'll get back by vay “They're the on sin isk about why a also Txnge has toe so high and esting question, however! Why, ‘doll the airports Tounges when in fet these could have s floor-coceling height of only 8.5 or tion less well! Why his additional cigh®? Mainly duc to the time people spend there! Because these are syrabols? These kinds of think ing take projects n other directions. # Ths alo has todo eth certain lignes in avchiectue tat goes aginst what's tof the dea ofthe moment, of the durable Iildng which is Bare, ot for use and gen och, It afin sting tha’ ba the Lines of somathing petial of poor As itis this cer is soma eset, Kor thirty Years ows one has ben conscious ofthe rapid obclcence of balding, n a. ‘One continues, rece ta base anes on nations of funtion aad of constr tha token arent of th Degg. o he end, or the Bie ton of building. These givens interest ws. To Vink n more lghtwoght terns, which doesnt mean more fragile OF Ios sli, move connection with the ay ee nanctures inde praducs, is. pexeupatin of ous. When oue manufacse sigue recusrendoo principosconsrucios 3 funcionales que no tienen en cuenta ie inicio, nie fin, mé la duvacn def fhe, Noro, em eam, eremos nla ligro —Lo que no quire dir frgilofoco slide — en sindonta con ta manera come 8 fabr- ‘a les roto industries, Cuando se abrica un coche, e pro tuna vida dee avis. Las reac cntense etd totalmente opt ‘mss Se padriateadar ete principio elo fica. Sean mas Uigeon, mes corte, inclu desmantaes reiclles sim resante rabjar sn penser que se construe para la erniad, ni siquer fra ls primes cincuentaavos. Dees forma, a arqui- tector piede 4 psa 2 De donde se habla de Attica de simplicidad y de poesia En Afica, a menade uno es tego de stuactonescriaturscas. Tomemos por cjemplo a Niger se wata de un paise Jeatncitamente po, sin naa que destague en el horzoney, de repente, como por arte de magia sutgen genes ¥ construecionesprecaris. Un minuto antes no aba nadie , de repent. Los mesios son eseaxes pero de alguna ‘manera hay que hacerse na casa Resta ineresble pero al final, algo ha sido constuldo, ago poe, Higero Y muy mocionante pots fyiidad yu cleanin. Al presencar esta manera de Fancionar uno se pantca preguntas, a pi Imera de td x acetet de La Mane Como on crea es construc cIONES. Es serpendnt eset corun cn que ct los acon Encran lt ralonas sin darks dewesiada imprlancia, La sluciin ‘prin prea py ea Sen ein rn dele tn Wivien Marruceon. Amba a cultura de ic pat. Exwve cinco aon como cooperante en Niger, donde wx open placate eae Pps A coe apes de dee Nase acta pee grin ciudad, con todos les problemas que elo conlleva. Visjba mucho, yess viajes eran sempre muy larges porque ls coches se teriaan constantemente Hay na gran mcr att de ta gente En pine tag or que hstria no es cre ls ni es dt que “the on dae hac, or x ben 0 mal, yen sudo gar, por seeped de encentrar come toque meen, de > ‘ios porejepa, materia extrenadamenteredimentrias (una ene relsada a art de aps ves) an la iin tcl, ‘amo olsun dba jopont mds madera. Poor wa gam capaci de apn y un enc le pr +S forma de wilrar acatros automiles es caracterstea. Les logan en pesmi estado Vson capaces de largaves ‘iain mucho tempo, realzando modiicaiones que aqufsertun nconeebibe, com, por cemplo, sprint amor Siquadocesyremplazatlos por uaveson de madera,o bien extoer las cdmaas de ate de Tos neumticosyrllenarios ‘con herbafresca de moda que no puedan resent 4 fade es poste mientras fanciond! + Son caces de serat la catrocerfa por detrs det asiento del conductor ¢ nsialar sobre los waves, que reeme Plazarin la suspension, grandes cajas ch las que vara el mayor nimezo de personas. Tod clo magniicamente deco 2a one pecs that it will have aie span of te years ls say Te cost sage fatr is completly ner contro. Yes could rea- Som the same cay Bot buildings! This would make then tighter re tansformabe, mae dsmonnuchl. 0” even invoke ther ds ‘abpearance. Is very inteetng o work wih the iden in mind tha you dot bl for carn, or even for fifty years. In this wey [venti would ls sheen. 2 Wherein Afia, simplicity, and poetry are spoken of + In Aiea the situations you find yourself in ean be wally funny. Niger: lat landscape, nothing on the horizon and then suddenly asieby magi, peopled balngs appear, the later always impenned. Before, sere was phi, and then all ofa sudden there's somebody. The means are minimal and yet you have to build your house. Whats great is {Mat finaly emedhing aly ets Dal someting very poet, very light and extreme ouching, someting tei Fragility ts elegance and is poet. After having sen Ut, you obviowy ak ourself ques ‘he fst place about the vay in whieh Chee bailing a erate Whe’ siking i, one agin. he comin sens th which the Aion act. Thea certain cat anda prod sou sae “wheat ging oo mach ponte than i de. Yo cle or he moment af pil fr lng bul cary inert And in fat thee’ ary it, unexpected note hat djends on ech son's re {As acid Tied in Moree. Hare the culture of the courity spent Five years in Niger on a cooperation sche I worked on diferent town and vilge development. Due to the inercasing descrficaton, many people came and scouped dhersclves around the wwe, Obvoinly dk posed sot of problems. Pve traveled to and thes ps were Bhvays extremely long because the cars ner forever breaking dow, © Ties ny mater ua n te vate the pepe. Ps falc sty das wih denon hm, aden letto them tha a's epg shoud or shod te doe ws goed rbd Sen de his wy of ching whats eure som ko of they Bringing tate, forex ston nimenay matin a te mae of Oss of la) ud ‘ict om the ates thal sucka he nes Jape baton. Thy have an enormous ec oregano, ad & e- sept lack of bc + What happens with our cars is peal They aviv there in avery ba state and the people are pable of making {tem il st forages by making mosiicalons that are inconceivable here ike Tor hasance doing aay with the shock absorbers and replacing them with planks of wood, or taking out the inner tubes andl packing te tres with cu grass in sich away that they never paneture spin, vcrsthing' pes as lrg a wor! They may cts the Doxgwork ans that replace the suspension install bighoxes in which a maximum numberof people are to st the shoe thing magnificently decorated” And al this srao y realizado en redo) ycarburadores.. © Pade perce exsic porgu aur Ios de nuesivas condiciones, peo. final, el resutade es sempre ux producto fryetamente adapta alo ques ropueria, Esa ela lcin que w puede extract No hay sistemas buenes 0 males, ni buenos @ was materiales “Hay cows que ce adapta a wna satin. Esa en pune respons erecament ln arputecar. * Por ejemplo ls escuela itiverants. Te encuentmas en medio del desert, la escuela es a Unica construccién del po- blado, Los habitantes habitan en tienda 2 tres o cuatro Kilémetren, asf que la escuela es la tnica representacion del pueblo, Tiene como maximo ochenta metros cuadrados. Esti realizada con estacas de un metro y medio hincadas en fearena. Entre ella, unas rams y unas esterase pad artor que se dejan cace sobre las fachadas fran la luz. Se penetra en si interior mediante un agujero. Los nines se sientan sobre la arena. En el exterior Ia hz es cegadora,cen- {ra hay soma. El so se cela por los interticios del teh. No hay profesor. sino una mesa sobre la que se coloca un. {clesisor. Una bateria bajo lr mesa cemectada a un panel solar proporciona la alimentacion. En resumen, una escuela se compone de un poco de paja, unas ramas, una televsién, una baterfey un panel solar muy sofisticado. = Un buen tema de flexi sobre la tenclogia. No habvemas rd o norte seb st orlacin? La eonologa puede ser inter Sante cuanda rs fuente de pace de uo, de cna de efcacia, ern soguramente no como ald decoration condiciones inerefbles:soldaduras impecables sobre a marcha, mezelando, sin dudar, piezas de 3. De donde se habla de los primeros clientes, de Tos invernaceros y de la mportancia de Wevar las ideas hasta el final. uses primero cles Facto, naturabnene, nests pedis. Hice ka roforma de su case. Acababa de finalize la carrera. Fue ‘muy dum. Mi mee rn queria combiar ninguna de sus castors. Mi fropuesi, sin ser nada exeional a larmés Se resis. ‘mucho asta que m padi hall com ella ta convenes de que dbiaconiaren mi porque era argue. Me ie liberia, ya hace ‘eine aos que viven on la cm ital satfecién, Noe nada petaruler x lee depuis tras. reformamos la casa de mi ta. Trabajamos en el proyecto durante mi ultimo alo de carrera. Cuando obit ‘Simos el ilo nex pid qe amplidrames ka casa, Fra una pequeta residencia obrera. modest y algo destartalad Tras ‘arias denegaciones del permiso de