Dish 1- Parent (P) and F1

BACKGROUND:
Life Cycle
Web Linkphotosynthesis Review Video
Web LinkBozeman Video- Plant Anatomy
Web LinkBozeman Video- Plant Nutrition and Transport
Web LinkBozeman Video- Plant Control
Web LinkPhenotypes and Genotypes of Plants
Anatomy Plant Structure Function!!

A plant can be either a dicot or a monocot, meaning that the seed has either 2

plants inside of it (dicot) or one (monocot).

Dicot plants result in seeds with netlike veins and, if a flower, petals that
grow in groups of 5. They also have tap roots.
Monocot plants result in leaves with parrallel veins as well as petals that
grow in groups of 3. They also have net like root systems.
There are two systems to wisconsin fast plants:
The system that is underground: the root system
The system that is above ground: the shoots system; includes the nodes and
the internodes
TISSUES!
Dermal tissue: protection against loss of water for the plant
a. Stomata: allows water to evaporate out. H2O leaves through the stomata and
CO2 comes in, leading to the production of sugar
b. Cuticle: waxy layer of skin on plants that keep water from escaping the plant
Ground Tissue: metabolism, storage, and support for the plant
a. Collenchyma: strong cells on the outside of the plant
b. Sclerenchyma: even stronger cells!!

Vascular Tissue: transports water and sugar for the plant

Nutrition and Transport!!

Fast plants still need carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and

sulfur.
Carbon: comes from CO2, and is used to make sugar and energy.
Hydrogen and Oxygen: comes from H2O, comes in through the roots and
evaporates through the leaves
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur are brought in through the roots.
Plants get their nutrition from Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis!!
ROOTS:
a. Roots grow from the inside to the outside
b. Water flows in through osmosis. Some water moves through the desmata
(apoplastic) and some moves through the desmata (symplastic)
LEAVES:
a. Veins are found in the vascular tissues
b. Palisade mesophyll: photosynthesis
c. Spongy mesophyll: where CO2 is found to be used in photosynthesis.
Transpiration: xylem pull (energy for pull is given by the sun)
Sugar flows from the source to the sink
Plant Control!!

Plant Hormones- these hormones are sent throughout the plants and they

have different consequences and controls. Depending on what the different

hormones are saying, there is a different action.
Auxins: a chemical that moves to the shady side of a stem on a plant. It
loosens the cellulose in the cell walls which in turn make the cells bigger--growing
the plant. The bend in a plant is caused by where the auxin makes the cells grow
faster. This is called Phototropism.

Cytokinins: cytokinesis, taking one cell and dividing it into two cells. Because

plants move up and out (the leaves) the plant must make new cells through this. It
is a hormone that causes our cells to divide in order to grow to the side. It grows to
the side so that it can get more sunlight if their are barriers.
Gibberellins: a natural plant hormone that controls the yearly cycle of the
plant.
Abscisic acid: a hormone that causes everything, like the cycle to slow down
and go into dormancy. The opposite of gibberellins.
Ethylene: a gas that goes outside the parts of the plant and makes fruits or
flowers blossom at the same time. When a group of fruits on a tree start to ripen
then ethylene is given out to spread across the rest of the tree to make all the other
fruits blossom. Its a positive feedback loop.
Life Cycles and Phenotypes/ Genotypes of plants!!
With the cross between a purple stem standard height and a purple stem standard height,
the normal phenotypes will most likely be purple stem and standard height. When you add
the Rosette dwarf in the mix, then there are three offspring that have purple stem and the
rosette dwarf height. Then there are also three non purple flowers with standard height and
one with rosette dwarf. The phenotypes and genotypes are based on the parent plant and
what genes and traits are dominant and which ones are recessive.
Talleys Background:
Plants are either dicot (2 plants inside the seed) or monocot (1 plant inside the seed). Dicot
plants result in seeds with net like veins as well as tap roots whereas monocot plants have leaves with
parallel veins with a net root system. When analyzing Wisconsin Fast plants, there are two systems:
the Underground system, which is the root system, and the above ground system, which is the shots
system (nodes and internodes). Tissues are very important and there are many different tissues in the
plant. There is Dermal Tissue, which protects against the loss of water. In that tissue, the Stomata
allows water to evaporate out and water leaves through the stomata and co2 comes in, leading to
sugar being made. Also, the Cuticle is a waxy layer of skin on the plant that prevents water from
escaping. Another type of tissue is the ground tissue. In that tissue, the collenchyma are the strong
cells on the outside of the plant and the sclerenchyma are the even stronger cells. The last tissue is
the Vascular tissue, which transports water and sugar around the plant to where it is needed. The Fast
plants still need carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur. Carbon is used to make
sugar and energy, hydrogen and oxygen come through the roots and evaporates through leaves, and
nitrogen phosphorous and sulfur are brought through the roots from the ground where the fast plant

is located. Most plants get nutrition through cellular respiration and photosynthesis. The anatomy of
the roots is very interesting. They grow out of the seed and water flows through them with osmosis.
The leaves have veins, which are found in the vascular tissues and they conduct photosynthesis. Plant
control: hormones are sent throughout the plant and control different aspects. There are the Auxins,
which move to the shady sides of the stem and loosen cellulose in the cell walls and turn the cells
bigger. Cytokinins taking one cell and divide it into two and this grows new cells for the plant to grow
up and out. Gibberellins are a natural hormone that controls a yearly cycle of plants. There are many
other hormones that do different things. Life cycles and phenotypes/genotypes: When relating the
green and purple, tall and dwarf lab, the normal phenotypes are most likely the purple stem and
standard height. When dwarf is added, then the offspring are going to be purple stem and dwarf as
well as non-purple and standard height offspring. The phenotypes and genotypes are describe what
genes and traits will be dominant vs recessive.

