BeIDnGeE DESIGN AND EVALUATION L@ep and LRER SG engkang Fo Miley e201a 4.6 Design of Reinforced Concrete Deck Siabs 145, 1 Service | Limit State—Positive Moment Flexure Cracking Load factors, me=1 w= m= Positive service moment: Mros = YocMb. sit + YocMot paranet + YowMox rsw +. Mi, = 10.097 k/103.48 A + 1(0.46 k/110.28 ft fo) + 10.029 K/1)3.48 ft? + 116.19 Kft) = 6.76 kit Bar spacings is required to satisfy a 57.3.4 sx % _ 94, ~Bsfs where 573.4 Ye=1 (class | exposure condition) 4, = Catan + PH BENE = in, 4, 973M 1 38 f= ty =8in k= (on)? + 2pn — pn A, __Oddin? = ba, = Taint ~ °° Therefore, for n = 8, k = 0.27, and j =0.91, 6.76Kit(12in/ft) ' = Saenz (OT) G13m. ~ 20S W- 2 = 2000) Tae — 2 (038i) = 13.53in,146 8 ME SRR RR 4 Superstructure Design ‘The selected spacing for strength | positive moment 12 in. < 13.53 in. ‘Thus the strength | spacing should be used. [Bi for Service | positive moment in interior bays. ~ Service | Limit State—Negative-Moment Flexure Cracking Mes = YocMox sap + YbcMo. arnet + YowMoL sw + 7M = 110.097 4/109.76 + 110.46 k/10)3.86 + 10.029 4/109.76 + 105.11 Kft) = 8.1 itt The same requirement as for the positive moment needs to be satisfied. , = Cg + PSSM 2 in + ETS _ 2 otin 2.94 in. =l+ 1.83 A, = 0.6 in.2(12 in./8 in.) = 0.9 in? poe 0.9 in? ba, (ain) (75in ~2. Forn =8 k (on? + 2pn — pn = 01678?) + 2(.016) 8 — 0.016(8) =0.39 0.39 aaa = 0.87 Mec _ _ 8.1 kft(12in ft) 2 "S=Kig, = Tomz (a7) 456m, 27 22Wn. 5 __700(1) S734 $s FTE 2d = are aah 2294) = 8.17 inches was selected for the strength | limit state < 8.17 ir for Service | negative moment in interior bays.4.6 Design of Reinforced Concrete Deck Slabs ‘STRENGTH I LIMIT STATE FOR FLEXURAL CAPACITY, Both positive and negative moments are usually covered in this step of deck design, while shear is not explicitly checked. For that purpose, the strength, Himit state is used to find the moment capacity requirement: 341 1.95 DC+1.5 DW+1. (sIMy (6-1) ng. deck selfaveight, and concrete overlay if applica ng surface and utilities if applicable: and 1 to wheel live load with impact IM. inder the strength T limit state, the reinforcement is designed accord- ingly. The conventional coi this purpose as follows: refers (4.62) yb where M = ultimate or factored moment from Strength I limit state Joad combination, Fq.4.6-1 factor for concrete in flesure,0.9 — 5.5.4.2.1 4b = width of cross section (12 in. for the It strip) d., = elective depth of cross section (total depth less cover, half of the bar diameter, and sacrificial layer depth if any) The reinforcement ratio p then calculated as )( ye (4.63) ompressive strength steel strength inforcementis then readily calculated as pb, (4.64) Since b is typically 12n.,A, isthe required reinforcement per foot width of the deck, Note also that this approach can be applied to cover both positive and negative moments in the deck SERVICE I LIMIT STATE FOR CONTROLLING FLEXURAL CRACKING The Service [limit state uses the following load combination: 3.4.1 1.0 DG+ 1.0 DW+ 1.0 LL IM) (4.85) for the same DC, DW, and LL as in the strength I limit state. To control flexural cracking under the Service | limit state, the spacing of the main 147148, 4 Superstructure Design reinforcement determined above under the Strength I limit state needs to satisfy the following relation given in the AASHTO specifications: S734 = % (4.66) where xposure Factor for Class Texposure condition 0.75 for Class If exposure condition The Class I exposure condition applies when cracks can be tolerated due to reduced concerns of appearance and/or corrosion. The Class II exposure condition appliesto the transverse design of segmental concrete box girders {or any loads applied prior to attaining full nominal concrete strength and when there is increased concern of appearance and /or corrosion: 4.67) (4.68) 4.69) where (4.610) + 2pn—pn (4.611) where ” of steel to concrete (4.612) ” a 13) Since A, is known as the result of Strength I limit state design, the requirement in Eq, 4.64 can be readily checked, In case A, needs to be changed because it does not meet the requirement in Eq, 4.66, the practical approach to design is to first select a trial A, and spacing + then iterate the combination of A, and s until Eq, 4.64 is satisfied DESIGN FOR BOTTOM LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT. ‘The AASHTO specifications give the following requirement for designing the bottom distribution reinforcement: 20 ‘ 973.2 220 <7, for primary reinfocement (4 6.14 Wid perpendicular totraffic “+14 100 soe for primary reinfocement 973.2 Te = parallel toto traffic (4.6.15) where S, in fect is the deck effective span length as defined in Figure 4.62.