obras, en ver de coloca una fachada nueva de chapa como teniamos presto, con- Servamos la fachada existente y colocamos un imernadero, Este hacia de distibuidor de todas lay habitaciones. Naloramos mucho el calor y la Kuminosidad de los invernadros. Me gusta sentirme protegido del ambiente exterior 'ysempre me het araide la segetaciin y tedlo lo que es un poco exotic. flgia de los pies cdides! *# Cuando regresé de Marruecos tenfa doce afios. Me parecié que en Francia hacia un fifo glacial © A continuaciin wealnames la remolslaci dela casa Calenko om Burles, con Jacues Honddat,yconstrvimes la casa Latope ELhvmavn de Madame Uatap rs diacior de rcuta en Burs, 3 Urvana a menudo sus alunos als talles pedis de Are done tn incre structures dnt bre sn ot hesitating x bi of wach Cand carburetor: rhs may bast haere, hiner Digs th a then of the dey ha’ roc fo jets ade oct es tg shed fo Ths Bean you ms fom a het. Thao od bad rn, re or tet mauris Thr cr ing ei ee eae seat Yuen tris tn fom whe: pvt tc lo he ty hy rs cl tayo ak thant Yu on pact a pte weber eR ctamples noma chao, Youceightin In middle ofthe descr. The school he only uilding inthe il People ve intents thre of four Homer vat, the sco alo the ages ony wl sig Ar at mos tne of is of wood 1. meters high stxk inte sae, Other branches lie thee por togeticr anon opr fee saw are unsound ic fet the igh hrongh andar we hang drum oer te fowr Bont sien There's Fok forenching trough cleo the sand. Ons, the igh s ndings ins, hd The um on ‘eon tarough he gap in he foo heres no sholteahey, joa table wich cre a elxson a, der the {Sic teres fey a solr pane: In short a schol some ranches some army 2 TY, batey and ery soph SA pod aif aking cea chy. Hace wt our bc ata whet ring Technolgy inking he 8 aoe of Posie un ent een bu ny ete Artie prance tions, They assemble exquist '. Wherein early clients, conservatories, and the importance of following ideas their logical conclusion are spoken of * Our frat cients wre, of conse nr arent Trarganed ter house Te jus eft ele Iwas very hard. My mother didn want fo change her habit at all Withot bing really rerpiona, shat Td prope ype Hang. Sheree and rested, andthe) father explained ther tha it was neessary to tras me because Las an architect She let me doi, and they've lived very wl Bee ‘orton yoars noe ICs nt tory spectacular and s fl fie Benders We transformed my aunt's house. We'd worked there during my Final year of studies. When we'd got our diploma she iene litle worker's house, very imple anda bit nickety: After umpteen refusals of 2 building Tacade in shecting, as we'd forescen, we finally kee the old one ane! stuck a hor Licultiral greenhouse behind i. All the rooms communieate vit this green hous feel protected trom .e sir and the wind, and I've lays loved plants and anyt ‘© Mase it your nostalgia fer hot counties! 1 When I reutmed from Morocco, stage 12, 1 found that it as supercold in France. 1 Nex ce did the trensfarmaton of he Colleaks Hous in Bardeas with focques Hondeat, then we bul the Latapie House,‘wth Proo Geuet ‘en Rs. eli donde le comacies: Habion hecho un proyeco lo habiantesado «un constructor de cals, pro su tren plan teaba probinas. Su hermano ls acnsejé consular an arputeco, pero «eles ls paren que ea posible rata fara des ‘alcance. No wntan mucho diner, apenas 68.600 eur, logue comity, sn anbarg, a presupunte habitual de mucha gts, Bre fe 1991. AT igual que hoy, entences en Francia tampoco las aryuitctos estahonintersados en ete ip de demandes. Nadie pra na ningin ints ee tif de cient, Se erica rgulermentela maiveidad arguitectnica de tas resdencas unfamiliar 9 cxcindalo de ta marginacion de es argutects en ese lerreno. A nosotes os rain poner a prada nuesina capacded para hacer fertetales liitecones.Pdicameate no habia ningun ejemplo inrewante Eso nas mat. Nos le lr qe ahem ten dh lene exceeionales, pus las uair failias ara las gue hemos irabajado son tafalmente normale. Y,nelwvalnete, nunca se abi da aes es lentes que wos consular 3 na volvo fama. * Cada proyeeto parte de cero. No partimas de ideas «fori Hay que trabajar, dist, vista el emplazamiento, sega Ineas de wabajo que luego seranaandonades algo que ocursid, por ejemplo, en la cas Latape).Apenas dibujamos Ys rai ello no no blogucamos en ura imagen, AI dejar muy pocos tos de nucxto imestaciones pods ‘evolicionar sin problemas i legamos ala conclusicn de que hay que cambiarlo toda, nadie puede referire {joanterior. A veces es muy ripido, como en la casa de Cap Ferret. Cuando se conocen los requerimientosyla Kimita- hhabia permanecido sin edificar, a diferencia de las parcelas yecinas, por un problema de land a descansary hacer um pinicen verano. Se preguritaban sobre emo eonsegule pre servar el encanto de ese lugar. El problema estaba claro: se6mo construir una esa sn destrir las cualidades del terre- ‘no? El ejemplo de las parcelas verinas era descorazonad Habia que distanciarse cuatro metros de los vecinos de la izquierda y de la derecha, y quince metros del limite mari moterrestre. Estas condiciones nos situaban detris de la eresta de la dana. No podiames levantammos mis de seis metros ‘sobre del suclo. Normalmente creemos que es mis agradable visi en contacto con el suelo, pero en exe terreno habia arbuscos ce dos mettos y medio a tres mesros de alo que escondian la vista sobre la bala AL fina la nea incognita ‘modificable era el limite posterior que dabaa la calle, y que era la consecuencia del coefciente de ocupacidn del suelo y de la superficie permnitda pore! presupuesto. Teniamos realmente la sensacidn le que estas limitaciones dictaban todo el proyecto, Las ideas ur nas inspiron son rive, a cuales see ocevirian. Cuando tenes una csa a ore de mar, tenes ganas de ‘er l ma, as que intetas situate ela mejor poscion posle para lgrart, Ocurr lo mismo con resto preete de identi en Creaga. Te encuentra en wn terveno enbiro de bles sabes que drs hay un paso magaifio. AM pu, 0 bien cova Los dbo- les (er cso no sire de nada, porque etn por todas partes ne fucks crtarks todas bien haces na cabaiaen wn dol para oe for encima No hay ello nds de exrpcional Madame Catapie’s brother is school principal in Bardens ade often nse a bring is eases tothe Are on Rive taching wre ‘hops Is there that ae met him. They dene a design and consulted a pion builder bu thir rein poe a prblra, Ths bot 1 adie her to conse nec, bat for them an ait ss mao from eater pla. lay din have mck me, jst 68,600 ears, ehich i De mortal bude for lols of pb, all the sane, I wasn 199. rhe didn set hae ay ine ‘tlie tay, im ths tp of crt an regu Yn only eer head regula sete abn the nally of pslon vchiectre ned ‘he act at each wee totally abent or liminel rom this eet At the same ie, you could ash yours what you were ce ‘lof when canting suck consecints. Thar es racials no fensing expe This meted ws. But it. b tating to read that we ve ony ever had excptonal lens, caus the four families for whom reve ul owses were ‘compas norma. cinvoled poplin very differen sil siations and with diffe calms. And of ene ene eer ioc of ‘lt thre people who've couruled us and never come back! + Each project proceeds from 2er0, We don't have a Tot of lea at the start. You have w work, discs go ta the ste, do designs we Habandon (thishappened with the Latpie House foristance). We don tmake drawings, ot very few drawings, and thanks to this we don't oursehes get blocke by an mage. ln Feaving only a very fee races OF investigations, we ‘in manewer without problems Ie Unk its necessary to change evrsthing, nobory can refer to aa old drawing. Sometimes irs quiek, This was the case with the Cap Ferret house. The mement we know the demands and conséraints the house has o respond to, we realize that it's hyper-nocmal, hypesnatural,inentable. The owners tured ip and told us they had avery beautiful plot o alike ihe neighbowing ploss next wo the sea, tat they went there from time to time inthe i that they finally had the possiblity of build ld preserve te qual spot. The problem was eear, then: how to oying the charm ofthe plot. The example ofthe plots either side was awful. You hail tbe at leas 4 meters from the neighbors to both 1 1115 meres fom the seaboard, hich meant to just behind the erst of the dune. You could extend upisards more ters from the ground. Usually it scems to us that the most pleasant thing i to Hive on the fat, b ere were some bushes 2.53 the view over the bay. Fi h derive from the coefficient of grou by the budget. We got the impression that in act fact these constraints ig ©The ideas tha insfired uses bona, everyone has ther. When yn ave ahs tsi thes, yom ee Be wb the sr, 99 40m Ih or he st postion for aches. 