Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Estatuto de Principios
English P. 21
Igualdad
La administracin debe otorgar idntica oportunidad para participar a todos aquellos que se
encuentren en condiciones de ofertar lo requerido por ella, motivo por el cual los procesos de
seleccin de contratistas, se inspiran, de manera preponderante, en este principio.
Publicidad
Dado el inters pblico inherente a la totalidad de la gestin estatal, la comunidad tiene derecho
a conocer quienes, por qu y como se toman las decisiones que inciden sobre el desarrollo de
aquella.
English P. 20
Transparencia
Las entidades Colombianas tienen la obligacin legal de seleccionar a sus contratistas a travs de
licitacin o concurso pblico y solo excepcionalmente de manera directa en los casos expresamente
dispuestos en la ley.
Seleccin objetiva
En cuanto a las condiciones del contrato y de la oferta, esta favorabilidad en la eleccin no
es discrecional, sino que implica la observancia por parte de las entidades de la ponderacin
detallada, precisa y concreta de los factores de calificacin previstos en los pliegos de condiciones,
de manera que el ofrecimiento ms favorable es aquel que resulte con el ms alto puntaje o con
la mayor calificacin, de acuerdo con los factores establecidos en el pliego de condiciones y su
ponderacin.
Modalidades de Seleccin
English P. 21
Licitacin pblica
Se entiende por licitacin pblica el proceso de seleccin utilizado por las entidades estatales
mediante el cual escoge a sus contratistas a travs de una invitacin de carcter pblico que
se dirige a todas las personas potencialmente interesadas en ejecutar un contrato, para que
P. 3
Concurso de mritos
Corresponde a la modalidad prevista para la seleccin de consultores o proyectos, en los que se
podr utilizar sistemas de concurso abierto o de pre calificacin. En este ltimo caso, la conformacin
de la lista de precalificados se har mediante convocatoria pblica, permitindose establecer listas
limitadas de oferentes utilizando para el efecto, entre otros, criterios de experiencia, capacidad
intelectual y de organizacin de los proponentes, segn sea el caso.
En esta modalidad de seleccin se premia el talento y la experiencia en la contratacin de
consultora por encima del precio, creando las condiciones para un desarrollo vigoroso de esta
rea, responsable, entre otras cosas, de los diseos y de la interventora de las obras publicas.
Seleccin abreviada
La seleccin abreviada corresponde a la modalidad de seleccin objetiva prevista en aquellos
casos en que por las caractersticas del objeto a contratar, las circunstancias de la contratacin o
la cuanta o destinacin del bien, obra o servicio, puedan adelantarse procesos simplificados (uso
de subastas a la inversa, bolsas de productos o compras por catalogo) para garantizar la eficacia
de la gestin contractual.
1.
Contratacin directa
La contratacin directa es una modalidad de contratacin de carcter excepcional, por lo que su
aplicacin es de carcter restrictivo. En efecto, la ley de Contratacin Publica en Colombia, prev
los siguientes eventos en los cuales es procedente esta modalidad de contratacin:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
English P. 23
P. 5
Si dentro del plazo de la licitacin no se presenta otra propuesta, la entidad estatal adjudicar el
contrato al oferente inicial en el trmino sealado en el respectivo pliego, siempre que cumpla
plenamente con los requisitos exigidos en el mismo.
Los proponentes podrn presentar diversas posibilidades de asociacin con otra u otras
personas naturales o jurdicas cuyo concurso consideren indispensable para la cabal ejecucin
del contrato de concesin en sus diferentes aspectos. Para el efecto, indicarn con precisin si
pretenden organizarse como consorcio, unin temporal, sociedad o bajo cualquier otra modalidad
de asociacin que consideren conveniente. En estos casos debern adjuntar a la propuesta un
documento en el que los interesados expresen claramente su intencin de formar parte de la
asociacin propuesta. As mismo debern presentar los documentos que acrediten los requisitos
exigidos por la entidad estatal en el pliego de condiciones.
Cuando se proponga constituir sociedades para estos fines, el documento de intencin consistir
en una promesa de contrato de sociedad cuyo perfeccionamiento se sujetar a la condicin de que
el contrato se le adjudique. Una vez expedida la resolucin de adjudicacin y constituida en legal
forma la sociedad de que se trate, el contrato de concesin se celebrar con su representante
legal.