ANALYSIS:

Group Name(s)

Allison and Sarah

P1

F1

F2

Gre Pur Gre Pur Gre Pur

Ta Dw Ta Dw Ta Dw

en

ll arf ll arf ll arf

ple en

ple en

ple

0 3

0 2

0 3

0 2

Aspen

0 2

1 2

Talley, Mikayla, Maegan

1 0

3 1

Peyton and Thomas

2 3

0 2

Megan, Sinead, Avery

0 2

0 0

Ansh and Spencer

1 1

0 1

1 0

2 0

1 1

1 1

Rhett, Zach, Danny and

Sean
Zachy, Max, Ali, and

Sam, Emma, Ashlyn,

Audrey, Katie, Holly,

Jake and Estelle
Jennifer, Ivy, Sierra,
Stefanie

Jasmine's Group

0 3

0 3

Maggie, Brooke

0 3

0 3

Sheridan, Sophie, Dana

0 3

0 3

Catlin

2 1

1 0

Matt, Ciara

1 0

2 0

1 1

2 1

21

13

Lily, Shelby, Ana,

Sabrina, Alice, Ashely,

Andrew, Ian, Chad,

Paige, Simone

Total
plants
in each
row

33

11

27

16

20

27

10

26

12

Total
number
of plant

112

109
0.04

Ratio

0.09

0.11

0.29 4642 8214 0.24 0.14 0.17

0.24 1743 0.23 0.11 0.19 926

4642 8571 2857 1071 2857 8571

7706 1192 8532 0091 2660 605

8571
0.53

Green

0.09

1 4286 1429 4286

422
T

0.67

5714

a 8899

2857

ll 0826

7 1101 7431 5505

S
0.46

Purple

Gree

0.32

4285

54/4

n is

o 1100

68/3 Tall

7143

rt 9174

is D

green

p1- pure bread

, tall

(homozygous D and R)

9/16

0.552036 0.562 CLOS

1991

5E

green
,
dwarf
3/16

0.389140 0.187
2715

purpl
e, tall

f1- heterozygous

3/16

0.515837 0.187
1041

purpl
e,
dwarf
1/16

0.352941 0.062
1765

f2- random 9:3:3:1

1. What phenotypic differences do you notice between P1 and F1 seedlings?

P1 seedlings: 33 green, 5 purple 27 tall, 10 dwarf
F1 seedlings: 11 green 27 purple, 26 tall, 12 dwarf
P1 had more green than purple (28 difference) but the F1 had more purple than green (16 difference).
Both P1 and F1 had similar ratios of tall to short (P1 with a 17 difference tall vs dwarf. And F1 with a
14 difference tall vs dwarf)

2. According to your observations and your knowledge of genetics, state a hypothesis (or
model) of how you think these phenotypes are inherited. Be as complete as possible and
cite evidence or give a reason for each part of your hypothesis. Note your hypothesis should
include whether the phenotypes are inherited through a single set of alleles (non-hybrid) or
two sets of alleles (dihybrid). Include a one or two word designation for each phenotype
and a symbol for the allele that gives rise to each phenotype. Indicate which allele of each
pair is dominant and explain your reasoning.
The Wisconsin Fast Plant lab is a dihybrid cross where Green and Tall would be the dominant traits
because both parents (P1) are Green and Tall (GGTT). As the start of the generations, we would
expect to see green and tall more frequently than purple and dwarf. Because P1 is GGTT, then all the
possible genotypes are GgTt, which is still green and tall.
3. Each parent plant (P1 and P2) was homozygous for the alleles involved in the cross that
you are studying. Given this information, use your hypothesis to predict the following (give
your reasoning for each prediction):
A. the phenotype of P1 and P2: GGTT
B. the genotype of the F1:GgTt
C. The phenotype(s) of the F2:
BOLD is tall
GT

Gt

gT

gt

GT

GGTT

GGTt

GgTT

GgTt

Gt

GGTt

GGtt

GgTt

Ggtt

gT

GgTT

GgTt

ggTT

ggTt

gt

GgTt

Ggtt

ggTt

ggtt

Dish 24. Has this test (F1 and F2 generation plants) confirmed your hypothesis? Explain using
evidence.
The F1 generations did not confirm our hypothesis because there were a total of 11 green and 27
purple. The size however did confirm our hypothesis because there were 26 tall and 12 dwarf.
The F2 generations also did not confirm our hypothesis because there were 16 green and 20 purple.
The size again confirmed our hypothesis as there were 21 tall and 13 dwarf. Also, when doing
calculations on what the ratios are suppose to be (9:3:3:1), the calculations didnt match. The green

and Tall ratio (9) was close with 0.55 vs 0.56. The rest were way off. With green and dwarf at 0.389 vs
0.187 and purple and tall at 0.516 vs 0.187 and finally purple and dwarf at 0.35 vs 0.062. The ones
that were off of what was expected had more with that genotype (ggTT, ggtt, G_tt).
Our hypothesis stated that Green is the dominant trait but when looking at an actual outcome vs
calculations, purple was the dominant trait. Our hypothesis was correct with the size Tall being
dominant.
5. On the basis of your result, which of the following will you do?
A. Accept your hypothesis - if so, use evidence to argue your reason for accepting
B. Reject your hypothesis- if so, develop a new, detailed hypothesis to replace your
old one.
C. Modify your hypothesis- if so, explain in detail your modification
We would modify our hypothesis because in a perfect scenario, it would be correct with the
use of punnett squares, but when put in a real life situation, it was off. We saw that purple was more
dominant rather than green, so we would change what we thought to be the dominant color. The size,
(tall=dominant) however, we would keep the same in our hypothesis.