1s these with our hse design in Corse. Youve alto lend ener in trees ‘and yu kes tat there’ raindance whe oer id of thom. Sa ier yom et dlc Utes (ns is sero for nl ing becawse dere eather all aun you Ua yes can’ cut dew) or ou make tine hose in oda to se over he tp of them Theve's nothing eptionl in ony of is+ Seguir con la misma idea hasta el final es importante. Es decir en este caso, mantener el estado del terreno, no modi- ficar la topograffa de la duna, no comtar dtholes, ni uno ni dos, absolutamente ningun. Y sal final alguns érboles smolestan, ya 4 encontari la solucion. Una vez hemos llegado hasta aqui, os clientes ya no tienen eleccion porque, fando nes hemes puesto de acuerdo sobre in cir miimero ce cos, vane hasta et ial. * Por este motio confian en nosoes, Sedan cuenta de que sabemarescucerlsy que rspetamos lo que hemes decid entre todos, incluso sie esutade noes exactamente el que esperar. Naturalmenie, hey momenies de das. Por Gempl, ls clientes dea case {de Cap Ferret exiahan tan convencidos de lida de mantener nde como ricntr cane la pein de gue la casa calgara de les, “aban prferdo ina casa a pe + Nosotros también hubiéeamos preferido cso im, pero era realmente imposible lewarla cabo sin daar y tasto- ‘ar totalmente el terreno, Les explicamos que must wos habia eemdacido a est Solucisn y-que, si pensaban que no correspoadlia con sus descos, més valia pararse all. Deeiicron confiar en novotros, Y cuando les forjados estuvieron construe y subieron arriba, se dieron cuenta de que era lasolucién correcta. Desde ‘nivel del suelo no habia ninguna vista, habia demasiados deboles, mimosss, arbusios salvaje, y no se podian cortat [Ninguno de sis vecinos tiene ta vista comparable. Excepto los que han cortado los deboles alrededor de is cass. 4. De donde se habla de confor, de energia solar, de ventilacin, de aslamiento y ora verde invernaderos. “La razén por la que nos lanzamos ala aventura de Ta casa Latapie fue que las casas tradicionales no nos parec genero ni espacionasy, en cambio, pensihames que empleandlo wenicis nievas era posible ofrecer expacies mucho sms grandes. Para ello, evidentemente hacia falta hichar contr ls reglas, las normas, los sstermas. Fra importante lberarse de todo punto de referencia y dirigire, de manera radical, en una neva direecin. Asi se expla que la casa Latapie parezea tun cohertizo, Ese cobertizn tiene uri piel alecuada para wna casa y la disposicién de sus elementos ele mobiario la transforma definitnamente en una casa. Esa actitud va en contra de las costumbres y supone un enfrentamiento a todas las preseripeiones, normas y regamentaciones existentes sobre lx tienda, pensar precisamente para ese modelo le de habitat que es el chalé wadicional, A partir cel momento en que rechavas es coordenadas de referencia, se olvicin las normas que lis acompaiian. Entonces se pueven imaginar otres sistemas de confor no my “alcjados de los de ls casas antiguas donde el aire pasa por debajo de las puertas, ode las vejs granjas, los invernade- tos para la agreultiza y ls pequenas navesindustales A partir del momento en que offeces mucho mis espacio —no el diez por ciento sino el doble el triple— puedes Considerar que I easa no funciona de wn modo ianiforme. Puedes consklerar que exiven zona calefactadas sila icament, zonas no ealefactadas no aisladas, y puedes combinar escs espacios entre si. También puedes separar cl += What's important is to take your ideas to their logical conclusion; that’s to say, here, to keep the terrain the way iis, not to moilly the dip ofthe dime, not to cut dow trees, nt two, nok one, none! And! if, Aral, some get i the vy to tell yourself that youl exeataly find a solution. Our clits no longer have the choice, then, because once a cer in nitmber of things have heen decided! by all concemed, you go a8 far 3s you posible ean with these choices. 1 That's chy they put their trust in us. They reali that we listen to them and that we respect what weve decided tegetier even ifwe dom necasantyarnive athe pj design the were expeting. Thy con hace thts doubts, of ens Ths, forthe Cap Berd hens, ‘he more tc were convo of he idea of facing the tes the more they didn't lc om to he idea of ering the hous on them. hg have prefered house onthe = Us too, ba it was really imposible on this land without completely tuming it upsidedown and doing alot of dam ge. We explained to them that ifs our combined analysis of the situation that led to hie solution, abd that they ‘hough itaidn't correspond to their wishes, it was better to top tight there. They decided to tust us and when the floor was built and they climbed yp onto it they ealized that it asthe right solution, in fact At ground level there ‘was no view, there were too many trees, mimosas, wid arbutuss that you can't prune, None oftheir neighbors has such fine view... apatt from the ones who've cut down the tees around their houses! ‘Wherein comfort, solar energy, ventilation, insulation, snd, once again, conservatories are spoken of ‘The reason we threw oursches into the Latapie House adventure is because we found traditional houses to be nei ther generous nor spacious enough, and we thought that by employing new techniques it ought tobe posible to arrive at much layer spaces, To do this, i was obsiouny necesary to battle against the res, norms and stems. ex Smportant to forego any fame of reference, to go for something vdically differen. Tis explains why the Laapie House resemblesa smallscale hangar This Inangar hae a skin appropriate toa house and the positioning of te interior moveable clement transforms it, efecive intoxs house In doing thi, you inevitably go against conventional habits and come up agains al Kinds of constraints ane ‘regulations related fo honsingand all those norms that are specifically created for the inevitable housing model that k the traditional detached house. ‘he moment you refuse these frames of reference, i's logical to forget all the norms, « ‘trans and ules that go with the. You can then imagine other stems of comfort that aren't so far from that of old house {in which, for example the ar passes under the doors orokl barns, horticularal greenhouses or ven sallacale hangars TThe moment you provide alot more space, not 10% more, bu two.oF three Hines that, you can really consider thatthe house doesn't function in uniform way. You can consider that there are insolated heated areas, unheated areas that aren't insulated, and you can combine these spaces with each other You can also, for instance, inordinately separate oubleglazing wo the point of being able wo live insice i“a cervranons doble acrivalamiento de tus yentanas hasta poder vvir en su interior. Estas cuestiones térmicas siempre nos han imte= resado, Cuando estaba en la escuela de arquitectuta, en tercero 0 en cuarto euso, las comstrucciones tolares estaba de moda. Sin dud tenfan su interés, pero los partidario de esas construcciones eran uns auténtices ayaa Era todo ‘nada. Un invernadero, por ejemplo, no pod ser mas que un elemento de capiacion pasiva. Orientado estrictamente hacia el sury eon un muro de mamposteria para acumular el calor: era un radiador cincuenta veces mis grande que radiador y ni habla de meterse dentro, Mientras que el interés de in invernadero est en poder vir en él. Loesen- cial reside siempre en algarve del confort normativo. reglamentado, estindar *Elcanfot, desi el puste de sta de las normas, no e mas qu elas y cifras, mientras gui, en realidad, se trae ant todo dena sensacin. Por suerte n les enceges particulars toda hay un onganisno gue vege controlar tae lo qu haces. Ta respon- ‘abide es nin eomplia. Trabajenon para a ier prioad porque au no xtamoxsometdes Io sisenas de Conte de ones pls, Los erro de confor defen de otra meiner # Lo importante es que la casa sea confortable y no eueste mucho de calefactar + Una casa pede ne capi con la nermatva su consecuencia, ser ddlrada no confrible, mientras que los que ta habitan ‘eran tode oar la jgan como peretamente grade para vir! * Un invernadero es confortable durante la mayor parte del aio, inluyendo el insierno. El invermadero de la casa Laupie se utiliza mucho mas tempo del previsto, pero sin embargo, no durante todo el afo. Hay diferencias. En ele to, es casa funciona por combinaciones que dependen de lo que ocurre en el exterios, del calor, del so, cela Esto le otorga tna riqueza de I que los propietarios han aprendide ripidamente a difrutar, Ocurre lo mismo en Ia «casa Coutras. Sus