En el artculo 4 del Decreto 4533 de 2008 se establecen los requisitos con los que deben cumplir
las ofertas, destacndose principalmente la descripcin y el valor de la obra, los estudios
financieros as como cualesquiera otros necesarios para su desarrollo, el anlisis de los riesgos
previsibles, el impacto social y ecolgico de la obra, las condiciones tcnicas y financieras, pliza
que ampare la calidad de los estudios por tres (3) aos, as como la experiencia y capacidad
financiera del oferente.
English P. 24
Como principio general pueden contratar con el Estado las personas legalmente capaces para
celebrar negocios jurdicos, esto es:
1. Las personas naturales que tienen la posibilidad de obligarse por s mismas y sin el
ministerio o autorizacin de otra persona.
2. las personas jurdicas, cuya capacidad se limita al desarrollo de su objeto social.
3. Tambin puede celebrar contratos los consorcios y las uniones temporales, figuras
utilizadas como un instrumento de cooperacin entre empresas, cuando requieren
asumir una tarea econmica particularmente importante, que les permita distribuirse
de algn modo los riesgos que pueda implicar la actividad que se acomete, aunar
recursos financieros y tecnolgicos y mejorar la disponibilidad de equipos, segn el
caso pero conservando los consorciados su independencia jurdica.
4. Sociedades proyecto o asociaciones futuras.
English P. 25
Las garantas en la contratacin estatal son as: los contratistas deben prestar garanta nica
para el cumplimiento de las obligaciones surgidas del contrato y los proponentes deben prestar
garanta de seriedad de los ofrecimientos hechos.
1. Garanta de seriedad de la oferta: esta cubre el riesgo de la firma del contrato al
momento de su adjudicacin, por lo tanto si el contratista que es adjudicatario del
contrato decide no firmar el mismo se har exigible la mencionada garanta.
P. 7
English P. 26
Pliza de seguros.
Fiducia mercantil en garanta.
Garantas bancarias a primer requerimiento.
Endoso en garanta de los ttulos valores.
Cartas de crdito stand by.
Depsito de dinero en garanta.
English P. 26
Este proyecto debe ser lo ms cercano posible al pliego definitivo y abarcar el contenido integral
del futuro pliego de condiciones. El proyecto debe contener toda la informacin y todas las reglas
de juego que regirn en el proceso contractual. Deben ser en su estructura y contenido, lo ms
cercano que sea posible, al proyecto definitivo de pliego de condiciones. Esto garantizar que los
interesados opinen sobre todo su contenido.
P. 9
Sin perjuicio de la publicacin que del contrato celebrado se haga en el Secop, deben tenerse en
cuenta las normas que regulan la publicacin de los contratos en el Diario nico de Contratacin
Pblica, o en su defecto en la Gaceta Oficial de la respectiva entidad territorial o por algn
mecanismo determinado en forma general por la autoridad administrativa territorial, que permita
a los habitantes conocer su contenido.
La publicacin electrnica de los actos y documentos descritos debe hacerse en la fecha de su
expedicin, o, a ms tardar dentro de los tres (3) das hbiles siguientes. El plazo general de su
permanencia se extender hasta dos (2) aos despus de la fecha de liquidacin del contrato, o de
la ejecutoria del acto de declaratoria de desierta segn corresponda.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
P. 11
En los procesos de seleccin por licitacin, seleccin abreviada y concurso de mritos, se har
la convocatoria pblica una vez evaluadas las observaciones y propuestas presentadas por los
interesados a los proyectos de pliego de condiciones, documentos y estudios previos.
Es relevante el conocimiento de este trmino por parte de los proponentes, debido a que
dependiendo de lo que se diga en el informe de evaluacin, ellos podrn realizar las observaciones
que consideren necesarias para aclarar el contenido de sus ofertas. (Ley 80 de 1993 Art.30 Num. 8)
Factores y criterios que sern tenidos en cuenta para la evaluacin y la adjudicacin del contrato.
La capacidad jurdica, administrativa, operacional y financiera as como la experiencia y la capacidad
de organizacin sern objeto de verificacin para aceptar la participacin de un oferente, mas no
ser objeto de calificacin o puntaje.
P. 13
En las licitaciones pblicas, los pliegos de condiciones de las entidades estatales debern sealar
el momento en el que, con anterioridad a la presentacin de las ofertas, los oferentes y la entidad
revisarn la asignacin de riesgos con el fin de establecer su distribucin definitiva
El objeto de esta audiencia ser la de realizar por parte de los interesados unas propuestas, basadas
en observaciones que tengan al proyecto de pliego de condiciones en lo que se refiere a cmo fueron
tipificados los riesgos previsibles por parte de la entidad, o en cuanto a la cuantificacin de los
mismos, o en cuanto a quin es el que soportar tales riesgos, y en general a lo que tenga que ver
en la tipificacin, estimacin y asignacin de los riesgos previsibles en el desarrollo y ejecucin del
contrato.