habitantes comprendieron muy ripidamente sx funeionamicnto térmico y dénde staarse en cada momento, Y no sélo sein la temperatura. De noche, por ejemplo, no te apetece estar rodeo de oxcuridad y probs Dlemente prefieras estar en un volumen de dimensiones mis reducidas. Lo interesante son los intercambios. Hace tiempo que trabajamos con ellos. Comen7s en Afica Las condiciones son fan extremas que Jos problemas térmicos se plantean con toda claridad. En Niamey, donde vivia, por ejemplo, las temperaturas noche se mantenian entorno a los 35-30 grados, segufan siendo bastante calurosas. El habitat tradicional es el chami- 20. Su principio consist en proctirar sombray deja pasar elaine, Se vive mitad dentro, mitad fuera. Mis al norte hace ‘un poco més de calor durante el dia (alnededor de 4350 grados), pero durante la noche las temperaturas pueden dex ‘ender 45-10 grados. Agi encontramos sistemas de habiaeiGn que fncionan como radiadores, con mites de Berra ‘seca que, calentados durante el dia por el sol, devuelven durante la noche el calor almacenado. Estas cacis nos permitieron comprender la base del funcionamienta de ls invernaderox No tiene nada que ver con Tos sistemas de calefaccin que se uilzan para el hogar. El principio consiste en aprovechar las condiciones externas, "These thermal questions have always interested us. When Iwas at college inthe third or fourth year, the fashion was {for solacheated buildings Iwas inceresting, bur the partisans ofthese buildings were tie Ayatllads k asl oF Nth ing. A conservatory fr example, could only be an element of passive heating. Facing south, witha through-stone wall to accumulate the heats twas a radiator five times bigger than a radiator, and there was no question of going inside! Whereas a conservatory is only interesting ifyou ean ive in it, obviously, The main thing, then, is always to keep you self aa disance from normatke, prescribed, sendard notions of comfort. = Confer in terms ofthe specifications, is mary rales and figures, whereas in reality i's itl a sensation, afte all. Luci for @ private hue thre in am author, et sehich cena whet yon da 1s your ene responsi, hee! We ror thi way lin th case of private houses base we dan cme gains theses of con that exis for public buildings. Th evra of com forte defined diferent, * What's important is thatthe house is comfortable and doesa’t cost too much in heating terms. 1A house can be ued to be outside the norms and therfore incomfotabe,teeras the people ha lie tall year round find t ust righ ed highly egreable lve int ‘A conservatory is comfortable for most ofthe year, melding winter The Latapie conservatory i used for much longer than foreseen, but not all dhe ine, however. This won't be ilentcal. In fat, whats good is that this house functions fn 2 set of combinations of spaces which depend on whats happening outside, on the amount of heat, the st, rain, This gives the house a richness they've very quickly learnt how to make use of: The same goes forthe house Cowra. The inhabitants there very quickly understood its thermal functioning, in fat, and hence the moment which to be in one space or another. Atnight, for example, you don't necessarily want to be surrounded by darkness And you may prefer to be ina volume ofa smaller size. Is the interchanges that are interesting. ‘We worked on this forages. It began in Africa. The conditions there are so extreme that heat problems soon become iple in Niamey, where Las ving, the daytime temperatures reached 40-45" wl Of IS to provide shade and let the air pase through. No i during the day (around 48-50"), but at night the temperature can fll wo 5-10", so there you find, instead, systems that function lke radiators, with adobe walle which, heated by the sun by day, give back the stored heat during the night "This enabled us to realy grosp how consersatories function, This has nothing to do with the heating systems used by the helling. The main principles, n effet, to tke akcantage ofthe onside cone-tions to tame them, mars them, ane form them. Its the opposte, then, of what you do for the dwelling tha's insulated and protected against the outside For the Latapie House we wanted to be sure of Being able to heat i, but the budget was so srall that no engineer want: ced to work on it, s0 we went to consult the ADEME (the Association for EnengySaving). We discovered that on the onedomesticus, maja y ranormasie. Es lo contaro de un amblenic ques ala y defence conto exteror. laces Latipleqerfanostuepura un buen confor emi, peroe presupucaoers as node qe naga lg nicro quit trabajar on ella Entonce simor a consti a ADEME (Asocsion pa el Ahocro de Energia): Al de iris que mitts unos se encargaban de Ta coeaion seria de lon Ivers para iho tons ‘ldician a hvsends: No habia rnfinacomanicarén entre rox: Lo prisnrosseocopaban de ranspareni Ignorant el problem dea csonguda. Eloi el sca de vendlacion ys dimensioned os clerics aap ‘Enter ern lo temas importants Lor segundos do ablaen dena dew, de pes ermine reduc as dlmensones de las ventas a no nds de too dos metos cuando y dese del exterior ‘Un tmernadero dene una inerela my Gi pro, por owo lado pee caletan con eds iewe ayo de sly an- fener] calor mnemra el al rll, Ed gu introe a tnperaina pred sr de 9029 graces angus cn el cxcor ‘Ste $gedon Eno ofca que ons tn cea daa ermicrente pec ar tveracero ree or aes ee crante Eka de a Som venta ren sole elmer las axes cnn brill ol el ‘alr enart en elinteroe dela cats, Bast cot ara aege eas enna yl alr penance en eine ae Serene "brivis dt Univiad de Ce oo fecione ion psi de cafe componente ts tenperare oj ccs rida, prt spans dt eg hed Ek cd nash dt eto, de innrnodre9 tela ete used Shady eimatioda were anbto de bs perc lor it al ime cl arinalanientodoble pore hey en di ten el mismo pedo, ya veces rena mds economic, que be ventas normale Pita Gora: ta semana pata con el ei de ob de lox pos que ramon a consruren Molle. Questa vista la ‘sn de Coutras porque coba un poco preocupsdoy rece de ete po de contrucén, Se quedo my suombra Go: Enel imermaier hac un lar ccc eh plo co Mc pregunta cl dopo monic de vention funciona, Ace aber de ls bene en cnco mites Ia emperatr ra agate. Cinco a prope rallegd ke pregunié pr qué el anonaismo abla do dexcneciad, Me expe) que Cuando hai fie Io certaban parsconierarclcaoe al ents que en verano, mandeiacculacion de ates cea A erence sve Menno mcr carrer a cacincion 1 sigur cn ce, Lin propitarcs hn pend a tance per {ectamenteefuncosamiento clio de aca sproectand as posible eo invader. Tin algo absurda en os cleo ees ngeicros: us inn cn eocnia alo babies, ques icon, abven Ia ‘estan, entra, sen, rece a# igos. cant opi ur codes edu conte Hy ene go 25 rides mpi sna ie ice yu ob nan 18 re. hand they were interested in the thermology of horticultural greenhouses, and on the other, in that of housing. Without any communication between the ovo, of course. In the fist, ane worries about ansparency and one ignores airsightness. What count the sin, the wentition sistem and the everal size ofthe transparent elements. Inthe se. ‘ond, onc only speaks of glass wool, thermal bridges, windows that must be no bigger than ene oF two square meters, of Insuistion from the outaide. ‘A conservatory has very Iow thermal inert, On the other band, with the east ray of sunshine i's capable of filing {up with heat and conserving this for as long ait shines, Inside it may be 20.25", even Mf outside its 8° This means that iyo have an insulated house atachei toa conservatory: it willbe heated by this conservatory for half the day. Ifyou ‘nave windows giving onto the conservatory and you! open them when the sun shines, the Heat enters the house Nex, iauffices to elese these windows again forthe heat vo remain trapped at night. 