De lo anterior puede concluirse que los pliegos deben conocerse antes de la audiencia.
Antes del acto de apertura del proceso, sobre las observaciones al proyecto de pliego
en materia de riesgos.
2. O en la misma audiencia de que trata el artculo 30 del estatuto de contratacin, que
se refiere a la audiencia de aclaraciones, que ms adelante se explicar.
Lo importante de esta audiencia que el oferente debe saber es que se discutir sobre los riesgos
previsibles, es por el equilibrio econmico del contrato.
Los interesados en ofertar deberan asistir a estas audiencias, pues es la oportunidad que la ley les
otorga de participar de manera activa en la consecucin de sus propios intereses. Adicionalmente,
porque al presentar las ofertas se entiende que se acepta, por parte del proponente, la distribucin
de los riesgos previsibles, que estaban contenidos en el pliego de condiciones.
Es importante sealar que los interesados en el proceso pueden solicitar aclaraciones dentro del
plazo de la licitacin, y es un deber de las entidades contestarlas por escrito, con copia a todos
aqullos que retiraron los pliegos.
Orden de elegibilidad
El orden de elegibilidad resulta de:
-
-
P. 15
Qu es el acto de adjudicacin?
El acto de adjudicacin es un acto administrativo que profiere la entidad, mediante el cual se
designa al oferente escogido. A partir de ese momento se convierte en el adjudicatario, es decir el
futuro suscriptor del contrato.
English P. 34
Si el adjudicatario no suscribe el contrato dentro del trmino que se haya sealado, se le hace
exigible la pliza de seriedad que constituy previamente en calidad de sancin, sin perjuicio de
que procedan las acciones correspondientes al reconocimiento de los perjuicios no cubiertos por
el valor de los depsitos o la garanta.
Ser entonces al segundo proponente mejor calificado quien la entidad podr adjudicarle el
contrato mediante acto motivado.
English P. 34
Se debe constituir la pliza nica de cumplimiento. Con respecto a esta garanta es preciso recordar
que como excepcin al rgimen habitual de seguros consagrado en el Cdigo de Comercio, la garanta
nica de cumplimiento no se termina automticamente por incumplimiento en el pago por parte del
contratista, los cual se mantiene vigente con la Ley 1150 de 2007, razn por la cual no es necesario
que las entidades pblicas contratantes exijan a los contratistas adjuntar los recibos de pago.
English P. 34
La liquidacin del contrato tiene como propsito hacer un ajuste final de cuentas y de finiquitar el
negocio mediante el reconocimiento de saldos a favor de alguna de las partes o de declararse a
paz y salvo, segn el caso.
Statute of principles
The following are the overriding principles:
Equality
The Administration must give equal opportunities for participation by all those who are in a position
to make an offer for what the Administration requires, and therefore the processes of selection of
contractors are inspired dominantly by this principle.
Publicity
Given the public interest inherent to all activities of the State, the community is entitled to know
who takes decision which affect its development, and why and how they are taken.
According to its Constitution, Colombia is a Social State of Law, founded on the prevalence of the
general interest, and one of its essential purposes is to serve the community and to promote
general prosperity, and guarantee the principles, duties and rights contained in the Constitution.
Transparency
In order to achieve the purposes of the State, goods and services must be acquired by public
agencies through contracts. Therefore, the object of a contract is no more than the acquisition
of goods and services designed to achieve the purposes of the State legally, harmoniously, and
effectively.
Objective selection
The regulation of pre-contractual and contractual activities in Colombia is contained in the Public
Procurement Law.
Colombian State agencies are legally obliged to select their contractors through tenders or public
contests, and only exceptionally by direct appointment, in cases expressly stated in the law.
With regard to the conditions of contract and offer, this favourability in choice is not discretionary,
but implies that the entities concerned engage in detailed, accurate and specific weighting of the
factors of scoring or classification given in the Terms of Reference, such that the most favourable
offer will be that which obtains the highest score, or with the highest classification, in accordance
with factors established in Terms of Reference, and their weighting.