1 nthe consrcetones in Grenoble a airy Beating eye i tigi at 5° to protec he sling from fot Cours there tre ta envelpes the greatanaseenclope aed tha of the house, whi nsaatea ard heated We used double glaring there since today i costs the sume, if not slightly les, i terms of profiles lazing. T went to Coutras lst week with the chief contractor of the chellings we have to do in Mulhouse. He wanted to visi the ‘Coutras house because he was bit worried and was racking his brains about this type of construction sytem. He's been realy snsved, In the greeahonse Kas neredibly warn, even in mid-Augarnn. Ket automate ventilation spsem work 1g? T wondered, I triggered the opening of the sliding panels and in five minutes the temperature was very pleasant. ‘When the proprietor arived, Lasked her why the aitomatic ster was tired off. The proprietor explained dua in the cold season they turn off the automatic venilaion panels of the yreenhouses in order to keep all the heat inside, the tosunmme, when air eeculaion feces She explained tou that this wa, even in October, they dont need that they were the only poople in ther village who didn't need to turn it on. They've learnt to perfectly imgster the elimatie Fanetioning ofthe house so 2s to profit tothe full from the capabilites offered by the gieenhotses. Even so, these’ something aberrant inl the engineers’ calelations: they never take into aecount the inhabitants who ‘move abot, open the windows, enter, leave, receive thelr frends ‘Nor do they consider the essesnen partelar prev mahes of his or er eum comfort. bn fact Uae ae people whe, at 25% ate just nity rm, and ier who, at 18 are ing. ‘And yet it scems normal tha there’ someone in a house! We've had the same problem in the Paks de Tokyo. The ‘engineer wanted {0 installa jstem of shafts for the ventilation, While twas enough just to admit thatthe public ws {going to enter and exit from the building and that the ventilation was thus going to take care of itself. And this vent= Tation was more hygienic, t0 boot! ormal lass as“no crnoantions embargo parece normal que en wna casa haya alguien! Tusimos el mismo problema en el Palas ele Tokyo. ED Ta ventlacion, mientras que bastaba con entender que el publi ccoiba aentrary sli de edificio y que, por consiguiemte, la venlacin iba a realizarse por sf misma. Ademés, exe tipo ‘de ventilacion es mis higienico. 5. De donde se habla de agriultura, de tecnologia, de Ia chapa y del policarbonato + Gada afi, yainos al sala de Villepinte para yer el progreso de los invernaderos agricolas Es fascinamte. Una buena ‘manera de cambiar las referencias, En agricultura, la unidad de media es la hectarea. Dispositivossencillos gestionan. ‘estas hectateas en iétmines de estructura, res, peotenilese invernaderos, Es muy suigerente, Hay seria, igor, ‘aciay siempre se yaa lo esencial + Batimat ay casas muy nnevadors¢intersanis, fer geneadente elo aces. La innovacién no reside en os materia- [es deconstrucion. Aquos considerades innovadares, cma, por cept, los matanles compuests,prevonen generalment dee slags var ares Av qe ne inter iene masque cn ne lye no adie pensad. ‘Tambien nos interesan la fbrica, los almacenes, los supermercados, las naves agricola, las granjas, los sparea- Para nucstras estructuras de acero siempre tabajamos con el mismo ingeniero. Nos entendemos realmente bien con 41, Colabord con nosottes en el proyecto de la cast Latapie, Suele taba para a industria, las plataformas pewole- ris y los poligonos industrales La estética no entra dentro de sus preociupaciones. Entendio bien nuestros abjetivos hnuestras prencupaciones por el cose. Saba quee quetfamos constr un edlifci sido al menor caste posible. En ks cestrcturss metalicas, con un precio del hilo de cero que se mantiene alrededor de Jos 1,84 euros por hilo, a relacion fenire el peso y el precio es my diet, * Desde la experiencia dela casa Latapie sabe que no estamos csesionados por una “etic dela etructura’ sino que nor gusta tra Injen de cera la fcc dees stoma Po exe motivo, en ici de Nantes ta seca dels pares dsminuse et cada pis. Desde ‘intron del edfcio eta disminucin dels pilares roweca ana sencacion de igereca, pero ell noo la contcuencia de na fre ‘nica exten, Exum elif campldamente tradicional en cuanto ev cemstraccifn, per no en cuanto Hs * Nosotros queremos ir hasta el final dela Logica del promotor privado que yaa alquila ls oficinas. Como producir cl mayor mimero de mettos cuadrados vendibles? * De entrada, nssivos hubiéramnes prferid desarrllar wn edifici continue sobre la calle, pre, dio a las normativeswabanist ‘0s, on en fein pera nas una serra parte dela superficie difiable. Le formes enn comsecuencia deca de ees regain ‘nes Nex eritis constr la mésima cantdad de metres euadrados, es deci, 3.500 w. Per dba de 2.200-2.000 mila oper ‘lin rn ea viele. Probie a suerfiie sia era ners vcs también et esprr dela construc al nina 5. Wherein agriculture, technology, sheeting, and polyearbonate are spoken of. + Every year we go tothe Villepinte Trade Fair to see the latest agricultural greenhouses. I's good way of “losing your beatings” For agticaiure, the unit of mea “They've invented allsorts of simple devices for onya ‘grounds, There's lot tobe inspired by. more rigorous, spo nd alvay relates to wha’s ese * AL Batiuat thee are very innate and interesting dings, Du maint nthe acessoy line. The inmovaton isnt so much inthe tri. Tr materials er as bring inate, sr as composite marie, usualy ce from cats and ance tecnaogies Thenfore, is more the use angle we wouldn't have thought ofthat we lok towards 4 We're also extremely interested in factories, warehouses, permet, agricultural sheuls,Earms, ear paks th these engineer for the metal structures. We get on really well with him. He's the one we worked with on the Latapie House project. He works alo for industy, for eibrigs and launch pads... Aesthetics aten't his eon ‘em. He seadiy understood our objectives and our concer about costeticiency: He knew we wanted fo construct solid building: my cost In metal seving thatthe cox is always 182 euros the hilo, thete’san absolutely diect relationship between weight and price 4 Boer snc the Latopie thing he kes so aon’ ose Oy on “esthetic of the sre but that onthe othe had wed het be as exacting e posse about systems effin. This explains, of cours, chy in Nantes the etn ofthe pats diminishes rom sary This dination ofthe pts also considerably reduces the feling yo get nthe ulin, but i is ¥ the outcome ofan apron acs ‘etc Nantes abun thats eboltely case i i comstracton, tno a al a fe as usages eonerena + What we nere after is o follow to is conclusion the logic ofa private promoter who's going to rent offices. How do you produce the biggest amount of saleable m'? 4 frien we'd have prefered to devel continous building along the sel, bud geen the plenning ragaatiens ae Hen had 33 tse mes frm, raf, ally deve fom these regulations. 1c permite ust construct the musi ws tat is. 2,500, Below 13.200:3,000m°, the indervntion was viable order lo get the masinnn surface area, i wea als necessary forthe building's ick to be rede tothe mira + Did it have to have three or five stories? Did it have to be thick or thin? We made all kinds of possibl [nosing that the higher twas, the more twas necessary to distance it rom (he intermediate space, += The frm is bl pointed fom the back, du to these iresigtins indo prfallty ‘The polyearbonate that incerese us consists of a single skin place ike sheeting. Shecting fin spite of everything. ‘one ofthe cleverest matcrals of our time! © Palestina etir than las erase when vesoeing impervious ou dow tne any frame strut, lations,+ ghra necesario que hublera tres o cinco pisos? mt, Maa wna aberturavidiadn ese bv sve bal- ‘ince luge de wna entrada exigua, habia un vestibule espaciso.¥le mismo oewre si comfearanes los jardines Fnalnente, el pro- ‘mana edaba ene se traara dena tar, sna en que no we pens lo spins en ue aller wn lg dinde vie ‘+ Excierto que euanclo estonelfcios se construyeron la sitiaeidn era desde Iuego bastante mis tensa, pero durante los ‘incuenta aos sighientes se ha instaurado una especie de sah: gun. Todo ha permanecido exactamente igual a pea ‘dc la necesidad evidente de cambiarlo, mejorarlo, de hacerlo mucho mejor. Lo que trata de sugerir PLUS? el itulo que Ihemos elogido para nuestra investigacidn, ex que es necesario cambiar radicalmente la manera de aborar esta cies tn, No basta con hacer de nacvo lo minimo, es dit, un balen de 60 em de profundiad: son necesarios 3 0 5m [porque as ests mucho mejor, sin que esto signifique que sea mucho ms caro, Eg necesario dar fallidades y actuar eon. ure comfortale, more agerable tte in. Perhaps net enough altention us pal tthe inhabitants when hes re bil, people ring everpreovenpied with sense of wrgene ty the geal sale 0° by the infrasiructre. We alo notice, ween comparing them t> ‘iniler busing mane prised eras, Hat details made alte diffrence, en If he basis ofthe builng eas th same: Instead of windew to meters square, there was a glazed boy opening ono «Balcony instead of a tiny entrance, a spacious hall, te same {forthe garden. Final the pubes din come from the fart tha highrise Hock ras insole. but spy tha one hein ¥ ought ‘ough leat it beng ae cere ome as gogo ice: "When they were bul the station as extremely etical, ro be sure, but during the fity years since then the sort of status quo, onc has gone on in exactly the same way. Now it's clear that itwas necessary to change, toimprore to make them much better What we wed to sy withthe tile PLUS which we've given to exit sivey fi change of approach vas necessary [isn't enough todo the minimum enc more tine, namely a balcony 60 centimeters Wide, Three oF five meters required, beeaie 'smaoch Detter and not rhat much mor ‘ase and generosity back on the agenda, Starting from there, wwe were infact able to sce how to rake the most of feist Ir there were structural reasons for destroying these high-and lorie blocks, then the whole center of Pars, wit Tad 18?-century buildings, would have to be knocked down because they're often more obsolete, insalubrious even. 1 Wecar role guile fra ofthe pbloms tha ue led fo this rection of high and Inari blk by providing mare space. We put a distance iter people and so daminsh ir exessive promiscuity, the noise issue or congestion in the pasogewess. We can ‘ome cese to the comfer of a hase. Asi obsions that we nem’ be abet goon extending tune his way ly nip ving te nan er of housing estates il bce realy rcesary to finda wu of proving We bck of ts withthe quaiis prope appreciate in {the sual ous, lik, for insane, drwy spaces. Mobis ofthe fabri ef high o xs block mean saving almest 140% ofthe constracton free, 0s 6 real opportint #"The social cos of wich demolitions shouldn't he forgotten. One always describes these neighborhoods in an extreme ty ‘readily redaces the fe of those who live there to nothing by moving them here or there. A srore positive vie called for i what we've ried to do in SaintNazaire. There was a magnificcady situated neighborhood, Lite, facing the ocean, neighborhood thats been there for fifty year, live in by shipyard workers. A neighborhocd ‘out of time, The chief contractor, who scemied very attached to his population, was nevertheless obliged to densify it ‘rier to bring i into line with the "Urban Renewal Plan’ There were 38 diellings divided up in GE+] and GE+2 houses and a few small GF? and GF +4 bui ras to knock ‘everything down and rebuild i Been thongh erred i he did te one od it anyother ny. THe wrt renal plan alo invited hi to do 30 by pig ing a haces eonfguraton.tun minimo de generosidad. A partir de abi, efectivamente, uno puede empezar a aprovechar Io que ya existe. Si real ‘mente hubiera razones estnactiales para desruir todos escs blogues y torres, entonees tambign seria necesario demo ler todo el centro de Paris, con sus edifcios de los sigles xv y Xvn,fReeuentemente mucho mis obsoletos¢ inchiso insalubres, ' Pecenes rover bostantes de los problemas que han provocado el eso ls torres y ls Blues si damas més espacio. Ase fesse qu ls econ no ve satan tan pogndes nova roy dicninnyan et amontomamsente j lat moestias prouridas pre ruide © por una cradacén congstionada, Paden accwarnes el anfort de wna casa. Coma es evidente que no se podvi continuay come hasta ahora, extendiondn ta cudades y whipticande fos ifn, sed nex encontrar la manera de dara la vivienda lect 0 las cualades que ta gente walora on las casas individuals, como, or eiempla, los expacos intermedis. Usilcar la etrutura de tuna tore ode wn boque supone un carro de apraximadamente 40% dal pci de ta cansruccin: asi ps, straua de wna ver dadera oportunidad. ‘No se puede pasar por alto el coste sacal de esta clemoliciones. Estos barrios siempre se han presentado de wna ‘manera extremadamente negativa y, con demasiada facilidad, se reduce nada la vida de sus habitantes, desphazindo- Tos de aga par alk. Fs necesaia na mick mis posit Esto es Io que hemos tratado de hacer en Saint Navaite. Alli nos encontramos con un barso sitiado magmificamente, fen ln desembocadura del Lira, frente al océano, un barrie que leva alli mis de 0 ais, habitado por los rabajado. res de Jos asilleros. Un barrio fuera del tiempo. El promotor, que parecis muy vineulaco a Ia poblacién, debia sin cmbargo densiicar el hart para cimplir con el Pha dle Renovacién Urbana, Haba 36 ivendas repartidis en casis de PBI, PB:2, y algunos pequetios edificios de PB3 y PR. Hacin falta 55, y desde el punto de vist del promotor, la inieaSoluci6n era dersibatlo todo y volver a construitlo. 9A pear de qu no le gustaba ex oeibn, nose le oeuria era ellemativa mej: Plan de Renevacisn Urbana lo cndicinaba en ‘ua dirciin genera wna rcnfiguracion peso. "El barrio es tranquilo, con encanto, el estado de Ins viviendlas es bastante bueno. Pociamos intervenir poniendo ‘mucha atencidn en cada vvienela, en cada real, en caladrbol, una dinmiea que tenéa mucho en comin con nuestro trabajo en ln casa de Cap Ferret. Podiamos ransformas las vivendas existentes y ana algunos edificios nuevos, al ver qe preserva ol encanto del barrie yaportar mis expacio yuna eid de va que ne hubiera sa posible de ata ‘manera. Es necesario trabajar siempre por adiciGn. Dada una viienda exiatente, s¢ le puede afadir wha nueva cons truccién de manera auténoma, de til forma que al final, con sélo convert en puerta ha ventana, se consiga un par tamento 50 mv mayor, con mis aberturas sobre el paixye, con un gran bale6n 3, nesta situacion, con unas Visas excep CGoales sobre el mar, 1 nla mayer de es cases, se rudenUrvar a cabe las reforms sn que la gente tenga que abandenar su case Ke barrio tenia ‘# The neighborhood is tranquil, charming, the dwellings in quite good condition. We were able to intervene by paying tw each dwelling, each 10xe bush, each wee, bit ke we'd done for the house in Cap Ferret. We were the existing dwellings and to add some new bit of building, thus preserving the charm of the neigh ing more size and an exhenwise unobtainable quality of life. One always has to work by adition, A dwelling exists, we can couple a new bit of building to itn an autonomous way, sich that it may finally be eno 1 a window into a door to have an apartment enlarged by 50 a’, plus doors and windows giving onto the lane Scape with big balcom; with, in this oeation, an unspoilabe view of the sea In most instars ve were le to mae the changes we he pecfderenuaned in ie. The neighborhood bad the eng of hain ‘en made for this. Weroee asd to reserve the quale of the place and athe sme ine to destroy everang Iva tealy par diced incompeatible—a single stl around te nciehdard naue cat cburdaity cat bn the ast arasis t's often ony 0 ques tion of mage: Fora politician, tea planner sometimes an arated (his isnt ur case, i's more wordaahl todo something new te change the nage of «place. Fr hgh and lwrise pester Uscs, nthe end one masa pees of sca! froblens in order. in [act todo sey eh en excite that doesn’ have god mputaion. * And yer i's tery simple: one takes a uadisional highly partitioned plan, one adds ten meters w it all round hasan open plant 10. tn which there i tak of 2 tower-block project im Warsaw; of the nocessary reversing oF constraints, and of the use. fulness of basing yourself on exemplary references such as that of Mies van der Rohe's Lake Shore Drive. # The weak spot has to be found wo worm your way in from. Itoftensufliees to rely on the constraints. Last year a prop ey investor who works throughout Eastern Europe invited us to compete for a project situated in the center of Wars The site is partiewlrly weil titted few yards from the Cultural Center and the central station, but the plot of lind is small, 30 meters by 5. On ‘a supermarket that’s in a ad wat, plus four stories and a few Basement levels ‘The chief contractor wants to constrict a mainly residential building of great height. All around there are new hotes, 150 meters tall old lowrse aparunent blocks and huge planning projects being worked out. To start with we envisaged installing services ane! faces in the lower kxels but we realized that all this existed tess than opted for the residential whole Wat's petal, he, tha the prc hae sential hr dig ith msec 0 are efi hee, sabi elie ws pre Serve a given umount of insolation forthe apariments existing atthe approaches of nea building. The two main roms ofthese ‘tng hae ta bens rm te hows of sunshine cleutted et ho ares of the yar ‘Its this regulation and the complex urban situation of the site that have determined the shape of the tower block, We've looked very methodicallyat the different possibilities for guaranteeing the insolation time require bythe neighaxpeto de abershoco pra ets moda de proceder Se nos eda qu conservramos las cavateritias deluge y que detreyérames fed, al misma tempo, Eran dos conas tolanente contrat e incompatible entre si. Basia passers or el barrio ara tna ta