Modes of selection
Public tender
A public tender is a selection process used by State agencies, to select contractors through a
public invitation addressed to all persons potentially interested in performing the contract, so
that they, on equal conditions and objective criteria, guaranteed by the Terms of Reference, may
present their bids, and the most favourable bid will be chosen.
In practice, public tenders are reserved for projects of a complex, high-value nature.
P. 21
Contests of merit
This is the mode suited for the selection of consultancy projects, in which systems of open
competition or preliminary qualification can be used. If preliminary qualification is used, the list
of the qualifying candidates will be formed by a public invitation, so that a limited list of offers
can be drawn up, using, amongst other things, criteria of experience, intellectual capacity, and
organization of the proposers, as the case may be.
In this mode of selection, talent and experience in consultancy contracting is valued more than
price, creating conditions for vigorous development of the area, with responsibility, amongst other
things, for designs and inspection of public works.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Manifest urgency;
Contracting loans;
Where there is only one source of offer in the market;
For the rental or acquisition of property;
Inter- administrative contracts;
For the contracting of goods and services in the defence sector and for the security
police (DAS), which require confidentiality in contracting;
7. Contracts for the development of scientific and technological activities;
8. Escrow agreements made by regional government agencies, in accordance with the
requirements of law 1150/2007; or
9. For the execution of artistic work or the provision of professional support services.
Short process
A short process is a mode of objective selection for cases in which the characteristics of the object
to be contracted, the circumstances of contracting, or the amount or purpose of the asset, work
or service allow simplified processes to be applied, such as reverse auctions, product exchanges,
mail order purchases, in order to guarantee the effectiveness of contractual activities.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Direct contracting
Direct contracting is a mode is an exceptional one, since its application is of a restricted nature. In
effect, the Procurement Law in Colombia provides for the following events in which this mode of
contracting is in order:
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themselves as a consortium, temporary union, corporate entity, or any other mode of association
which they consider convenient. In such cases, a document in which the interested parties clearly
express their intention of forming part of the association proposed must be attached to the bid.
Likewise, they must present the documents demonstrating that the requirements of the State entity,
expressed in the Terms of Reference, have been met.
When the proposal is to incorporate the company for this purpose, the document of intent will consist
of the promise to incorporate, and formalization will be subject to the condition that the contract is
awarded to that bidder. Once the resolution of award is issued, and the company in question is duly
incorporated, the concession contract will be made with its legal representative.
Article 4 of Decree 433/2008 establishes requirements which offers or bids must satisfy, principally,
the description and value of the work, the financial studies, and any other studies required to develop
the work, the analysis of foreseeable risks, social and ecological impact of the work, technical and
financial conditions, a bond covering the quality of studies for three years, and the experience and
financial capacity of the proposer or bidder.
2.
Bid bond: The bond covers the risk of signature of the contract at the time of award,
and therefore, if the award-winning contractor decides not to sign the contract, the
guarantee will be called upon.
The term is equal to that of the award, and the insurance company covers the loss
arising from failure to sign the contract, and whatever other express obligation there
may be.
Performance guarantee: This is valid throughout the term of the contract, and
covers losses which may arise due to breach by the contractor in the course of
work. The risks covered by the guarantee are: performance of the object of the
contract, following the terms, conditions and specifications agreed; fidelity for the
downpayment; employer liability; quality and stability of work or service, function
of equipment and provision of spares; and third-party liability to cover damages
caused to third parties by reason of the performance of a State contract. The
validity of the guarantee is the same as the term of the contract, since it is directly
related to it, and it is understood that this is the time period within which the loss
must occur. That is to say, the enforcement of the performance bond does not need
to be exercised within the term of the bond itself.
P. 25
Stage 2: Publications of the project of the draft Terms of Reference, and public
invitation
What is the draft Terms of Reference?
Draft Terms of Reference, as the name suggests, is a proposal for the final conditions of the Terms
of Reference. It is a draft, and it is presented to the public so that all interested parties may be
aware of it, study it, and then make observations or put questions they consider relevant.
The draft should be as close as possible to the final Terms of Reference, and should cover the
entire contents of the future final Terms of Reference. The draft must contain all the information
and all the rules of the game, which will be applied to the contractual process. The structure and
content of the draft should be as close as possible to the final Terms of Reference. This will ensure
that the interested parties will express their opinions on the entire content.
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2 years after the date of liquidation of the contract or the effective date of the administrative act
declaring abandonment, as the case may be.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
The principal objective is to guarantee transparency and publicity in the selection of private-sector
contractors.
4.