car feca deel. En el fond, too se rauce a manic a wn prohioma de suagen. Para un polio, para un usbanisi, en ocasones pare ten arquiteto (ne es nuestro cas), hace algo aucoo 9 cambiar la imagen de wn lugar eta opcibn mas valrada. Eno caso de as lores Tos blgnes,fnaiment fos problemas scales wo som més que un feet que serine pa climinar wa aura gue no ene buena repnarin, * Vain embargo e+ muy simple: se toma tna planta tradicional con expacios muy eomparsiment twos en todo su perfmetro jy se obtiene wna planta libre! dos, se le aftacen 10 me- 10, De nde se aba de proyecto de una ee ex Varsv del necntio cabin de cnfoqte rps nit ‘ones y de la dad de apoyarse en referencias jemplares como ls torres Lake Share Drive de Mies van der Rok rar elresquicio por donde meterse, A menulo basta con apoyarse en las limitaciones El ato pas do, un promotor inmobiliane que trataja por toda Enropa del Este nos invt6 a concursaren wn proyecto situado en ‘el centro de Varsova, El solar esti expecialmente bien situade, a dos pasos del Palacio de la Cultura y de ln estacion ‘central de ferrocari, pero sis dimensiones son muy exiguas, 30 50 m. En el terre sapermereado en ial ‘estado, con cuatro plants piso y algunas plantas sétano. El promotor quctfa construc un edificio de gran altura, dex finado bisicamente a uso residencial, Alrededor hay hoteles recien constnuldos de 150 m de altura, unos cuantos blo- ‘ques de viriendas ya vijos,y grandes proyectos urbanisticos en fase de estudio. Al principio pensamos en destinar kt pln in rvs quien, pro como reparamos en que Yer de odo a mens de 20m, opm or ‘Le uc len de particular eta propuesta ot que en vena, proyecto nace en fc de una norma expec de so gue ol go que un nuevo edifici preserve un aslo minime para ls vviendas ya extents en el entorno. Las dos pics principales de {Stas vsiendas tenn qu oar disfrutar dex horas de vl caetadas om des spocas diferentes de aa nonmay el emplazamiento en un entorne urbano muy complejo ls elementos definitorios de la forma lay metodicaaente, consideramos las diversas posbiliades que tenfamos para garantizar el tiempo de ssolea miniino exigida para el exlicio veeine, Del esquema tedrico que resulta al aplicar esta regla y que formabs, parte del programa, slia tina forma muy compacta en fa base que iba decreciendo 2 medida que sua, Nox dimos ‘Ciena de que st divifamos el tiempo de asoleo en dos intervalos, uno por la masiana y owo por la tarde, el impacto ‘Sobre la forma era muy distinta, Esto nos lew a plantenr tna base de fa torre con dos cuerpos separados, hasta Hegar 2 Ta altra partir ele la cual los rayos del sol ya No incidian sobre el edificio de vviendas ecino. Fue, pues, el simple hecho de dejarnos gwiar por tna linitaién inamovible 1o que acabo dando esta forma tan sorprendente al edifico shape atthe bottom and decreasing towards the top. We noted ( rorning and evening, the impact on the shape became very dlferer wer into twodifferen feet extending upwarts to the height where the impact ‘on the neighboring apartment building. Is the simple fact, then, of leting ourselves be guided byan, Stent tat has produced the very sifiking shape ofthe building 1 Ufc reed the schema ven nthe program th oer eould hace been lo compact end saves appropriate tothe deelopment of agree an eb ost pata th am run surface the innit f the faa es uch ts inert We di ‘avant tobe obliged te array or the mininon. Ths raglation as enable ws to fesiy the rupturing ofthe base ofthe lower At fir ww eruisaged making tu comply spate aa, Pal th space I es resto put betwen ie tw calla for «distance ‘eich didi’ permit us to come up eth evongh dling. ‘With our solution we've more dellings and the sruciare’s simple * Forth apariments our reference is aay the cnes in Mis’ Lake Shore Drive in Chicago, I fics todo comparaiv study in lecng the to best example side Bp se: Were ro po, Mie eared ent the ert with am oe plan aa ith ver sim ple yout. They're aleuat perfec S byerything’s rationalized there, nat forgetting, of course, that the problem has to do with their adaptation Greenhouses, though, have to be taken as an entis a whole. I's poiness to want to pass to 8 meters when the stan- dard's BAD, This sandard has been tied and test ots of potenti hss to be is. The invemtive part has to do with the way onc is going to develop and adapt this standad in a particular context © Ws amusing io ebwr,i meent ears, He passion arch hae,and the incredible gh hy got, to marae to make ters hat aren't sight. * Our tower block in Wanaw fst straight either. bur this is because of shape we atived at, We've let ourselves be guided by a very specific constraint, for on account of ts potenti and its posiblites. Atte cal of he ay, we Thisencourages ust ¢- In that sens, this tower block project has been no Honse or the one in Cap Ferrel.sehen sae #81 hubiramasrespetado ol squemas que se nos daa con l programa, la tote hubira sido demasiado compacta y poco aropiad para aljas unas viens agradabisy bin ihaminada. Sore todo pry pea vine superficie igual, Un lngitad de fachade ‘mucho mancr. No queriamos cligarnos a trabair con minimos. Esta norma nes permits usificar wna base de la tore frente ‘da en do pete. Al princi tratamas de hacer des tore completamente paras, per la distancia que a neces dejar ene ‘las nes bubiraimpresto wna seberacin tal que no nes habriapermiido disper suficientes iviondas. * Con muestra solucidn se abtienen mie vivienas con una gran varied! de tipologios yuna estrctana muy simple Para los proyectos devciend, rusia referencia sempre han sido ls opartamentor Lake Shore Drive de Mies en Chicago, Basta an hacer wn estudio comparativo 3 poner ls diz mores eepas un of lad del oo: hay rn de eanyparaciy, Mies cs {516 unos apartamentos de planta line com una dsrivacion ay simple. Son cas perfects. * Toro est racionalizado, la reticula base, las insalaciones, las circulaciones, Son riviendss confortables y al mismo tWempo todo est disefiado al milimetro, Es interesante utilizar los Lake Shore Drive como una solucion estandar en ‘que basarse. No nos molesta en absoluto utilizar proyectos sobre los que otros rquitectos han pensaci de manera teal ‘mente intensa, proyectos donde han aplicado ideas brilantes. Todo eso sin olvicee Que, obviament, wn parte impor ‘ante del problema reside en cémo adaptarse al contexto, Es interesante no partir de cero por sistem, se trate ce los [Lake Shore Drive de Mies ode los inveraderos agricols. Los invernaderos, no obstante, han de tomarve como una ‘entidad, como un todo. Es intl querer pasar a 6 1, sel estindar es de 6,40 ma, Este exiandar se ha probado ¥ rac nalizado, est leno de potencialy wene que usase tal cual La invencion reside en como vaa insalane, yen saber adap tar este clemento estandatizado a un contexto determinado, Fn exe itis aio, divertide vr ta pasion de lot argues 9 ls exer titnicas que emplean para lgrar que sus trees, so sean rca * Aunque muestra torre on Verso tampoco os et.. peresfor leslndtaciones! Nos serpent fora ala qu Urgamas. Now domes guiar por ura lintacin muy epeifica y trtamnes de explteta y de que td su fotencial actucra rn rues for Finalmente, es qurdado my saisfches dl relada, Noe oni 0 coninnat En ese sentido, have el prey da tore Wo ha resultado més df que hacer la casa Lauapic ola casa en Cap Feet 11. De donde se habla de un proyecto simbyilico en Londres del interés de afadir un elemento poético a lo racional y ‘de la importancia de ls rosales en los nuevos edificios para la Universidad de Burdeos. + Si perseyerames en esta apronimacidn racional que consiste en dcjarse guar por las Hitaciones para explotarlas de ‘manera pesitka y con optimism, es, evidentemente, porque sabemos que al final el resultado sera tteresante; no obs tate, esto no impide que muchas veces también creamos necesario incluir alytin otro elemento que cambie ted. sel caso de Viena, por ejemplo, donde el simple hecho de revestir con mosaicos orientales las boveda del cae con: 11. In whieh there is talk of a symbole project in Landon, of the interest of adding a postic element to rationality, and ‘of the importance of rose bushes for Bordeaux Universi’s new buildings. {If we cam persevere in this very rational approach, which consiss in letting oursehes be guided by constraints by ‘exploiting them in an optimistic and positive way, is obviously because we know that in the end the ouicome wil be Interesting, but this doesn taltr the fact that often appears necessary 1 us toad an clement thats going to change te yall of the café with ori tal mosties made the place interesting. Ie yas also the case in Grenoble where, atthe same time as we were design ag the moxt ellcient and most generous building possible, we added the conservatories with their bougainvillea, Whar's more. isthe one thing everybody notices. This also the case with the project or the Architectural Foundation in London. Their problem vasn't the size or the budget, bu its yisilis, © They wanted a symbe, a sgn * Ic was to be both an exhibition place and a sculpture. This hasn't prevented us from designing a building that’s mely rational. radical and economic, huge, much more spacious than what they were asking for. Nex, in the ri de, we've placed a great sttac, event tines bigger than lifesize. Isa Female gute, She extends overall the fours ries without worrying about the floor surfaces. From the inside she's vale, then, in sections. Yet from the outside o1 ‘ould perfecty well have guessed her shape, One would have discovered it from close to, above all. Sudden ‘glound oor one would have found onesel i front ofa shoe twenty Himes Bigger than its mode. © Such an idea doesn’t appear on day one. We were aed to inane, in Loud, om cchitecte tha locly Stated that this wos a enter of echice For ws such a meaning emerges a prin rom is content, rath, Dale asad ures that wet could oto respond to thi quest and wee finaly aight tha his could come fiom a cond archer which woul be on Be inside. And its Meta the fascinating images of Friese Bartholi's workshop (wit the Dead of te Satur of Let i the ad of en. folding) and of Anish Kapoor's exhibition at Tete Moder came up. ‘Isa way of asking oneself the question of monumental today, The state is very present in the history of archi tecture. [Fone takes ava the states that decorate the facades of alway stations, the latter appear essendaly sim efcient, rational. One also rediscorers them inside ancient Buddhist or Greek temples. There, they're lke the tees in the house in Cap Ferret, extremely close in terms of familiar contact, the opposite ofthe ones that decorate an ora tal fact Vd sr bom the ide ofthe decorated Hagar arto Nolet Nenteri? Inthe combining of fcency ant of pols? Mallets tee dnt wart maintain am ete of ype uctonalt, of the dat of “form fils fection *'The hangar isthe outcome of technology, ofan architecture that posits a maximum of ease, cheapness, simpli work time, and $0 efleetively it mean metal stnictires, sheeting (so easy ti install), sliding doors (really simple andfro interés a todos los espacios. Tambien es el caso de Grenoble, donde al mismo tiempo que provectibamos el edi- Ficio lo mis eficasy generono posible, aadiamos los invernaderos con bugamills, ¥precisumente es en esto en 10 qh a gente se ha fideo mis. Fs el caso, tambien, del proyecto de la sede para The Architecture Foundation en Londres, El problema no estribaba ni en las dimensiones ni en el presupucsto, Bios qurian wn sinbelo, 0 gra. # Tena que sera ls ver un lugar donde exponer y una excultura Las condiciones no nos impidieron que provectara= ‘mos un edificio extremadamente racional, radial y econdmico, muy grande, mucho ms espacioro de lo que se nos peda. A continuacibn, colocamos en el centro una estat cuya escala es ve yor que el amaiio natural Es una figura femenina que ocupa las cuatro plantas de! ehifco sin preocuparse de los frjadom El resultado es que, desde el interior la escultura se muestra por seeciones. Es desde el exterior especialmente desce donde podria ad 1a. Uno se [a encontraria sobre todo como algo muy cercano. De repente en Ia planta baja, uo se-encon- tr ‘apato veinte veces mis grande que cl original Una idea como sta mos cours el prime a, Londies e nes pid que conibtramos una anqutectur que exprseraclaro- mente que x trotaba de un cent de arquiectua. Para nosotros, we significado asi prciene apr de su cntenide, pero nas fre untames yu poiamos hacer para yaponder a su requerniente, Finalmente, penstmes que la texesa pia venir de wna segan- te arquitetura que ester en el interior Y esa fear de ahi cuando nas vinier a la cabs xs inuigenes tan fai tale de FredéricAuguste Bartha (on ta cabecn de la esata de La bert en medio dels andamis) y dela expo Rapoaren ta Tae Mader. Tsuna manera de plantearse el tema de la monumentalidad hoy en a. La esiatua es algo muy presente en la histo- ria de la arquitectura. Si quitiramos las estauuas que adornan las fachadas de las estaciones de ferrocail, nos quer ‘amos eon algo bisicamente mis simple, ica ¥ racional Las estatuas también nos ks encontrams en los tempos bouatstas 0 griegos. Son como nests arboles en la casa ce Cap Fetter, lgo muy préxim con lo que se extablece ui relacion de Familatidad, totalmente disinas ls estates que adomnain los fromtones 1 Ser que estan a fcr de kx hangars cords tances pr Raber Venturi? iA fas dela unin de a efcacia 9 ta police? En todo case, no quernes encrrarnos on wa epi de hiprfuncinalism, bajo o dicta de “la fra sigue ata jun ‘© EI hangar es la culminacién de la téeniea, de la arquitectura que propone un miiximo de sencillez y de economia, aque atcnde a los plazas de abajo. asi, efectivamente, se vata de estruetiras netics, de empancladen (ta facies de “olocar), de puertas correderas (algo tan simple y movdemo)..., se trata también de wna relacion clara y luida entre interior yel exterior A todo esi, se le puede altar algo mis, otra cost que no iene por qi remitimos 2 lo monte ‘menial, una eosa que puede ser extremacdamente simple, postica y ademas tener wn impacto considerable atthe level of the i, modern). ing else which ean b Siderable impact * Fant to (without Deng sure of eng comet) thai a poet yo have the ight to eve fat eat drs have to be espe You woot lo pu flrs, ful sop! There's not neesariy rational explanation or this, If we ila cery ficient design hich ress w a program, Out, of arse like wo rt take exiva something hich gos hej efeny, at whch mil be just ‘abit of pleasure, something that’s more delicate, more rege. This is ot flours * The state in London resembles Adriana Karembeu! She's very beautifal mol, wh theminute. In a way she’s a figure who simbolizes beauty and is very contemporary. Sh France die 10 the Red Gross commonicition, Architecture is perhaps the intersection of a particular site and a particular program whieh determine the constraints that have 19 be resolved in dhe mos efficient way possible, somerhing added which displaces peaple’s interes. In Bordeaes ier’ the res gerden and the et fay bccmes secondary, een if its indispensable, I fact the rose bushes com ‘lel echans the ise of es. They sie the atenion estore. # Thiswill he very, very surprising. On all the facades there will a pot every six me ing vose bushes. As we nov hate the experience ofthe wniveniy in Grenoble be Alot with Cosil Marlin, the landscape designer. With the building Finished, his running the maintenance progran ‘also about a clear relate even fo toni age from interior to exterio To this, you can ad ‘can be exitemely Simple, poetic and yet with con- so Seems 10 a very Upton ‘extremely well known in 1 ith twenty oF so sarietis of clirmb- d's, wee wetked on mnaimtence ission will continue in launching and‘Sonconacen? Me gustaria decir (sn que signifi qu ns gure deer ras) gue euando haces wm pyc, tes ol draco de reervare sna parte que no debe er eplceda. Tienes ganas de pone lores puna! No sere hay wa expiacinraiona. Si construinos tm praca yee: que respon de am programa Yn presipuaso, nos gusta lambin andi algo as. algo gue scape de fo fice: hero que prcisamente pr el result ser wn place algo ms delicado, mds fii A menudo son tas floes $n Londres In estata se parece a Adriana Karembeu! Es una mocelo muy bella, que también nox parece may 2ewal nitica de la belleva,ademis de muy contemporinea. En Francia gora de mc ia etara de la Cre Roja ‘Qui la arquitectara sea el cruce entre un sitio y un programa concretos determiiantes de unas limitaciones que oben revolverse con la mayor eficacia posible y lo que se Une, como pls, algo que despa el inter’, Borders, se rata de ls rosea, todo lo demas, fnelnene results ser secendari, incluso sido indispensable, De hecho, bs tasals evita ol asunio deft detalles completamente Trasladan la atencion * Sera algo muy impresionante. Sobre todas las fachadas habit una maceta cada 6 metros con tna veintena de varie dais de resales trepadores. Despucs de adquirir experiencia en ka Universidad de Grenoble, hemos talajado mucho fen el tema de manteniimiento con Cyril Marlin, cl paimjsta, Una yer cl edificio exé terminado, si trabajo continuard ‘co ks programacin y stpervisin de los trabajos de mantenimienta