5.
18.
The record of the hearing for a clarification of Terms of Reference, and general
clarifications presented in the selection process, and replies to the same;
Note of record of the hearing for the allocation of foreseeable risks;
The administrative act suspending the process;
The act of revocation of the administrative act of opening the tender;
Addenda to the Terms of Reference;
Evaluation report on bids or proposals;
The report verifying the enabling requirements for access to the process of the
dynamic formation of the offer in a public tender;
The administrative act awarding the contract. In the case of a tender, the record of
the public hearing of the award must also be provided;
The record of the declaration of abandonment;
The contract, and supplements or suspensions and information on sanctions
imposed in the course of execution of performance of the contract, or subsequently;
Record of liquidation by mutual agreement, or the administrative act of unilateral
liquidation;
Where is the Procurement portal? The Procurement portal is at http://www.
contratos.gov.co; and
This contains all the information required by users to interact with the information
system.
What is the importance of the observations and suggestions presented in the Terms
of Reference?
The importance of such comments is that the final Terms of Reference may include matters
proposed in them, if considered relevant. Also, this will minimize the possibility that controversy
could arise, because interested parties have had the opportunity to express their opinions and to
be heard and during the procedure for the preparation of the final Terms of Reference.
P. 29
In the selection process for a tender, short process or contest of merit, the public invitation is made
after evaluation of the observations and proposals presented by interested parties to the Terms of
Reference, documents and previous studies.
It is important that this term be known to bidders or proposals, since they may make observations
on the content of the evaluation report if they need to clarify the content of their offers or bids (Law
80/1993, Section 30.8)
The resolution to open a selection process is properly an administrative act of a general nature
(ordering the opening of the selection process).
The competency to issue it lies with the legal representative of the entity, who can also delegate
this function.
The following are factors and criteria which will be taken into account in the evaluation and award
of contract:
Legal, administrative, operating and financial capacity, experience and organizational capacity will
be the object of verification for the purpose of qualifying the bidder/proposer. These aspects will
not be the object of assessment or scoring.
A number of risk factors may arise during the performance of the contract, such as changes in
economic, political and social circumstances which may mean that flows are not complied with,
or that expected results are not achieved, thus altering the economic equilibrium of contractual
relations. These events may be attributable to the parties, or may be alien to them.
Therefore, Article 4 of Law 1150/2007 says that
Terms of Reference or their equivalent must include an estimate, specification and
assignation of foreseeable risks involved in contracting. In public tenders, the Terms of
Reference of State entities must indicate the moment at which, prior to the presentation
of bids, bidders and the entity will review the assignation of risks, in order to establish a
definitive distribution.
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This is at the discretion of the contracting entity, and the hearing may take place:
It should be noted that those interested in the process may request clarifications within the term
of the tender, and the contracting entity is bound to answer them in writing, with a copy to all those
who acquired the Terms of Reference.
1.
2.
Prior to the act opening the process, with respect to observations on risk matters
in the draft Terms of Reference; or
At the same hearing described in Article 30 of the Procurement Law, referring to
the hearing for clarifications, as explained below.
The important point about this hearing that the bidder/proposer needs to know is that the
discussion will be on foreseeable risks, and this refers to the economic equilibrium of the contract.
The award must be made at a public hearing, where the head of the contracting entity or his
delegate will take part, and all the bidders/prospers and other interested parties will participate.
Prospective bidders/proposers must attend these hearings, because this is the opportunity which
the law gives them to play an active part in securing their own interests. Further, the presentation
of a bid or proposal is tantamount to an acceptance by the bidder/proposer of the distribution of
foreseeable risks, which are contained in the Terms of Reference.
At this hearing, and after the award has been announced, the interested parties may make their
observations on the reply given by the entity to the observations made on the evaluation reports.
Order of eligibility
The order of eligibility is the result of:
From this, it may be concluded that the Terms of Reference must be known prior to the hearing.
The act of award may not be subject to any kind of condition, nor may the bid/proposal, since this is
a regulated action, and although it enjoys a certain degree of discretion, it must be motivated. The
motivation must explain the reasons which led the contracting entity to choose the bid awarded as
the best, so that conflict will not arise with the other bidders.
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Signature of contract
If the successful bidder/proposer fails to sign the contract within the term indicated, the bid bond
will be called as a penalty, without prejudice to action for the recognition of damages not covered
by the value of the deposits or the guarantee.
At this point, the second-best bid may be awarded the contract, in a motivated act.